1
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Nakagawa N, Iwasato T. Activity-dependent dendrite patterning in the postnatal barrel cortex. Front Neural Circuits 2024; 18:1409993. [PMID: 38827189 PMCID: PMC11140076 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2024.1409993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
For neural circuit construction in the brain, coarse neuronal connections are assembled prenatally following genetic programs, being reorganized postnatally by activity-dependent mechanisms to implement area-specific computational functions. Activity-dependent dendrite patterning is a critical component of neural circuit reorganization, whereby individual neurons rearrange and optimize their presynaptic partners. In the rodent primary somatosensory cortex (barrel cortex), driven by thalamocortical inputs, layer 4 (L4) excitatory neurons extensively remodel their basal dendrites at neonatal stages to ensure specific responses of barrels to the corresponding individual whiskers. This feature of barrel cortex L4 neurons makes them an excellent model, significantly contributing to unveiling the activity-dependent nature of dendrite patterning and circuit reorganization. In this review, we summarize recent advances in our understanding of the activity-dependent mechanisms underlying dendrite patterning. Our focus lays on the mechanisms revealed by in vivo time-lapse imaging, and the role of activity-dependent Golgi apparatus polarity regulation in dendrite patterning. We also discuss the type of neuronal activity that could contribute to dendrite patterning and hence connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Mammalian Neural Circuits, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
- Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Japan
| | - Takuji Iwasato
- Laboratory of Mammalian Neural Circuits, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
- Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Japan
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2
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Rani A. RAR-related orphan receptor alpha and the staggerer mice: a fine molecular story. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1300729. [PMID: 38766309 PMCID: PMC11099308 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1300729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The retinoic acid-related orphan receptor alpha (RORα) protein first came into the limelight due to a set of staggerer mice, discovered at the Jackson Laboratories in the United States of America by Sidman, Lane, and Dickie (1962) and genetically deciphered by Hamilton et al. in 1996. These staggerer mice exhibited cerebellar defects, an ataxic gait, a stagger along with several other developmental abnormalities, compensatory mechanisms, and, most importantly, a deletion of 160 kilobases (kb), encompassing the RORα ligand binding domain (LBD). The discovery of the staggerer mice and the subsequent discovery of a loss of the LBD within the RORα gene of these mice at the genetic level clearly indicated that RORα's LBD played a crucial role in patterning during embryogenesis. Moreover, a chance study by Roffler-Tarlov and Sidman (1978) noted reduced concentrations of glutamic acid levels in the staggerer mice, indicating a possible role for the essence of a nutritionally balanced diet. The sequential organisation of the building blocks of intact genes, requires the nucleotide bases of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA): purines and pyrimidines, both of which are synthesized, upon a constant supply of glutamine, an amino acid fortified in a balanced diet and a byproduct of the carbohydrate and lipid metabolic pathways. A nutritionally balanced diet, along with a metabolic "enzymatic machinery" devoid of mutations/aberrations, was essential in the uninterrupted transcription of RORα during embryogenesis. In addition to the above, following translation, a ligand-responsive RORα acts as a "molecular circadian regulator" during embryogenesis and not only is expressed selectively and differentially, but also promotes differential activity depending on the anatomical and pathological site of its expression. RORα is highly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) and the endocrine organs. Additionally, RORα and the clock genes are core components of the circadian rhythmicity, with the expression of RORα fluctuating in a night-day-night sigmoidal pattern and undoubtedly serves as an endocrine-like, albeit "molecular-circadian regulator". Melatonin, a circadian hormone, along with tri-iodothyronine and some steroid hormones are known to regulate RORα-mediated molecular activity, with each of these hormones themselves being regulated rhythmically by the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA). The HPA regulates the circadian rhythm and cyclical release of hormones, in a self-regulatory feedback loop. Irregular sleep-wake patterns affect circadian rhythmicity and the ability of the immune system to withstand infections. The staggerer mice with their thinner bones, an altered skeletal musculature, an aberrant metabolic profile, the ataxic gait and an underdeveloped cerebellar cortex; exhibited compensatory mechanisms, that not only allowed the survival of the staggerer mice, but also enhanced protection from microbial invasions and resistance to high-fat-diet induced obesity. This review has been compiled in its present form, more than 14 years later after a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) cloning and sequencing methodology helped me identify signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5) target sequences, one of which was mapped to the first intron of the RORα gene. The 599-base-long sequence containing one consensus TTCNNNGAA (TTCN3GAA) gamma-activated sequence (GAS) and five other non-consensus TTN5AA sequences had been identified from the clones isolated from the STAT5 target sites (fragments) in human phytohemagglutinin-activated CD8+ T lymphocytes, during my doctoral studies between 2006 and 2009. Most importantly, preliminary studies noted a unique RORα expression profile, during a time-course study on the ribonucleic acid (RNA), extracted from human phytohemagglutinin (PHA) activated CD8+ T lymphocytes stimulated with interleukin-2 (IL-2). This review mainly focuses on the "staggerer mice" with one of its first roles materialising during embryogenesis, a molecular-endocrine mediated circadian-like regulatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aradhana Rani
