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Dhalla NS, Mota KO, Elimban V, Shah AK, de Vasconcelos CML, Bhullar SK. Role of Vasoactive Hormone-Induced Signal Transduction in Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure. Cells 2024; 13:856. [PMID: 38786079 PMCID: PMC11119949 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is the common concluding pathway for a majority of cardiovascular diseases and is associated with cardiac dysfunction. Since heart failure is invariably preceded by adaptive or maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy, several biochemical mechanisms have been proposed to explain the development of cardiac hypertrophy and progression to heart failure. One of these includes the activation of different neuroendocrine systems for elevating the circulating levels of different vasoactive hormones such as catecholamines, angiotensin II, vasopressin, serotonin and endothelins. All these hormones are released in the circulation and stimulate different signal transduction systems by acting on their respective receptors on the cell membrane to promote protein synthesis in cardiomyocytes and induce cardiac hypertrophy. The elevated levels of these vasoactive hormones induce hemodynamic overload, increase ventricular wall tension, increase protein synthesis and the occurrence of cardiac remodeling. In addition, there occurs an increase in proinflammatory cytokines and collagen synthesis for the induction of myocardial fibrosis and the transition of adaptive to maladaptive hypertrophy. The prolonged exposure of the hypertrophied heart to these vasoactive hormones has been reported to result in the oxidation of catecholamines and serotonin via monoamine oxidase as well as the activation of NADPH oxidase via angiotensin II and endothelins to promote oxidative stress. The development of oxidative stress produces subcellular defects, Ca2+-handling abnormalities, mitochondrial Ca2+-overload and cardiac dysfunction by activating different proteases and depressing cardiac gene expression, in addition to destabilizing the extracellular matrix upon activating some metalloproteinases. These observations support the view that elevated levels of various vasoactive hormones, by producing hemodynamic overload and activating their respective receptor-mediated signal transduction mechanisms, induce cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, the occurrence of oxidative stress due to the prolonged exposure of the hypertrophied heart to these hormones plays a critical role in the progression of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naranjan S. Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (V.E.); (S.K.B.)
| | - Karina O. Mota
- Department of Physiology, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristóvao 49100-000, Brazil; (K.O.M.); (C.M.L.d.V.)
| | - Vijayan Elimban
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (V.E.); (S.K.B.)
| | - Anureet K. Shah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032-8162, USA;
| | - Carla M. L. de Vasconcelos
- Department of Physiology, Center of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristóvao 49100-000, Brazil; (K.O.M.); (C.M.L.d.V.)
| | - Sukhwinder K. Bhullar
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada; (V.E.); (S.K.B.)
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Petruzziello C, Saviano A, Manetti LL, Macerola N, Ojetti V. The Role of Gut Microbiota and the Potential Effects of Probiotics in Heart Failure. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:271. [PMID: 38399558 PMCID: PMC10890346 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) remains a significant global health challenge, affecting millions of individuals worldwide and posing a substantial burden on healthcare systems. HF is a syndrome of intricate pathophysiology, involving systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, metabolic perturbations, and maladaptive structural changes in the heart. It is influenced by complex interactions between cardiac function, systemic physiology, and environmental factors. Among these factors, the gut microbiota has emerged as a novel and intriguing player in the landscape of HF pathophysiology. The gut microbiota, beyond its role in digestion and nutrient absorption, impacts immune responses, metabolic processes, and, as suggested by evidence in the literature, the development and progression of HF. There is a bidirectional communication between the gut and the heart, often known as the gut-heart axis, through which gut microbiota-derived metabolites, immune signals, and microbial products exert profound effects on cardiovascular health. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the intricate relationship between the gut microbiota and HF. Additionally, we explore the potential of using probiotics as a therapeutic strategy to modulate the gut microbiota's composition and attenuate the adverse effects observed in HF. Conventional therapeutic approaches targeting hemodynamic and neurohormonal dysregulation have substantially improved the management of HF, but emerging research is exploring the potential implications of harnessing the gut microbiota for innovative approaches in HF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Petruzziello
- Emergency Department, Ospedale San Carlo di Nancy—GVM Care & Research, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Angela Saviano
- Emergency Department, Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luca Luigi Manetti
- Emergency Department, Ospedale San Carlo di Nancy—GVM Care & Research, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.P.); (L.L.M.)
| | - Noemi Macerola
- Internal Medicine, Ospedale San Carlo di Nancy—GVM Care & Research, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Veronica Ojetti
- Internal Medicine, Ospedale San Carlo di Nancy—GVM Care & Research, 00165 Rome, Italy;
- Deaprtment of Internal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Ravingerova T, Adameova A, Lonek L, Farkasova V, Ferko M, Andelova N, Kura B, Slezak J, Galatou E, Lazou A, Zohdi V, Dhalla NS. Is Intrinsic Cardioprotection a Laboratory Phenomenon or a Clinically Relevant Tool to Salvage the Failing Heart? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16497. [PMID: 38003687 PMCID: PMC10671596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, especially ischemic heart disease, as a leading cause of heart failure (HF) and mortality, will not reduce over the coming decades despite the progress in pharmacotherapy, interventional cardiology, and surgery. Although patients surviving acute myocardial infarction live longer, alteration of heart function will later lead to HF. Its rising incidence represents a danger, especially among the elderly, with data showing more unfavorable results among females than among males. Experiments revealed an infarct-sparing effect of ischemic "preconditioning" (IPC) as the most robust form of innate cardioprotection based on the heart's adaptation to moderate stress, increasing its resistance to severe insults. However, translation to clinical practice is limited by technical requirements and limited time. Novel forms of adaptive interventions, such as "remote" IPC, have already been applied in patients, albeit with different effectiveness. Cardiac ischemic tolerance can also be increased by other noninvasive approaches, such as adaptation to hypoxia- or exercise-induced preconditioning. Although their molecular mechanisms are not yet fully understood, some noninvasive modalities appear to be promising novel strategies for fighting HF through targeting its numerous mechanisms. In this review, we will discuss the molecular mechanisms of heart injury and repair, as well as interventions that have potential to be used in the treatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Ravingerova
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 9 Dubravska cesta, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.A.); (L.L.); (V.F.); (M.F.); (N.A.); (B.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Adriana Adameova
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 9 Dubravska cesta, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.A.); (L.L.); (V.F.); (M.F.); (N.A.); (B.K.); (J.S.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, 10 Odbojárov St., 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Lubomir Lonek
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 9 Dubravska cesta, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.A.); (L.L.); (V.F.); (M.F.); (N.A.); (B.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Veronika Farkasova
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 9 Dubravska cesta, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.A.); (L.L.); (V.F.); (M.F.); (N.A.); (B.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Miroslav Ferko
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 9 Dubravska cesta, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.A.); (L.L.); (V.F.); (M.F.); (N.A.); (B.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Natalia Andelova
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 9 Dubravska cesta, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.A.); (L.L.); (V.F.); (M.F.); (N.A.); (B.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Branislav Kura
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 9 Dubravska cesta, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.A.); (L.L.); (V.F.); (M.F.); (N.A.); (B.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Jan Slezak
- Institute for Heart Research, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 9 Dubravska cesta, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia; (A.A.); (L.L.); (V.F.); (M.F.); (N.A.); (B.K.); (J.S.)
| | - Eleftheria Galatou
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.G.); (A.L.)
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, 2417 Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Antigone Lazou
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece; (E.G.); (A.L.)
