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Gómez DMC, Braidot AAA. Improving motor imagery through a mirror box for BCI users. J Neurophysiol 2024; 131:832-841. [PMID: 38323330 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00121.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate mirror visual feedback (MVF) as a training tool for brain-computer interface (BCI) users. This is because approximately 20-30% of subjects require more training to operate a BCI system using motor imagery. Electroencephalograms (EEGs) were recorded from 18 healthy subjects, using event-related desynchronization (ERD) to observe the responses during the movement or movement intention of the hand for the conditions of control, imagination, and the MVF with the mirror box. We constituted two groups: group 1: control, imagination, and MVF; group 2: control, MVF, and imagination. There were significant differences in imagination conditions between groups using MVF before or after imagination (right-hand, P = 0.0403; left-hand, P = 0.00939). The illusion of movement through MVF is not possible in all subjects, but even in those cases, we found an increase in imagination when the subject used the MVF previously. The increase in the r2s of imagination in the right and left hands suggests cross-learning. The increase in motor imagery recorded with EEG after MVF suggests that the mirror box made it easier to imagine movements. Our results provide evidence that the MVF could be used as a training tool to improve motor imagery.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The increase in motor imagery recorded with EEG after MVF (mirror visual feedback) suggests that the mirror box made it easier to imagine movements. Our results demonstrate that MVF could be used as a training tool to improve motor imagery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Margarita Casas Gómez
- Laboratory of Biomechanics, School of Engineering, National University of Entre Ríos, Entre Ríos, Argentina
- Escuela Ciencias Básicas Tecnología e Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia, Dosquebradas, Colombia
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Rueda Parra S, Perry JC, Wolbrecht ET, Gupta D. Neural correlates of bilateral proprioception and adaptation with training. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299873. [PMID: 38489319 PMCID: PMC10942095 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Bilateral proprioception includes the ability to sense the position and motion of one hand relative to the other, without looking. This sensory ability allows us to perform daily activities seamlessly, and its impairment is observed in various neurological disorders such as cerebral palsy and stroke. It can undergo experience-dependent plasticity, as seen in trained piano players. If its neural correlates were better understood, it would provide a useful assay and target for neurorehabilitation for people with impaired proprioception. We designed a non-invasive electroencephalography-based paradigm to assess the neural features relevant to proprioception, especially focusing on bilateral proprioception, i.e., assessing the limb distance from the body with the other limb. We compared it with a movement-only task, with and without the visibility of the target hand. Additionally, we explored proprioceptive accuracy during the tasks. We tested eleven Controls and nine Skilled musicians to assess whether sensorimotor event-related spectral perturbations in μ (8-12Hz) and low-β (12-18Hz) rhythms differ in people with musical instrument training, which intrinsically involves a bilateral proprioceptive component, or when new sensor modalities are added to the task. The Skilled group showed significantly reduced μ and low-β suppression in bilateral tasks compared to movement-only, a significative difference relative to Controls. This may be explained by reduced top-down control due to intensive training, despite this, proprioceptive errors were not smaller for this group. Target visibility significantly reduced proprioceptive error in Controls, while no change was observed in the Skilled group. During visual tasks, Controls exhibited significant μ and low-β power reversals, with significant differences relative to proprioceptive-only tasks compared to the Skilled group-possibly due to reduced uncertainty and top-down control. These results provide support for sensorimotor μ and low-β suppression as potential neuromarkers for assessing proprioceptive ability. The identification of these features is significant as they could be used to quantify altered proprioceptive neural processing in skill and movement disorders. This in turn can be useful as an assay for pre and post sensory-motor intervention research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Rueda Parra
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
- Stratton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, New York
| | - Joel C. Perry
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Eric T. Wolbrecht
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, United States of America
| | - Disha Gupta
- Stratton Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albany, New York
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, New York, United States of America
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Ramesh B, Konstant A, Praveena P, Senft E, Gleicher M, Mutlu B, Zinn M, Radwin RG. Manually Acquiring Targets From Multiple Viewpoints Using Video Feedback. HUMAN FACTORS 2024; 66:470-489. [PMID: 35548929 DOI: 10.1177/00187208221093829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The effect of camera viewpoint was studied when performing visually obstructed psychomotor targeting tasks. BACKGROUND Previous research in laparoscopy and robotic teleoperation found that complex perceptual-motor adaptations associated with misaligned viewpoints corresponded to degraded performance in manipulation. Because optimal camera positioning is often unavailable in restricted environments, alternative viewpoints that might mitigate performance effects are not obvious. METHODS A virtual keyboard-controlled targeting task was remotely distributed to workers of Amazon Mechanical Turk. The experiment was performed by 192 subjects for a static viewpoint with independent parameters of target direction, Fitts' law index of difficulty, viewpoint azimuthal angle (AA), and viewpoint polar angle (PA). A dynamic viewpoint experiment was also performed by 112 subjects in which the viewpoint AA changed after every trial. RESULTS AA and target direction had significant effects on performance for the static viewpoint experiment. Movement time and travel distance increased while AA increased until there was a discrete improvement in performance for 180°. Increasing AA from 225° to 315° linearly decreased movement time and distance. There were significant main effects of current AA and magnitude of transition for the dynamic viewpoint experiment. Orthogonal direction and no-change viewpoint transitions least affected performance. CONCLUSIONS Viewpoint selection should aim to minimize associated rotations within the manipulation plane when performing targeting tasks whether implementing a static or dynamic viewing solution. Because PA rotations had negligible performance effects, PA adjustments may extend the space of viable viewpoints. APPLICATIONS These results can inform viewpoint selection for visual feedback during psychomotor tasks.
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Fan M, Wong TWL. The effects of errorless psychomotor training in the Y balance lower limb reaching task. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2024; 88:156-166. [PMID: 37353612 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-023-01831-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the training effect of errorless psychomotor training, a motor training method with perceptual, attentional, and psychological manipulation, in a balance-related, lower limb reaching task (Y balance reaching task) on dynamic balance by young adults. Thirty-nine participants (Mean age = 27.03 years, SD = 2.64 years) were trained with different psychomotor training methods in the Y balance reaching task. Results illustrate that errorless psychomotor training significantly improved the participants' dynamic balance and proprioceptive abilities. Additionally, gaze fixation duration on target during reaching decreased after errorless psychomotor training, suggesting that errorless psychomotor training could decrease visual information demand and be concurrently compensated by up-weighting on proprioception. This multisensory reweighting and cross-modal attention could contribute to the improvement of dynamic balance ability in sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Fan
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The Hong Kong Jockey Club Building for Interdisciplinary Research, The University of Hong Kong, 3/F, 5 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Thomson W L Wong
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Akimoto H, Suzuki H, Kan S, Funaba M, Nishida N, Fujimoto K, Ikeda H, Yonezawa T, Ikushima K, Shimizu Y, Matsubara T, Harada K, Nakagawa S, Sakai T. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging indices are related to electrophysiological dysfunction in degenerative cervical myelopathy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2344. [PMID: 38282042 PMCID: PMC10822854 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The age-related degenerative pathologies of the cervical spinal column that comprise degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) cause myelopathy due spinal cord compression. Functional neurological assessment of DCM can potentially reveal the severity and pathological mechanism of DCM. However, functional assessment by conventional MRI remains difficult. This study used resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) to investigate the relationship between functional connectivity (FC) strength and neurophysiological indices and examined the feasibility of functional assessment by FC for DCM. Preoperatively, 34 patients with DCM underwent rs-fMRI scans. Preoperative central motor conduction time (CMCT) reflecting motor functional disability and intraoperative somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) reflecting sensory functional disability were recorded as electrophysiological indices of severity of the cervical spinal cord impairment. We performed seed-to-voxel FC analysis and correlation analyses between FC strength and the two electrophysiological indices. We found that FC strength between the primary motor cortex and the precuneus correlated significantly positively with CMCT, and that between the lateral part of the sensorimotor cortex and the lateral occipital cortex also showed a significantly positive correlation with SEP amplitudes. These results suggest that we can evaluate neurological and electrophysiological severity in patients with DCM by analyzing FC strengths between certain brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironobu Akimoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hidenori Suzuki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Shigeyuki Kan
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masahiro Funaba
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Norihiro Nishida
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Fujimoto
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ikeda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Teppei Yonezawa
- Department of Radiological Technology, Yamaguchi University Hospital, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Kojiro Ikushima
- Department of Radiological Technology, Yamaguchi University Hospital, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Shimizu
- Department of Radiological Technology, Yamaguchi University Hospital, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Toshio Matsubara
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Harada
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Shin Nakagawa
- Division of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
| | - Takashi Sakai
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi, 755-8505, Japan
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Isakova EV, Kotov SV, Guts ES, Zenina VA. [Possibilities of mirror therapy in cognitive rehabilitation after stroke]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2024; 124:64-71. [PMID: 39166936 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro202412408264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
