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Chowdhury MAR, An J, Jeong S. The Pleiotropic Face of CREB Family Transcription Factors. Mol Cells 2023; 46:399-413. [PMID: 37013623 PMCID: PMC10336275 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2023.2193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
cAMP responsive element-binding protein (CREB) is one of the most intensively studied phosphorylation-dependent transcription factors that provide evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of differential gene expression in vertebrates and invertebrates. Many cellular protein kinases that function downstream of distinct cell surface receptors are responsible for the activation of CREB. Upon functional dimerization of the activated CREB to cis-acting cAMP responsive elements within the promoters of target genes, it facilitates signal-dependent gene expression. From the discovery of CREB, which is ubiquitously expressed, it has been proven to be involved in a variety of cellular processes that include cell proliferation, adaptation, survival, differentiation, and physiology, through the control of target gene expression. In this review, we highlight the essential roles of CREB proteins in the nervous system, the immune system, cancer development, hepatic physiology, and cardiovascular function and further discuss a wide range of CREB-associated diseases and molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Arifur Rahman Chowdhury
- Division of Life Sciences (Molecular Biology Major), Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Jungeun An
- Division of Life Sciences (Life Sciences Major), Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Sangyun Jeong
- Division of Life Sciences (Molecular Biology Major), Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, and Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
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Wagner N, Wagner KD. Pharmacological Utility of PPAR Modulation for Angiogenesis in Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032345. [PMID: 36768666 PMCID: PMC9916802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors, including PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ, are ligand-activated transcription factors belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily. They play important roles in glucose and lipid metabolism and are also supposed to reduce inflammation and atherosclerosis. All PPARs are involved in angiogenesis, a process critically involved in cardiovascular pathology. Synthetic specific agonists exist for all PPARs. PPARα agonists (fibrates) are used to treat dyslipidemia by decreasing triglyceride and increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. PPARγ agonists (thiazolidinediones) are used to treat Type 2 diabetes mellitus by improving insulin sensitivity. PPARα/γ (dual) agonists are supposed to treat both pathological conditions at once. In contrast, PPARβ/δ agonists are not in clinical use. Although activators of PPARs were initially considered to have favorable effects on the risk factors for cardiovascular disease, their cardiovascular safety is controversial. Here, we discuss the implications of PPARs in vascular biology regarding cardiac pathology and focus on the outcomes of clinical studies evaluating their benefits in cardiovascular diseases.
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Vital KD, Cardoso BG, Lima IP, Campos AB, Teixeira BF, Pires LO, Dias BC, de Alcantara Candido P, Cardoso VN, Fernandes SOA. Therapeutic effects and the impact of statins in the prevention of ulcerative colitis in preclinical models: A systematic review. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2022; 37:493-507. [PMID: 36514874 DOI: 10.1111/fcp.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory condition of the large intestines. Although great advances have been made in the management of the disease with the introduction of immunomodulators and biological agents, the treatment of UC is still a challenge. So far, there are no definitive therapies for this condition. Statins are potent inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis, possess beneficial effects on primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease, and have high tolerability and safety. Furthermore, they may have potential roles in UC management due to their possible anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antioxidant activities. This systematic review aimed to gather information about the potential benefits of statins for managing UC, reducing inflammation and disease remission in animal models. A systematic search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Virtual Health Library. The data were summarized in tables and critically analyzed. After the database search, 21 relevant studies were identified as eligible for this review. Preclinical studies using several colitis-induction protocols and various statins have shown numerous beneficial effects of these drugs on reducing disease activity, inflammatory profile, oxidative stress, and general clinical parameters of animals with UC. These studies revealed the potential of statins against the pathogenesis of UC. However, there are still important gaps regarding the molecular mechanisms of action of statins, leading to some contradictory results. Thus, more research on the molecular level to determine the roles of statins in colitis should be carried out to elucidate their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kátia Duarte Vital
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Barbara Gatti Cardoso
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Iasmin Pinheiro Lima
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Aline Beatriz Campos
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruno Faria Teixeira
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz Octávio Pires
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Coutinho Dias
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Patrícia de Alcantara Candido
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Valbert Nascimento Cardoso
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Simone Odília Antunes Fernandes
- Laboratório de Radioisótopos. Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas e Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Uremic toxins activate CREB/ATF1 in endothelial cells related to chronic kidney disease. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 198:114984. [PMID: 35245485 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.114984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Uremic toxins, such as p-cresyl sulfate (PCS) and indoxyl sulfate (IS), contribute to endothelial dysfunction in chronic kidney disease (CKD). This process is mediated by several cellular pathways, but it is unclear whether cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) and activating transcription factor 1 (ATF1) participate in endothelial dysfunction in uremic conditions despite playing roles in inflammatory modulation. This study aimed to evaluate the expression, activation, and transcriptional activity of CREB/ATF1 in endothelial cells exposed to PCS, IS, and uremic serum (US). In vitro, ATF1 protein levels were increased by PCS and IS, whereas CREB levels were enhanced only by IS. Activation through CREB-Ser133 and ATF1-Ser63 phosphorylation was induced by PCS, IS, and US. We evaluated the CREB/ATF1 transcriptional activity by analyzing the expression of their target genes, including ICAM1, PTGS2, NOX1, and SLC22A6, which are related to endothelial dysfunction through their roles in vascular inflammation, oxidative stress, and cellular uptake of PCS and IS. The expression of ICAM1, PTGS2 and NOX1 genes was increased by PCS, IS, and US, whereas that of SLC22A6 was induced only by IS. KG-501, a CREB inhibitor, restored the inductive effects of PCS on ICAM1, PTGS2, and NOX1 expression; IS on ICAM1, PTGS2 and SLC22A6 expression; and US on NOX1 expression. The presence of CREB and ATF1 was observed in healthy arteries and in arteries of patients with CKD, which were structurally damaged. These findings suggest that CREB/ATF1 is activated by uremic toxins and may play a relevant role in endothelial dysfunction in CKD.
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Duttaroy AK, Basak S. Maternal Fatty Acid Metabolism in Pregnancy and Its Consequences in the Feto-Placental Development. Front Physiol 2022; 12:787848. [PMID: 35126178 PMCID: PMC8811195 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.787848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, maternal plasma fatty acids are critically required for cell growth and development, cell signaling, and the development of critical structural and functional aspects of the feto-placental unit. In addition, the fatty acids modulate the early stages of placental development by regulating angiogenesis in the first-trimester human placenta. Preferential transport of maternal plasma long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids during the third trimester is critical for optimal fetal brain development. Maternal status such as obesity, diabetes, and dietary intakes may affect the functional changes in lipid metabolic processes in maternal-fetal lipid transport and metabolism. Fatty acids traverse the placental membranes via several plasma membrane fatty acid transport/binding proteins (FAT, FATP, p-FABPpm, and FFARs) and cytoplasmic fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs). This review discusses the maternal metabolism of fatty acids and their effects on early placentation, placental fatty acid transport and metabolism, and their roles in feto-placental growth and development. The review also highlights how maternal fat metabolism modulates lipid processing, including transportation, esterification, and oxidation of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim K. Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Asim K. Duttaroy,
| | - Sanjay Basak
- Molecular Biology Division, ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, Hyderabad, India
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Development of mode of action networks related to the potential role of PPARγ in respiratory diseases. Pharmacol Res 2021; 172:105821. [PMID: 34403731 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is a key transcription factor, operating at the intercept of metabolic control and immunomodulation. It is ubiquitously expressed in multiple tissues and organs, including lungs. There is a growing body of information supporting the role of PPARγ signalling in respiratory diseases. The aim of the present study was to develop mode of action (MoA) networks reflecting the relationships between PPARγ signalling and the progression/alleviation of a spectrum of lung pathologies. Data mining was performed using the resources of the NIH PubMed and PubChem information systems. By linking available data on pathological/therapeutic effects of PPARγ modulation, knowledge-based MoA networking at different levels of biological organization (molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and system) was performed. Multiple MoA networks were developed to relate PPARγ modulation to the progress or the alleviation of pulmonary disorders, triggered by diverse pathogenic, genetic, chemical, or mechanical factors. Pharmacological targeting of PPARγ signalling was discussed with regard to ligand- and cell type-specific effects in the context of distinct disease inductor- and disease stage-dependent patterns. The proposed MoA networking analysis allows for a better understanding of the potential role of PPARγ modulation in lung pathologies. It presents a mechanistically justified basis for further computational, experimental, and clinical monitoring studies on the dynamic control of PPARγ signalling in respiratory diseases.
