1
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Ualiyeva S, Lemire E, Wong C, Perniss A, Boyd A, Avilés EC, Minichetti DG, Maxfield A, Roditi R, Matsumoto I, Wang X, Deng W, Barrett NA, Buchheit KM, Laidlaw TM, Boyce JA, Bankova LG, Haber AL. A nasal cell atlas reveals heterogeneity of tuft cells and their role in directing olfactory stem cell proliferation. Sci Immunol 2024; 9:eabq4341. [PMID: 38306414 PMCID: PMC11127180 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abq4341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The olfactory neuroepithelium serves as a sensory organ for odors and forms part of the nasal mucosal barrier. Olfactory sensory neurons are surrounded and supported by epithelial cells. Among them, microvillous cells (MVCs) are strategically positioned at the apical surface, but their specific functions are enigmatic, and their relationship to the other specialized epithelial cells is unclear. Here, we establish that the family of MVCs comprises tuft cells and ionocytes in both mice and humans. Integrating analysis of the respiratory and olfactory epithelia, we define the distinct receptor expression of TRPM5+ tuft-MVCs compared with Gɑ-gustducinhigh respiratory tuft cells and characterize a previously undescribed population of glandular DCLK1+ tuft cells. To establish how allergen sensing by tuft-MVCs might direct olfactory mucosal responses, we used an integrated single-cell transcriptional and protein analysis. Inhalation of Alternaria induced mucosal epithelial effector molecules including Chil4 and a distinct pathway leading to proliferation of the quiescent olfactory horizontal basal stem cell (HBC) pool, both triggered in the absence of olfactory apoptosis. Alternaria- and ATP-elicited HBC proliferation was dependent on TRPM5+ tuft-MVCs, identifying these specialized epithelial cells as regulators of olfactory stem cell responses. Together, our data provide high-resolution characterization of nasal tuft cell heterogeneity and identify a function of TRPM5+ tuft-MVCs in directing the olfactory mucosal response to allergens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saltanat Ualiyeva
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Evan Lemire
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Caitlin Wong
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alexander Perniss
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Amelia Boyd
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Evelyn C. Avilés
- Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; currently at Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Dante G. Minichetti
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alice Maxfield
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rachel Roditi
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Xin Wang
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Wenjiang Deng
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Nora A. Barrett
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kathleen M. Buchheit
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Tanya M. Laidlaw
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Joshua A. Boyce
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lora G. Bankova
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Jeff and Penny Vinik Center for Allergic Disease Research, Brigham & Women’s Hospital and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Adam L. Haber
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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2
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Gavid M, Coulomb L, Thomas J, Aouimeur I, Verhoeven P, Mentek M, Dumollard JM, Forest F, Prades JM, Thuret G, Gain P, He Z. Technique of flat-mount immunostaining for mapping the olfactory epithelium and counting the olfactory sensory neurons. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280497. [PMID: 36649285 PMCID: PMC9844923 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology underlying olfactory dysfunction is still poorly understood, and more efficient biomolecular tools are necessary to explore this aspect. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on cross sections is one of the major tools to study the olfactory epithelium (OE), but does not allow reliable counting of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) or cartography of the OE. In this study, we want to present an easy immunostaining technique to compensate for these defects of IHC. Using the rat model, we first validated and pre-screened the key OSN markers by IHC on cross sections of the OE. Tuj-1, OMP, DCX, PGP9.5, and N-cadherin were selected for immunostaining on flat-mounted OE because of their staining of OSN dendrites. A simple technique for immunostaining on flat-mounted septal OE was developed: fixation of the isolated septum mucosa in 0.5% paraformaldehyde (PFA) preceded by pretreatment of the rat head in 1% PFA for 1 hour. This technique allowed us to correctly reveal the olfactory areas using all the 5 selected markers on septum mucosa. By combining the mature OSN marker (OMP) and an immature OSN marker (Tuj-1), we quantified the mature (OMP+, Tuj-1-), immature (OMP-, Tuj-1+), transitory (OMP+, Tuj-1+) and total OSN density on septal OE. They were respectively 42080 ± 11820, 49384 ± 7134, 14448 ± 5865 and 105912 ± 13899 cells per mm2 (mean ± SD). Finally, the same immunostaining technique described above was performed with Tuj-1 for OE cartography on ethmoid turbinates without flat-mount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Gavid
- Laboratory BIIO (EA2521), Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, CHU of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Louise Coulomb
- Laboratory BIIO (EA2521), Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Justin Thomas
- Laboratory BIIO (EA2521), Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Inès Aouimeur
- Laboratory BIIO (EA2521), Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Paul Verhoeven
- CIRI, GIMAP Team, INSERM U1111, CNRS UMR5308, University of Lyon, University of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Marielle Mentek
