1
|
Zhang Y, Tan S, Fu J, Chen J. Elevational variation in metabolic rate, feeding capacity and their associations in the Asiatic toad Bufo gargarizans. J Therm Biol 2024; 119:103788. [PMID: 38281315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Foraging behavior is known to place demands on the metabolic characteristics of anurans. Active foragers feeding on sedentary prey typically have high aerobic capacity and low anaerobic capacity, whereas sit-and-wait foragers feeding on active and mobile prey have the opposite pattern. Thus, the energetic demands of foraging may influence their metabolic adaptations to harsh environments, such as high elevations. Anurans that engage in active foraging have been found to increase maximum metabolic rate (MMR) and aerobic scope (AS, the difference between MMR and resting metabolic rate, RMR) at high elevations. However, data are lacking in amphibian ambush foragers. In this study, we examined the RMR, MMR, AS, and feeding capacity of a sit-and-wait forager ─the Asiatic toad (Bufo gargarizans), from two populations that are in close geographic proximity but differ by 1350 m in elevation. Our results show that there is no elevational variation in RMR and feeding capacity in either males or females. However, there are sex-specific variations in MMR and AS along an elevational gradient; females from high elevations have lower MMR and smaller net AS than their counterparts from low elevations while males maintain similar MMR and net AS across elevations. Furthermore, aerobic performances do not appear to be associated with feeding capacity at either the individual or population level. Our results support the hypothesis that sit-and-wait foragers may not increase their aerobic capacity as a strategy in hypoxic and low food availability environments and the role of sex in these adaptive adjustments should not be overlooked.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuechan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Song Tan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China; College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinzhong Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China; Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Jingfeng Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.19 (A) Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Firth BL, Craig PM, Drake DAR, Power M. Seasonal, environmental and individual effects on hypoxia tolerance of eastern sand darter ( Ammocrypta pellucida). CONSERVATION PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 11:coad008. [PMID: 36926473 PMCID: PMC10012177 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic rate and hypoxia tolerance are highly variable among individual fish in a stable environment. Understanding the variability of these measures in wild fish populations is critical for assessing adaptive potential and determining local extinction risks as a result of climate-induced fluctuations in temperature and hypoxic conditions. We assessed the field metabolic rate (FMR) and two hypoxia tolerance metrics, oxygen pressure at loss of equilibrium (PO2 at LOE) and critical oxygen tolerance (Pcrit) of wild-captured eastern sand darter (Ammocrypta pellucida), a threatened species in Canada, using field trials (June to October) that encompassed ambient water temperatures and oxygen conditions typically experienced by the species. Temperature was significantly and positively related to hypoxia tolerance but not FMR. Temperature alone explained 1%, 31% and 7% of the variability observed in FMR, LOE, and Pcrit, respectively. Environmental and fish-specific factors such as reproductive season and condition explained much of the residual variation. Reproductive season significantly affected FMR by increasing it by 159-176% over the tested temperature range. Further understanding the impact of reproductive season on metabolic rate over a temperature range is crucial for understanding how climate change could impact species fitness. Among-individual variation in FMR significantly increased with temperature while among-individual variation in both hypoxia tolerance metrics did not. A large degree of variation in FMR in the summer might allow for evolutionary rescue with increasing mean and variance of global temperatures. Findings suggest that temperature may be a weak predictor in a field setting where biotic and abiotic factors can act concurrently on variables that affect physiological tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Britney L Firth
- Corresponding author: Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Paul M Craig
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - D Andrew R Drake
- Great Lakes Laboratory for Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Michael Power
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Prokkola JM, Åsheim ER, Morozov S, Bangura P, Erkinaro J, Ruokolainen A, Primmer CR, Aykanat T. Genetic coupling of life-history and aerobic performance in Atlantic salmon. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20212500. [PMID: 35078367 PMCID: PMC8790367 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.2500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the genetic and phenotypic architecture underlying life-history variation is a longstanding aim in biology. Theories suggest energy metabolism determines life-history variation by modulating resource acquisition and allocation trade-offs, but the genetic underpinnings of the relationship and its dependence on ecological conditions have rarely been demonstrated. The strong genetic determination of age-at-maturity by two unlinked genomic regions (vgll3 and six6) makes Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) an ideal model to address these questions. Using more than 250 juveniles in common garden conditions, we quantified the covariation between metabolic phenotypes-standard and maximum metabolic rates (SMR and MMR), and aerobic scope (AS)-and the life-history genomic regions, and tested if food availability modulates the relationships. We found that the early maturation genotype in vgll3 was associated with higher MMR and consequently AS. Additionally, MMR exhibited physiological epistasis; it was decreased when late maturation genotypes co-occurred in both genomic regions. Contrary to our expectation, the life-history genotypes had no effects on SMR. Furthermore, food availability had no effect on the genetic covariation, suggesting a lack of genotype-by-environment interactions. Our results provide insights on the key organismal processes that link energy use at the juvenile stage to age-at-maturity, indicating potential mechanisms by which metabolism and life-history can coevolve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenni M. Prokkola
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eirik R. Åsheim
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sergey Morozov
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paul Bangura
