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Miller AJ, Arnold AC. The renin-angiotensin system and cardiovascular autonomic control in aging. Peptides 2022; 150:170733. [PMID: 34973286 PMCID: PMC8923940 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aging is the greatest independent risk factor for developing hypertension and cardiovascular-related diseases including systolic hypertension, vascular disease, ischemic events, arrhythmias, and heart failure. Age-related cardiovascular risk is associated with dysfunction of peripheral organ systems, such as the heart and vasculature, as well as an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system characterized by increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic neurotransmission. Given the increasing prevalence of aged individuals worldwide, it is critical to better understand mechanisms contributing to impaired cardiovascular autonomic control in this population. In this regard, the renin-angiotensin system has emerged as an important hormonal modulator of cardiovascular function in aging, in part through modulation of autonomic pathways controlling sympathetic and parasympathetic outflow to cardiovascular end organs. This review will summarize the role of the RAS in cardiovascular autonomic control during aging, with a focus on current knowledge of angiotensin II versus angiotensin-(1-7) pathways in both rodent models and humans, pharmacological treatment strategies targeting the renin-angiotensin system, and unanswered questions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Miller
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Amy C Arnold
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
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Robust analysis of angiotensin peptides in human plasma: Column switching-parallel LC/ESI-SRM/MS without adsorption or enzymatic decomposition. Anal Biochem 2021; 630:114327. [PMID: 34364857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2021.114327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin (Ang) peptides are the main effectors of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) regulating diverse physiological conditions and are involved in renal and vascular diseases. Currently, quantitative analyses of Ang peptides in human plasma mainly rely on radioimmunoassay-based methods whose reported levels are quite divergent. Analyses are further complicated by the potential of Ang peptides to bind to solid surfaces, to be enzymatically decomposed during sample preparation, and to undergo post-translational modifications. A column switching-parallel LC/ESI-SRM/MS method has been developed for seven Ang peptides (Ang I, Ang II, Ang III, Ang IV, Ang 1-9, Ang 1-7, and Ang A) in human plasma. Aqueous acetonitrile (5%) containing 50 mM arginine (Arg) as a dissolving solution and a combination of protease inhibitors with formic acid were used to prevent adsorption and enzymatic degradation, respectively. Plasma samples were simply deproteinized with acetonitrile followed by clean-up with an on-line trap column via column-switching. Stable isotope dilution with [13C5,15N1-Val]-Ang peptides as internal standards was employed for quantitative analysis. The current methodology has been successfully applied to determine the plasma levels of Ang peptides in healthy participants, suggesting future applicability to studies of various diseases related to RAS.
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Caroccia B, Vanderriele PE, Seccia TM, Piazza M, Lenzini L, Prisco S, Torresan F, Domenig O, Iacobone M, Poglitsch M, Rossi GP. Aldosterone and cortisol synthesis regulation by angiotensin-(1-7) and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in the human adrenal cortex. J Hypertens 2021; 39:1577-1585. [PMID: 33657582 PMCID: PMC9904433 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The branch of the renin--angiotensin system constituting angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)], the Ang II type 2 receptor, the Mas receptors and the Ang-(1-7)-forming enzyme ACE-2, by counteracting the Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1R)-mediated effects, are held to be cardiovascular protective in several conditions. However, whether Ang-(1-7) and ACE-2 are detectable in human adrenocortical tissues and whether they affect aldosterone and cortisol biosynthesis was unknown. METHODS We measured angiotensin peptides with liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry and ACE-2 mRNA with digital droplet (dd)PCR in human aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) and APA-adjacent tissue obtained from patients with primary aldosteronism. We also investigated the effects of Ang-(1-7) and the ACE-2 activator diminazene aceturate (DIZE) on aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) and 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1) gene expression, in the absence or presence of the AT1R antagonist irbesartan, or of the MasR antagonist A779. RESULTS APA and APA-adjacent adrenocortical tissues express ACE-2 mRNA and contain detectable amounts of Ang II and Ang-(2-8), but not of Ang I, Ang-(1-5), Ang (3-8) and Ang-(1-7). Under unstimulated and Ang II- stimulated conditions Ang-(1-7) did not blunt CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 mRNA. At supraphysiological concentrations (10-4 mol/l), Ang-(1-7) stimulated both CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 mRNA via the AT1R. The ACE-2 activator DIZE increased by 1.5-fold ACE-2 mRNA but did not blunt Ang II- upregulated CYP11B1 and CYP11B2 expression. CONCLUSION These results do not support the hypothesis that the ACE-2/Ang-(1-7)/MasR axis play a protective role by counteracting enhanced aldosterone secretion in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brasilina Caroccia
- Specialized Center for Blood Pressure Disorders-Regione Veneto and Emergency-Hypertension Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua
| | - Paul-Emmanuel Vanderriele
- Specialized Center for Blood Pressure Disorders-Regione Veneto and Emergency-Hypertension Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua
| | - Teresa Maria Seccia
- Specialized Center for Blood Pressure Disorders-Regione Veneto and Emergency-Hypertension Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua
| | - Maria Piazza
- Specialized Center for Blood Pressure Disorders-Regione Veneto and Emergency-Hypertension Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua
| | - Livia Lenzini
- Specialized Center for Blood Pressure Disorders-Regione Veneto and Emergency-Hypertension Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua
