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German GJ, Frenette C, Caissy JA, Grant J, Lefebvre MA, Mertz D, Lutes S, McGeer A, Roberts J, Afra K, Valiquette L, Émond Y, Carrier M, Lauzon-Laurin A, Nguyen TT, Al-Bachari H, Kosar J, Peermohamed S, Science M, Landry D, MacLaggan T, Daley P, McDonald G, Ang A, Chang S, Lin YC, Tong B, Malfair S, Leung V, Katz K, Pauwels I, Goossens H, Versporten A, Conly J, Thirion DJG. The 2018 Global Point Prevalence Survey of antimicrobial consumption and resistance in 47 Canadian hospitals: a cross-sectional survey. CMAJ Open 2021; 9:E1242-E1251. [PMID: 34933882 PMCID: PMC8695542 DOI: 10.9778/cmajo.20200274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-level surveillance of antimicrobial use (AMU) in Canadian hospitals empowers the reduction of inappropriate AMU and was piloted in 2017 among 14 hospitals in Canada. We aimed to describe AMU on the basis of patient-level data in Canadian hospitals in 2018 in terms of antimicrobial prescribing prevalence and proportions, antimicrobial indications, and agent selection in medical, surgical and intensive care wards. METHODS Canadian adult, pediatric and neonatal hospitals were invited to participate in the standardized web-based cross-sectional Global Point Prevalence Survey of Antimicrobial Consumption and Resistance (Global-PPS) conducted in 2018. An identified site administrator assigned all wards admitting inpatients to specific surveyors. A physician, pharmacist or nurse with infectious disease training performed the survey. The primary outcomes were point prevalence rates for AMU over the study period regarding prescriptions, indications and agent selection in medical, surgical and intensive care wards. The secondary outcomes were AMU for resistant organisms and practice appropriateness evaluated on the basis of quality indicators. Antimicrobial consumption is presented in terms of prevalence and proportions. RESULTS Forty-seven of 118 (39.8%) hospitals participated in the survey; 9 hospitals were primary care centres, 15 were secondary care centres and 23 were tertiary or specialized care centres. Of 13 272 patients included, 33.5% (n = 4447) received a total of 6525 antimicrobials. Overall, 74.1% (4832/6525) of antimicrobials were for therapeutic use, 12.6% (n = 825) were for medical prophylaxis, 8.9% (n = 578) were for surgical prophylaxis, 2.2% (n = 143) were for other use and 2.3% (n = 147) were for unidentified reasons. A diagnosis or indication was documented in the patient's file at the initiation for 87.3% (n = 5699) of antimicrobials; 62.9% (n = 4106) of antimicrobials had a stop or review date; and 72.0% (n = 4697) of prescriptions were guided by local guidelines. INTERPRETATION Overall, three-quarters of AMU was for therapeutic use across participating hospitals. Canadian hospitals should be further incentivized to create and adapt local guidelines on the basis of recent antimicrobial resistance data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greg J German
- Health PEI (German, Lutes), Charlottetown, PEI; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette, Thirion), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Pharmacy (Caissy, Thirion), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Vancouver General Hospital (Grant), Vancouver, BC; Montreal Children's Hospital (Lefebvre), Montréal, Que.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital (Roberts), Smiths Falls, Ont.; Fraser Health (Afra), Surrey, BC; Université de Sherbrooke (Valiquette), Sherbrooke, Que.; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Émond), Montréal, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec (Carrier), Trois-Rivières, Que.; Centre hospitalier de Lanaudière (Lauzon-Laurin), Joliette Saint-Charles-Borromée, Que.; McGill University (Nguyen) Montréal, Que.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne (Al-Bachari), Longueuil, Que.; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Kosar, Peermohamed), Saskatoon, Sask.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Science), Toronto, Ont.; Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre (Landry), Vitalité Health Network, Horizon Health Network (MacLaggan), Moncton, NB; Memorial University of Newfoundland (Daley, McDonald), St. John's, Nfld.; Département de Pharmacie (Ang), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Richmond Hospital (Chang), Richmond, BC; Lions Gate Hospital (Lin, Malfair), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infection Prevention and Control (Leung), Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC; North York General Hospital (Katz), North York, Ont.; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Pauwels, Goossens, Versporten), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (Conly), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - Charles Frenette
- Health PEI (German, Lutes), Charlottetown, PEI; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette, Thirion), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Pharmacy (Caissy, Thirion), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Vancouver General Hospital (Grant), Vancouver, BC; Montreal Children's Hospital (Lefebvre), Montréal, Que.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital (Roberts), Smiths Falls, Ont.; Fraser Health (Afra), Surrey, BC; Université de Sherbrooke (Valiquette), Sherbrooke, Que.; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Émond), Montréal, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec (Carrier), Trois-Rivières, Que.; Centre hospitalier de Lanaudière (Lauzon-Laurin), Joliette Saint-Charles-Borromée, Que.; McGill University (Nguyen) Montréal, Que.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne (Al-Bachari), Longueuil, Que.; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Kosar, Peermohamed), Saskatoon, Sask.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Science), Toronto, Ont.; Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre (Landry), Vitalité Health Network, Horizon Health Network (MacLaggan), Moncton, NB; Memorial University of Newfoundland (Daley, McDonald), St. John's, Nfld.; Département de Pharmacie (Ang), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Richmond Hospital (Chang), Richmond, BC; Lions Gate Hospital (Lin, Malfair), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infection Prevention and Control (Leung), Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC; North York General Hospital (Katz), North York, Ont.; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Pauwels, Goossens, Versporten), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (Conly), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - Jean-Alexandre Caissy
- Health PEI (German, Lutes), Charlottetown, PEI; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette, Thirion), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Pharmacy (Caissy, Thirion), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Vancouver General Hospital (Grant), Vancouver, BC; Montreal Children's Hospital (Lefebvre), Montréal, Que.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital (Roberts), Smiths Falls, Ont.; Fraser Health (Afra), Surrey, BC; Université de Sherbrooke (Valiquette), Sherbrooke, Que.; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Émond), Montréal, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec (Carrier), Trois-Rivières, Que.; Centre hospitalier de Lanaudière (Lauzon-Laurin), Joliette Saint-Charles-Borromée, Que.; McGill University (Nguyen) Montréal, Que.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne (Al-Bachari), Longueuil, Que.; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Kosar, Peermohamed), Saskatoon, Sask.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Science), Toronto, Ont.; Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre (Landry), Vitalité Health Network, Horizon Health Network (MacLaggan), Moncton, NB; Memorial University of Newfoundland (Daley, McDonald), St. John's, Nfld.; Département de Pharmacie (Ang), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Richmond Hospital (Chang), Richmond, BC; Lions Gate Hospital (Lin, Malfair), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infection Prevention and Control (Leung), Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC; North York General Hospital (Katz), North York, Ont.; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Pauwels, Goossens, Versporten), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (Conly), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - Jennifer Grant
