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Ferrannini E, Manca ML, Ferrannini G, Andreotti F, Andreini D, Latini R, Magnoni M, Williams SA, Maseri A, Maggioni AP. Differential Proteomics of Cardiovascular Risk and Coronary Artery Disease in Humans. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 8:790289. [PMID: 35187107 PMCID: PMC8855064 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.790289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundProteomics of atypical phenotypes may help unravel cardiovascular disease mechanisms.AimWe aimed to prospectively screen the proteome of four types of individuals: with or without coronary artery disease (CAD), each with or without multiple risk factors. Associations with individual risk factors and circulating biomarkers were also tested to provide a functional context to the protein hits.Materials and MethodsThe CAPIRE study (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02157662) is a cross-sectional study aimed at identifying possible new mechanisms promoting or protecting against atherothrombosis. Quantification (by aptamer technology), ranking (using partial least squares), and correlations (by multivariate regression) of ~5000 plasma proteins were performed in consecutive individuals aged 45–75 years, without previous cardiovascular disease, undergoing computed tomography angiography for suspected CAD, showing either >5/16 atherosclerotic segments (CAD+) or completely clean arteries (CAD−) and either ≤ 1 risk factor (RF+) or ≥3 risk factors (RF−) (based on history, blood pressure, glycemia, lipids, and smoking).ResultsOf 544 individuals, 39% were atypical (93 CAD+/RF−; 120 CAD−/RF+) and 61% typical (102 CAD+/RF+; 229 CAD−/RF−). In the comparison with CAD+/RF− adjusted for sex and age, CAD−/RF+ was associated with increased atrial myosin regulatory light chain 2 (MYO) and C-C motif chemokine-22 (C-C-22), and reduced protein shisa-3 homolog (PS-3) and platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH). Extending the analysis to the entire cohort, an additional 8 proteins were independently associated with CAD or RF; by logistic regression, the 12-protein panel alone discriminated the four groups with AUCROC's of 0.72–0.81 (overall p = 1.0e−38). Among them, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 is positively associated with RF, lower BMI, and HDL-cholesterol, renin with CAD higher glycated hemoglobin HbA1c, and smoking.ConclusionsIn a CCTA-based cohort, four proteins, involved in opposing vascular processes (healing vs. adverse remodeling), are specifically associated with low CAD burden in high CV-risk individuals (high MYO and C-C-22) and high CAD burden in low-risk subjects (high PS-3 and PAF-AH), in interaction with BMI, smoking, diabetes, HDL-cholesterol, and HbA1c. These findings could contribute to a deeper understanding of the atherosclerotic process beyond traditional risk profile assessment and potentially constitute new treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ele Ferrannini
- Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche (CNR) Institute of Clinical Physiology, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Ele Ferrannini
| | - Maria Laura Manca
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giulia Ferrannini
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Felicita Andreotti
- Institute of Cardiology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Gemelli, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Daniele Andreini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Cardiovascular Section, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Roberto Latini
- Mario Negri Institute of Pharmacological Research-Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Magnoni
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Ospedale San Raffaele and Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Stephen A. Williams
- Clinical Research and Development, SomaLogic Inc., Boulder, CO, United States
| | | | - Aldo P. Maggioni
- Associazione Nazionale Medici Cardiologi Ospedalieri (ANMCO) Research Center, Heart Care Foundation, Florence, Italy
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Mahmoodzadeh S, Koch K, Schriever C, Xu J, Steinecker M, Leber J, Dworatzek E, Purfürst B, Kunz S, Recchia D, Canepari M, Heuser A, Di Francescantonio S, Morano I. Age-related decline in murine heart and skeletal muscle performance is attenuated by reduced Ahnak1 expression. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:1249-1265. [PMID: 34212535 PMCID: PMC8517348 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aging is associated with a progressive reduction in cellular function leading to poor health and loss of physical performance. Mitochondrial dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of aging; hence, interventions targeting mitochondrial dysfunction have the potential to provide preventive and therapeutic benefits to elderly individuals. Meta-analyses of age-related gene expression profiles showed that the expression of Ahnak1, a protein regulating several signal-transduction pathways including metabolic homeostasis, is increased with age, which is associated with low VO2MAX and poor muscle fitness. However, the role of Ahnak1 in the aging process remained unknown. Here, we investigated the age-related role of Ahnak1 in murine exercise capacity, mitochondrial function, and contractile function of cardiac and skeletal muscles. METHODS We employed 15- to 16-month-old female and male Ahnak1-knockout (Ahnak1-KO) and wild-type (WT) mice and performed morphometric, biochemical, and bioenergetics assays to evaluate the effects of Ahnak1 on exercise capacity and mitochondrial morphology and function in cardiomyocytes and tibialis anterior (TA) muscle. A human left ventricular (LV) cardiomyocyte cell line (AC16) was used to investigate the direct role of Ahnak1 in cardiomyocytes. RESULTS We found that the level of Ahnak1 protein is significantly up-regulated with age in the murine LV (1.9-fold) and TA (1.8-fold) tissues. The suppression of Ahnak1 was associated with improved exercise tolerance, as all aged adult Ahnak1-KO mice (100%) successfully completed the running programme, whereas approximately 31% male and 8% female WT mice could maintain the required running speed and distance. Transmission electron microscopic studies showed that LV and TA tissue specimens of aged adult Ahnak1-KO of both sexes have significantly more enlarged/elongated mitochondria and less small mitochondria compared with WT littermates (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively) at basal level. Further, we observed a shift in mitochondrial fission/fusion balance towards fusion in cardiomyocytes and TA muscle from aged adult Ahnak1-KO mice. The maximal and reserve respiratory capacities were significantly higher in cardiomyocytes from aged adult Ahnak1-KO mice compared with the WT counterparts (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01, respectively). Cardiomyocyte contractility and fatigue resistance of TA muscles were significantly increased in Ahnak1-KO mice of both sexes, compared with the WT groups. In vitro studies using AC16 cells have confirmed that the alteration of mitochondrial function is indeed a direct effect of Ahnak1. Finally, we presented Ahnak1 as a novel cardiac mitochondrial membrane-associated protein. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that Ahnak1 is involved in age-related cardiac and skeletal muscle dysfunction and could therefore serve as a promising therapeutical target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokoufeh Mahmoodzadeh
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Koch
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Cindy Schriever
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jingman Xu
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Heart Institute, School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Maria Steinecker
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Leber
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Elke Dworatzek
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universitaet Berlin, and Berliner Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina Purfürst
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Severine Kunz
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Deborah Recchia
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Monica Canepari
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Arnd Heuser
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Silvia Di Francescantonio
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité-Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Morano
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
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3
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Banaszkiewicz M, Olejnik A, Krzywonos-Zawadzka A, Hałucha K, Bil-Lula I. Expression of atrial‑fetal light chains in cultured human cardiomyocytes after chemical ischemia‑reperfusion injury. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:770. [PMID: 34490485 PMCID: PMC8430302 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial light chains (ALC1) are naturally present in adult heart atria, while ventricular light chains (VLC1) are predominant in ventricles. Degradation of VLC1 and re-expression of ALC1 in heart ventricles are associated with heart disorders in response to pressure overload. The aim of the current study was to investigate changes in myosin light chain expression after simulated ischemia and simulated reperfusion (sI/sR). Human cardiomyocytes (HCM) isolated from adult heart ventricles were subjected to chemical ischemia. The control group was maintained under aerobic conditions. Myocyte injury was determined by testing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. The gene expression of ALC1, VLC1 and MMP-2 were assessed by reverse transcription-quatitive PCR. Additionally, protein synthesis was measured using ELISA kits and MMP-2 activity was measured by zymography. The results revealed that LDH activity was increased in sI/sR cell-conditioned medium (P=0.02), confirming the ischemic damage of HCM. ALC1 gene expression and content in HCM were also increased in the sI/sR group (P=0.03 and P<0.001, respectively), while VLC1 gene expression after sI/sR was decreased (P=0.008). Furthermore, MMP-2 gene expression and synthesis were lower in the sI/sR group when compared with the aerobic control group (P<0.001 and P=0.03, respectively). MMP-2 activity was also increased in sI/sR cell-conditioned medium (P=0.006). In conclusion, sI/sR treatment led to increased ALC1 and decreased VLC1 expression in ventricular cardiomyocytes, which may constitute an adaptive mechanism to altered conditions and contribute to the improvement of heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Banaszkiewicz
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Haematology, Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50‑556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Olejnik
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Haematology, Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50‑556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Krzywonos-Zawadzka
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Haematology, Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50‑556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Kornela Hałucha
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Haematology, Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50‑556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Bil-Lula
