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Song C, Sun X, Wang Y, Bülow L, Mecklenburg M, Wu C, Meng Q, Xie B. Activity fingerprinting of AMR β-lactamase towards a fast and accurate diagnosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1222156. [PMID: 37743856 PMCID: PMC10512244 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1222156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance has become a serious threat to global public health and economic development. Rapid and accurate identification of a patient status for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are urgently needed in clinical diagnosis. Here we describe the development of an assay method for activity fingerprinting of AMR β-lactamases using panels of 7 β-lactam antibiotics in 35 min. New Deli Metallo β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) and penicillinase were demonstrated as two different classes of β-lactamases. The panel consisted of three classes of antibiotics, including: penicillins (penicillin G, piperacillin), cephalosporins (cefepime, ceftriaxone, cefazolin) and carbapenems (meropenem and imipenem). The assay employed a scheme combines the catalytic reaction of AMR β-lactamases on antibiotic substrates with a flow-injected thermometric biosensor that allows the direct detection of the heat generated from the enzymatic catalysis, and eliminates the need for custom substrates and multiple detection schemes. In order to differentiate classes of β-lactamases, characterization of the enzyme activity under different catalytic condition, such as, buffer composition, ion strength and pH were investigated. This assay could provide a tool for fast diagnosis of patient AMR status which makes possible for the future accurate treatment with selected antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Song
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Leif Bülow
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Changxin Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qinglai Meng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Molecular Engineering of National Ministry of Education, Shanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bin Xie
- Division of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Andersson A, Chen Q, Groop L, Bülow L, Xie B. Continuous and simultaneous determination of venous blood metabolites. Talanta 2017; 171:270-274. [PMID: 28551140 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is associated with cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and prediabetes. Metabolic syndrome is a cluster of interrelated clinical disorders. Difficulties in regulating glucose levels in blood are implicated in many of these disorders. Lactate, another energy metabolite, is produced under anaerobic conditions and can be used to monitor the balance between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. Tested together, these metabolite levels can provide pro-diagnostic information that improves patient outcomes. Glucose and lactate were determined continuously and simultaneously in whole blood using a dual-channel thermal biosensor device in which one channel employed glucose oxidase for glucose analysis in comparison with lactate oxidase for lactate analysis in the others. No detectable clogging or interference was observed using venous blood samples. The linear detection range for both the glucose and lactate assays was 0.5-45mM. The sampling rate of up to 24 samples per hour with assay cycle time of 2.5min was achieved. Comparative analysis between our device and the HemoCue method showed an excellent correlation. The device was stable for hundreds of injections over a period of 45 days. The broad linear range, fast response and detection sensitivity are satisfactory for the clinical requirements, e.g. for diabetic or cardiovascular patients in intensive care units or surgical operation, where the tight control of blood glucose can decrease morbidity or mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneli Andersson
- Department of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Qun Chen
- Department of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Leif Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Diabetes and Endocrinology, Lund University, SE-20502 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Leif Bülow
- Department of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bin Xie
- Department of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden.
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5
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An amperometric urea bisosensor based on covalent immobilization of urease on N2 incorporated diamond nanowire electrode. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 56:64-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.11.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Zhou S, Zhao Y, Mecklenburg M, Yang D, Xie B. A novel thermometric biosensor for fast surveillance of β-lactamase activity in milk. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 49:99-104. [PMID: 23722048 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory restrictions on antibiotic residues in dairy products have resulted in the illegal addition of β-lactamase to lower antibiotic levels in milk in China. Here we demonstrate a fast, sensitive and convenient method based on enzyme thermistor (ET) for the surveillance of β-lactamase in milk. A fixed amount of penicillin G, which is a specific substrate of β-lactamase, was incubated with the milk sample, and an aliquot of the mixture was directly injected into the ET system to give a temperature change corresponding to the remained penicillin G. The amount of β-lactamase present in sample was deduced by the penicillin G consumed during incubation. This method was successfully applied to quantify β-lactamase in milk with the linear range of 1.1-20 UmL(-1) and the detection limit of 1.1 UmL(-1). The recoveries ranged from 93% to 105%, with relative standard deviations (RSDs) below 8%. The stability of the column equipped in ET was also studied, and only 5% decrease of activity was observed after 60 days of use. Compared with the conventional culture-based assay, the advantages of high throughput, timesaving and accurate quantification have made this method an ideal alternative for routine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhou
- China National Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing 100021, PR China.
