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Choi W, Cha S, Kim K. Navigating the CRISPR/Cas Landscape for Enhanced Diagnosis and Treatment of Wilson's Disease. Cells 2024; 13:1214. [PMID: 39056796 PMCID: PMC11274827 DOI: 10.3390/cells13141214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) system continues to evolve, thereby enabling more precise detection and repair of mutagenesis. The development of CRISPR/Cas-based diagnosis holds promise for high-throughput, cost-effective, and portable nucleic acid screening and genetic disease diagnosis. In addition, advancements in transportation strategies such as adeno-associated virus (AAV), lentiviral vectors, nanoparticles, and virus-like vectors (VLPs) offer synergistic insights for gene therapeutics in vivo. Wilson's disease (WD), a copper metabolism disorder, is primarily caused by mutations in the ATPase copper transporting beta (ATP7B) gene. The condition is associated with the accumulation of copper in the body, leading to irreversible damage to various organs, including the liver, nervous system, kidneys, and eyes. However, the heterogeneous nature and individualized presentation of physical and neurological symptoms in WD patients pose significant challenges to accurate diagnosis. Furthermore, patients must consume copper-chelating medication throughout their lifetime. Herein, we provide a detailed description of WD and review the application of novel CRISPR-based strategies for its diagnosis and treatment, along with the challenges that need to be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woong Choi
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
| | - Seongkwang Cha
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungmi Kim
- Department of Physiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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2
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Kusak R, Nasiadek M, Stragierowicz J, Hanke W, Kilanowicz A. Changes in Endogenous Essential Metal Homeostasis in the Liver and Kidneys during a Six-Month Follow-Up Period after Subchronic Cadmium Exposure. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3829. [PMID: 38612636 PMCID: PMC11011286 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most dangerous environmental pollutants. Its mechanism of action is multidirectional; among other things, it disrupts the balance of key essential elements. The aim of this study was to assess how cumulative exposure to Cd influences its interaction with selected essential elements (Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg) in the kidney and liver during long-term observation (90 and 180 days) after subchronic exposure of rats (90 days) to Cd at common environmental (0.09 and 0.9 mg Cd/kg b.w.) and higher (1.8 and 4.5 mg Cd/kg b.w.) doses. Cd and essential elements were analyzed using the F-AAS and GF-AAS techniques. It was shown that the highest bioaccumulation of Cd in the kidney occurred six months after the end of exposure, and importantly, the highest accumulation was found after the lowest Cd dose (i.e., environmental exposure). Organ bioaccumulation of Cd (>21 μgCd/g w.w. in the kidney and >6 μgCd/g w.w. in the liver) was accompanied by changes in the other studied essential elements, particularly Cu in both the kidney and liver and Zn in the liver; these persisted for as long as six months after the end of the exposure. The results suggest that the critical concentration in human kidneys (40 μgCd/g w.w.), currently considered safe, may be too high and should be reviewed, as the observed long-term imbalance of Cu/Zn in the kidneys may lead to renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Kusak
- Medical Centers the Medici, 91-053 Lodz, Poland
| | - Marzenna Nasiadek
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Joanna Stragierowicz
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (A.K.)
| | - Wojciech Hanke
- Medical Informatics and Statistics Department, Medical University of Lodz, 90-419 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anna Kilanowicz
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-151 Lodz, Poland; (J.S.); (A.K.)
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3
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The synthesis of aggregation-induced emitting vitamin E derivative and its selective fluorescent response toward Fe3+. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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4
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Wang X, Chu C, Lv J, Jia Y, Lin L, Yang M, Zhang S, Huo D, Hou C. Simultaneous measurement of Cr(III) and Cu(II) based on indicator-displacement assay using a colorimetric nanoprobe. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1129:108-117. [PMID: 32891379 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
High-performance analysis of heavy metal ions is great importance in both environment and food safety. In this work, a facile and reliable colorimetric sensor was presented for simultaneous detection of Cu2+ and Cr3+ based on indicator-displacement assay (IDA). As a typical silicate nanomaterials, ZnSiO3 hollow nanosphere (ZSHS) exhibited an outstanding ion exchange capacity. Zincon was incorporated with the ZSHS to form a zincon/ZSHS hybrid ionophore with a blue color. Upon the addition of Cr3+, IDA reaction and selective ion exchange occurred with the color change of zincon/ZSHS ionophore from blue to yellow. With such a design, colorimetric measurement of Cr3+ was realized. The linear concentration for Cr3+ detection ranged from 0.5 μM to 75 μM with the LOD of 83.2 nM. Furthermore, we also screened different kinds of complexing agents that may respond with zincon/ZSHS ionophore and various metal ions. It was found that tartaric acid (TA) showed the chelation capability of Zn2+-TA is stronger than that of Zn2+-zincon. Thus zincon/ZSHS/TA presented a yellow color due to the chelation reaction of Zn2+-TA, releasing the zincon as a free state. After addition of Cu2+, a stronger chelation reaction of Cu2+-zincon occurred. This process involved in the color change from yellow to blue and realized colorimetric measurement of Cu2+. The detection limit of Cu2+ was calculated to be 43.7 nM with linear range from 0.1 to 20 μM. In addition, the zincon/ZSHS nanoprobe was successfully applied for simultaneous measurement of Cu2+ and Cr3+ in sorghum and river water, indicating that the zincon/ZSHS nanoprobe provided a promising sensing platform in environment and food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianfeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Chengxiang Chu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Jiayi Lv
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Jia
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Libo Lin
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Mei Yang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China
| | - Suyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China; National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Brewing, Luzhou Laojiao Group Co. Ltd., Luzhou, 646000, PR China.
| | - Danqun Huo
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-perception & Intelligent Information Processing, School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China.
| | - Changjun Hou
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-perception & Intelligent Information Processing, School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, PR China.