- Laboratory BIIO (EA2521), Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jean-Marc Dumollard
- Laboratory BIIO (EA2521), Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
- Department of Pathology, CHU of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Fabien Forest
- Laboratory BIIO (EA2521), Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
- Department of Pathology, CHU of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jean-Michel Prades
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, CHU of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Gilles Thuret
- Laboratory BIIO (EA2521), Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Philippe Gain
- Laboratory BIIO (EA2521), Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Zhiguo He
- Laboratory BIIO (EA2521), Jean Monnet University, Saint-Etienne, France
- * E-mail:
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3
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Taroc EZM, Katreddi RR, Forni PE. Identifying Isl1 Genetic Lineage in the Developing Olfactory System and in GnRH-1 Neurons. Front Physiol 2020; 11:601923. [PMID: 33192618 PMCID: PMC7609815 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.601923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During embryonic development, symmetric ectodermal thickenings [olfactory placodes (OP)] give rise to several cell types that comprise the olfactory system, such as those that form the terminal nerve ganglion (TN), gonadotropin releasing hormone-1 neurons (GnRH-1ns), and other migratory neurons in rodents. Even though the genetic heterogeneity among these cell types is documented, unidentified cell populations arising from the OP remain. One candidate to identify placodal derived neurons in the developing nasal area is the transcription factor Isl1, which was recently identified in GnRH-3 neurons of the terminal nerve in fish, as well as expression in neurons of the nasal migratory mass (MM). Here, we analyzed the Isl1 genetic lineage in chemosensory neuronal populations in the nasal area and migratory GnRH-1ns in mice using in situ hybridization, immunolabeling a Tamoxifen inducible Isl1CreERT and a constitutive Isl1Cre knock-in mouse lines. In addition, we also performed conditional Isl1 ablation in developing GnRH neurons. We found Isl1 lineage across non-sensory cells of the respiratory epithelium and sustentacular cells of OE and VNO. We identified a population of transient embryonic Isl1 + neurons in the olfactory epithelium and sparse Isl1 + neurons in postnatal VNO. Isl1 is expressed in almost all GnRH neurons and in approximately half of the other neuron populations in the MM. However, Isl1 conditional ablation alone does not significantly compromise GnRH-1 neuronal migration or GnRH-1 expression, suggesting compensatory mechanisms. Further studies will elucidate the functional and mechanistic role of Isl1 in development of migratory endocrine neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ed Zandro M Taroc
- Department of Biological Sciences, The RNA Institute, and the Center for Neuroscience Research, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Raghu Ram Katreddi
- Department of Biological Sciences, The RNA Institute, and the Center for Neuroscience Research, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Paolo E Forni
- Department of Biological Sciences, The RNA Institute, and the Center for Neuroscience Research, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, United States
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4
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Lemons K, Fu Z, Ogura T, Lin W. TRPM5-expressing Microvillous Cells Regulate Region-specific Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis During Chemical Exposure. Neuroscience 2020; 434:171-190. [PMID: 32224228 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian main olfactory epithelium (MOE) is exposed to a wide spectrum of external chemicals during respiration and relies on adaptive plasticity to maintain its structural and functional integrity. We previously reported that the chemo-responsive and cholinergic transient receptor potential channel M5 (TRPM5)-expressing-microvillous cells (MCs) in the MOE are required for maintaining odor-evoked electrophysiological responses and olfactory-guided behavior during two-week exposure to an inhaled chemical mixture. Here, we investigated the underlying factors by assessing the potential modulatory effects of TRPM5-MCs on MOE morphology and cell proliferation and apoptosis, which are important for MOE maintenance. In the posterior MOE of TRPM5-GFP mice, we found that two-week chemical exposure induced a significant increase in Ki67-expressing proliferating basal stem cells without a significant reduction in the thickness of the whole epithelium or mature olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) layer. This adaptive increase in stem cell proliferation was missing in chemical-exposed transcription factor Skn-1a knockout (Skn-1a-/-) mice lacking TRPM5-MCs. In addition, a greater number of isolated OSNs from chemical-exposed Skn-1a-/- mice displayed unhealthily high levels of resting intracellular Ca2+. Intriguingly, in the anterior MOE where we found a higher density of TRPM5-MCs, chemical-exposed TRPM5-GFP mice exhibited a time-dependent increase in apoptosis and a loss of mature OSNs without a significant increase in proliferation or neurogenesis to compensate for OSN loss. Together, our data suggest that TRPM5-MC-dependent region-specific upregulation of cell proliferation in the majority of the MOE during chemical exposure contributes to the adaptive maintenance of OSNs and olfactory function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Lemons
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Ziying Fu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Tatsuya Ogura
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA
| | - Weihong Lin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD 21250, USA.
