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Srikanth M, Rasool M. Resistin - A Plausible Therapeutic Target in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis. Immunol Invest 2024; 53:115-159. [PMID: 38054436 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2023.2288836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Resistin, a cytokine hormone predominantly secreted by adipose tissue, is elevated in various metabolic disorders such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. In addition to its involvement in metabolic regulation, resistin has been implicated in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin disorder. Numerous studies have reported increased resistin levels in psoriatic skin lesions, suggesting a possible association between resistin and psoriasis. Recent studies have suggested the potential involvement of resistin in the development and progression of certain cancers. Resistin is overexpressed in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancers. This suggests that it may play a role in the development of these cancers, possibly by inducing inflammation and cell growth. The link between resistin and cancer raises the possibility of shared underlying mechanisms driving the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Chronic inflammation, one such mechanism, is a hallmark of psoriasis and cancer. Further research is needed to fully understand the relationship between resistin and psoriasis. Identifying potential therapeutic targets is crucial for effective management of psoriasis. By doing so, we may be able to develop more effective treatment options for individuals living with psoriasis and ultimately improve their quality of life. Ultimately, a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying the impact of resistin on psoriasis is essential for advancing our knowledge and finding new ways to treat and manage this challenging condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manupati Srikanth
- Immunopathology Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, India
| | - Mahaboobkhan Rasool
- Immunopathology Lab, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, India
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Rajkov B, Zdravković M, Ninić A, Brajković M, Klašnja S, Gardijan V, Memon L, Munjas J, Mihajlović M, Spasojević-Kalimanovska V, Radosavljević V, Sopić M. Upregulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells resistin gene expression in severe obstructive sleep apnea and obstructive sleep apnea with coexisting type 2 diabetes mellitus. Sleep Breath 2023; 27:2031-2039. [PMID: 36917442 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-023-02809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterised by increased systemic inflammation, and is often accompanied with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate gene expression of resistin, its receptor CAP1 and CD36 as the indicators of the inflammatory changes in PBMCs in relation to the severity of OSA, and the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in OSA. METHODS Severity of OSA was defined by the apnea/hypopnea index (AHI): AHI < 30: mild to moderate OSA (MM-OSA), AHI ≥ 30: severe OSA (S-OSA). Presence of T2DM was captured: OSA with T2DM (OSA + T2DM), OSA without T2DM (OSA-T2DM). PBMC resistin, CAP1, and CD36 mRNA were determined by real-time PCR. RESULTS Resistin mRNA was significantly upregulated in S-OSA (N = 54) compared to the MM-OSA (N = 52, P = 0.043); CAP1 and CD36 mRNA levels did not differ between the groups (P = 0.302; P = 0.166, respectively). Resistin mRNA was significantly upregulated in OSA + T2DM (N = 29) compared to the OSA-T2DM (N = 77, P = 0.029); CAP1 and CD36 mRNA levels did not differ between the groups (P = 0.662; P = 0.108, respectively). AHI and T2DM were independent predictors of resistin mRNA above the 75th percentile (OR = 3.717 [1.152-11.991]; OR = 3.261 [1.000-10.630], P = 0.042 respectively). CONCLUSION Resistin gene upregulation in S-OSA indicates its possible contribution to increased inflammation in S-OSA and makes it a possible marker of the disease severity. Resistin gene upregulation in OSA + T2DM suggests that a joint effect of these two comorbidities may have a major contribution to increased inflammation and complications that arise from this state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Branislava Rajkov
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Zdravković
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center "Bežanijska Kosa", Belgrade, Serbia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Ninić
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Milica Brajković
- Department of Pulmology, University Medical Center "Bežanijska Kosa", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Slobodan Klašnja
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center "Bežanijska Kosa", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vera Gardijan
- Department of Pulmology, University Medical Center "Bežanijska Kosa", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lidija Memon
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, University Medical Center "Bežanijska Kosa", Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Munjas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Marija Mihajlović
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | - Miron Sopić
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Belgrade, Serbia.