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5
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Arshad MS, Khan U, Sadiq A, Khalid W, Hussain M, Yasmeen A, Asghar Z, Rehana H. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and immunity booster green foods: A mini review. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:3971-3976. [PMID: 32837716 PMCID: PMC7300634 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focused on the use of plant-based foods for enhancing the immunity of all aged groups against COVID-19. In humans, coronaviruses are included in the spectrum of viruses that cause the common cold and, recently, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Emerging infectious diseases, such as SARS present a major threat to public health. The novel coronavirus has spread rapidly to multiple countries and has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. COVID-19 is usually caused a virus to which most probably the people with low immunity response are being affected. Plant-based foods increased the intestinal beneficial bacteria which are helpful and make up of 85% of the immune system. By the use of plenty of water, minerals like magnesium and Zinc, micronutrients, herbs, food rich in vitamins C, D and E, and better life style one can promote the health and can overcome this infection. Various studies investigated that a powerful antioxidant glutathione and a bioflavonoid quercetin may prevent various infections including COVID-19. In conclusion, the plant-based foods play a vital role to enhance the immunity of people to control of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sajid Arshad
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Urooj Khan
- Institute of Food Science & NutritionUniversity of SargodhaSargodhaPakistan
| | - Anam Sadiq
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Waseem Khalid
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Muhammad Hussain
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Ammara Yasmeen
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research Lahore Laboratories ComplexLahorePakistan
| | - Zubia Asghar
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Hafiza Rehana
- Department of Food ScienceFaculty of Life SciencesGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
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Ameh T, Sayes CM. The potential exposure and hazards of copper nanoparticles: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 71:103220. [PMID: 31306862 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.103220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Copper is an essential element for metabolism in plants and animals. In its nanoform, copper has found various applications, thus increasing potential environmental exposure. Released nanoparticles in the environment undergo various transformation processes while bioaccumulation and toxicity of copper nanoparticles have been demonstrated in plants and animals. This toxicity is thought to be a combined effect of intracellular particles and the release of dissolved copper ions. Oxidative stress responses have been studied in copper nanoparticle induced effects as well as other pathways to cytotoxicity. The antimicrobial potential of copper nanoparticles makes them excellent components for application in biomedicine and more recently, they have been investigated for applications as drug delivery agents in cancer therapy. These properties of copper nanoparticles necessitate a thorough review and understanding of toxic mechanisms of action and the associated implications of exposure to human and environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thelma Ameh
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Christie M Sayes
- Department of Environmental Science, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA.
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7
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Ntasi A, Al Jabbari YS, Mueller WD, Eliades T, Zinelis S. Electrochemical characterization of novel Ag-based brazing alloys for dental applications. Dent Mater 2019; 35:e163-e174. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Husain N, Mahmood R. Copper(II) generates ROS and RNS, impairs antioxidant system and damages membrane and DNA in human blood cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:20654-20668. [PMID: 31104239 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-05345-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is widely used in various industries, and human exposure to this metal results in severe multi-organ toxicity, which is thought to be due to the generation of free radicals by Fenton-like reaction. The generation of reactive oxygen as well as nitrogen species and free radicals results in induction of oxidative stress in the cell. We have studied the effect of different concentrations of Cu(II) on human erythrocytes and lymphocytes. Incubation of erythrocytes with copper chloride, a Cu(II) compound, enhanced the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, decreased glutathione and total sulphydryl content and increased protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation. All changes were in a Cu(II) concentration-dependent manner. This strongly suggests that Cu(II) causes oxidative damage in erythrocytes. The activities of major antioxidant enzymes were altered, and antioxidant power was lowered. Cu(II) treatment also resulted in membrane damage in erythrocytes as seen by electron microscopy and lowered activities of plasma membrane-bound enzymes. Incubation of human lymphocytes with Cu(II) resulted in DNA damage when studied by the sensitive comet assay. These results show that Cu(II) exerts cytotoxic and genotoxic effects on human blood cells probably by enhancing the generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazim Husain
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, 202002, India
| | - Riaz Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, UP, 202002, India.