- Medical Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India
- Human Resource Development and Management, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur, West Bengal, India
- Immunology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
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3
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Zhou J, Zhang Z, Wu M, Liu H, Pang Y, Bartlett A, Peng Z, Ding W, Rivkin A, Lagos WN, Williams E, Lee CT, Miyazaki PA, Aldridge A, Zeng Q, Salinda JLA, Claffey N, Liem M, Fitzpatrick C, Boggeman L, Yao Z, Smith KA, Tasic B, Altshul J, Kenworthy MA, Valadon C, Nery JR, Castanon RG, Patne NS, Vu M, Rashid M, Jacobs M, Ito T, Osteen J, Emerson N, Lee J, Cho S, Rink J, Huang HH, Pinto-Duartec A, Dominguez B, Smith JB, O'Connor C, Zeng H, Chen S, Lee KF, Mukamel EA, Jin X, Margarita Behrens M, Ecker JR, Callaway EM. Brain-wide correspondence of neuronal epigenomics and distant projections. Nature 2023; 624:355-365. [PMID: 38092919 PMCID: PMC10719087 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06823-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell analyses parse the brain's billions of neurons into thousands of 'cell-type' clusters residing in different brain structures1. Many cell types mediate their functions through targeted long-distance projections allowing interactions between specific cell types. Here we used epi-retro-seq2 to link single-cell epigenomes and cell types to long-distance projections for 33,034 neurons dissected from 32 different regions projecting to 24 different targets (225 source-to-target combinations) across the whole mouse brain. We highlight uses of these data for interrogating principles relating projection types to transcriptomics and epigenomics, and for addressing hypotheses about cell types and connections related to genetics. We provide an overall synthesis with 926 statistical comparisons of discriminability of neurons projecting to each target for every source. We integrate this dataset into the larger BRAIN Initiative Cell Census Network atlas, composed of millions of neurons, to link projection cell types to consensus clusters. Integration with spatial transcriptomics further assigns projection-enriched clusters to smaller source regions than the original dissections. We exemplify this by presenting in-depth analyses of projection neurons from the hypothalamus, thalamus, hindbrain, amygdala and midbrain to provide insights into properties of those cell types, including differentially expressed genes, their associated cis-regulatory elements and transcription-factor-binding motifs, and neurotransmitter use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingtian Zhou
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zhuzhu Zhang
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - May Wu
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hanqing Liu
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Yan Pang
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Anna Bartlett
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zihao Peng
- School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology and Application, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wubin Ding
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Angeline Rivkin
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Will N Lagos
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Elora Williams
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cheng-Ta Lee
- Peptide Biology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paula Assakura Miyazaki
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Andrew Aldridge
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Qiurui Zeng
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J L Angelo Salinda
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Naomi Claffey
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Liem
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Conor Fitzpatrick
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lara Boggeman
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Zizhen Yao
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Jordan Altshul
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mia A Kenworthy
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Cynthia Valadon
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joseph R Nery
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rosa G Castanon
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Neelakshi S Patne
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Minh Vu
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Mohammad Rashid
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Matthew Jacobs
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tony Ito
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Julia Osteen
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nora Emerson
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jasper Lee
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Silvia Cho
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jon Rink
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hsiang-Hsuan Huang
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - António Pinto-Duartec
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bertha Dominguez
- Peptide Biology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jared B Smith
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Carolyn O'Connor