The review provides a brief overview of the history of the development of mirror therapy. Current data on the putative mechanisms of mirror therapy as well as the theory of mirror neurons are presented. The authors describe the implementation of the effects of mirror therapy in motor rehabilitation after stroke, including motor imagination or mental simulation of actions, strengthening of spatial attention and self-perception, activation of the ipsilateral corticospinal tract, reorganization of neuronal networks that influence the state of structurally intact but functionally inactive neurons. The authors reflected the prerequisites for the use of mirror therapy in the rehabilitation of cognitive impairment in poststroke patients. The results of current clinical studies and case reports of the use of mirror therapy for the rehabilitation of speech and non-speech cognitive disorders, and neglect syndrome after stroke are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Isakova
- Vladimirskiy Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - S V Kotov
- Vladimirskiy Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - E S Guts
- Vladimirskiy Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - V A Zenina
- Vladimirskiy Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russia
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Eşrefoğlu A, Henry M, Baudry S. Influence of Proprioceptive Inputs and Force Feedback Modality on Force Reproduction Performance. J Mot Behav 2023; 56:150-160. [PMID: 38170961 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2023.2280260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The sense of force can be assessed using a force reproduction task (FRT), which consists of matching a target force with visual feedback (TARGET phase) and reproducing it without visual feedback (REPRODUCTION phase). We investigated the relevance of muscle proprioception during the TARGET phase (EXP1) and the influence of the sensory source used for the force feedback (EXP2). Accordingly, EXP1 compared the force reproduction error (RE) between trials with (LV) and without (NoLV) local tendon vibration applied on the first dorsal interosseous during the TARGET phase, while EXP2 compared RE between trials performed with visual (VISIO) or auditory (AUDIO) feedback. The FRT was performed with the index finger at 5% and 20% of the maximal force (MVC). RE was greater with LV compared with NoLV at 5% (p = 0.004) but not 20% MVC (p = 0.65). The involvement of muscle proprioception in RFT was further supported by the increase in RE with LV frequency (supplementary experiment). RE was greater for VISIO than AUDIO at 5% (p < 0.001) but not 20% MVC (p = 0.054). This study evidences the relevance of proprioceptive inputs during the target PHASE and the influence of the force feedback modality on RE, and thereby on the assessment of the sense of force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alp Eşrefoğlu
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology (LABNeuro), ULB-Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mélanie Henry
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology (LABNeuro), ULB-Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Neurophysiology of Movement Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Stéphane Baudry
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Research Unit in Applied Neurophysiology (LABNeuro), ULB-Neurosciences Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Albanese GA, Zenzeri J, De Santis D. The Effect of Feedback Modality When Learning a Novel Wrist Sensorimotor Transformation Through a Body-Machine Interface. IEEE Int Conf Rehabil Robot 2023; 2023:1-6. [PMID: 37941291 DOI: 10.1109/icorr58425.2023.10304784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Body-Machine Interfaces (BoMIs) are promising assistive and rehabilitative tools for helping individuals with impaired motor abilities regain independence. When operating a BoMI, the user has to learn a novel sensorimotor transformation between the movement of certain body parts and the output of the device. In this study, we investigated how different feedback modalities impacted learning to operate a BoMI. Forty-seven able-bodied participants learned to control the velocity of a 1D cursor using the 3D rotation of their dominant wrist to reach as many targets as possible in a given amount of time. The map was designed to maximize cursor speed for movements around a predefined axis of wrist rotation. We compared the user's performance and control efficiency under three feedback modalities: i) visual feedback of the cursor position, ii) proprioceptive feedback of the cursor position delivered by a wrist manipulandum, iii) both i) and ii). We found that visual feedback led to a greater number of targets reached than proprioceptive feedback alone. Conversely, proprioceptive feedback yielded greater alignment between the axis of rotation of the wrist and the optimal axis represented by the map. These results suggest that proprioceptive feedback may be preferable over visual feedback when information about intrinsic task components, i.e. joint configurations, is of interest as in rehabilitative interventions aiming to promote more effective learning strategies.
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Tesio L, Caronni A, Russo C, Felisari G, Banco E, Simone A, Scarano S, Bolognini N. Reversed Mirror Therapy (REMIT) after Stroke-A Proof-of-Concept Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:847. [PMID: 37371327 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In mirror training (MIT), stroke patients strive to move their hands while looking at the reflected image of the unaffected one. The recruitment of the mirror neurons and visual-proprioceptive conflict are expected to facilitate the paretic voluntary movement. Here, a reversed MIT (REMIT) is presented, which requires moving hands while looking at the reflected image of the paretic one, giving the illusion of being unable to move the unimpaired hand. This study compares MIT and REMIT on post-stroke upper-limb recovery to gain clues on the mechanism of action of mirror therapies. Eight chronic stroke patients underwent two weeks of MIT and REMIT (five sessions each) in a crossover design. Upper-limb Fugl-Meyer, Box and Block and handgrip strength tests were administered at baseline and treatments end. The strength of the mirror illusion was evaluated after each session. MIT induced a larger illusory effect. The Fugl-Meyer score improved to the same extent after both treatments. No changes occurred in the Box and Block and the handgrip tests. REMIT and MIT were equally effective on upper-limb dexterity, challenging the exclusive role of mirror neurons. Contrasting learned nonuse through an intersensory conflict might provide the rationale for both forms of mirror-based rehabilitation after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Tesio
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Ospedale San Luca, 20149 Milano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Antonio Caronni
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Ospedale San Luca, 20149 Milano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Russo
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Giorgio Felisari
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Ospedale San Luca, 20149 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Banco
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Ospedale San Luca, 20149 Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Simone
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Ospedale San Luca, 20149 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Scarano
- Department of Neurorehabilitation Sciences, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Ospedale San Luca, 20149 Milano, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Nadia Bolognini
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milano, Italy
- Neuropsychological Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, 20122 Milano, Italy
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Rizzo M, Petrini L, Del Percio C, Lopez S, Arendt‐Nielsen L, Babiloni C. Mirror visual feedback during unilateral finger movements is related to the desynchronization of cortical electroencephalographic somatomotor alpha rhythms. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e14116. [PMID: 35657095 PMCID: PMC9788070 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Using a mirror adequately oriented, the motion of just one hand induces the illusion of the movement with the other hand. Here, we tested the hypothesis that such a mirror phenomenon may be underpinned by an electroencephalographic (EEG) event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS) of central alpha rhythms (around 10 Hz) as a neurophysiological measure of the interactions among cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and thalamus during movement preparation and execution. Eighteen healthy right-handed male participants performed standard auditory-triggered unilateral (right) or bilateral finger movements in the No Mirror (M-) conditions. In the Mirror (M+) condition, the unilateral right finger movements were performed in front of a mirror oriented to induce the illusion of simultaneous left finger movements. EEG activity was recorded from 64 scalp electrodes, and the artifact-free event-related EEG epochs were used to compute alpha ERD. In the M- conditions, a bilateral prominent central alpha ERD was observed during the bilateral movements, while left central alpha ERD and right alpha ERS were seen during unilateral right movements. In contrast, the M+ condition showed significant bilateral and widespread alpha ERD during the unilateral right movements. These results suggest that the above illusion of the left movements may be related to alpha ERD measures reflecting excitatory desynchronizing signals in right lateral premotor and primary somatomotor areas possibly in relation to basal ganglia-thalamic loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rizzo
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), SMIDepartment of Health Science and TechnologyAalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark
| | - Laura Petrini
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), SMIDepartment of Health Science and TechnologyAalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark
| | - Claudio Del Percio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Susanna Lopez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
| | - Lars Arendt‐Nielsen
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), SMIDepartment of Health Science and TechnologyAalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark,Department of Medical Gastroenterology, Mech‐SenseAalborg University HospitalAalborgDenmark
| | - Claudio Babiloni
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”Sapienza University of RomeRomeItaly
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The Effects of Vision-Deprived Progressive Resistance Training on One-Repetition Maximum Bench Press Performance: An Exploratory Study. Vision (Basel) 2022; 6:vision6030047. [PMID: 35997378 PMCID: PMC9397090 DOI: 10.3390/vision6030047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether vision-occluded progressive resistance training would increase upper-extremity movement performance using the one-repetition maximum (1-RM) bench press. Participants (n = 57) were recruited from a historically black college and university (HBCU), cross-matched by sex, age (±1 year), 1-RM (±2.27 kg), 1-RM/weight (±0.1), and 1-RM/lean mass ratio (±0.1), and randomly assigned to either the experimental group (vision occluded) or the control group. Participants performed resistance training for 6 weeks prior to beginning the study, and 1-RM was assessed the week prior to the beginning of the study. Weight and body composition were measured using a BOD POD. Of the 57 participants who started the study, 34 completed the study (Experimental = 16, Control = 18) and were reassessed the week after completing the 6-week-long training protocol. Using a combination of Mann−Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, we found that when accounting for changes in lean muscle mass, individuals who trained with their vision occluded reported significantly greater improvements in 1-RM strength compared to those who did not (p < 0.05). The findings from our study suggest that vision-occluded progressive resistance training increases upper-extremity performance when assessed using the bench press. These findings may have significant practical implications in both sports and rehabilitation, as these techniques may be used to enhance performance in athletes and/or improve rehabilitation effectiveness.