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9
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Hernáez Á, Soria-Florido MT, Schröder H, Ros E, Pintó X, Estruch R, Salas-Salvadó J, Corella D, Arós F, Serra-Majem L, Martínez-González MÁ, Fiol M, Lapetra J, Elosua R, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Fitó M. Role of HDL function and LDL atherogenicity on cardiovascular risk: A comprehensive examination. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218533. [PMID: 31246976 PMCID: PMC6597156 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-density lipoprotein (HDL) functionality and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) atherogenic traits can describe the role of both particles on cardiovascular diseases more accurately than HDL- or LDL-cholesterol levels. However, it is unclear how these lipoprotein properties are particularly affected by different cardiovascular risk factors. OBJECTIVE To determine which lipoprotein properties are associated with greater cardiovascular risk scores and each cardiovascular risk factor. METHODS In two cross-sectional baseline samples of PREDIMED trial volunteers, we assessed the associations of HDL functionality (N = 296) and LDL atherogenicity traits (N = 210) with: 1) the 10-year predicted coronary risk (according to the Framingham-REGICOR score), and 2) classical cardiovascular risk factors. RESULTS Greater cardiovascular risk scores were associated with low cholesterol efflux values; oxidized, triglyceride-rich, small HDL particles; and small LDLs with low resistance against oxidation (P-trend<0.05, all). After adjusting for the rest of risk factors; 1) type-2 diabetic individuals presented smaller and more oxidized LDLs (P<0.026, all); 2) dyslipidemic participants had smaller HDLs with an impaired capacity to metabolize cholesterol (P<0.035, all); 3) high body mass index values were associated to lower HDL and LDL size and a lower HDL capacity to esterify cholesterol (P<0.037, all); 4) men presented a greater HDL oxidation and lower HDL vasodilatory capacity (P<0.046, all); and 5) greater ages were related to small, oxidized, cytotoxic LDL particles (P<0.037, all). CONCLUSIONS Dysfunctional HDL and atherogenic LDL particles are present in high cardiovascular risk patients. Dyslipidemia and male sex are predominantly linked to HDL dysfunctionality, whilst diabetes and advanced age are associated with LDL atherogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Hernáez
- Cardiovascular Risk, Nutrition and Aging Research Unit, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- Blanquerna School of Life Sciences, Universitat Ramón Llull, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Trinidad Soria-Florido
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- PhD Program in Food Sciences and Nutrition, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helmut Schröder
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- Cardiovascular Risk, Nutrition and Aging Research Unit, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Lipid Clinic, Endocrinology and Nutrition Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xavier Pintó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Lipids and Vascular Risk Unit, Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ramón Estruch
- Cardiovascular Risk, Nutrition and Aging Research Unit, August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Human Nutrition Unit, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d’Investigació Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Fernando Arós
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Álava, Vitoria, Spain
| | - Lluis Serra-Majem
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Miquel Fiol
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Balearic Islands Health Research Institute, Hospital Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - José Lapetra
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Family Medicine, Research Unit, Distrito Sanitario Atención Primaria Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Roberto Elosua
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics-REGICOR Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa María Lamuela-Raventós
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition Research Group, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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10
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Ntasi A, Al Jabbari YS, Silikas N, Eliades T, Zinelis S. Multitechnique characterization of conventional and experimental Ag-based brazing alloys for orthodontic applications. Dent Mater 2018; 34:e25-e35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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11
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Lesiów MK, Komarnicka UK, Stokowa-Sołtys K, Rolka K, Łęgowska A, Ptaszyńska N, Wieczorek R, Kyzioł A, Jeżowska-Bojczuk M. Relationship between copper(ii) complexes with FomA adhesin fragments ofF. nucleatumand colorectal cancer. Coordination pattern and ability to promote ROS production. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:5445-5458. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt04103a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The copper(ii) binding of the fragments of FomA was studied. Complexes stimulate the CT26 cell line to produce ROS which lead to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. K. Lesiów
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Wrocław
- 50-383 Wrocław
- Poland
| | | | | | - K. Rolka
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Gdańsk
- 80-308 Gdańsk
- Poland
| | - A. Łęgowska
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Gdańsk
- 80-308 Gdańsk
- Poland
| | - N. Ptaszyńska
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Gdańsk
- 80-308 Gdańsk
- Poland
| | - R. Wieczorek
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Wrocław
- 50-383 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - A. Kyzioł
- Faculty of Chemistry
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-387 Kraków
- Poland
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12
