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Du Q, Wang X, Chen J, Wang Y, Liu W, Wang L, Liu H, Jiang L, Nie Z. Machine learning encodes urine and serum metabolic patterns for autoimmune disease discrimination, classification and metabolic dysregulation analysis. Analyst 2023; 148:4318-4330. [PMID: 37547947 DOI: 10.1039/d3an01051a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
There is a wide variety of autoimmune diseases (ADs) with complex pathogenesis and their accurate diagnosis is difficult to achieve because of their vague symptoms. Metabolomics has been proven to be an efficient tool in the analysis of metabolic disorders to provide clues about the mechanism and diagnosis of diseases. Previous studies of the metabolomics analysis of ADs were not competent in their discrimination. Herein, a liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS) strategy combined with machine learning is proposed for the discrimination and classification of ADs. Urine and serum samples were collected from 267 subjects consisting of 127 healthy controls (HC) and 140 AD patients, including those with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), sicca syndrome (SS), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), systemic scleroderma (SSc) and connective tissue disease (CTD). Machine learning algorithms were encoded for the discrimination and classification of ADs with metabolomic patterns obtained by LC-MS, and satisfactory results were achieved. Notably, urine samples exhibited higher accuracy for disease differentiation and triage than serum samples. Apart from that, differential metabolites were selected and metabolite panels were evaluated to demonstrate their representativeness. Metabolic dysregulations were also investigated to gain more knowledge about the pathogenesis of ADs. This research provides a promising method for the application of metabolomics combined with machine learning in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyao Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junyu Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yiran Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenlan Liu
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Liping Wang
- Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lixia Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi Province 341000, China.
| | - Zongxiu Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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2
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Pournasiri Z, Madani A, Nazarpack F, Sayer JA, Chavoshzadeh Z, Nili F, Tran P, Saba JD, Jamee M. Sphingosine phosphate lyase insufficiency syndrome: a systematic review. World J Pediatr 2023; 19:425-437. [PMID: 36371483 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-022-00615-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase insufficiency syndrome (SPLIS) or nephrotic syndrome type-14 is caused by biallelic mutations in SGPL1. Here, we conducted a systematic review to delineate the characteristics of SPLIS patients. METHODS A literature search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, and eligible studies were included. For all patients, demographic, clinical, laboratory, and molecular data were collected and analyzed. RESULTS Fifty-five SPLIS patients (54.9% male, 45.1% female) were identified in 19 articles. Parental consanguinity and positive family history were reported in 70.9% and 52.7% of patients, respectively. Most patients (54.9%) primarily manifested within the first year of life, nearly half of whom survived, while all patients with a prenatal diagnosis of SPLIS (27.5%) died at a median [interquartile (IQR)] age of 2 (1.4-5.3) months (P = 0.003). The most prevalent clinical feature was endocrinopathies, including primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) (71.2%) and hypothyroidism (32.7%). Kidney disorders (42, 80.8%) were mainly in the form of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) and progressed to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in 19 (36.5%) patients at a median (IQR) age of 6 (1.4-42.6) months. Among 30 different mutations in SGPL1, the most common was c.665G > A (p.Arg222Gln) in 11 (20%) patients. Twenty-six (49.1%) patients with available outcome were deceased at a median (IQR) age of 5 (1.5-30.5) months, mostly following ESKD (23%) or sepsis/septic shock (23%). CONCLUSION In patients with PAI and/or SRNS, SGPL1 should be added to diagnostic genetic panels, which can provide an earlier diagnosis of SPLIS and prevention of ESKD and other life-threatening complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Pournasiri
- Pediatric Nephrology Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Madani
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Children's Medical Center, Pediatric Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nazarpack
- Pediatric Nephrology Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - John A Sayer
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
- Renal Services, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE7 7DN, UK
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE45PL, Tyne and Wear, UK
| | - Zahra Chavoshzadeh
- Immunology and Allergy Department, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 15514-15468, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nili
- Department of Pathology, Imam Khomeini Complex Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Paulina Tran
- Allergy Immunology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Julie D Saba
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Mahnaz Jamee
- Pediatric Nephrology Research Center, Research Institute for Children's Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Immunology and Allergy Department, Mofid Children's Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 15514-15468, Iran.