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7
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Yakovleva M, Bhand S, Danielsson B. The enzyme thermistor—A realistic biosensor concept. A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2013; 766:1-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
There is a need for analytical methods capable of monitoring blood antibiotic levels in real time. Here we present a method for quantifying antibiotic levels in whole blood that does not require any sample pretreatment. The tests employ the enzyme penicillinase to assay for penicillin G, penicillin V and ampicillin using a flow-injected biosensor, the Enzyme Thermistor. Optimal flow rates, sample volumes and pH were determined to be 0.5 mL/min, 100 μL and 7.0, respectively. Analysis of the antibiotics diluted in buffer gave a linear range of 0.17-5.0 mM. Calibration curves prepared using blood spiked with the antibiotics gave a linear range of 0.17-2.0 mM. Linear regression values for all of the calibration curves were 0.998 or higher. Assay cycle time was 5 min. The relative standard deviation value for 100 determinations of a mock blood sample spiked with penicillin G was 6.71%. Despite the elimination of sample pretreatment, no detectable clogging or signal drift was observed. The assay provides a fast, simple, reliable analytical method for determining antibiotic concentrations in blood without the need for any sample pretreatment. This is an important first step towards developing a device capable of real-time monitoring of antibiotic levels in whole blood. The technology has the potential to significantly improve the outcomes of patients undergoing critical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, Ministry of Education, Medical School of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Chen Y, Andersson A, Mecklenburg M, Xie B, Zhou Y. Dual-signal analysis eliminates requirement for milk sample pretreatment. Biosens Bioelectron 2011; 29:115-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 07/30/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Tiwari A. A Novel Nanocomposite Matrix Based on Silylated Chitosan and Multiwall Carban Nanotubes for the Immobilization of Urease. J Inorg Organomet Polym Mater 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10904-009-9280-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Billah M, Hays HCW, Millner PA. Development of a myoglobin impedimetric immunosensor based on mixed self-assembled monolayer onto gold. Mikrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-007-0793-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Xie∗ B, Tang X, Wollenberger U, Johansson G, Gorton L, Scheller F, Danielsson B. Hybrid Biosensor For Simultaneous Electrochemical and Thermometric Detection. ANAL LETT 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719708001729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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13
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Iida Y, Suganuma Y, Matsumoto K, Satoh I. Novel Determination System for Urea in Alcoholic Beverages by Using an FIA System with an Acid Urease Column. ANAL SCI 2006; 22:173-6. [PMID: 16429798 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.22.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A novel determination method for urea using an acid urease column-FIA system was developed, and the system was applied to the determination of urea in rice wine. This novel FIA system was characterized by CO2 detection due to the property of acid urease and by a microfluidic gas-diffusion device with the use of an ultra-thin hollow fiber membrane. A biosensing system fabricated in this study was assembled with a double-plunger pump, a sample-injection valve, an immobilized acid urease column as a recognition element for the assay of urea, a gas-diffusion unit, and a flow-type spectrophotometer. The gas-diffusion unit consisted of a double-tubing structure in which the outer tubing was made of PTFE (i.d. 1.0 mm; o.d. 1.5 mm) and the inner tubing was of porous PTFE (i.d. 0.19 mm; o.d. 0.25 mm). Standard urea solutions (20 microl) were measured through monitoring variations in the absorbance of a coloring agent solution resulting from a pH shift due to carbon dioxide molecules being enzymatically generated. A wide and linear relationship was obtained between the concentration of urea (16 microM - 1.0 mM) and the change in absorbance. This FIA system has great advantages that the system did not suffer from ammonia and ethanol in samples. This system, armed with a microfluidic gas-diffusion device, was applicable to the determination of various substrates of many kinds of decarboxylase, amino-acid oxidase, and amino-acid oxygenase, producing CO2 and NH3 molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Iida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa Institute of Technology, 1030 Shimo-Ogino, Atsugi 243-0292, Japan.