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Ni S, Li D, Wei H, Miao KS, Zhuang C. PPAR γ Attenuates Interleukin-1 β-Induced Cell Apoptosis by Inhibiting NOX2/ROS/p38MAPK Activation in Osteoarthritis Chondrocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5551338. [PMID: 34055194 PMCID: PMC8112933 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5551338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by extracellular cytokines trigger the expression of inflammatory mediators in osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocyte. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) exerts an anti-inflammatory effect. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of PPARγ in interleukin-1β- (IL-1β-) induced cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) expression through ROS generation in OA chondrocytes. METHODS IL-1β-induced ROS generation and chondrocyte apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry. Contents of NADPH oxidase (NOX), caspase-3, and caspase-9 were evaluated by biochemical detection. The involvement of NOX2 and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in IL-1β-induced COX-2 and PGE2 expression was investigated using pharmacologic inhibitors and further analyzed by western blotting. Activation of PPARγ was performed by using a pharmacologic agonist and was analyzed by western blotting. RESULTS IL-1β-induced COX-2 and PGE2 expression was mediated through NOX2 activation/ROS production, which could be attenuated by N-acetylcysteine (NAC; a scavenger of ROS), GW1929 (PPARγ agonist), DPI (diphenyleneiodonium chloride, NOX2 inhibitor), SB203580 (p38MAPK inhibitor), PD98059 (extracellular signal-regulated kinase, ERK inhibitor), and SP600125 (c-Jun N-terminal kinase, JNK inhibitor). ROS activated p38MAPK to enter the nucleus, which was attenuated by PPARγ. CONCLUSION In OA chondrocytes, IL-1β induced COX-2 and PGE2 expression via activation of NOX2, which led to ROS production and MAPK activation. The activation of PPARγ exerted protective roles in the pathogenesis of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Ni
- Laboratory of Clinical Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Hui Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Kai-Song Miao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
| | - Chao Zhuang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213003, China
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Wagner N, Wagner KD. PPARs and Angiogenesis-Implications in Pathology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165723. [PMID: 32785018 PMCID: PMC7461101 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the family of ligand-activated nuclear receptors. The PPAR family consists of three subtypes encoded by three separate genes: PPARα (NR1C1), PPARβ/δ (NR1C2), and PPARγ (NR1C3). PPARs are critical regulators of metabolism and exhibit tissue and cell type-specific expression patterns and functions. Specific PPAR ligands have been proposed as potential therapies for a variety of diseases such as metabolic syndrome, cancer, neurogenerative disorders, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, endometriosis, and retinopathies. In this review, we focus on the knowledge of PPAR function in angiogenesis, a complex process that plays important roles in numerous pathological conditions for which therapeutic use of PPAR modulation has been suggested.
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Duttaroy AK, Basak S. Maternal dietary fatty acids and their roles in human placental development. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2020; 155:102080. [PMID: 32120190 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids are essential for feto-placental growth and development. Maternal fatty acids and their metabolites are involved in every stage of pregnancy by supporting cell growth and development, cell signaling, and modulating other critical aspects of structural and functional processes. Early placentation process is critical for placental growth and function. Several fatty acids modulate angiogenesis as observed by increased tube formation and secretion of angiogenic growth factors in first-trimester human placental trophoblasts. Long-chain fatty acids stimulate angiogenesis in these cells via vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF), angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4), fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs), or eicosanoids. Inadequate placental angiogenesis and trophoblast invasion of the maternal decidua and uterine spiral arterioles leads to structural and functional deficiency of placenta, which contributes to preeclampsia, pre-term intrauterine growth restriction, and spontaneous abortion and also affects overall fetal growth and development. During the third trimester of pregnancy, placental preferential transport of maternal plasma long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids is of critical importance for fetal growth and development. Fatty acids cross the placental microvillous and basal membranes by mainly via plasma membrane fatty acid transport system (FAT, FATP, p-FABPpm, & FFARs) and cytoplasmic FABPs. Besides, a member of the major facilitator superfamily-MFSD2a, present in the placenta is involved in the supply of DHA to the fetus. Maternal factors such as diet, obesity, endocrine, inflammation can modulate the expression and activity of the placental fatty acid transport activity and thereby impact feto-placental growth and development. In this review, we discuss the maternal dietary fatty acids, and placental transport and metabolism, and their roles in placental growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim K Duttaroy
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sanjay Basak
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway; National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, India
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Tang X, Liu C, Chen L, Yang Z, Belguise K, Wang X, Lu K, Yan H, Yi B. Cyclooxygenase-2 regulates HPS patient serum induced-directional collective HPMVEC migration via PKC/Rac signaling pathway. Gene 2019; 692:176-184. [PMID: 30660713 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS) is a serious complication in patients with advanced liver disease. The pathological pulmonary angiogenesis contributes to the progression of HPS. Importantly, directional collective migration of endothelial cells is a critical event for pathological angiogenesis. Previously, we have demonstrated that the over-expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was an important factor in the experimental HPS. However, the role of COX-2 in the directional collective migration of human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMVECs) is unclear. Our study aims to evaluate the potential effect of COX-2 in the directional collective migration of HPMVECs under the stimulation of HPS patient serum. In this study, 9 patients with stable liver cirrhosis were screened for presence of HPS. We confirmed that HPS patient serum dramatically promoted the directional collective migration and angiogenesis of HPMVECs, while the COX-2 selective antagonist parecoxib significantly inhibited the directional collective migration of HPMVEC under the stimulation of HPS patient serum. In addition, HPS patient serum significantly upregulated the phosphorylation of PKC and promoted the activation of Rac via COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathway. Notably, silencing PKC activation attenuated the directional collective migration of HPMVEC induced by HPS patient serum. In conclusion, these results indicate that PKC/Rac signaling induced by COX-2 modulates collective directional migration of HPMVEC during pathological pulmonary angiogenesis in HPS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Tang
- Department of Anaesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Anaesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhiyong Yang
- Department of Anaesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Karine Belguise
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- LBCMCP, Centre de Biologie Intégrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Kaizhi Lu
- Department of Anaesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Hong Yan
- Department of Anaesthesia, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430014, China.
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of Anaesthesia, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China.