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3
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Smith CJ, Williams JL, Hall C, Casas J, Caley MP, O'Toole EA, Prasad R, Metherell LA. Ichthyosis linked to sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase insufficiency is due to aberrant sphingolipid and calcium regulation. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100351. [PMID: 36868360 PMCID: PMC10123262 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate lyase (SGPL1) insufficiency (SPLIS) is a syndrome which presents with adrenal insufficiency, steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, hypothyroidism, neurological disease, and ichthyosis. Where a skin phenotype is reported, 94% had abnormalities such as ichthyosis, acanthosis, and hyperpigmentation. To elucidate the disease mechanism and the role SGPL1 plays in the skin barrier we established clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-Cas9 SGPL1 KO and a lentiviral-induced SGPL1 overexpression (OE) in telomerase reverse-transcriptase immortalised human keratinocytes (N/TERT-1) and thereafter organotypic skin equivalents. Loss of SGPL1 caused an accumulation of S1P, sphingosine, and ceramides, while its overexpression caused a reduction of these species. RNAseq analysis showed perturbations in sphingolipid pathway genes, particularly in SGPL1_KO, and our gene set enrichment analysis revealed polar opposite differential gene expression between SGPL1_KO and _OE in keratinocyte differentiation and Ca2+ signaling genesets. SGPL1_KO upregulated differentiation markers, while SGPL1_OE upregulated basal and proliferative markers. The advanced differentiation of SGPL1_KO was confirmed by 3D organotypic models that also presented with a thickened and retained stratum corneum and a breakdown of E-cadherin junctions. We conclude that SPLIS associated ichthyosis is a multifaceted disease caused possibly by sphingolipid imbalance and excessive S1P signaling, leading to increased differentiation and an imbalance of the lipid lamellae throughout the epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Smith
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Jack L Williams
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Hall
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Josefina Casas
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Centre (CIBEREHD), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matthew P Caley
- Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edel A O'Toole
- Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rathi Prasad
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Louise A Metherell
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Wieczorek I, Strosznajder RP. Recent Insight into the Role of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Lyase in Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076180. [PMID: 37047151 PMCID: PMC10093903 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (SPL) is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-dependent enzyme involved in the irreversible degradation of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-a bioactive sphingolipid that modulates a broad range of biological processes (cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and survival; mitochondrial functioning; and gene expression). Although SPL activity leads to a decrease in the available pool of S1P in the cell, at the same time, hexadecenal and phosphoethanolamine, compounds with potential biological activity, are generated. The increased expression and/or activity of SPL, and hence the imbalance between S1P and the end products of its cleavage, were demonstrated in several pathological states. On the other hand, loss-of-function mutations in the SPL encoding gene are a cause of severe developmental impairments. Recently, special attention has been paid to neurodegenerative diseases as the most common pathologies of the nervous system. This review summarizes the current findings concerning the role of SPL in the nervous system with an emphasis on neurodegeneration. Moreover, it briefly discusses pharmacological compounds directed to inhibit its activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iga Wieczorek
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Piotr Strosznajder
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research and Environmental Agents, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawińskiego 5 St., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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Tastemel Ozturk T, Canpolat N, Saygili S, Bayrakci US, Soylemezoglu O, Ozaltin F, Topaloglu R. A rare cause of nephrotic syndrome-sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (SGPL1) deficiency: 6 cases and a review of the literature. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:711-719. [PMID: 35748945 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-022-05656-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, recessive mutations in SGPL1 (sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase), which encodes the final enzyme of sphingolipid metabolism, have been reported to cause steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, adrenal insufficiency, and many other organ/system involvements. We aimed to determine the clinical and genetic characteristics, and outcomes in patients with SGPL1 mutations. METHODS The study included 6 patients with bi-allelic SGPL1 mutation. Clinical, genetic, and laboratory characteristics, and outcomes of the patients were evaluated retrospectively. We also reviewed previously reported patients with SGPL1 mutations and compared them to the presented patients. RESULTS The median age at kidney presentation was 5 months. Four patients (67%) were diagnosed before age 1 year. Kidney biopsy showed focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in 2 patients and diffuse mesangial sclerosis in one patient. Steroids were given to 3 patients, but they did not respond. All 6 patients progressed to chronic kidney disease; 5 required kidney replacement therapy (KRT) at a median age of 6 months. Deceased kidney transplantation was performed in one patient. All 6 patients had adrenal insufficiency, of which 5 were diagnosed at age < 6 months. Three patients had hypothyroidism, 2 had ichthyosis, 4 had immunodeficiency, 5 had neurological findings, and 2 had genitourinary system anomalies. Four patients died at a median age of 30.5 months. Two patients are being followed up with KRT. One patient had a novel mutation. CONCLUSIONS Patients with SGPL1 mutations have a poor prognosis, and many types of extrarenal organ/system involvement beyond adrenal insufficiency can be seen. Genetic diagnosis of such patients is important for treatment, genetic counseling, and screening for comorbid conditions. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugba Tastemel Ozturk
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Nur Canpolat
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Seha Saygili
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Umut Selda Bayrakci
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Oguz Soylemezoglu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatih Ozaltin
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
- Nephrogenetics Laboratory, Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rezan Topaloglu
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Sihhiye, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
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6