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Smutok O, Gayda G, Gonchar M, Schuhmann W. A novel L-lactate-selective biosensor based on flavocytochrome b2 from methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha. Biosens Bioelectron 2005; 20:1285-90. [PMID: 15590280 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2004] [Revised: 04/22/2004] [Accepted: 04/23/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A novel amperometric biosensor highly selective to L-lactate has been developed using L-lactate-cytochrome c oxidoreductase (flavocytochrome b2) isolated for the first time from thermotolerant methylotrophic yeast Hansenula polymorpha as biorecognition element. Different immobilization methods and low-molecular free-diffusing redox mediators have been tested for optimising the electrochemical communication between the immobilized enzyme and the electrode surface. Moreover, the possibility of direct electron transfer from the reduced form of FCb2 to carbon electrodes has been evaluated. The bioanalytical properties of FCb2-based biosensors, such as signal rise time, dynamic range, dependence of the sensor output on the pH value, the temperature and the storage stability were investigated, and the proposed biosensor demonstrated a very fast response and a high sensitivity and selectivity for L-lactate determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleh Smutok
- Department of Cell Regulatory Systems, Institute of Cell Biology, Drahomanov Street 14/16, 79005 Lviv, Ukraine
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15
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Kwan RCH, Hon PYT, Mak KKW, Renneberg R. Amperometric determination of lactate with novel trienzyme/poly(carbamoyl) sulfonate hydrogel-based sensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2004; 19:1745-52. [PMID: 15142609 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2004.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2003] [Revised: 01/13/2004] [Accepted: 01/14/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel trienzyme sensor for the amperometric determination of lactate was constructed by immobilizing salicylate hydroxylase (SHL, E.C. 1.14.13.1), l-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH, E.C. 1.1.1.27), and pyruvate oxidase (PyOD, E.C. 1.2.3.3) on a Clark-type oxygen electrode. The enzymes were entrapped by a poly(carbamoyl) sulfonate (PCS) hydrogel on a Teflon membrane. LDH catalyzes the specific dehydrogenation of lactate consuming NAD(+). SHL catalyzes the irreversible decarboxylation and the hydroxylation of salicylate in the presence of oxygen and NADH produced by LDH. PyOD decarboxylates pyruvate using oxygen and phosphate. SHL and PyOD force the equilibrium of dehydrogenation of lactate by LDH to the product side by consuming NADH and pyruvate, respectively. Dissolved oxygen acts as an essential material for both PyOD and SHL during their respective enzymatic reactions. Therefore, an amplified signal, caused by the consumptions of dissolved oxygen by the two enzymes, was observed in the measurement of lactate. Regeneration of cofactor was found in the trienzyme system. A Teflon membrane was used to fabricate the sensor in order to avoid interferences. The sensor has a fast response (2s) and short recovery times (2 min). The total test time for a measurement by using this lactate sensor (4 min) was faster than using a commercial lactate testing kit (up to 10 min). The sensor has a linear range between 10 and 400 microM lactate, with a detection limit of 4.3 microM. A good agreement (R2 = 0.9984) with a commercial lactate testing kit was obtained in beverage sample measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger C H Kwan
- Sino-German Nano-Analytical Lab (SiGNAL), Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Iida Y, Hara N, Matsumoto K, Satoh I. Spectrophotometric Microdetermination of Urea in a Rice Wine by Using an Immobilized Acid Urease Column FIA System. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1541/ieejsmas.123.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Iida
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kanagawa Institute of Technology
| | - Noriko Hara
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kanagawa Institute of Technology
| | - Kunio Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kanagawa Institute of Technology
| | - Ikuo Satoh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Kanagawa Institute of Technology
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Lawung R, Danielsson B, Prachayasittikul V, Bülow L. Calorimetric analysis of cephalosporins using an immobilized TEM-1 beta-lactamase on Ni2+ chelating sepharose fast flow. Anal Biochem 2001; 296:57-62. [PMID: 11520032 DOI: 10.1006/abio.2001.5226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two beta-lactamases, penicillinase type I from Bacillus cereus and TEM-1 beta-lactamase from Haemophilus ducreyi, were immobilized on a Chelating Sepharose Fast Flow column loaded with Ni2+ in an active form. Flow-injection analysis of beta-lactams was performed by using an enzyme column reactor fitted into the enzyme thermistor. With both enzymes it was possible to monitor both penicillins and cephalosporins. Moreover, Michaelis constants of the TEM-1 beta-lactamase were markedly increased upon immobilization for all substrates, especially carbenicillin, cephaloridine, and cefoperazone.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lawung
- Department of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Abstract
A review of thermistor-based calorimetric measurement is presented. The principles of thermometric measurements are highlighted in the introduction followed by the instrumentation, materials and methods. Various applications relating to enzyme activity measurements, clinical monitoring, process monitoring, multianalyte determination, hybrid sensing, environmental monitoring, non-aqueous measurements and other miscellaneous applications are described. A brief note on future developments and a detailed reference list is also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ramanathan
- Department of Pure & Applied Biochemistry, Box. 124 Center for Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Lund University, Lund 221 00, Sweden.