| | - Selene Prisco
- Specialized Center for Blood Pressure Disorders-Regione Veneto and Emergency-Hypertension Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua
| | - Francesca Torresan
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Maurizio Iacobone
- Endocrine Surgery Unit, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Gian Paolo Rossi
- Specialized Center for Blood Pressure Disorders-Regione Veneto and Emergency-Hypertension Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED, University of Padua
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Ahmad S, Punzi HA, Wright KN, Groban L, Ferrario CM. Newly developed radioimmunoassay for Human Angiotensin-(1-12) measurements in plasma and urine. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 529:111256. [PMID: 33798634 PMCID: PMC8694336 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The dodecapeptide angiotensin-(1-12) [Ang-(1-12)] functions as an intracrine/paracrine substrate for local production of angiotensin II. We developed a reliable and specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) method for the measurement of Ang-(1-12) in human plasma and urine using an affinity purified antibody fraction directed towards the C-terminus of the human Ang-(1-12) sequence. The RIA method was applied to quantify the Ang-(1-12) in plasma and urine collected from thirty-four human subjects (29 treated with antihypertensive medicines and 5 untreated patients). Plasma Ang-(1-12) level was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in patients with systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg (n = 10) compared to the group with systolic blood pressure <140 mm Hg (n = 24). No significant difference (P = 0.22) was found in spot urine between the groups. Our study also shows that the polyclonal antibody neutralizes the cleavage sites of the human Ang-(1-12) from recombinant human chymase (rhChymase) and serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) mediated Ang II generating hydrolysis. Overall, this newly developed RIA method is reliable and applicable to accurately quantify the Ang-(1-12) level in clinical samples (plasma and urine). Further, our in vitro neutralization study suggests that the anti-Ang-(1-12)-antibody might be used as an in vivo therapeutic agent for preventing Ang-(1-12)/Ang II-mediated hypertension and organ damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarfaraz Ahmad
- Department of General Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
| | - Henry A Punzi
- Trinity Hypertension & Metabolic Research Institute, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Carrollton, TX, 75006, USA
| | - Kendra N Wright
- Department of General Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Leanne Groban
- Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Carlos M Ferrario
- Department of General Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA; Department of Physiology-Pharmacology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
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Sparks MA, South AM, Badley AD, Baker-Smith CM, Batlle D, Bozkurt B, Cattaneo R, Crowley SD, Dell’Italia LJ, Ford AL, Griendling K, Gurley SB, Kasner SE, Murray JA, Nath KA, Pfeffer MA, Rangaswami J, Taylor WR, Garovic VD. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, COVID-19, and the Renin-Angiotensin System: Pressing Needs and Best Research Practices. Hypertension 2020; 76:1350-1367. [PMID: 32981369 PMCID: PMC7685174 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is associated with significant morbidity and mortality throughout the world, predominantly due to lung and cardiovascular injury. The virus responsible for COVID-19-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-gains entry into host cells via ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2). ACE2 is a primary enzyme within the key counter-regulatory pathway of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which acts to oppose the actions of Ang (angiotensin) II by generating Ang-(1-7) to reduce inflammation and fibrosis and mitigate end organ damage. As COVID-19 spans multiple organ systems linked to the cardiovascular system, it is imperative to understand clearly how severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 may affect the multifaceted RAS. In addition, recognition of the role of ACE2 and the RAS in COVID-19 has renewed interest in its role in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease in general. We provide researchers with a framework of best practices in basic and clinical research to interrogate the RAS using appropriate methodology, especially those who are relatively new to the field. This is crucial, as there are many limitations inherent in investigating the RAS in experimental models and in humans. We discuss sound methodological approaches to quantifying enzyme content and activity (ACE, ACE2), peptides (Ang II, Ang-[1-7]), and receptors (types 1 and 2 Ang II receptors, Mas receptor). Our goal is to ensure appropriate research methodology for investigations of the RAS in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and COVID-19 to ensure optimal rigor and reproducibility and appropriate interpretation of results from these investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A. Sparks
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Renal Section, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC
- American Heart Association, Council on Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease
| | - Andrew M. South
- American Heart Association, Council on Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease
- American Heart Association, Council on Hypertension
- Section of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Brenner Children’s Hospital, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
- Department of Surgery-Hypertension and Vascular Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
- Cardiovascular Sciences Center, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC
| | - Andrew D. Badley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Carissa M. Baker-Smith
- Director of Preventive Cardiology, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE
- American Heart Association, Council on Lifelong Congenital Heart Disease and Heart Health in the Young
| | - Daniel Batlle
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University Feinberg Medical School, Chicago, IL
- American Heart Association, Council on Hypertension
| | - Biykem Bozkurt
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX
- American Heart Association, Council on Clinical Cardiology