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Zi C, Wang D, Gao Y, He L. The role of Th17 cells in endocrine organs: Involvement of the gut, adipose tissue, liver and bone. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1104943. [PMID: 36726994 PMCID: PMC9884980 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1104943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
T Helper 17 (Th17) cells are adaptive immune cells that play myriad roles in the body. Immune-endocrine interactions are vital in endocrine organs during pathological states. Th17 cells are known to take part in multiple autoimmune diseases over the years. Current evidence has moved from minimal to substantial that Th17 cells are closely related to endocrine organs. Diverse tissue Th17 cells have been discovered within endocrine organs, including gut, adipose tissue, liver and bone, and these cells are modulated by various secretions from endocrine organs. Th17 cells in these endocrine organs are key players in the process of an array of metabolic disorders and inflammatory conditions, including obesity, insulin resistance, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), osteoporosis and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We reviewed the pathogenetic or protective functions played by Th17 cells in various endocrine tissues and identified potential regulators for plasticity of it. Furthermore, we discussed the roles of Th17 cells in crosstalk of gut-organs axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyan Zi
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Die Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongxiang Gao
- School of International Education, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Yongxiang Gao, ; Lisha He,
| | - Lisha He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Yongxiang Gao, ; Lisha He,
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Normand E, Franco A, Alos N, Parent S, Moreau A, Marcil V. Circulatory Adipokines and Incretins in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Pilot Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:1619. [PMID: 36360347 PMCID: PMC9688531 DOI: 10.3390/children9111619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a three-dimensional malformation of the spine of unknown cause that develops between 10 and 18 years old and affects 2-3% of adolescents, mostly girls. It has been reported that girls with AIS have a taller stature, lower body mass index (BMI), and bone mineral density (BMD) than their peers, but the causes remain unexplained. Energy metabolism discrepancies, including alterations in adipokine and incretin circulatory levels, could influence these parameters and contribute to disease pathophysiology. This pilot study aims to compare the anthropometry, BMD, and metabolic profile of 19 AIS girls to 19 age-matched healthy controls. Collected data include participants' fasting metabolic profile, anthropometry (measurements and DXA scan), nutritional intake, and physical activity level. AIS girls (14.8 ± 1.7 years, Cobb angle 27 ± 10°), compared to controls (14.8 ± 2.1 years), were leaner (BMI-for-age z-score ± SD: -0.59 ± 0.81 vs. 0.09 ± 1.11, p = 0.016; fat percentage: 24.4 ± 5.9 vs. 29.2 ± 7.2%, p = 0.036), had lower BMD (total body without head z-score ± SD: -0.6 ± 0.83 vs. 0.23 ± 0.98, p = 0.038; femoral neck z-score: -0.54 ± 1.20 vs. 0.59 ± 1.59, p = 0.043), but their height was similar. AIS girls had higher adiponectin levels [56 (9-287) vs. 32 (7-74) μg/mL, p = 0.005] and lower leptin/adiponectin ratio [0.042 (0.005-0.320) vs. 0.258 (0.024-1.053), p = 0.005]. AIS participants with a Cobb angle superior to 25° had higher resistin levels compared to controls [98.2 (12.8-287.2) vs. 32.1 (6.6-73.8), p = 0.0013]. This pilot study suggests that adipokines are implicated in AIS development and/or progression, but more work is needed to confirm their role in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Normand
- Research Center of the CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Anita Franco
- Research Center of the CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Viscogliosi Laboratory in Molecular Genetics and Musculoskeletal Diseases, Research Center of the CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Nathalie Alos
- Endocrine Service, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Stefan Parent
- Department of Surgery, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Alain Moreau
- Viscogliosi Laboratory in Molecular Genetics and Musculoskeletal Diseases, Research Center of the CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Department of Stomatology, Faculty of Dentistry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3A 1J4, Canada
| | - Valérie Marcil
- Research Center of the CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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A Decreased Response to Resistin in Mononuclear Leukocytes Contributes to Oxidative Stress in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:3006-3016. [PMID: 34156590 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07105-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deregulation of immune response and oxidative stress contribute to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) pathogenesis. Resistin is a physiological modulator of inflammation and redox homeostasis of different cell types. Increased resistin serum concentration and the direct association between resistin hepatic expression and NAFLD severity suggest that resistin participates in NAFLD pathogenesis. AIMS To evaluate resistin-induced regulation of redox homeostasis in mononuclear leukocytes from NAFLD patients and controls. METHODS We evaluated basal and resistin-mediated modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione content by flow cytometry, and antioxidant enzyme activities by spectrophotometry. RESULTS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from NAFLD patients showed higher ROS content and glutathione peroxidase activity and lower glutathione content, superoxide dismutase and glutathione reductase activities than control PBMC. Resistin decreased ROS levels and superoxide dismutase activity and increased glutathione reductase and catalase activities in PBMC from controls but not from patients. Resistin decreased glutathione content in PBMC from control and NAFLD patients, with greater effect on patient cells. Basal and resistin-modulated ROS levels were directly associated with obesity-related risk factors for NAFLD. Hepatic myeloid cells and T-lymphocytes from NAFLD patients showed higher basal ROS content than cells from controls. Resistin decreased ROS levels in hepatic T-lymphocytes from controls but not from patients. CONCLUSIONS Resistin regulates redox homeostasis in mononuclear leukocytes. A decreased response to resistin in leukocytes from NAFLD patients is associated with an impaired redox homeostasis.