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Catalani S, Paganelli M, Gilberti ME, Rozzini L, Lanfranchi F, Padovani A, Apostoli P. Free copper in serum: An analytical challenge and its possible applications. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 45:176-180. [PMID: 29173476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu), as an essential metal, plays a crucial role in biochemical reactions and in physiological regulations. Cu in plasma is mostly bound to proteins; about 65-90% of Cu is tightly binds with caeruloplasmin and the rest of Cu is loosely binds with albumin and transcuprein. A small but significant relatively "free" fraction, probably complexed with amino acids, is present at around 5% of the total concentration. We developed and validated a new method for direct measurement of free Cu in serum by ultrafiltration with AMICON®Ultra 100K device and determination with AAS. Also, we checked that there is no trace of albumin in the ultrafiltrates and we demonstrated the ultrafiltration of a known concentration of Cu added in artificial serum without albumin and, on the contrary, the retention of the Cu in artificial serum with albumin. The ultrafiltration procedure and the instrumental determination showed a good repeatability and a very low limit of detection (1μg/L). The method was applied to 30 healthy subjects, the mean value of the total Cu (994.8μg/L) is included in the normal range for healthy people and the values of free Cu (23.6μg/L) corresponding to 2.37% of the Cu total. The determination of free Cu by this simple and cheap method may be useful to measure the most bioavailable Cu fraction possibly implicated in neuro-degenerative and oxidative-stress related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Catalani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Section of Public Health and Human Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Matteo Paganelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Section of Public Health and Human Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Enrica Gilberti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Section of Public Health and Human Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca Rozzini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Lanfranchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Padovani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Pietro Apostoli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Section of Public Health and Human Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Abstract
Iron overload and enhanced hydroxyl radical (•OH) formation have been implicated as the causative factors of oxidative stress in different organs. Both pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant properties have been reported for nitric oxide (NO) in iron-mediated tissue injury. To determine the contribution of NO to iron-induced renal injury, eight groups of rats (eight in each group) were studied as follows: control (normal saline), L-Arg (L-arginine as a substrate of NO synthase, 400 mg/kg), L-NAME (an inhibitor of NO synthase, 8 mg/kg), Fe (iron dextran, 600 mg/kg), DFO (deferroxamine as a chelator of iron, 150 mg/kg), Fe+L-Arg, Fe+L-NAME, DFO+L-Arg. Twenty-four hours after the injections, blood samples were taken and kidneys removed for biochemical analysis. Plasma creatinine and urea were used to stimulate renal function. Renal tissue and plasma vitamin E levels, the most important endogenous fat soluble antioxidant, were measured by HPLC and UV detection. In this study, renal function was markedly reduced in the Fe group compared to controls (creatinine, 1.02± 0.05 mg/dL versus 0.78±0.04 P <0.05; urea, 49.59±1.69 mg/dL versus 40.75±0.86, P <0.01). Vitamin E levels were significantly lower in the Fe group compared to controls (plasma P <0.01; renal tissue P <0.05). Administration of L-Arg to Fe-treated groups prevented these reductions. L-NAME increased iron-induced toxicity significantly, demonstrated by further reduction in the vitamin E levels and renal function compared to the Fe group alone. We concluded that NO plays an important role in protecting the kidney from iron-induced nephrotoxicity. NO synthase blockade enhances iron-mediated renal toxicity in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kadkhodaee
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Iran.
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D'Ambrosi N, Rossi L. Copper at synapse: Release, binding and modulation of neurotransmission. Neurochem Int 2015; 90:36-45. [PMID: 26187063 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, a piece of the research studying copper role in biological systems was devoted to unravelling a still elusive, but extremely intriguing, aspect that is the involvement of copper in synaptic function. These studies were prompted to provide a rationale to the finding that copper is released in the synaptic cleft upon depolarization. The copper pump ATP7A, which mutations are responsible for diseases with a prominent neurodegenerative component, seems to play a pivotal role in the release of copper at synapses. Furthermore, it was found that, when in the synaptic cleft, copper can control, directly or indirectly, the activity of the neurotransmitter receptors (NMDA, AMPA, GABA, P2X receptors), thus affecting excitability. In turn, neurotransmission can affect copper trafficking and delivery in neuronal cells. Furthermore, it was reported that copper can also modulate synaptic vesicles trafficking and the interaction between proteins of the secretory pathways. Interestingly, proteins with a still unclear role in neuronal system though associated with the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (the amyloid precursor protein, APP, the prion protein, PrP, α-synuclein, α-syn) show copper-binding domains. They may act as copper buffer at synapses and participate in the interplay between copper and the neurotransmitters receptors. Given that copper dysmetabolism occurs in several diseases affecting central and peripheral nervous system, the findings on the contribution of copper in synaptic transmission, beside its more consolidate role as a neuronal enzymes cofactor, may open new insights for therapy interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia D'Ambrosi
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Rossi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
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15
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Copper: toxicological relevance and mechanisms. Arch Toxicol 2014; 88:1929-38. [PMID: 25199685 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-014-1355-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 415] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) is a vital mineral essential for many biological processes. The vast majority of all Cu in healthy humans is associated with enzyme prosthetic groups or bound to proteins. Cu homeostasis is tightly regulated through a complex system of Cu transporters and chaperone proteins. Excess or toxicity of Cu, which is associated with the pathogenesis of hepatic disorder, neurodegenerative changes and other disease conditions, can occur when Cu homeostasis is disrupted. The capacity to initiate oxidative damage is most commonly attributed to Cu-induced cellular toxicity. Recently, altered cellular events, including lipid metabolism, gene expression, alpha-synuclein aggregation, activation of acidic sphingomyelinase and release of ceramide, and temporal and spatial distribution of Cu in hepatocytes, as well as Cu-protein interaction in the nerve system, have been suggested to play a role in Cu toxicity. However, whether these changes are independent of, or secondary to, an altered cellular redox state of Cu remain to be elucidated.