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Yang S, He Y, Zhou J, Yuan H, Qiu L. Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome associated with certain SGPL1 variants in a family: Case report and literature review. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1079758. [PMID: 36873630 PMCID: PMC9978203 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1079758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is a clinical syndrome characterized by the lack of response to standard steroid therapy, usually progressing to end-stage renal disease. We reported two cases of female identical twins with SRNS caused by SGPL1 variants in one family, reviewed the relevant literature, and summarized their clinical phenotypes, pathological types, and genotypic characteristics. METHODS Two cases of nephrotic syndrome caused by SGPL1 variants were admitted to Tongji Hospital, affiliated with Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology. Their clinical data were retrospectively collected, and the peripheral blood genomic DNA was captured and sequenced by whole exome sequencing. Related literature published in PubMed, CNKI, and Wan fang databases was reviewed. RESULTS We described two Chinese identical twin girls with isolated SRNS due to compound heterozygous variants in the SGPL1 (intron4 c.261 + 1G > A and intron12 c.1298 + 6T > C). The patients were followed up for 60.0 months and 53.0 months, respectively, having no extra-renal manifestations. They all died due to renal failure. A total of 31 children with SGPL1 variants causing nephrotic syndrome (including the reported two cases) were identified through a literature review. CONCLUSIONS These two female identical twins were the first reported cases of isolated SRNS caused by SGPL1 variants. Almost all homozygous and compound heterozygous variants of SGPL1 had extra-renal manifestations, but compound heterozygous variants in the intron of SGPL1 may have no obvious extra-renal manifestations. Additionally, a negative genetic testing result does not completely rule out genetic SRNS because the Human Gene Mutation Database or ClinVar is constantly being updated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siying Yang
- The Nephrology Division of Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonghua He
- The Nephrology Division of Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- The Nephrology Division of Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiqing Yuan
- The Nephrology Division of Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liru Qiu
- The Nephrology Division of Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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7
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Ron HA, Scobell R, Strong A, Salazar EG, Ganetzky R. Congenital adrenal calcifications as the first clinical indication of sphingosine lyase insufficiency syndrome: A case report and review of the literature. Am J Med Genet A 2022; 188:3312-3317. [PMID: 35972040 PMCID: PMC9548492 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.62956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine Lyase Insufficiency Syndrome (SPLIS) or SGPL1 Deficiency is a newly described entity that is characterized by steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome, primary adrenal insufficiency, lymphopenia, ichthyosis, and/or endocrine and neurologic abnormalities. The earliest identification of SGPL1 pathogenic variants in association with this syndrome was reported in 2017. Since then, at least 36 patients have been reported with this pediatric syndrome. Here, we report a new patient with SPLIS who had a prenatal finding of adrenal calcifications, congenital nephrotic syndrome, and abnormal newborn screening concerning for Severe Combined Immunodeficiency. We conclude that SPLIS is a clinically recognizable condition with prenatal onset. This case should increase awareness of SPLIS in the differential diagnosis for adrenal calcifications. We present a case on the severe end of the clinical spectrum of SPLIS, and a review of the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley A. Ron
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rebecca Scobell
- Division of Nephrology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amy Strong
- Division of Nephrology, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth G. Salazar
- Division of Neonatalogy, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rebecca Ganetzky
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Maharaj A, Kwong R, Williams J, Smith C, Storr H, Krone R, Braslavsky D, Clemente M, Ram N, Banerjee I, Çetinkaya S, Buonocore F, Güran T, Achermann JC, Metherell L, Prasad R. A retrospective analysis of endocrine disease in sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase insufficiency: case series and literature review. Endocr Connect 2022; 11:e220250. [PMID: 35904228 PMCID: PMC9346324 DOI: 10.1530/ec-22-0250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (SGPL1) insufficiency syndrome (SPLIS) is an autosomal recessive multi-system disorder, which mainly incorporates steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and primary adrenal insufficiency. Other variable endocrine manifestations are described. In this study, we aimed to comprehensively annotate the endocrinopathies associated with pathogenic SGPL1 variants and assess for genotype-phenotype correlations by retrospectively reviewing the reports of endocrine disease within our patient cohort and all published cases in the wider literature up to February 2022. Glucocorticoid insufficiency in early childhood is the most common endocrine manifestation affecting 64% of the 50 patients reported with SPLIS, and a third of these individuals have additional mineralocorticoid deficiency. While most individuals also have nephrotic syndrome, SGPL1 variants also account for isolated adrenal insufficiency at presentation. Primary gonadal insufficiency, manifesting with microphallus and cryptorchidism, is reported in less than one-third of affected boys, all with concomitant adrenal disease. Mild primary hypothyroidism affects approximately a third of patients. There is paucity of data on the impact of SGPL1 deficiency on growth, and pubertal development, limited by the early and high mortality rate (approximately 50%). There is no clear genotype-phenotype correlation overall in the syndrome, with variable disease penetrance within individual kindreds. However, with regards to endocrine phenotype, the most prevalent disease variant p.R222Q (affecting 22%) is most consistently associated with isolated glucocorticoid deficiency. To conclude, SPLIS is associated with significant multiple endocrine disorders. While endocrinopathy in the syndrome generally presents in infancy, late-onset disease also occurs. Screening for these is therefore warranted both at diagnosis and through follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinaash Maharaj
- Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ruth Kwong
- Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Jack Williams
- Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Christopher Smith
- Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Helen Storr
- Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Ruth Krone
- Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Debora Braslavsky
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas ‘Dr. Cesar Bergadá’ (CEDIE) – CONICET – FEI – División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños ‘Ricardo Gutiérrez’, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Clemente
- Paediatric Endocrinology, Growth and Development Research Unit, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Hospital Vall d’Hebron, CIBERER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nanik Ram
- Department of Endocrinology, The Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Indraneel Banerjee