| | - Vladislava Zohdi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, 24 Špitalska, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 19 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Naranjan S. Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada;
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Li C, Zhou Y, Niu Y, He W, Wang X, Zhang X, Wu Y, Zhang W, Zhao L, Zheng H, Song W, Gao H. Deficiency of Pdk1 drives heart failure by impairing taurine homeostasis through Slc6a6. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23134. [PMID: 37561545 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300272r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
3-Phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (Pdk1) as a serine/threonine protein kinase plays a critical role in multiple signaling pathways. Analysis of the gene expression omnibus database showed that Pdk1 was significantly downregulated in patients with heart diseases. Gene set enrichment analysis of the proteomics dataset identified apoptotic- and metabolism-related signaling pathways directly targeted by Pdk1. Previously, our research indicated that Pdk1 deletion-induced metabolic changes might be involved in the pathogenesis of heart failure; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that deficiency of Pdk1 resulted in apoptosis, oxidative damage, and disturbed metabolism, both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, profiling of metabonomics by 1 H-NMR demonstrated that taurine was the major differential metabolite in the heart of Pdk1-knockout mice. Taurine treatment significantly reduced the reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis, improved cardiac function, and prolonged the survival time in Pdk1 deficient mice. Proteomic screening identified solute carrier family 6 member 6 (Slc6a6) as the downstream that altered taurine levels in Pdk1-expression cells. Consistently, cellular apoptosis and oxidative damage were rescued by Slc6a6 in abnormal Pdk1 expression cells. These findings collectively suggest that Pdk1 deficiency induces heart failure via disturbances in taurine homeostasis, triggered by Slc6a6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Encephalopathy Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yan Niu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenting He
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yali Wu
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Liangcai Zhao
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weihong Song
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hongchang Gao
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Encephalopathy Research of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou, China
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Hedayati N, Yaghoobi A, Salami M, Gholinezhad Y, Aghadavood F, Eshraghi R, Aarabi MH, Homayoonfal M, Asemi Z, Mirzaei H, Hajijafari M, Mafi A, Rezaee M. Impact of polyphenols on heart failure and cardiac hypertrophy: clinical effects and molecular mechanisms. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1174816. [PMID: 37293283 PMCID: PMC10244790 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1174816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are abundant in regular diets and possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective effects. Regarding the inadequacy of the current treatments in preventing cardiac remodeling following cardiovascular diseases, attention has been focused on improving cardiac function with potential alternatives such as polyphenols. The following online databases were searched for relevant orginial published from 2000 to 2023: EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Web of Science databases. The search strategy aimed to assess the effects of polyphenols on heart failure and keywords were "heart failure" and "polyphenols" and "cardiac hypertrophy" and "molecular mechanisms". Our results indicated polyphenols are repeatedly indicated to regulate various heart failure-related vital molecules and signaling pathways, such as inactivating fibrotic and hypertrophic factors, preventing mitochondrial dysfunction and free radical production, the underlying causes of apoptosis, and also improving lipid profile and cellular metabolism. In the current study, we aimed to review the most recent literature and investigations on the underlying mechanism of actions of different polyphenols subclasses in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure to provide deep insight into novel mechanistic treatments and direct future studies in this context. Moreover, due to polyphenols' low bioavailability from conventional oral and intravenous administration routes, in this study, we have also investigated the currently accessible nano-drug delivery methods to optimize the treatment outcomes by providing sufficient drug delivery, targeted therapy, and less off-target effects, as desired by precision medicine standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Hedayati
- School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Yaghoobi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Salami
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Yasaman Gholinezhad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnaz Aghadavood
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Reza Eshraghi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Hossein Aarabi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mina Homayoonfal
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hajijafari
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Mafi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Malihe Rezaee
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Tappia PS, Ramjiawan B, Dhalla NS. Role of Phospholipase C in Catecholamine-induced Increase in Myocardial Protein Synthesis. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 100:945-955. [PMID: 35767883 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2022-0189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The activation of the α1-adrenoceptor-(α1-AR) by norepinephrine results in the G-protein (Gqα) mediated increase in the phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC) activity. The byproducts of PLC hydrolytic activity, namely, 1,2-diacylglycerol and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate, are important downstream signal transducers for increased protein synthesis in the cardiomyocyte and the subsequent hypertrophic response. In this article, evidence is outlined to demonstrate the role of cardiomyocyte PLC isozymes in the catecholamine-induced increase in protein synthesis by using a blocker of α1-AR and an inhibitor of PLC. The discussion will be focused on the α1-AR-Gqα-PLC-mediated hypertrophic signaling pathway from the viewpoint that it may compliment the other β1-AR-Gs protein-adenylyl cyclase signal transduction mechanisms in the early stages of cardiac hypertrophy development, but may become more relevant at the late stage of cardiac hypertrophy. From the information provided here, it is suggested that some specific PLC isozymes may potentially serve as important targets for the attenuation of cardiac hypertrophy in the vulnerable patient population at-risk for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramjit S Tappia
- Asper Clinical Research Institute, St. Boniface Hospital, Office of Clinical Research, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada;
| | - Bram Ramjiawan
- University of Manitoba, Faculty of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada;
| | - Naranjan S Dhalla
- St Boniface Hospital Research, 120927, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Albrechtsen Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada;
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Dhalla NS, Bhullar SK, Shah AK. Future scope and challenges for congestive heart failure: Moving towards development of pharmacotherapy. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2022; 100:834-847. [PMID: 35704943 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2022-0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure is invariably associated with cardiac hypertrophy and impaired cardiac performance. Although several drugs have been developed to delay the progression of heart failure, none of the existing interventions have shown beneficial effects in reducing morbidity and mortality. In order to determine specific targets for future drug development, we have discussed different mechanisms involving both cardiomyocytes and non-myocyte (extracellular matrix) alterations for the transition of cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure as well as for the progression of heart failure. We have emphasized the role of oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, metabolic alterations and Ca2+-handling defects in adverse cardiac remodeling and heart dysfunction in hypertrophied myocardium. Alterations in the regulatory process due to several protein kinases as well as participation of mitochondrial Ca2+-overload, activation of proteases and phospholipases and changes in gene expression for subcellular remodeling have also been described for the occurrence of cardiac dysfunction. Association of cardiac arrhythmia with heart failure has been explained as a consequence of catecholamine oxidation products. Since these multifactorial defects in extracellular matrix and cardiomyocytes are evident in the failing heart, it is a challenge for experimental cardiologists to develop appropriate combination drug therapy for improving cardiac function in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naranjan S Dhalla
- University of Manitoba, 8664, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Winnipeg, Canada;
| | - Sukhwinder K Bhullar
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St.Boniface Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada;
| | - Anureet Kaur Shah
- School of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Food Science, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 900032, USA., Los Angeles, United States;
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Cardiomyocyte Proliferation from Fetal- to Adult- and from Normal- to Hypertrophy and Failing Hearts. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11060880. [PMID: 35741401 PMCID: PMC9220194 DOI: 10.3390/biology11060880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Death from injury to the heart from a variety of causes remains a major cause of mortality worldwide. The cardiomyocyte, the major contracting cell of the heart, is responsible for pumping blood to the rest of the body. During fetal development, these immature cardiomyocytes are small and rapidly divide to complete development of the heart by birth when they develop structural and functional characteristics of mature cells which prevent further division. All further growth of the heart after birth is due to an increase in the size of cardiomyocytes, hypertrophy. Following the loss of functional cardiomyocytes due to coronary artery occlusion or other causes, the heart is unable to replace the lost cells. One of the significant research goals has been to induce adult cardiomyocytes to reactivate the cell cycle and repair cardiac injury. This review explores the developmental, structural, and functional changes of the growing cardiomyocyte, and particularly the sarcomere, responsible for force generation, from the early fetal period of reproductive cell growth through the neonatal period and on to adulthood, as well as during pathological response to different forms of myocardial diseases or injury. Multiple issues relative to cardiomyocyte cell-cycle regulation in normal or diseased conditions are discussed. Abstract The cardiomyocyte undergoes dramatic changes in structure, metabolism, and function from the early fetal stage of hyperplastic cell growth, through birth and the conversion to hypertrophic cell growth, continuing to the adult stage and responding to various forms of stress on the myocardium, often leading to myocardial failure. The fetal cell with incompletely formed sarcomeres and other cellular and extracellular components is actively undergoing mitosis, organelle dispersion, and formation of daughter cells. In the first few days of neonatal life, the heart is able to repair fully from injury, but not after conversion to hypertrophic growth. Structural and metabolic changes occur following conversion to hypertrophic growth which forms a barrier to further cardiomyocyte division, though interstitial components continue dividing to keep pace with cardiac growth. Both intra- and extracellular structural changes occur in the stressed myocardium which together with hemodynamic alterations lead to metabolic and functional alterations of myocardial failure. This review probes some of the questions regarding conditions that regulate normal and pathologic growth of the heart.
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Nusier M, Shah AK, Dhalla NS. Structure-Function Relationships and Modifications of Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-Transport. Physiol Res 2022; 70:S443-S470. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is a specialized tubular network, which not only maintains the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ at a low level but is also known to release and accumulate Ca2+ for the occurrence of cardiac contraction and relaxation, respectively. This subcellular organelle is composed of several phospholipids and different Ca2+-cycling, Ca2+-binding and regulatory proteins, which work in a coordinated manner to determine its function in cardiomyocytes. Some of the major proteins in the cardiac SR membrane include Ca2+-pump ATPase (SERCA2), Ca2+-release protein (ryanodine receptor), calsequestrin (Ca2+-binding protein) and phospholamban (regulatory protein). The phosphorylation of SR Ca2+-cycling proteins by protein kinase A or Ca2+-calmodulin kinase (directly or indirectly) has been demonstrated to augment SR Ca2+-release and Ca2+-uptake activities and promote cardiac contraction and relaxation functions. The activation of phospholipases and proteases as well as changes in different gene expressions under different pathological conditions have been shown to alter the SR composition and produce Ca2+-handling abnormalities in cardiomyocytes for the development of cardiac dysfunction. The post-translational modifications of SR Ca2+ cycling proteins by processes such as oxidation, nitrosylation, glycosylation, lipidation, acetylation, sumoylation, and O GlcNacylation have also been reported to affect the SR Ca2+ release and uptake activities as well as cardiac contractile activity. The SR function in the heart is also influenced in association with changes in cardiac performance by several hormones including thyroid hormones and adiponectin as well as by exercise-training. On the basis of such observations, it is suggested that both Ca2+-cycling and regulatory proteins in the SR membranes are intimately involved in determining the status of cardiac function and are thus excellent targets for drug development for the treatment of heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - NS Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen, Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6 Canada.
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10
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Bhullar S, Shah A, Dhalla N. Mechanisms for the development of heart failure and improvement of cardiac function by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. SCRIPTA MEDICA 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed53-36256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, which prevent the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, are well-known for the treatments of cardiovascular diseases, such as heart failure, hypertension and acute coronary syndrome. Several of these inhibitors including captopril, enalapril, ramipril, zofenopril and imidapril attenuate vasoconstriction, cardiac hypertrophy and adverse cardiac remodeling, improve clinical outcomes in patients with cardiac dysfunction and decrease mortality. Extensive experimental and clinical research over the past 35 years has revealed that the beneficial effects of ACE inhibitors in heart failure are associated with full or partial prevention of adverse cardiac remodeling. Since cardiac function is mainly determined by coordinated activities of different subcellular organelles, including sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and myofibrils, for regulating the intracellular concentration of Ca2+ and myocardial metabolism, there is ample evidence to suggest that adverse cardiac remodelling and cardiac dysfunction in the failing heart are the consequence of subcellular defects. In fact, the improvement of cardiac function by different ACE inhibitors has been demonstrated to be related to the attenuation of abnormalities in subcellular organelles for Ca2+-handling, metabolic alterations, signal transduction defects and gene expression changes in failing cardiomyocytes. Various ACE inhibitors have also been shown to delay the progression of heart failure by reducing the formation of angiotensin II, the development of oxidative stress, the level of inflammatory cytokines and the occurrence of subcellular defects. These observations support the view that ACE inhibitors improve cardiac function in the failing heart by multiple mechanisms including the reduction of oxidative stress, myocardial inflammation and Ca2+-handling abnormalities in cardiomyocytes.
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Tappia P, Elimban V, Dhalla N. Involvement of phospholipase C in the norepinephrine-induced hypertrophic response in Cardiomyocytes. SCRIPTA MEDICA 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/scriptamed53-36527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Norepinephrine (NE) is known to mediate cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through the G protein coupled a1 -adrenoceptor (a1 -AR) and the activation of the phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC). Since the by-products of PLC activity are important downstream signal transducers for cardiac hypertrophy, the role of and the regulatory mechanisms involved in the activation of PLC isozymes in cardiac hypertrophy are highlighted in this review. The discussion is focused to underscore PLC in different experimental models of cardiac hypertrophy, as well as in isolated adult and neonatal cardiomyocytes treated with NE. Particular emphasis is laid concerning the a1 -AR-PLC-mediated hypertrophic signalling pathway. From the information provided, it is evident that the specific activation of PLC isozymes is a primary signalling event in the a1 -AR mediated response to NE as well as initiation and progression of cardiac hypertrophy. Furthermore, the possibility of PLC involvement in the perpetuation of cardiac hypertrophy is also described. It is suggested that specific PLC isozymes may serve as viable targets for the prevention of cardiac hypertrophy in patient population at-risk for the development of heart failure.
