1
|
Hossu G, Fantin L, Charroud C, Felblinger J, Jacquot M, Ceyte H. Neural mechanisms of odour imagery induced by non-figurative visual cues. Neuropsychologia 2024; 196:108836. [PMID: 38373518 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Odour imagery, the ability to experience smell when an appropriate stimulus is absent, has widely been documented as being particularly difficult. However, previous studies have shown the beneficial effect of visual cues (e.g., pictures or words) to facilitate performance in numerous tasks of olfactory nature. Therefore, the use of visual cues to evoke odours seems relevant. In this study, our interest is directed towards non-figurative coloured arrangements, which result from a patented technology and aim at chromatically representing any smell from its chemical composition and sensory description. The aim of this study was to characterise the neural mechanisms of odour imagery facilitated by these non-figurative coloured arrangements. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we recorded and compared hemodynamic responses during odour imagery facilitated by non-figurative coloured arrangements and pictures. Our findings reveal that the use of non-figurative coloured arrangements during odour imagery solicits olfactory and non-olfactory brain regions (orbitofrontal cortex, insula, hippocampus, thalamus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and supplementary motor area), which are mainly involved in olfactory processing and multimodal integration. Moreover, very similar cortical activity was found between the use of non-figurative coloured arrangements and pictures during odour imagery, with increased activity in the supplementary motor area during the use of coloured arrangements only. Overall, non-figurative coloured arrangements could become a robust tool to visually evoke odours without requiring prior familiarity with the depicted odour. Future studies should use psychometric measures to determine the relationships between brain activation, odour imagery ability and vividness of the generated odour images.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Hossu
- CHRU-Nancy, Inserm, Université de Lorraine, CIC, Innovation Technologique, F-54000, Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, Inserm, IADI, F-54000, Nancy, France.
| | - Luca Fantin
- Université de Lorraine, Inserm, IADI, F-54000, Nancy, France; Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM, Marseille, France
| | - Céline Charroud
- Unité de recherche sur les comportements et mouvements anormaux (URCMA, IGF, INSERM U661 UMR 5203), Department of Neurosurgery, Montpellier University Hospital Center, Gui de Chauliac Hospital, University of Montpellier, F-34000, Montpellier, France; Unité de pathologie cérébrale résistante, Department of Neurosurgery, Montpellier University Hospital Center, F-34000, Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques Felblinger
- CHRU-Nancy, Inserm, Université de Lorraine, CIC, Innovation Technologique, F-54000, Nancy, France; Université de Lorraine, Inserm, IADI, F-54000, Nancy, France
| | - Muriel Jacquot
- Givaudan France SAS, 43 voie des bans, 95100, Argenteuil Cedex, France
| | - Hadrien Ceyte
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS, ISM, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Okumura T, Kida I, Yokoi A, Nakai T, Nishimoto S, Touhara K, Okamoto M. Semantic context-dependent neural representations of odors in the human piriform cortex revealed by 7T MRI. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26681. [PMID: 38656060 PMCID: PMC11041378 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Olfactory perception depends not only on olfactory inputs but also on semantic context. Although multi-voxel activity patterns of the piriform cortex, a part of the primary olfactory cortex, have been shown to represent odor perception, it remains unclear whether semantic contexts modulate odor representation in this region. Here, we investigated whether multi-voxel activity patterns in the piriform cortex change when semantic context modulates odor perception and, if so, whether the modulated areas communicate with brain regions involved in semantic and memory processing beyond the piriform cortex. We also explored regional differences within the piriform cortex, which are influenced by olfactory input and semantic context. We used 2 × 2 combinations of word labels and odorants that were perceived as congruent and measured piriform activity with a 1-mm isotropic resolution using 7T MRI. We found that identical odorants labeled with different words were perceived differently. This labeling effect was observed in multi-voxel activity patterns in the piriform cortex, as the searchlight decoding analysis distinguished identical odors with different labels for half of the examined stimulus pairs. Significant functional connectivity was observed between parts of the piriform cortex that were modulated by labels and regions associated with semantic and memory processing. While the piriform multi-voxel patterns evoked by different olfactory inputs were also distinguishable, the decoding accuracy was significant for only one stimulus pair, preventing definitive conclusions regarding the locational differences between areas influenced by word labels and olfactory inputs. These results suggest that multi-voxel patterns of piriform activity can be modulated by semantic context, possibly due to communication between the piriform cortex and the semantic and memory regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Okumura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)OsakaJapan
| | - Ikuhiro Kida
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)OsakaJapan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Atsushi Yokoi
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)OsakaJapan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Tomoya Nakai
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)OsakaJapan
| | - Shinji Nishimoto
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)OsakaJapan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Kazushige Touhara
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