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester, UK
| | - Semra Çetinkaya
- Health Sciences University, Dr. Sami Ulus Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Children’s Health and Disease Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Federica Buonocore
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tülay Güran
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Marmara University, School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - John C Achermann
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Louise Metherell
- Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Rathi Prasad
- Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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Yang W, Zhou B, Liu Q, Liu T, Wang H, Zhang P, Lu L, Zhang L, Zhang F, Huang R, Zhou J, Chao T, Gu Y, Lee S, Wang H, Liang Y, He L. A Murine Point Mutation of Sgpl1 Skin Is Enriched With Vγ6 IL17-Producing Cell and Revealed With Hyperpigmentation After Imiquimod Treatment. Front Immunol 2022; 13:728455. [PMID: 35769463 PMCID: PMC9234551 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.728455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase is encoded by the Sgpl1 gene, degrades S1P, and is crucial for S1P homeostasis in animal models and humans. S1P lyase deficient patients suffer from adrenal insufficiency, severe lymphopenia, and skin disorders. In this study, we used random mutagenesis screening to identify a mouse line carrying a missense mutation of Sgpl1 (M467K). This mutation caused similar pathologies as Sgpl1 knock-out mice in multiple organs, but greatly preserved its lifespan, which M467K mutation mice look normal under SPF conditions for over 40 weeks, in contrast, the knock-out mice live no more than 6 weeks. When treated with Imiquimod, Sgpl1M467K mice experienced exacerbated skin inflammation, as revealed by aggravated acanthosis and orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis. We also demonstrated that the IL17a producing Vγ6+ cell was enriched in Sgpl1M467K skin and caused severe pathology after imiquimod treatment. Interestingly, hyperchromic plaque occurred in the mutant mice one month after Imiquimod treatment but not in the controls, which resembled the skin disorder found in Sgpl1 deficient patients. Therefore, our results demonstrate that Sgpl1M467K point mutation mice successfully modeled a human disease after being treated with Imiquimod. We also revealed a major subset of γδT cells in the skin, IL17 secreting Vγ6 T cells were augmented by Sgpl1 deficiency and led to skin pathology. Therefore, we have, for the first time, linked the IL17a and γδT cells to SPL insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Yang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Binhui Zhou
- Laboratory of Genetic Regulators in the Immune System, Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Laboratory of Mouse Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qi Liu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Taozhen Liu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Huijie Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Pei Zhang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Liaoxun Lu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Laboratory of Mouse Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lichen Zhang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Fanghui Zhang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- CeleScreen SAS, Paris, France
| | - Rong Huang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jitong Zhou
- Laboratory of Mouse Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tianzhu Chao
- Laboratory of Mouse Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yanrong Gu
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | | | - Hui Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Wang, ; Yinming Liang, ; Le He,
| | - Yinming Liang
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Laboratory of Mouse Genetics, Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Wang, ; Yinming Liang, ; Le He,
| | - Le He
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Immunology and Targeted Therapy, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Laboratory Medicine, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Wang, ; Yinming Liang, ; Le He,
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10
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Mechanisms of podocyte injury and implications for diabetic nephropathy. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:493-520. [PMID: 35415751 PMCID: PMC9008595 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Albuminuria is the hallmark of both primary and secondary proteinuric glomerulopathies, including focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), obesity-related nephropathy, and diabetic nephropathy (DN). Moreover, albuminuria is an important feature of all chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Podocytes play a key role in maintaining the permselectivity of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB) and injury of the podocyte, leading to foot process (FP) effacement and podocyte loss, the unifying underlying mechanism of proteinuric glomerulopathies. The metabolic insult of hyperglycemia is of paramount importance in the pathogenesis of DN, while insults leading to podocyte damage are poorly defined in other proteinuric glomerulopathies. However, shared mechanisms of podocyte damage have been identified. Herein, we will review the role of haemodynamic and oxidative stress, inflammation, lipotoxicity, endocannabinoid (EC) hypertone, and both mitochondrial and autophagic dysfunction in the pathogenesis of the podocyte damage, focussing particularly on their role in the pathogenesis of DN. Gaining a better insight into the mechanisms of podocyte injury may provide novel targets for treatment. Moreover, novel strategies for boosting podocyte repair may open the way to podocyte regenerative medicine.
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11
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Mallela SK, Merscher S, Fornoni A. Implications of Sphingolipid Metabolites in Kidney Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084244. [PMID: 35457062 PMCID: PMC9025012 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids, which act as a bioactive signaling molecules, are involved in several cellular processes such as cell survival, proliferation, migration and apoptosis. An imbalance in the levels of sphingolipids can be lethal to cells. Abnormalities in the levels of sphingolipids are associated with several human diseases including kidney diseases. Several studies demonstrate that sphingolipids play an important role in maintaining proper renal function. Sphingolipids can alter the glomerular filtration barrier by affecting the functioning of podocytes, which are key cellular components of the glomerular filtration barrier. This review summarizes the studies in our understanding of the regulation of sphingolipid signaling in kidney diseases, especially in glomerular and tubulointerstitial diseases, and the potential to target sphingolipid pathways in developing therapeutics for the treatment of renal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamroop kumar Mallela
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sandra Merscher
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (A.F.); Tel.: +1-305-243-6567 (S.M.); +1-305-243-3583 (A.F.); Fax: +1-305-243-3209 (S.M.); +1-305-243-3506 (A.F.)
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
- Correspondence: (S.M.); (A.F.); Tel.: +1-305-243-6567 (S.M.); +1-305-243-3583 (A.F.); Fax: +1-305-243-3209 (S.M.); +1-305-243-3506 (A.F.)