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Bhullar SK, Shah AK, Dhalla NS. Role of angiotensin II in the development of subcellular remodeling
in heart failure. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2021.00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of heart failure under various pathological conditions such as myocardial infarction (MI), hypertension and diabetes are accompanied by adverse cardiac remodeling and cardiac dysfunction. Since heart function is mainly determined by coordinated activities of different subcellular organelles including sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and myofibrils for regulating the intracellular concentration of Ca2+, it has been suggested that the occurrence of heart failure is a consequence of subcellular remodeling, metabolic alterations and Ca2+-handling abnormalities in cardiomyocytes. Because of the elevated plasma levels of angiotensin II (ANG II) due to activation of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in heart failure, we have evaluated the effectiveness of treatments with angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and ANG II type 1 receptor (AT1R) antagonists in different experimental models of heart failure. Attenuation of marked alterations in subcellular activities, protein content and gene expression were associated with improvement in cardiac function in MI-induced heart failure by treatment with enalapril (an ACE inhibitor) or losartan (an AT1R antagonist). Similar beneficial effects of ANG II blockade on subcellular remodeling and cardiac performance were also observed in failing hearts due to pressure overload, volume overload or chronic diabetes. Treatments with enalapril and losartan were seen to reduce the degree of RAS activation as well as the level of oxidative stress in failing hearts. These observations provide evidence which further substantiate to support the view that activation of RAS and high level of plasma ANG II play a critical role in inducing subcellular defects and cardiac dys-function during the progression of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukhwinder K. Bhullar
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Anureet K. Shah
- School of Kinesiology, Nutrition and Food Science, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032, USA
| | - Naranjan S. Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R2H 2A6, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3E 3P5, Canada
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Oxidative Stress as A Mechanism for Functional Alterations in Cardiac Hypertrophy and Heart Failure. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10060931. [PMID: 34201261 PMCID: PMC8228897 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Although heart failure due to a wide variety of pathological stimuli including myocardial infarction, pressure overload and volume overload is associated with cardiac hypertrophy, the exact reasons for the transition of cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure are not well defined. Since circulating levels of several vasoactive hormones including catecholamines, angiotensin II, and endothelins are elevated under pathological conditions, it has been suggested that these vasoactive hormones may be involved in the development of both cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. At initial stages of pathological stimuli, these hormones induce an increase in ventricular wall tension by acting through their respective receptor-mediated signal transduction systems and result in the development of cardiac hypertrophy. Some oxyradicals formed at initial stages are also involved in the redox-dependent activation of the hypertrophic process but these are rapidly removed by increased content of antioxidants in hypertrophied heart. In fact, cardiac hypertrophy is considered to be an adaptive process as it exhibits either normal or augmented cardiac function for maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis. However, exposure of a hypertrophied heart to elevated levels of circulating hormones due to pathological stimuli over a prolonged period results in cardiac dysfunction and development of heart failure involving a complex set of mechanisms. It has been demonstrated that different cardiovascular abnormalities such as functional hypoxia, metabolic derangements, uncoupling of mitochondrial electron transport, and inflammation produce oxidative stress in the hypertrophied failing hearts. In addition, oxidation of catecholamines by monoamine oxidase as well as NADPH oxidase activation by angiotensin II and endothelin promote the generation of oxidative stress during the prolonged period by these pathological stimuli. It is noteworthy that oxidative stress is known to activate metallomatrix proteases and degrade the extracellular matrix proteins for the induction of cardiac remodeling and heart dysfunction. Furthermore, oxidative stress has been shown to induce subcellular remodeling and Ca2+-handling abnormalities as well as loss of cardiomyocytes due to the development of apoptosis, necrosis, and fibrosis. These observations support the view that a low amount of oxyradical formation for a brief period may activate redox-sensitive mechanisms, which are associated with the development of cardiac hypertrophy. On the other hand, high levels of oxyradicals over a prolonged period may induce oxidative stress and cause Ca2+-handling defects as well as protease activation and thus play a critical role in the development of adverse cardiac remodeling and cardiac dysfunction as well as progression of heart failure.
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Riaz S, Abdulrahman N, Uddin S, Jabeen A, Gadeau AP, Fliegel L, Mraiche F. Anti-hypertrophic effect of Na +/H + exchanger-1 inhibition is mediated by reduced cathepsin B. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 888:173420. [PMID: 32781168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have established the role of Na+/H+ exchanger isoform-1 (NHE1) and cathepsin B (Cat B) in the development of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy (CH). Both NHE1 and Cat B are activated under acidic conditions suggesting that their activities might be interrelated. The inhibition of NHE1 has been demonstrated to reduce cardiac hypertrophy but the mechanism that contributes to the anti-hypertrophic effect of NHE1 inhibition still remains unclear. H9c2 cardiomyoblasts were stimulated with Angiotensin (Ang) II in the presence and absence of N-[2-methyl-4,5-bis(methylsulphonyl)-benzoyl]-guanidine, hydrochloride (EMD, EMD 87580), an NHE1 inhibitor or CA-074Me, a Cat B inhibitor, and various cardiac hypertrophic parameters, namely cell surface area, protein content and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) mRNA were analyzed. EMD significantly suppressed markers of cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and inhibited Ang II stimulated Cat B protein and gene expression. Cat B is located within the acidic environment of lysosomes. Cat B proteases are released into the cytoplasm upon disintegration of the lysosomes. EMD or CA-074Me prevented the dispersal of the lysosomes induced by Ang II and reduced the ratio of LC3-II to LC3-I, a marker of autophagy. Moreover, Cat B protein expression and MMP-9 activity in the extracellular space were significantly attenuated in the presence of EMD or CA-074Me. Our study demonstrates a novel mechanism for attenuation of the hypertrophic phenotype by NHE1 inhibition that is mediated by a regression in Cat B. The inhibition of Cat B via EMD or CA-074Me attenuates the autosomal-lysosomal pathway and MMP-9 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Riaz
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nabeel Abdulrahman
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Shahab Uddin
- Translational Research Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ayesha Jabeen
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Fatima Mraiche
- College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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Maddah M, Mandegar MA, Dame K, Grafton F, Loewke K, Ribeiro AJS. Quantifying drug-induced structural toxicity in hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes derived from hiPSCs using a deep learning method. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2020; 105:106895. [PMID: 32629158 DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2020.106895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac and hepatic toxicity result from induced disruption of the functioning of cardiomyocytes and hepatocytes, respectively, which is tightly related to the organization of their subcellular structures. Cellular structure can be analyzed from microscopy imaging data. However, subtle or complex structural changes that are not easily perceived may be missed by conventional image-analysis techniques. Here we report the evaluation of PhenoTox, an image-based deep-learning method of quantifying drug-induced structural changes using human hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. We assessed the ability of the deep learning method to detect variations in the organization of cellular structures from images of fixed or live cells. We also evaluated the power and sensitivity of the method for detecting toxic effects of drugs by conducting a set of experiments using known toxicants and other methods of screening for cytotoxic effects. Moreover, we used PhenoTox to characterize the effects of tamoxifen and doxorubicin-which cause liver toxicity-on hepatocytes. PhenoTox revealed differences related to loss of cytochrome P450 3A4 activity, for which it showed greater sensitivity than a caspase 3/7 assay. Finally, PhenoTox detected structural toxicity in cardiomyocytes, which was correlated with contractility defects induced by doxorubicin, erlotinib, and sorafenib. Taken together, the results demonstrated that PhenoTox can capture the subtle morphological changes that are early signs of toxicity in both hepatocytes and cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Keri Dame
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Translational Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Alexandre J S Ribeiro
- Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Office of Translational Science, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
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Zhang M, Liu X, Wu J, Yu Y, Wang Y, Gu Y. Impact of Bilateral Sympathetic Stellate Ganglionectomy on TGF-β1 Signaling Pathway in Rats With Chronic Volume Overload. Front Physiol 2020; 11:375. [PMID: 32477156 PMCID: PMC7240126 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We previously reported that bilateral sympathetic stellate ganglionectomy attenuated cardiac remodeling and fibrosis in rats with chronic volume overload. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) is a polypeptide member of the transforming growth factor beta superfamily of cytokines and actively involved in many pathological processes of cardiovascular diseases. The present study explored the impact of bilateral sympathetic stellate ganglionectomy on the TGF-β1 pathway in this model. Methods and Results: Male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham (S) group, abdominal aorta-cava fistula (AV) group, and bilateral sympathetic stellate ganglionectomy after abdominal aorta-cava fistula (AD) group. Twelve weeks after the abdominal aorta-cava fistula surgery, the myocardial expressions of norepinephrine (NE) and hydroxyproline were significantly higher, while acetylcholine was downregulated in the AV group compared to the S group; the above changes were partly reversed in the AD group. The myocardial expression of TGF-β1 and activity of Smad2/3 phosphorylation were also upregulated in the AV group compared to the S group, which could be reversed by bilateral sympathetic stellate ganglionectomy. In vitro, the TGF-β1 expression in cultured myocardial fibroblasts and the proliferation of myocardial fibroblasts were significantly increased post-stimulation with NE in a dose-dependent manner, and these effects could be blunted by co-treatment with a TGF-β1 inhibitor. Conclusion: Our study results indicate that stellate ganglionectomy decreases cardiac norepinephrine release, which leads to decreased TGF-β1 release and reduced fibrosis in rats with chronic volume overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaogang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yijun Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuting Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ye Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Adameova A, Elimban V, Ganguly PK, Dhalla NS. β-1 adrenoceptors and AT1 receptors may not be involved in catecholamine-induced lethal arrhythmias. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:570-576. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
An excessive amount of catecholamines produce arrhythmias, but the exact mechanisms of this action are not fully understood. For this purpose, Sprague–Dawley rats were treated with or without atenolol, a β1-adrenoceptor blocker (20 mg/kg per day), for 15 days followed by injections of epinephrine for cumulative doses of 4 to 128 μg/kg. Another group of animals were pretreated with losartan, an angiotensin receptor (AT1) blocker (20 mg/kg per day), for comparison. Control animals received saline. Varying degrees of ventricular arrhythmias were seen upon increasing the dose of epinephrine, but the incidence and duration of the rhythm abnormalities as well as the number of episodes and severity of arrhythmias were not affected by treating the animals with atenolol or losartan. The levels of both epinephrine and norepinephrine were increased in the atenolol-treated rats but were unchanged in the losartan-treated animals after the last injection of epinephrine; the severity of arrhythmias did not correlate with the circulating catecholamine levels. These results indicate that both β1-adrenoceptors and AT1 receptors may not be involved in the pathogenesis of catecholamine-induced arrhythmias and support the view that other mechanisms, such as the oxidation products of catecholamines, may play a crucial role in the occurrence of lethal arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Adameova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University 832 32 Bratislava, Odbojarov 10, Slovakia
| | - Vijayan Elimban
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre and Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Paul K. Ganguly
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre and Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Naranjan S. Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Albrechtsen Research Centre and Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
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Blackman AO, Sobral Neto J, Lima ML, Rodrigues TMA, Gomes OM. Assessment and clinical relevance of the dynamic parameters of ventricular repolarization in patients with grade I left ventricular diastolic dysfunction 1. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 97:577-580. [PMID: 30676775 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Imbalance in ventricular repolarization parameters are related to increased risk of severe arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. There is limited research regarding markers to detect patients at risk in this early stage. We aimed to assess the influence of grade I left ventricular diastolic dysfunction on repolarization parameters in asymptomatic patients. Ambulatory patients with grade I left ventricular diastolic dysfunction were studied and compared with a control group. We assessed the QT dispersion circadian variation, heart rate variability in the time and frequency domains, and dynamics of QT using a 12-lead Holter. In the diastolic dysfunction group, 8 (30%) patients had QT dispersion > 80 ms. One (3.8%) patient presented premature ventricular complex > 10/h. The comparison between the 2 groups showed that the difference between the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals and low frequency power in both groups was statistically significant. We therefore conclude that increased parameters of ventricular repolarization and depressed heart rate variability reflect an imbalance in autonomic responses in patients with grade I left ventricular diastolic dysfunction without cardiovascular symptoms, enabling the identification of patients that are at a higher risk for cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoinette Oliveira Blackman