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Li Y, Yang Q, Cai D, Guo H, Fang J, Cui H, Gou L, Deng J, Wang Z, Zuo Z. Resistin, a Novel Host Defense Peptide of Innate Immunity. Front Immunol 2021; 12:699807. [PMID: 34220862 PMCID: PMC8253364 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.699807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistin, a cysteine-rich protein, expressed in adipocytes, was initially proposed as a link between obesity and diabetes in mice. In humans, resistin is considered to be a pro-inflammatory molecule expressed in immune cells, which plays a regulatory role in many chronic inflammatory diseases, metabolic diseases, infectious diseases, and cancers. However, increasing evidence shows that resistin functions as a host defense peptide of innate immunity, in terms of its wide-spectrum anti-microbial activity, modulation of immunity, and limitation of microbial product-induced inflammation. To date, the understanding of resistin participating in host defense mechanism is still limited. The review aims to summarize current knowledge about the biological properties, functions, and related mechanisms of resistin in host defense, which provides new insights into the pleiotropic biological function of resistin and yields promising strategies for developing new antimicrobial therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanran Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiyuan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dongjie Cai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongrui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hengmin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Liping Gou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junliang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhisheng Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhicai Zuo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Song J, Deng T. The Adipocyte and Adaptive Immunity. Front Immunol 2020; 11:593058. [PMID: 33329579 PMCID: PMC7728694 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.593058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Not only do Adipocytes have energy storage and endocrine functions, but they also play an immunological role. Adipocytes are involved in adaptive immunity to mediate the pathological processes of a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases and autoimmune syndromes. The adaptive immune response consists of T cell-mediated cellular immunity and B cell-mediated humoral immunity. Obese adipocytes overexpress MHC class II molecules and costimulators to act as antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and promote the activation of CD4+ T cells. In addition, various adipokines secreted by adipocytes regulate the proliferation and differentiation of T cells. Adipokines are also involved in B cell generation, development, activation, and antibody production. Therefore, adipocytes play an important role in B cell-mediated adaptive immunity. This review describes how adipocytes participate in adaptive immunity from the perspective of T cells and B cells, and discusses their role in the pathogenesis of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Song
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tuo Deng
- National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, and Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Clinical Immunology Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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Żelechowska P, Brzezińska-Błaszczyk E, Kusowska A, Kozłowska E. The role of adipokines in the modulation of lymphoid lineage cell development and activity: An overview. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13055. [PMID: 32638520 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Adipokines are predominantly known to play a vital role in the control of food intake, energy homeostasis and regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. However, evidence supporting the concept of their extensive involvement in immune system defence mechanisms and inflammatory processes continues to grow. Some of the adipokines, that is, leptin and resistin, have been recognized to exhibit mainly pro-inflammatory properties, whereas others such as visfatin, chemerin, apelin and vaspin have been found to exert regulatory effects. In contrast, adiponectin or omentin are known for their anti-inflammatory activities. Hence, adipokines influence the activity of various cells engaged in innate immune response and inflammatory processes mainly by affecting adhesion molecule expression, chemotaxis, apoptosis and phagocytosis, as well as mediators production and release. However, much less is known about the role of adipokines in processes involving lymphoid lineage cells. This review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the importance of different adipokines in the lymphopoiesis, recirculation, differentiation and polarization of lymphoid lineage cells. It also provides insight into the influence of selected adipokines on the activity of those cells in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Żelechowska
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Brzezińska-Błaszczyk
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Elżbieta Kozłowska
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Experimental Immunology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Immune Dysfunction in Uremia 2020. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12070439. [PMID: 32635646 PMCID: PMC7404977 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12070439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease and infections are major causes for the high incidence of morbidity and mortality of patients with chronic kidney disease. Both complications are directly or indirectly associated with disturbed functions or altered apoptotic rates of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, and dendritic cells. Normal responses of immune cells can be reduced, leading to infectious diseases or pre-activated/primed, giving rise to inflammation and subsequently to cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes the impact of kidney dysfunction on the immune system. Renal failure results in disturbed renal metabolic activities with reduced renin, erythropoietin, and vitamin D production, which adversely affects the immune system. Decreased kidney function also leads to reduced glomerular filtration and the retention of uremic toxins. A large number of uremic toxins with detrimental effects on immune cells have been identified. Besides small water-soluble and protein-bound compounds originating from the intestinal microbiome, several molecules in the middle molecular range, e.g., immunoglobulin light chains, retinol-binding protein, the neuropeptides Met-enkephalin and neuropeptide Y, endothelin-1, and the adipokines leptin and resistin, adversely affect immune cells. Posttranslational modifications such as carbamoylation, advanced glycation products, and oxidative modifications contribute to uremic toxicity. Furthermore, high-density lipoprotein from uremic patients has an altered protein profile and thereby loses its anti-inflammatory properties.