| | - Roberto Cattaneo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Steven D. Crowley
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Renal Section, Durham VA Health Care System, Durham, NC
- American Heart Association, Council on Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease
| | - Louis J. Dell’Italia
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL
- American Heart Association, Council on Basic Cardiovascular Sciences
| | - Andria L. Ford
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
- American Heart Association, Stroke Council
| | - Kathy Griendling
- American Heart Association, Council on Basic Cardiovascular Sciences
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Susan B. Gurley
- American Heart Association, Council on Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Scott E. Kasner
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- American Heart Association, Stroke Council
| | - Joseph A. Murray
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Karl A. Nath
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Marc A. Pfeffer
- American Heart Association, Council on Clinical Cardiology
- Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Janani Rangaswami
- American Heart Association, Council on Kidney in Cardiovascular Disease
- Department of Medicine, Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
- Sidney Kimmel College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - W. Robert Taylor
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Emory University and Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
- Division of Cardiology, Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, GA
- American Heart Association, Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology
| | - Vesna D. Garovic
- American Heart Association, Council on Hypertension
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
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Forrester SJ, Booz GW, Sigmund CD, Coffman TM, Kawai T, Rizzo V, Scalia R, Eguchi S. Angiotensin II Signal Transduction: An Update on Mechanisms of Physiology and Pathophysiology. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:1627-1738. [PMID: 29873596 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00038.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 621] [Impact Index Per Article: 103.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system plays crucial roles in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. However, many of the signaling mechanisms have been unclear. The angiotensin II (ANG II) type 1 receptor (AT1R) is believed to mediate most functions of ANG II in the system. AT1R utilizes various signal transduction cascades causing hypertension, cardiovascular remodeling, and end organ damage. Moreover, functional cross-talk between AT1R signaling pathways and other signaling pathways have been recognized. Accumulating evidence reveals the complexity of ANG II signal transduction in pathophysiology of the vasculature, heart, kidney, and brain, as well as several pathophysiological features, including inflammation, metabolic dysfunction, and aging. In this review, we provide a comprehensive update of the ANG II receptor signaling events and their functional significances for potential translation into therapeutic strategies. AT1R remains central to the system in mediating physiological and pathophysiological functions of ANG II, and participation of specific signaling pathways becomes much clearer. There are still certain limitations and many controversies, and several noteworthy new concepts require further support. However, it is expected that rigorous translational research of the ANG II signaling pathways including those in large animals and humans will contribute to establishing effective new therapies against various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Forrester
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - George W Booz
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Curt D Sigmund
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Thomas M Coffman
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Tatsuo Kawai
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Victor Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rosario Scalia
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center , Jackson, Mississippi ; Department of Pharmacology, Center for Hypertension Research, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa , Iowa City, Iowa ; and Duke-NUS, Singapore and Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center , Durham, North Carolina
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A Primer to Angiotensin Peptide Isolation, Stability, and Analysis by Nano-Liquid Chromatography with Mass Detection. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1614:175-187. [PMID: 28500604 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7030-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is an important element of cardiovascular and renal physiology and targeting the RAS by renin inhibitors, angiotensin (Ang) converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and Ang II type 1 receptor antagonists is effective in the treatment of hypertension, heart failure, and atherosclerosis. Quantification of Ang peptides is critical to establish the status of the RAS, but it is challenging due to low Ang peptides concentrations (fmol/mL or fmol/g), abundance of interfering substances, post sampling conversions, and difficulties with the specificity of the assay.In this chapter, we describe a new nano-LC/MS-based methodology for comprehensive, specific, sensitive, and accurate quantification of Ang peptides profile in plasma and tissue. We optimized sample pretreatment method (protein removal (acetonitrile precipitation) followed by solid-phase extraction (C18 silica bonded phase)), chromatographic conditions (reversed-phase nanochromatography with preconcentration), and mass detection (multiple reaction monitoring) of nine peptides: Ang-(1-12), Ang I (1-10), Ang-(1-9), Ang II (1-8), [Ala1]-Ang II, Ang III (2-8), Ang IV (3-8), Ang-(1-7), and [Ala1]-Ang-(1-7). Assessment of plasma and cardiac concentrations of Ang peptides in genetically modified atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E/LDL receptor double knockout (ApoE-/-/LDLR-/-) mice vs. wild types revealed changes in renin-angiotensin system consistent with an overactivation of ACE and impairment of ACE2. The method could be easily adopted for high-throughput analysis and for use in clinical applications such as diagnosis of the RAS abnormalities or monitoring of the RAS inhibition-based therapies.