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Behl T, Kotwani A. Potential of angiotensin II receptor blockers in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Life Sci 2017; 176:1-9. [PMID: 28363842 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Impairments in renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system during diabetes mellitus, leading to its dysfunction, have been known since a decade. Hyperglycemia induces several pathological alterations which upregulate this system, accounting for overexpression of its downstream signaling molecules, amongst which angiotensin II (Ang II) and aldosterone hold prime pathological notoriety. Although it is well known that elevated plasma levels of Ang II play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of type-II diabetic mellitus, by inducing and aggravating insulin resistance, it is not quite much known that it equally elevates the possibility/risk of development of diabetic complications. Also, amongst the various diabetic complications, the effects of Ang II upregulation are more widely acknowledged in studies concerning the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy; however, its role in exacerbating diabetic retinopathy has not received much attention. Ang II, indeed, plays a detrimental role in the progression of diabetic retinopathy by augmenting the principal events involved in its pathogenesis, namely oxidative stress, angiogenesis and inflammation. The utility of angiotensin receptor blockers has shown positive results in research studies and hence, might potentially provide a novel adjuvant therapy for treating this complication and preventing the associated vision-loss in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
| | - Anita Kotwani
- Department of Pharmacology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Cheng WY, Huynh H, Chen P, Peña-Llopis S, Wan Y. Macrophage PPARγ inhibits Gpr132 to mediate the anti-tumor effects of rosiglitazone. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27692066 PMCID: PMC5047746 DOI: 10.7554/elife.18501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) significantly contributes to cancer progression. Human cancer is enhanced by PPARγ loss-of-function mutations, but inhibited by PPARγ agonists such as TZD diabetes drugs including rosiglitazone. However, it remains enigmatic whether and how macrophage contributes to PPARγ tumor-suppressive functions. Here we report that macrophage PPARγ deletion in mice not only exacerbates mammary tumor development but also impairs the anti-tumor effects of rosiglitazone. Mechanistically, we identify Gpr132 as a novel direct PPARγ target in macrophage whose expression is enhanced by PPARγ loss but repressed by PPARγ activation. Functionally, macrophage Gpr132 is pro-inflammatory and pro-tumor. Genetic Gpr132 deletion not only retards inflammation and cancer growth but also abrogates the anti-tumor effects of PPARγ and rosiglitazone. Pharmacological Gpr132 inhibition significantly impedes mammary tumor malignancy. These findings uncover macrophage PPARγ and Gpr132 as critical TAM modulators, new cancer therapeutic targets, and essential mediators of TZD anti-cancer effects. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.18501.001 The immune system can both contribute to cancer progression and restrain the growth of tumors. Some immune cells – called macrophages – create an inflammatory environment around a tumor, which can support the spread of the cancer cells. Independent observations and experiments have shown that a protein called PPARγ can suppress the development and growth of tumors. Drugs called thiazolidinediones (or TZDs for short), which are normally used to treat type 2 diabetes, activate PPARγ and therefore have anti-tumor effects. However, it is not fully understood how PPARγ and TZDs suppress tumor development. Cheng et al. hypothesized that the PPARγ protein and TZDs can inhibit the activity of the inflammatory macrophages that help tumors to develop. To test this, mice were genetically engineered so that their macrophages could not produce the PPARγ protein. These engineered mice were more likely to develop breast cancer than normal. Furthermore, the breast tumors in the modified mice did not shrink when they were treated with TZDs, whereas the tumors of normal mice did. Cheng et al. also found that PPARγ inhibits the ability of macrophages to produce a protein called Gpr132, which itself contributes to inflammation and allows breast cancer cells to grow. Mice that were unable to produce Grp132 displayed less inflammation, and cancer growth was blocked. Drugs that inhibited the activity of Grp132 in normal mice also reduced the ability of breast tumors to spread. Future experiments will need to examine exactly how the Gpr132 proteins produced by macrophages communicate with the cancer cells. Furthermore, developing new drugs that can inhibit Gpr132 could ultimately lead to more effective treatments for cancer. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.18501.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Yin Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - HoangDinh Huynh
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Peiwen Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Samuel Peña-Llopis
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
| | - Yihong Wan
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States.,Simmons Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, United States
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Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in Female Reproduction and Fertility. PPAR Res 2016; 2016:4612306. [PMID: 27559343 PMCID: PMC4983391 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4612306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Reproductive functions may be altered by the exposure to a multitude of endogenous and exogenous agents, drug or environmental pollutants, which are known to affect gene transcription through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) activation. PPARs act as ligand activated transcription factors and regulate metabolic processes such as lipid and glucose metabolism, energy homeostasis, inflammation, and cell proliferation and differentiation. All PPARs isotypes are expressed along the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and are strictly involved in reproductive functions. Since female fertility and energy metabolism are tightly interconnected, the research on female infertility points towards the exploration of potential PPARs activating/antagonizing compounds, mainly belonging to the class of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) and fibrates, as useful agents for the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis in women with ovarian dysfunctions. In the present review, we discuss the recent evidence about PPARs expression in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and their involvement in female reproduction. Finally, the therapeutic potential of their manipulation through several drugs is also discussed.
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Choudhary M, Malek G. Rethinking Nuclear Receptors as Potential Therapeutic Targets for Retinal Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 21:1007-1018. [PMID: 27455994 DOI: 10.1177/1087057116659856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Collectively, retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, and diabetic retinopathy, result in severe vision impairment worldwide. The absence and/or limited availability of successful drug therapies for these blinding disorders necessitates further understanding their pathobiology and identifying new targetable signaling pathways. Nuclear receptors are transcription regulators of many key aspects of human physiology, as well as pathophysiology, with reported roles in development, aging, and disease. Some of the pathways regulated by nuclear receptors include, but are not limited to, angiogenesis, inflammation, and lipid metabolic dysregulation, mechanisms also important in the initiation and development of several retinal diseases. Herein, we present an overview of the biology of three diseases affecting the posterior eye, summarize a growing body of evidence that suggests direct or indirect involvement of nuclear receptors in disease progression, and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting nuclear receptors for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayur Choudhary
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Goldis Malek
- 1 Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,2 Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
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Rudnicki M, Tripodi GL, Ferrer R, Boscá L, Pitta MGR, Pitta IR, Abdalla DSP. New thiazolidinediones affect endothelial cell activation and angiogenesis. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 782:98-106. [PMID: 27108791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonists used in treating type 2 diabetes that may exhibit beneficial pleiotropic effects on endothelial cells. In this study, we characterized the effects of three new TZDs [GQ-32 (3-biphenyl-4-ylmethyl-5-(4-nitro-benzylidene)-thiazolidine-2,4-dione), GQ-169 (5-(4-chloro-benzylidene)-3-(2,6-dichloro-benzyl)-thiazolidine-2,4-dione), and LYSO-7 (5-(5-bromo-1H-indol-3-ylmethylene)-3-(4-chlorobenzyl)-thiazolidine-2,4-dione)] on endothelial cells. The effects of the new TZDs were evaluated on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell migration, tube formation and the gene expression of adhesion molecules and angiogenic mediators in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). PPARγ activation by new TZDs was addressed with a reporter gene assay. The three new TZDs activated PPARγ and suppressed the tumor necrosis factor α-induced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1. GQ-169 and LYSO-7 also inhibited the glucose-induced ROS production. Although NO production assessed with 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein-FM probe indicated that all tested TZDs enhanced intracellular levels of NO, only LYSO-7 treatment significantly increased the release of NO from HUVEC measured by chemiluminescence analysis of culture media. Additionally, GQ-32 and GQ-169 induced endothelial cell migration and tube formation by the up-regulation of angiogenic molecules expression, such as vascular endothelial growth factor A and interleukin 8. GQ-169 also increased the mRNA levels of basic fibroblast growth factor, and GQ-32 enhanced transforming growth factor-β expression. Together, the results of this study reveal that these new TZDs act as partial agonists of PPARγ and modulate endothelial cell activation and endothelial dysfunction besides to stimulate migration and tube formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Rudnicki
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo L Tripodi
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renila Ferrer
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lisardo Boscá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina G R Pitta
- Core of Therapeutic Innovation, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ivan R Pitta
- Core of Therapeutic Innovation, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Dulcineia S P Abdalla
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Protein kinase C α inhibition prevents peritoneal damage in a mouse model of chronic peritoneal exposure to high-glucose dialysate. Kidney Int 2016; 89:1253-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2016.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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17
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Implications of the endogenous PPAR-gamma ligand, 15-deoxy-delta-12, 14-prostaglandin J2, in diabetic retinopathy. Life Sci 2016; 153:93-9. [PMID: 27060220 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy, a common secondary complication of diabetes mellitus, involves extensive damage to the retinal microvasculature. Retina, being a susceptible target, is highly prone to hyperglycemia-induced molecular damages. PPAR receptor, chiefly gamma subtype, mediates numerous responses related to glucose metabolism and hence is utilized, through its agonism, for the restoration of normal insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis in the body. Although a number of synthetic PPAR-gamma receptor agonists have been developed and are being employed for treatment purposes, the role of its endogenous ligand in the prevention of diabetic retinopathy is poorly acknowledged. Activation of PPAR-gamma receptor, via endogenous agents, provides a natural defensive shield against various hyperglycemia-induced pathological conditions. Although the biological levels of 15d-PGJ2 (an endogenous agonist of PPAR-gamma receptor) are found to be below the concentration required to trigger PPAR-gamma-mediated actions, employment of several advanced methods for the exogenous administration of this ligand might provide a beneficial option. Besides, 15d-PGJ2-induced defense is better than any of the newly developed alternative therapies, such as anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic or anti-apoptotic agents, of diabetic retinopathy, since it singularly provides, virtually, a complete protection package against all these pathological eventualities. Therefore, the physiology of this endogenous PPAR-gamma ligand might, possibly, be exploited to a great extent for the development of prophylactic agents, in order to restrict the progression of diabetic retinopathy.