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Munjas J, Sopić M, Bogavac-Stanojević N, Kravljača M, Miljković M, Simić-Ogrizović S, Spasojević-Kalimanovska V, Jelić-Ivanović Z. Serum Resistin, Adenylate Cyclase-Associated Protein 1 Gene Expression, and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease and Healthy Controls. Cardiorenal Med 2019; 10:51-60. [PMID: 31722350 DOI: 10.1159/000503416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human resistin is a proinflammatory cytokine with significant proatherogenic effects which acts through adenylyl cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1). Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients have increased cardiovascular risk and resistin levels. Previous studies indicated resistin significance as a predictor of mortality in CKD. AIMS We sought to investigate plasma resistin levels, peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) resistin mRNA, and for the first time CAP1 mRNA levels in ESRD patients and healthy controls. We also sought to investigate the relation of resistin and CAP1 to carotid intima media thickness (CIMT), CD36 gene expression, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) circulating levels in ESRD patients and healthy controls. METHODS This study included 33 patients with ESRD and 27 healthy controls. Resistin and MMP-9 levels were measured by ELISA. Resistin, CAP1, and CD36 PBMC mRNA were measured by quantitative PCR. RESULTS Our study showed that ESRD patients have significantly higher levels of circulatory resistin compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001), while there was no significant difference in resistin mRNA. A significant upregulation of CAP1 and CD36 was observed in the ESRD group (p < 0.001; p < 0.001). Resistin concentration correlated with CIMT in healthy controls (r = 0.512, p = 0.036), and with MMP-9 concentration in ESRD (r = 0.353, p = 0.044) and healthy controls (r = 0.463, p = 0.026). CAP1 correlated positively with CIMT (r = 0.464, p = 0.008) in ESRD, and with CD36 in healthy controls (r = 0.447, p = 0.022) and ESRD (r = 0.824, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The obtained data suggest that high levels of circulating resistin acting upon cells with an upregulated CAP1 gene could contribute to the increased inflammation and accelerated atherosclerosis seen in CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Munjas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miron Sopić
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia,
| | | | - Milica Kravljača
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Miljković
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | | | - Zorana Jelić-Ivanović
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Zhang DQ, Deng Y, Zhang LJ, Li LM, Qi Y, Wang J, Wang R, Zhai H, Zhao P, Yang L. Elevated resistin levels may regulate high mobility group box 1 expression in Guillain-Barré syndrome. J Neuroimmunol 2019; 330:59-66. [PMID: 30826699 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Interactions among cytokines have important roles in the inflammatory processes underlying Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS). Resistin and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) are involved in many inflammatory processes. This study examined 51 GBS patients, and found that serum resistin levels were elevated in 51 patients with GBS and correlated with HMGB1 levels. In vitro, resistin induced the release of HMGB1, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 in THP-1 macrophages. This process was dependent on activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-κB signaling pathways. These results suggest that signaling between resistin and HMGB1 might be a potential therapeutic target in GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Qi Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China; Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Lin-Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Li-Min Li
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Yuan Qi
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, Department of Pharmacy, College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Hui Zhai
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China.
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Zhou H, Liu F. Regulation, Communication, and Functional Roles of Adipose Tissue-Resident CD4 + T Cells in the Control of Metabolic Homeostasis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1961. [PMID: 30233575 PMCID: PMC6134258 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence accumulated over the past few years has documented a critical role for adipose tissue (AT)-resident immune cells in the regulation of local and systemic metabolic homeostasis. In the lean state, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is predominated by anti-inflammatory T-helper 2 (Th2) and regulatory T (Treg) cell subsets. As obesity progresses, the population of Th2 and Treg cells decreases while that of the T-helper 1 (Th1) and T-helper 17 (Th17) cells increases, leading to augmented inflammation and insulin resistance. Notably, recent studies also suggest a potential role of CD4+ T cells in the control of thermogenesis and energy homeostasis. In this review, we have summarized recent advances in understanding the characteristics and functional roles of AT CD4+ T cell subsets during obesity and energy expenditure. We have also discussed new findings on the crosstalk between CD4+ T cells and local antigen-presenting cells (APCs) including adipocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DCs) to regulate AT function and metabolic homeostasis. Finally, we have highlighted the therapeutic potential of targeting CD4+ T cells as an effective strategy for the treatment of obesity and its associated metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Zhou
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center of Central South University, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Metabolic Syndrome Research Center of Central South University, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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13
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Guzik TJ, Skiba DS, Touyz RM, Harrison DG. The role of infiltrating immune cells in dysfunctional adipose tissue. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:1009-1023. [PMID: 28838042 PMCID: PMC5852626 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 270] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction, characterized by loss of its homeostatic functions, is a hallmark of non-communicable diseases. It is characterized by chronic low-grade inflammation and is observed in obesity, metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance and diabetes. While classically it has been identified by increased cytokine or chemokine expression, such as increased MCP-1, RANTES, IL-6, interferon (IFN) gamma or TNFα, mechanistically, immune cell infiltration is a prominent feature of the dysfunctional AT. These immune cells include M1 and M2 macrophages, effector and memory T cells, IL-10 producing FoxP3+ T regulatory cells, natural killer and NKT cells and granulocytes. Immune composition varies, depending on the stage and the type of pathology. Infiltrating immune cells not only produce cytokines but also metalloproteinases, reactive oxygen species, and chemokines that participate in tissue remodelling, cell signalling, and regulation of immunity. The presence of inflammatory cells in AT affects adjacent tissues and organs. In blood vessels, perivascular AT inflammation leads to vascular remodelling, superoxide production, endothelial dysfunction with loss of nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, contributing to vascular disease, atherosclerosis, and plaque instability. Dysfunctional AT also releases adipokines such as leptin, resistin, and visfatin that promote metabolic dysfunction, alter systemic homeostasis, sympathetic outflow, glucose handling, and insulin sensitivity. Anti-inflammatory and protective adiponectin is reduced. AT may also serve as an important reservoir and possible site of activation in autoimmune-mediated and inflammatory diseases. Thus, reciprocal regulation between immune cell infiltration and AT dysfunction is a promising future therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz J Guzik