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Romero A, Ramos E, de Los Ríos C, Egea J, Del Pino J, Reiter RJ. A review of metal-catalyzed molecular damage: protection by melatonin. J Pineal Res 2014; 56:343-70. [PMID: 24628077 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Metal exposure is associated with several toxic effects; herein, we review the toxicity mechanisms of cadmium, mercury, arsenic, lead, aluminum, chromium, iron, copper, nickel, cobalt, vanadium, and molybdenum as these processes relate to free radical generation. Free radicals can be generated in cells due to a wide variety of exogenous and endogenous processes, causing modifications in DNA bases, enhancing lipid peroxidation, and altering calcium and sulfhydryl homeostasis. Melatonin, an ubiquitous and pleiotropic molecule, exerts efficient protection against oxidative stress and ameliorates oxidative/nitrosative damage by a variety of mechanisms. Also, melatonin has a chelating property which may contribute in reducing metal-induced toxicity as we postulate here. The aim of this review was to highlight the protective role of melatonin in counteracting metal-induced free radical generation. Understanding the physicochemical insights of melatonin related to the free radical scavenging activity and the stimulation of antioxidative enzymes is of critical importance for the development of novel therapeutic strategies against the toxic action of these metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Romero
- Departamento de Toxicología y Farmacología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Hirowatari Y, Yoshida H, Kurosawa H, Manita D, Tada N. Automated measurement method for the determination of vitamin E in plasma lipoprotein classes. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4086. [PMID: 24522390 PMCID: PMC3923214 DOI: 10.1038/srep04086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In a subendothelial space of atherosclerotic arteries, apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins are accumulated and oxidized, and the oxidized lipoproteins promote macrophage foam cell formation. Therefore, the analysis of vitamin E, a major antioxidant in lipoproteins, is important for understanding atherosclerotic pathogenesis. A new method for the automated measurement of vitamin-E (γ- and α-tocopherols) in plasma HDL, LDL, and VLDL was established by using anion-exchange-chromatography for separation of lipoproteins, reverse-phase-chromatography for separation of γ- and α-tocopherols in each of lipoproteins, and fluorescent detection. The within-day assay and between-day assay coefficients of variation for lipoprotein tocopherol levels were 4.73–12.84% and 7.00–14.73%, respectively. The γ- and α-tocopherol/cholesterol ratios of VLDL were higher in healthy plasma than in plasma of untreated patients with dyslipidemia, but the ratios of LDL and HDL were not different. This new estimated method can provide the reliable data of lipoprotein vitamin-E and would be useful for the clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hiroshi Yoshida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideo Kurosawa
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Inzai General Hospital, Chiba Japan
| | | | - Norio Tada
- Clinical Medicine Research Institute, Jikei University Kashiwa Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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18
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Evaluation of iron, zinc, and copper levels in pterygium tissue. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2012; 56:219-23. [PMID: 22350381 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-012-0118-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the concentration of the trace elements iron, copper, and zinc in pterygium tissue and healthy conjunctiva tissue and to investigate the involvement of these elements in pterygium etiopathogenesis. METHODS Twenty patients with pterygium were enrolled in the study. The pterygium was excised and a conjunctival rotational flap or autograft inserted. Normal conjunctiva tissue was obtained from the flap or graft. The concentrations of iron, zinc, and copper in the pterygium and conjunctiva tissues were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry after microwave digestion. RESULTS Iron, zinc, and copper levels were significantly higher in the pterygium tissue than in the normal conjunctiva (P < 0.001). The mean iron, zinc, and copper concentrations in the pterygium tissue were 819, 214, and 3.40 μg/g, whereas the mean concentrations of these elements in the control tissue were 491, 148, and 2.19 μg/g, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Pterygium is a fibrovascular proliferative disorder and elevated levels of trace elements in pterygium tissue may play a pathogenic role via oxidative damage.
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Maes M, Ruckoanich P, Chang YS, Mahanonda N, Berk M. Multiple aberrations in shared inflammatory and oxidative & nitrosative stress (IO&NS) pathways explain the co-association of depression and cardiovascular disorder (CVD), and the increased risk for CVD and due mortality in depressed patients. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2011; 35:769-83. [PMID: 20561554 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Revised: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence that there is a bidirectional relationship between major depression and cardiovascular disorder (CVD): depressed patients are a population at risk for increased cardiac morbidity and mortality, and depression is more frequent in patients who suffer from CVD. There is also evidence that inflammatory and oxidative and nitrosative stress (IO&NS) pathways underpin the common pathophysiology of both CVD and major depression. Activation of these pathways may increase risk for both disorders and contribute to shared risk. The shared IO&NS pathways that may contribute to CVD and depression comprise the following: increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, like interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interferon-γ; T cell activation; increased acute phase proteins, like C-reactive protein, haptoglobin, fibrinogen and α1-antitrypsin; complement factors; increased LPS load through bacterial translocation and subsequent gut-derived inflammation; induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase with increased levels of tryptophan catabolites; decreased levels of antioxidants, like coenzyme Q10, zinc, vitamin E, glutathione and glutathione peroxidase; increased O&NS characterized by oxidative damage to low density lipoprotein (LDL) and phospholipid inositol, increased malondialdehyde, and damage to DNA and mitochondria; increased nitrosative stress; and decreased ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). The complex interplay between the abovementioned IO&NS pathways in depression results in pro-atherogenic effects and should be regarded as a risk factor to future clinical CVD and due mortality. We suggest that major depression should be added as a risk factor to the Charlson "comorbidity" index. It is advised that patients with (sub)chronic or recurrent major depression should routinely be assessed by serology tests to predict if they have an increased risk to cardiovascular disorders.