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Wu X, Yin T, Tian J, Tang C, Huang J, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Deng X, Fan Y, Yu D, Wang G. Distinctive effects of CD34- and CD133-specific antibody-coated stents on re-endothelialization and in-stent restenosis at the early phase of vascular injury. Regen Biomater 2015; 2:87-96. [PMID: 26813006 PMCID: PMC4669017 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbv007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is not clear what effects of CD34- and CD133-specific antibody-coated stents have on re-endothelialization and in-stent restenosis (ISR) at the early phase of vascular injury. This study aims at determining the capabilities of different coatings on stents (e.g. gelatin, anti-CD133 and anti-CD34 antibodies) to promote adhesion and proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). The in vitro study revealed that the adhesion force enabled the EPCs coated on glass slides to withstand flow-induced shear stress, so that allowing for the growth of the cells on the slides for 48 h. The in vivo experiment using a rabbit model in which the coated stents with different substrates were implanted showed that anti-CD34 and anti-CD133 antibody-coated stents markedly reduced the intima area and restenosis than bare mental stents (BMS) and gelatin-coated stents. Compared with the anti-CD34 antibody-coated stents, the time of cells adhesion was longer and earlier present in the anti-CD133 antibody-coated stents and anti-CD133 antibody-coated stents have superiority in re-endothelialization and inhibition of ISR. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that anti-CD133 antibody as a stent coating for capturing EPCs is better than anti-CD34 antibody in promoting endothelialization and reducing ISR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory in Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, China and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, Building H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Tieying Yin
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory in Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, China and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, Building H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jie Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory in Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, China and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, Building H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Chaojun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory in Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, China and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, Building H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Junli Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory in Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, China and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, Building H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Yinping Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory in Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, China and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, Building H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory in Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, China and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, Building H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Xiaoyan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory in Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, China and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, Building H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory in Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, China and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, Building H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Donghong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory in Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, China and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, Building H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Chongqing Engineering Laboratory in Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, No. 37 XueYuan Road, HaiDian District, Beijing 100191, China and Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Environmental Engineering, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7, Building H, 9220, Aalborg, Denmark
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Henique C, Bollee G, Lenoir O, Dhaun N, Camus M, Chipont A, Flosseau K, Mandet C, Yamamoto M, Karras A, Thervet E, Bruneval P, Nochy D, Mesnard L, Tharaux PL. Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Drives Podocyte-Specific Expression of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Essential for Resistance to Crescentic GN. J Am Soc Nephrol 2015; 27:172-88. [PMID: 25999406 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2014111080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Necrotizing and crescentic rapidly progressive GN (RPGN) is a life-threatening syndrome characterized by a rapid loss of renal function. Evidence suggests that podocyte expression of the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) may prevent podocyte injury, but the function of glomerular PPARγ in acute, severe inflammatory GN is unknown. Here, we observed marked loss of PPARγ abundance and transcriptional activity in glomerular podocytes in experimental RPGN. Blunted expression of PPARγ in podocyte nuclei was also found in kidneys from patients diagnosed with crescentic GN. Podocyte-specific Pparγ gene targeting accentuated glomerular damage, with increased urinary loss of albumin and severe kidney failure. Furthermore, a PPARγ gain-of-function approach achieved by systemic administration of thiazolidinedione (TZD) failed to prevent severe RPGN in mice with podocyte-specific Pparγ gene deficiency. In nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-deficient mice, loss of podocyte PPARγ was observed at baseline. NRF2 deficiency markedly aggravated the course of RPGN, an effect that was partially prevented by TZD administration. Furthermore, delayed administration of TZD, initiated after the onset of RPGN, still alleviated the severity of experimental RPGN. These findings establish a requirement for the NRF2-PPARγ cascade in podocytes, and we suggest that these transcription factors have a role in augmenting the tolerance of glomeruli to severe immune-complex mediated injury. The NRF2-PPARγ pathway may be a therapeutic target for RPGN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carole Henique
- Paris Cardiovascular Centre (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France;
| | - Guillaume Bollee
- Paris Cardiovascular Centre (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Centre de Recherche, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Olivia Lenoir
- Paris Cardiovascular Centre (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Neeraj Dhaun
- Paris Cardiovascular Centre (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France; British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence (BHF CoRE), Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Marine Camus
- Paris Cardiovascular Centre (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Anna Chipont
- Paris Cardiovascular Centre (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Kathleen Flosseau
- Paris Cardiovascular Centre (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Mandet
- Paris Cardiovascular Centre (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
| | - Masayuki Yamamoto
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Alexandre Karras
- Paris Cardiovascular Centre (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Department of Nephrology and
| | - Eric Thervet
- Paris Cardiovascular Centre (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Department of Nephrology and
| | - Patrick Bruneval
- Paris Cardiovascular Centre (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Department of Pathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; and
| | - Dominique Nochy
- Paris Cardiovascular Centre (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Department of Pathology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Paris, France; and
| | - Laurent Mesnard
- Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 702, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Louis Tharaux
- Paris Cardiovascular Centre (PARCC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Department of Nephrology and
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Sottero B, Gargiulo S, Russo I, Barale C, Poli G, Cavalot F. Postprandial Dysmetabolism and Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes: Pathogenetic Mechanisms and Therapeutic Strategies. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:968-1031. [PMID: 25943420 DOI: 10.1002/med.21349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Postprandial dysmetabolism in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is known to impact the progression and evolution of this complex disease process. However, the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms still require full elucidation to provide guidance for disease prevention and treatment. This review focuses on the marked redox changes and inflammatory stimuli provoked by the spike in blood glucose and lipids in T2D individuals after meals. All the causes of exacerbated postprandial oxidative stress in T2D were analyzed, also considering the consequence of enhanced inflammation on vascular damage. Based on this in-depth analysis, current strategies of prevention and pharmacologic management of T2D were critically reexamined with particular emphasis on their potential redox-related rationale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Sottero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, 10043, Italy
| | - Simona Gargiulo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, 10043, Italy
| | - Isabella Russo
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, 10043, Italy
