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Du RZ, Zhang Y, Bian Y, Yang CY, Feng XS, He ZW. Rhodamine and related substances in food: Recent updates on pretreatment and analysis methods. Food Chem 2024; 459:140384. [PMID: 38996634 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Rhodamine, a colorant prohibited in various consumer products due to its demonstrated carcinogenic, mutagenic, and toxic properties, necessitates the development of a straightforward, efficient, sensitive, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective analytical method. This review provides an overview of recent advancements in the pretreatment and determination techniques for rhodamine across diverse sample matrices since 2017. Sample preparation methods encompass both commonly used pretreatment techniques such as filtration, centrifugation, solvent extraction, and cloud point extraction, as well as innovative approaches including solid phase extraction, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction, magnetic solid phase extraction, and matrix solid phase dispersion. The analytical techniques encompass high performance liquid chromatography, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and sensor-based methods. Furthermore, a comprehensive examination is conducted to offer insights for future research on rhodamine regarding the advantages, disadvantages, and advancements in various pretreatment and determination methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong-Zhu Du
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Yu Bian
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China
| | - Chun-Yu Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, 110032, China.
| | - Xue-Song Feng
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, China.
| | - Zhen-Wei He
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110032, China.
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2
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Vahabi M, Ebrahimzadeh H, Zendehdel R, Jalilian N, Khodakarim S. Selective Determination of n-Hexane and Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK) in Urine by Magnetic-Silica Aerogel-Based Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) with Gas Chromatography – Flame Ionization Detection (GC-FID). ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2128364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Masoomeh Vahabi
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homeira Ebrahimzadeh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Zendehdel
- Department of Occupational Health and Safety Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Jalilian
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Pollutants, Faculty of Chemistry and Petroleum Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soheila Khodakarim
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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3
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Mohamed HM. Solventless Microextration Techniques for Pharmaceutical Analysis: The Greener Solution. Front Chem 2022; 9:785830. [PMID: 35096766 PMCID: PMC8792605 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.785830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive efforts have been made in the last decades to simplify the holistic sample preparation process. The idea of maximizing the extraction efficiency along with the reduction of extraction time, minimization/elimination of hazardous solvents, and miniaturization of the extraction device, eliminating sample pre- and posttreatment steps and reducing the sample volume requirement is always the goal for an analyst as it ensures the method’s congruency with the green analytical chemistry (GAC) principles and steps toward sustainability. In this context, the microextraction techniques such as solid-phase microextraction (SPME), stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS), fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE), in-tube extraction dynamic headspace (ITEX-DHS), and PAL SPME Arrow are being very active areas of research. To help transition into wider applications, the new solventless microextraction techniques have to be commercialized, automated, and validated, and their operating principles to be anchored to theory. In this work, the benefits and drawbacks of the advanced microextraction techniques will be discussed and compared, together with their applicability to the analysis of pharmaceuticals in different matrices.
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4
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Colombo R, Papetti A. Pre-Concentration and Analysis of Mycotoxins in Food Samples by Capillary Electrophoresis. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25153441. [PMID: 32751123 PMCID: PMC7436008 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25153441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycotoxins are considered one of the most dangerous agricultural and food contaminants. They are toxic and the development of rapid and sensitive analytical methods to detect and quantify them is a very important issue in the context of food safety and animal/human health. The need to detect mycotoxins at trace levels and to simultaneously analyze many different mycotoxin types became mandatory to protect public health. In fact, European Commission regulations specified both their limits in foodstuffs and official sample preparation protocols in addition to analytical methods to verify their presence. Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) includes different separation modes, allowing many versatile applications in food analysis and safety. In the context of mycotoxins, recent advances to improve CE sensitivity, particularly pre-concentration techniques or miniaturized systems, deserve remarkable attention, as they provide an interesting approach in the analysis of such contaminants in complex food matrices. This review summarizes the applications of CE combined with different pre-concentration approaches, which have been proposed in the literature (mainly) in the last ten years. A section is also dedicated to recent microchip–CE devices since they represent the most promising CE mode for this application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adele Papetti
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0382987863; Fax: +39-0382422975
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5
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Matys J, Gieroba B, Jóźwiak K. Recent developments of bioanalytical methods in determination of neurotransmitters in vivo. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 180:113079. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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6