- Health PEI (German, Lutes), Charlottetown, PEI; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette, Thirion), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Pharmacy (Caissy, Thirion), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Vancouver General Hospital (Grant), Vancouver, BC; Montreal Children's Hospital (Lefebvre), Montréal, Que.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital (Roberts), Smiths Falls, Ont.; Fraser Health (Afra), Surrey, BC; Université de Sherbrooke (Valiquette), Sherbrooke, Que.; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Émond), Montréal, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec (Carrier), Trois-Rivières, Que.; Centre hospitalier de Lanaudière (Lauzon-Laurin), Joliette Saint-Charles-Borromée, Que.; McGill University (Nguyen) Montréal, Que.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne (Al-Bachari), Longueuil, Que.; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Kosar, Peermohamed), Saskatoon, Sask.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Science), Toronto, Ont.; Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre (Landry), Vitalité Health Network, Horizon Health Network (MacLaggan), Moncton, NB; Memorial University of Newfoundland (Daley, McDonald), St. John's, Nfld.; Département de Pharmacie (Ang), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Richmond Hospital (Chang), Richmond, BC; Lions Gate Hospital (Lin, Malfair), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infection Prevention and Control (Leung), Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC; North York General Hospital (Katz), North York, Ont.; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Pauwels, Goossens, Versporten), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (Conly), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - Marie-Astrid Lefebvre
- Health PEI (German, Lutes), Charlottetown, PEI; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette, Thirion), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Pharmacy (Caissy, Thirion), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Vancouver General Hospital (Grant), Vancouver, BC; Montreal Children's Hospital (Lefebvre), Montréal, Que.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital (Roberts), Smiths Falls, Ont.; Fraser Health (Afra), Surrey, BC; Université de Sherbrooke (Valiquette), Sherbrooke, Que.; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Émond), Montréal, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec (Carrier), Trois-Rivières, Que.; Centre hospitalier de Lanaudière (Lauzon-Laurin), Joliette Saint-Charles-Borromée, Que.; McGill University (Nguyen) Montréal, Que.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne (Al-Bachari), Longueuil, Que.; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Kosar, Peermohamed), Saskatoon, Sask.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Science), Toronto, Ont.; Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre (Landry), Vitalité Health Network, Horizon Health Network (MacLaggan), Moncton, NB; Memorial University of Newfoundland (Daley, McDonald), St. John's, Nfld.; Département de Pharmacie (Ang), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Richmond Hospital (Chang), Richmond, BC; Lions Gate Hospital (Lin, Malfair), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infection Prevention and Control (Leung), Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC; North York General Hospital (Katz), North York, Ont.; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Pauwels, Goossens, Versporten), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (Conly), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - Dominik Mertz
- Health PEI (German, Lutes), Charlottetown, PEI; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette, Thirion), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Pharmacy (Caissy, Thirion), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Vancouver General Hospital (Grant), Vancouver, BC; Montreal Children's Hospital (Lefebvre), Montréal, Que.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital (Roberts), Smiths Falls, Ont.; Fraser Health (Afra), Surrey, BC; Université de Sherbrooke (Valiquette), Sherbrooke, Que.; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Émond), Montréal, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec (Carrier), Trois-Rivières, Que.; Centre hospitalier de Lanaudière (Lauzon-Laurin), Joliette Saint-Charles-Borromée, Que.; McGill University (Nguyen) Montréal, Que.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne (Al-Bachari), Longueuil, Que.; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Kosar, Peermohamed), Saskatoon, Sask.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Science), Toronto, Ont.; Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre (Landry), Vitalité Health Network, Horizon Health Network (MacLaggan), Moncton, NB; Memorial University of Newfoundland (Daley, McDonald), St. John's, Nfld.; Département de Pharmacie (Ang), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Richmond Hospital (Chang), Richmond, BC; Lions Gate Hospital (Lin, Malfair), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infection Prevention and Control (Leung), Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC; North York General Hospital (Katz), North York, Ont.; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Pauwels, Goossens, Versporten), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (Conly), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - Sarah Lutes
- Health PEI (German, Lutes), Charlottetown, PEI; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette, Thirion), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Pharmacy (Caissy, Thirion), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Vancouver General Hospital (Grant), Vancouver, BC; Montreal Children's Hospital (Lefebvre), Montréal, Que.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital (Roberts), Smiths Falls, Ont.; Fraser Health (Afra), Surrey, BC; Université de Sherbrooke (Valiquette), Sherbrooke, Que.; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Émond), Montréal, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec (Carrier), Trois-Rivières, Que.; Centre hospitalier de Lanaudière (Lauzon-Laurin), Joliette Saint-Charles-Borromée, Que.; McGill University (Nguyen) Montréal, Que.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne (Al-Bachari), Longueuil, Que.; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Kosar, Peermohamed), Saskatoon, Sask.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Science), Toronto, Ont.; Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre (Landry), Vitalité Health Network, Horizon Health Network (MacLaggan), Moncton, NB; Memorial University of Newfoundland (Daley, McDonald), St. John's, Nfld.; Département de Pharmacie (Ang), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Richmond Hospital (Chang), Richmond, BC; Lions Gate Hospital (Lin, Malfair), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infection Prevention and Control (Leung), Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC; North York General Hospital (Katz), North York, Ont.; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Pauwels, Goossens, Versporten), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (Conly), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - Allison McGeer
- Health PEI (German, Lutes), Charlottetown, PEI; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette, Thirion), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Pharmacy (Caissy, Thirion), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Vancouver General Hospital (Grant), Vancouver, BC; Montreal Children's Hospital (Lefebvre), Montréal, Que.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital (Roberts), Smiths Falls, Ont.; Fraser Health (Afra), Surrey, BC; Université de Sherbrooke (Valiquette), Sherbrooke, Que.; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Émond), Montréal, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec (Carrier), Trois-Rivières, Que.; Centre hospitalier de Lanaudière (Lauzon-Laurin), Joliette Saint-Charles-Borromée, Que.; McGill University (Nguyen) Montréal, Que.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne (Al-Bachari), Longueuil, Que.; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Kosar, Peermohamed), Saskatoon, Sask.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Science), Toronto, Ont.; Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre (Landry), Vitalité Health Network, Horizon Health Network (MacLaggan), Moncton, NB; Memorial University of Newfoundland (Daley, McDonald), St. John's, Nfld.; Département de Pharmacie (Ang), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Richmond Hospital (Chang), Richmond, BC; Lions Gate Hospital (Lin, Malfair), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infection Prevention and Control (Leung), Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC; North York General Hospital (Katz), North York, Ont.; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Pauwels, Goossens, Versporten), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (Conly), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - Jacqueline Roberts