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Shengbo Chen
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology and Application, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- School of Computer and Information Engineering, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Kuo-Fen Lee
- Peptide Biology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Eran A Mukamel
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Xin Jin
- Center for Motor Control and Disease, Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- NYU-ECNU Institute of Brain and Cognitive Science, New York University Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - M Margarita Behrens
- Computational Neurobiology Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joseph R Ecker
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Edward M Callaway
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Systems Neurobiology Laboratories, The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Nakagawa N, Iwasato T. Golgi polarity shift instructs dendritic refinement in the neonatal cortex by mediating NMDA receptor signaling. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112843. [PMID: 37516101 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic refinement is a critical component of activity-dependent neuronal circuit maturation, through which individual neurons establish specific connectivity with their target axons. Here, we demonstrate that the developmental shift of Golgi polarity is a key process in dendritic refinement. During neonatal development, the Golgi apparatus in layer 4 spiny stellate (SS) neurons in the mouse barrel cortex lose their original apical positioning and acquire laterally polarized distributions. This lateral Golgi polarity, which is oriented toward the barrel center, peaks on postnatal days 5-7 (P5-P7) and disappears by P15, which aligns with the developmental time course of SS neuron dendritic refinement. Genetic ablation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, key players in dendritic refinement, disturbs the lateral Golgi polarity. Golgi polarity manipulation disrupts the asymmetric dendritic projection pattern and the primary-whisker-specific response of SS neurons. Our results elucidate activity-dependent Golgi dynamics and their critical role in developmental neuronal circuit refinement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Mammalian Neural Circuits, National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan; Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.
| | - Takuji Iwasato
- Laboratory of Mammalian Neural Circuits, National Institute of Genetics (NIG), Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan; Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan.
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5
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Wang CF, Yang JW, Zhuang ZH, Hsing HW, Luhmann HJ, Chou SJ. Activity-dependent feedback regulation of thalamocortical axon development by Lhx2 in cortical layer 4 neurons. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:1693-1707. [PMID: 35512682 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Establishing neuronal circuits requires interactions between pre- and postsynaptic neurons. While presynaptic neurons were shown to play instructive roles for the postsynaptic neurons, how postsynaptic neurons provide feedback to regulate the presynaptic neuronal development remains elusive. To elucidate the mechanisms for circuit formation, we study the development of barrel cortex (the primary sensory cortex, S1), whose development is instructed by presynaptic thalamocortical axons (TCAs). In the first postnatal weeks, TCA terminals arborize in layer (L) 4 to fill in the barrel center, but it is unclear how TCA development is regulated. Here, we reported that the deletion of Lhx2 specifically in the cortical neurons in the conditional knockout (cKO) leads to TCA arborization defects, which is accompanied with deficits in sensory-evoked and spontaneous cortical activities and impaired lesion-induced plasticity following early whisker follicle ablation. Reintroducing Lhx2 back in L4 neurons in cKO ameliorated TCA arborization and plasticity defects. By manipulating L4 neuronal activity, we further demonstrated that Lhx2 induces TCA arborization via an activity-dependent mechanism. Additionally, we identified the extracellular signaling protein Sema7a as an activity-dependent downstream target of Lhx2 in regulating TCA branching. Thus, we discovered a bottom-up feedback mechanism for the L4 neurons to regulate TCA development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Fang Wang
- Neuroscience Program of Academia Sinica (NPAS), Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jenq-Wei Yang
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Zi-Hui Zhuang
- Neuroscience Program of Academia Sinica (NPAS), Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Wei Hsing
- Neuroscience Program of Academia Sinica (NPAS), Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Heiko J Luhmann
- Institute of Physiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Shen-Ju Chou
- Neuroscience Program of Academia Sinica (NPAS), Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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6