- International Research Center for Neurointelligence (WPI‐IRCN), Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Masako Okamoto
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rekow D, Baudouin JY, Durand K, Leleu A. Smell what you hardly see: Odors assist visual categorization in the human brain. Neuroimage 2022; 255:119181. [PMID: 35413443 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual categorization is the brain ability to rapidly and automatically respond to a certain category of inputs. Whether category-selective neural responses are purely visual or can be influenced by other sensory modalities remains unclear. Here, we test whether odors modulate visual categorization, expecting that odors facilitate the neural categorization of congruent visual objects, especially when the visual category is ambiguous. Scalp electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded while natural images depicting various objects were displayed in rapid 12-Hz streams (i.e., 12 images / second) and variable exemplars of a target category (either human faces, cars, or facelike objects in dedicated sequences) were interleaved every 9th stimulus to tag category-selective responses at 12/9 = 1.33 Hz in the EEG frequency spectrum. During visual stimulation, participants (N = 26) were implicitly exposed to odor contexts (either body, gasoline or baseline odors) and performed an orthogonal cross-detection task. We identify clear category-selective responses to every category over the occipito-temporal cortex, with the largest response for human faces and the lowest for facelike objects. Critically, body odor boosts the response to the ambiguous facelike objects (i.e., either perceived as nonface objects or faces) over the right hemisphere, especially for participants reporting their presence post-stimulation. By contrast, odors do not significantly modulate other category-selective responses, nor the general visual response recorded at 12 Hz, revealing a specific influence on the categorization of congruent ambiguous stimuli. Overall, these findings support the view that the brain actively uses cues from the different senses to readily categorize visual inputs, and that olfaction, which has long been considered as poorly functional in humans, is well placed to disambiguate visual information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diane Rekow
- Development of Olfactory Communication & Cognition Lab, Center for Taste, Smell & Feeding Behavior, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, Inrae, Institut Agro Dijon, 21000, Dijon, France.
| | - Jean-Yves Baudouin
- Laboratoire Développement, Individu, Processus, Handicap, Éducation (DIPHE), Département Psychologie du Développement, de l'Éducation et des Vulnérabilités (PsyDÉV), Institut de psychologie, Université de Lyon (Lumière Lyon 2), 5, avenue Pierre-Mendès-France, 69676, Bron, France
| | - Karine Durand
- Development of Olfactory Communication & Cognition Lab, Center for Taste, Smell & Feeding Behavior, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, Inrae, Institut Agro Dijon, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Arnaud Leleu
- Development of Olfactory Communication & Cognition Lab, Center for Taste, Smell & Feeding Behavior, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, CNRS, Inrae, Institut Agro Dijon, 21000, Dijon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Iravani B, Peter MG, Arshamian A, Olsson MJ, Hummel T, Kitzler HH, Lundström JN. Acquired olfactory loss alters functional connectivity and morphology. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16422. [PMID: 34385571 PMCID: PMC8361122 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95968-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Removing function from a developed and functional sensory system is known to alter both cerebral morphology and functional connections. To date, a majority of studies assessing sensory-dependent plasticity have focused on effects from either early onset or long-term sensory loss and little is known how the recent sensory loss affects the human brain. With the aim of determining how recent sensory loss affects cerebral morphology and functional connectivity, we assessed differences between individuals with acquired olfactory loss (duration 7-36 months) and matched healthy controls in their grey matter volume, using multivariate pattern analyses, and functional connectivity, using dynamic connectivity analyses, within and from the olfactory cortex. Our results demonstrate that acquired olfactory loss is associated with altered grey matter volume in, among others, posterior piriform cortex, a core olfactory processing area, as well as the inferior frontal gyrus and angular gyrus. In addition, compared to controls, individuals with acquired anosmia displayed significantly stronger dynamic functional connectivity from the posterior piriform cortex to, among others, the angular gyrus, a known multisensory integration area. When assessing differences in dynamic functional connectivity from the angular gyrus, individuals with acquired anosmia had stronger connectivity from the angular gyrus to areas primary responsible for basic visual processing. These results demonstrate that recently acquired sensory loss is associated with both changed cerebral morphology within core olfactory areas and increase dynamic functional connectivity from olfactory cortex to cerebral areas processing multisensory integration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Behzad Iravani
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 9, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Moa G Peter
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 9, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Artin Arshamian
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 9, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mats J Olsson
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 9, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Smell and Taste Clinic, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hagen H Kitzler
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johan N Lundström