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Albanese GA, Basile E, Momi ED, Zenzeri J. A new robot-based proprioceptive training algorithm to induce sensorimotor enhancement in the human wrist. IEEE Int Conf Rehabil Robot 2022; 2022:1-6. [PMID: 36176156 DOI: 10.1109/icorr55369.2022.9896533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Afferent proprioceptive signals, responsible for body awareness, have a crucial role when planning and executing motor tasks. Increasing evidence suggests that proprioceptive sensory training may improve motor performance. Although this topic had been partially investigated, there was a lack of studies involving the wrist joint. Proprioception at the wrist level is particularly relevant to interact with the environment through actions that require an accurate sense of position and motion, and fine haptic perception. In this study, we implemented and tested a robotic training algorithm of human wrist proprioception. The proposed task was a continuous tracking in the workspace identified by flexion-extension and radial-ulnar deviation movements. Healthy subjects were haptically guided towards the target, without any visual feedback of the position of the end- effector. Our results showed that, after the training, participants improved their motor performance in a different tracking task, completely active and with visual feedback Additionally, the training led them to more efficient use of kinesthetic feedback during haptically-guided reaching tasks. Our findings demonstrated that the proposed training algorithm of wrist proprioception induced a task-specific sensorimotor enhancement. From the perspective of a rehabilitative intervention, this robot-based training has the potential to improve motor functions and the quality of life of subjects with sensorimotor deficits.
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Tofani M, Santecchia L, Conte A, Berardi A, Galeoto G, Sogos C, Petrarca M, Panuccio F, Castelli E. Effects of Mirror Neurons-Based Rehabilitation Techniques in Hand Injuries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:5526. [PMID: 35564920 PMCID: PMC9104298 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19095526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Background: Hand trauma requires specific rehabilitation protocol depending on the different structures involved. According to type of surgical intervention, and for monitoring pain and edema, post-operative rehabilitation of a hand that has experienced trauma involves different timings for immobilization. Several protocols have been used to reduce immobilization time, and various techniques and methods are adopted, depending on the structures involved. Objective: To measure the effects of mirror neurons-based rehabilitation techniques in hand injuries throughout a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: The protocol was accepted in PROSPERO database. A literature search was conducted in Cinahl, Scopus, Medline, PEDro, OTseeker. Two authors independently identified eligible studies, based on predefined inclusion criteria, and extracted the data. RCT quality was assessed using the JADAD scale. Results: Seventy-nine suitable studies were screened, and only eleven were included for qualitative synthesis, while four studies were selected for quantitative analysis. Four studies were case reports/series, and seven were RCTs. Nine investigate the effect of Mirror Therapy and two the effect of Motor Imagery. Quantitative analyses revealed Mirror Therapy as effective for hand function recovery (mean difference = −14.80 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = −17.22, −12.38) (p < 0.00001) in the short term, as well as in long follow-up groups (mean difference = −13.11 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = −17.53, −8.69) (p < 0.00001). Clinical, but not statistical, efficacy was found for manual dexterity (p = 0.15), while no benefit was reported for range of motion. Conclusions: Mirror neurons-based rehabilitation techniques, combined with conventional occupational and physical therapy, can be a useful approach in hand trauma. Mirror therapy seems to be effective for hand function recovery, but, for motor imagery and action observation, there is not sufficient evidence to recommend its use. Further research on the efficacy of the mirror neurons-based technique in hand injury is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Tofani
- Professional Development, Continuous Education and Research Service, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.); (G.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Luigino Santecchia
- Orthopedic Unit, Department of Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonella Conte
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.); (G.G.); (C.S.)
- Neuromed IRCCS, 86077 Pozzili, Italy
| | - Anna Berardi
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.); (G.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Giovanni Galeoto
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.); (G.G.); (C.S.)
- Neuromed IRCCS, 86077 Pozzili, Italy
| | - Carla Sogos
- Department of Human Neurosciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (A.C.); (A.B.); (G.G.); (C.S.)
| | - Maurizio Petrarca
- Department of Intensive Neurorehabilitation and Robotics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (E.C.)
| | | | - Enrico Castelli
- Department of Intensive Neurorehabilitation and Robotics, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, 00100 Rome, Italy; (M.P.); (E.C.)
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14
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Isaacs MW, Buxbaum LJ, Wong AL. Proprioception-based movement goals support imitation and are disrupted in apraxia. Cortex 2022; 147:140-156. [PMID: 35033899 PMCID: PMC8852218 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The ability to imitate observed actions serves as an efficient method for learning novel movements and is specifically impaired (without concomitant gross motor impairments) in the neurological disorder of limb apraxia, a disorder common after left hemisphere stroke. Research with apraxic patients has advanced our understanding of how people imitate. However, the role of proprioception in imitation has been rarely assessed directly. Prior work has proposed that proprioceptively sensed body position is transformed into a visual format, supporting the attainment of a desired imitation goal represented visually (i.e., how the movement should look when performed). In contrast, we hypothesized a more direct role for proprioception: we suggest that movement goals are also represented proprioceptively (i.e., how a desired movement should feel when performed), and the ability to represent or access such proprioceptive goals is deficient in apraxia. Using a novel imitation task in which a robot cued meaningless trajectories proprioceptively or visually, we probed the role of each sensory modality. We found that patients with left hemisphere stroke were disproportionately worse than controls at imitating when cued proprioceptively versus visually. This proprioceptive versus visual disparity was associated with apraxia severity as assessed by a traditional imitation task, but could not be explained by general proprioceptive impairment or speed-accuracy trade-offs. These data suggest that successful imitation depends in part on the ability to represent movement goals in terms of how those movements should feel, and that deficits in this ability contribute to imitation impairments in patients with apraxia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aaron L Wong
- Moss Rehabilitation Research Institute, Elkins Park, PA, USA.
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15
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Conroy E, Toth AJ, Campbell MJ. The effect of computer mouse mass on target acquisition performance among action video gamers. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2022; 99:103637. [PMID: 34742107 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2021.103637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Advances in human performance have shifted research attention from individuals towards understanding the effects that equipment can have on their performance. In esports, the effect of gaming peripherals on performance has only recently been explored. In this study, we investigated the effect of computer mouse mass on gaming skill. 72 video game players performed a target acquisition task, a pertinent composite skill in first-person shooter (FPS) video games, while using computer mice that varied only by their mass (50g, 60g, 90g & 100g). Results showed that participants were 4% faster and 9% more accurate with 50g, 60g, and 90g mice compared to the 100g mouse. They were also 34% more accurate and 14% more precise when using lower control-display gain and preferred lighter mice (50g and 60g) when performing the skill at a lower control-display gain. Taken together, using a lighter mouse at lower sensitivity may augment target acquisition performance among video gamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eoin Conroy
- Lero the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Software, Ireland
| | - Adam J Toth
- Lero the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Software, Ireland; Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Mark J Campbell
- Lero the Science Foundation Ireland Research Centre for Software, Ireland; Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Ireland
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16
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Visuomotor impairments in complex regional pain syndrome during pointing tasks. Pain 2021; 162:811-822. [PMID: 32890256 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is thought to be characterized by cognitive deficits affecting patients' ability to represent, perceive, and use their affected limb as well as its surrounding space. This has been tested, among others, by straight-ahead tasks testing oneself's egocentric representation, but such experiments lead to inconsistent results. Because spatial cognitive abilities encompass various processes, we completed such evaluations by varying the sensory inputs used to perform the task. Complex regional pain syndrome and matched control participants were asked to assess their own body midline either visually (ie, by means of a moving visual cue) or manually (ie, by straight-ahead pointing with one of their upper limbs) and to reach and point to visual targets at different spatial locations. Although the 2 former tasks only required one single sensory input to be performed (ie, either visual or proprioceptive), the latter task was based on the ability to coordinate perception of the position of one's own limb with visuospatial perception. However, in this latter task, limb position could only be estimated by proprioception, as vision of the limb was prevented. Whereas in the 2 former tasks CRPS participants' performance was not different from that of controls, they made significantly more deviations errors during the visuospatial task, regardless of the limb used to point or the direction of pointing. Results suggest that CRPS patients are not specifically characterized by difficulties in representing their body but, more particularly, in integrating somatic information (ie, proprioception) during visually guided movements of the limb.