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Excellence, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.,Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominik S Skiba
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Excellence, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.,Translational Medicine Laboratory, Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University, Collegium Medicum, Krakow, Poland
| | - Rhian M Touyz
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Excellence, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - David G Harrison
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Excellence, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
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Tucureanu MM, Rebleanu D, Constantinescu CA, Deleanu M, Voicu G, Butoi E, Calin M, Manduteanu I. Lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in monocytes/macrophages is blocked by liposomal delivery of G i-protein inhibitor. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 13:63-76. [PMID: 29317816 PMCID: PMC5743190 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s150918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is widely recognized as a potent activator of monocytes/macrophages, and its effects include an altered production of key mediators, such as inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. The involvement of Gi protein in mediating LPS effects has been demonstrated in murine macrophages and various cell types of human origin. Purpose The aim of the present work was to evaluate the potential of a Gi-protein inhibitor encapsulated in liposomes in reducing the inflammatory effects induced by LPS in monocytes/macrophages. Materials and methods Guanosine 5′-O-(2-thiodiphosphate) (GOT), a guanosine diphosphate analog that completely inhibits G-protein activation by guanosine triphosphate and its analogs, was encapsulated into liposomes and tested for anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-activated THP1 monocytes or THP1-derived macrophages. The viability of monocytes/macrophages after incubation with different concentrations of free GOT or liposome-encapsulated GOT was assessed by MTT assay. MAPK activation and production of IL1β, TNFα, IL6, and MCP1 were assessed in LPS-activated monocytes/macrophages in the presence or absence of free or encapsulated GOT. In addition, the effect of free or liposome-encapsulated GOT on LPS-stimulated monocyte adhesion to activated endothelium and on monocyte chemotaxis was evaluated. Results We report here that GOT-loaded liposomes inhibited activation of MAPK and blocked the production of the cytokines IL1β, TNFα, IL6, and MCP1 induced by LPS in monocytes and macrophages. Moreover, GOT encapsulated in liposomes reduced monocyte adhesion and chemotaxis. All demonstrated events were in contrast with free GOT, which showed reduced or no effect on monocyte/macrophage activation with LPS. Conclusion This study demonstrates the potential of liposomal GOT in blocking LPS proinflammatory effects in monocytes/macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Madalina Tucureanu
- Department of Biopathology and Therapy of Inflammation, Nicolae Simionescu Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniela Rebleanu
- Department of Biopathology and Therapy of Inflammation, Nicolae Simionescu Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Ana Constantinescu
- Department of Biopathology and Therapy of Inflammation, Nicolae Simionescu Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mariana Deleanu
- Department of Lipidomics, Nicolae Simionescu Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,Faculty of Biotechnologies, University of Agronomic Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Geanina Voicu
- Department of Biopathology and Therapy of Inflammation, Nicolae Simionescu Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Butoi
- Department of Biopathology and Therapy of Inflammation, Nicolae Simionescu Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Manuela Calin
- Department of Biopathology and Therapy of Inflammation, Nicolae Simionescu Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ileana Manduteanu
- Department of Biopathology and Therapy of Inflammation, Nicolae Simionescu Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
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Munjas J, Sopić M, Spasojević-Kalimanovska V, Kalimanovska-Oštrić D, Anđelković K, Jelić-Ivanović Z. Association of adenylate cyclase-associated protein 1 with coronary artery disease. Eur J Clin Invest 2017; 47:659-666. [PMID: 28707728 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenylate cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1) is a recently identified receptor for human resistin. As resistin has been related to CAD development and progression and CAP1 has never been evaluated in CAD, the aim of this study was to determine its peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) mRNA in patients with CAD, and resistin plasma concentration, PBMCs resistin and CD36 mRNA, considering resistiǹs ability to stimulate CD36 expression in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS This case-controlled study included 27 healthy subjects (CG) and 66 patients requiring coronary angiography. Of the latter, 42 had nonsignificant CAD whereas 24 had significant CAD. Circulating resistin was measured by ELISA; PBMCs CAP1, resistin and CD36 mRNA were determined by real-time PCR. RESULTS Patients with significant as well as patients with nonsignificant CAD had significantly higher resistin concentrations compared to the CG (P < 0·001; P = 0·003). Resistin mRNA did not show significant difference between the investigated groups. CAP1 and CD36 mRNA were significantly higher in significant CAD (P < 0·001; P < 0·001, respectively) and nonsignificant CAD (P < 0·001; P < 0·001, respectively) compared to the CG; significant CAD showed significantly higher CD36 mRNA (P = 0·040) compared to the nonsignificant CAD group. Multiple linear regression analysis identified Tg and CD36 mRNA as independent predictors of CAP1 (R2 = 0·402; adjR2 = 0·376). CONCLUSION Significant up-regulation of PBMCs CAP1, CD36 mRNA and plasma resistin found in significant CAD, as well as in nonsignificant CAD compared to CG, indicates that resistin could be able to exert its effects stronger on cells with up-regulated CAP1 mRNA thus contributing atherosclerosis development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Munjas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miron Sopić