- Health PEI (German, Lutes), Charlottetown, PEI; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette, Thirion), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Pharmacy (Caissy, Thirion), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Vancouver General Hospital (Grant), Vancouver, BC; Montreal Children's Hospital (Lefebvre), Montréal, Que.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital (Roberts), Smiths Falls, Ont.; Fraser Health (Afra), Surrey, BC; Université de Sherbrooke (Valiquette), Sherbrooke, Que.; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Émond), Montréal, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec (Carrier), Trois-Rivières, Que.; Centre hospitalier de Lanaudière (Lauzon-Laurin), Joliette Saint-Charles-Borromée, Que.; McGill University (Nguyen) Montréal, Que.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne (Al-Bachari), Longueuil, Que.; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Kosar, Peermohamed), Saskatoon, Sask.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Science), Toronto, Ont.; Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre (Landry), Vitalité Health Network, Horizon Health Network (MacLaggan), Moncton, NB; Memorial University of Newfoundland (Daley, McDonald), St. John's, Nfld.; Département de Pharmacie (Ang), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Richmond Hospital (Chang), Richmond, BC; Lions Gate Hospital (Lin, Malfair), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infection Prevention and Control (Leung), Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC; North York General Hospital (Katz), North York, Ont.; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Pauwels, Goossens, Versporten), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (Conly), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - Kevin Afra
- Health PEI (German, Lutes), Charlottetown, PEI; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette, Thirion), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Pharmacy (Caissy, Thirion), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Vancouver General Hospital (Grant), Vancouver, BC; Montreal Children's Hospital (Lefebvre), Montréal, Que.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital (Roberts), Smiths Falls, Ont.; Fraser Health (Afra), Surrey, BC; Université de Sherbrooke (Valiquette), Sherbrooke, Que.; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Émond), Montréal, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec (Carrier), Trois-Rivières, Que.; Centre hospitalier de Lanaudière (Lauzon-Laurin), Joliette Saint-Charles-Borromée, Que.; McGill University (Nguyen) Montréal, Que.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne (Al-Bachari), Longueuil, Que.; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Kosar, Peermohamed), Saskatoon, Sask.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Science), Toronto, Ont.; Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre (Landry), Vitalité Health Network, Horizon Health Network (MacLaggan), Moncton, NB; Memorial University of Newfoundland (Daley, McDonald), St. John's, Nfld.; Département de Pharmacie (Ang), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Richmond Hospital (Chang), Richmond, BC; Lions Gate Hospital (Lin, Malfair), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infection Prevention and Control (Leung), Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC; North York General Hospital (Katz), North York, Ont.; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Pauwels, Goossens, Versporten), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (Conly), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - Louis Valiquette
- Health PEI (German, Lutes), Charlottetown, PEI; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette, Thirion), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Pharmacy (Caissy, Thirion), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Vancouver General Hospital (Grant), Vancouver, BC; Montreal Children's Hospital (Lefebvre), Montréal, Que.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital (Roberts), Smiths Falls, Ont.; Fraser Health (Afra), Surrey, BC; Université de Sherbrooke (Valiquette), Sherbrooke, Que.; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Émond), Montréal, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec (Carrier), Trois-Rivières, Que.; Centre hospitalier de Lanaudière (Lauzon-Laurin), Joliette Saint-Charles-Borromée, Que.; McGill University (Nguyen) Montréal, Que.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne (Al-Bachari), Longueuil, Que.; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Kosar, Peermohamed), Saskatoon, Sask.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Science), Toronto, Ont.; Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre (Landry), Vitalité Health Network, Horizon Health Network (MacLaggan), Moncton, NB; Memorial University of Newfoundland (Daley, McDonald), St. John's, Nfld.; Département de Pharmacie (Ang), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Richmond Hospital (Chang), Richmond, BC; Lions Gate Hospital (Lin, Malfair), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infection Prevention and Control (Leung), Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC; North York General Hospital (Katz), North York, Ont.; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Pauwels, Goossens, Versporten), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (Conly), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - Yannick Émond
- Health PEI (German, Lutes), Charlottetown, PEI; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette, Thirion), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Pharmacy (Caissy, Thirion), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Vancouver General Hospital (Grant), Vancouver, BC; Montreal Children's Hospital (Lefebvre), Montréal, Que.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital (Roberts), Smiths Falls, Ont.; Fraser Health (Afra), Surrey, BC; Université de Sherbrooke (Valiquette), Sherbrooke, Que.; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Émond), Montréal, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec (Carrier), Trois-Rivières, Que.; Centre hospitalier de Lanaudière (Lauzon-Laurin), Joliette Saint-Charles-Borromée, Que.; McGill University (Nguyen) Montréal, Que.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne (Al-Bachari), Longueuil, Que.; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Kosar, Peermohamed), Saskatoon, Sask.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Science), Toronto, Ont.; Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre (Landry), Vitalité Health Network, Horizon Health Network (MacLaggan), Moncton, NB; Memorial University of Newfoundland (Daley, McDonald), St. John's, Nfld.; Département de Pharmacie (Ang), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Richmond Hospital (Chang), Richmond, BC; Lions Gate Hospital (Lin, Malfair), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infection Prevention and Control (Leung), Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC; North York General Hospital (Katz), North York, Ont.; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Pauwels, Goossens, Versporten), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (Conly), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - Marie Carrier