- Division of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Haematology, Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50‑556 Wroclaw, Poland
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4
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Tissue Expression of Atrial and Ventricular Myosin Light Chains in the Mechanism of Adaptation to Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218384. [PMID: 33182231 PMCID: PMC7664899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury induces post-translational modifications of myosin light chains (MLCs), increasing their susceptibility to degradation by matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2). This results in the degradation of ventricular light chains (VLC1) in heart ventricles. The aim of the study was to investigate changes in MLCs content in the mechanism of adaptation to oxidative stress during I/R. Rat hearts, perfused using the Langendorff method, were subjected to I/R. The control group was maintained in oxygen conditions. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) content were measured in coronary effluents. Atrial light chains (ALC1) and ventricular light chains (VLC1) gene expression were examined using RQ-PCR. ALC1 and VLC1 protein content were measured using ELISA tests. MMP-2 activity was assessed by zymography. LDH activity as well as ROS/RNS content in coronary effluents was higher in the I/R group (p = 0.01, p = 0.04, respectively), confirming heart injury due to increased oxidative stress. MMP-2 activity in heart homogenates was also higher in the I/R group (p = 0.04). ALC1 gene expression and protein synthesis were significantly increased in I/R ventricles (p < 0.01, 0.04, respectively). VLC1 content in coronary effluents was increased in the I/R group (p = 0.02), confirming the increased degradation of VLC1 by MMP-2 and probably an adaptive production of ALC1 during I/R. This mechanism of adaptation to oxidative stress led to improved heart mechanical function.
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Yadav S, Sitbon YH, Kazmierczak K, Szczesna-Cordary D. Hereditary heart disease: pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and animal models of HCM, RCM, and DCM associated with mutations in cardiac myosin light chains. Pflugers Arch 2019; 471:683-699. [PMID: 30706179 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-019-02257-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic cardiomyopathies, a group of cardiovascular disorders based on ventricular morphology and function, are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Such genetically driven forms of hypertrophic (HCM), dilated (DCM), and restrictive (RCM) cardiomyopathies are chronic, debilitating diseases that result from biomechanical defects in cardiac muscle contraction and frequently progress to heart failure (HF). Locus and allelic heterogeneity, as well as clinical variability combined with genetic and phenotypic overlap between different cardiomyopathies, have challenged proper clinical prognosis and provided an incentive for identification of pathogenic variants. This review attempts to provide an overview of inherited cardiomyopathies with a focus on their genetic etiology in myosin regulatory (RLC) and essential (ELC) light chains, which are EF-hand protein family members with important structural and regulatory roles. From the clinical discovery of cardiomyopathy-linked light chain mutations in patients to an array of exploratory studies in animals, and reconstituted and recombinant systems, we have summarized the current state of knowledge on light chain mutations and how they induce physiological disease states via biochemical and biomechanical alterations at the molecular, tissue, and organ levels. Cardiac myosin RLC phosphorylation and the N-terminus ELC have been discussed as two important emerging modalities with important implications in the regulation of myosin motor function, and thus cardiac performance. A comprehensive understanding of such triggers is absolutely necessary for the development of target-specific rescue strategies to ameliorate or reverse the effects of myosin light chain-related inherited cardiomyopathies.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/etiology
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Dilated/pathology
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/etiology
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/pathology
- Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive/etiology
- Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive/genetics
- Cardiomyopathy, Restrictive/pathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Humans
- Mutation
- Myosin Light Chains/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Yadav
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave., Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Yoel H Sitbon
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave., Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kazmierczak
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave., Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Danuta Szczesna-Cordary