- a Instituto Cardiovascular São Francisco de Assis - Hospital Servcor, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,b Centro de Avaliação Cardiológica de Brasília - Centrocard, Brasília, DF, Brazil.,c Faculdade de Medicina, Uniceub, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - José Sobral Neto
- b Centro de Avaliação Cardiológica de Brasília - Centrocard, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Melchior Luiz Lima
- a Instituto Cardiovascular São Francisco de Assis - Hospital Servcor, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Otoni Moreira Gomes
- a Instituto Cardiovascular São Francisco de Assis - Hospital Servcor, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Fakoya AOJ, Otohinoyi DA, Yusuf J. Current Trends in Biomaterial Utilization for Cardiopulmonary System Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:3123961. [PMID: 29853910 PMCID: PMC5949153 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3123961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiopulmonary system is made up of the heart and the lungs, with the core function of one complementing the other. The unimpeded and optimal cycling of blood between these two systems is pivotal to the overall function of the entire human body. Although the function of the cardiopulmonary system appears uncomplicated, the tissues that make up this system are undoubtedly complex. Hence, damage to this system is undesirable as its capacity to self-regenerate is quite limited. The surge in the incidence and prevalence of cardiopulmonary diseases has reached a critical state for a top-notch response as it currently tops the mortality table. Several therapies currently being utilized can only sustain chronically ailing patients for a short period while they are awaiting a possible transplant, which is also not devoid of complications. Regenerative therapeutic techniques now appear to be a potential approach to solve this conundrum posed by these poorly self-regenerating tissues. Stem cell therapy alone appears not to be sufficient to provide the desired tissue regeneration and hence the drive for biomaterials that can support its transplantation and translation, providing not only physical support to seeded cells but also chemical and physiological cues to the cells to facilitate tissue regeneration. The cardiac and pulmonary systems, although literarily seen as just being functionally and spatially cooperative, as shown by their diverse and dissimilar adult cellular and tissue composition has been proven to share some common embryological codevelopment. However, necessitating their consideration for separate review is the immense adult architectural difference in these systems. This review also looks at details on new biological and synthetic biomaterials, tissue engineering, nanotechnology, and organ decellularization for cardiopulmonary regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joshua Yusuf
- All Saints University School of Medicine, Roseau, Dominica
- All Saints University School of Medicine, Kingstown, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
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Cao Q, Zhang J, Gao L, Zhang Y, Dai M, Bao M. Dickkopf‑3 upregulation mediates the cardioprotective effects of curcumin on chronic heart failure. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:7249-7257. [PMID: 29568962 PMCID: PMC5928680 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumin, isolated from rhizome of turmeric, has been widely studied as a potential therapeutic drug for cancer. However, protective effects of curcumin on chronic heart failure (CHF) have not been fully studied. In the present study, the effects of curcumin on CHF and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. A total of 40 rabbits were randomized into 4 groups: Control rabbits fed with placebo (Con) or curcumin (Con‑cur), CHF rabbits fed with placebo (CHF) or curcumin (CHF‑cur). CHF was induced by volume and pressure overload. The effects of curcumin on cardiac function and left ventricular (LV) structure were assessed by echocardiography and histology. The effects of curcumin on CHF molecular biomarkers were detected by dihydroethidium and immunohistochemical staining. The effects of curcumin on Dickkopf‑related protein 3 (DKK‑3), p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (p38), c‑Jun N‑terminal kinase (JNK) and apoptosis signal‑regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) were assessed by immunohistochemical staining and western blot analysis. Cardiac dysfunction and LV remodeling were successfully produced by ten weeks volume overload and eight weeks pressure overload in the CHF group. Compared with the Con group, the CHF group demonstrated higher levels of CHF molecular biomarkers, a lower level of DKK‑3 expression and alterations of p38, JNK and ASK1 protein expression. Curcumin alleviated all those abnormalities markedly in the CHF‑cur group. In summary, curcumin may exert cardioprotective effects by up‑regulating DKK‑3, which in turn may inhibit p38 and JNK signaling pathways in an ASK1‑dependent way. The present study demonstrated that Dickkopf‑3 upregulation mediates the cardioprotective effects of curcumin on chronic heart failure for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Junxia Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Wuhan General Hospital of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, P.R. China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Yijie Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Mingyan Dai
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
| | - Mingwei Bao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, P.R. China
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Prado FP, dos Santos DO, Blefari V, Silva CA, Machado J, Kettelhut IDC, Ramos SG, Baruffi MD, Salgado HC, Prado CM. Early dystrophin loss is coincident with the transition of compensated cardiac hypertrophy to heart failure. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189469. [PMID: 29267303 PMCID: PMC5739420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension causes cardiac hypertrophy, one of the most important risk factors for heart failure (HF). Despite the importance of cardiac hypertrophy as a risk factor for the development of HF, not all hypertrophied hearts will ultimately fail. Alterations of cytoskeletal and sarcolemma-associated proteins are considered markers cardiac remodeling during HF. Dystrophin provides mechanical stability to the plasma membrane through its interactions with the actin cytoskeleton and, indirectly, to extracellular matrix proteins. This study was undertaken to evaluate dystrophin and calpain-1 in the transition from compensated cardiac hypertrophy to HF. Wistar rats were subjected to abdominal aorta constriction and killed at 30, 60 and 90 days post surgery (dps). Cardiac function and blood pressure were evaluated. The hearts were collected and Western blotting and immunofluorescence performed for dystrophin, calpain-1, alpha-fodrin and calpastatin. Statistical analyses were performed and considered significant when p<0.05. After 90 dps, 70% of the animals showed hypertrophic hearts (HH) and 30% hypertrophic+dilated hearts (HD). Systolic and diastolic functions were preserved at 30 and 60 dps, however, decreased in the HD group. Blood pressure, cardiomyocyte diameter and collagen content were increased at all time points. Dystrophin expression was lightly increased at 30 and 60 dps and HH group. HD group showed decreased expression of dystrophin and calpastatin and increased expression of calpain-1 and alpha-fodrin fragments. The first signals of dystrophin reduction were observed as early as 60 dps. In conclusion, some hearts present a distinct molecular pattern at an early stage of the disease; this pattern could provide an opportunity to identify these failure-prone hearts during the development of the cardiac disease. We showed that decreased expression of dystrophin and increased expression of calpains are coincident and could work as possible therapeutic targets to prevent heart failure as a consequence of cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda P. Prado
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniele O. dos Santos
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Valdecir Blefari
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Silva
- Department of Phisiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano Machado
- Department of Biochemistry/Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Isis do Carmo Kettelhut
- Department of Biochemistry/Immunology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Simone G. Ramos
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dias Baruffi
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Helio C. Salgado
- Department of Phisiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cibele M. Prado
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Guo Y, Cui L, Jiang S, Zhang A, Jiang S. Proteomics of acute heart failure in a rat post-myocardial infarction model. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:1946-1956. [PMID: 28656274 PMCID: PMC5561871 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to identify the mechanisms underlying the development of post-myocardial infarction (post-MI) heart failure. The left anterior descending coronary artery of rats was occluded to mimic human ischemic heart disease. Linear Trap Quadropole OrbiTrap mass spectrometry was used to profile the expressions of energy metabolism‑associated and calcium‑binding proteins in the post‑MI and control groups. Using the online Protein Analysis Through Evolutionary Relationships classification system, 78 differentially expressed proteins were identified, including 50 downregulated proteins and 28 upregulated proteins in post‑MI group when compared with the control group. The differentially expressed proteins were closely associated with energy metabolism, contractile function, calcium handling, pathological hypertrophy and cardiac remodeling. These results were further validated using western blotting. At different postoperative time points (1st and 14th day following surgery) during the progression of advanced heart failure post‑MI, dynamic alterations in differential protein expression were identified. The expression of the vitamin D protein was significantly upregulated on the 1st day post‑MI however, was then downregulated with progression of the disease on the 14th day post‑MI. These results identified various target proteins associated with the disease, which may be used as diagnostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Lianqun Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Shiliang Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Airong Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shandong Zhongqi Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Shu Jiang
- Department of Surgery, Huaiyin People's Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
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23
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Riaz S, Zeidan A, Mraiche F. Myocardial proteases and cardiac remodeling. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:3244-3250. [PMID: 28255990 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy (CH), characterized by the enlargement of cardiomyocytes, fibrosis and apoptosis, is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Despite the advances in cardiovascular research, there remains a need to further investigate the signaling pathways that mediate CH in order to identify novel therapeutic targets. One of the hallmarks of CH is the remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Multiple studies have shown an important role of cysteine proteases and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the remodeled heart. This review focuses on the role of cysteine cathepins and MMPs in cardiac remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Riaz
- College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Asad Zeidan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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24
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Moreno MU, Eiros R, Gavira JJ, Gallego C, González A, Ravassa S, López B, Beaumont J, San José G, Díez J. The Hypertensive Myocardium: From Microscopic Lesions to Clinical Complications and Outcomes. Med Clin North Am 2017; 101:43-52. [PMID: 27884234 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2016.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The chronic hemodynamic load imposed by hypertension on the left ventricle leads to lesions in the myocardium that result in structural remodeling, which provides support for alterations in cardiac function, perfusion, and electrical activity that adversely influence the clinical evolution of hypertensive heart disease. Management must include detecting, reducing, and reversing left ventricular hypertrophy, as well as the detection and repair of microscopic lesions responsible for myocardial remodeling. Reducing the burden associated with hypertensive heart disease can be targeted using personalized treatment. The noninvasive, biomarker-mediated identification of subsets of patients with hypertensive heart disease is essential to provide personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- María U Moreno
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Edificio CIMA, Av. Pío XII, 55, Pamplona 31008, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Resarch, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Rocío Eiros
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, University Clinic, University of Navarra, Av. Pío XII, 36, Pamplona 31008, Spain
| | - Juan J Gavira
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, University Clinic, University of Navarra, Av. Pío XII, 36, Pamplona 31008, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Resarch, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Catalina Gallego
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Edificio CIMA, Av. Pío XII, 55, Pamplona 31008, Spain; Programa de Cardiología Clínica, Clínica CardioVID, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Calle 78B 75-21, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Arantxa González
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Edificio CIMA, Av. Pío XII, 55, Pamplona 31008, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Resarch, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Susana Ravassa
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Edificio CIMA, Av. Pío XII, 55, Pamplona 31008, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Resarch, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Begoña López
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Edificio CIMA, Av. Pío XII, 55, Pamplona 31008, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Resarch, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Beaumont
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Edificio CIMA, Av. Pío XII, 55, Pamplona 31008, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Resarch, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gorka San José
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Edificio CIMA, Av. Pío XII, 55, Pamplona 31008, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Resarch, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Díez
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center of Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Edificio CIMA, Av. Pío XII, 55, Pamplona 31008, Spain; Department of Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, University Clinic, University of Navarra, Av. Pío XII, 36, Pamplona 31008, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Resarch, Pamplona, Spain.