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Jomova K, Valko M. Advances in metal-induced oxidative stress and human disease. Toxicology 2011; 283:65-87. [PMID: 21414382 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2159] [Impact Index Per Article: 166.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Detailed studies in the past two decades have shown that redox active metals like iron (Fe), copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co) and other metals undergo redox cycling reactions and possess the ability to produce reactive radicals such as superoxide anion radical and nitric oxide in biological systems. Disruption of metal ion homeostasis may lead to oxidative stress, a state where increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) overwhelms body antioxidant protection and subsequently induces DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, protein modification and other effects, all symptomatic for numerous diseases, involving cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, atherosclerosis, neurological disorders (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease), chronic inflammation and others. The underlying mechanism of action for all these metals involves formation of the superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical (mainly via Fenton reaction) and other ROS, finally producing mutagenic and carcinogenic malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) and other exocyclic DNA adducts. On the other hand, the redox inactive metals, such as cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As) and lead (Pb) show their toxic effects via bonding to sulphydryl groups of proteins and depletion of glutathione. Interestingly, for arsenic an alternative mechanism of action based on the formation of hydrogen peroxide under physiological conditions has been proposed. A special position among metals is occupied by the redox inert metal zinc (Zn). Zn is an essential component of numerous proteins involved in the defense against oxidative stress. It has been shown, that depletion of Zn may enhance DNA damage via impairments of DNA repair mechanisms. In addition, Zn has an impact on the immune system and possesses neuroprotective properties. The mechanism of metal-induced formation of free radicals is tightly influenced by the action of cellular antioxidants. Many low-molecular weight antioxidants (ascorbic acid (vitamin C), alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), glutathione (GSH), carotenoids, flavonoids, and other antioxidants) are capable of chelating metal ions reducing thus their catalytic activity to form ROS. A novel therapeutic approach to suppress oxidative stress is based on the development of dual function antioxidants comprising not only chelating, but also scavenging components. Parodoxically, two major antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase contain as an integral part of their active sites metal ions to battle against toxic effects of metal-induced free radicals. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of redox and non-redox metal-induced formation of free radicals and the role of oxidative stress in toxic action of metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Jomova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine The Philosopher University, SK-949 74 Nitra, Slovakia.
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21
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Gupta S, Sodhi S, Mahajan V. Correlation of antioxidants with lipid peroxidation and lipid profile in patients suffering from coronary artery disease. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2009; 13:889-94. [DOI: 10.1517/14728220903099668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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22
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Cavalca V, Veglia F, Squellerio I, Marenzi G, Minardi F, De Metrio M, Cighetti G, Boccotti L, Ravagnani P, Tremoli E. Glutathione, vitamin E and oxidative stress in coronary artery disease: relevance of age and gender. Eur J Clin Invest 2009; 39:267-72. [PMID: 19292881 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2009.02094.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies suggest that low levels of antioxidants are associated with high risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). We investigated whether the biomarkers of oxidative balance undergo the same modifications in all CAD patient groups, regardless of gender and age. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred sixty-eight CAD patients and 107 healthy controls were assayed for plasma levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), alpha- and gamma-tocopherol (alpha- and gamma-T) as endogenous antioxidants. A damage score (DS), representative of oxidative stress status, was calculated. ANCOVA models were used to test the association between antioxidants, DS and CAD and its modulation by age and gender. RESULTS The DS was higher in CAD than in controls. GSH levels, were lower in CAD patients (mean +/- SEM: 57.61 +/- 1.87 micromol 10 g(-1) haemoglobin vs. 68.55 +/- 2.23 in controls, P < 0.0006) in males and in older subjects. Levels of other antioxidants exhibited a complex pattern. Overall, no difference was found in alpha- and gamma-T contents between CAD and controls, but lower alpha-T values were observed in CAD females. A significant interaction between CAD status and gender was observed (P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that the involvement of antioxidants in CAD is related to patients' characteristics. These findings may be relevant in planning antioxidant therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cavalca
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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Abstract
CVD is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the Western world. In recent years its importance has expanded internationally and it is believed that by 2020 it will be the biggest cause of mortality in the world, emphasising the importance to prevent or minimise this increase. A beneficial role for vitamins in CVD has long been explored but the data are still inconsistent. While being supported by observational studies, randomised controlled trials have not yet supported a role for vitamins in primary or secondary prevention of CVD and have in some cases even indicated increased mortality in those with pre-existing late-stage atherosclerosis. The superiority of combination therapy over single supplementation has been suggested but this has not been confirmed in trials. Studies have indicated that beta-carotene mediates pro-oxidant effects and it has been suggested that its negative effects may diminish the beneficial effects mediated by the other vitamins in the supplementation cocktail. The trials that used a combination of vitamins that include beta-carotene have been disappointing. However, vitamin E and vitamin C have in combination shown long-term anti-atherogenic effects but their combined effect on clinical endpoints has been inconsistent. Studies also suggest that vitamins would be beneficial to individuals who are antioxidant-deficient or exposed to increased levels of oxidative stress, for example, smokers, diabetics and elderly patients, emphasising the importance of subgroup targeting. Through defining the right population group and the optimal vitamin combination we could potentially find a future role for vitamins in CVD.