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Daniel S, Wimpory D, Delafield-Butt JT, Malloch S, Holck U, Geretsegger M, Tortora S, Osborne N, Schögler B, Koch S, Elias-Masiques J, Howorth MC, Dunbar P, Swan K, Rochat MJ, Schlochtermeier R, Forster K, Amos P. Rhythmic Relating: Bidirectional Support for Social Timing in Autism Therapies. Front Psychol 2022; 13:793258. [PMID: 35693509 PMCID: PMC9186469 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.793258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We propose Rhythmic Relating for autism: a system of supports for friends, therapists, parents, and educators; a system which aims to augment bidirectional communication and complement existing therapeutic approaches. We begin by summarizing the developmental significance of social timing and the social-motor-synchrony challenges observed in early autism. Meta-analyses conclude the early primacy of such challenges, yet cite the lack of focused therapies. We identify core relational parameters in support of social-motor-synchrony and systematize these using the communicative musicality constructs: pulse; quality; and narrative. Rhythmic Relating aims to augment the clarity, contiguity, and pulse-beat of spontaneous behavior by recruiting rhythmic supports (cues, accents, turbulence) and relatable vitality; facilitating the predictive flow and just-ahead-in-time planning needed for good-enough social timing. From here, we describe possibilities for playful therapeutic interaction, small-step co-regulation, and layered sensorimotor integration. Lastly, we include several clinical case examples demonstrating the use of Rhythmic Relating within four different therapeutic approaches (Dance Movement Therapy, Improvisational Music Therapy, Play Therapy, and Musical Interaction Therapy). These clinical case examples are introduced here and several more are included in the Supplementary Material (Examples of Rhythmic Relating in Practice). A suite of pilot intervention studies is proposed to assess the efficacy of combining Rhythmic Relating with different therapeutic approaches in playful work with individuals with autism. Further experimental hypotheses are outlined, designed to clarify the significance of certain key features of the Rhythmic Relating approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Daniel
- British Association of Play Therapists, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dawn Wimpory
- BCU Health Board (NHS), Bangor, United Kingdom
- School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan T. Delafield-Butt
- Laboratory for Innovation in Autism, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- School of Education, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Malloch
- Westmead Psychotherapy Program, School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ulla Holck
- Music Therapy, Department of Communication and Psychology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Monika Geretsegger
- The Grieg Academy Music Therapy Research Centre, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Suzi Tortora
- Dancing Dialogue, LCAT, New York, NY, United States
| | - Nigel Osborne
- Department of Music, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Benjaman Schögler
- Perception Movement Action Research Consortium, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sabine Koch
- Research Institute for Creative Arts Therapies, Alanus University, Alfter, Germany
- School of Therapy Sciences, Creative Arts Therapies, SRH University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Judit Elias-Masiques
- BCU Health Board (NHS), Bangor, United Kingdom
- School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Karrie Swan
- Department of Counseling, Leadership, and Special Education, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, United States
| | - Magali J. Rochat
- Functional and Molecular Neuroimaging Unit, IRCCS Istituto delle Scienze Neurologiche di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Katharine Forster
- BCU Health Board (NHS), Bangor, United Kingdom
- School of Human and Behavioural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, United Kingdom
| | - Pat Amos
- Independent Researcher, Ardmore, PA, United States
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7
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Iwasato T. In vivo imaging of neural circuit formation in the neonatal mouse barrel cortex. Dev Growth Differ 2020; 62:476-486. [DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Iwasato
- Laboratory of Mammalian Neural Circuits National Institute of Genetics Mishima Japan
- Department of Genetics SOKENDAI Mishima Japan
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8
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Clark EA, Rutlin M, Capano LS, Aviles S, Saadon JR, Taneja P, Zhang Q, Bullis JB, Lauer T, Myers E, Schulmann A, Forrest D, Nelson SB. Cortical RORβ is required for layer 4 transcriptional identity and barrel integrity. eLife 2020; 9:e52370. [PMID: 32851975 PMCID: PMC7492084 DOI: 10.7554/elife.52370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor beta (RORβ) is a transcription factor (TF) and marker of layer 4 (L4) neurons, which are distinctive both in transcriptional identity and the ability to form aggregates such as barrels in rodent somatosensory cortex. However, the relationship between transcriptional identity and L4 cytoarchitecture is largely unknown. We find RORβ is required in the cortex for L4 aggregation into barrels and thalamocortical afferent (TCA) segregation. Interestingly, barrel organization also degrades with age in wildtype mice. Loss of RORβ delays excitatory input and disrupts gene expression and chromatin accessibility, with down-regulation of L4 and up-regulation of L5 genes, suggesting a disruption in cellular specification. Expression and binding site accessibility change for many other TFs, including closure of neurodevelopmental TF binding sites and increased expression and binding capacity of activity-regulated TFs. Lastly, a putative target of RORβ, Thsd7a, is down-regulated without RORβ, and Thsd7a knock-out alone disrupts TCA organization in adult barrels.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Surface/chemistry
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- Female
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/chemistry
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Neurons/chemistry
- Neurons/cytology
- Neurons/metabolism
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 2/chemistry
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 2/genetics
- Nuclear Receptor Subfamily 1, Group F, Member 2/metabolism
- Somatosensory Cortex/chemistry