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Wang HJ, Chen SF, Lo WY. Identification of Cofilin-1 Induces G0/G1 Arrest and Autophagy in Angiotensin-(1-7)-treated Human Aortic Endothelial Cells from iTRAQ Quantitative Proteomics. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35372. [PMID: 27748441 PMCID: PMC5066316 DOI: 10.1038/srep35372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas axis is a pathway that acts against the detrimental effects of the renin-angiotensin system. However, the effects of angiotensin-(1-7) on endothelial protein expression and the related phenotypes are unclear. We performed a duplicate of iTRAQ quantitative proteomic analysis on human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) treated with angiotensin-(1-7) for 6 hours. Cofilin-1 was identified as a highly abundant candidate with consistent >30% coverage and >1.2-fold overexpression in the angiotensin-(1-7)-treated group. Gene ontology analysis showed that the "regulation_of_mitosis" was significantly altered, and cell cycle analysis indicated that the 6-hour angiotensin-(1-7) treatment significantly induced G0/G1 arrest. Knockdown of the cofilin-1 (CFL1) gene suggested the G0/G1 phase arrest was mediated by the modulation of p27 and the p21/Cyclin/CDK complex by Cofilin-1. Interestingly, quiescent HAECs escaped G0/G1 arrest upon angiotensin-(1-7) treatment for 24 hours, and angiotensin-(1-7) induced autophagy by upregulating Beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3b-II expression, which was also attenuated by A779 pre-treatment and CFL1 knockdown. After pre-treatment with 3-methyladenine (3MA), treatment with angiotensin-(1-7) for 24 h induced significant G0/G1 phase arrest and apoptosis, suggesting a pro-survival role of autophagy in this context. In conclusion, Cofilin-1 plays a dominant role in angiotensin-(1-7)-induced G0/G1 arrest and autophagy to maintain cellular homeostasis in HAECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang-Joe Wang
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, No. 91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan 40402, R.O.C.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Road, Taichung Taiwan 40447, R.O.C.,Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, No. 2, Yude Road, Taichung Taiwan 40447, R.O.C
| | - Sung-Fang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan Normal University, No. 88, Sec. 4, Ting-Chow Rd, Taipei, Taiwan 11677, R.O.C
| | - Wan-Yu Lo
- Cardiovascular &Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Hung Kuang University, No. 1018, Sec. 6, Taiwan Boulevard, Shalu District, Taichung Taiwan 43302, R.O.C
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Galandrin S, Denis C, Boularan C, Marie J, M'Kadmi C, Pilette C, Dubroca C, Nicaise Y, Seguelas MH, N'Guyen D, Banères JL, Pathak A, Sénard JM, Galés C. Cardioprotective Angiotensin-(1-7) Peptide Acts as a Natural-Biased Ligand at the Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor. Hypertension 2016; 68:1365-1374. [PMID: 27698068 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.08118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Hyperactivity of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system through the angiotensin II (Ang II)/Ang II type 1 receptor (AT1-R) axis constitutes a hallmark of hypertension. Recent findings indicate that only a subset of AT1-R signaling pathways is cardiodeleterious, and their selective inhibition by biased ligands promotes therapeutic benefit. To date, only synthetic biased ligands have been described, and whether natural renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system peptides exhibit functional selectivity at AT1-R remains unknown. In this study, we systematically determined efficacy and potency of Ang II, Ang III, Ang IV, and Ang-(1-7) in AT1-R-expressing HEK293T cells on the activation of cardiodeleterious G-proteins and cardioprotective β-arrestin2. Ang III and Ang IV fully activate similar G-proteins than Ang II, the prototypical AT1-R agonist, despite weaker potency of Ang IV. Interestingly, Ang-(1-7) that binds AT1-R fails to promote G-protein activation but behaves as a competitive antagonist for Ang II/Gi and Ang II/Gq pathways. Conversely, all renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system peptides act as agonists on the AT1-R/β-arrestin2 axis but display biased activities relative to Ang II as indicated by their differences in potency and AT1-R/β-arrestin2 intracellular routing. Importantly, we reveal Ang-(1-7) a known Mas receptor-specific ligand, as an AT1-R-biased agonist, selectively promoting β-arrestin activation while blocking the detrimental Ang II/AT1-R/Gq axis. This original pharmacological profile of Ang-(1-7) at AT1-R, similar to that of synthetic AT1-R-biased agonists, could, in part, contribute to its cardiovascular benefits. Accordingly, in vivo, Ang-(1-7) counteracts the phenylephrine-induced aorta contraction, which was blunted in AT1-R knockout mice. Collectively, these data suggest that Ang-(1-7) natural-biased agonism at AT1-R could fine-tune the physiology of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ségolène Galandrin
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), INSERM, UMR 1048, Université de Toulouse, France (S.G., C.D., C.B., M.-H.S., D.N., A.P., J.-M.S., C.G.); Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier Cedex 05, France (J.M., C.M., J.-L.B.); Cardiomedex SAS, Toulouse, France (C.P., C.D.); and Département d'histopathologie (Y.N.) and Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Faculté de médecine (D.N., A.P., J.-M.S.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, France
| | - Colette Denis
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), INSERM, UMR 1048, Université de Toulouse, France (S.G., C.D., C.B., M.-H.S., D.N., A.P., J.-M.S., C.G.); Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier Cedex 05, France (J.M., C.M., J.-L.B.); Cardiomedex SAS, Toulouse, France (C.P., C.D.); and Département d'histopathologie (Y.N.) and Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Faculté de médecine (D.N., A.P., J.-M.S.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, France