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12
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Mathew G, Yasmeen MS, Deepthi RV, Swain M, Vattam A, Shah MA, Agarwal I. Infantile nephrotic syndrome, immunodeficiency and adrenal insufficiency-a rare cause: Answers. Pediatr Nephrol 2022; 37:817-819. [PMID: 34999987 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-021-05377-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgie Mathew
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
| | - M S Yasmeen
- Little Star Children's Hospital, Hyderabad, India
| | - R V Deepthi
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Meenakshi Swain
- Department of Histopathology, Apollo Health City, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Mehul A Shah
- Little Star Children's Hospital, Hyderabad, India
| | - Indira Agarwal
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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13
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Saba JD, Keller N, Wang JY, Tang F, Slavin A, Shen Y. Genotype/Phenotype Interactions and First Steps Toward Targeted Therapy for Sphingosine Phosphate Lyase Insufficiency Syndrome. Cell Biochem Biophys 2021; 79:547-559. [PMID: 34133011 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-021-01013-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase insufficiency syndrome (SPLIS) is a rare metabolic disorder caused by a deficiency in sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (SPL), the final enzyme in the sphingolipid degradative pathway. Inactivating mutations of SGPL1-the gene encoding SPL-lead to a deficiency of its downstream products, and buildup of sphingolipid intermediates, including its bioactive substrate, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), the latter causing lymphopenia, a hallmark of the disease. Other manifestations of SPLIS include nephrotic syndrome, neuronal defects, and adrenal insufficiency, but their pathogenesis remains unknown. In this report, we describe the correlation between SGPL1 genotypes, age at diagnosis, and patient outcome. Vitamin B6 serves as a cofactor for SPL. B6 supplementation may aid some SPLIS patients by overcoming poor binding kinetics and promoting proper folding and stability of mutant SPL proteins. However, this approach remains limited to patients with a susceptible allele. Gene therapy represents a potential targeted therapy for SPLIS patients harboring B6-unresponsive missense mutations, truncations, deletions, and splice-site mutations. When Sgpl1 knockout (SPLKO) mice that model SPLIS were treated with adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated SGPL1 gene therapy, they showed profound improvement in survival and kidney and neurological function compared to untreated SPLKO mice. Thus, gene therapy appears promising as a universal, potentially curative treatment for SPLIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie D Saba
- UCSF Department of Pediatrics, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Nancy Keller
- UCSF Department of Pediatrics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jen-Yeu Wang
- UCSF Department of Pediatrics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Felicia Tang
- UCSF Department of Pediatrics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Avi Slavin
- UCSF Department of Pediatrics, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yizhuo Shen
- UCSF Department of Pediatrics, San Francisco, CA, USA
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14
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Sgpl1 deletion elevates S1P levels, contributing to NPR2 inactivity and p21 expression that block germ cell development. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:574. [PMID: 34083520 PMCID: PMC8175456 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03848-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine phosphate lyase 1 (SGPL1) is a highly conserved enzyme that irreversibly degrades sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). Sgpl1-knockout mice fail to develop germ cells, resulting in infertility. However, the molecular mechanism remains unclear. The results of the present study showed that SGPL1 was expressed mainly in granulosa cells, Leydig cells, spermatocytes, and round spermatids. Sgpl1 deletion led to S1P accumulation in the gonads. In the ovary, S1P decreased natriuretic peptide receptor 2 (NPR2) activity in granulosa cells and inhibited early follicle growth. In the testis, S1P increased the levels of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21) and apoptosis in Leydig cells, thus resulting in spermatogenesis arrest. These results indicate that Sgpl1 deletion increases intracellular S1P levels, resulting in the arrest of female and male germ cell development via different signaling pathways.
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15
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Mitrofanova A, Burke G, Merscher S, Fornoni A. New insights into renal lipid dysmetabolism in diabetic kidney disease. World J Diabetes 2021; 12:524-540. [PMID: 33995842 PMCID: PMC8107981 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v12.i5.524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid dysmetabolism is one of the main features of diabetes mellitus and manifests by dyslipidemia as well as the ectopic accumulation of lipids in various tissues and organs, including the kidney. Research suggests that impaired cholesterol metabolism, increased lipid uptake or synthesis, increased fatty acid oxidation, lipid droplet accumulation and an imbalance in biologically active sphingolipids (such as ceramide, ceramide-1-phosphate and sphingosine-1-phosphate) contribute to the development of diabetic kidney disease (DKD). Currently, the literature suggests that both quality and quantity of lipids are associated with DKD and contribute to increased reactive oxygen species production, oxidative stress, inflammation, or cell death. Therefore, control of renal lipid dysmetabolism is a very important therapeutic goal, which needs to be archived. This article will review some of the recent advances leading to a better understanding of the mechanisms of dyslipidemia and the role of particular lipids and sphingolipids in DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Mitrofanova
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - George Burke
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
- Diabetes Research Institute, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Sandra Merscher
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, United States
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16
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Zhao P, Tassew GB, Lee JY, Oskouian B, Muñoz DP, Hodgin JB, Watson GL, Tang F, Wang JY, Luo J, Yang Y, King S, Krauss RM, Keller N, Saba JD. Efficacy of AAV9-mediated SGPL1 gene transfer in a mouse model of S1P lyase insufficiency syndrome. JCI Insight 2021; 6:145936. [PMID: 33755599 PMCID: PMC8119223 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.145936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase insufficiency syndrome (SPLIS) is a rare metabolic disorder caused by inactivating mutations in sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1 (SGPL1), which is required for the final step of sphingolipid metabolism. SPLIS features include steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and impairment of neurological, endocrine, and hematopoietic systems. Many affected individuals die within the first 2 years. No targeted therapy for SPLIS is available. We hypothesized that SGPL1 gene replacement would address the root cause of SPLIS, thereby serving as a universal treatment for the condition. As proof of concept, we evaluated the efficacy of adeno-associated virus 9–mediated transfer of human SGPL1 (AAV-SPL) given to newborn Sgpl1-KO mice that model SPLIS and die in the first weeks of life. Treatment dramatically prolonged survival and prevented nephrosis, neurodevelopmental delay, anemia, and hypercholesterolemia. STAT3 pathway activation and elevated proinflammatory and profibrogenic cytokines observed in KO kidneys were attenuated by treatment. Plasma and tissue sphingolipids were reduced in treated compared with untreated KO pups. SGPL1 expression and activity were measurable for at least 40 weeks. In summary, early AAV-SPL treatment prevents nephrosis, lipidosis, and neurological impairment in a mouse model of SPLIS. Our results suggest that SGPL1 gene replacement holds promise as a durable and universal targeted treatment for SPLIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piming Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA.,Cure Genetics, Suzhou, China