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1600 NW 10th Ave., Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Ma N, Zhang J, Itzhaki I, Zhang SL, Chen H, Haddad F, Kitani T, Wilson KD, Tian L, Shrestha R, Wu H, Lam CK, Sayed N, Wu JC. Determining the Pathogenicity of a Genomic Variant of Uncertain Significance Using CRISPR/Cas9 and Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Circulation 2018; 138:2666-2681. [PMID: 29914921 PMCID: PMC6298866 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.032273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The progression toward low-cost and rapid next-generation sequencing has uncovered a multitude of variants of uncertain significance (VUS) in both patients and asymptomatic "healthy" individuals. A VUS is a rare or novel variant for which disease pathogenicity has not been conclusively demonstrated or excluded, and thus cannot be definitively annotated. VUS, therefore, pose critical clinical interpretation and risk-assessment challenges, and new methods are urgently needed to better characterize their pathogenicity. METHODS To address this challenge and showcase the uncertainty surrounding genomic variant interpretation, we recruited a "healthy" asymptomatic individual, lacking cardiac-disease clinical history, carrying a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)-associated genetic variant (NM_000258.2:c.170C>A, NP_000249.1:p.Ala57Asp) in the sarcomeric gene MYL3, reported by the ClinVar database to be "likely pathogenic." Human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were derived from the heterozygous VUS MYL3(170C>A) carrier, and their genome was edited using CRISPR/Cas9 to generate 4 isogenic iPSC lines: (1) corrected "healthy" control; (2) homozygous VUS MYL3(170C>A); (3) heterozygous frameshift mutation MYL3(170C>A/fs); and (4) known heterozygous MYL3 pathogenic mutation (NM_000258.2:c.170C>G), at the same nucleotide position as VUS MYL3(170C>A), lines. Extensive assays including measurements of gene expression, sarcomere structure, cell size, contractility, action potentials, and calcium handling were performed on the isogenic iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). RESULTS The heterozygous VUS MYL3(170C>A)-iPSC-CMs did not show an HCM phenotype at the gene expression, morphology, or functional levels. Furthermore, genome-edited homozygous VUS MYL3(170C>A)- and frameshift mutation MYL3(170C>A/fs)-iPSC-CMs lines were also asymptomatic, supporting a benign assessment for this particular MYL3 variant. Further assessment of the pathogenic nature of a genome-edited isogenic line carrying a known pathogenic MYL3 mutation, MYL3(170C>G), and a carrier-specific iPSC-CMs line, carrying a MYBPC3(961G>A) HCM variant, demonstrated the ability of this combined platform to provide both pathogenic and benign assessments. CONCLUSIONS Our study illustrates the ability of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 genome-editing of carrier-specific iPSCs to elucidate both benign and pathogenic HCM functional phenotypes in a carrier-specific manner in a dish. As such, this platform represents a promising VUS risk-assessment tool that can be used for assessing HCM-associated VUS specifically, and VUS in general, and thus significantly contribute to the arsenal of precision medicine tools available in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Ma
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joe Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ilanit Itzhaki
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sophia L. Zhang
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Haodong Chen
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Francois Haddad
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tomoya Kitani
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kitchener D. Wilson
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lei Tian
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rajani Shrestha
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Haodi Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chi Keung Lam
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nazish Sayed
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph C. Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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Wang L, Geist J, Grogan A, Hu LYR, Kontrogianni-Konstantopoulos A. Thick Filament Protein Network, Functions, and Disease Association. Compr Physiol 2018; 8:631-709. [PMID: 29687901 PMCID: PMC6404781 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sarcomeres consist of highly ordered arrays of thick myosin and thin actin filaments along with accessory proteins. Thick filaments occupy the center of sarcomeres where they partially overlap with thin filaments. The sliding of thick filaments past thin filaments is a highly regulated process that occurs in an ATP-dependent manner driving muscle contraction. In addition to myosin that makes up the backbone of the thick filament, four other proteins which are intimately bound to the thick filament, myosin binding protein-C, titin, myomesin, and obscurin play important structural and regulatory roles. Consistent with this, mutations in the respective genes have been associated with idiopathic and congenital forms of skeletal and cardiac myopathies. In this review, we aim to summarize our current knowledge on the molecular structure, subcellular localization, interacting partners, function, modulation via posttranslational modifications, and disease involvement of these five major proteins that comprise the thick filament of striated muscle cells. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:631-709, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Janelle Geist
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alyssa Grogan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Li-Yen R. Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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17β-Estradiol-induced interaction of estrogen receptor α and human atrial essential myosin light chain modulates cardiac contractile function. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 112:1. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Nuclear translocation of the cardiac L-type calcium channel C-terminus is regulated by sex and 17β-estradiol. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 97:226-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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10