| | - Cédric Boularan
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), INSERM, UMR 1048, Université de Toulouse, France (S.G., C.D., C.B., M.-H.S., D.N., A.P., J.-M.S., C.G.); Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier Cedex 05, France (J.M., C.M., J.-L.B.); Cardiomedex SAS, Toulouse, France (C.P., C.D.); and Département d'histopathologie (Y.N.) and Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Faculté de médecine (D.N., A.P., J.-M.S.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, France
| | - Jacky Marie
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), INSERM, UMR 1048, Université de Toulouse, France (S.G., C.D., C.B., M.-H.S., D.N., A.P., J.-M.S., C.G.); Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier Cedex 05, France (J.M., C.M., J.-L.B.); Cardiomedex SAS, Toulouse, France (C.P., C.D.); and Département d'histopathologie (Y.N.) and Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Faculté de médecine (D.N., A.P., J.-M.S.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, France
| | - Céline M'Kadmi
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), INSERM, UMR 1048, Université de Toulouse, France (S.G., C.D., C.B., M.-H.S., D.N., A.P., J.-M.S., C.G.); Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier Cedex 05, France (J.M., C.M., J.-L.B.); Cardiomedex SAS, Toulouse, France (C.P., C.D.); and Département d'histopathologie (Y.N.) and Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Faculté de médecine (D.N., A.P., J.-M.S.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Pilette
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), INSERM, UMR 1048, Université de Toulouse, France (S.G., C.D., C.B., M.-H.S., D.N., A.P., J.-M.S., C.G.); Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier Cedex 05, France (J.M., C.M., J.-L.B.); Cardiomedex SAS, Toulouse, France (C.P., C.D.); and Département d'histopathologie (Y.N.) and Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Faculté de médecine (D.N., A.P., J.-M.S.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, France
| | - Caroline Dubroca
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), INSERM, UMR 1048, Université de Toulouse, France (S.G., C.D., C.B., M.-H.S., D.N., A.P., J.-M.S., C.G.); Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier Cedex 05, France (J.M., C.M., J.-L.B.); Cardiomedex SAS, Toulouse, France (C.P., C.D.); and Département d'histopathologie (Y.N.) and Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Faculté de médecine (D.N., A.P., J.-M.S.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, France
| | - Yvan Nicaise
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), INSERM, UMR 1048, Université de Toulouse, France (S.G., C.D., C.B., M.-H.S., D.N., A.P., J.-M.S., C.G.); Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier Cedex 05, France (J.M., C.M., J.-L.B.); Cardiomedex SAS, Toulouse, France (C.P., C.D.); and Département d'histopathologie (Y.N.) and Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Faculté de médecine (D.N., A.P., J.-M.S.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Hélène Seguelas
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), INSERM, UMR 1048, Université de Toulouse, France (S.G., C.D., C.B., M.-H.S., D.N., A.P., J.-M.S., C.G.); Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier Cedex 05, France (J.M., C.M., J.-L.B.); Cardiomedex SAS, Toulouse, France (C.P., C.D.); and Département d'histopathologie (Y.N.) and Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Faculté de médecine (D.N., A.P., J.-M.S.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, France
| | - Du N'Guyen
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), INSERM, UMR 1048, Université de Toulouse, France (S.G., C.D., C.B., M.-H.S., D.N., A.P., J.-M.S., C.G.); Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier Cedex 05, France (J.M., C.M., J.-L.B.); Cardiomedex SAS, Toulouse, France (C.P., C.D.); and Département d'histopathologie (Y.N.) and Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Faculté de médecine (D.N., A.P., J.-M.S.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Louis Banères
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), INSERM, UMR 1048, Université de Toulouse, France (S.G., C.D., C.B., M.-H.S., D.N., A.P., J.-M.S., C.G.); Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier Cedex 05, France (J.M., C.M., J.-L.B.); Cardiomedex SAS, Toulouse, France (C.P., C.D.); and Département d'histopathologie (Y.N.) and Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Faculté de médecine (D.N., A.P., J.-M.S.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, France
| | - Atul Pathak
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), INSERM, UMR 1048, Université de Toulouse, France (S.G., C.D., C.B., M.-H.S., D.N., A.P., J.-M.S., C.G.); Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier Cedex 05, France (J.M., C.M., J.-L.B.); Cardiomedex SAS, Toulouse, France (C.P., C.D.); and Département d'histopathologie (Y.N.) and Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Faculté de médecine (D.N., A.P., J.-M.S.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Michel Sénard
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), INSERM, UMR 1048, Université de Toulouse, France (S.G., C.D., C.B., M.-H.S., D.N., A.P., J.-M.S., C.G.); Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier Cedex 05, France (J.M., C.M., J.-L.B.); Cardiomedex SAS, Toulouse, France (C.P., C.D.); and Département d'histopathologie (Y.N.) and Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Faculté de médecine (D.N., A.P., J.-M.S.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Galés
- From the Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), INSERM, UMR 1048, Université de Toulouse, France (S.G., C.D., C.B., M.-H.S., D.N., A.P., J.-M.S., C.G.); Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-Université Montpellier-ENSCM, Faculté de Pharmacie, Montpellier Cedex 05, France (J.M., C.M., J.-L.B.); Cardiomedex SAS, Toulouse, France (C.P., C.D.); and Département d'histopathologie (Y.N.) and Service de Pharmacologie Clinique, Faculté de médecine (D.N., A.P., J.-M.S.), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, France.