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Bossi A, Piletsky SA, Righetti PG, Turner AP. Capillary electrophoresis coupled to biosensor detection. J Chromatogr A 2000; 892:143-53. [PMID: 11045485 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00173-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present review highlights some modern aspects of biosensor revelation, a detection method which has already found a large number of applications in healthcare, food industry and environmental analysis. First, the concept of bio-recognition, which is at the heart of biosensor technology, is discussed, with emphasis on host-guest-like recognition mechanisms. This detection device has been successfully coupled, in its first applications, to chromatographic columns, which allow a high resolution of complex mixtures of analytes prior to interaction with the biosensing unit. The properties of the transducing elements, which should generate a signal (e.g., electrochemical, thermal, acoustic, optical) of proper intensity and of relative fast rise, are additionally evaluated and discussed. The review then focuses on potential applications of biosensing units in capillary electrophoresis (CE) devices. CE appears to be an excellent separation methodology to be coupled to biosensor detection, since it is based on miniaturized electrophoretic chambers, fast analysis times, complete automation in sample handling and data treatment and requires extremely small sample volumes. Although only a few applications of CE-based biosensors have been described up to the present, it is anticipated that this hyphenated technique could have a considerable expansion in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bossi
- University of Verona, Department of Agricultural and Industrial Biotechnologies, Italy.
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Raghavan V, Ramanathan K, Sundaram PV, Danielsson B. An enzyme thermistor-based assay for total and free cholesterol. Clin Chim Acta 1999; 289:145-58. [PMID: 10556661 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(99)00174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A method to evaluate the free (FC) and total cholesterol (TC) in human serum, bile and gallstone extract using an enzyme thermistor (ET)-based flow injection analysis (FIA) is presented. The cholesterol in high-density (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein (LDL-C) have also been evaluated. A heparin functionalized Sepharose column was employed for the isolation of HDL and LDL fractions from serum. The estimation of cholesterol and its esters was based on their reaction with cholesterol oxidase (CO), cholesterol esterase (CE) and catalase (CAT). Three different enzyme columns, i.e. co-immobilized CO/CAT (column A), only CE (column B) and co-immobilized CO/CE/CAT (column C) were prepared by cross-linking the enzymes on glass beads using glutaraldehyde. Column A was used for estimating FC and column C was used for estimating total cholesterol (cholesterol plus esterified cholesterol). Column B was used as a pre-column which could be switched 'in' or 'out' in conjunction with column A for the estimation of TC or FC, respectively. A calibration between 1.0 and 8.0 mmol/l for FC and 0. 25 and 4.0 mmol/l for TC was obtained. For more than 2000 assays with the ET device a C.V. of less than 4% was obtained. The assay time was approximately 4 min per assay. The cholesterol estimations on the ET correlated well with similar estimations using a commercially available cholesterol diagnostic kit.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Raghavan
- PROMED, The Voluntary Health Services, Adyar, Madras, India
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Xie B, Ramanathan K, Danielsson B. Principles of enzyme thermistor systems: applications to biomedical and other measurements. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 1999; 64:1-33. [PMID: 9933974 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-49811-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This chapter presents an overview of thermistor-based calorimetric measurements. Bioanalytical applications are emphasized from both the chemical and biomedical points of view. The introductory section elucidates the principles involved in the thermometric measurements. The following section describes in detail the evolution of the various versions of enzyme-thermistor devices. Special emphasis is laid on the description of modern "mini" and "miniaturized" versions of enzyme thermistors. Hybrid devices are also introduced in this section. In the sections on applications, the clinical/biomedical areas are dealt with separately, followed by other applications. Mention is also made of miscellaneous applications. A special section is devoted to future developments, wherein novel concepts of telemedicine and home diagnostics are highlighted. The role of communication and information technology in telemedicine is also mentioned. In the concluding sections, an attempt is made to incorporate the most recent references on specific topics based on enzyme-thermistor systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Xie