| | - Cristina Barale
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, 10043, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Poli
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, 10043, Italy
| | - Franco Cavalot
- Internal Medicine and Metabolic Disease Unit, Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, Orbassano, Turin, 10043, Italy
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PPARγ activation but not PPARγ haplodeficiency affects proangiogenic potential of endothelial cells and bone marrow-derived progenitors. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:150. [PMID: 25361524 PMCID: PMC4233236 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-014-0150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) agonists, which have been used as insulin sensitizers in diabetic patients, may improve functions of endothelial cells (ECs). We investigated the effect of PPARγ on angiogenic activities of murine ECs and bone marrow-derived proangiogenic cells (PACs). Methods PACs were isolated from bone marrow of 10–12 weeks old, wild type, db/db and PPARγ heterozygous animals. Cells were cultured on fibronectin and gelatin coated dishes in EGM-2MV medium. For in vitro stimulations, rosiglitazone (10 μmol/L) or GW9662 (10 μmol/L) were added to 80% confluent cell cultures for 24 hours. Angiogenic potential of PACs and ECs was tested in vitro and in vivo in wound healing assay and hind limb ischemia model. Results ECs and PACs isolated from diabetic db/db mice displayed a reduced angiogenic potential in ex vivo and in vitro assays, the effect partially rescued by incubation of cells with rosiglitazone (PPARγ activator). Correction of diabetes by administration of rosiglitazone in vivo did not improve angiogenic potential of isolated PACs or ECs. In a hind limb ischemia model we demonstrated that local injection of conditioned media harvested from wild type PACs improved the blood flow restoration in db/db mice, confirming the importance of paracrine action of the bone marrow-derived cells. Transcriptome analysis showed an upregulation of prooxidative and proinflammatory pathways, and downregulation of several proangiogenic genes in db/db PACs. Interestingly, db/db PACs had also a decreased level of PPARγ and changed expression of PPARγ-regulated genes. Using normoglycemic PPARγ+/− mice we demonstrated that reduced expression of PPARγ does not influence neovascularization either in wound healing or in hind limb ischemia models. Conclusions In summary, activation of PPARγ by rosiglitazone improves angiogenic potential of diabetic ECs and PACs, but decreased expression of PPARγ in diabetes does not impair angiogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-014-0150-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Qadri SM, Su Y, Cayabyab FS, Liu L. Endothelial Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1 participates in redox-sensitive leukocyte recruitment triggered by methylglyoxal. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:134. [PMID: 25270604 PMCID: PMC4193979 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-014-0134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Excessive levels of methylglyoxal (MG) encountered in diabetes foster enhanced leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions, mechanisms of which are incompletely understood. MG genomically upregulates endothelial serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) which orchestrates leukocyte recruitment by regulating the activation and expression of transcription factors and adhesion molecules. SGK1 regulates a myriad of ion channels and carriers including the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1. Here, we explored the effect of MG on SGK1-dependent NHE1 activation and the putative role of NHE1 activation in MG-induced leukocyte recruitment and microvascular hyperpermeability. Methods Using RT-PCR and immunoblotting, we analyzed NHE1 mRNA and protein levels in murine microvascular SVEC4-10EE2 endothelial cells (EE2 ECs). NHE1 phosphorylation was detected using a specific antibody against the 14-3-3 binding motif at phospho-Ser703. SGK in EE2 ECs was silenced using targeted siRNA. ROS production was determined using DCF-dependent fluorescence. Leukocyte recruitment and microvascular permeability in murine cremasteric microvasculature were measured using intravital microscopy. The expression of endothelial adhesion molecules was determined by immunoblotting and confocal imaging analysis. Results MG treatment significantly upregulated NHE1 mRNA and dose-dependently increased total- and phospho-NHE1. Treatment with SGK1 inhibitor GSK650394, antioxidant Tempol and silencing SGK all blunted MG-triggered phospho-NHE1 upregulation in EE2 ECs. NHE1 inhibitor cariporide attenuated MG-triggered ROS production, leukocyte adhesion and emigration and microvascular hyperpermeability, without affecting leukocyte rolling. Cariporide treatment did not alter MG-triggered upregulation of P- and E-selectins, but reduced endothelial ICAM-1 expression. Conclusion MG elicits SGK1-dependent activation of endothelial Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1 which participates in MG-induced ROS production, upregulation of endothelial ICAM-1, leukocyte recruitment and microvascular hyperpermeability. Pharmacological inhibition of NHE1 attenuates the proinflammatory effects of excessive MG and may, thus, be beneficial in diabetes-associated inflammation.
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Su Y, Qadri SM, Cayabyab FS, Wu L, Liu L. Regulation of methylglyoxal-elicited leukocyte recruitment by endothelial SGK1/GSK3 signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:2481-91. [PMID: 25003317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Excessive levels of the glycolysis metabolite methylglyoxal (MG) elicit enhanced expression of adhesion molecules which foster leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions. The signaling mechanisms involved remain elusive. To address this, we investigated the signal transduction of leukocyte- and endothelial-expressed phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) effector kinases glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) and serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) in the regulation of MG-elicited leukocyte recruitment. Using intravital microscopy of mouse cremasteric microvasculature, we demonstrate that GSK3 inhibitors lithium and SB216763 mitigate MG-elicited leukocyte recruitment and microvascular hyperpermeability. In SVEC4-10EE2 endothelial cells, but not in neutrophils, MG transiently activates GSK3 by reducing inhibitory phospho-GSK3α/β (Ser21/9) which parallels decrease of phospho-Akt at early time points (<30min). At later time points (≥1h), MG induces GSK3 deactivation which is dissipated by siRNA silencing of SGK. MG treatment potentiates endothelial SGK1 mRNA, total SGK1, phospho-SGK1 and phospho-NDRG1. The SGK1 inhibitor GSK650394 attenuates MG-elicited leukocyte recruitment. Pharmacological inhibition or silencing endothelial GSK3 or SGK attenuates MG-triggered nuclear factor (NF)-κB activity. Furthermore, silencing SGK blunts MG-triggered redox-sensitive phosphorylation of endothelial transcription factor CREB. Inhibition of SGK1 or GSK3 mitigates the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules P- and E-selectins and ICAM-1. Moreover, SGK1-dependent CREB activation participates in MG-elicited ICAM-1 upregulation. We conclude that temporal activation of endothelial SGK1 and GSK3 is decisive in MG-elicited upregulation of transcription factors, adhesion molecule expression, and leukocyte-vascular endothelium interactions. This novel signaling pathway may link excessive MG levels in vivo to inflammation, thus, unraveling potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Su
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Syed M Qadri
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Francisco S Cayabyab
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Lingyun Wu
- Department of Health Sciences, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada; Thunder Bay Regional Research Institute, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lixin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
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Albumin-induced podocyte injury and protection are associated with regulation of COX-2. Kidney Int 2014; 86:1150-60. [PMID: 24918154 PMCID: PMC4245399 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2014.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Albuminuria is both a hallmark and a risk factor for progressive glomerular disease, and results in increased exposure of podocytes to serum albumin with its associated factors. Here in vivo and in vitro models of serum albumin overload were used to test the hypothesis that albumin-induced proteinuria and podocyte injury directly correlate with COX-2 induction. Albumin induced COX-2, MCP-1, CXCL1 and the stress protein HSP25 in both rat glomeruli and cultured podocytes, while B7-1 and HSP70i were also induced in podocytes. Podocyte exposure to albumin induced both mRNA and protein and enhanced the mRNA stability of COX-2, a key regulator of renal hemodynamics and inflammation, which renders podocytes susceptible to injury. Podocyte exposure to albumin also stimulated several kinases (p38 MAPK, MK2, JNK/SAPK and ERK1/2), inhibitors of which (except JNK/SAPK) down-regulated albumin-induced COX-2. Inhibition of AMPK, PKC and NFκB also down-regulated albumin-induced COX-2. Critically, albumin-induced COX-2 was also inhibited by glucocorticoids and thiazolidinediones, both of which directly protect podocytes against injury. Furthermore, specific albumin-associated fatty acids were identified as important contributors to COX-2 induction, podocyte injury and proteinuria. Thus, COX-2 is associated with podocyte injury during albuminuria, as well as with the known podocyte protection imparted by glucocorticoids and thiazolidinediones. Moreover, COX-2 induction, podocyte damage and albuminuria appear mediated largely by serum albumin-associated fatty acids.