- Health PEI (German, Lutes), Charlottetown, PEI; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette, Thirion), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Pharmacy (Caissy, Thirion), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Vancouver General Hospital (Grant), Vancouver, BC; Montreal Children's Hospital (Lefebvre), Montréal, Que.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital (Roberts), Smiths Falls, Ont.; Fraser Health (Afra), Surrey, BC; Université de Sherbrooke (Valiquette), Sherbrooke, Que.; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Émond), Montréal, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec (Carrier), Trois-Rivières, Que.; Centre hospitalier de Lanaudière (Lauzon-Laurin), Joliette Saint-Charles-Borromée, Que.; McGill University (Nguyen) Montréal, Que.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne (Al-Bachari), Longueuil, Que.; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Kosar, Peermohamed), Saskatoon, Sask.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Science), Toronto, Ont.; Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre (Landry), Vitalité Health Network, Horizon Health Network (MacLaggan), Moncton, NB; Memorial University of Newfoundland (Daley, McDonald), St. John's, Nfld.; Département de Pharmacie (Ang), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Richmond Hospital (Chang), Richmond, BC; Lions Gate Hospital (Lin, Malfair), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infection Prevention and Control (Leung), Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC; North York General Hospital (Katz), North York, Ont.; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Pauwels, Goossens, Versporten), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (Conly), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - Anaïs Lauzon-Laurin
- Health PEI (German, Lutes), Charlottetown, PEI; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette, Thirion), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Pharmacy (Caissy, Thirion), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Vancouver General Hospital (Grant), Vancouver, BC; Montreal Children's Hospital (Lefebvre), Montréal, Que.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital (Roberts), Smiths Falls, Ont.; Fraser Health (Afra), Surrey, BC; Université de Sherbrooke (Valiquette), Sherbrooke, Que.; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Émond), Montréal, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec (Carrier), Trois-Rivières, Que.; Centre hospitalier de Lanaudière (Lauzon-Laurin), Joliette Saint-Charles-Borromée, Que.; McGill University (Nguyen) Montréal, Que.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne (Al-Bachari), Longueuil, Que.; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Kosar, Peermohamed), Saskatoon, Sask.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Science), Toronto, Ont.; Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre (Landry), Vitalité Health Network, Horizon Health Network (MacLaggan), Moncton, NB; Memorial University of Newfoundland (Daley, McDonald), St. John's, Nfld.; Département de Pharmacie (Ang), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Richmond Hospital (Chang), Richmond, BC; Lions Gate Hospital (Lin, Malfair), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infection Prevention and Control (Leung), Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC; North York General Hospital (Katz), North York, Ont.; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Pauwels, Goossens, Versporten), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (Conly), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - Trong Tien Nguyen
- Health PEI (German, Lutes), Charlottetown, PEI; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette, Thirion), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Pharmacy (Caissy, Thirion), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Vancouver General Hospital (Grant), Vancouver, BC; Montreal Children's Hospital (Lefebvre), Montréal, Que.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital (Roberts), Smiths Falls, Ont.; Fraser Health (Afra), Surrey, BC; Université de Sherbrooke (Valiquette), Sherbrooke, Que.; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Émond), Montréal, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec (Carrier), Trois-Rivières, Que.; Centre hospitalier de Lanaudière (Lauzon-Laurin), Joliette Saint-Charles-Borromée, Que.; McGill University (Nguyen) Montréal, Que.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne (Al-Bachari), Longueuil, Que.; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Kosar, Peermohamed), Saskatoon, Sask.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Science), Toronto, Ont.; Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre (Landry), Vitalité Health Network, Horizon Health Network (MacLaggan), Moncton, NB; Memorial University of Newfoundland (Daley, McDonald), St. John's, Nfld.; Département de Pharmacie (Ang), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Richmond Hospital (Chang), Richmond, BC; Lions Gate Hospital (Lin, Malfair), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infection Prevention and Control (Leung), Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC; North York General Hospital (Katz), North York, Ont.; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Pauwels, Goossens, Versporten), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (Conly), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - Hamed Al-Bachari
- Health PEI (German, Lutes), Charlottetown, PEI; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette, Thirion), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Pharmacy (Caissy, Thirion), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Vancouver General Hospital (Grant), Vancouver, BC; Montreal Children's Hospital (Lefebvre), Montréal, Que.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital (Roberts), Smiths Falls, Ont.; Fraser Health (Afra), Surrey, BC; Université de Sherbrooke (Valiquette), Sherbrooke, Que.; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Émond), Montréal, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec (Carrier), Trois-Rivières, Que.; Centre hospitalier de Lanaudière (Lauzon-Laurin), Joliette Saint-Charles-Borromée, Que.; McGill University (Nguyen) Montréal, Que.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne (Al-Bachari), Longueuil, Que.; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Kosar, Peermohamed), Saskatoon, Sask.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Science), Toronto, Ont.; Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre (Landry), Vitalité Health Network, Horizon Health Network (MacLaggan), Moncton, NB; Memorial University of Newfoundland (Daley, McDonald), St. John's, Nfld.; Département de Pharmacie (Ang), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Richmond Hospital (Chang), Richmond, BC; Lions Gate Hospital (Lin, Malfair), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infection Prevention and Control (Leung), Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC; North York General Hospital (Katz), North York, Ont.; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Pauwels, Goossens, Versporten), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (Conly), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - Justin Kosar
- Health PEI (German, Lutes), Charlottetown, PEI; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette, Thirion), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Pharmacy (Caissy, Thirion), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Vancouver General Hospital (Grant), Vancouver, BC; Montreal Children's Hospital (Lefebvre), Montréal, Que.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital (Roberts), Smiths Falls, Ont.; Fraser Health (Afra), Surrey, BC; Université de Sherbrooke (Valiquette), Sherbrooke, Que.; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Émond), Montréal, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec (Carrier), Trois-Rivières, Que.; Centre hospitalier de Lanaudière (Lauzon-Laurin), Joliette Saint-Charles-Borromée, Que.; McGill University (Nguyen) Montréal, Que.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne (Al-Bachari), Longueuil, Que.; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Kosar, Peermohamed), Saskatoon, Sask.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Science), Toronto, Ont.; Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre (Landry), Vitalité Health Network, Horizon Health Network (MacLaggan), Moncton, NB; Memorial University of Newfoundland (Daley, McDonald), St. John's, Nfld.; Département de Pharmacie (Ang), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Richmond Hospital (Chang), Richmond, BC; Lions Gate Hospital (Lin, Malfair), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infection Prevention and Control (Leung), Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC; North York General Hospital (Katz), North York, Ont.; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Pauwels, Goossens, Versporten), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (Conly), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - Shaqil Peermohamed