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17
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Albanese GA, Holmes MWR, Marini F, Morasso P, Zenzeri J. Wrist Position Sense in Two Dimensions: Between-Hand Symmetry and Anisotropic Accuracy Across the Space. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:662768. [PMID: 33967724 PMCID: PMC8100524 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.662768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A deep investigation of proprioceptive processes is necessary to understand the relationship between sensory afferent inputs and motor outcomes. In this work, we investigate whether and how perception of wrist position is influenced by the direction along which the movement occurs. Most previous studies have tested Joint Position Sense (JPS) through 1 degree of freedom (DoF) wrist movements, such as flexion/extension (FE) or radial/ulnar deviation (RUD). However, the wrist joint has 3-DoF and many activities of daily living produce combined movements, requiring at least 2-DoF wrist coordination. For this reason, in this study, target positions involved movement directions that combined wrist flexion or extension with radial or ulnar deviation. The chosen task was a robot-aided Joint Position Matching (JPM), in which blindfolded participants actively reproduced a previously passively assumed target joint configuration. The JPM performance of 20 healthy participants was quantified through measures of accuracy and precision, in terms of both perceived target direction and distance along each direction of movement. Twelve different directions of movement were selected and both hands tested. The left and right hand led to comparable results, both target extents and directions were differently perceived according to the target direction on the FE/RUD space. Moreover, during 2-DoF combined movements, subjects' perception of directions was impaired when compared to 1-DoF target movements. In summary, our results showed that human perception of wrist position on the FE/RUD space is symmetric between hands but not isotropic among movement directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia A Albanese
- Department of Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Department of Informatics, Bioengineering, Robotics and Systems Engineering (DIBRIS), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Michael W R Holmes
- Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | | | - Pietro Morasso
- Department of Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Jacopo Zenzeri
- Department of Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
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18
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Goldenkoff ER, McGregor HR, Mergos J, Gholizadeh P, Bridenstine J, Brown MJN, Vesia M. Reversal of Visual Feedback Modulates Somatosensory Plasticity. Neuroscience 2020; 452:335-344. [PMID: 33220339 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Reversed visual feedback during unimanual training increases transfer of skills to the opposite untrained hand and modulates plasticity in motor areas of the brain. However, it is unclear if unimanual training with reversed visual feedback also affects somatosensory areas. Here we manipulated visual input during unimanual training using left-right optical reversing spectacles and tested whether unimanual training with reversed vision modulates somatosensory cortical excitability to facilitate motor performance. Thirty participants practiced a unimanual ball-rotation task using the right hand with either left-right reversed vision (incongruent visual and somatosensory feedback) or direct vision (congruent feedback) of the moving hand. We estimated cortical excitability in primary somatosensory cortex (S1) before and after unimanual training by measuring somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs). This was done by electrically stimulating the median nerve in the wrist while participants rested, and recording potentials over both hemispheres using electroencephalography. Performance of the ball-rotation task improved for both the right (trained) and left (untrained) hand after training across both direct and reversed vision conditions. Participants with direct vision of the right hand during training showed SEPs amplitudes increased bilaterally. In contrast, participants in the reversed visual condition showed attenuated SEPs following training. The results suggest that cortical suppression of S1 activity supports skilled motor performance after unimanual training with reversed vision, presumably by sensory gating of afferent signals from the movement. This finding provides insight into the mechanisms by which visual input interacts with the sensorimotor system and induces neuroplastic changes in S1 to support skilled motor performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elana R Goldenkoff
- School of Kinesiology, Brain Behavior Lab, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Heather R McGregor
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Joshua Mergos
- School of Kinesiology, Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Puyan Gholizadeh
- School of Kinesiology, Brain Behavior Lab, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA; School of Kinesiology, Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - John Bridenstine
- School of Kinesiology, Brain Behavior Lab, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA; School of Kinesiology, Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Matt J N Brown
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University Sacramento, Sacramento, USA
| | - Michael Vesia
- School of Kinesiology, Brain Behavior Lab, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
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19
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Bello UM, Winser SJ, Chan CCH. Role of kinaesthetic motor imagery in mirror-induced visual illusion as intervention in post-stroke rehabilitation. Rev Neurosci 2020; 31:659-674. [PMID: 32229682 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2019-0106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Mirror-induced visual illusion obtained through mirror therapy is widely used to facilitate motor recovery after stroke. Activation of primary motor cortex (M1) ipsilateral to the moving limb has been reported during mirror-induced visual illusion. However, the mechanism through which the mirror illusion elicits motor execution processes without movements observed in the mirrored limb remains unclear. This study aims to review evidence based on brain imaging studies for testing the hypothesis that neural processes associated with kinaesthetic motor imagery are attributed to ipsilateral M1 activation. Four electronic databases were searched. Studies on functional brain imaging, investigating the instant effects of mirror-induced visual illusion among stroke survivors and healthy participants were included. Thirty-five studies engaging 78 stroke survivors and 396 healthy participants were reviewed. Results of functional brain scans (n = 20) indicated that half of the studies (n = 10, 50%) reported significant changes in the activation of ipsilateral M1, which mediates motor preparation and execution. Other common neural substrates included primary somatosensory cortex (45%, kinaesthesia), precuneus (40%, image generation and self-processing operations) and cerebellum (20%, motor control). Similar patterns of ipsilateral M1 activations were observed in the two groups. These neural substrates mediated the generation, maintenance, and manipulation of motor-related images, which were the key processes in kinaesthetic motor imagery. Relationships in terms of shared neural substrates and mental processes between mirror-induced visual illusion and kinaesthetic motor imagery generate new evidence on the role of the latter in mirror therapy. Future studies should investigate the imagery processes in illusion training for post-stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umar M Bello
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, No. 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Physiotherapy, Yobe State University Teaching Hospital, Along Potiskum Road, Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria
| | - Stanley J Winser
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, No. 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chetwyn C H Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, No. 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.,Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, No. 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.,University Research Facility in Behavioral and Systems Neuroscience, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, No. 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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20
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Bourdin P, Martini M, Sanchez-Vives MV. Altered visual feedback from an embodied avatar unconsciously influences movement amplitude and muscle activity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19747. [PMID: 31874987 PMCID: PMC6930246 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56034-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that the sense of the position of our body parts can be surreptitiously deceived, for instance through illusory visual inputs. However, whether altered visual feedback during limb movement can induce substantial unconscious motor and muscular adjustments is not known. To address this question, we covertly manipulated virtual body movements in immersive virtual reality. Participants were instructed to flex their elbow to 90° while tensing an elastic band, as their virtual arm reproduced the same, a reduced (75°), or an amplified (105°) movement. We recorded muscle activity using electromyography, and assessed body ownership, agency and proprioception of the arm. Our results not only show that participants compensated for the avatar’s manipulated arm movement while being completely unaware of it, but also that it is possible to induce unconscious motor adaptations requiring significant changes in muscular activity. Altered visual feedback through body ownership illusions can influence motor performance in a process that bypasses awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Bourdin
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain. .,Experimental Virtual Environments for Neuroscience and Technology (EVENT) Laboratory, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain. .,EIMT, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Matteo Martini
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental Virtual Environments for Neuroscience and Technology (EVENT) Laboratory, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Maria V Sanchez-Vives
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Experimental Virtual Environments for Neuroscience and Technology (EVENT) Laboratory, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institució Catalana Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
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21
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Chang CS, Lo YY, Chen CL, Lee HM, Chiang WC, Li PC. Alternative Motor Task-Based Pattern Training With a Digital Mirror Therapy System Enhances Sensorimotor Signal Rhythms Post-stroke. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1227. [PMID: 31824406 PMCID: PMC6882999 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mirror therapy (MT) facilitates motor learning and induces cortical reorganization and motor recovery from stroke. We applied the new digital mirror therapy (DMT) system to compare the cortical activation under the three visual feedback conditions: (1) no mirror visual feedback (NoMVF), (2) bilateral synchronized task-based mirror visual feedback training (BMVF), and (3) reciprocal task-based mirror visual feedback training (RMVF). During DMT, EEG recordings, including time-dependent event-related desynchronization (ERD) signal amplitude in both mu and beta bands, were obtained from the standard C3 (ispilesional hemisphere, IH), C4 (contralesional hemisphere, CH), and Cz scalp sites (supplementary motor area, SMA). The entire ERD curve was separated into three time-phases: P0 (-2 to 0 s), P1 (0 to 2 s), and P2 (2 to 4 s). Four-way and subsequent repeated-measures analyses of variance were used to examine the effects of group (stroke vs. control group), test condition (NoMVF, BMVF, and RMVF), time-phase (P0, P1, and P2), and brain area (IH, CH, SMA) on the ERD areas (%) in mu and beta bands. For the mu band, generally, ERD areas (%) were larger in the control than in the stroke group. The ERD areas (%) were largest under the RMVF condition, followed by BMVF and NoMVF conditions. Similar results were found in the beta bands. The main effects of group, time-phase, and test condition on the ERD areas (%) were significant for the three brain areas, except the main effect of group in the SMA (Cz) and CH (C4) brain area. The ERD areas (%) were larger in the control than in the stroke group. The ERD area (%) was significantly larger during P1 than during P0 and P2 (ps < 0.02), and during P2 than during P0 (ps < 0.01). The ERD area (%) under the RMVF condition was significantly larger than that under the BMVF condition and NoMVF condition (ps < 0.05). The present study suggests that cortical activation particularly in the SMA (Cz) of the brain increases in the RMVF condition in both healthy subjects and stroke patients. This result supports the hypothesis that stroke patients may benefit from RMVF training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Sheng Chang
- Department of Healthcare Administration, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ying Lo
- Department of Healthcare Administration, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Liang Chen
- Department of Physical Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Min Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chi Chiang
- Department of Occupational Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Chia Li
- Department of Occupational Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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22
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Solana-Tramunt M, Ortegón A, Morales J, Nieto A, Nishishinya MB, Villafañe JH. Diagnostic accuracy of lumbopelvic motor control tests using pressure biofeedback unit in professional swimmers: A cross-sectional study. J Orthop 2019; 16:590-595. [PMID: 31686760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypothesis To determine the effect of receiving the visual feedback of the sphygmomanometer on lumbopelvic motor control (LPMC) tests in professional swimmers. Method 31 professional swimmers to participate in the study. The outcome was maximum absolute mmHg variation in the pressure biofeedback unit's manometer with and without visual feedback on four LPMC tests. Results Test scores were significantly affected by visual feedback F = 10.07, p = 0.002, η2 p = 0.117 and the type of test F = 32.53, p < 0.001, η2 p = 0.300. Conclusion Visual feedback has a positive effect on the Active Straight Leg Raise Test (ASLR), the Knee Lift Abdominal Test (KLAT) scores completed by professional swimmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mònica Solana-Tramunt
- Department of Sports Sciences, Ramon Llull University, FPCEE Blanquerna, Barcelona, Spain
- Royal Spanish Swimming Federation, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortegón
- Department of Sports Sciences, Ramon Llull University, FPCEE Blanquerna, Barcelona, Spain
- Lecturer on NSCA Certified Personal Trainer (NSCA-CPT®), Spain
| | - José Morales
- Department of Sports Sciences, Ramon Llull University, FPCEE Blanquerna, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ainhoa Nieto
- Department of Sports Sciences, Ramon Llull University, FPCEE Blanquerna, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Betina Nishishinya
- Department of Sports Sciences, Ramon Llull University, FPCEE Blanquerna, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto Traumatológico Quirón, Spain
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23
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Mohanty S, Pradhan B, Hankey A. Yoga Practices as an Alternative Training for Physical Fitness in Children With Visual Impairment. Adapt Phys Activ Q 2019; 36:431-446. [PMID: 31509796 DOI: 10.1123/apaq.2018-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activities provide fundamental benefits to children's health and well-being. They are vital for development and healthy life, but participation of children with visual impairment is limited. Herein, the authors report results of a 16-wk yoga program, evaluating its effects on physical fitness in children with visual impairment. Eighty-three children age 9-16 years (12.37 ± 2.19) participated in a 2-arm, single-blind wait-list-controlled study at a residential school in south India. Participants (yoga group 41, controls 42) were assessed on muscle strength, flexibility, endurance, coordination, and respiratory health. Significant improvements in physical fitness were observed after the yoga intervention (Group × Time interactions for right-hand grip strength, p < .001; sit-up, p < .001; sit and reach, p < .001; bilateral plate tapping, p < .001; and peak expiratory flow rate, p < .001). Left-hand grip strength showed main effects of time, although there were no Group × Time interactions. Results demonstrate yoga's ability to improve a wide range of physical variables in children with visual impairment.