- Somatosensory Cortex/cytology
- Somatosensory Cortex/metabolism
- Somatosensory Cortex/physiology
- Thalamus/chemistry
- Thalamus/metabolism
- Transcription Factors/chemistry
- Transcription Factors/genetics
- Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Transcriptome/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin A Clark
- Department of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | - Michael Rutlin
- Department of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | - Lucia S Capano
- Department of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | - Samuel Aviles
- Department of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | - Jordan R Saadon
- Department of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | - Praveen Taneja
- Department of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | - Qiyu Zhang
- Department of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | - James B Bullis
- Department of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | - Timothy Lauer
- Department of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | - Emma Myers
- Department of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
| | | | - Douglas Forrest
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institutes of Health, NIDDKBethesdaUnited States
| | - Sacha B Nelson
- Department of Biology and Program in Neuroscience, Brandeis UniversityWalthamUnited States
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9
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Lipiec MA, Bem J, Koziński K, Chakraborty C, Urban-Ciećko J, Zajkowski T, Dąbrowski M, Szewczyk ŁM, Toval A, Ferran JL, Nagalski A, Wiśniewska MB. TCF7L2 regulates postmitotic differentiation programmes and excitability patterns in the thalamus. Development 2020; 147:dev.190181. [PMID: 32675279 PMCID: PMC7473649 DOI: 10.1242/dev.190181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal phenotypes are controlled by terminal selector transcription factors in invertebrates, but only a few examples of such regulators have been provided in vertebrates. We hypothesised that TCF7L2 regulates different stages of postmitotic differentiation in the thalamus, and functions as a thalamic terminal selector. To investigate this hypothesis, we used complete and conditional knockouts of Tcf7l2 in mice. The connectivity and clustering of neurons were disrupted in the thalamo-habenular region in Tcf7l2-/- embryos. The expression of subregional thalamic and habenular transcription factors was lost and region-specific cell migration and axon guidance genes were downregulated. In mice with a postnatal Tcf7l2 knockout, the induction of genes that confer thalamic terminal electrophysiological features was impaired. Many of these genes proved to be direct targets of TCF7L2. The role of TCF7L2 in terminal selection was functionally confirmed by impaired firing modes in thalamic neurons in the mutant mice. These data corroborate the existence of master regulators in the vertebrate brain that control stage-specific genetic programmes and regional subroutines, maintain regional transcriptional network during embryonic development, and induce terminal selection postnatally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Andrzej Lipiec
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.,Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Miecznikowa 1, 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Bem
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kamil Koziński
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Chaitali Chakraborty
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Tomasz Zajkowski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Dąbrowski
- Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Pasteur 3, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Angel Toval
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and IMIB-Arrixaca Institute, Campus de la Salud, 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Luis Ferran
- Department of Human Anatomy and Psychobiology, School of Medicine, University of Murcia and IMIB-Arrixaca Institute, Campus de la Salud, 30120 El Palmar, Murcia, Spain
| | - Andrzej Nagalski
- Centre of New Technologies, University of Warsaw, Banacha 2, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
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10
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Erzurumlu RS, Gaspar P. How the Barrel Cortex Became a Working Model for Developmental Plasticity: A Historical Perspective. J Neurosci 2020; 40:6460-6473. [PMID: 32817388 PMCID: PMC7486654 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0582-20.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
For half a century now, the barrel cortex of common laboratory rodents has been an exceptionally useful model for studying the formation of topographically organized maps, neural patterning, and plasticity, both in development and in maturity. We present a historical perspective on how barrels were discovered, and how thereafter, they became a workhorse for developmental neuroscientists and for studies on brain plasticity and activity-dependent modeling of brain circuits. What is particularly remarkable about this sensory system is a cellular patterning that is induced by signals derived from the sensory receptors surrounding the snout whiskers and transmitted centrally to the brainstem (barrelettes), the thalamus (barreloids), and the neocortex (barrels). Injury to the sensory receptors shortly after birth leads to predictable pattern alterations at all levels of the system. Mouse genetics have increased our understanding of how barrels are constructed and revealed the interplay of the molecular programs that direct axon growth and cell specification, with activity-dependent mechanisms. There is an ever-rising interest in this sensory system as a neurobiological model to study development of somatotopy, patterning, and plasticity at both the morphologic and physiological levels. This article is part of a group of articles commemorating the 50th anniversary of the Society for Neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reha S Erzurumlu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Patricia Gaspar