- Health PEI (German, Lutes), Charlottetown, PEI; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette, Thirion), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Pharmacy (Caissy, Thirion), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Vancouver General Hospital (Grant), Vancouver, BC; Montreal Children's Hospital (Lefebvre), Montréal, Que.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital (Roberts), Smiths Falls, Ont.; Fraser Health (Afra), Surrey, BC; Université de Sherbrooke (Valiquette), Sherbrooke, Que.; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Émond), Montréal, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec (Carrier), Trois-Rivières, Que.; Centre hospitalier de Lanaudière (Lauzon-Laurin), Joliette Saint-Charles-Borromée, Que.; McGill University (Nguyen) Montréal, Que.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne (Al-Bachari), Longueuil, Que.; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Kosar, Peermohamed), Saskatoon, Sask.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Science), Toronto, Ont.; Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre (Landry), Vitalité Health Network, Horizon Health Network (MacLaggan), Moncton, NB; Memorial University of Newfoundland (Daley, McDonald), St. John's, Nfld.; Département de Pharmacie (Ang), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Richmond Hospital (Chang), Richmond, BC; Lions Gate Hospital (Lin, Malfair), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infection Prevention and Control (Leung), Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC; North York General Hospital (Katz), North York, Ont.; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Pauwels, Goossens, Versporten), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (Conly), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - Michelle Science
- Health PEI (German, Lutes), Charlottetown, PEI; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette, Thirion), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Pharmacy (Caissy, Thirion), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Vancouver General Hospital (Grant), Vancouver, BC; Montreal Children's Hospital (Lefebvre), Montréal, Que.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital (Roberts), Smiths Falls, Ont.; Fraser Health (Afra), Surrey, BC; Université de Sherbrooke (Valiquette), Sherbrooke, Que.; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Émond), Montréal, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec (Carrier), Trois-Rivières, Que.; Centre hospitalier de Lanaudière (Lauzon-Laurin), Joliette Saint-Charles-Borromée, Que.; McGill University (Nguyen) Montréal, Que.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne (Al-Bachari), Longueuil, Que.; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Kosar, Peermohamed), Saskatoon, Sask.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Science), Toronto, Ont.; Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre (Landry), Vitalité Health Network, Horizon Health Network (MacLaggan), Moncton, NB; Memorial University of Newfoundland (Daley, McDonald), St. John's, Nfld.; Département de Pharmacie (Ang), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Richmond Hospital (Chang), Richmond, BC; Lions Gate Hospital (Lin, Malfair), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infection Prevention and Control (Leung), Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC; North York General Hospital (Katz), North York, Ont.; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Pauwels, Goossens, Versporten), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (Conly), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - Daniel Landry
- Health PEI (German, Lutes), Charlottetown, PEI; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette, Thirion), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Pharmacy (Caissy, Thirion), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Vancouver General Hospital (Grant), Vancouver, BC; Montreal Children's Hospital (Lefebvre), Montréal, Que.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital (Roberts), Smiths Falls, Ont.; Fraser Health (Afra), Surrey, BC; Université de Sherbrooke (Valiquette), Sherbrooke, Que.; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Émond), Montréal, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec (Carrier), Trois-Rivières, Que.; Centre hospitalier de Lanaudière (Lauzon-Laurin), Joliette Saint-Charles-Borromée, Que.; McGill University (Nguyen) Montréal, Que.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne (Al-Bachari), Longueuil, Que.; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Kosar, Peermohamed), Saskatoon, Sask.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Science), Toronto, Ont.; Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre (Landry), Vitalité Health Network, Horizon Health Network (MacLaggan), Moncton, NB; Memorial University of Newfoundland (Daley, McDonald), St. John's, Nfld.; Département de Pharmacie (Ang), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Richmond Hospital (Chang), Richmond, BC; Lions Gate Hospital (Lin, Malfair), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infection Prevention and Control (Leung), Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC; North York General Hospital (Katz), North York, Ont.; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Pauwels, Goossens, Versporten), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (Conly), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - Timothy MacLaggan
- Health PEI (German, Lutes), Charlottetown, PEI; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette, Thirion), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Pharmacy (Caissy, Thirion), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Vancouver General Hospital (Grant), Vancouver, BC; Montreal Children's Hospital (Lefebvre), Montréal, Que.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital (Roberts), Smiths Falls, Ont.; Fraser Health (Afra), Surrey, BC; Université de Sherbrooke (Valiquette), Sherbrooke, Que.; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Émond), Montréal, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec (Carrier), Trois-Rivières, Que.; Centre hospitalier de Lanaudière (Lauzon-Laurin), Joliette Saint-Charles-Borromée, Que.; McGill University (Nguyen) Montréal, Que.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne (Al-Bachari), Longueuil, Que.; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Kosar, Peermohamed), Saskatoon, Sask.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Science), Toronto, Ont.; Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre (Landry), Vitalité Health Network, Horizon Health Network (MacLaggan), Moncton, NB; Memorial University of Newfoundland (Daley, McDonald), St. John's, Nfld.; Département de Pharmacie (Ang), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Richmond Hospital (Chang), Richmond, BC; Lions Gate Hospital (Lin, Malfair), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infection Prevention and Control (Leung), Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC; North York General Hospital (Katz), North York, Ont.; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Pauwels, Goossens, Versporten), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (Conly), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - Peter Daley
