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Abessolo FA, Bruno MJ, N'negue MA, Yangou M, Ngou-Milama E. Enzymatic and genetic polymorphisms of paraoxonase-1 in the Gabonese population: the relation to lipid parameters in patients with diabetes. JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY, METABOLISM AND DIABETES OF SOUTH AFRICA 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/22201009.2012.10872283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- FA Abessolo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gabon
| | - MJ Bruno
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Centre of Libreville, Gabon
| | - MA N'negue
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gabon
| | - M Yangou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gabon
| | - E Ngou-Milama
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Gabon
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Berrougui H, Cherki M, Koumbadinga GA, Isabelle M, Douville J, Spino C, Khalil A. Antiatherogenic activity of extracts of Argania spinosa L. pericarp: beneficial effects on lipid peroxidation and cholesterol homeostasisThis article is one of a selection of papers published in this special issue (part 1 of 2) on the Safety and Efficacy of Natural Health Products. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2007; 85:918-27. [DOI: 10.1139/y07-081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Prevention of lipoprotein oxidation by natural compounds may prevent atherosclerosis via reducing early atherogenesis. In this study, we investigated for the first time the beneficial properties of methanolic extract of argania pericarp (MEAP) towards atherogenesis by protecting human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) against oxidation while promoting high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-mediated cholesterol efflux. By measuring the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and conjugated diene as well as the lag phase and the progression rate of lipid peroxidation, the MEAP was found to possess an inhibitory effect. In addition, MEAP reduced the rate of disappearance of α-tocopherol as well as the apoB electrophoretic mobility in a dose-dependent manner. These effects are related to the free radical scavenging and copper-chelating effects of MEAP. In terms of cell viability, MEAP has shown a cytotoxic effect (0–40 μg/mL). Incubation of3H-cholesterol-loaded J774 macrophages with HDL in the presence of increasing concentrations of MEAP enhanced HDL-mediated cholesterol efflux independently of ABCA1 receptor pathways. Our findings suggest that argania seed pericarp provides a source of natural antioxidants that inhibit LDL oxidation and enhance cholesterol efflux and thus can prevent development of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicham Berrougui
- Research Centre on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, 1036 Belvedere Street South, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Geriatric Service, Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
- University Sultan Moulay Slimane Polydisciplinary Faculty, Department of Biology, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Mounia Cherki
- Research Centre on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, 1036 Belvedere Street South, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Geriatric Service, Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
- University Sultan Moulay Slimane Polydisciplinary Faculty, Department of Biology, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Geremy Abdull Koumbadinga
- Research Centre on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, 1036 Belvedere Street South, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Geriatric Service, Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
- University Sultan Moulay Slimane Polydisciplinary Faculty, Department of Biology, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Maxim Isabelle
- Research Centre on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, 1036 Belvedere Street South, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Geriatric Service, Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
- University Sultan Moulay Slimane Polydisciplinary Faculty, Department of Biology, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Jasmin Douville
- Research Centre on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, 1036 Belvedere Street South, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Geriatric Service, Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
- University Sultan Moulay Slimane Polydisciplinary Faculty, Department of Biology, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Claude Spino
- Research Centre on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, 1036 Belvedere Street South, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Geriatric Service, Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
- University Sultan Moulay Slimane Polydisciplinary Faculty, Department of Biology, Beni Mellal, Morocco
| | - Abdelouahed Khalil
- Research Centre on Aging, University of Sherbrooke, 1036 Belvedere Street South, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Geriatric Service, Department of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 4C4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada
- University Sultan Moulay Slimane Polydisciplinary Faculty, Department of Biology, Beni Mellal, Morocco
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Scheffer PG, Teerlink T, Heine RJ. Clinical significance of the physicochemical properties of LDL in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2005; 48:808-16. [PMID: 15830178 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-005-1736-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2004] [Accepted: 02/15/2005] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of death in type 2 diabetes. LDL cholesterol and atherosclerosis are related, both in healthy people and those with diabetes; however, people with diabetes are more prone to atheroma, even though their LDL cholesterol levels are similar to those in their non-diabetic peers. This is because LDL particles are modified in the presence of diabetes to become more atherogenic. These modifications include glycation in response to high plasma glucose levels; oxidative reactions mediated by increased oxidative stress; and transfer of cholesterol ester, which makes the particles smaller and denser. The latter modification is strongly associated with hypertriglyceridaemia. Oxidatively and non-oxidatively modified LDL is involved in plaque formation, and may thus contribute to the accelerated atherosclerosis. This review discusses the techniques currently used to determine the physicochemical properties of LDL, and examines the evidence that modification of these properties plays a role in the accelerated atherosclerosis associated with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Scheffer