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 9, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Monell Chemical Senses Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA. .,Stockholm University Brain Imaging Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cornell Kärnekull* S, Gerdfeldter B, Larsson M, Arshamian A. Verbally Induced Olfactory Illusions Are Not Caused by Visual Processing: Evidence From Early and Late Blindness. Iperception 2021; 12:20416695211016483. [PMID: 34094498 PMCID: PMC8142011 DOI: 10.1177/20416695211016483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Olfactory perception is malleable and easily modulated by top-down processes such as those induced by visual and verbal information. A classic example of this is olfactory illusions where the perceived pleasantness of an odor is manipulated by the valence of a verbal label that is either visually or auditorily presented together with the odor. The mechanism behind this illusion is still unknown, and it is not clear if it is driven only by verbal information or if there is an interaction between language functions and visual mental imagery processes. One way to test this directly is to study early blind individuals who have little or no experience of visual information or visual mental imagery. Here, we did this by testing early blind, late blind, and sighted individuals in a classical paradigm where odors were presented with negative, neutral, and positive labels via speech. In contrast to our hypothesis-that the lack of visual imagery would render early blind individuals less susceptible to the olfactory illusion-early and late blind participants showed more amplified illusions than sighted. These findings demonstrate that the general mechanism underlying verbally induced olfactory illusions is not caused by visual processing and visual mental imagery per se.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stina Cornell Kärnekull*
- Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Billy Gerdfeldter
- Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Larsson
- Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Artin Arshamian
- Gösta Ekman Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Viewing images of foods evokes taste quality-specific activity in gustatory insular cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2010932118. [PMID: 33384331 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010932118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the conceptual representation of food involves brain regions associated with taste perception. The specificity of this response, however, is unknown. Does viewing pictures of food produce a general, nonspecific response in taste-sensitive regions of the brain? Or is the response specific for how a particular food tastes? Building on recent findings that specific tastes can be decoded from taste-sensitive regions of insular cortex, we asked whether viewing pictures of foods associated with a specific taste (e.g., sweet, salty, and sour) can also be decoded from these same regions, and if so, are the patterns of neural activity elicited by the pictures and their associated tastes similar? Using ultrahigh-resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging at high magnetic field strength (7-Tesla), we were able to decode specific tastes delivered during scanning, as well as the specific taste category associated with food pictures within the dorsal mid-insula, a primary taste responsive region of brain. Thus, merely viewing food pictures triggers an automatic retrieval of specific taste quality information associated with the depicted foods, within gustatory cortex. However, the patterns of activity elicited by pictures and their associated tastes were unrelated, thus suggesting a clear neural distinction between inferred and directly experienced sensory events. These data show how higher-order inferences derived from stimuli in one modality (i.e., vision) can be represented in brain regions typically thought to represent only low-level information about a different modality (i.e., taste).
Collapse
|
7
|
Majid A. Human Olfaction at the Intersection of Language, Culture, and Biology. Trends Cogn Sci 2020; 25:111-123. [PMID: 33349546 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The human sense of smell can accomplish astonishing feats, yet there remains a prevailing belief that olfactory language is deficient. Numerous studies with English speakers support this view: there are few terms for odors, odor talk is infrequent, and naming odors is difficult. However, this is not true across the world. Many languages have sizeable smell lexicons - smell is even grammaticalized. In addition, for some cultures smell talk is more frequent and odor naming easier. This linguistic variation is as yet unexplained but could be the result of ecological, cultural, or genetic factors or a combination thereof. Different ways of talking about smells may shape aspects of olfactory cognition too. Critically, this variation sheds new light on this important sensory modality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asifa Majid
- Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rekow D, Leleu A, Poncet F, Damon F, Rossion B, Durand K, Schaal B, Baudouin JY. Categorization of objects and faces in the infant brain and its sensitivity to maternal odor: further evidence for the role of intersensory congruency in perceptual development. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2020.100930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
9
|
Peter MG, Porada DK, Regenbogen C, Olsson MJ, Lundström JN. Sensory loss enhances multisensory integration performance. Cortex 2019; 120:116-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
10
|