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Hisatake S, Kiuchi S, Kabuki T, Oka T, Dobashi S, Ikeda T. Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 concentration and angiotensin-(1–7) concentration in patients with acute heart failure patients requiring emergency hospitalization. Heart Vessels 2016; 32:303-308. [DOI: 10.1007/s00380-016-0877-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Durand MJ, Zinkevich NS, Riedel M, Gutterman DD, Nasci VL, Salato VK, Hijjawi JB, Reuben CF, North PE, Beyer AM. Vascular Actions of Angiotensin 1-7 in the Human Microcirculation: Novel Role for Telomerase. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1254-62. [PMID: 27079876 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined vascular actions of angiotensin 1-7 (ANG 1-7) in human atrial and adipose arterioles. APPROACH AND RESULTS The endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor of flow-mediated dilation (FMD) switches from antiproliferative nitric oxide (NO) to proatherosclerotic hydrogen peroxide in arterioles from humans with coronary artery disease (CAD). Given the known vasoprotective properties of ANG 1-7, we tested the hypothesis that overnight ANG 1-7 treatment restores the NO component of FMD in arterioles from patients with CAD. Endothelial telomerase activity is essential for preserving the NO component of vasodilation in the human microcirculation; thus, we also tested whether telomerase activity was necessary for ANG 1-7-mediated vasoprotection by treating separate arterioles with ANG 1-7±the telomerase inhibitor 2-[[(2E)-3-(2-naphthalenyl)-1-oxo-2-butenyl1-yl]amino]benzoic acid. ANG 1-7 dilated arterioles from patients without CAD, whereas dilation was significantly reduced in arterioles from patients with CAD. In atrial arterioles from patients with CAD incubated with ANG 1-7 overnight, the NO synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester abolished FMD, whereas the hydrogen peroxide scavenger polyethylene glycol catalase had no effect. Conversely, in vessels incubated with ANG 1-7+2-[[(2E)-3-(2-naphthalenyl)-1-oxo-2-butenyl1-yl]amino]benzoic acid, NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester had no effect on FMD, but polyethylene glycol catalase abolished dilation. In cultured human coronary artery endothelial cells, ANG 1-7 significantly increased telomerase activity. These results indicate that ANG 1-7 dilates human microvessels, and dilation is abrogated in the presence of CAD. Furthermore, ANG 1-7 treatment is sufficient to restore the NO component of FMD in arterioles from patients with CAD in a telomerase-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS ANG 1-7 exerts vasoprotection in the human microvasculature via modulation of telomerase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Durand
- From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.J.D.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center (M.J.D., N.S.Z., M.R., D.D.G., V.L.N., A.M.B.), Department of Pathology, Division of Pediatric Pathology (V.K.S., P.E.N.), Department of Plastic Surgery (J.B.H.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (C.F.R.), and Department of Physiology (A.M.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and Department of Health and Medicine, Carroll University, Waukesha, WI (N.S.Z.)
| | - Natalya S Zinkevich
- From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.J.D.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center (M.J.D., N.S.Z., M.R., D.D.G., V.L.N., A.M.B.), Department of Pathology, Division of Pediatric Pathology (V.K.S., P.E.N.), Department of Plastic Surgery (J.B.H.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (C.F.R.), and Department of Physiology (A.M.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and Department of Health and Medicine, Carroll University, Waukesha, WI (N.S.Z.)
| | - Michael Riedel
- From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.J.D.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center (M.J.D., N.S.Z., M.R., D.D.G., V.L.N., A.M.B.), Department of Pathology, Division of Pediatric Pathology (V.K.S., P.E.N.), Department of Plastic Surgery (J.B.H.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (C.F.R.), and Department of Physiology (A.M.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and Department of Health and Medicine, Carroll University, Waukesha, WI (N.S.Z.)
| | - David D Gutterman
- From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.J.D.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center (M.J.D., N.S.Z., M.R., D.D.G., V.L.N., A.M.B.), Department of Pathology, Division of Pediatric Pathology (V.K.S., P.E.N.), Department of Plastic Surgery (J.B.H.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (C.F.R.), and Department of Physiology (A.M.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and Department of Health and Medicine, Carroll University, Waukesha, WI (N.S.Z.)