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Lindqvist J, Levy Y, Pati-Alam A, Hardeman EC, Gregorevic P, Ochala J. Modulating myosin restores muscle function in a mouse model of nemaline myopathy. Ann Neurol 2016; 79:717-725. [PMID: 26891371 PMCID: PMC4950341 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nemaline myopathy, one of the most common congenital myopathies, is associated with mutations in various genes including ACTA1. This disease is also characterized by various forms/degrees of muscle weakness, with most cases being severe and resulting in death in infancy. Recent findings have provided valuable insight into the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Mutations in ACTA1 directly disrupt binding interactions between actin and myosin, and consequently the intrinsic force-generating capacity of muscle fibers. ACTA1 mutations are also associated with variations in myofiber size, the mechanisms of which have been unclear. In the present study, we sought to test the hypotheses that the compromised functional and morphological attributes of skeletal muscles bearing ACTA1 mutations (1) would be directly due to the inefficient actomyosin complex and (2) could be restored by manipulating myosin expression. METHODS We used a knockin mouse model expressing the ACTA1 His40Tyr actin mutation found in human patients. We then performed in vivo intramuscular injections of recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors harboring a myosin transgene known to facilitate muscle contraction. RESULTS We observed that in the presence of the transgene, the intrinsic force-generating capacity was restored and myofiber size was normal. INTERPRETATION This demonstrates a direct link between disrupted attachment of myosin molecules to actin monomers and muscle fiber atrophy. These data also suggest that further therapeutic interventions should primarily target myosin dysfunction to alleviate the pathology of ACTA1-related nemaline myopathy. Ann Neurol 2016;79:717-725.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Lindqvist
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Yotam Levy
- Centre of Human and Aerospace Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alisha Pati-Alam
- Centre of Human and Aerospace Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Edna C Hardeman
- Neuromuscular and Regenerative Medicine Unit, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Julien Ochala
- Centre of Human and Aerospace Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Huang W, Szczesna-Cordary D. Molecular mechanisms of cardiomyopathy phenotypes associated with myosin light chain mutations. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2015; 36:433-45. [PMID: 26385864 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-015-9423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We discuss here the potential mechanisms of action associated with hypertrophic (HCM) or dilated (DCM) cardiomyopathy causing mutations in the myosin regulatory (RLC) and essential (ELC) light chains. Specifically, we focus on four HCM mutations: RLC-A13T, RLC-K104E, ELC-A57G and ELC-M173V, and one DCM RLC-D94A mutation shown by population studies to cause different cardiomyopathy phenotypes in humans. Our studies indicate that RLC and ELC mutations lead to heart disease through different mechanisms with RLC mutations triggering alterations of the secondary structure of the RLC which further affect the structure and function of the lever arm domain and impose changes in the cross bridge cycling rates and myosin force generation ability. The ELC mutations exert their detrimental effects through changes in the interaction of the N-terminus of ELC with actin altering the cross talk between the thick and thin filaments and ultimately resulting in an altered force-pCa relationship. We also discuss the effect of mutations on myosin light chain phosphorylation. Exogenous myosin light chain phosphorylation and/or pseudo-phosphorylation were explored as potential rescue tools to treat hypertrophy-related cardiac phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrui Huang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Danuta Szczesna-Cordary
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Distinct interactions between actin and essential myosin light chain isoforms. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 449:284-8. [PMID: 24857983 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Binding of the utmost N-terminus of essential myosin light chains (ELC) to actin slows down myosin motor function. In this study, we investigated the binding constants of two different human cardiac ELC isoforms with actin. We employed circular dichroism (CD) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectroscopy to determine structural properties and protein-protein interaction of recombinant human atrial and ventricular ELC (hALC-1 and hVLC-1, respectively) with α-actin as well as α-actin with alanin-mutated ELC binding site (α-actin(ala3)) as control. CD spectroscopy showed similar secondary structure of both hALC-1 and hVLC-1 with high degree of α-helicity. SPR spectroscopy revealed that the affinity of hALC-1 to α-actin (KD=575 nM) was significantly (p<0.01) lower compared with the affinity of hVLC-1 to α-actin (KD=186 nM). The reduced affinity of hALC-1 to α-actin was mainly due to a significantly (p<0.01) lower association rate (kon: 1,018 M(-1)s(-1)) compared with kon of the hVLC-1/α-actin complex interaction (2,908 M(-1)s(-1)). Hence, differential expression of ELC isoforms could modulate muscle contractile activity via distinct α-actin interactions.