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5
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Gevorkov AR, Boyko AV, Volkova EE, Shashkov SV. Prevalence, clinical significance and possible correction of taste and smell abnormalities in patients with oncological diseases. HEAD AND NECK TUMORS (HNT) 2019. [DOI: 10.17650/2222-1468-2019-9-2-53-65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. R. Gevorkov
- P.A. Hertzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute — branch of the National Medical Research Radiology Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - A. V. Boyko
- P.A. Hertzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute — branch of the National Medical Research Radiology Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia
| | | | - S. V. Shashkov
- P.A. Hertzen Moscow Oncology Research Institute — branch of the National Medical Research Radiology Center of the Ministry of Health of Russia
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6
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Salazar I, Sanchez-Quinteiro P, Barrios AW, López Amado M, Vega JA. Anatomy of the olfactory mucosa. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2019; 164:47-65. [PMID: 31604563 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63855-7.00004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The classic notion that humans are microsmatic animals was born from comparative anatomy studies showing the reduction in the size of both the olfactory bulbs and the limbic brain relative to the whole brain. However, the human olfactory system contains a number of neurons comparable to that of most other mammals, and humans have exquisite olfactory abilities. Major advances in molecular and genetic research have resulted in the identification of extremely large gene families that express receptors for sensing odors. Such advances have led to a renaissance of studies focused on both human and nonhuman aspects of olfactory physiology and function. Evidence that olfactory dysfunction is among the earliest signs of a number of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders has led to considerable interest in the use of olfactory epithelial biopsies for potentially identifying such disorders. Moreover, the unique features of the olfactory ensheathing cells have made the olfactory mucosa a promising and unexpected source of cells for treating spinal cord injuries and other neural injuries in which cell guidance is critical. The olfactory system of humans and other primates differs in many ways from that of other species. In this chapter we provide an overview of the anatomy of not only the human olfactory mucosa but of mucosae from a range of mammals from which more detailed information is available. Basic information regarding the general organization of the olfactory mucosa, including its receptor cells and the large number of other cell types critical for their maintenance and function, is provided. Cross-species comparisons are made when appropriate. The polemic issue of the human vomeronasal organ in both the adult and fetus is discussed, along with recent findings regarding olfactory subsystems within the nose of a number of mammals (e.g., the septal organ and Grüneberg ganglion).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Salazar
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Unit of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Pablo Sanchez-Quinteiro
- Department of Anatomy, Animal Production and Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Unit of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Arthur W Barrios
- Laboratory of Histology, Embryology and Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University Nacional Mayor of San Marcos, Lima, Peru
| | - Manuel López Amado
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital La Coruña, La Coruña, Spain
| | - José A Vega
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
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7
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Sokpor G, Abbas E, Rosenbusch J, Staiger JF, Tuoc T. Transcriptional and Epigenetic Control of Mammalian Olfactory Epithelium Development. Mol Neurobiol 2018. [PMID: 29532253 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-0987-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The postnatal mammalian olfactory epithelium (OE) represents a major aspect of the peripheral olfactory system. It is a pseudostratified tissue that originates from the olfactory placode and is composed of diverse cells, some of which are specialized receptor neurons capable of transducing odorant stimuli to afford the perception of smell (olfaction). The OE is known to offer a tractable miniature model for studying the systematic generation of neurons and glia that typify neural tissue development. During OE development, stem/progenitor cells that will become olfactory sensory neurons and/or non-neuronal cell types display fine spatiotemporal expression of neuronal and non-neuronal genes that ensures their proper proliferation, differentiation, survival, and regeneration. Many factors, including transcription and epigenetic factors, have been identified as key regulators of the expression of such requisite genes to permit normal OE morphogenesis. Typically, specific interactive regulatory networks established between transcription and epigenetic factors/cofactors orchestrate histogenesis in the embryonic and adult OE. Hence, investigation of these regulatory networks critical for OE development promises to disclose strategies that may be employed in manipulating the stepwise transition of olfactory precursor cells to become fully differentiated and functional neuronal and non-neuronal cell types. Such strategies potentially offer formidable means of replacing injured or degenerated neural cells as therapeutics for nervous system perturbations. This review recapitulates the developmental cellular diversity of the olfactory neuroepithelium and discusses findings on how the precise and cooperative molecular control by transcriptional and epigenetic machinery is indispensable for OE ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godwin Sokpor
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Goettingen, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Eman Abbas
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Goettingen, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.,Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Joachim Rosenbusch
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Goettingen, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jochen F Staiger
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Goettingen, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.,DFG Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Tran Tuoc
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University Goettingen, 37075, Goettingen, Germany. .,DFG Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), 37075, Goettingen, Germany.