| | | | - Joanna Y Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Babak Oskouian
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Denise P Muñoz
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Hodgin
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Gordon L Watson
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Felicia Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jen-Yeu Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jinghui Luo
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Yingbao Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sarah King
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ronald M Krauss
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Nancy Keller
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Julie D Saba
- Department of Pediatrics, UCSF, San Francisco, California, USA
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17
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Martin KW, Weaver N, Alhasan K, Gumus E, Sullivan BR, Zenker M, Hildebrandt F, Saba JD. MRI Spectrum of Brain Involvement in Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Lyase Insufficiency Syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2020; 41:1943-1948. [PMID: 32855188 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SGPL1 encodes sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase, the final enzyme of sphingolipid metabolism. In 2017, a condition featuring steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome and/or adrenal insufficiency associated with pathogenic SGPL1 variants was reported. In addition to the main features of the disease, patients often exhibit a range of neurologic deficits. In a handful of cases, brain imaging results were described. However, high-quality imaging results and a systematic analysis of brain MR imaging findings associated with the condition are lacking. In this study, MR images from 4 new patients and additional published case reports were reviewed by a pediatric neuroradiologist. Analysis reveals recurring patterns of features in affected patients, including isolated callosal dysgenesis and prominent involvement of the globus pallidus, thalamus, and dentate nucleus, with progressive atrophy and worsening of brain lesions. MR imaging findings of abnormal deep gray nuclei, microcephaly, or callosal dysgenesis in an infant or young child exhibiting other typical clinical features of sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase insufficiency syndrome should trigger prompt genetic testing for SGPL1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K W Martin
- From the Department of Radiology (K.W.M.), UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, California
| | - N Weaver
- Division of Human Genetics (N.W.), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - K Alhasan
- Department of Pediatrics (K.A.), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - E Gumus
- Department of Medicine (E.G.), Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - B R Sullivan
- Division of Clinical Genetics (B.R.S.), Children's Mercy, Kansas City, Missouri
- Department of Pediatrics (B.R.S.), University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - M Zenker
- Institute of Genetics (M.Z.), Otto von Guericke Universitat, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - F Hildebrandt
- Department of Pediatrics (F.H.), Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J D Saba
- UCSF Department of Pediatrics (J.D.S.), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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18
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Mitrofanova A, Drexler Y, Merscher S, Fornoni A. Role of Sphingolipid Signaling in Glomerular Diseases: Focus on DKD and FSGS. JOURNAL OF CELLULAR SIGNALING 2020; 1:56-69. [PMID: 32914148 PMCID: PMC7480905 DOI: 10.33696/signaling.1.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sphingolipids are well-recognized as major players in the pathogenesis of many human diseases, including chronic kidney disease. The kidney is a very sensitive organ to alterations in sphingolipid metabolism. The critical issues to be addressed in this review relate to the role of sphingolipids and enzymes involved in sphingolipid metabolism in the pathogenesis of glomerular diseases with a special focus on podocytes, a key cellular component of the glomerular filtration barrier. Among several sphingolipids, we will highlight the role of ceramide, sphingosine, sphingosine-1-phosphate and ceramide-1-phosphate. Additionally, we will summarize the current knowledge with regard to the use of sphingolipids as therapeutic agents for the treatment of podocyte injury in kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Mitrofanova
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Yelena Drexler
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Sandra Merscher
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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19
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Maharaj A, Williams J, Bradshaw T, Güran T, Braslavsky D, Casas J, Chan LF, Metherell LA, Prasad R. Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (SGPL1) deficiency is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 202:105730. [PMID: 32682944 PMCID: PMC7482430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2020.105730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Deficiency in Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (S1P lyase) is associated with a multi-systemic disorder incorporating primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI), steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome and neurological dysfunction. Accumulation of sphingolipid intermediates, as seen with loss of function mutations in SGPL1, has been implicated in mitochondrial dysregulation, including alterations in mitochondrial membrane potentials and initiation of mitochondrial apoptosis. For the first time, we investigate the impact of S1P lyase deficiency on mitochondrial morphology and function using patient-derived human dermal fibroblasts and CRISPR engineered SGPL1-knockout HeLa cells. Reduced cortisol output in response to progesterone stimulation was observed in two patient dermal fibroblast cell lines. Mass spectrometric analysis of patient dermal fibroblasts revealed significantly elevated levels of sphingosine-1-phosphate, sphingosine, ceramide species and sphingomyelin when compared to control. Total mitochondrial volume was reduced in both S1P lyase deficient patient and HeLa cell lines. Mitochondrial dynamics and parameters of oxidative phosphorylation were altered when compared to matched controls, though differentially across the cell lines. Mitochondrial dysfunction may represent a major event in the pathogenesis of this disease, associated with severity of phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maharaj
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Williams
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - T Bradshaw
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - T Güran
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - D Braslavsky
- Centro de Investigaciones Endocrinológicas "Dr. Cesar Bergadá" (CEDIE) - CONICET - FEI - División de Endocrinología, Hospital de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Casas
- Research Unit on BioActive Molecules (RUBAM), Department of Biomedicinal Chemistry, IQAC-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, Barcelona, Spain
| | - L F Chan
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - L A Metherell
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Prasad
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, John Vane Science Centre, Queen Mary, University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, United Kingdom.