- Health PEI (German, Lutes), Charlottetown, PEI; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette, Thirion), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Pharmacy (Caissy, Thirion), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Vancouver General Hospital (Grant), Vancouver, BC; Montreal Children's Hospital (Lefebvre), Montréal, Que.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital (Roberts), Smiths Falls, Ont.; Fraser Health (Afra), Surrey, BC; Université de Sherbrooke (Valiquette), Sherbrooke, Que.; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Émond), Montréal, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec (Carrier), Trois-Rivières, Que.; Centre hospitalier de Lanaudière (Lauzon-Laurin), Joliette Saint-Charles-Borromée, Que.; McGill University (Nguyen) Montréal, Que.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne (Al-Bachari), Longueuil, Que.; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Kosar, Peermohamed), Saskatoon, Sask.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Science), Toronto, Ont.; Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre (Landry), Vitalité Health Network, Horizon Health Network (MacLaggan), Moncton, NB; Memorial University of Newfoundland (Daley, McDonald), St. John's, Nfld.; Département de Pharmacie (Ang), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Richmond Hospital (Chang), Richmond, BC; Lions Gate Hospital (Lin, Malfair), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infection Prevention and Control (Leung), Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC; North York General Hospital (Katz), North York, Ont.; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Pauwels, Goossens, Versporten), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (Conly), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - Gerald McDonald
- Health PEI (German, Lutes), Charlottetown, PEI; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette, Thirion), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Pharmacy (Caissy, Thirion), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Vancouver General Hospital (Grant), Vancouver, BC; Montreal Children's Hospital (Lefebvre), Montréal, Que.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital (Roberts), Smiths Falls, Ont.; Fraser Health (Afra), Surrey, BC; Université de Sherbrooke (Valiquette), Sherbrooke, Que.; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Émond), Montréal, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec (Carrier), Trois-Rivières, Que.; Centre hospitalier de Lanaudière (Lauzon-Laurin), Joliette Saint-Charles-Borromée, Que.; McGill University (Nguyen) Montréal, Que.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne (Al-Bachari), Longueuil, Que.; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Kosar, Peermohamed), Saskatoon, Sask.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Science), Toronto, Ont.; Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre (Landry), Vitalité Health Network, Horizon Health Network (MacLaggan), Moncton, NB; Memorial University of Newfoundland (Daley, McDonald), St. John's, Nfld.; Département de Pharmacie (Ang), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Richmond Hospital (Chang), Richmond, BC; Lions Gate Hospital (Lin, Malfair), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infection Prevention and Control (Leung), Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC; North York General Hospital (Katz), North York, Ont.; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Pauwels, Goossens, Versporten), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (Conly), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - Anita Ang
- Health PEI (German, Lutes), Charlottetown, PEI; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette, Thirion), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Pharmacy (Caissy, Thirion), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Vancouver General Hospital (Grant), Vancouver, BC; Montreal Children's Hospital (Lefebvre), Montréal, Que.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital (Roberts), Smiths Falls, Ont.; Fraser Health (Afra), Surrey, BC; Université de Sherbrooke (Valiquette), Sherbrooke, Que.; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Émond), Montréal, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec (Carrier), Trois-Rivières, Que.; Centre hospitalier de Lanaudière (Lauzon-Laurin), Joliette Saint-Charles-Borromée, Que.; McGill University (Nguyen) Montréal, Que.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne (Al-Bachari), Longueuil, Que.; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Kosar, Peermohamed), Saskatoon, Sask.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Science), Toronto, Ont.; Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre (Landry), Vitalité Health Network, Horizon Health Network (MacLaggan), Moncton, NB; Memorial University of Newfoundland (Daley, McDonald), St. John's, Nfld.; Département de Pharmacie (Ang), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Richmond Hospital (Chang), Richmond, BC; Lions Gate Hospital (Lin, Malfair), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infection Prevention and Control (Leung), Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC; North York General Hospital (Katz), North York, Ont.; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Pauwels, Goossens, Versporten), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (Conly), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - Sandra Chang
- Health PEI (German, Lutes), Charlottetown, PEI; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette, Thirion), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Pharmacy (Caissy, Thirion), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Vancouver General Hospital (Grant), Vancouver, BC; Montreal Children's Hospital (Lefebvre), Montréal, Que.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital (Roberts), Smiths Falls, Ont.; Fraser Health (Afra), Surrey, BC; Université de Sherbrooke (Valiquette), Sherbrooke, Que.; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Émond), Montréal, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec (Carrier), Trois-Rivières, Que.; Centre hospitalier de Lanaudière (Lauzon-Laurin), Joliette Saint-Charles-Borromée, Que.; McGill University (Nguyen) Montréal, Que.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne (Al-Bachari), Longueuil, Que.; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Kosar, Peermohamed), Saskatoon, Sask.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Science), Toronto, Ont.; Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre (Landry), Vitalité Health Network, Horizon Health Network (MacLaggan), Moncton, NB; Memorial University of Newfoundland (Daley, McDonald), St. John's, Nfld.; Département de Pharmacie (Ang), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Richmond Hospital (Chang), Richmond, BC; Lions Gate Hospital (Lin, Malfair), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infection Prevention and Control (Leung), Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC; North York General Hospital (Katz), North York, Ont.; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Pauwels, Goossens, Versporten), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (Conly), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - Yu-Chen Lin
- Health PEI (German, Lutes), Charlottetown, PEI; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette, Thirion), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Pharmacy (Caissy, Thirion), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Vancouver General Hospital (Grant), Vancouver, BC; Montreal Children's Hospital (Lefebvre), Montréal, Que.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital (Roberts), Smiths Falls, Ont.; Fraser Health (Afra), Surrey, BC; Université de Sherbrooke (Valiquette), Sherbrooke, Que.; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Émond), Montréal, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec (Carrier), Trois-Rivières, Que.; Centre hospitalier de Lanaudière (Lauzon-Laurin), Joliette Saint-Charles-Borromée, Que.; McGill University (Nguyen) Montréal, Que.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne (Al-Bachari), Longueuil, Que.; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Kosar, Peermohamed), Saskatoon, Sask.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Science), Toronto, Ont.; Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre (Landry), Vitalité Health Network, Horizon Health Network (MacLaggan), Moncton, NB; Memorial University of Newfoundland (Daley, McDonald), St. John's, Nfld.; Département de Pharmacie (Ang), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Richmond Hospital (Chang), Richmond, BC; Lions Gate Hospital (Lin, Malfair), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infection Prevention and Control (Leung), Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC; North York General Hospital (Katz), North York, Ont.; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Pauwels, Goossens, Versporten), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (Conly), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - Brandon Tong