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8
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Spotten L, Corish C, Lorton C, Ui Dhuibhir P, O’Donoghue N, O’Connor B, Walsh T. Subjective and objective taste and smell changes in cancer. Ann Oncol 2017; 28:969-984. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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9
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Weng PL, Vinjamuri M, Ovitt CE. Ascl3 transcription factor marks a distinct progenitor lineage for non-neuronal support cells in the olfactory epithelium. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38199. [PMID: 27910949 PMCID: PMC5133605 DOI: 10.1038/srep38199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The olfactory epithelium (OE) is composed of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs), sustentacular supporting cells, and several types of non-neuronal cells. Stem and progenitor cells are located basally, and are the source of all cell types needed to maintain OE homeostasis. Here, we report that Ascl3, a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, is expressed in the developing OE. Lineage tracing experiments demonstrate that the non-neuronal microvillar cells and Bowman's glands are exclusively derived from Ascl3+ progenitor cells in the OE during development. Following chemically-induced injury, Ascl3 expression is activated in a subset of horizontal basal cells (HBCs), which repopulate all microvillar cells and Bowman's glands during OE regeneration. After ablation of Ascl3-expressing cells, the OE can regenerate, but lacks the non-neuronal microvillar and Bowman's gland support cells. These results demonstrate that Ascl3 marks progenitors that are lineage-committed strictly to microvillar cells and Bowman's glands, and highlight the requirement for these cell types to support OE homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lun Weng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Mridula Vinjamuri
- Center for Oral Biology and Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
| | - Catherine E. Ovitt
- Center for Oral Biology and Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, 14642, USA
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10
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Gilbert MA, Lin B, Peterson J, Jang W, Schwob JE. Neuregulin1 and ErbB expression in the uninjured and regenerating olfactory mucosa. Gene Expr Patterns 2015; 19:108-19. [PMID: 26474499 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neuregulin1, a protein involved in signaling through the ErbB receptors, is required for the proper development of multiple organ systems. A complete understanding of the expression profile of Neuregulin1 is complicated by the presence of multiple isoform variants that result from extensive alternative splicing. Remarkably, these numerous protein products display a wide range of divergent functional roles, making the characterization of tissue-specific isoforms critical to understanding signaling. Recent evidence suggests an important role for Neuregulin1 signaling during olfactory epithelium development and regeneration. In order to understand the physiological consequences of this signaling, we sought to identify the isoform-specific and cell type-specific expression pattern of Neuregulin1 in the adult olfactory mucosa using a combination of RT-qPCR, FACS, and immunohistochemistry. To complement this information, we also analyzed the cell-type specific expression patterns of the ErbB receptors using immunohistochemistry. We found that multiple Neuregulin1 isoforms, containing predominantly the Type I and Type III N-termini, are expressed in the uninjured olfactory mucosa. Specifically, we found that Type III Neuregulin1 is highly expressed in mature olfactory sensory neurons and Type I Neuregulin1 is highly expressed in duct gland cells. Surprisingly, the divergent localization of these Neuregulin isoforms and their corresponding ErbB receptors does not support a role for active signaling during normal turnover and maintenance of the olfactory mucosa. Conversely, we found that injury to the olfactory epithelium specifically upregulates the Neuregulin1 Type I isoform bringing the expression pattern adjacent to cells expressing both ErbB2 and ErbB3 which is compatible with active signaling, supporting a functional role for Neuregulin1 specifically during regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Gilbert
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Genetics Program, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - B Lin
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - J Peterson
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; Cell, Molecular, and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - W Jang
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - J E Schwob
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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11