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20
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Zhao P, Liu ID, Hodgin JB, Benke PI, Selva J, Torta F, Wenk MR, Endrizzi JA, West O, Ou W, Tang E, Goh DLM, Tay SKH, Yap HK, Loh A, Weaver N, Sullivan B, Larson A, Cooper MA, Alhasan K, Alangari AA, Salim S, Gumus E, Chen K, Zenker M, Hildebrandt F, Saba JD. Responsiveness of sphingosine phosphate lyase insufficiency syndrome to vitamin B6 cofactor supplementation. J Inherit Metab Dis 2020; 43:1131-1142. [PMID: 32233035 PMCID: PMC8072405 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) lyase is a vitamin B6-dependent enzyme that degrades sphingosine-1-phosphate in the final step of sphingolipid metabolism. In 2017, a new inherited disorder was described caused by mutations in SGPL1, which encodes sphingosine phosphate lyase (SPL). This condition is referred to as SPL insufficiency syndrome (SPLIS) or alternatively as nephrotic syndrome type 14 (NPHS14). Patients with SPLIS exhibit lymphopenia, nephrosis, adrenal insufficiency, and/or neurological defects. No targeted therapy for SPLIS has been reported. Vitamin B6 supplementation has therapeutic activity in some genetic diseases involving B6-dependent enzymes, a finding ascribed largely to the vitamin's chaperone function. We investigated whether B6 supplementation might have activity in SPLIS patients. We retrospectively monitored responses of disease biomarkers in patients supplemented with B6 and measured SPL activity and sphingolipids in B6-treated patient-derived fibroblasts. In two patients, disease biomarkers responded to B6 supplementation. S1P abundance and activity levels increased and sphingolipids decreased in response to B6. One responsive patient is homozygous for an SPL R222Q variant present in almost 30% of SPLIS patients. Molecular modeling suggests the variant distorts the dimer interface which could be overcome by cofactor supplementation. We demonstrate the first potential targeted therapy for SPLIS and suggest that 30% of SPLIS patients might respond to cofactor supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piming Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Isaac D. Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeffrey B. Hodgin
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Hospitals and Health Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Peter I. Benke
- SLING, Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeremy Selva
- SLING, Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Federico Torta
- SLING, Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Markus R. Wenk
- SLING, Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - James A. Endrizzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Olivia West
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Weixing Ou
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Emily Tang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Denise Li-Meng Goh
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stacey Kiat-Hong Tay
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hui-Kim Yap
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Alwin Loh
- Department of Pediatrics, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole Weaver
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Bonnie Sullivan
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Austin Larson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado
| | - Megan A. Cooper
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Khalid Alhasan
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. Alangari
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suha Salim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Evren Gumus
- Department of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Karin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Allergy and Immunology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Martin Zenker
- Institute of Human Genetics, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Julie D. Saba
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, California
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21
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Maharaj A, Theodorou D, Banerjee I(I, Metherell LA, Prasad R, Wallace D. A Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Lyase Mutation Associated With Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome and Multiple Endocrinopathy. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:151. [PMID: 32322566 PMCID: PMC7156639 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Loss of function mutations in SGPL1 are associated with Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase insufficiency syndrome, comprising steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome, and primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) in the majority of cases. SGPL1 encodes sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (SGPL1) which is a major modulator of sphingolipid signaling. Case Presentation: A Pakistani male infant presented at 5 months of age with failure to thrive, nephrotic syndrome, primary adrenal insufficiency, hypothyroidism, and hypogonadism. Other systemic manifestations included persistent lymphopenia, ichthyosis, and motor developmental delay. Aged 9 months, he progressed rapidly into end stage oligo-anuric renal failure and subsequently died. Sanger sequencing of the entire coding region of SGPL1 revealed the novel association of a rare homozygous mutation (chr10:72619152, c.511A>G, p.N171D; MAF-1.701e-05) with the condition. Protein expression of the p.N171D mutant was markedly reduced compared to SGPL1 wild type when overexpressed in an SGPL1 knockout cell line, and associated with a severe clinical phenotype. Conclusions: The case further highlights the emerging phenotype of patients with loss-of-function SGPL1 mutations. Whilst nephrotic syndrome is a recognized feature of other disorders of sphingolipid metabolism, sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase insufficiency syndrome is unique amongst the sphingolipidoses in presenting with multiple endocrinopathies. Given the multi-systemic and progressive nature of this form of PAI/ nephrotic syndrome, a genetic diagnosis is crucial for optimal management and appropriate screening for comorbidities in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinaash Maharaj
- Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Demetria Theodorou
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Indraneel (Indi) Banerjee
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Louise A. Metherell
- Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rathi Prasad
- Centre for Endocrinology, John Vane Science Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Dean Wallace
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Royal Manchester Children's Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
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22
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Druggable Sphingolipid Pathways: Experimental Models and Clinical Opportunities. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1274:101-135. [PMID: 32894509 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50621-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Intensive research in the field of sphingolipids has revealed diverse roles in cell biological responses and human health and disease. This immense molecular family is primarily represented by the bioactive molecules ceramide, sphingosine, and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). The flux of sphingolipid metabolism at both the subcellular and extracellular levels provides multiple opportunities for pharmacological intervention. The caveat is that perturbation of any single node of this highly regulated flux may have effects that propagate throughout the metabolic network in a dramatic and sometimes unexpected manner. Beginning with S1P, the receptors for which have thus far been the most clinically tractable pharmacological targets, this review will describe recent advances in therapeutic modulators targeting sphingolipids, their chaperones, transporters, and metabolic enzymes.
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23
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this review is to review the role that renal parenchymal lipid accumulation plays in contributing to diabetic kidney disease (DKD), specifically contributing to the mitochondrial dysfunction observed in glomerular renal cells in the context of DKD development and progression. RECENT FINDINGS Mitochondrial dysfunction has been observed in experimental and clinical DKD. Recently, Ayanga et al. demonstrate that podocyte-specific deletion of a protein involved in mitochondrial dynamics protects from DKD progression. Furthermore, our group has recently shown that ATP-binding cassette A1 (a protein involved in cholesterol and phospholipid efflux) is significantly reduced in clinical and experimental DKD and that genetic or pharmacological induction of ABCA1 is sufficient to protect from DKD. ABCA1 deficiency in podocytes leads to mitochondrial dysfunction observed with alterations of mitochondrial lipids, in particular, cardiolipin (a mitochondrial-specific phospholipid). However, through pharmacological reduction of cardiolipin peroxidation DKD progression is reverted. Lipid metabolism is significantly altered in the diabetic kidney and renders cellular components, such as the podocyte, susceptible to injury leading to worsened DKD progression. Dysfunction of the lipid metabolism pathway can also lead to mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial lipid alteration. Future research aimed at targeting mitochondrial lipids content and function could prove to be beneficial for the treatment of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Michelle Ducasa
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alla Mitrofanova
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, USA
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, 1580 NW 10th Avenue, Miami, FL, USA.