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Ehrensberger M, Simpson D, Broderick P, Blake C, Horgan F, Hickey P, OʼReilly J, Monaghan K. Unilateral Strength Training and Mirror Therapy in Patients With Chronic Stroke: A Pilot Randomized Trial. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2019; 98:657-665. [PMID: 31318745 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000001162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate the feasibility and potential effectiveness of mirror-aided cross-education compared with cross-education alone in poststroke upper limb recovery. DESIGN A pilot randomized controlled parallel group study was carried out. Thirty-two patients with chronic stroke followed a 4-wk isometric strength training program performed with the less-affected upper limb three times per week. Participants in the mirror and strength training group observed the reflection of the exercising arm in the mirror. Participants in the strength training only group exercised without a mirror entirely. Participant compliance, adverse effects, and suitability of outcome measures assessed feasibility. Effectiveness outcomes included maximal isometric strength measured with the Biodex Dynamometer, the Modified Ashworth Scale, and the Chedoke Arm and Hand Activity Inventory. RESULTS Compliance was high with no adverse effects. The use of the Biodex Dynamometer must be reviewed. Mirror therapy did not augment the cross-education effect (P > 0.05) in patients with chronic stroke when training isometrically. CONCLUSIONS This pilot trial established the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial comparing mirror-aided cross-education with cross-education alone for poststroke upper limb recovery. Mirror therapy did not augment cross-education when training isometrically. However, results indicate that the combination of interventions should be investigated further applying an altered training protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Ehrensberger
- From the Clinical Health & Nutrition Centre (CHANCE), Department of Life Sciences, Institute of Technology, Sligo, Ireland (ME, DS, PB, KM); Physiotherapy & Population Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (CB); Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons Ireland, Dublin, Ireland (FH); and University Hospital, Sligo, Ireland (PH, JO)
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Simpson D, Ehrensberger M, Horgan F, Blake C, Roberts D, Broderick P, Monaghan K. Unilateral dorsiflexor strengthening with mirror therapy to improve motor function after stroke: A pilot randomized study. PHYSIOTHERAPY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 24:e1792. [PMID: 31264770 DOI: 10.1002/pri.1792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Independently, cross-education, the performance improvement of the untrained limb following unilateral training, and mirror therapy have shown to improve lower limb functioning poststroke. Mirror therapy has shown to augment the cross-education effect in healthy populations. However, this concept has not yet been explored in a clinical setting. OBJECTIVES This study set out to investigate the feasibility and potential efficacy of applying cross-education combined with mirror therapy compared with cross-education alone for lower limb recovery poststroke. METHODS Thirty-one chronic stroke participants (age 61.7 ± 13.3) completed either a unilateral strength training (ST; n = 15) or unilateral strength training with mirror-therapy (MST; n = 16) intervention. Both groups isometrically strength trained the less-affected ankle dorsiflexors three times per week for 4 weeks. Only the MST group observed the mirror reflection of the training limb. Patient eligibility, compliance, treatment reliability, and outcome measures were assessed for feasibility. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC; peak torque, rate of torque development, and average torque), 10-m walk test, timed up and go (TUG), Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), and the London Handicap Scale (LHS) were assessed at pretraining and posttraining. RESULTS Treatment and assessments were well tolerated without adverse effects. No between group differences were identified for improvement in MVC, MAS, TUG, or LHS. Only the combined treatment was associated with functional improvements with the MST group showing an increase in walking velocity. CONCLUSION Cross-education plus mirror therapy may have potential for improving motor function after stroke. This study demonstrates the feasibility of the combination treatment and the need for future studies with larger sample sizes to investigate the effectiveness of the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Simpson
- Clinical Health & Nutrition Centre (CHANCE), School of Science, Institute of Technology, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Monika Ehrensberger
- Clinical Health & Nutrition Centre (CHANCE), School of Science, Institute of Technology, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Frances Horgan
- School of Physiotherapy, RCSI (Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland), Dublin, Ireland
| | - Catherine Blake
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sport Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Roberts
- Clinical Health & Nutrition Centre (CHANCE), School of Science, Institute of Technology, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Patrick Broderick
- Clinical Health & Nutrition Centre (CHANCE), School of Science, Institute of Technology, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Kenneth Monaghan
- Clinical Health & Nutrition Centre (CHANCE), School of Science, Institute of Technology, Sligo, Ireland
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Al-Wasity SMH, Pollick F, Sosnowska A, Vuckovic A. Cortical Functional Domains Show Distinctive Oscillatory Dynamic in Bimanual and Mirror Visual Feedback Tasks. Front Comput Neurosci 2019; 13:30. [PMID: 31143108 PMCID: PMC6521734 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2019.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It is believed that Mirror Visual Feedback (MVF) increases the interlimb transfer but the exact mechanism is still a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to compare between a bimanual task (BM) and a MVF task, within functionally rather than geometrically defined cortical domains. Measure Projection Analysis (MPA) approach was applied to compare the dynamic oscillatory activity (event-related synchronization/desynchronization ERS/ERD) between and within domains. EEG was recorded in 14 healthy participants performing a BM and an MVF task with the right hand. The MPA was applied on fitted equivalent current dipoles based on independent components to define domains containing functionally similar areas. The measure of intradomain similarity was a "signed mutual information," a parameter based on the coherence. Domain analysis was performed for joint tasks (BM and MVF) and for each task separately. MVF created 9 functional domains while MB task had only 4 functionally distinctive domains, two over the left hemispheres and two bilateraly. For all domains identified for BM task alone, similar domains could be identified in MVF and joint tasks analysis. In addition MVF had domains related to motor planning on the right hemisphere and to self-recognition of action. For joint tasks analysis, seven domains were identified, with similar functions for the left and the right hand with exception of a domain covering BA32 (self-recognition of action) of the left hand only. In joint task domain analysis, the ERD/ERS showed a larger difference between domains than between tasks. All domains which involved the sensory cortex had a visible beta ERS at the onset of movement, and post movement beta ERS. The frequency of ERD varied between domains. Largest difference between tasks existed in domains responsible for the awareness of action. In conclusion, functionally distinctive domains have different ERD/ERS patterns, similar for both tasks. MVF activates contralateral hemisphere in similar manner to BM movements, while at the same time also activating the ipsilateral hemisphere. Significance: Following stroke cortical activation and interhemispheric inhibition from the contralesional side is reduced. MVF creates stronger ipsilateral activity than BM, which is highly relevant of neurorehabilitation of movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salim M H Al-Wasity
- Rehabiliation Engineering Lab, Biomedical Engineering Research Division, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Department of Computer Science, University of Wasit, Kut, Iraq
| | - Frank Pollick
- School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Sosnowska
- Rehabiliation Engineering Lab, Biomedical Engineering Research Division, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandra Vuckovic
- Rehabiliation Engineering Lab, Biomedical Engineering Research Division, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Pavlidou A, Gallagher M, Lopez C, Ferrè ER. Let's share our perspectives, but only if our body postures match. Cortex 2019; 119:575-579. [PMID: 30910224 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Pavlidou
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LNSC, FR3C, Marseille, France; Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Maria Gallagher
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Elisa R Ferrè
- Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
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Giroux M, Barra J, Zrelli IE, Barraud PA, Cian C, Guerraz M. The respective contributions of visual and proprioceptive afferents to the mirror illusion in virtual reality. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0203086. [PMID: 30161207 PMCID: PMC6117048 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The reflection of passive arm displacement in a mirror is a powerful means of inducing a kinaesthetic illusion in the static arm hidden behind the mirror. Our recent research findings suggest that this illusion is not solely visual in origin but results from the combination of visual and proprioceptive signals from the two arms. To determine the respective contributions of visual and proprioceptive signals to this illusion, we reproduced the mirror paradigm in virtual reality. As in the physical version of the mirror paradigm, one of the participant’s arms (the left arm, in our study) could be flexed or extended passively. This movement was combined with displacements of the avatar’s left and right forearms, as viewed in a first-person perspective through a virtual reality headset. In order to distinguish between visual and proprioceptive contributions, two unimodal conditions were applied separately: displacement of the avatar’s forearms in the absence of physical displacement of the left arm (the visual condition), and displacement of the left forearm while the avatar’s forearms were masked (the proprioceptive condition). Of the 34 female participants included in the study, 28 experienced a kinaesthetic mirror illusion in their static (right) arm. The strength of the illusion (expressed in terms of speed and duration) evoked by the bimodal condition was much higher than that observed in either of the two unimodal conditions. Our present results confirm that the involvement of visual signals in the mirror illusion—often considered as a prototypic visual illusion—has been overstated. The mirror illusion also involves non-visual signals (bilateral proprioceptive-somaesthetic signals, in fact) that interact with the visual signals and strengthen the kinaesthetic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Giroux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France