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25
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Abstract
As cardiomyocytes have a limited capability for proliferation, renewal, and repair, the loss of heart cells followed by replacement with fibrous tissue is considered to result in the development of ventricular dysfunction and progression to heart failure (HF). The loss of cardiac myocytes in HF has been traditionally believed to occur mainly due to programmed apoptosis or unregulated necrosis. While extensive research work is being carried out to define the exact significance and contribution of both these cell death modalities in the development of HF, recent knowledge has indicated the existence and importance of a different form of cell death called necroptosis in the failing heart. This new cell damaging process, resembling some of the morphological features of passive necrosis as well as maladaptive autophagy, is a programmed process and is orchestrated by a complex set of proteins involving receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 and 3 (RIP1, RIP3) and mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL). Activation of the RIP1-RIP3-MLKL signaling pathway leads to disruption of cation homeostasis, plasma membrane rupture, and finally cell death. It seems likely that inhibition of any site in this pathway may prove as an effective pharmacological intervention for preventing the necroptotic cell death in the failing heart. This review is intended to describe general aspects of the signaling pathway associated with necroptosis, to describe its relationship with cardiac dysfunction in some models of cardiac injury and discuss its potential relevance in various types of HF with respect to the underlying pathologic mechanisms.
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26
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Gonzalez-Baro MR, Coleman RA. Mitochondrial acyltransferases and glycerophospholipid metabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1862:49-55. [PMID: 27377347 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the synthesis and remodeling of mitochondrial phospholipids remains incomplete. Two isoforms of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT1 and 2) and two isoforms of acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (AGPAT4 and 5) are located on the outer mitochondrial membrane, suggesting that both lysophosphatidic acid and phosphatidic acid are synthesized in situ for de novo glycerolipid biosynthesis. However, it is believed that the phosphatidic acid substrate for cardiolipin and phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis is produced at the endoplasmic reticulum whereas the phosphatidic acid synthesized in the mitochondria must be transferred to the endoplasmic reticulum before it undergoes additional steps to form the mature phospholipids that are trafficked back to the mitochondria. It is unclear whether mitochondrial phospholipids are remodeled by mitochondrial acyltransferases or whether lysophospholipids must return to the endoplasmic reticulum or to the mitochondrial associated membrane for reesterification. In this review we will focus on the few glycerolipid acyltransferases that are known to be mitochondrial. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Lipids of Mitochondria edited by Guenther Daum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Gonzalez-Baro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquımicas de La Plata, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Rosalind A Coleman
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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27
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Ravingerová T, Ledvényiová-Farkašová V, Ferko M, Barteková M, Bernátová I, Pecháňová O, Adameová A, Kolář F, Lazou A. Pleiotropic preconditioning-like cardioprotective effects of hypolipidemic drugs in acute ischemia–reperfusion in normal and hypertensive rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2015; 93:495-503. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2014-0502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Although pleiotropy, which is defined as multiple effects derived from a single gene, was recognized many years ago, and considerable progress has since been achieved in this field, it is not very clear how much this feature of a drug is clinically relevant. During the last decade, beneficial pleiotropic effects from hypolipidemic drugs (as in, effects that are different from the primary ones) have been associated with reduction of cardiovascular risk. As with statins, the agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), niacin and fibrates, have been suggested to exhibit pleiotropic activity that could significantly modify the outcome of a cardiovascular ailment. This review examines findings demonstrating the impacts of treatment with hypolipidemic drugs on cardiac response to ischemia in a setting of acute ischemia–reperfusion, in relation to PPAR activation. Specifically, it addresses the issue of susceptibility to ischemia, with particular regard to the preconditioning-like cardioprotection conferred by hypolipidemic drugs, as well as the potential molecular mechanisms behind this cardioprotection. Finally, the involvement of PPAR activation in the mechanisms of non-metabolic cardioprotective effects from hypolipidemic drugs, and their effects on normal and pathologically altered myocardium (in the hearts of hypertensive rats) is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Táňa Ravingerová
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences and Centre of Excellence of SAS NOREG, POB 104, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Veronika Ledvényiová-Farkašová
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences and Centre of Excellence of SAS NOREG, POB 104, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Miroslav Ferko
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences and Centre of Excellence of SAS NOREG, POB 104, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Monika Barteková
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences and Centre of Excellence of SAS NOREG, POB 104, Dúbravská cesta 9, 840 05 Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Iveta Bernátová
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences and Centre of Excellence of SAS NOREG, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Ol’ga Pecháňová
- Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Slovak Academy of Sciences and Centre of Excellence of SAS NOREG, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Adriana Adameová
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - František Kolář
- Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Antigone Lazou
- School of Biology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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28
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Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of myocardial dysfunction in the setting of congestive heart failure have created a new opportunity in developing nonpharmacological approaches to treatment. Gene therapy has emerged as a powerful tool in targeting the molecular mechanisms of disease by preventing the ventricular remodeling and improving bioenergetics in heart failure. Refinements in vector technology, including the creation of recombinant adeno-associated viruses, have allowed for safe and efficient gene transfer. These advancements have been coupled with evolving delivery methods that include vascular, pericardial, and direct myocardial approaches. One of the most promising targets, SERCA2a, is currently being used in clinical trials. The recent success of the Calcium Upregulation by Percutaneous Administration of Gene Therapy in Cardiac Disease phase 2 trials using adeno-associated virus 1-SERCA2a in improving outcomes highlights the importance of gene therapy as a future tool in treating congestive heart failure.
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29
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Samouillan V, Revuelta-López E, Dandurand J, Nasarre L, Badimon L, Lacabanne C, Llorente-Cortés V. Cardiomyocyte intracellular cholesteryl ester accumulation promotes tropoelastin physical alteration and degradation: Role of LRP1 and cathepsin S. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 55:209-19. [PMID: 25218173 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Dyslipemia has a direct impact on cardiac remodeling by altering extracellular matrix (ECM) components. One of the main ECM components is elastin, a proteic three-dimensional network that can be efficiently degraded by cysteine proteases or cathepsins. Dyslipemic status in insulin resistance and combined hyperlipoproteinemia diseases include raised levels of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), triglyceride (TG)-cholesteryl ester (CE)-rich lipoproteins. Enhanced VLDL concentration promotes cardiomyocyte intracellular cholesteryl ester (CE) accumulation in a LRP1-dependent manner. The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of cardiomyocyte intracellular CE accumulation on tropoelastin (TE) characteristics and to investigate the role of LRP1 and cathepsin S (CatS) on these effects. Molecular studies showed that LRP1 deficiency impaired CE selective uptake and accumulation from TG-CE-rich lipoproteins (VLDL+IDL) and CE-rich lipoproteins (aggregated LDL, agLDL). Biochemical and confocal microscopic studies showed that LRP1-mediated intracellular CE accumulation increased CatS mature protein levels and induced an altered intracellular TE globule structure. Biophysical studies evidenced that LRP1-mediated intracellular CE accumulation caused a significant drop of Tg2 glass transition temperature of cardiomyocyte secreted TE. Moreover, CatS deficiency prevented the alterations in TE intracellular globule structure and on TE glass transition temperature. These results demonstrate that LRP1-mediated cardiomyocyte intracellular CE accumulation alters the structural and physical characteristics of secreted TE through an increase in CatS mature protein levels. Therefore, the modulation of LRP1-mediated intracellular CE accumulation in cardiomyocytes could impact pathological ventricular remodeling associated with insulin-resistance and combined hyperlipoproteinemia, pathologies characterized by enhanced concentrations of TG-CE-rich lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Samouillan
- Physique des Polymères, Institut Carnot, CIRIMAT UMR 5085, Université Paul Sabatier, Bat 3R1B2, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 04, France.
| | - Elena Revuelta-López
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jany Dandurand
- Physique des Polymères, Institut Carnot, CIRIMAT UMR 5085, Université Paul Sabatier, Bat 3R1B2, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Laura Nasarre
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Colette Lacabanne
- Physique des Polymères, Institut Carnot, CIRIMAT UMR 5085, Université Paul Sabatier, Bat 3R1B2, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 04, France
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortés
- Cardiovascular Research Center, CSIC-ICCC, IIB-Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025 Barcelona, Spain.
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30
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Qu J, Young R, Page BJ, Shen X, Tata N, Li J, Duan X, Fallavollita JA, Canty JM. Reproducible ion-current-based approach for 24-plex comparison of the tissue proteomes of hibernating versus normal myocardium in swine models. J Proteome Res 2014; 13:2571-84. [PMID: 24697261 PMCID: PMC4015685 DOI: 10.1021/pr5000472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Hibernating
myocardium is an adaptive response to repetitive myocardial
ischemia that is clinically common, but the mechanism of adaptation
is poorly understood. Here we compared the proteomes of hibernating
versus normal myocardium in a porcine model with 24 biological replicates.