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Casali CI, Weber K, Faggionato D, Gómez EM, Tome MCF. Coordinate regulation between the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and cyclooxygenase-2 in renal epithelial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 90:432-9. [PMID: 24915420 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-dependent transcription factors involved in lipid metabolism and glucose utilization, in cell growth, differentiation and apoptosis, and in the regulation of pro-inflammatory genes expression such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). PPARγ is the main isoform in the renal inner medulla where it is believed to possess nephroprotective actions. In this kidney zone, COX-2 acts as an osmoprotective gene and its expression is modulated by changes in interstitial osmolarity. In the present work we evaluated whether hyperosmolar-induced COX-2 expression is modulated by PPARγ in renal epithelial cells MDCK subjected to high NaCl medium. The results presented herein show that ligand-activated PPARγ repressed COX-2 expression. But more important, the present findings show that hyperosmolar medium decreased PPARγ protein and increases the PPARγ phosphorylated form, which is inactive. ERK1/2 and p38 activation precedes PPARγ disappearance and induced-COX-2 expression. Therefore, the decrease in PPARγ expression is required for hyperosmotic induction of COX-2. We also found that PGE2, the main product of COX-2 in MDCK cells, induced these changes in PPARγ protein. Our results may alert on the long term use of thiazolidinediones (TZD) since they could affect renal medullary function that depends on COX-2 for cellular protection against osmotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia I Casali
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina; IQUIFIB-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Karen Weber
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina; IQUIFIB-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Daniela Faggionato
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Emanuel Morel Gómez
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - María C Fernández Tome
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Buenos Aires Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina; IQUIFIB-CONICET, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires C1113AAD, Argentina.
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Hahn SS, Tang Q, Zheng F, Zhao S, Wu J. GW1929 inhibits α7 nAChR expression through PPARγ-independent activation of p38 MAPK and inactivation of PI3-K/mTOR: The role of Egr-1. Cell Signal 2014; 26:730-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Dromparis P, Sutendra G, Paulin R, Proctor S, Michelakis ED, McMurtry MS. Pioglitazone inhibits HIF-1α-dependent angiogenesis in rats by paracrine and direct effects on endothelial cells. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 92:497-507. [PMID: 24408111 PMCID: PMC3989538 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-013-1115-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Revised: 11/01/2013] [Accepted: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Pioglitazone was associated with increased hazard for surgical or percutaneous lower extremity revascularization in patients with diabetes in a large clinical trial, but this clinical finding has not been adequately explored in animal models. We hypothesized that pioglitazone would decrease hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α)-dependent angiogenesis in rat ischemic hindlimb models by altering mitochondrial-derived signals supporting HIF-1α activation. We tested oral pioglitazone (10 mg/kg/day) versus placebo in two cohorts of rats with hindlimb ischemia (normal Sprague–Dawley rats and insulin-resistant JCR:La-cp rats), and evaluated direct and paracrine effects of pioglitazone on angiogenesis in vitro using human skeletal muscle and endothelial cells. Pioglitazone treatment was associated with reductions in limb perfusion at 2 weeks measured by contrast-enhanced ultrasound and Tc99m-Sestamibi SPECT-CT. Ischemic muscle capillary density was also reduced by pioglitazone. HIF-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in ischemic muscle were also reduced by pioglitazone. In vitro, pioglitazone's effects on both skeletal muscle cells and microvascular endothelial cells were associated with a decrease in autocrine and paracrine angiogenesis measured by matrigel assay, decreased HIF-1α expression and activation, as well as increases in both mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and α-ketoglutarate, both mitochondria-derived signals which promote HIF-1α degradation. We conclude that pioglitazone is associated with decreased ischemic limb perfusion and capillary density in relevant rat models of hindlimb ischemia, and these effects are mediated by mitochondria-dependent reductions in HIF-1α-dependent angiogenesis. Key messages Pioglitazone inhibits angiogenesis in rats with and without insulin resistance. Pioglitazone inhibits HIF-1α by inhibiting mitochondrial stabilization of HIF-1. Pioglitazone inhibits both autocrine and paracrine angiogenesis. Inhibition of angiogenesis may explain unexpected results of a pioglitazone human clinical trial.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00109-013-1115-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Dromparis
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, 8440 112th Street, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2B7, AB, Canada
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Corsini M, Moroni E, Ravelli C, Andrés G, Grillo E, Ali IH, Brazil DP, Presta M, Mitola S. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element-binding protein mediates the proangiogenic or proinflammatory activity of gremlin. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2013; 34:136-45. [PMID: 24233491 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.113.302517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Angiogenesis and inflammation are closely related processes. Gremlin is a novel noncanonical vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2) ligand that induces a proangiogenic response in endothelial cells (ECs). Here, we investigated the role of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element (CRE)-binding protein (CREB) in mediating the proinflammatory and proangiogenic responses of ECs to gremlin. APPROACH AND RESULTS Gremlin induces a proinflammatory response in ECs, leading to reactive oxygen species and cyclic adenosine monophosphate production and the upregulation of proinflammatory molecules involved in leukocyte extravasation, including chemokine (C-C motif) ligand-2 (Ccl2) and Ccl7, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand-1 (Cxcl1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Accordingly, gremlin induces the VEGFR2-dependent phosphorylation, nuclear translocation, and transactivating activity of CREB in ECs. CREB activation mediates the early phases of the angiogenic response to gremlin, including stimulation of EC motility and permeability, and leads to monocyte/macrophage adhesion to ECs and their extravasation. All these effects are inhibited by EC transfection with a dominant-negative CREB mutant or with a CREB-binding protein-CREB interaction inhibitor that competes for CREB/CRE binding. Also, both recombinant gremlin and gremlin-expressing tumor cells induce proinflammatory/proangiogenic responses in vivo that are suppressed by the anti-inflammatory drug hydrocortisone. Similar effects were induced by the canonical VEGFR2 ligand VEGF-A165. CONCLUSIONS Together, the results underline the tight cross-talk between angiogenesis and inflammation and demonstrate a crucial role of CREB activation in the modulation of the VEGFR2-mediated proinflammatory/proangiogenic response of ECs to gremlin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Corsini
- From the Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy (M.C., E.M., C.R., E.G., M.P., S.M.); Electron Microscopy Unit, Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain (G.A.); and Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University Belfast, ICS-A, Grosvenor Road, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK (I.H.A., D.P.B.)
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Fatty acid-induced angiogenesis in first trimester placental trophoblast cells: Possible roles of cellular fatty acid-binding proteins. Life Sci 2013; 93:755-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Revised: 08/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Gu J, Liu X, Wang QX, Guo M, Liu F, Song ZP, Zhang DD. Beneficial effects of pioglitazone on atrial structural and electrical remodeling in vitro cellular models. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2013; 65:1-8. [PMID: 24100253 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that atrial remodeling contributes toward atrial fibrillation (AF) maintenance and angiotensin II (AngII) is involved in the pathogenesis of atrial remodeling. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonists have been shown to inhibit atrial remodeling. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In the present study we investigated the regulating effects of PPAR-γ agonist on AngII-induced atrial structural and electrical remodeling in vitro cellular models. The effects of pioglitazone on AngII-induced connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression and cell proliferation were assessed in primary-cultured mouse atrial fibroblasts. The influences of pioglitazone on AngII-induced L-type calcium channel (ICa-L) α1c expression and current density were evaluated in atrial myocytes (HL-1). Pioglitazone attenuated AngII-induced CTGF expression and proliferation in atrial fibroblasts, and pioglitazone also inhibited the expression or phosphorylation of AngII-induced transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6), TGF-β-associated kinase 1 (TAK1) and Smad2/3. In HL-1 cells, pioglitazone suppressed AngII-induced ICa-L α1c expression and current density as well as CAMP responsive element binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation. Besides, pioglitazone inhibited AngII-induced production of AngII type I receptor (AT1R) and downregulation of PPAR-γ in both atrial fibroblasts and HL-1 cells. In conclusion, Pioglitazone suppresses AngII-induced CTGF expression and proliferation in atrial fibroblasts, which might be at least in part related with its inhibitory effects on TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and TGF-β1/TRAF6/TAK1 signaling pathways. Moreover, pioglitazone also attenuates AngII-induced ICa-L remodeling in HL-1 cells, which might be at least in part associated with its inhibitory effect on CREB phosphorylation. It is suggested that PPAR-γ agonist may have potential applications in preventing atrial remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Cardiology, Minhang hospital, Ruijin Hospital Group, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Hsu WH, Lee BH, Hsu YW, Pan TM. Inhibition of Th2 cytokine production in T cells by monascin via PPAR-γ activation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:8126-8133. [PMID: 23848565 DOI: 10.1021/jf402373z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Yellow pigment monascin (MS) is a secondary metabolite isolated from Monascus -fermented products and has numerous physiological activities. However, the potential use of MS for immunomodulation remains unclear. We showed that MS and the synthetic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ ligand rosiglitazone (RG) significantly inhibited the production of Th2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13, in PMA/ionomycin-activated mouse EL-4 T cells. Moreover, we showed that this was due to cellular PPAR-γ translocation. These results indicate that MS and RG promote PPAR-γ-DNA interactions and suggest that the regulatory effects of MS and RG on Th2 cytokine production could be abolished with PPAR-γ antagonist treatment. MS and RG also suppressed Th2 transcription factor translocation (e.g., GATA-3 and nuclear factor of activated T cells) by preventing the phosphorylation of protein kinase C and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hsuan Hsu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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32