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Dimitra Kalimanovska-Oštrić
- Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia.,School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Kristina Anđelković
- Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Zorana Jelić-Ivanović
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Tucureanu MM, Butoi E, Gan AM, Stan D, Constantinescu CA, Calin M, Simionescu M, Manduteanu I. Amendment of the cytokine profile in macrophages subsequent to their interaction with smooth muscle cells: Differential modulation by fractalkine and resistin. Cytokine 2016; 83:250-261. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2016.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Robberecht H, Hermans N. Biomarkers of Metabolic Syndrome: Biochemical Background and Clinical Significance. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2016; 14:47-93. [PMID: 26808223 DOI: 10.1089/met.2015.0113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers of the metabolic syndrome are divided into four subgroups. Although dividing them in groups has some limitations, it can be used to draw some conclusions. In a first part, the dyslipidemias and markers of oxidative stress are discussed, while inflammatory markers and cardiometabolic biomarkers are reviewed in a second part. For most of them, the biochemical background and clinical significance are discussed, although here also a well-cut separation cannot always be made. Altered levels cannot always be claimed as the cause, risk, or consequence of the syndrome. Several factors are interrelated to each other and act in a concerted, antagonistic, synergistic, or modulating way. Most important conclusions are summarized at the end of every reviewed subgroup. Genetic biomarkers or influences of various food components on concentration levels are not included in this review article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harry Robberecht
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NatuRA (Natural Products and Food Research and Analysis), University of Antwerp , Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Nina Hermans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, NatuRA (Natural Products and Food Research and Analysis), University of Antwerp , Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
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18
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Zhang DQ, Wang R, Li T, Li X, Qi Y, Wang J, Yang L. Remarkably increased resistin levels in anti-AChR antibody-positive myasthenia gravis. J Neuroimmunol 2015; 283:7-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2015.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Resistin, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and human semen parameters in the presence of leukocytospermia, smoking habit, and varicocele. Fertil Steril 2014; 102:354-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Gaviria-Agudelo C, Carter K, Tareen N, Pascual V, Copley LA. Gene expression analysis of children with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: correlation with clinical severity of illness. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103523. [PMID: 25076205 PMCID: PMC4116206 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO) demonstrate a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from mild to severe. Several advances have been achieved in the study of host immune response to acute invasive Staphylococcus aureus infections through gene expression analysis. However, previous research has neither attempted to evaluate the response of children with AHO specific to Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nor to correlate gene expression with clinical phenotype. Study objective was to correlate gene expression of children with AHO due to MRSA with clinical severity of illness. Whole blood samples were obtained in Tempus tubes from 12 children with osteomyelitis once cultures obtained directly from the site of infection confirmed to be positive for MRSA. Using an Illumina platform and a systems-wide modular analysis, microarray findings from ten of these children were compared to that of nine healthy (age, ethnicity and gender) matched controls and correlated with clinical severity of illness. Children with AHO from MRSA demonstrated over-expression of innate immunity with respect to neutrophil activity, coagulation, inflammatory response, and erythrocyte development. Concurrently, these children demonstrated under-expression of adaptive immunity with respect to lymphocyte activation and activity of T-cell, cytotoxic or NK cell, and B-cell lines. Three over-expressed genes, P2RX1, SORT1, and RETN, and two under-expressed genes, LOC641788 and STAT 4, were significantly correlated with severity of illness. STAT 4 showed the strongest correlation (R2 = –0.83). STAT4 downregulation could potentially explain under-expression of genes related to adaptive immunity in this cohort of patients with AHO. This study identified specific genes which correspond to disease severity during the early hospitalization of children with AHO from MRSA. Pattern recognition of this combination of genes could help to identify in the future severe clinical phenotypes before the disease is fully manifest and direct appropriate attention and resources to those children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Gaviria-Agudelo
- Department of Pediatrics Infectious Disease, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Children’s Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Kristen Carter
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Naureen Tareen
- Children’s Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Virginia Pascual
- Baylor Institute for Immunology Research, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Lawson A. Copley
- Children’s Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Scottish Rite Hospital, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
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21
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Pirvulescu MM, Gan AM, Stan D, Simion V, Calin M, Butoi E, Manduteanu I. Subendothelial resistin enhances monocyte transmigration in a co-culture of human endothelial and smooth muscle cells by mechanisms involving fractalkine, MCP-1 and activation of TLR4 and Gi/o proteins signaling. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 50:29-37. [PMID: 24508784 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The cytokine resistin and the chemokine fractalkine (FKN) were found at increased levels in human atherosclerotic plaque, in the subendothelium, but their role in this location still needs to be characterized. Recently, high local resistin in the arterial vessel wall was shown to contribute to an enhanced accumulation of macrophages by mechanisms that need to be clarified. Our recent data showed that resistin activated smooth muscle cells (SMC) by up-regulating FKN and MCP-1 expression and monocyte chemotaxis by activating toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and Gi/o proteins. Since in the vessel wall both endothelial cells (EC) and SMC respond to cytokines and promote atherosclerosis, we questioned whether subendothelial resistin (sR) has a role in vascular cells cross-talk leading to enhanced monocyte transmigration and we investigated the mechanisms involved. To this purpose we used an in vitro system of co-cultured SMC and EC activated by sR and we analyzed monocyte transmigration. Our results indicated that: (1) sR enhanced monocyte transmigration in EC/SMC system compared to EC cultured alone; (2) sR activated TLR4 and Gi/o signaling in EC/SMC system and induced the secretion of more FKN and MCP-1 compared to EC cultured alone and used both chemokines to specifically recruit monocytes by CX3CR1 and CCR2 receptors. Moreover, FKN produced by resistin in EC/SMC system, by acting on CX3CR1 on EC/SMC specifically contributes to MCP-1 secretion in the system and to the enhanced monocyte transmigration. Our study indicates new possible targets for therapy to reduce resistin-dependent enhanced macrophage infiltration in the atherosclerotic arterial wall.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Maria Gan