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Annukka Ruokolainen
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Craig R. Primmer
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tutku Aykanat
- Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Archer LC, Hutton SA, Harman L, Russell Poole W, Gargan P, McGinnity P, Reed TE. Associations between metabolic traits and growth rate in brown trout ( Salmo trutta) depend on thermal regime. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20211509. [PMID: 34521251 PMCID: PMC8441116 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2021.1509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism defines the energetic cost of life, yet we still know relatively little about why intraspecific variation in metabolic rate arises and persists. Spatio-temporal variation in selection potentially maintains differences, but relationships between metabolic traits (standard metabolic rate (SMR), maximum metabolic rate (MMR), and aerobic scope) and fitness across contexts are unresolved. We show that associations between SMR, MMR, and growth rate (a key fitness-related trait) vary depending on the thermal regime (a potential selective agent) in offspring of wild-sampled brown trout from two populations reared for approximately 15 months in either a cool or warm (+1.8°C) regime. SMR was positively related to growth in the cool, but negatively related in the warm regime. The opposite patterns were found for MMR and growth associations (positive in warm, negative in the cool regime). Mean SMR, but not MMR, was lower in warm regimes within both populations (i.e. basal metabolic costs were reduced at higher temperatures), consistent with an adaptive acclimation response that optimizes growth. Metabolic phenotypes thus exhibited a thermally sensitive metabolic 'floor' and a less flexible metabolic 'ceiling'. Our findings suggest a role for growth-related fluctuating selection in shaping patterns of metabolic variation that is likely important in adapting to climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Louise C. Archer
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Stephen A. Hutton
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork, Ireland
| | - Luke Harman
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Patrick Gargan
- Inland Fisheries Ireland, 3044 Lake Drive, Citywest Business Campus, Dublin D24 Y265, Ireland
| | - Philip McGinnity
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland
- Marine Institute, Furnace, Newport, Co. Mayo, Ireland
| | - Thomas E. Reed
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland
- Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Lee Road, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wynne R, Archer LC, Hutton SA, Harman L, Gargan P, Moran PA, Dillane E, Coughlan J, Cross TF, McGinnity P, Colgan TJ, Reed TE. Alternative migratory tactics in brown trout ( Salmo trutta) are underpinned by divergent regulation of metabolic but not neurological genes. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:8347-8362. [PMID: 34188891 PMCID: PMC8216917 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of alternative morphs within populations is common, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Many animals, for example, exhibit facultative migration, where two or more alternative migratory tactics (AMTs) coexist within populations. In certain salmonid species, some individuals remain in natal rivers all their lives, while others (in particular, females) migrate to sea for a period of marine growth. Here, we performed transcriptional profiling ("RNA-seq") of the brain and liver of male and female brown trout to understand the genes and processes that differentiate between migratory and residency morphs (AMT-associated genes) and how they may differ in expression between the sexes. We found tissue-specific differences with a greater number of genes expressed differentially in the liver (n = 867 genes) compared with the brain (n = 10) between the morphs. Genes with increased expression in resident livers were enriched for Gene Ontology terms associated with metabolic processes, highlighting key molecular-genetic pathways underlying the energetic requirements associated with divergent migratory tactics. In contrast, smolt-biased genes were enriched for biological processes such as response to cytokines, suggestive of possible immune function differences between smolts and residents. Finally, we identified evidence of sex-biased gene expression for AMT-associated genes in the liver (n = 12) but not the brain. Collectively, our results provide insights into tissue-specific gene expression underlying the production of alternative life histories within and between the sexes, and point toward a key role for metabolic processes in the liver in mediating divergent physiological trajectories of migrants versus residents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Wynne
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Environmental Research InstituteUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Louise C. Archer
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Environmental Research InstituteUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Stephen A. Hutton
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Environmental Research InstituteUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Luke Harman
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Environmental Research InstituteUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | | | - Peter A. Moran
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Environmental Research InstituteUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Present address:
Department of Ecological Science – Animal EcologyVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Eileen Dillane
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Environmental Research InstituteUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Jamie Coughlan
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Environmental Research InstituteUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Thomas F. Cross
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Environmental Research InstituteUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Philip McGinnity
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Environmental Research InstituteUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Marine InstituteNewportIreland
| | - Thomas J. Colgan
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Environmental Research InstituteUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Present address:
Institute of Organismic and Molecular EvolutionJohannes Gutenberg University MainzMainzGermany
| | - Thomas E. Reed
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental SciencesUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Environmental Research InstituteUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| |
Collapse
|