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He X, Hu JL, Li J, Zhao L, Zhang Y, Zeng YJ, Dai SS, He FT. A feedback loop in PPARγ-adenosine A2A receptor signaling inhibits inflammation and attenuates lung damages in a mouse model of LPS-induced acute lung injury. Cell Signal 2013; 25:1913-23. [PMID: 23712033 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2013.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR) are reported to be anti-inflammatory factors in acute lung injury (ALI), their internal link and synergic or antagonistic effect after activation are poorly understood. Here, we found that PPARγ and A2AR could upregulate the mRNA and protein expressions of each other in lung tissues of LPS-induced mouse ALI model and murine macrophages. Further investigation demonstrated that PPARγ upregulated A2AR expression by directly binding to a DR10 response element (-218 to -197) within A2AR gene promoter region. Instead of directly interacting with PPARγ, A2AR stimulated PPARγ expression via protein kinase A (PKA)-cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) signaling by provoking the binding of CREB to a cAMP responsive element (CRE)-like site in PPARγ gene promoter region. In addition, combination of PPARγ and A2AR agonists was found to exert obviously better effect on suppressing neutrophil infiltration and inflammatory cytokine expressions, attenuating lung edema, pathological changes and improving lung function of blood gas exchange than their single application. These findings reveal a novel functional positive feedback loop between PPARγ and A2AR signaling to potentialize their effect on inhibiting inflammation and attenuating lung damages in ALI. It suggests that targeting this PPARγ-A2AR signaling rather than PPARγ or A2AR alone may be a more attractive and efficient potential therapeutic strategy for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
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Orlando UD, Garona J, Ripoll GV, Maloberti PM, Solano ÁR, Avagnina A, Gomez DE, Alonso DF, Podestá EJ. The functional interaction between Acyl-CoA synthetase 4, 5-lipooxygenase and cyclooxygenase-2 controls tumor growth: a novel therapeutic target. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40794. [PMID: 22808264 PMCID: PMC3396606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4), which esterify mainly arachidonic acid (AA) into acyl-CoA, is increased in breast, colon and hepatocellular carcinoma. The transfection of MCF-7 cells with ACSL4 cDNA transforms the cells into a highly aggressive phenotype and controls both lipooxygenase-5 (LOX-5) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) metabolism of AA, suggesting a causal role of ACSL4 in tumorigenesis. We hypothesized that ACSL4, LOX-5 and COX-2 may constitute potential therapeutic targets for the control of tumor growth. Therefore, the aim of this study was to use a tetracycline Tet-Off system of MCF-7 xenograft model of breast cancer to confirm the effect of ACSL4 overexpression on tumor growth in vivo. We also aim to determine whether a combinatorial inhibition of the ACSL4-LOX-COX-2 pathway affects tumor growth in vivo using a xenograft model based on MDA-MB-231 cells, a highly aggressive breast cancer cell line naturally overexpressing ACSL4. The first novel finding is that stable transfection of MCF-7 cells with ACSL4 using the tetracycline Tet-Off system of MCF-7 cells resulted in development of growing tumors when injected into nude mice. Tumor xenograft development measured in animals that received doxycycline resulted in tumor growth inhibition. The tumors presented marked nuclear polymorphism, high mitotic index and low expression of estrogen and progesterone receptor. These results demonstrate the transformational capacity of ACSL4 overexpression. We examined the effect of a combination of inhibitors of ACSL4, LOX-5 and COX-2 on MDA-MB-231 tumor xenografts. This treatment markedly reduced tumor growth in doses of these inhibitors that were otherwise ineffective when used alone, indicating a synergistic effect of the compounds. Our results suggest that these enzymes interact functionally and form an integrated system that operates in a concerted manner to regulate tumor growth and consequently may be potential therapeutic targets for the control of proliferation as well as metastatic potential of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulises D. Orlando
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan Garona
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Quilmes National University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Giselle V. Ripoll
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Quilmes National University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula M. Maloberti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ángela R. Solano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Avagnina
- Pathology Unit, Hospital Universitario-Centro de Estudios Médicos e Investigación Clínica (CEMIC), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel E. Gomez
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Quilmes National University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Daniel F. Alonso
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Quilmes National University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ernesto J. Podestá
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Department of Human Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
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Song MK, Roufogalis BD, Huang THW. Modulation of diabetic retinopathy pathophysiology by natural medicines through PPAR-γ-related pharmacology. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 165:4-19. [PMID: 21480863 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01411.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common microvascular complications of diabetes and remains a major cause of preventable blindness among adults at working age. DR involves an abnormal pathology of major retinal cells, including retinal pigment epithelium, microaneurysms, inter-retinal oedema, haemorrhage, exudates (hard exudates) and intraocular neovascularization. The biochemical mechanisms associated with hyperglycaemic-induced DR are through multifactorial processes. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of DR by inhibiting diabetes-induced retinal leukostasis and leakage. Despite DR causing eventual blindness, only a few visual or ophthalmic symptoms are observed until visual loss develops. Therefore, early medical interventions and prevention are the current management strategies. Laser photocoagulation therapy is the most common treatment. However, this therapy may cause retinal damage and scarring. Herbal and traditional natural medicines may provide an alternative to prevent or delay the progression of DR. This review provides an analysis of the therapeutic potential of herbal and traditional natural medicines or their active components for the slowdown of progression of DR and their possible mechanism through the PPAR-γ pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min K Song
- Herbal Medicines Research and Education Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Duttaroy AK, Basak S. Docosahexaenoic acid and angiogenesis: a role in early placentation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.12.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Vamecq J, Colet JM, Vanden Eynde JJ, Briand G, Porchet N, Rocchi S. PPARs: Interference with Warburg' Effect and Clinical Anticancer Trials. PPAR Res 2012; 2012:304760. [PMID: 22654896 PMCID: PMC3357561 DOI: 10.1155/2012/304760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Revised: 02/15/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The metabolic/cell signaling basis of Warburg's effect ("aerobic glycolysis") and the general metabolic phenotype adopted by cancer cells are first reviewed. Several bypasses are adopted to provide a panoramic integrated view of tumoral metabolism, by attributing a central signaling role to hypoxia-induced factor (HIF-1) in the expression of aerobic glycolysis. The cancer metabolic phenotype also results from alterations of other routes involving ras, myc, p53, and Akt signaling and the propensity of cancer cells to develop signaling aberrances (notably aberrant surface receptor expression) which, when present, offer unique opportunities for therapeutic interventions. The rationale for various emerging strategies for cancer treatment is presented along with mechanisms by which PPAR ligands might interfere directly with tumoral metabolism and promote anticancer activity. Clinical trials using PPAR ligands are reviewed and followed by concluding remarks and perspectives for future studies. A therapeutic need to associate PPAR ligands with other anticancer agents is perhaps an important lesson to be learned from the results of the clinical trials conducted to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Vamecq
- Inserm, HMNO, CBP, CHRU Lille, 59037 Lille, France
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, HMNO, CBP, CHRU Lille, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Jean-Marie Colet
- Department of Human Biology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, UMons, 7000 Mons, Belgium
| | | | - Gilbert Briand
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, HMNO, CBP, CHRU Lille, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Nicole Porchet
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, HMNO, CBP, CHRU Lille, 59037 Lille, France
| | - Stéphane Rocchi
- Inserm U1065, IFR 50, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine, 06204 Nice, France
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Magri CJ, Gatt N, Xuereb RG, Fava S. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and the endothelium: implications in cardiovascular disease. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2012; 9:1279-94. [PMID: 21985541 DOI: 10.1586/erc.11.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-γ (PPARγs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that play a crucial regulatory role in the transcription of a large number of genes involved in lipid metabolism and inflammation. In addition to physiological ligands, synthetic ligands (the thiazoledinediones) have been developed. In spite of the much publicized adverse cardiovascular effects of one such thiazoledinedione (rosiglitazone), PPARγ activation may have beneficial cardiovascular effects. In this article we review the effects of PPARγ activation on the endothelium with special emphasis on the possible implications in cardiovascular disease. We discuss its possible role in inflammation, vasomotor function, thrombosis, angiogenesis, vascular aging and vascular rhythm. We also briefly review the clinical implications of these lines of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Jane Magri
- Department of Cardiac Services, Mater Dei Hospital, Tal-Qroqq, Msida MSD 2090, Malta
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Hermans MP. Non-invited review: prevention of microvascular diabetic complications by fenofibrate: lessons from FIELD and ACCORD. Diab Vasc Dis Res 2011; 8:180-9. [PMID: 21576195 DOI: 10.1177/1479164111407783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Microvascular complications are common in type 2 diabetes in primary care. Intensified management of glycaemia or blood pressure had little effect on microvascular complication rates in recent large trials (ADVANCE, VADT, ACCORD). In 2005, the FIELD study demonstrated a significant reduction in the need for laser treatment for retinopathy, and of progression of renal dysfunction, with fenofibrate versus placebo. The FIELD ophthalmology sub-study showed that fenofibrate reduced the risk of new retinopathy and progression of retinopathy. Also, fenofibrate versus placebo significantly reduced the risk of non-traumatic, diabetes-related amputations in a post-hoc analysis from FIELD. Recently, the results of the ACCORD Lipid study were consistent with these findings, as fenofibrate significantly reduced progression of retinopathy and albuminuria, apparently independent of effects on lipids. These findings suggest a role for fenofibrate in the prevention of major diabetic microvascular complications.