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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24
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Mitrofanova A, Sosa MA, Fornoni A. Lipid mediators of insulin signaling in diabetic kidney disease. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2019; 317:F1241-F1252. [PMID: 31545927 PMCID: PMC6879940 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00379.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) affects ∼40% of patients with diabetes and is associated with high mortality rates. Among different cellular targets in DKD, podocytes, highly specialized epithelial cells of the glomerular filtration barrier, are injured in the early stages of DKD. Both clinical and experimental data support the role of preserved insulin signaling as a major contributor to podocyte function and survival. However, little is known about the key modulators of podocyte insulin signaling. This review summarizes the novel knowledge that intracellular lipids such as cholesterol and sphingolipids are major determinants of podocyte insulin signaling. In particular, the implications of these lipids on DKD development, progression, and treatment will be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alla Mitrofanova
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Department of Surgery, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Marie Anne Sosa
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Alessia Fornoni
- Katz Family Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
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25
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Taylor VA, Stone HK, Schuh MP, Zhao X, Setchell KD, Erkan E. Disarranged Sphingolipid Metabolism From Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Lyase Deficiency Leads to Congenital Nephrotic Syndrome. Kidney Int Rep 2019; 4:1763-1769. [PMID: 31844815 PMCID: PMC6895586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Veronica A Taylor
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Hillarey K Stone
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Meredith P Schuh
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Xueheng Zhao
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kenneth D Setchell
- Division of Pathology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Elif Erkan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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26
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Saba JD. Fifty years of lyase and a moment of truth: sphingosine phosphate lyase from discovery to disease. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:456-463. [PMID: 30635364 PMCID: PMC6399507 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.s091181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine phosphate lyase (SPL) is the final enzyme in the sphingolipid degradative pathway, catalyzing the irreversible cleavage of long-chain base phosphates (LCBPs) to yield a long-chain aldehyde and ethanolamine phosphate (EP). SPL guards the sole exit point of sphingolipid metabolism. Its inactivation causes product depletion and accumulation of upstream sphingolipid intermediates. The main substrate of the reaction, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), is a bioactive lipid that controls immune-cell trafficking, angiogenesis, cell transformation, and other fundamental processes. The products of the SPL reaction contribute to phospholipid biosynthesis and programmed cell-death activation. The main features of SPL enzyme activity were first described in detail by Stoffel et al. in 1969. The first SPL-encoding gene was cloned from budding yeast in 1997. Reverse and forward genetic strategies led to the rapid identification of other genes in the pathway and their homologs in other species. Genetic manipulation of SPL-encoding genes in model organisms has revealed the contribution of sphingolipid metabolism to development, physiology, and host-pathogen interactions. In 2017, recessive mutations in the human SPL gene SGPL1 were identified as the cause of a novel inborn error of metabolism associated with nephrosis, endocrine defects, immunodeficiency, acanthosis, and neurological problems. We refer to this condition as SPL insufficiency syndrome (SPLIS). Here, we share our perspective on the 50-year history of SPL from discovery to disease, focusing on insights provided by model organisms regarding the pathophysiology of SPLIS and how SPLIS raises the possibility of a hidden role for sphingolipids in other disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie D Saba
- Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Oakland, CA 94609
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27
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Choi YJ, Saba JD. Sphingosine phosphate lyase insufficiency syndrome (SPLIS): A novel inborn error of sphingolipid metabolism. Adv Biol Regul 2018; 71:128-140. [PMID: 30274713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (SPL) is an intracellular enzyme that controls the final step in the sphingolipid degradative pathway, the only biochemical pathway for removal of sphingolipids. Specifically, SPL catalyzes the cleavage of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) at the C2-3 carbon bond, resulting in its irreversible degradation to phosphoethanolamine (PE) and hexadecenal. The substrate of the reaction, S1P, is a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite that signals through a family of five G protein-coupled S1P receptors (S1PRs) to mediate biological activities including cell migration, cell survival/death/proliferation and cell extrusion, thereby contributing to development, physiological functions and - when improperly regulated - the pathophysiology of disease. In 2017, several groups including ours reported a novel childhood syndrome that featured a wide range of presentations including fetal hydrops, steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS), primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI), rapid or insidious neurological deterioration, immunodeficiency, acanthosis and endocrine abnormalities. In all cases, the disease was attributed to recessive mutations in the human SPL gene, SGPL1. We now refer to this condition as SPL Insufficiency Syndrome, or SPLIS. Some features of this new sphingolipidosis were predicted by the reported phenotypes of Sgpl1 homozygous null mice that serve as vertebrate SPLIS disease models. However, other SPLIS features reveal previously unrecognized roles for SPL in human physiology. In this review, we briefly summarize the biochemistry, functions and regulation of SPL, the main clinical and biochemical features of SPLIS and what is known about the pathophysiology of this condition from murine and cell models. Lastly, we consider potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of SPLIS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Jeong Choi
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA, 94609, USA
| | - Julie D Saba
- UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital Oakland, Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute, 5700 Martin Luther King Jr. Way, Oakland, CA, 94609, USA.
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