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Paris Brain Institute, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France 75013
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11
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Nakagawa Y. Development of the thalamus: From early patterning to regulation of cortical functions. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2019; 8:e345. [PMID: 31034163 DOI: 10.1002/wdev.345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The thalamus is a brain structure of the vertebrate diencephalon that plays a central role in regulating diverse functions of the cerebral cortex. In traditional view of vertebrate neuroanatomy, the thalamus includes three regions, dorsal thalamus, ventral thalamus, and epithalamus. Recent molecular embryological studies have redefined the thalamus and the associated axial nomenclature of the diencephalon in the context of forebrain patterning. This new view has provided a useful conceptual framework for studies on molecular mechanisms of patterning, neurogenesis and fate specification in the thalamus as well as the guidance mechanisms for thalamocortical axons. Additionally, the availability of genetic tools in mice has led to important findings on how thalamic development is linked to the development of other brain regions, particularly the cerebral cortex. This article will give an overview of the organization of the embryonic thalamus and how progenitor cells in the thalamus generate neurons that are organized into discrete nuclei. I will then discuss how thalamic development is orchestrated with the development of the cerebral cortex and other brain regions. This article is categorized under: Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: Regional Development Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: General Principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasushi Nakagawa
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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12
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Iwasato T, Erzurumlu RS. Development of tactile sensory circuits in the CNS. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2018; 53:66-75. [PMID: 29908482 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Molecular identification of neuronal types and genetic and imaging approaches to characterize their properties reveal morphological, physiological and dynamic aspects of sensory circuit development. Here we focus on the mouse tactile sensory circuitry, with particular emphasis on the main trigeminal pathway that connects the whiskers, the major tactile organ in rodents, to the neocortex. At each level of this pathway, neurogenesis, axonal elongation, pathfinding, target recognition and circuit reorganization including dendritic refinement of cortical layer 4 neurons occur contemporaneously and a multitude of molecular signals are used in differing combinations. We highlight recent advances in development of tactile circuitry and note gaps in our understanding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuji Iwasato
- National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan; Department of Genetics, SOKENDAI, Mishima, Japan
| | - Reha S Erzurumlu
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Vitalis T, Mariani J. Retinoid receptor-related orphan receptor alpha: a key gene setting brain circuits. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:791-794. [PMID: 29862999 PMCID: PMC5998629 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.232462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The retinoid receptor-related orphan receptor alpha (RORα) is thought to act as a constitutive activator of transcription by binding to the ROR response element (RORE) of target genes. Several mouse models in which RORα is defective have revealed the decisive roles of RORα on the development, maturation and neuroprotection of various cerebral regions including the cerebellar and somatosensory systems. We have recently shown that RORα is needed for accurate thalamic sensory system organization and somatosensory cortex development. The phenotype of various RORα deficient mice models (staggerer mutant or mouse lacking RORα in specific somatosensory regions) is, in part, reminiscent of what has been described in mice lacking thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3). As in in vitro studies or in other models, our studies strongly suggest that the T3/RORα-pathway, among others, is in part responsible for the staggerer phenotype. We have indeed identified some genes that were both regulated by T3 and RORα and that are known to be implicated in the cerebellar or somatosensory system development. Moreover, several groups have shown that RORα is at the crossroad of many biological processes and pathologies, including psychiatric and degenerative disorders. In particular, defective RORα-signalling has been demonstrated in humans to be associated with the emergence of autistic-like disorders. We believe that determining the appropriate amount of RORα activity could be crucial in detecting and preventing the emergence of specific brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Vitalis
- PROTECT, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris Diderot; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Jean Mariani
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Université; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8256, Institut de Biologie de Paris Seine (IBPS), Biological adaptation and ageing (B2A), Team Brain Development, Repair and Ageing; Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Départements Hospitalo-Universitaires FAST, Institut de la Longévité, Ivry-Sur-Seine, France
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