| | - Julien Barra
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Pierre-Alain Barraud
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble INP, TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble, France
| | - Corinne Cian
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Brétigny sur Orge, France
| | - Michel Guerraz
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, Grenoble, France
- * E-mail:
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29
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Thøgersen M, Hansen J, Arendt-Nielsen L, Flor H, Petrini L. Removing own-limb visual input using mixed reality (MR) produces a "telescoping" illusion in healthy individuals. Behav Brain Res 2018; 347:263-271. [PMID: 29551734 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to assess changes in body perception when visual feedback was removed from the hand and arm with the purpose of resembling the visual deprivation arising from amputation. The illusion was created by removing the visual feedback from the participants' own left forearm using a mixed reality (MR) and green screen environment. Thirty healthy persons (15 female) participated in the study. Each subject experienced two MR conditions, one with and one without visual feedback from the left hand, and a baseline condition with normal vision of the limb (no MR). Body perception was assessed using proprioceptive drift, questionnaires on body perception, and thermal sensitivity measures (cold, warm, heat pain and cold pain detection thresholds). The proprioceptive drift showed a significant shift of the tip of the index finger (p<0.001) towards the elbow in the illusion condition (mean drift: -3.71 cm). Self-report showed a significant decrease in ownership (p<0.001), shift in perceptual distortions, (e.g. "It feels as if my lower arm has become shorter") (p=0.025), and changes in sensations of the hand (tingling, tickling) (p=0.025). A significant decrease was also observed in cold detection threshold (p<0.001), i.e. the detection threshold was cooler than for the control conditions. The proprioceptive drift together with the self-reported questionnaire showed that the participants felt a proximal retraction of their limb, resembling the telescoping experienced by phantom limb patients. The study highlights the influence of missing visual feedback and its possible contribution to phantom limb phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikkel Thøgersen
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), SMI, Dept. of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - John Hansen
- Laboratory for Cardio-Technology, Medical Informatics Group, Dept. of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lars Arendt-Nielsen
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), SMI, Dept. of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Herta Flor
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), SMI, Dept. of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Laura Petrini
- Center for Neuroplasticity and Pain (CNAP), SMI, Dept. of Health Science and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark; Department of Communication & Psychology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
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30
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Spontaneous imitative movements induced by an illusory embodied fake hand. Neuropsychologia 2018; 111:77-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 01/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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31
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Imaizumi S, Asai T, Koyama S. Agency over Phantom Limb Enhanced by Short-Term Mirror Therapy. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:483. [PMID: 29046630 PMCID: PMC5632822 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Most amputees experience phantom limb, whereby they feel that the amputated limb is still present. In some cases, these experiences include pain that can be alleviated by "mirror therapy." Mirror therapy consists of superimposing a mirrored image of the moving intact limb onto the phantom limb. This therapy provides a closed loop between the motor command to the amputated limb and its predicted visual feedback. This loop is also involved in the sense of agency, a feeling of controlling one's own body. However, it is unclear how mirror therapy is related to the sense of agency over a phantom limb. Using mirror therapy, we investigated phantom limb pain and the senses of agency and ownership (i.e., a feeling of having one's own body) of the phantom limb. Nine upper-limb amputees, five of whom reported recent phantom limb pain, underwent a single 15-min trial of mirror therapy. Before and after the trial, the participants completed a questionnaire regarding agency, ownership, and pain related to their phantom limb. They reported that the sense of agency over the phantom limb increased following the mirror therapy trial, while the ownership slightly increased but not as much as did the agency. The reported pain did not change; that is, it was comparably mild before and after the trial. These results suggest that short-term mirror therapy can, at least transiently, selectively enhance the sense of agency over a phantom limb, but may not alleviate phantom limb pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Imaizumi
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Asai
- Cognitive Mechanisms Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinichi Koyama
- School of Art and Design, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.,Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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32
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Marini F, Contu S, Antuvan CW, Morasso P, Masia L. The Influence of External Forces on Wrist Proprioception. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:440. [PMID: 28912703 PMCID: PMC5583607 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Proprioception combines information from cutaneous, joint, tendon, and muscle receptors for maintaining a reliable internal body image. However, it is still a matter of debate, in both neurophysiology and psychology, to what extent such body image is modified or distorted by a changing haptic environment. In particular, what is worth investigating is the contribution of external forces on our perception of body and joint configuration. The proprioceptive acuity of fifteen young participants was tested with a Joint Position Matching (JPM) task, performed with the dominant wrist under five different external forces, in order to understand to what extent they affect proprioceptive acuity. Results show that accuracy and precision in target matching do not change in a significant manner as a function of the loading condition, suggesting that the multi-sensory integration process is indeed capable of discriminating different sub-modalities of proprioception, namely the joint position sense and the sense of force. Furthermore, results indicate a preference for target undershooting when movements are performed in a viscous or high resistive force field, rather than passive or null fields in which subjects did not show any predominance for under/over estimation of their position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Marini
- Motor Learning and Robotic Rehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova, Italy
| | - Sara Contu
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore, Singapore
| | - Chris W Antuvan
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore, Singapore
| | - Pietro Morasso
- Motor Learning and Robotic Rehabilitation Laboratory, Department of Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Istituto Italiano di TecnologiaGenova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Masia
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore, Singapore
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33
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Chancel M, Kavounoudias A, Guerraz M. What's left of the mirror illusion when the mirror can no longer be seen? Bilateral integration of proprioceptive afferents! Neuroscience 2017; 362:118-126. [PMID: 28843995 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent data suggest that manipulating the muscle afferents of one arm affects both ipsilateral and contralateral perceptual estimates. Here, we used the mirror paradigm to study the bimanual integration of kinesthetic muscle afferents. The reflection of a moving hand in a mirror positioned in the sagittal plane creates an illusion of symmetrical bimanual movement. Although vision clearly has a role in kinesthesia, its role in the mirror illusion might have been overestimated. Conversely, the role of bimanual integration of muscle afferents might have been underestimated. We hypothesized that muscle-proprioceptive afferents of the passively displaced arm (the image of which was reflected in the mirror) are involved in this illusion. We evoked in 19 healthy adult participants the mirror illusion by displacing passively their left arm, the image of which was reflected in the mirror. Once participants experienced the illusion that their hidden right arm was moving, we then either occluded their view of the mirror (using occlusive glasses) and/or prevent the passive left arm displacement. Participants' illusion characteristics (duration and kinematic) under these conditions were compared with classical mirror illusion (without visual occlusion). We found that as long as the arm was still moving, the kinesthetic illusion decayed slowly after visual occlusion. These findings suggest that the mirror illusion results from the combination of visuo-proprioceptive signals from the two arms and is not purely visual in origin. Our findings also support the more general concept whereby proprioceptive afferents are integrated bilaterally for the purpose of kinesthesia during bimanual tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Chancel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPNC, F-38000 Grenoble, France; Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, NIA UMR 7260, F-13331 Marseille, France
| | - Anne Kavounoudias
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, NIA UMR 7260, F-13331 Marseille, France
| | - Michel Guerraz
- Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, F-73000 Chambéry, France.