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Highly porous nanostructured copper oxide foam fiber as a sorbent for head space solid-phase microextraction of BTEX from aqueous solutions. Microchem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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7
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Komiyama M, Mori T, Ariga K. Molecular Imprinting: Materials Nanoarchitectonics with Molecular Information. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20180084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Komiyama
- WPI-MANA, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Life Science Center of Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Ten-noudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Taizo Mori
- WPI-MANA, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Ariga
- WPI-MANA, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
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8
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Tian Y, Feng J, Wang X, Sun M, Luo C. Silicon carbide nanomaterial as a coating for solid-phase microextraction. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:1995-2002. [PMID: 29377595 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Silicon carbide has excellent properties, such as corrosion resistance, high strength, oxidation resistance, high temperature, and so on. Based on these properties, silicon carbide was coated on stainless-steel wire and used as a solid-phase microextraction coating, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were employed as model analytes. Using gas chromatography, some important factors that affect the extraction efficiency were optimized one by one, and an analytical method was established. The analytical method showed wide linear ranges (0.1-30, 0.03-30, and 0.01-30 μg/L) with satisfactory correlation coefficients (0.9922-0.9966) and low detection limits (0.003-0.03 μg/L). To investigate the practical application of the method, rainwater and cigarette ash aqueous solution were collected as real samples for extraction and detection. The results indicate that silicon carbide has excellent application in the field of solid-phase microextraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Xiuqin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Min Sun
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, P. R. China
| | - Chuannan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Interfacial Reaction & Sensing Analysis in Universities of Shandong, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Jinan, Jinan, P. R. China
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9
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A nanoporous carbon material coated onto steel wires for solid-phase microextraction of chlorobenzenes prior to their quantitation by gas chromatography. Mikrochim Acta 2017; 185:56. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-017-2539-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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10
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Medvedovici A, Bacalum E, David V. Sample preparation for large-scale bioanalytical studies based on liquid chromatographic techniques. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 32. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Medvedovici
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Bucharest; Bucharest Romania
| | - Elena Bacalum
- Research Institute; University of Bucharest; Bucharest Romania
| | - Victor David
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry; University of Bucharest; Bucharest Romania
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11
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Brigante TAV, Miranda LFC, de Souza ID, Acquaro Junior VR, Queiroz MEC. Pipette tip dummy molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction of Bisphenol A from urine samples and analysis by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1067:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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12
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Recent progress, challenges and trends in trace determination of drug analysis using molecularly imprinted solid-phase microextraction technology. Talanta 2017; 164:612-625. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2016.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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13
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Ashley J, Shahbazi MA, Kant K, Chidambara VA, Wolff A, Bang DD, Sun Y. Molecularly imprinted polymers for sample preparation and biosensing in food analysis: Progress and perspectives. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 91:606-615. [PMID: 28103516 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are biomimetics which can selectively bind to analytes of interest. One of the most interesting areas where MIPs have shown the biggest potential is food analysis. MIPs have found use as sorbents in sample preparation attributed to the high selectivity and high loading capacity. MIPs have been intensively employed in classical solid-phase extraction and solid-phase microextraction. More recently, MIPs have been combined with magnetic bead extraction, which greatly simplifies sample handling procedures. Studies have consistently shown that MIPs can effectively minimize complex food matrix effects, and improve recoveries and detection limits. In addition to sample preparation, MIPs have also been viewed as promising alternatives to bio-receptors due to the inherent molecular recognition abilities and the high stability in harsh chemical and physical conditions. MIPs have been utilized as receptors in biosensing platforms such as electrochemical, optical and mass biosensors to detect various analytes in food. In this review, we will discuss the current state-of-the-art of MIP synthesis and applications in the context of food analysis. We will highlight the imprinting methods which are applicable for imprinting food templates, summarize the recent progress in using MIPs for preparing and analysing food samples, and discuss the current limitations in the commercialisation of MIPs technology. Finally, future perspectives will be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Ashley
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Krishna Kant
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Vinayaka Aaydha Chidambara
- Laboratory of Applied Micro and Nanotechnology (LAMINATE), National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark (DTU-Food), Denmark
| | - Anders Wolff
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Dang Duong Bang
- Laboratory of Applied Micro and Nanotechnology (LAMINATE), National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark (DTU-Food), Denmark
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark.