- Department of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Lund University, Sweden
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Kyröläinen M, Håkanson H, Mattiasson B, Vadgama P. Minimal-Fouling enzyme electrode for continuous flow measurement of whole blood lactate. Biosens Bioelectron 1998; 12:1073-81. [PMID: 9451796 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(97)00082-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A new membrane system evaluated in an enzyme electrode for monitoring of whole blood lactate under continuous flow conditions has been developed. The membrane confers functional haemocompatibility and has been coupled to an electrode based on amperometric detection of hydrogen peroxide with lactate oxidase interposed between the haemocompatible membrane acting as diffusion barrier and an inner membrane excluding interfering electroactive species. Here, the enzyme electrode is combined with a flow-through measuring chamber and a double lumen catheter permitting continuous sampling and heparinization of blood. The blood contacting membranes have unique haemocompatibility properties and were produced through modification of poly(vinyl chloride), with the nonionic surfactant Pluronic F-68. On-line monitoring of whole blood samples with different amounts of added lactate was carried out to simulate fluctuations in blood lactate levels during extracorporeal monitoring and results were compared with a standard lactate analyser.
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Harborn U, Xie B, Venkatesh R, Danielsson B. Evaluation of a miniaturized thermal biosensor for the determination of glucose in whole blood. Clin Chim Acta 1997; 267:225-37. [PMID: 9469255 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-8981(97)00151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A miniaturized thermal biosensor has been evaluated as part of a flow-injection analysis system for the determination of glucose in whole blood. Glucose was determined by measuring the heat evolved when samples containing glucose passed through a small column with immobilized glucose oxidase and catalase. Samples of whole blood (1 microliter) can be measured directly, without any pretreatment. The correlation in the response between the thermal biosensor, the Reflolux S meter (Boehringer Mannheim), the Granutest 100 glucose test kit (Merck Diagnostica) and the Ektachem (Kodak) instrument was evaluated. The influence of the hematocrit value and of possible interferences is reported. The correlation measurements show that the thermal biosensor calibrated with aqueous glucose standards generally gives lower values on blood glucose than the reference methods calibrated for serum or blood measurements. Mean negative biases range from 0.53 to 1.16 mmol/l. Differences in sample treatment clearly complicate comparisons and the proper choice of reference method. There was no influence from substances such as ascorbic acid (0.11 mmol/l), uric acid (0.48 mmol/l), urea (4.3 mmol/l) and acetaminophen (0.17 mmol/l) on the response to 5 mmol/l glucose. The hematocrit value does not influence the glucose determination, for hematocrit values of between 13 and 53%.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Harborn
- Department of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Chemical Center, Lund, Sweden
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25
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Khayyami M, Garcia NP, Larsson PO, Danielsson B, Johansson G. An amperometric lactate sensor based on a NAD+-analog and lactate dehydrogenase coimmobilized on reticulated vitreous carbon. ELECTROANAL 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.1140090703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Danielsson B, Xie B. Thermistor-based biosensing. EXS 1997; 81:71-85. [PMID: 9002198 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-9045-8_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
In this review a universal thermistor-based biosensor system is described with examples from clinical chemistry, bioprocess monitoring and environmental control. The technique is based on the measurement of the small temperature changes associated with enzymatic reactions occurring in a microreactor with immobilized enzyme. The system has good operational stability and a sensitivity that permits measurements down to 1 microM concentrations. Current developments include devices constructed by micromachining for multisensing purposes and miniaturised instrumentation intended for use in portable monitoring. With use of special supports for enzyme immobilisation even untreated whole blood samples can be applied. Another current line of investigation involves hybrid biosensors, such as combinations of electrochemistry and calorimetry into bioelectrocalorimetric devices with interesting new properties.
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