| | - Victoria L Nasci
- From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.J.D.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center (M.J.D., N.S.Z., M.R., D.D.G., V.L.N., A.M.B.), Department of Pathology, Division of Pediatric Pathology (V.K.S., P.E.N.), Department of Plastic Surgery (J.B.H.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (C.F.R.), and Department of Physiology (A.M.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and Department of Health and Medicine, Carroll University, Waukesha, WI (N.S.Z.)
| | - Valerie K Salato
- From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.J.D.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center (M.J.D., N.S.Z., M.R., D.D.G., V.L.N., A.M.B.), Department of Pathology, Division of Pediatric Pathology (V.K.S., P.E.N.), Department of Plastic Surgery (J.B.H.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (C.F.R.), and Department of Physiology (A.M.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and Department of Health and Medicine, Carroll University, Waukesha, WI (N.S.Z.)
| | - John B Hijjawi
- From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.J.D.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center (M.J.D., N.S.Z., M.R., D.D.G., V.L.N., A.M.B.), Department of Pathology, Division of Pediatric Pathology (V.K.S., P.E.N.), Department of Plastic Surgery (J.B.H.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (C.F.R.), and Department of Physiology (A.M.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and Department of Health and Medicine, Carroll University, Waukesha, WI (N.S.Z.)
| | - Charles F Reuben
- From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.J.D.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center (M.J.D., N.S.Z., M.R., D.D.G., V.L.N., A.M.B.), Department of Pathology, Division of Pediatric Pathology (V.K.S., P.E.N.), Department of Plastic Surgery (J.B.H.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (C.F.R.), and Department of Physiology (A.M.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and Department of Health and Medicine, Carroll University, Waukesha, WI (N.S.Z.)
| | - Paula E North
- From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.J.D.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center (M.J.D., N.S.Z., M.R., D.D.G., V.L.N., A.M.B.), Department of Pathology, Division of Pediatric Pathology (V.K.S., P.E.N.), Department of Plastic Surgery (J.B.H.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (C.F.R.), and Department of Physiology (A.M.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and Department of Health and Medicine, Carroll University, Waukesha, WI (N.S.Z.)
| | - Andreas M Beyer
- From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (M.J.D.), Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Center (M.J.D., N.S.Z., M.R., D.D.G., V.L.N., A.M.B.), Department of Pathology, Division of Pediatric Pathology (V.K.S., P.E.N.), Department of Plastic Surgery (J.B.H.), Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery (C.F.R.), and Department of Physiology (A.M.B.), Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee; and Department of Health and Medicine, Carroll University, Waukesha, WI (N.S.Z.).
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Chappell MC. Biochemical evaluation of the renin-angiotensin system: the good, bad, and absolute? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2015; 310:H137-52. [PMID: 26475588 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00618.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) constitutes a key hormonal system in the physiological regulation of blood pressure through peripheral and central mechanisms. Indeed, dysregulation of the RAS is considered a major factor in the development of cardiovascular pathologies, and pharmacological blockade of this system by the inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) or antagonism of the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT1R) offers an effective therapeutic regimen. The RAS is now defined as a system composed of different angiotensin peptides with diverse biological actions mediated by distinct receptor subtypes. The classic RAS comprises the ACE-ANG II-AT1R axis that promotes vasoconstriction; water intake; sodium retention; and increased oxidative stress, fibrosis, cellular growth, and inflammation. In contrast, the nonclassical RAS composed primarily of the ANG II/ANG III-AT2R and the ACE2-ANG-(1-7)-AT7R pathways generally opposes the actions of a stimulated ANG II-AT1R axis. In lieu of the complex and multifunctional aspects of this system, as well as increased concerns on the reproducibility among laboratories, a critical assessment is provided on the current biochemical approaches to characterize and define the various components that ultimately reflect the status of the RAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Chappell
- The Hypertension and Vascular Research Center, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
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Russ M, Hauser S, Wintersteiger R, Greilberger J, Andrä M, Ortner A. Determination of Angiotensin-(1-7) with HPLC/Fluorescence-Detection. J Fluoresc 2015; 26:81-6. [PMID: 26452351 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-015-1686-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Angiotensin-(1-7) is an important active component in the renin-angiotensin-system. Due to its cardio protective effects it is now under investigation in combination with antioxidants as a reperfusion solution. The combination showed impressive effects on isolated hearts of male Wistar rats after induced ischemia. In this work a high performance liquid chromatography method with fluorescence detection was developed for the first time for in-process measurements as well as for stability tests of the peptide in the novel antioxidant-containing Karal® solution. For fluorescence detection of angiotensin-(1-7) fluorescamine as derivatization dye was applied. Under optimized conditions the method showed linearity over the range of 50 to 5000 ng/mL with R(2) of 0.9988 and an overall precision better than 5.0 %. LOD and LOQ were determined to be in the femtomol range on column. It was found that stability of angiotensin-(1-7) could be significantly improved in the antioxidant containing preparation compared to aqueous solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Russ