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34
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Radajewska A, Opara J, Biliński G, Kaczorowska A, Nawrat-Szołtysik A, Kucińska A, Lepsy E. Effectiveness of Mirror Therapy for Subacute Stroke in Relation to Chosen Factors. Rehabil Nurs 2017; 42:223-229. [DOI: 10.1002/rnj.275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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35
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Yarossi M, Manuweera T, Adamovich SV, Tunik E. The Effects of Mirror Feedback during Target Directed Movements on Ipsilateral Corticospinal Excitability. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:242. [PMID: 28553218 PMCID: PMC5425477 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mirror visual feedback (MVF) training is a promising technique to promote activation in the lesioned hemisphere following stroke, and aid recovery. However, current outcomes of MVF training are mixed, in part, due to variability in the task undertaken during MVF. The present study investigated the hypothesis that movements directed toward visual targets may enhance MVF modulation of motor cortex (M1) excitability ipsilateral to the trained hand compared to movements without visual targets. Ten healthy subjects participated in a 2 × 2 factorial design in which feedback (veridical, mirror) and presence of a visual target (target present, target absent) for a right index-finger flexion task were systematically manipulated in a virtual environment. To measure M1 excitability, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was applied to the hemisphere ipsilateral to the trained hand to elicit motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in the untrained first dorsal interosseous (FDI) and abductor digiti minimi (ADM) muscles at rest prior to and following each of four 2-min blocks of 30 movements (B1–B4). Targeted movement kinematics without visual feedback was measured before and after training to assess learning and transfer. FDI MEPs were decreased in B1 and B2 when movements were made with veridical feedback and visual targets were absent. FDI MEPs were decreased in B2 and B3 when movements were made with mirror feedback and visual targets were absent. FDI MEPs were increased in B3 when movements were made with mirror feedback and visual targets were present. Significant MEP changes were not present for the uninvolved ADM, suggesting a task-specific effect. Analysis of kinematics revealed learning occurred in visual target-directed conditions, but transfer was not sensitive to mirror feedback. Results are discussed with respect to current theoretical mechanisms underlying MVF-induced changes in ipsilateral excitability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Yarossi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers Biomedical and Health SciencesNewark, NJ, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewark, NJ, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Sciences, Rutgers Biomedical Health SciencesNewark, NJ, USA
| | - Thushini Manuweera
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Rutgers Biomedical and Health SciencesNewark, NJ, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewark, NJ, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Sciences, Rutgers Biomedical Health SciencesNewark, NJ, USA
| | - Sergei V Adamovich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewark, NJ, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation and Movement Sciences, Rutgers Biomedical Health SciencesNewark, NJ, USA
| | - Eugene Tunik
- Department of Physical Therapy, Movement, and Rehabilitation Sciences, Northeastern UniversityBoston, MA, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern UniversityBoston, MA, USA.,Department of Biology, Northeastern UniversityBoston, MA, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Northeastern UniversityBoston, MA, USA
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36
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Llorens R, Borrego A, Palomo P, Cebolla A, Noé E, i Badia SB, Baños R. Body schema plasticity after stroke: Subjective and neurophysiological correlates of the rubber hand illusion. Neuropsychologia 2017; 96:61-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Carteron A, McPartlan K, Gioeli C, Reid E, Turturro M, Hahn B, Benson C, Zhang W. Temporary Nerve Block at Selected Digits Revealed Hand Motor Deficits in Grasping Tasks. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:596. [PMID: 27932964 PMCID: PMC5122577 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral sensory feedback plays a crucial role in ensuring correct motor execution throughout hand grasp control. Previous studies utilized local anesthesia to deprive somatosensory feedback in the digits or hand, observations included sensorimotor deficits at both corticospinal and peripheral levels. However, the questions of how the disturbed and intact sensory input integrate and interact with each other to assist the motor program execution, and whether the motor coordination based on motor output variability between affected and non-affected elements (e.g., digits) becomes interfered by the local sensory deficiency, have not been answered. The current study aims to investigate the effect of peripheral deafferentation through digital nerve blocks at selective digits on motor performance and motor coordination in grasp control. Our results suggested that the absence of somatosensory information induced motor deficits in hand grasp control, as evidenced by reduced maximal force production ability in both local and non-local digits, impairment of force and moment control during object lift and hold, and attenuated motor synergies in stabilizing task performance variables, namely the tangential force and moment of force. These findings implied that individual sensory input is shared across all the digits and the disturbed signal from local sensory channel(s) has a more comprehensive impact on the process of the motor output execution in the sensorimotor integration process. Additionally, a feedback control mechanism with a sensation-based component resides in the formation process for the motor covariation structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Carteron
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Staten Island, City University of New York Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Kerry McPartlan
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Staten Island, City University of New York Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Christina Gioeli
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Staten Island, City University of New York Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Emily Reid
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Staten Island, City University of New York Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Matt Turturro
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Staten Island, City University of New York Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Barry Hahn
- Emergency Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Cynthia Benson
- Emergency Medicine, Staten Island University Hospital Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Staten Island, City University of New YorkStaten Island, NY, USA; Ph.D. Program in Biology, Graduate School and University Center, City University of New YorkNew York, NY, USA
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38
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Debnath R, Franz EA. Perception of hand movement by mirror reflection evokes brain activation in the motor cortex contralateral to a non-moving hand. Cortex 2016; 81:118-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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39
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First Person Perspective of Seated Participants Over a Walking Virtual Body Leads to Illusory Agency Over the Walking. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28879. [PMID: 27364767 PMCID: PMC4929480 DOI: 10.1038/srep28879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Agency, the attribution of authorship to an action of our body, requires the intention to carry out the action, and subsequently a match between its predicted and actual sensory consequences. However, illusory agency can be generated through priming of the action together with perception of bodily action, even when there has been no actual corresponding action. Here we show that participants can have the illusion of agency over the walking of a virtual body even though in reality they are seated and only allowed head movements. The experiment (n = 28) had two factors: Perspective (1PP or 3PP) and Head Sway (Sway or NoSway). Participants in 1PP saw a life-sized virtual body spatially coincident with their own from a first person perspective, or the virtual body from third person perspective (3PP). In the Sway condition the viewpoint included a walking animation, but not in NoSway. The results show strong illusions of body ownership, agency and walking, in the 1PP compared to the 3PP condition, and an enhanced level of arousal while the walking was up a virtual hill. Sway reduced the level of agency. We conclude with a discussion of the results in the light of current theories of agency.
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ZULT TJERK, GOODALL STUART, THOMAS KEVIN, SOLNIK STANISLAW, HORTOBÁGYI TIBOR, HOWATSON GLYN. Mirror Training Augments the Cross-education of Strength and Affects Inhibitory Paths. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016; 48:1001-13. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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41
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Choi SW, Heo S, Hwang CH, Koo KI. Mirror Therapy Using Virtual Reality on the Wrsit of Rheumatoid Arthritis; Pilot Trial. BRAIN & NEUROREHABILITATION 2016. [DOI: 10.12786/bn.2016.9.1.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Seung Won Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Suncheol Heo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Korea
| | - Chang Ho Hwang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Ulsan University Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Korea
| | - Kyo-in Koo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Ulsan, Korea
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Medina J, Khurana P, Coslett HB. The influence of embodiment on multisensory integration using the mirror box illusion. Conscious Cogn 2015; 37:71-82. [PMID: 26320868 DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2015.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We examined the relationship between subcomponents of embodiment and multisensory integration using a mirror box illusion. The participants' left hand was positioned against the mirror, while their right hidden hand was positioned 12″, 6″, or 0″ from the mirror - creating a conflict between visual and proprioceptive estimates of limb position in some conditions. After synchronous tapping, asynchronous tapping, or no movement of both hands, participants gave position estimates for the hidden limb and filled out a brief embodiment questionnaire. We found a relationship between different subcomponents of embodiment and illusory displacement towards the visual estimate. Illusory visual displacement was positively correlated with feelings of deafference in the asynchronous and no movement conditions, whereas it was positive correlated with ratings of visual capture and limb ownership in the synchronous and no movement conditions. These results provide evidence for dissociable contributions of different aspects of embodiment to multisensory integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared Medina
- Department of Psychology, University of Delaware, United States; Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, United States.