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Delimaris I, Georgopoulos S, Kroupis C, Zachari A, Liberi M, Bastounis E, Dionyssiou-Asteriou A. Serum oxidizability, total antioxidant status and albumin serum levels in patients with aneurysmal or arterial occlusive disease. Clin Biochem 2008; 41:706-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2008.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Revised: 12/23/2007] [Accepted: 02/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kadkhodaee M, Hemmati M, Zahmatkesh M, Ghaznavi R, Mirershadi F, Mahdavi-Mazde M, Seifi B. Assessment of plasma antioxidant status in hemodialysis patients. Ther Apher Dial 2008; 12:147-51. [PMID: 18387164 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-9987.2008.00561.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The risk of atherosclerosis and cancer is high in patients on hemodialysis. A breakdown in the natural balance between the activity of the body's antioxidant system and the production of oxidizing agents is suggested to be involved. To investigate the oxidative stress status in Iranian hemodialytic patients, in this study we evaluated plasma vitamin E, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) levels in these patients. Twenty-four hemodialytic patients and 24 control subjects (age and sex matched) were included in this study. Each patient was under dialysis, three times per week, four hours in each session. Before and after dialysis, blood was taken for biochemical measurements as well as oxidative stress tests. There was a significant decrease in FRAP and GSH levels after dialysis comparing to before treatment levels. MDA was increased by dialysis and vitamin E levels were less in dialytic patients, both before and after treatment, compared to controls. This study indicates that there is a significant level of oxidative stress in chronic renal patients and this stress is augmented by dialysis. Antioxidant therapy could be considered in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Kadkhodaee
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Chang CJ, Hsieh RH, Wang HF, Chin MY, Huang SY. Effects of glucose and alpha-tocopherol on low-density lipoprotein oxidation and glycation. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1042:294-302. [PMID: 15965075 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1338.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Glycation of blood proteins is considered to be a major contributor to hyperglycemic complications in diabetes mellitus patients. In this study, we demonstrate the efficacy of alpha-tocopherol in reducing low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation and glycation in vitro. Native LDL isolated from healthy subjects was exposed to various concentrations of glucose and malondialdehyde (MDA) with or without alpha-tocopherol enrichment for 7 days in sealed vacuum ampoules. The degree of glycation, copper-induced lag time, content of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and alpha-tocopherol levels in LDL were then assessed. LDL lag time was significantly reduced with high levels of glucose and MDA. Alpha-tocopherol enrichment dramatically inhibited the oxidation of LDL in the lag-time assay. However, the length of incubation time was inversely related to the LDL lag time. Longer incubation time resulted in shorter LDL lag time, with or without alpha-tocopherol enrichment. The level of TBARS associated with LDL oxidation was highest in native, MDA-supplemented, and high-glucose samples. The alpha-tocopherol levels were inversely related to glucose levels and incubation times. In conclusion, high-glucose concentrations heightened the oxidative susceptibility of LDL. Alpha-tocopherol enrichment reduced this trend and prevented LDL from undergoing architectural modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Jen Chang
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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27
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Zahmatkesh M, Kadkhodaee M, Moosavi SMS, Jorjani M, Kajbafzadeh A, Golestani A, Ghaznavi R. Beneficial effects of MnTBAP, a broad-spectrum reactive species scavenger, in rat renal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Clin Exp Nephrol 2005; 9:212-8. [PMID: 16189629 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-005-0359-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2005] [Accepted: 03/23/2005] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, several lines of evidence have implicated reactive species as contributors to renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R). This study was designed to investigate the effect of Mn (III) tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin (MnTBAP), a broad-spectrum reactive species scavenger, in the prevention of renal I/R injury. METHODS Experiments were performed on rats anesthetized with pentobarbital. After tracheotomy, the right femoral artery was cannulated and the mean arterial pressure and heart rate were recorded. A midline laparatomy was performed, and the renal arteries were carefully separated from surrounding tissues. After surgery and a stabilization period (60 min), the animals were randomly assigned to four groups: sham-operated; sham+MnTBAP; I/R; I/R+MnTBAP. In I/R groups, the rats were subjected to bilateral renal artery occlusion for 40 min followed by 6 h reperfusion. Other groups underwent the surgery protocol but did not undergo renal artery occlusion, and were maintained under anesthesia for the duration of the experiment. Rats were administered either MnTBAP (10 mg kg(-1), i.v. bolus, 15 min prior to I/R) or saline. Renal function was assessed by plasma creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) measurements. The fractional excretion of Na(+) (FE(Na+)) and urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) activities were also measured. Renal section damage was evaluated by light microscopy, and oxidative stress status was evaluated by measurements of plasma and renal vitamin E levels. RESULTS We found that MnTBAP significantly reduced the I/R-mediated increases in plasma Cr, BUN, AST, FE(Na+), and NAG and improved the renal tissue histology. CONCLUSION Our results showed that MnTBAP was effective in preventing the development of I/R-induced renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zahmatkesh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 14174, Tehran, Iran