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Schubertstraße 1, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Susanne Hauser
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Schubertstraße 1, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Reinhold Wintersteiger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Schubertstraße 1, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Joachim Greilberger
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical University Graz, Harrachgasse 21, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Michaela Andrä
- Division of Transplantation Surgery, Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 29, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Astrid Ortner
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Schubertstraße 1, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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Abstract
The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus is predicted to increase dramatically over the coming years and the clinical implications and healthcare costs from this disease are overwhelming. In many cases, this pathological condition is linked to a cluster of metabolic disorders, such as obesity, systemic hypertension and dyslipidaemia, defined as the metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance has been proposed as the key mediator of all of these features and contributes to the associated high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Although the molecular mechanisms behind insulin resistance are not completely understood, a negative cross-talk between AngII (angiotensin II) and the insulin signalling pathway has been the focus of great interest in the last decade. Indeed, substantial evidence has shown that anti-hypertensive drugs that block the RAS (renin-angiotensin system) may also act to prevent diabetes. Despite its long history, new components within the RAS continue to be discovered. Among them, Ang-(1-7) [angiotensin-(1-7)] has gained special attention as a counter-regulatory hormone opposing many of the AngII-related deleterious effects. Specifically, we and others have demonstrated that Ang-(1-7) improves the action of insulin and opposes the negative effect that AngII exerts at this level. In the present review, we provide evidence showing that insulin and Ang-(1-7) share a common intracellular signalling pathway. We also address the molecular mechanisms behind the beneficial effects of Ang-(1-7) on AngII-mediated insulin resistance. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic approaches leading to modulation of the ACE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2)/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis as a very attractive strategy in the therapy of the metabolic syndrome and diabetes-associated diseases.
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Impairment of the Plasmodium falciparum erythrocytic cycle induced by angiotensin peptides. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17174. [PMID: 21364758 PMCID: PMC3041794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum causes the most serious complications of malaria and is a public health problem worldwide with over 2 million deaths each year. The erythrocyte invasion mechanisms by Plasmodium sp. have been well described, however the physiological aspects involving host components in this process are still poorly understood. Here, we provide evidence for the role of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) components in reducing erythrocyte invasion by P. falciparum. Angiotensin II (Ang II) reduced erythrocyte invasion in an enriched schizont culture of P. falciparum in a dose-dependent manner. Using mass spectroscopy, we showed that Ang II was metabolized by erythrocytes to Ang IV and Ang-(1–7). Parasite infection decreased Ang-(1–7) and completely abolished Ang IV formation. Similar to Ang II, Ang-(1–7) decreased the level of infection in an A779 (specific antagonist of Ang-(1–7) receptor, MAS)-sensitive manner. 10−7 M PD123319, an AT2 receptor antagonist, partially reversed the effects of Ang-(1–7) and Ang II. However, 10−6 M losartan, an antagonist of the AT1 receptor, had no effect. Gs protein is a crucial player in the Plasmodium falciparum blood cycle and angiotensin peptides can modulate protein kinase A (PKA) activity; 10−8 M Ang II or 10−8 M Ang-(1–7) inhibited this activity in erythrocytes by 60% and this effect was reversed by 10−7 M A779. 10−6 M dibutyryl-cAMP increased the level of infection and 10−7 M PKA inhibitor decreased the level of infection by 30%. These results indicate that the effect of Ang-(1–7) on P. falciparum blood stage involves a MAS-mediated PKA inhibition. Our results indicate a crucial role for Ang II conversion into Ang-(1–7) in controlling the erythrocytic cycle of the malaria parasite, adding new functions to peptides initially described to be involved in the regulation of vascular tonus.
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Gurzu B, Costuleanu M, Slatineanu SM, Ciobanu A, Petrescu G. Are multiple angiotensin receptor types involved in angiotensin (1-7) actions on isolated rat portal vein. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2006; 6:90-5. [PMID: 16470488 DOI: 10.3317/jraas.2005.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin (1-7) [Ang (1-7)] is a bioactive component of the renin angiotensin system. Ang (1-7) may interact with angiotensin type 1 (AT1) or type 2 (AT2) receptors and with Ang (1-7) - specific receptors. We examined the interactions between different doses of Ang (1-7) (1 nM-1 microM) and angiotensin II (Ang II) (10 and 100 nM) on isolated rat portal vein. In endothelium-denuded portal vein rings, Ang (1-7) inhibited contractile effects induced by Ang II. The effects of Ang (1-7) were modified by indomethacin, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), (D-Ala7)-Angiotensin (1-7) (H-2888) and losartan. Our results suggest that on rat isolated portal vein rings without endothelium, Ang (1-7) reduces Ang II-induced contractions by acting mostly on Ang (1-7) specific receptors, and this effect is mediated by vasodilatatory prostaglandins. At high concentrations, Ang (1-7) effects are mediated by AT1-receptors, though to a lesser extent than by Ang (1-7) specific receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Gurzu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Gr. T. Popa", Iasi, RO-700115, Romania
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