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Centre, De Boelelaan 1117, P.O. Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Hirunpanich V, Utaipat A, Morales NP, Bunyapraphatsara N, Sato H, Herunsalee A, Suthisisang C. Antioxidant Effects of Aqueous Extracts from Dried Calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa LINN. (Roselle) in Vitro Using Rat Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL). Biol Pharm Bull 2005; 28:481-4. [PMID: 15744073 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.28.481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study quantitatively investigated the antioxidant effects of the aqueous extracts from dried calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa LINN. (roselle) in vitro using rat low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Formations of the conjugated dienes and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) were monitored as markers of the early and later stages of the oxidation of LDL, respectively. Thus, we demonstrated that the dried calyx extracts of roselle exhibits strong antioxidant activity in Cu(2+)-mediated oxidation of LDL (p<0.05) in vitro. The inhibitory effect of the extracts on LDL oxidation was dose-dependent at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 5 mg/ml. Moreover, 5 mg/ml of roselle inhibited TBARs-formation with greater potency than 100 microM of vitamin E. In conclusion, this study provides a quantitative insight into the potent antioxidant effect of roselle in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vilasinee Hirunpanich
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Rajadhevi, Bangkok, Thailand
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Scheffer PG, Bos G, Volwater HGFM, Dekker JM, Heine RJ, Teerlink T. Associations of LDL size with in vitro oxidizability and plasma levels of in vivo oxidized LDL in Type 2 diabetic patients. Diabet Med 2003; 20:563-7. [PMID: 12823238 DOI: 10.1046/j.1464-5491.2003.00975.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Oxidative modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is believed to be a key step in the genesis of atherosclerotic lesions. The presence of small, dense LDL is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis and is common in diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of in vitro LDL oxidizability and circulating in vivo oxidized LDL with LDL particle size in Type 2 diabetic patients and healthy control subjects. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study group consisted of 58 elderly well controlled Type 2 diabetic patients and 58 control subjects with normal glucose metabolism. LDL particle size was measured by high-performance gel-filtration chromatography. In vitro oxidizability of LDL was measured by monitoring conjugated diene formation and plasma levels of circulating oxidized LDL were determined by ELISA. RESULTS In vitro susceptibility of LDL to oxidation was not related to plasma levels of in vivo oxidized LDL, nor to LDL particle size. In the diabetic patients, but not in the control group, an inverse relation between LDL size and in vivo oxidized LDL was observed (r=-0.35, P=0.007). This relation was strengthened after controlling for LDL-cholesterol concentration (r=-0.52, P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS In agreement with the view that small, dense LDL accelerates atherosclerosis, an inverse relationship was observed between LDL size and circulating in vivo oxidized LDL in Type 2 diabetic patients. Our results also suggest that in vitro susceptibility to oxidation is not a suitable surrogate measure for in vivo LDL oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Scheffer
- Metabolic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Myara I, Alamowitch C, Michel O, Heudes D, Bariety J, Guy-Grand B, Chevalier J. Lipoprotein oxidation and plasma vitamin E in nondiabetic normotensive obese patients. OBESITY RESEARCH 2003; 11:112-20. [PMID: 12529493 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2003.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To correlate the susceptibility of low-(LDL) and very-low-density lipoprotein to oxidation in vitro and the concentrations of serum antibodies against malondialdehyde-modified LDL and plasma vitamin E with the anthropometric and laboratory characteristics of obesity. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES A total of 75 nondiabetic, normotensive obese patients were assigned to one of four groups according to their body mass index (BMI): moderately obese (30 <or= BMI <or= 34.9 kg/m(2), n = 11), severely obese (35 <or= BMI <or= 39.9 kg/m(2), n = 20), morbidly obese (40 <or= BMI <or= 50 kg/m(2), n = 29), and very severely obese (BMI > 50 kg/m(2), n = 15). RESULTS The oxidation lag time for LDL from patients with a BMI >or=35 kg/m(2) was shorter than that for LDL from non-obese controls (n = 13), whereas very-low-density lipoprotein oxidation lag times were not significantly different. The serum antibodies against modified LDL were similar in all groups, whereas the plasma vitamin E concentrations of obese patients were decreased (p <or= 0.01). There was a negative correlation between LDL oxidation lag time and BMI (r = -0.35, p = 0.0008), and between plasma vitamin E and BMI (r = -0.53, p < 0.0001) and waist-to-hip ratio (r = -0.40, p = 0.0003). DISCUSSION The LDL of nondiabetic, normotensive obese patients is more readily oxidized, and plasma vitamin E concentrations are low. These are both risk factors for coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Myara
- INSERM U 430, Broussais Hospital, and Claude Bernard Association, Paris, France
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Scheffer PG, Bakker SJ, Popp-Snijders C, Heine RJ, Schutgens RB, Teerlink T. Composition of LDL as determinant of its susceptibility to in vitro oxidation in patients with well-controlled type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2001; 17:459-66. [PMID: 11757082 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence that oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the vascular wall plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. The present study was undertaken to characterise how different constituents of LDL contribute to its in vitro oxidisability. METHODS The LDL composition, i.e. lipids, antioxidants, fatty acids, plasmenylcholines, and baseline level of conjugated dienes (CD) of 94 well-controlled and normolipidaemic type 2 diabetic patients was measured. Two oxidisability indices were determined: the lag time, reflecting the resistance of LDL to copper-induced oxidation, and the amount of conjugated dienes formed during oxidation of LDL. RESULTS The lag time was not related to the total level of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, but a strong inverse relationship was observed with fatty acids with three or more double bonds (r = -0.56, p < 0.001). In addition, an inverse relation was observed between the lag time and LDL-plasmenylcholine (r = -0.35, p < 0.001). Although not related to lag time in univariate analysis, alpha-tocopherol was a significant determinant in multiple regression analysis. A multiple linear regression model with LDL polyunsaturated fatty acids with three or more double bonds, alpha-tocopherol, monounsaturated fatty acids, and plasmenylcholines as determinants explained 47% of the variation in lag time. CD production was negatively correlated to oleic acid and positively to linoleic acid (r = -0.45 and r = 0.73, respectively; p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Fatty acids with three or more double bonds were the most important predictor of LDL lag time, whereas oleic acid and linoleic acid were major determinants of the amount of CD formed during oxidation of LDL.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Scheffer
- Metabolic Unit, Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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