- Health PEI (German, Lutes), Charlottetown, PEI; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette, Thirion), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Pharmacy (Caissy, Thirion), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Vancouver General Hospital (Grant), Vancouver, BC; Montreal Children's Hospital (Lefebvre), Montréal, Que.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital (Roberts), Smiths Falls, Ont.; Fraser Health (Afra), Surrey, BC; Université de Sherbrooke (Valiquette), Sherbrooke, Que.; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Émond), Montréal, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec (Carrier), Trois-Rivières, Que.; Centre hospitalier de Lanaudière (Lauzon-Laurin), Joliette Saint-Charles-Borromée, Que.; McGill University (Nguyen) Montréal, Que.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne (Al-Bachari), Longueuil, Que.; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Kosar, Peermohamed), Saskatoon, Sask.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Science), Toronto, Ont.; Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre (Landry), Vitalité Health Network, Horizon Health Network (MacLaggan), Moncton, NB; Memorial University of Newfoundland (Daley, McDonald), St. John's, Nfld.; Département de Pharmacie (Ang), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Richmond Hospital (Chang), Richmond, BC; Lions Gate Hospital (Lin, Malfair), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infection Prevention and Control (Leung), Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC; North York General Hospital (Katz), North York, Ont.; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Pauwels, Goossens, Versporten), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (Conly), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - Suzanne Malfair
- Health PEI (German, Lutes), Charlottetown, PEI; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette, Thirion), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Pharmacy (Caissy, Thirion), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Vancouver General Hospital (Grant), Vancouver, BC; Montreal Children's Hospital (Lefebvre), Montréal, Que.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital (Roberts), Smiths Falls, Ont.; Fraser Health (Afra), Surrey, BC; Université de Sherbrooke (Valiquette), Sherbrooke, Que.; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Émond), Montréal, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec (Carrier), Trois-Rivières, Que.; Centre hospitalier de Lanaudière (Lauzon-Laurin), Joliette Saint-Charles-Borromée, Que.; McGill University (Nguyen) Montréal, Que.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne (Al-Bachari), Longueuil, Que.; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Kosar, Peermohamed), Saskatoon, Sask.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Science), Toronto, Ont.; Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre (Landry), Vitalité Health Network, Horizon Health Network (MacLaggan), Moncton, NB; Memorial University of Newfoundland (Daley, McDonald), St. John's, Nfld.; Département de Pharmacie (Ang), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Richmond Hospital (Chang), Richmond, BC; Lions Gate Hospital (Lin, Malfair), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infection Prevention and Control (Leung), Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC; North York General Hospital (Katz), North York, Ont.; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Pauwels, Goossens, Versporten), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (Conly), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - Victor Leung
- Health PEI (German, Lutes), Charlottetown, PEI; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette, Thirion), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Pharmacy (Caissy, Thirion), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Vancouver General Hospital (Grant), Vancouver, BC; Montreal Children's Hospital (Lefebvre), Montréal, Que.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital (Roberts), Smiths Falls, Ont.; Fraser Health (Afra), Surrey, BC; Université de Sherbrooke (Valiquette), Sherbrooke, Que.; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Émond), Montréal, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec (Carrier), Trois-Rivières, Que.; Centre hospitalier de Lanaudière (Lauzon-Laurin), Joliette Saint-Charles-Borromée, Que.; McGill University (Nguyen) Montréal, Que.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne (Al-Bachari), Longueuil, Que.; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Kosar, Peermohamed), Saskatoon, Sask.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Science), Toronto, Ont.; Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre (Landry), Vitalité Health Network, Horizon Health Network (MacLaggan), Moncton, NB; Memorial University of Newfoundland (Daley, McDonald), St. John's, Nfld.; Département de Pharmacie (Ang), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Richmond Hospital (Chang), Richmond, BC; Lions Gate Hospital (Lin, Malfair), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infection Prevention and Control (Leung), Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC; North York General Hospital (Katz), North York, Ont.; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Pauwels, Goossens, Versporten), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (Conly), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - Kevin Katz
- Health PEI (German, Lutes), Charlottetown, PEI; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette, Thirion), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Pharmacy (Caissy, Thirion), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Vancouver General Hospital (Grant), Vancouver, BC; Montreal Children's Hospital (Lefebvre), Montréal, Que.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital (Roberts), Smiths Falls, Ont.; Fraser Health (Afra), Surrey, BC; Université de Sherbrooke (Valiquette), Sherbrooke, Que.; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Émond), Montréal, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec (Carrier), Trois-Rivières, Que.; Centre hospitalier de Lanaudière (Lauzon-Laurin), Joliette Saint-Charles-Borromée, Que.; McGill University (Nguyen) Montréal, Que.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne (Al-Bachari), Longueuil, Que.; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Kosar, Peermohamed), Saskatoon, Sask.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Science), Toronto, Ont.; Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre (Landry), Vitalité Health Network, Horizon Health Network (MacLaggan), Moncton, NB; Memorial University of Newfoundland (Daley, McDonald), St. John's, Nfld.; Département de Pharmacie (Ang), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Richmond Hospital (Chang), Richmond, BC; Lions Gate Hospital (Lin, Malfair), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infection Prevention and Control (Leung), Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC; North York General Hospital (Katz), North York, Ont.; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Pauwels, Goossens, Versporten), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (Conly), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - Ines Pauwels
- Health PEI (German, Lutes), Charlottetown, PEI; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette, Thirion), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Pharmacy (Caissy, Thirion), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Vancouver General Hospital (Grant), Vancouver, BC; Montreal Children's Hospital (Lefebvre), Montréal, Que.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital (Roberts), Smiths Falls, Ont.; Fraser Health (Afra), Surrey, BC; Université de Sherbrooke (Valiquette), Sherbrooke, Que.; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Émond), Montréal, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec (Carrier), Trois-Rivières, Que.; Centre hospitalier de Lanaudière (Lauzon-Laurin), Joliette Saint-Charles-Borromée, Que.; McGill University (Nguyen) Montréal, Que.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne (Al-Bachari), Longueuil, Que.; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Kosar, Peermohamed), Saskatoon, Sask.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Science), Toronto, Ont.; Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre (Landry), Vitalité Health Network, Horizon Health Network (MacLaggan), Moncton, NB; Memorial University of Newfoundland (Daley, McDonald), St. John's, Nfld.; Département de Pharmacie (Ang), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Richmond Hospital (Chang), Richmond, BC; Lions Gate Hospital (Lin, Malfair), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infection Prevention and Control (Leung), Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC; North York General Hospital (Katz), North York, Ont.; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Pauwels, Goossens, Versporten), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (Conly), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - Herman Goossens