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Mahmoodzadeh S, Leber J, Zhang X, Jaisser F, Messaoudi S, Morano I, Furth PA, Dworatzek E, Regitz-Zagrosek V. Cardiomyocyte-specific Estrogen Receptor Alpha Increases Angiogenesis, Lymphangiogenesis and Reduces Fibrosis in the Female Mouse Heart Post-Myocardial Infarction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 5:153. [PMID: 24977106 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7013.1000153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Experimental studies showed that 17β-estradiol (E2) and activated Estrogen Receptors (ER) protect the heart from ischemic injury. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are not well understood. To investigate the role of ER-alpha (ERα) in cardiomyocytes in the setting of myocardial ischemia, we generated transgenic mice with cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of ERα (ERα-OE) and subjected them to Myocardial Infarction (MI). At the basal level, female and male ERα-OE mice showed increased Left Ventricular (LV) mass, LV volume and cardiomyocyte length. Two weeks after MI, LV volume was significantly increased and LV wall thickness decreased in female and male WT-mice and male ERα-OE, but not in female ERα-OE mice. ERα-OE enhanced expression of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis markers (Vegf, Lyve-1), and neovascularization in the peri-infarct area in both sexes. However, attenuated level of fibrosis and higher phosphorylation of JNK signaling pathway could be detected only in female ERα-OE after MI. In conclusion, our study indicates that ERα protects female mouse cardiomyocytes from the sequelae of ischemia through induction of neovascularization in a paracrine fashion and impaired fibrosis, which together may contribute to the attenuation of cardiac remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokoufeh Mahmoodzadeh
- Institute of Gender in Medicine and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Leber
- Institute of Gender in Medicine and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Institute of Gender in Medicine and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | | | | | - Ingo Morano
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Priscilla A Furth
- Departments of Oncology and Medicine and the Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Elke Dworatzek
- Institute of Gender in Medicine and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vera Regitz-Zagrosek
- Institute of Gender in Medicine and Center for Cardiovascular Research, Charité Universitaetsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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Krüger M. Too light to be essential? Insights from FHC-related mutations in essential myosin light chains. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 93:381-2. [PMID: 22266750 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Lossie J, Ushakov DS, Ferenczi MA, Werner S, Keller S, Haase H, Morano I. Mutations of ventricular essential myosin light chain disturb myosin binding and sarcomeric sorting. Cardiovasc Res 2011; 93:390-6. [PMID: 22131351 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvr320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We tested the hypothesis that mutations in the human ventricular essential myosin light chain (hVLC-1) that are associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) affect protein structure, binding to the IQ1 motif of cardiac myosin heavy chain (MYH) and sarcomeric sorting in neonatal cardiomyocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS We employed circular dichroism and surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy to investigate structural properties and protein-protein interactions of a recombinant head-rod fragment of rat cardiac β-MYH (amino acids 664-915) with alanine-mutated IQ2 domain (rβ-MYH(664-915)IQ2(ala4)) and normal or five mutated (M149V, E143K, A57G, E56G, R154H) hVLC-1 forms. Double epitope-tagging competition was used to monitor the intracellular localization of exogenously introduced normal and E56G-mutated (hVLC-1(E56G)) hVLC-1 constructs in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy was applied to map the microenvironment of normal and E56G-mutated hVLC-1 in permeabilized muscle fibres. Affinity of M149V, E143K, A57G, and R154H mutated hVLC-1/rβ-MYH(664-915)IQ2(ala4) complexes was significantly lower compared with the normal hVLC-1/rβ-MYH(664-915)IQ2(ala4) complex interaction. In particular, the E56G mutation induced an ∼30-fold lower MYH affinity. Sorting specificity of E56G-mutated hVLC-1 was negligible compared with normal hVLC-1. Fluorescence lifetime of fibres replaced with hVLC-1(E56G) increased significantly compared with hVLC-1-replaced fibres. CONCLUSION Disturbed myosin binding of mutated hVLC-1 may provide a pathomechanism for the development of HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Lossie
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, Berlin 13125, Germany
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