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Goss GM, Chaudhari N, Hare JM, Nwojo R, Seidler B, Saur D, Goldstein BJ. Differentiation potential of individual olfactory c-Kit+ progenitors determined via multicolor lineage tracing. Dev Neurobiol 2015; 76:241-51. [PMID: 26016700 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory tissue undergoes lifelong renewal, due to the presence of basal neural stem cells. Multiple categories of globose basal stem cells have been identified, expressing markers such as Lgr5, Ascl1, GBC-2, and c-Kit. The differentiation potential of individual globose cells has remained unclear. Here, we utilized Cre/loxP lineage tracing with a multicolor reporter system to define c-Kit+ cell contributions at clonal resolution. We determined that reporter expression permitted identification of c-Kit derived progeny with fine cellular detail, and that clones were found to be comprised by neurons only, microvillar cells only, microvillar cells and neurons, or gland/duct cells. Quantification of reporter-labeled cells indicated that c-Kit+ cells behave as transit amplifying or immediate precursors, although we also found evidence for longer-term c-Kit+ cell contributions. Our results from the application of multicolor fate mapping delineate the clonal contributions of c-Kit+ cells to olfactory epithelial renewal, and provide novel insight into tissue maintenance of an adult neuroepithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett M Goss
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Nirupa Chaudhari
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Joshua M Hare
- Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Raphael Nwojo
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Barbara Seidler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Dieter Saur
- Department of Internal Medicine, Technical University of Munich, München, Germany
| | - Bradley J Goldstein
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida.,Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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12
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Jia C, Hegg CC. Effect of IP3R3 and NPY on age-related declines in olfactory stem cell proliferation. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 36:1045-56. [PMID: 25482245 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Losing the sense of smell because of aging compromises health and quality of life. In the mouse olfactory epithelium, aging reduces the capacity for tissue homeostasis and regeneration. The microvillous cell subtype that expresses both inositol trisphosphate receptor type 3 (IP3R3) and the neuroproliferative factor neuropeptide Y (NPY) is critical for regulation of homeostasis, yet its role in aging is undefined. We hypothesized that an age-related decline in IP3R3 expression and NPY signaling underlie age-related homeostatic changes and olfactory dysfunction. We found a decrease in IP3R3(+) and NPY(+) microvillous cell numbers and NPY protein and a reduced sensitivity to NPY-mediated proliferation over 24 months. However, in IP3R3-deficient mice, there was no further age-related reduction in cell numbers, proliferation, or olfactory function compared with wild type. The proliferative response was impaired in aged IP3R3-deficient mice when injury was caused by satratoxin G, which induces IP3R3-mediated NPY release, but not by bulbectomy, which does not evoke NPY release. These data identify IP3R3 and NPY signaling as targets for improving recovery following olfactotoxicant exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuihong Jia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Colleen C Hegg
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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13
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Pfister S, Weber T, Härtig W, Schwerdel C, Elsaesser R, Knuesel I, Fritschy JM. Novel role of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator in maintaining adult mouse olfactory neuronal homeostasis. J Comp Neurol 2014; 523:406-30. [PMID: 25271146 DOI: 10.1002/cne.23686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The olfactory epithelium (OE) of mice deficient in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) exhibits ion transport deficiencies reported in human CF airways, as well as progressive neuronal loss, suggesting defects in olfactory neuron homeostasis. Microvillar cells, a specialized OE cell-subtype, have been implicated in maintaining tissue homeostasis. These cells are endowed with a PLCβ2/IP3 R3/TRPC6 signal transduction pathway modulating release of neuropeptide Y (NPY), which stimulates OE stem cell activity. It is unknown, however, whether microvillar cells also mediate the deficits observed in CFTR-null mice. Here we show that Cftr mRNA in mouse OE is exclusively localized in microvillar cells and CFTR immunofluorescence is coassociated with the scaffolding protein NHERF-1 and PLCβ2 in microvilli. In CFTR-null mice, PLCβ2 was undetectable, NHERF-1 mislocalized, and IP3 R3 more intensely stained, along with increased levels of NPY, suggesting profound alteration of the PLCβ2/IP3 R3 signaling pathway. In addition, basal olfactory neuron homeostasis was altered, shown by increased progenitor cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis and by reduced regenerative capacity following methimazole-induced neurodegeneration. The importance of CFTR in microvillar cells was further underscored by decreased thickness of the OE mucus layer and increased numbers of immune cells within this tissue in CFTR-KO mice. Finally, we observed enhanced immune responses to an acute viral-like infection, as well as hyper-responsiveness to chemical and physical stimuli applied intranasally. Taken together, these data strengthen the notion that microvillar cells in the OE play a key role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and identify several mechanisms underlying this regulation through the multiple functions of CFTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pfister