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest 050568, Romania
| | - Daniela Stan
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest 050568, Romania
| | - Viorel Simion
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest 050568, Romania
| | - Manuela Calin
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest 050568, Romania
| | - Elena Butoi
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest 050568, Romania
| | - Ileana Manduteanu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology "Nicolae Simionescu", Bucharest 050568, Romania
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Abstract
Both immune and non-immune mechanisms are involved in muscle damage and dysfunction occurring in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs). Crosstalk among inflammatory cells, muscle and endothelial cells is essential in the pathogenesis of IIMs. Resistin, originally described as an adipokine linking obesity and insulin resistance in rodents, has been shown a pro-inflammatory molecule in humans. Besides its direct effect on production of several inflammatory mediators, resistin influences chemotaxis, migration, proliferation, cell survival, endothelial dysfunction and metabolism--all aspects implicated in the pathogenesis of IIMs. Up-regulation of resistin in muscle tissue and elevated serum resistin levels have been recently demonstrated in patients with IIMs. In addition, serum levels of resistin reflected global disease activity, including extramuscular organ involvement, in patients with this disease. However, there are currently not sufficient data to distinguish the features of resistin that cause injury of muscle tissue from those that promote muscle regeneration and repair. The aim of this review is therefore to summarize current knowledge about potential implication of resistin in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mária Filková
- Institute of Rheumatology and Department of Rheumatology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Na Slupi 4, 128 50, Prague 2, Czech Republic.
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Leptin, resistin and visfatin: the missing link between endocrine metabolic disorders and immunity. Eur J Med Res 2013; 18:12. [PMID: 23634778 PMCID: PMC3655867 DOI: 10.1186/2047-783x-18-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is still regarded as a principle site for lipid storage and mobilizing tissue with an important role in the control of energy homeostasis. Additionally, adipose tissue-secreted hormones such as leptin, visfatin, resistin, apelin, omentin, sex steroids, and various growth factors are now regarded as a functional part of the endocrine system. These hormones also play an important role in the immune system. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have suggested the complex role of adipocyte-derived hormones in immune system and inflammation. Adipokines mediate beneficial and detrimental effects in immunity and inflammation. Many of these adipocytokines have a physiological role in metabolism. The uncontrolled secretions of several adipocytokines were associated with the stimulation of inflammatory processes leading to metabolic disorders including obesity, atherosclerosis, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Obesity leads to the dysfunction of adipocytes andcorrelated with the imbalance of adipokines levels. In obese and diabetic conditions, leptin deficiency inhibited the Jak/Stat3/PI3K and insulin pathways. In this review, ample evidence exists to support the recognition of the adipocyte’s role in various tissues and pathologies. New integral insights may add dimensions to translate any potential agents into the future clinical armamentarium of chronic endocrine metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Functional balance of both adipocytes and immune cells is important to exert their effects on endocrine metabolic disorders; furthermore, adipose tissue should be renamed not only as a functional part of the endocrine system but also as a new part of the immune system.
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Inflammatory effects of resistin on human smooth muscle cells: up-regulation of fractalkine and its receptor, CX3CR1 expression by TLR4 and Gi-protein pathways. Cell Tissue Res 2012; 351:161-74. [PMID: 23086480 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-012-1510-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the atherosclerotic plaque, smooth muscle cells (SMC) acquire an inflammatory phenotype. Resistin and fractalkine (CX3CL1) are found in human atheroma and not in normal arteries. CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 are predominately associated with SMC. We have questioned whether resistin has a role in the expression of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 in SMC thus contributing to the pro-inflammatory status of these cells. Cultured human aortic SMC were stimulated with 100 ng/ml resistin for 4, 6, 12, and 24 h, and then CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 expression was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription with the polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. We found that resistin up-regulated CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 in SMC and induced the phosphorylation of p38MAPK and STAT3. Inhibitors of p38MAPK, JAK-STAT, NF-kB, and AP-1 significantly reduced CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 expression. Knockdown of STAT1 and STAT3 with decoy oligodeoxinucleotides and the silencing of p65 and cjun with short interfering RNA decreased CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 expression. Anti-TLR4 antibody and pertussis toxin also reduced CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 protein expression. xCELLigence experiments revealed that resistin probably uses Gi-proteins for its effect on SMC. The CX3CL1 induced by resistin exhibited a chemotactic effect on monocyte transmigration. Thus, (1) resistin contributes to the pro-inflammatory state of SMC by the up-regulation of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 expression via a mechanism involving NF-kB, AP-1, and STAT1/3 transcription factors, (2) resistin employs TLR4 and Gi-protein signaling for its effect on SMC, (3) CX3CL1 induced by resistin is functional in monocyte chemotaxis. The data reveal new mechanisms by which resistin promotes the inflammatory phenotype of SMC.