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14
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Zhai H, Huang L, Chen Z, Su Z, Yuan K, Liang G, Pan Y. Chip-based molecularly imprinted monolithic capillary array columns coated GO/SiO 2 for selective extraction and sensitive determination of rhodamine B in chili powder. Food Chem 2017; 214:664-669. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.07.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Li XY, Bai LH, Huang YP, Liu ZS. Isolation of Epigallocatechin Gallate from Plant Extracts with Metallic Pivot-Assisted Dummy Imprinting. ANAL LETT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2015.1131708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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16
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Li JW, Wang YL, Yan S, Li XJ, Pan SY. Molecularly imprinted calixarene fiber for solid-phase microextraction of four organophosphorous pesticides in fruits. Food Chem 2016; 192:260-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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17
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Chen L, Wang X, Lu W, Wu X, Li J. Molecular imprinting: perspectives and applications. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:2137-211. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00061d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1438] [Impact Index Per Article: 179.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This critical review presents a survey of recent developments in technologies and strategies for the preparation of MIPs, followed by the application of MIPs in sample pretreatment, chromatographic separation and chemical sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003
- China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003
- China
| | - Wenhui Lu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003
- China
| | - Xiaqing Wu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003
- China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation
- Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Yantai 264003
- China
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Ocaña-González JA, Fernández-Torres R, Bello-López MÁ, Ramos-Payán M. New developments in microextraction techniques in bioanalysis. A review. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 905:8-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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19
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Zhang M, Huang J. Layer-by-layer coated molecular-imprinted solid-phase microextraction fibers for the determination of polar compounds in water samples. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra18454e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the selective extraction of polar compound in water samples was reported using molecular-imprinted solid-phase microextraction (MISPME) combined with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) within situderivatization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maosheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental
- Fujian Province University Key Laboratory of Analytical Science
- Minnan Normal University
- Zhangzhou 363000
- China
| | - Jiarong Huang
- Dongshan Environmental Protection Bureau
- Zhangzhou 363400
- China
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20
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Jin X, Wang Y, Bai W, Zhao D, Song X, Xu X. Synthesis and Characterization of Fomesafen Imprinted Polymers. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2015.1007278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Ji X, Li D, Li H. Preparation and application of a novel molecularly imprinted solid-phase microextraction monolith for selective enrichment of cholecystokinin neuropeptides in human cerebrospinal fluid. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 29:1280-9. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ji
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
| | - Hua Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences; Wuhan University; Wuhan 430072 China
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22
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Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization from Surfaces. CONTROLLED RADICAL POLYMERIZATION AT AND FROM SOLID SURFACES 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2015_316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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23
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Padrón MET, Afonso-Olivares C, Sosa-Ferrera Z, Santana-Rodríguez JJ. Microextraction techniques coupled to liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry for the determination of organic micropollutants in environmental water samples. Molecules 2014; 19:10320-49. [PMID: 25033059 PMCID: PMC6272018 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190710320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, sample preparation was carried out using traditional techniques, such as liquid–liquid extraction (LLE), that use large volumes of organic solvents. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) uses much less solvent than LLE, although the volume can still be significant. These preparation methods are expensive, time-consuming and environmentally unfriendly. Recently, a great effort has been made to develop new analytical methodologies able to perform direct analyses using miniaturised equipment, thereby achieving high enrichment factors, minimising solvent consumption and reducing waste. These microextraction techniques improve the performance during sample preparation, particularly in complex water environmental samples, such as wastewaters, surface and ground waters, tap waters, sea and river waters. Liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and time-of-flight mass spectrometric (TOF/MS) techniques can be used when analysing a broad range of organic micropollutants. Before separating and detecting these compounds in environmental samples, the target analytes must be extracted and pre-concentrated to make them detectable. In this work, we review the most recent applications of microextraction preparation techniques in different water environmental matrices to determine organic micropollutants: solid-phase microextraction SPME, in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME), stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and liquid-phase microextraction (LPME). Several groups of compounds are considered organic micropollutants because these are being released continuously into the environment. Many of these compounds are considered emerging contaminants. These analytes are generally compounds that are not covered by the existing regulations and are now detected more frequently in different environmental compartments. Pharmaceuticals, surfactants, personal care products and other chemicals are considered micropollutants. These compounds must be monitored because, although they are detected in low concentrations, they might be harmful toward ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Esther Torres Padrón
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Cristina Afonso-Olivares
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - Zoraida Sosa-Ferrera
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
| | - José Juan Santana-Rodríguez
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
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Pereira J, Silva CL, Perestrelo R, Gonçalves J, Alves V, Câmara JS. Re-exploring the high-throughput potential of microextraction techniques, SPME and MEPS, as powerful strategies for medical diagnostic purposes. Innovative approaches, recent applications and future trends. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:2101-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7527-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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