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Fausther M, Lavoie EG, Goree JR, Baldini G, Dranoff JA. NT5E mutations that cause human disease are associated with intracellular mistrafficking of NT5E protein. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98568. [PMID: 24887587 PMCID: PMC4041762 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecto-5′-nucleotidase/CD73/NT5E, the product of the NT5E gene, is the dominant enzyme in the generation of adenosine from degradation of AMP in the extracellular environment. Nonsense (c.662C→A, p.S221X designated F1, c.1609dupA, p.V537fsX7 designated F3) and missense (c.1073G→A, p.C358Y designated F2) NT5E gene mutations in three distinct families have been shown recently to cause premature arterial calcification disease in human patients. However, the underlying mechanisms by which loss-of-function NT5E mutations cause human disease are unknown. We hypothesized that human NT5E gene mutations cause mistrafficking of the defective proteins within cells, ultimately blocking NT5E catalytic function. To test this hypothesis, plasmids encoding cDNAs of wild type and mutant human NT5E tagged with the fluorescent probe DsRed were generated and used for transfection and heterologous expression in immortalized monkey COS-7 kidney cells that lack native NT5E protein. Enzyme histochemistry and Malachite green assays were performed to assess the biochemical activities of wild type and mutant fusion NT5E proteins. Subcellular trafficking of fusion NT5E proteins was monitored by confocal microscopy and western blot analysis of fractionated cell constituents. All 3 F1, F2, and F3 mutations result in a protein with significantly reduced trafficking to the plasma membrane and reduced ER retention as compared to wild type protein. Confocal immunofluorescence demonstrates vesicles containing DsRed-tagged NT5E proteins (F1, F2 and F3) in the cell synthetic apparatus. All 3 mutations resulted in absent NT5E enzymatic activity at the cell surface. In conclusion, three familial NT5E mutations (F1, F2, F3) result in novel trafficking defects associated with human disease. These novel genetic causes of human disease suggest that the syndrome of premature arterial calcification due to NT5E mutations may also involve a novel “trafficking-opathy”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Fausther
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Research Service, Central Arkansas VA Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Elise G. Lavoie
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Research Service, Central Arkansas VA Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Jessica R. Goree
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Research Service, Central Arkansas VA Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Giulia Baldini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
| | - Jonathan A. Dranoff
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- Research Service, Central Arkansas VA Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Abstract
The mammalian olfactory system has become an excellent model system to understand the function of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels within their native cellular and circuit environment. The discovery that the canonical TRP channel TRPC2 is highly expressed in sensory neurons of the vomeronasal organ (VNO) has led to major advances in our understanding of the cellular and molecular processes underlying signal transduction of pheromones and other molecular cues that play an essential role in the control of instinctive decisions and innate social behaviors. TRPC2 knockout mice provide a striking example that the loss of function of a single gene can cause severe alterations in a variety of social interactions including the display of aggression, social dominance, and sexual behaviors. There is mounting evidence that TRPC2 is not the only TRP channel expressed in cells of the olfactory system but that other TRP channel subtypes such as TRPC1, TRPC4, TRPC6, TRPM4, and TRPM5 could also play important functional roles in mammalian olfaction. Here, I review such findings and discuss future areas for investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Zufall
- Department of Physiology and Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Saarland School of Medicine, 66424, Homburg, Germany,
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Notter T, Panzanelli P, Pfister S, Mircsof D, Fritschy JM. A protocol for concurrent high-quality immunohistochemical and biochemical analyses in adult mouse central nervous system. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 39:165-75. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tina Notter
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Zurich; CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich; Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Patrizia Panzanelli
- Department of Neuroscience Rita Levi Montalcini; University of Turin; Turin Italy
| | - Sandra Pfister
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Zurich; CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich; Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Dennis Mircsof
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Zurich; CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich; Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Jean-Marc Fritschy
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; University of Zurich; CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich; Federal Institute of Technology and University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
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