Using the ion-current-based proteomic strategy optimized in this study
to expand upon previous proteomic work, we identified differentially
expressed proteins in new molecular pathways of cardiovascular interest.
The methodological strategy includes efficient extraction with detergent
cocktail; precipitation/digestion procedure with high, quantitative
peptide recovery; reproducible nano-LC/MS analysis on a long, heated
column packed with small particles; and quantification based on ion-current
peak areas. Under the optimized conditions, high efficiency and reproducibility
were achieved for each step, which enabled a reliable comparison of
24 the myocardial samples. To achieve confident discovery of differentially
regulated proteins in hibernating myocardium, we used highly stringent
criteria to define “quantifiable proteins”. These included
the filtering criteria of low peptide FDR and S/N > 10 for peptide
ion currents, and each protein was quantified independently from ≥2
distinct peptides. For a broad methodological validation, the quantitative
results were compared with a parallel, well-validated 2D-DIGE analysis
of the same model. Excellent agreement between the two orthogonal
methods was observed (R = 0.74), and the ion-current-based
method quantified almost one order of magnitude more proteins. In
hibernating myocardium, 225 significantly altered proteins were discovered
with a low false-discovery rate (∼3%). These proteins are involved
in biological processes including metabolism, apoptosis, stress response,
contraction, cytoskeleton, transcription, and translation. This provides
compelling evidence that hibernating myocardium adapts to chronic
ischemia. The major metabolic mechanisms include a down-regulation
of mitochondrial respiration and an increase in glycolysis. Meanwhile,
cardioprotective and cytoskeletal proteins are increased, while cardiomyocyte
contractile proteins are reduced. These intrinsic adaptations to regional
ischemia maintain long-term cardiomyocyte viability at the expense
of contractile function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Qu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, ‡Department of Biochemistry, §Department of Medicine, ∥Department of Physiology and Biophysics, ⊥The Center for Research in Cardiovascular Medicine, and #Center for Excellence in Bioinformatics and Life Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
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31
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Abstract
Although the management of chronic heart failure (CHF) has made enormous progress over the past decades, CHF is still a tremendous medical and societal burden. Metabolic remodeling might play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of CHF. The characteristics and mechanisms of metabolic remodeling remained unclear, and the main hypothesis might include the changes in the availability of metabolic substrate and the decline of metabolic capability. In the early phases of the disease, metabolism shifts toward carbohydrate utilization from fatty acids (FAs) oxidation. Along with the progress of the disease, the increasing level of the hyperadrenergic state and insulin resistance cause the changes that shift back to a greater FA uptake and oxidation. In addition, a growing body of experimental and clinical evidence suggests that the improvement in the metabolic capability is likely to be more significant than the selection of the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China
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32
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Babick A, Chapman D, Zieroth S, Elimban V, Dhalla NS. Reversal of subcellular remodelling by losartan in heart failure due to myocardial infarction. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 16:2958-67. [PMID: 22947202 PMCID: PMC4393724 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2012.01623.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
This study tested the reversal of subcellular remodelling in heart failure due to myocardial infarction (MI) upon treatment with losartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist. Twelve weeks after inducing MI, rats were treated with or without losartan (20 mg/kg; daily) for 8 weeks and assessed for cardiac function, cardiac remodelling, subcellular alterations and plasma catecholamines. Cardiac hypertrophy and lung congestion in 20 weeks MI-induced heart failure were associated with increases in plasma catecholamine levels. Haemodynamic examination revealed depressed cardiac function, whereas echocardiographic analysis showed impaired cardiac performance and marked increases in left ventricle wall thickness and chamber dilatation at 20 weeks of inducing MI. These changes in cardiac function, cardiac remodelling and plasma dopamine levels in heart failure were partially or fully reversed by losartan. Sarcoplasmic reticular (SR) Ca2+-pump activity and protein expression, protein and gene expression for phospholamban, as well as myofibrillar (MF) Ca2+-stimulated ATPase activity and α-myosin heavy chain mRNA levels were depressed, whereas β-myosin heavy chain expression was increased in failing hearts; these alterations were partially reversed by losartan. Although SR Ca2+-release activity and mRNA levels for SR Ca2+-pump were decreased in failing heart, these changes were not reversed upon losartan treatment; no changes in mRNA levels for SR Ca2+-release channels were observed in untreated or treated heart failure. These results suggest that the partial improvement of cardiac performance in heart failure due to MI by losartan treatment is associated with partial reversal of cardiac remodelling as well as partial recovery of SR and MF functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Babick
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Research, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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33
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Greco AA, Gomez G. Differential effects of hypoxic and hyperoxic stress-induced hypertrophy in cultured chick fetal cardiac myocytes. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2013; 50:129-38. [PMID: 23990386 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9684-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The adult heart responds to contraction demands by hypertrophy, or enlargement, of cardiac myocytes. Adaptive hypertrophy can occur in response to hyperoxic conditions such as exercise, while pathological factors that result in hypoxia ultimately result in heart failure. The difference in the outcomes produced by pathologically versus physiologically induced hypertrophy suggests that the cellular signaling pathways or conditions of myocytes may be different at the cellular level. The structural and functional changes in myocytes resulting from hyperoxia (simulated using hydrogen peroxide) and hypoxia (using oxygen deprivation) were tested on fetal chick cardiac myocytes grown in vitro. Structural changes were measured using immunostaining for α-sarcomeric actin or MyoD, while functional changes were assessed using immunostaining for calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase (CaMKII) and by measuring intracellular calcium fluxes using live cell fluorescence imaging. Both hypoxic and hyperoxic stress resulted in an upregulation of actin and MyoD expression. Similarly, voltage-gated channels governing myocyte depolarization and the regulation of CaMK were unchanged by hyperoxic or hypoxic conditions. However, the dynamic features of calcium fluxes elicited by caffeine or epinephrine were different in cells subjected to hypoxia versus hyperoxia, suggesting that these different conditions differentially affect components of ligand-activated signaling pathways that regulate calcium. Our results suggest that changes in signaling pathways, rather than structural organization, may mediate the different outcomes associated with hyperoxia-induced versus hypoxia-induced hypertrophy, and these changes are likely initiated at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison A Greco
- Biology Department, University of Scranton, LSC 395, 204 Monroe Avenue, Scranton, PA, 18510, USA
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34
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Prévilon M, Le Gall M, Chafey P, Federeci C, Pezet M, Clary G, Broussard C, François G, Mercadier JJ, Rouet-Benzineb P. Comparative differential proteomic profiles of nonfailing and failing hearts after in vivo thoracic aortic constriction in mice overexpressing FKBP12.6. Physiol Rep 2013; 1:e00039. [PMID: 24303125 PMCID: PMC3834996 DOI: 10.1002/phy2.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pressure overload (PO) induces pathological left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) leading to congestive heart failure (HF). Overexpression of FKBP12.6 (FK506-binding protein [K]) in mice should prevent Ca2+-leak during diastole and may improve overall cardiac function. In order to decipher molecular mechanisms involved in thoracic aortic constriction (TAC)-induced cardiac remodeling and the influence of gender and genotype, we performed a proteomic analysis using two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), mass spectrometry, and bioinformatics techniques to identify alterations in characteristic biological networks. Wild-type (W) and K mice of both genders underwent TAC. Thirty days post-TAC, the altered cardiac remodeling was accompanied with systolic and diastolic dysfunction in all experimental groups. A gender difference in inflammatory protein expression (fibrinogen, α-1-antitrypsin isoforms) and in calreticulin occurred (males > females). Detoxification enzymes and cytoskeletal proteins were noticeably increased in K mice. Both non- and congestive failing mouse heart exhibited down- and upregulation of proteins related to mitochondrial function and purine metabolism, respectively. HF was characterized by a decrease in enzymes related to iron homeostasis, and altered mitochondrial protein expression related to fatty acid metabolism, glycolysis, and redox balance. Moreover, two distinct differential protein profiles characterized TAC-induced pathological LVH and congestive HF in all TAC mice. FKBP12.6 overexpression did not influence TAC-induced deleterious effects. Huntingtin was revealed as a potential mediator for HF. A broad dysregulation of signaling proteins associated with congestive HF suggested that different sets of proteins could be selected as useful biomarkers for HF progression and might predict outcome in PO-induced pathological LVH.