- Health PEI (German, Lutes), Charlottetown, PEI; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette, Thirion), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Pharmacy (Caissy, Thirion), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Vancouver General Hospital (Grant), Vancouver, BC; Montreal Children's Hospital (Lefebvre), Montréal, Que.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital (Roberts), Smiths Falls, Ont.; Fraser Health (Afra), Surrey, BC; Université de Sherbrooke (Valiquette), Sherbrooke, Que.; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Émond), Montréal, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec (Carrier), Trois-Rivières, Que.; Centre hospitalier de Lanaudière (Lauzon-Laurin), Joliette Saint-Charles-Borromée, Que.; McGill University (Nguyen) Montréal, Que.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne (Al-Bachari), Longueuil, Que.; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Kosar, Peermohamed), Saskatoon, Sask.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Science), Toronto, Ont.; Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre (Landry), Vitalité Health Network, Horizon Health Network (MacLaggan), Moncton, NB; Memorial University of Newfoundland (Daley, McDonald), St. John's, Nfld.; Département de Pharmacie (Ang), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Richmond Hospital (Chang), Richmond, BC; Lions Gate Hospital (Lin, Malfair), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infection Prevention and Control (Leung), Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC; North York General Hospital (Katz), North York, Ont.; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Pauwels, Goossens, Versporten), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (Conly), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - Ann Versporten
- Health PEI (German, Lutes), Charlottetown, PEI; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette, Thirion), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Pharmacy (Caissy, Thirion), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Vancouver General Hospital (Grant), Vancouver, BC; Montreal Children's Hospital (Lefebvre), Montréal, Que.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital (Roberts), Smiths Falls, Ont.; Fraser Health (Afra), Surrey, BC; Université de Sherbrooke (Valiquette), Sherbrooke, Que.; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Émond), Montréal, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec (Carrier), Trois-Rivières, Que.; Centre hospitalier de Lanaudière (Lauzon-Laurin), Joliette Saint-Charles-Borromée, Que.; McGill University (Nguyen) Montréal, Que.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne (Al-Bachari), Longueuil, Que.; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Kosar, Peermohamed), Saskatoon, Sask.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Science), Toronto, Ont.; Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre (Landry), Vitalité Health Network, Horizon Health Network (MacLaggan), Moncton, NB; Memorial University of Newfoundland (Daley, McDonald), St. John's, Nfld.; Département de Pharmacie (Ang), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Richmond Hospital (Chang), Richmond, BC; Lions Gate Hospital (Lin, Malfair), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infection Prevention and Control (Leung), Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC; North York General Hospital (Katz), North York, Ont.; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Pauwels, Goossens, Versporten), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (Conly), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - John Conly
- Health PEI (German, Lutes), Charlottetown, PEI; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette, Thirion), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Pharmacy (Caissy, Thirion), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Vancouver General Hospital (Grant), Vancouver, BC; Montreal Children's Hospital (Lefebvre), Montréal, Que.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital (Roberts), Smiths Falls, Ont.; Fraser Health (Afra), Surrey, BC; Université de Sherbrooke (Valiquette), Sherbrooke, Que.; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Émond), Montréal, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec (Carrier), Trois-Rivières, Que.; Centre hospitalier de Lanaudière (Lauzon-Laurin), Joliette Saint-Charles-Borromée, Que.; McGill University (Nguyen) Montréal, Que.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne (Al-Bachari), Longueuil, Que.; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Kosar, Peermohamed), Saskatoon, Sask.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Science), Toronto, Ont.; Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre (Landry), Vitalité Health Network, Horizon Health Network (MacLaggan), Moncton, NB; Memorial University of Newfoundland (Daley, McDonald), St. John's, Nfld.; Département de Pharmacie (Ang), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Richmond Hospital (Chang), Richmond, BC; Lions Gate Hospital (Lin, Malfair), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infection Prevention and Control (Leung), Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC; North York General Hospital (Katz), North York, Ont.; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Pauwels, Goossens, Versporten), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (Conly), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta
| | - Daniel J G Thirion
- Health PEI (German, Lutes), Charlottetown, PEI; McGill University Health Centre (Frenette, Thirion), Montréal, Que.; Faculty of Pharmacy (Caissy, Thirion), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Vancouver General Hospital (Grant), Vancouver, BC; Montreal Children's Hospital (Lefebvre), Montréal, Que.; McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences (Mertz), Hamilton, Ont.; Mount Sinai Hospital (McGeer), Toronto, Ont.; Perth and Smiths Falls District Hospital (Roberts), Smiths Falls, Ont.; Fraser Health (Afra), Surrey, BC; Université de Sherbrooke (Valiquette), Sherbrooke, Que.; Hôpital Maisonneuve-Rosemont (Émond), Montréal, Que.; Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Mauricie-et-du-Centre-du-Québec (Carrier), Trois-Rivières, Que.; Centre hospitalier de Lanaudière (Lauzon-Laurin), Joliette Saint-Charles-Borromée, Que.; McGill University (Nguyen) Montréal, Que.; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hôpital Charles-Le Moyne (Al-Bachari), Longueuil, Que.; Saskatchewan Health Authority (Kosar, Peermohamed), Saskatoon, Sask.; The Hospital for Sick Children (Science), Toronto, Ont.; Dr. Georges-L.-Dumont University Hospital Centre (Landry), Vitalité Health Network, Horizon Health Network (MacLaggan), Moncton, NB; Memorial University of Newfoundland (Daley, McDonald), St. John's, Nfld.; Département de Pharmacie (Ang), Centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Que.; Richmond Hospital (Chang), Richmond, BC; Lions Gate Hospital (Lin, Malfair), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Tong), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC; Infection Prevention and Control (Leung), Providence Health Care, Vancouver, BC; North York General Hospital (Katz), North York, Ont.; Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Pauwels, Goossens, Versporten), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; University of Calgary and Alberta Health Services (Conly), Foothills Medical Centre, Calgary, Alta.
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