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May KCP, Bobe G, Mueller CJ, Cannon MJ. Conjugated linoleic acid decreases prostaglandin synthesis in bovine luteal cells in vitro. Mol Reprod Dev 2011; 78:328-36. [PMID: 21480431 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.21308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 02/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Feeding conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) improves reproductive performance in dairy cows; however, the molecular mechanisms by which CLA improves reproduction are not understood. The effect of the CLA isomers, trans-10, cis-12 CLA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA on synthesis of progesterone, PGE(2) , and PGF(2α) , in bovine luteal cells was determined in this study. Luteal cells from three cows were cultured in medium containing 0 or 0.1 µM of trans-10, cis-12 CLA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA in varying ratios in the presence and absence of 1 µM of forskolin. Prostaglandin and progesterone concentrations were not altered by CLA isomer and ratio. Luteal cells cultured in the presence of CLA had lower PGF(2α) concentrations (62.6 ± 13.4 pg/ml vs. 55.7 ± 12.2 pg/ml; P = 0.005) and, in the absence of forskolin, lower PGE(2) concentrations (65.3 ± 15.1 pg/ml vs. 32.4 ± 14.1 pg/ml; P = 0.002) in culture media, while progesterone concentrations were not altered (P = 0.63). Relative steady-state mRNA amounts of COX-2 (1.7-fold decrease; P = 0.002), PGE synthase (1.5-fold decrease; P = 0.03) and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (1.6-fold decrease; P = 0.0003) were lower in CLA-treated cultures, but CLA did not significantly alter mRNA amounts of PGE(2) 9-keto-reductase, StAR, and cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage enzyme. In conclusion, a potential mechanism exists by which trans-10, cis-12 CLA and cis-9, trans-11 CLA may improve reproductive performance in dairy cows, by suppressing PGF(2α) synthesis in luteal cells via attenuation of COX-2 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine C P May
- Department of Animal Sciences, Oregon State University, 112 Withycombe, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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Park SY, Sohn UD. Inhibitory effect of rosiglitazone on the acid-induced intracellular generation of hydrogen peroxide in cultured feline esophageal epithelial cells. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2011; 383:191-201. [PMID: 21212935 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-010-0594-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) agonists have been reported to enhance antioxidant defenses by increasing levels of catalase and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of the PPARγ agonist, rosiglitazone, on hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) generation by acidified medium at pH 5.5 (AM5.5), which is in the pH range of duodenogastric refluxates, in primary cultured feline esophageal epithelial cells (EEC). Successful isolation of EEC was identified by immunocytochemistry. AM5.5- and rosiglitazone-induced cell viabilities were determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiozol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays. The NAD(P)H oxidase activity was measured, and expression of catalase or SOD protein by AM5.5 in the absence and presence of rosiglitazone was assessed using western blotting analysis. PPARγ protein and mRNA were constitutively expressed in EEC. In the incubation with rosiglitazone alone, cell viability was shown more than 90% at 0-10 μM for 72 h. After exposure to AM5.5 for 8 h, intracellular H(2)O(2) was significantly generated. Treatment with rosiglitazone prior to and during exposure to AM5.5 inhibited the H(2)O(2) generation whereas the specific PPARγ antagonist GW9662 offsets the inhibitory action of rosiglitazone. H(2)O(2) generation was also prevented by a nonspecific ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine or an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase diphenyleneiodonium. The enhanced AM5.5-induced NAD(P)H oxidase activity was not suppressed by rosiglitazone. Instead, the pretreatment of rosiglitazone enhanced the protein expression of catalase, Cu/Zn SOD, and Mn SOD, which are endogenous antioxidative enzymes. These findings indicate that rosiglitazone inhibits AM5.5-induced intracellular H(2)O(2) production, which occurs via NAD(P)H oxidase activation, by using a PPARγ-dependent pathway, and that the underlying mechanism involves an increase in the expression of catalase and SOD proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 156-756, Republic of Korea
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Fatehi-Hassanabad Z, Tasker RA. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) Activation Confers Functional Neuroprotection in Global Ischemia. Neurotox Res 2010; 19:462-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-010-9201-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 05/17/2010] [Accepted: 05/20/2010] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Walters MW, Wallace KB. Urea cycle gene expression is suppressed by PFOA treatment in rats. Toxicol Lett 2010; 197:46-50. [PMID: 20452409 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2010.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2010] [Accepted: 04/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), with an array of industrial uses, is one of the most common perfluoroalkyl acids. Resistance to biological degradation and a global distribution are characteristics that have caused PFOA to become a frequent subject of toxicological studies. PFOA treatment in rodents causes peroxisome proliferation, mitochondrial biogenesis, and transactivation of PPARs. Prior work has shown urea cycle gene expression to be reduced in mice by another PPARalpha ligand, WY14643. In light of these findings, the aim of our investigation was to determine if PFOA treatment in rats alters expression of genes responsible for ureogenesis. 30 mg/kg of PFOA was administered to adult male Sprague-Dawley rats via oral gavage for 28 days and their livers were harvested. Gene transcription was measured using real time PCR and protein expression was determined through western blotting. We observed a decrease in mRNA for the coordinately expressed urea cycle genes Cps1, Ass1, and Asl; mRNA of the ammonia generating Gls2 was also reduced. Protein amounts for CPS1, ASS1, and OTC were all decreased in the PFOA treated rats, and interestingly there was an increase in the amount of S133 phosphorylated CREB, which is a regulator of urea cycle gene transcription. We conclude that the transactivation of PPARalpha by PFOA leads to a metabolic shift that favors the catabolism of lipids over proteins, thereby suppressing urea cycle gene expression. Our findings provide further evidence of the effect of PFOA on intermediary metabolism in rodents and add valuable information in assessing the potential risks of PFOA exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Walters
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, United States.
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