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35
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Ravingerová T, Čarnická S, Nemčeková M, Ledvényiová V, Adameová A, Khandelwal VK, Zálešák M, Kolář F. The impact of lifestyle-related risk factors on cardiac response to ischemia and possibilities to restore impaired ischemic tolerance. Physiol Res 2013; 61:S1-10. [PMID: 23130893 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Risk factors (RF) of cardiovascular diseases associated with modern lifestyle, such as stress, chronically increased blood pressure, hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia have a negative impact on the heart exposed to ischemia: they may facilitate its lethal injury (myocardial infarction) and occurrence of sudden death due to ventricular arrhythmias. On the other hand, some stressful stimuli related to RF including reactive oxygen species, transient episodes of ischemia (hypoxia), high glucose and other may play a dual role in the pathogenesis of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (IRI). Besides their deleterious effects, these factors may trigger adaptive processes in the heart resulting in greater resistance against IRI, which is also a characteristic feature of the female myocardium. However, sensitivity to ischemia is increasing with age in both genders. Current research indicates that comorbidity related to lifestyle may impair the cardiac response to acute ischemia not only by interference with pathophysiological mechanisms of IRI per se, but via suppression of intrinsic protective mechanisms in the heart and its ability to tolerate the ischemic challenges, although the role of RF has not been unequivocally proven. Moreover, even pathologically altered myocardium need not completely lose its adaptive potential. In addition, increased ischemic tolerance can be induced by the pleiotropic (independent of the primary) effects of some hypolipidemic and antidiabetic drugs, even in the diseased myocardium. This review addresses the issue of the impact of RF on cellular cardioprotective mechanisms and the possibilities to restore adaptive potential in subjects challenged with several RF. Reactivation of adaptive processes in the myocardium taking into consideration gender and age can contribute to optimalization of antiischemic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Ravingerová
- Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences and Centre of Excellence SAS NOREG, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Babick A, Elimban V, Zieroth S, Dhalla NS. Reversal of cardiac dysfunction and subcellular alterations by metoprolol in heart failure due to myocardial infarction. J Cell Physiol 2013; 228:2063-70. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Babick
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Research, Department of Physiology and Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg, Manitoba; Canada
| | - Vijayan Elimban
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Research, Department of Physiology and Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg, Manitoba; Canada
| | - Shelley Zieroth
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Research, Department of Physiology and Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg, Manitoba; Canada
| | - Naranjan S. Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St Boniface Hospital Research, Department of Physiology and Division of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg, Manitoba; Canada
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Dhalla NS, Rangi S, Babick AP, Zieroth S, Elimban V. Cardiac remodeling and subcellular defects in heart failure due to myocardial infarction and aging. Heart Fail Rev 2013; 17:671-81. [PMID: 21850540 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-011-9278-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although several risk factors including hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, coronary artery disease, and diabetes are known to result in heart failure, elderly subjects are more susceptible to myocardial infarction and more likely to develop heart failure. This article is intended to discuss that cardiac dysfunction in hearts failing due to myocardial infarction and aging is associated with cardiac remodeling and defects in the subcellular organelles such as sarcolemma (SL), sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), and myofibrils. Despite some differences in the pattern of heart failure due to myocardial infarction and aging with respect to their etiology and sequence of events, evidence has been presented to show that subcellular remodeling plays a critical role in the occurrence of intracellular Ca(2+)-overload and development of cardiac dysfunction in both types of failing heart. In particular, alterations in gene expression for SL and SR proteins induce Ca(2+)-handling abnormalities in cardiomyocytes, whereas those for myofibrillar proteins impair the interaction of Ca(2+) with myofibrils in hearts failing due to myocardial infarction and aging. In addition, different phosphorylation mechanisms, which regulate the activities of Ca(2+)-cycling proteins in SL and SR membranes as well as Ca(2+)-binding proteins in myofibrils, become defective in the failing heart. Accordingly, it is suggested that subcellular remodeling involving defects in Ca(2+)-handling and Ca(2+)-binding proteins as well as their regulatory mechanisms is intimately associated with cardiac remodeling and heart failure due to myocardial infarction and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naranjan S Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface General Hospital Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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Chao YM, Lai MD, Chan JYH. Redox-sensitive endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy at rostral ventrolateral medulla contribute to hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Hypertension 2013; 61:1270-80. [PMID: 23608659 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Perturbations of proper functions of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cause accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins in the cell, creating a condition known as ER stress. Prolonged ER stress has been implicated in hypertension. Oxidative stress in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), where sympathetic premotor neurons for the maintenance of vasomotor tone reside, plays a pivotal role in neurogenic hypertension. This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of ER stress in RVLM to oxidative stress-associated hypertension and delineate the underlying molecular mechanisms. The expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 kDa and the phosphorylation of protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase-translation initiation factor α, 2 major protein markers of ER stress, were augmented in RVLM and preceded the development of hypertensive phenotype in spontaneously hypertensive rats. In RVLM of spontaneously hypertensive rats, stabilizing ER stress by salubrinal promoted antihypertension, and scavenging the reactive oxygen species by tempol reduced the augmented ER stress. Furthermore, induction of oxidative stress by angiotensin II induced ER stress in RVLM, and induction of ER stress by tunicamycin in RVLM induced pressor response in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats. Autophagy, as reflected by the expression of lysosome-associated membrane protein-2 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (LC3-II), was significantly increased in RVLM of spontaneously hypertensive rats and was abrogated by salubrinal. In addition, inhibition of autophagy or silencing LC3-II gene in RVLM resulted in antihypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats. These results suggest that redox-sensitive induction of ER stress and activation of autophagy in RVLM contribute to oxidative stress-associated neurogenic hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Mei Chao
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Abstract
It is believed that cardiac remodeling due to geometric and structural changes is a major mechanism for the progression of heart failure in different pathologies including hypertension, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and myocardial infarction. Increases in the activities of proteolytic enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases, calpains, cathepsins, and caspases contribute to the process of cardiac remodeling. In addition to modifying the extracellular matrix, both matrix metalloproteinases and cathepsins have been shown to affect the activities of subcellular organelles in cardiomyocytes. The activation of calpains and caspases has been identified to induce subcellular remodeling in failing hearts. Proteolytic activities associated with different proteins including caspases, calpain, and the ubiquitin-proteasome system have been shown to be involved in cardiomyocyte apoptosis, which is an integral part of cardiac remodeling. This article discusses and compares how the activities of various proteases are involved in different cardiac abnormalities with respect to alterations in apoptotic pathways, cardiac remodeling, and cardiac dysfunction. An imbalance appears to occur between the activities of some proteases and their endogenous inhibitors in various types of hypertrophied and failing hearts, and this is likely to further accentuate subcellular remodeling and cardiac dysfunction. The importance of inhibiting the activities of both extracellular and intracellular proteases specific to distinct etiologies, in attenuating cardiac remodeling and apoptosis as well as biochemical changes of subcellular organelles, in heart failure has been emphasized. It is suggested that combination therapy to inhibit different proteases may prove useful for the treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L Müller
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Abstract
Heart failure is increasing in incidence throughout the world, especially in industrialized countries. Although the current therapeutic modalities have been successful in stabilizing the course of heart failure, morbidity and mortality remain quite high and there remains a great need for innovative breakthroughs that will offer new treatment strategies for patients with advanced forms of the disease. The past few years have witnessed a greater understanding of the molecular underpinnings of the failing heart, paving the way for novel strategies in modulating the cellular environment. As such, gene therapy has recently emerged as a powerful tool offering the promise of a new paradigm for alleviating heart failure. Current gene therapy research for heart failure is focused on exploring potential cellular targets and preclinical and clinical studies are ongoing toward the realization of this goal. Efforts also include the development of sophisticated viral vectors and vector delivery methods for efficient transduction of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razmig Garo Kratlian
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Tappia PS, Guzman C, Dunn L, Aroutiounova N. Adverse cardiac remodeling due to maternal low protein diet is associated with alterations in expression of genes regulating glucose metabolism. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2013; 23:130-135. [PMID: 21788123 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2011.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 03/10/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS We have previously shown that a maternal low protein (LP) diet during pregnancy in the rat results in adverse ventricular remodeling and contractile deficiencies of the neonatal rat heart. Since pathological cardiac hypertrophy is associated with increased expression of genes involved in glucose handling, this study was undertaken to examine if maternal LP diet alters the expression of genes encoding for some key components of glucose metabolism and uptake, and of the insulin receptor (IR) signal transduction in the heart of male offspring. METHODS AND RESULTS We determined the effect of maternal LP and normal diet (90 and 180 g/casein/kg respectively) on IR β-subunit, insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1, phosphotyrosyl protein phosphatase (PTP) 1B, GLUT4 and phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase in male rat offspring at 24 h and at 1, 4 and 8 wks post-partum. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR revealed significant age-dependent increases in the expression of IR β-subunit, IRS-1, PTP1B, GLUT4 and PI3-kinase in the LP group with concomitant increases in corresponding protein abundance at 4 wks of age. These changes were associated with increases in left ventricular (LV) internal diameters as well as increases in LV wall thickness. CONCLUSION A maternal LP diet can induce increases in the gene expression and protein levels of key components of glucose metabolism and the IR signal transduction pathway in the neonatal rat heart, which may be related to accelerated energy supply, demand and utilization for ventricular remodeling due to compromised contractile performance during early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Tappia
- I.H. Asper Clinical Research Institute, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, Canada.
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Russo SB, Baicu CF, Van Laer A, Geng T, Kasiganesan H, Zile MR, Cowart LA. Ceramide synthase 5 mediates lipid-induced autophagy and hypertrophy in cardiomyocytes. J Clin Invest 2013; 122:3919-30. [PMID: 23023704 DOI: 10.1172/jci63888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DbCM), which consists of cardiac hypertrophy and failure in the absence of traditional risk factors, is a major contributor to increased heart failure risk in type 2 diabetes patients. In rodent models of DbCM, cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction have been shown to depend upon saturated fatty acid (SFA) oversupply and de novo sphingolipid synthesis. However, it is not known whether these effects are mediated by bulk SFAs and sphingolipids or by individual lipid species. In this report, we demonstrate that a diet high in SFA induced cardiac hypertrophy, left ventricular systolic and diastolic dysfunction, and autophagy in mice. Furthermore, treatment with the SFA myristate, but not palmitate, induced hypertrophy and autophagy in adult primary cardiomyocytes. De novo sphingolipid synthesis was required for induction of all pathological features observed both in vitro and in vivo, and autophagy was required for induction of hypertrophy in vitro. Finally, we implicated a specific ceramide N-acyl chain length in this process and demonstrated a requirement for (dihydro)ceramide synthase 5 in cardiomyocyte autophagy and myristate-mediated hypertrophy. Thus, this report reveals a requirement for a specific sphingolipid metabolic route and dietary SFAs in the molecular pathogenesis of lipotoxic cardiomyopathy and hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Brice Russo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29403, USA
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Martinez E, Gérard N, Garcia MM, Mazur A, Guéant-Rodriguez RM, Comte B, Guéant JL, Brachet P. Myocardium proteome remodelling after nutritional deprivation of methyl donors. J Nutr Biochem 2013; 24:1241-50. [PMID: 23318136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Methyl donor (MD: folate, vitamin B12 and choline) deficiency causes hyperhomocysteinemia, a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. However, the mechanisms of the association between MD deficiency, hyperhomocysteinemia, and cardiomyopathy remain unclear. Therefore, we performed a proteomic analysis of myocardium of pups from rat dams fed a MD-depleted diet to understand the impact of MD deficiency on heart at the protein level. Two-dimension gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry-based analyses allowed us to identify 39 proteins with significantly altered abundance in MD-deficient myocardium. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis showed that 87% of them fitted to a single protein network associated with developmental disorder, cellular compromise and lipid metabolism. Concurrently increased protein carbonylation, the major oxidative post-translational protein modification, could contribute to the decreased abundance of many myocardial proteins after MD deficiency. To decipher the effect of MD deficiency on the abundance of specific proteins identified in vivo, we developed an in vitro model using the cardiomyoblast cell line H9c2. After a 4-day exposure to a MD-deprived (vs. complete) medium, cells were deficient of folate and vitamin B12, and released abnormal amounts of homocysteine. Western blot analyses of pup myocardium and H9c2 cells yielded similar findings for several proteins. Of specific interest is the result showing increased and decreased abundances of prohibitin and α-crystallin B, respectively, which underlines mitochondrial injury and endoplasmic reticulum stress within MD deficiency. The in vitro findings validate the MD-deficient H9c2 cells as a relevant model for studying mechanisms of the early metabolic changes occurring in cardiac cells after MD deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Martinez
- INRA-Theix, UMR1019, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH Auvergne, Université d'Auvergne Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Distefano G, Sciacca P. Molecular pathogenesis of myocardial remodeling and new potential therapeutic targets in chronic heart failure. Ital J Pediatr 2012; 38:41. [PMID: 22971785 PMCID: PMC3480957 DOI: 10.1186/1824-7288-38-41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the natural history of chronic heart failure (CHF),regardless of age and aetiology,is characterized by progressive cardiac dysfunction refractory to conventional cardiokinetic, diuretic and peripheral vasodilator therapy. Several previous studies, both in animals and humans, showed that the key pathogenetic element of CHF negative clinical evolution is constituted by myocardial remodeling. This is a complex pathologic process of ultrastructural rearrangement of the heart induced by various neuro-humoral factors released by cardiac fibrocells in response to biomechanical stress connected to chronic haemodynamic overload. Typical features of myocardial remodeling are represented by cardiomyocytes hypertrophy and apoptosis, extracellular matrix alterations, mesenchymal fibrotic and phlogistic processes and by cardiac gene expression modifications with fetal genetic program reactivation. In the last years, increasing knowledge of subtle molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in myocardial remodeling has led to the discovery of some new potential therapeutic targets capable of inducing its regression. In this paper our attention is focused on the possible use of antiapoptotic and antifibrotic agents, and on the fascinating perspectives offered by the development of myocardial gene therapy and, in particular, by myocardial regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Distefano
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Cardiology Service, University of Catania, Via S Sofia 78, Catania, 95123, Italy.