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Jarboui MA, Wynne K, Elia G, Hall WW, Gautier VW. Proteomic profiling of the human T-cell nucleolus. Mol Immunol 2011; 49:441-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Boström EA, Ekstedt M, Kechagias S, Sjöwall C, Bokarewa MI, Almer S. Resistin is associated with breach of tolerance and anti-nuclear antibodies in patients with hepatobiliary inflammation. Scand J Immunol 2011; 74:463-70. [PMID: 21671974 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2011.02592.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Resistin is a cysteine-rich protein, which is abundantly expressed at the site of inflammation, and acts as a regulator of the NF-kB-dependent cytokine cascade. The aim of this study was to evaluate resistin levels in relation to inflammatory mediators, disease phenotype and autoantibody status in a spectrum of pathological conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. Resistin levels were measured with an ELISA in sera originated from 227 patients and 40 healthy controls (HC). Fifty patients diagnosed with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), 53 ulcerative colitis (UC), 51 Crohn's disease (CD), 46 autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) and 27 primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) were included. The sera were analysed with respect to biochemical parameters of systemic inflammation and liver function and to the presence of antibodies to nuclear antigens (ANA), mitochondria (AMA) and smooth muscle (SMA). Compared with HC, resistin levels were raised in AIH (P = 0.017) and PSC (P = 0.03); compared with NAFLD, levels were elevated in CD (P = 0.041), AIH (P < 0.001) and PSC (P < 0.001). Patients with elevated levels of resistin were more often treated with corticosteroids, but no difference was found between active disease and clinical remission. Resistin levels were significantly higher in ANA-positive individuals compared with ANA-negative (P = 0.025). Resistin levels were directly correlated with IL-6 (r = 0.30, P = 0.02) and IL-8 (r = 0.51, P < 0.001). Elevated levels of resistin were prominent in patients with hepatobiliary inflammation and were associated with breach of self-tolerance, i.e. ANA positivity. Thus, we propose that resistin may be an important marker of disease severity in autoantibody-mediated gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Boström
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Boström EA, Tarkowski A, Bokarewa M. Resistin is stored in neutrophil granules being released upon challenge with inflammatory stimuli. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2009; 1793:1894-900. [PMID: 19770005 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2009.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Revised: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We have recently shown that resistin is a key mediator of arthritis accumulating in the inflamed joints and exerting its pro-inflammatory properties independently of TNFalpha. Here we evaluate neutrophils as a cellular source of resistin. Human neutrophils were subjected to subcellular fractionation where the presence of resistin was assessed using western blot, ELISA, and mass spectrometry. Presence of resistin on the neutrophil surface was visualized by flow cytometry. More than 95% of the neutrophils in circulation and in synovial fluid express resistin on their surface. Stimulation of mature neutrophils with fMLF induced release of resistin into supernatants and increased expression of resistin on the surface. Resistin is mobilized simultaneously with lactoferrin, a protein found in specific granules, and with granule-stored CR3/CD11b. Subcellular fractionation of human neutrophils demonstrated the presence of resistin in azurophilic and in specific granules. Here we show that neutrophils have two pools of resistin, the major one exists in specific granules, and the second on their cell membrane. Release of resistin from the neutrophil granules probably serves the main source of resistin at the site of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth A Boström
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Göteborg University, Guldhedsgatan 10, 41346 Göteborg, Sweden
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Abstract
Kidney dysfunction leads to disturbed renal metabolic activities and to impaired glomerular filtration, resulting in the retention of toxic solutes affecting all organs of the body. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and infections are the main causes for the increased occurrence of morbidity and mortality among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Both complications are directly or indirectly linked to a compromised immune defense. The specific coordinated roles of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNLs), monocytes/macrophages, lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in maintaining an efficient immune response are affected. Their normal response can be impaired, giving rise to infectious diseases or pre-activated/primed, leading to inflammation and consequently to CVD. Whereas the coordinated removal via apoptosis of activated immune cells is crucial for the resolution of inflammation, inappropriately high apoptotic rates lead to a diminished immune response. In uremia, the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory and between pro- and anti-apoptotic factors is disturbed. This review summarizes the interrelated parameters interfering with the immune response in uremia, with a special focus on the non-specific immune response and the role of uremic toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Cohen
- Abteilung für Nephrologie und Dialyse, Univ.-Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Wien A-1090, Austria.
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