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Kadkhodaee M, Qasemi A. Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced renal injury in the rat. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2004; 31:842-6. [PMID: 15659046 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2004.04096.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
1. Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) release and subsequent septic shock is a major cause of death in intensive care units. Lipopolysaccharide has been reported to increase the production of nitric oxide (NO) and the formation of oxygen-derived free radicals (OFR) in different organs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of an inducible form of NO synthase (iNOS) and OFR production in LPS-induced renal impairment. 2. Measurement of vitamin E as the most important fat-soluble anti-oxidant was used as a marker of tissue oxidative stress. Lipopolysaccharide (10 mg/kg), L-iminoethyl lysine (L-Nil; 3 mg/kg, i.p.; a specific inhibitor of iNOS activity) and dimethyl thiourea (DMTU; 500 mg/kg i.p.; a well-known OFR scavenger) were used. Four groups of eight rats were studied. One group received LPS, whereas a second group received LPS + L-Nil. A third group received LPS + DMTU and the fourth group, receiving saline, acted as a control group. To evaluate renal function, plasma creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were measured. High-pressure liquid chromatography and ultraviolet detection were used to measure plasma and tissue vitamin E levels. Light microscopy was used to examine histopathological changes in the four groups. 3. Lipopolysaccharide markedly decreased the vitamin E content of renal plasma and tissue (P < 0.05). Administration of L-Nil attenuated renal dysfunction and preserved vitamin E levels. However, DMTU failed to prevent renal injury, as indicated by plasma BUN levels and renal histology, despite the fact that it maintained renal vitamin E levels and increased plasma vitamin E levels. Thus, the overproduction of NO by iNOS may have a role in this model of LPS-induced renal impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kadkhodaee
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences University, Tehran 14174, Iran.
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Nieman DC, Henson DA, McAnulty SR, McAnulty LS, Morrow JD, Ahmed A, Heward CB. Vitamin E and immunity after the Kona Triathlon World Championship. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004; 36:1328-35. [PMID: 15292740 DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000135778.57355.ca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To measure the influence of vitamin E ingestion on oxidative stress and immune changes in response to the Triathlon World Championship in Kona, Hawaii. METHODS Thirty-eight triathletes received vitamin E (VitE) (800 IU x d(-1) alpha-tocopherol) or placebo (Pla) capsules in randomized, double-blind fashion for 2 months before the race event. Blood, urine, and saliva samples were collected the day before the race, 5-10 min postrace, and 1.5 h postrace. RESULTS Race times did not differ between VitE (N = 19, 721 +/- 24 min) and Pla groups (N = 17, 719 +/- 27 min, P = 0.959), and both groups maintained an intensity of approximately 80% maximum heart rate during the bike and run portions. Plasma alpha-tocopherol was approximately 75% higher in the VitE versus Pla group prerace (24.1 +/- 1.1 and 13.8 +/- 1.1 micromol x L(-1), P < 0.001, respectively) and postrace. Plasma F2-isoprostanes increased 181% versus 97% postrace in the VitE versus Pla groups (P = 0.044). IL-6 was 89% higher (166 +/- 28 and 88 +/- 13 pg x mL(-1), respectively, P = 0.016), IL-1ra was 107% higher (4848 +/- 1203 and 2341 +/- 790 pg x mL(-1), respectively, P = 0.057), and IL-8 was 41% higher postrace in the VitE versus Pla groups (26.0 +/- 3.6 and 18.4 +/- 2.4 pg x mL(-1), respectively, P = 0.094). CONCLUSION These data indicate that vitamin E (800 IU x d(-1) for 2 months) compared with placebo ingestion before a competitive triathlon race event promotes lipid peroxidation and inflammation during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Nieman
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Fischer Hamilton/Nycom Biochemistry Laboratory, Appalachian State University, Boone, NC 28608, USA.
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Azzi A, Gysin R, Kempná P, Ricciarelli R, Villacorta L, Visarius T, Zingg JM. The role of alpha-tocopherol in preventing disease: from epidemiology to molecular events. Mol Aspects Med 2004; 24:325-36. [PMID: 14585303 DOI: 10.1016/s0098-2997(03)00028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The function of vitamin E has been attributed to its capacity to protect the organism against the attack of free radicals by acting as a lipid based radical chain breaking molecule. More recently, alternative non-antioxidant functions of vitamin E have been proposed and in particular that of a "gene regulator". Effects of vitamin E have been observed at the level of mRNA or protein and could be consequent to regulation of gene transcription, mRNA stability, protein translation, protein stability and post-translational events. Given the high priority functions assigned to vitamin E, it can be speculated that it would be inefficient to consume it as a radical scavenger. Rather, it would be important to protect vitamin E through a network of cellular antioxidant defences, similarly to what occurs with proteins, nucleic acids and lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Azzi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Bern, Bühlstrasse 28, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
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