Leclerc MP, Kellermann T, Freiherr J, Clemens B, Habel U, Regenbogen C. Externalization Errors of Olfactory Source Monitoring in Healthy Controls-An fMRI Study. Chem Senses 2019; 44:593-606. [PMID: 31414135 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjz055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a combined approach of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and noninvasive brain stimulation (transcranial direct current stimulation [tDCS]), the present study investigated source memory and its link to mental imagery in the olfactory domain, as well as in the auditory domain. Source memory refers to the knowledge of the origin of mental experiences, differentiating events that have occurred and memories of imagined events. Because of a confusion between internally generated and externally perceived information, patients that are prone to hallucinations show decreased source memory accuracy; also, vivid mental imagery can lead to similar results in healthy controls. We tested source memory following cathodal tDCS stimulation using a mental imagery task, which required participants to perceive or imagine a set of the same olfactory and auditory stimuli during fMRI. The supplementary motor area (SMA) is involved in mental imagery across different modalities and potentially linked to source memory. Therefore, we attempted to modulate participants' SMA activation before entering the scanner using tDCS to influence source memory accuracy in healthy participants. Our results showed the same source memory accuracy between the olfactory and auditory modalities with no effects of stimulation. Finally, we found SMA's subregions differentially involved in olfactory and auditory imagery, with activation of dorsal SMA correlated with auditory source memory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel P Leclerc
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN, Pauwelsstr, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thilo Kellermann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN, Pauwelsstr, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jessica Freiherr
- Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr, Aachen, Germany.,Psychiatrische und Psychotherapeutische Klinik, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Clemens
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN, Pauwelsstr, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ute Habel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN, Pauwelsstr, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christina Regenbogen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstr, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN, Pauwelsstr, Aachen, Germany.,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen 18A,17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Stickel S, Weismann P, Kellermann T, Regenbogen C, Habel U, Freiherr J, Chechko N. Audio-visual and olfactory-visual integration in healthy participants and subjects with autism spectrum disorder. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:4470-4486. [PMID: 31301203 PMCID: PMC6865810 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The human capacity to integrate sensory signals has been investigated with respect to different sensory modalities. A common denominator of the neural network underlying the integration of sensory clues has yet to be identified. Additionally, brain imaging data from patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) do not cover disparities in neuronal sensory processing. In this fMRI study, we compared the underlying neural networks of both olfactory-visual and auditory-visual integration in patients with ASD and a group of matched healthy participants. The aim was to disentangle sensory-specific networks so as to derive a potential (amodal) common source of multisensory integration (MSI) and to investigate differences in brain networks with sensory processing in individuals with ASD. In both groups, similar neural networks were found to be involved in the olfactory-visual and auditory-visual integration processes, including the primary visual cortex, the inferior parietal sulcus (IPS), and the medial and inferior frontal cortices. Amygdala activation was observed specifically during olfactory-visual integration, with superior temporal activation having been seen during auditory-visual integration. A dynamic causal modeling analysis revealed a nonlinear top-down IPS modulation of the connection between the respective primary sensory regions in both experimental conditions and in both groups. Thus, we demonstrate that MSI has shared neural sources across olfactory-visual and audio-visual stimulation in patients and controls. The enhanced recruitment of the IPS to modulate changes between areas is relevant to sensory perception. Our results also indicate that, with respect to MSI processing, adults with ASD do not significantly differ from their healthy counterparts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Stickel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsFaculty of Medicine, RWTH AachenAachenGermany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine: JARA‐Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship (INM 10)Research Center JülichJülichGermany
| | - Pauline Weismann
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Thilo Kellermann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsFaculty of Medicine, RWTH AachenAachenGermany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine: JARA‐Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship (INM 10)Research Center JülichJülichGermany
| | - Christina Regenbogen
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsFaculty of Medicine, RWTH AachenAachenGermany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine: JARA‐Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship (INM 10)Research Center JülichJülichGermany
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Ute Habel
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsFaculty of Medicine, RWTH AachenAachenGermany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine: JARA‐Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship (INM 10)Research Center JülichJülichGermany
| | - Jessica Freiherr
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyFriedrich‐Alexander‐Universität Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
- Sensory AnalyticsFraunhofer Institute for Process Engineering and Packaging IVVFreisingGermany
| | - Natalya Chechko
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and PsychosomaticsFaculty of Medicine, RWTH AachenAachenGermany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine: JARA‐Institute Brain Structure Function Relationship (INM 10)Research Center JülichJülichGermany
| |
Collapse
|