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Effects of Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) Placement on Myocardial Oxidative Stress Markers. Heart Lung Circ 2012; 21:586-97. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 04/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Müller AL, Freed D, Hryshko L, Dhalla NS. Implications of protease activation in cardiac dysfunction and development of genetic cardiomyopathy in hamsters. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:995-1004. [DOI: 10.1139/y2012-034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
It has become evident that protein degradation by proteolytic enzymes, known as proteases, is partly responsible for cardiovascular dysfunction in various types of heart disease. Both extracellular and intracellular alterations in proteolytic activities are invariably seen in heart failure associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertensive cardiomyopathy, diabetic cardiomyopathy, and ischemic cardiomyopathy. Genetic cardiomyopathy displayed in different strains of hamsters provides a useful model for studying heart failure due to either cardiac hypertrophy or cardiac dilation. Alterations in the function of several myocardial organelles such as sarcolemma, sarcoplasmic reticulum, myofibrils, mitochondria, as well as extracellular matrix have been shown to be due to subcellular remodeling as a consequence of changes in gene expression and protein content in failing hearts from cardiomyopathic hamsters. In view of the increased activities of various proteases, including calpains and matrix metalloproteinases in the hearts of genetically determined hamsters, it is proposed that the activation of different proteases may also represent an important determinant of subcellular remodeling and cardiac dysfunction associated with genetic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison L. Müller
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, and Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Darren Freed
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, and Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
- Departments of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Larry Hryshko
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, and Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
| | - Naranjan S. Dhalla
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, St. Boniface Hospital Research Centre, 351 Tache Avenue, and Departments of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R2H 2A6, Canada
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47
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Cheema Y, Zhao W, Zhao T, Khan MU, Green KD, Ahokas RA, Gerling IC, Bhattacharya SK, Weber KT. Reverse remodeling and recovery from cachexia in rats with aldosteronism. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 303:H486-95. [PMID: 22730385 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00192.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The congestive heart failure (CHF) syndrome with soft tissue wasting, or cachexia, has its pathophysiologic origins rooted in neurohormonal activation. Mechanical cardiocirculatory assistance reveals the potential for reverse remodeling and recovery from CHF, which has been attributed to device-based hemodynamic unloading whereas the influence of hormonal withdrawal remains uncertain. This study addresses the signaling pathways induced by chronic aldosteronism in normal heart and skeletal muscle at organ, cellular/subcellular, and molecular levels, together with their potential for recovery (Recov) after its withdrawal. Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were examined at 4 wk of aldosterone/salt treatment (ALDOST) and following 4-wk Recov. Compared with untreated, age-/sex-/strain-matched controls, ALDOST was accompanied by 1) a failure to gain weight, reduced muscle mass with atrophy, and a heterogeneity in cardiomyocyte size across the ventricles, including hypertrophy and atrophy at sites of microscopic scarring; 2) increased cardiomyocyte and mitochondrial free Ca(2+), coupled to oxidative stress with increased H(2)O(2) production and 8-isoprostane content, and increased opening potential of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore; 3) differentially expressed genes reflecting proinflammatory myocardial and catabolic muscle phenotypes; and 4) reversal to or toward recovery of these responses with 4-wk Recov. Aldosteronism in rats is accompanied by cachexia and leads to an adverse remodeling of the heart and skeletal muscle at organ, cellular/subcellular, and molecular levels. However, evidence presented herein implicates that these tissues retain their inherent potential for recovery after complete hormone withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Cheema
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
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48
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Cheema Y, Sherrod JN, Zhao W, Zhao T, Ahokas RA, Sun Y, Gerling IC, Bhattacharya SK, Weber KT. Mitochondriocentric pathway to cardiomyocyte necrosis in aldosteronism: cardioprotective responses to carvedilol and nebivolol. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2012; 58:80-6. [PMID: 21558884 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e31821cd83c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Foci of fibrosis, footprints of cardiomyocyte necrosis, are scattered throughout the failing myocardium and are a major component to its pathologic remodeling. Understanding pathogenic mechanisms contributing to hormone-mediated necrosis is therefore fundamental to developing cardioprotective strategies. In this context, a mitochondriocentric signal-transducer-effector pathway to necrosis is emerging. Our first objective, using cardiomyocytes and subsarcolemmal mitochondria (SSM) harvested from rats receiving a 4-week aldosterone/salt treatment (ALDOST), was to identify the major components of this pathway. Second, to validate this pathway, we used mitochondria-targeted pharmaceutical interventions as cardioprotective strategies using 4-week cotreatment with either carvedilol (Carv) or nebivolol (Nebiv). Compared with controls, we found the 4-week ALDOST to be accompanied by elevated cardiomyocyte free [Ca(2+)]i and SSM free [Ca(2+)]m; increased H(2)O(2) production and 8-isoprostane in SSM, cardiac tissue, and plasma; and enhanced opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) and myocardial scarring. Increments in the antioxidant capacity augmented by increased cytosolic free [Zn(2+)]i were overwhelmed. Cotreatment with either Carv or Nebiv attenuated [Ca(2+)]i and [Ca(2+)]m overloading, prevented oxidative stress, and reduced mPTP opening while augmenting [Zn(2+)]i and conferring cardioprotection. Thus, major components of the mitochondriocentric signal-transducer-effector pathway to cardiomyocyte necrosis seen with ALDOST include intracellular Ca overloading coupled to oxidative stress and mPTP opening. This subcellular pathway can be favorably regulated by Carv or Nebiv cotreatment to salvage cardiomyocytes and prevent fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaser Cheema
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Medicine University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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Donetskaya OP, Tulupova VA, Shuldeshova NV, Fedorova MM. Pharmacological correction of plasma redox potential and endothelial dysfunction in ischemic heart failure. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2012. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2012-1-54-58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim. To study the role of plasma redox potential reduction in the development of endothelial dysfunction (ED) among patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and to investigate the potential of its pharmacological correction. Material and methods. This randomised cohort study included 73 patients with CHF, due to coronary heart disease (CHD) and arterial hypertension. Mean age of the participants was 59,2±5,9 years. Functional Class (FC) I CHF was registered in 9 patients, FC II CHF in 21, FC III CHF in 23, and FC IV CHF in 11. After the baseline examination, all participants were randomised into two groups. The main group (MG) received standard therapy plus adenocin (2 ampoules in 70 ml 5% glucose, intravenously) for 10 days. Results. For the first time, the dynamics of redox potential and total pyridine nucleotide levels was assessed in relation to the FC of ischemic CHF. Redox potential reduction preceded the changes in the total pyridine nucleotide levels. In contrast to standard therapy, adenocin increased plasma redox potential and endothelial growth factor levels, while reducing endothelin-1 concentrations and NADPH oxidase activity. Conclusion. Combination therapy with adenocin – a unique medication of reduced NAD form, cardiac glycoside, and inosine, in contrast to standard treatment, significantly increased cellular redox potential in CHF, which could play an important role in angiogenesis stimulation and reverse endothelial remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. P. Donetskaya
- Clinical Hospital No. 1, Russian Federation President’s Administration, Moscow
| | - V. A. Tulupova
- Clinical Hospital No. 1, Russian Federation President’s Administration, Moscow
| | - N. V. Shuldeshova
- Clinical Hospital No. 1, Russian Federation President’s Administration, Moscow
| | - M. M. Fedorova
- Russian Medical Academy of Post-Diploma Education, Moscow
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Saini-Chohan HK, Mitchell RW, Vaz FM, Zelinski T, Hatch GM. Delineating the role of alterations in lipid metabolism to the pathogenesis of inherited skeletal and cardiac muscle disorders: Thematic Review Series: Genetics of Human Lipid Diseases. J Lipid Res 2011; 53:4-27. [PMID: 22065858 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r012120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As the specific composition of lipids is essential for the maintenance of membrane integrity, enzyme function, ion channels, and membrane receptors, an alteration in lipid composition or metabolism may be one of the crucial changes occurring during skeletal and cardiac myopathies. Although the inheritance (autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked traits) and underlying/defining mutations causing these myopathies are known, the contribution of lipid homeostasis in the progression of these diseases needs to be established. The purpose of this review is to present the current knowledge relating to lipid changes in inherited skeletal muscle disorders, such as Duchenne/Becker muscular dystrophy, myotonic muscular dystrophy, limb-girdle myopathic dystrophies, desminopathies, rostrocaudal muscular dystrophy, and Dunnigan-type familial lipodystrophy. The lipid modifications in familial hypertrophic and dilated cardiomyopathies, as well as Barth syndrome and several other cardiac disorders associated with abnormal lipid storage, are discussed. Information on lipid alterations occurring in these myopathies will aid in the design of improved methods of screening and therapy in children and young adults with or without a family history of genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harjot K Saini-Chohan
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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