| | - Priya Khurana
- Department of Psychology, Haverford College, United States
| | - H Branch Coslett
- Department of Neurology, Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Pennsylvania, United States
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Lee HM, Li PC, Fan SC. Delayed mirror visual feedback presented using a novel mirror therapy system enhances cortical activation in healthy adults. J Neuroeng Rehabil 2015; 12:56. [PMID: 26160599 PMCID: PMC4498534 DOI: 10.1186/s12984-015-0053-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mirror visual feedback (MVF) generated in mirror therapy (MT) with a physical mirror promotes the recovery of hemiparetic limbs in patients with stroke, but is limited in that it cannot provide an asymmetric mode for bimanual coordination training. Here, we developed a novel MT system that can manipulate the MVF to resolve this issue. The aims of this pilot study were to examine the feasibility of delayed MVF on MT and to establish its effects on cortical activation in order to understand how it can be used for clinical applications in the future. Methods Three conditions (no MVF, MVF, and 2-s delayed MVF) presented via our digital MT system were evaluated for their time-course effects on cortical activity by event-related desynchronization (ERD) of mu rhythm electroencephalography (EEG) during button presses in 18 healthy adults. Phasic ERD areas, defined as the areas of the relative ERD curve that were below the reference level and within -2–0 s (P0), 0–2 s (P1), and 2–4 s (P2) of the button press, were used. Results The overall (P0 to P2) and phasic ERD areas were higher when MVF was provided compared to when MVF was not provided for all EEG channels (C3, Cz, and C4). Phasic ERD areas in the P2 phase only increased during the delayed-MVF condition. Significant enhancement of cortical activation in the mirror neuron system and an increase in attention to the unseen limb may play major roles in the response to MVF during MT. In comparison to the no MVF condition, the higher phasic ERD areas that were observed during the P1 phase in the delayed-MVF condition indicate that the image of the still hand may have enhanced the cortical activation that occurred in response to the button press. Conclusions This study is the first to achieve delayed MVF for upper-limb MT. Our approach confirms previous findings regarding the effects of MVF on cortical activation and contributes additional evidence supporting the use of this method in the future for upper-limb motor training in patients with stroke. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12984-015-0053-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Min Lee
- Department of Physical Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China.
| | - Ping-Chia Li
- Department of Occupational Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Chen Fan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Tidoni E, Tieri G, Aglioti SM. Re-establishing the disrupted sensorimotor loop in deafferented and deefferented people: The case of spinal cord injuries. Neuropsychologia 2015; 79:301-9. [PMID: 26115603 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Acting efficiently in the world depends on the activity of motor and somatosensory systems, the integration of which is necessary for the proper functioning of the sensorimotor loop (SL). Profound alterations of SL functioning follow spinal cord injury (SCI), a condition that brings about a disconnection of the body from the brain. Such disconnection creates a substantial deprivation of somatosensorial inputs and motor outputs. Consequent somatic deficits and motor paralysis affect the body below the lesion level. A complete restoration of normal functions of the SL cannot be expected until basic neuroscience has found a way to re-establish the interrupted neural connectivity. Meanwhile, studies should focus on the development of technical solutions for dealing with the disruption of the sensorimotor loop. This review discusses the structural and functional adaptive reorganization of the brain after SCI, and the maladaptive mechanisms that impact on the processing of body related information, which alter motor imagery strategies and EEG signals. Studies that show how residual functions (e.g. face tactile sensitivity) may help people to restore a normal body image are also reviewed. Finally, data on how brain and residual body signals may be used to improve brain computer interface systems is discussed in relation to the issue of how such systems may help SCI people to re-enter the world and interact with objects and other individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tidoni
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy; Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - G Tieri
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy; Braintrends Ltd, Applied Neuroscience, Rome, Italy
| | - S M Aglioti
- Department of Psychology, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy; Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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Koh K, Kwon HJ, Yoon BC, Cho Y, Shin JH, Hahn JO, Miller RH, Kim YH, Shim JK. The role of tactile sensation in online and offline hierarchical control of multi-finger force synergy. Exp Brain Res 2015; 233:2539-48. [PMID: 26019011 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-015-4325-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The hand, one of the most versatile but mechanically redundant parts of the human body, must overcome imperfect motor commands and inherent noise in both the sensory and motor systems in order to produce desired motor actions. For example, it is nearly impossible to produce a perfectly consistent note during a single violin stroke or to produce the exact same note over multiple strokes, which we denote online and offline control, respectively. To overcome these challenges, the central nervous system synergistically integrates multiple sensory modalities and coordinates multiple motor effectors. Among these sensory modalities, tactile sensation plays an important role in manual motor tasks by providing hand-object contact information. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of tactile feedback in individual finger actions and multi-finger interactions during constant force production tasks. We developed analytical techniques for the linear decomposition of the overall variance in the motor system in both online and offline control. We removed tactile feedback from the fingers and demonstrated that tactile sensors played a critical role in the online control of synergistic interactions between fingers. In contrast, the same sensors did not contribute to offline control. We also demonstrated that when tactile feedback was removed from the fingers, the combined motor output of individual fingers did not change while individual finger behaviors did. This finding supports the idea of hierarchical control where individual fingers at the lower level work together to stabilize the performance of combined motor output at the higher level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Koh
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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Zult T, Goodall S, Thomas K, Hortobágyi T, Howatson G. Mirror illusion reduces motor cortical inhibition in the ipsilateral primary motor cortex during forceful unilateral muscle contractions. J Neurophysiol 2015; 113:2262-70. [PMID: 25632077 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00686.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Forceful, unilateral contractions modulate corticomotor paths targeting the resting, contralateral hand. However, it is unknown whether mirror-viewing of a slowly moving but forcefully contracting hand would additionally affect these paths. Here we examined corticospinal excitability and short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) of the right-ipsilateral primary motor cortex (M1) in healthy young adults under no-mirror and mirror conditions at rest and during right wrist flexion at 60% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). During the no-mirror conditions neither hand was visible, whereas in the mirror conditions participants looked at the right hand's reflection in the mirror. Corticospinal excitability increased during contractions in the left flexor carpi radialis (FCR) (contraction 0.41 mV vs. rest 0.21 mV) and extensor carpi radialis (ECR) (contraction 0.56 mV vs. rest 0.39 mV), but there was no mirror effect (FCR: P = 0.743, ηp (2) = 0.005; ECR: P = 0.712, ηp (2) = 0.005). However, mirror-viewing of the contracting and moving wrist attenuated SICI relative to test pulse in the left FCR by ∼9% compared with the other conditions (P < 0.05, d ≥ 0.62). Electromyographic activity in the resting left hand prior to stimulation was not affected by the mirror (FCR: P = 0.255, ηp (2) = 0.049; ECR: P = 0.343, ηp (2) = 0.035) but increased twofold during contractions. Thus viewing the moving hand in the mirror and not just the mirror image of the nonmoving hand seems to affect motor cortical inhibitory networks in the M1 associated with the mirror image. Future studies should determine whether the use of a mirror could increase interlimb transfer produced by cross-education, especially in patient groups with unilateral orthopedic and neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjerk Zult
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Stuart Goodall
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom; and
| | - Kevin Thomas
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom; and
| | - Tibor Hortobágyi
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom; and
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom; and Water Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Tieri G, Tidoni E, Pavone EF, Aglioti SM. Mere observation of body discontinuity affects perceived ownership and vicarious agency over a virtual hand. Exp Brain Res 2015; 233:1247-59. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-015-4202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Butorina A, Prokofyev A, Nazarova M, Litvak V, Stroganova T. The mirror illusion induces high gamma oscillations in the absence of movement. Neuroimage 2014; 103:181-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Deconinck FJA, Smorenburg ARP, Benham A, Ledebt A, Feltham MG, Savelsbergh GJP. Reflections on Mirror Therapy. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2014; 29:349-61. [DOI: 10.1177/1545968314546134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Mirror visual feedback (MVF), a phenomenon where movement of one limb is perceived as movement of the other limb, has the capacity to alleviate phantom limb pain or promote motor recovery of the upper limbs after stroke. The tool has received great interest from health professionals; however, a clear understanding of the mechanisms underlying the neural recovery owing to MVF is lacking. Objective. We performed a systematic review to assess the effect of MVF on brain activation during a motor task. Methods. We searched PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE databases for neuroimaging studies investigating the effect of MVF on the brain. Key details for each study regarding participants, imaging methods, and results were extracted. Results. The database search yielded 347 article, of which we identified 33 suitable for inclusion. Compared with a control condition, MVF increases neural activity in areas involved with allocation of attention and cognitive control (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, S1 and S2, precuneus). Apart from activation in the superior temporal gyrus and premotor cortex, there is little evidence that MVF activates the mirror neuron system. MVF increases the excitability of the ipsilateral primary motor cortex (M1) that projects to the “untrained” hand/arm. There is also evidence for ipsilateral projections from the contralateral M1 to the untrained/affected hand as a consequence of training with MVF. Conclusion. MVF can exert a strong influence on the motor network, mainly through increased cognitive penetration in action control, though the variance in methodology and the lack of studies that shed light on the functional connectivity between areas still limit insight into the actual underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alex Benham
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford, UK
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Avanzino L, Raffo A, Pelosin E, Ogliastro C, Marchese R, Ruggeri P, Abbruzzese G. Training based on mirror visual feedback influences transcallosal communication. Eur J Neurosci 2014; 40:2581-8. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Avanzino
- Department of Experimental Medicine; Section of Human Physiology and Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
| | - Alessia Raffo
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
| | - Elisa Pelosin
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
| | - Carla Ogliastro
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
| | - Roberta Marchese
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
| | - Piero Ruggeri
- Department of Experimental Medicine; Section of Human Physiology and Centro Polifunzionale di Scienze Motorie; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
| | - Giovanni Abbruzzese
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Child Health; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
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