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Wang Z, Shao L, Cai X, Zhou Y, Hong L, Li S. The potential function of SP1 and CPPED1 in restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention. J Card Surg 2022; 37:5111-5119. [PMID: 36378884 DOI: 10.1111/jocs.17218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Impacts of molecular pathways have been discussed recently on restenosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Hence, this study aimed to explore the impact of calcineurin-like phosphoesterase domain containing 1 (CPPED1) and specificity protein 1 (SP1) on restenosis after PCI. METHODS A carotid balloon injury rat model was established, followed by western blot analysis of SP1 and CPPED1 expression in carotid artery (CA) tissues. After SP1 and CPPED1 were overexpressed, the neointimal hyperplasia and luminal stenosis were assessed. In addition, EPC underwent hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) treatment to construct an endothelial injury cell model. Then, cell proliferation, apoptosis, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and Ca2+ concentration were detected with cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), flow cytometry, Chloromethyl-2'7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (CM-H2DCFDA) penetrant, and Fluo-4 AM staining, respectively. The binding relationship between SP1 and CPPED1 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. RESULTS SP1 and CPPED1 were lowly expressed in the model rats with carotid balloon injury. Mechanistically, SP1 bound to the promoter region of CPPED1 to activate CPPED1 expression. Overexpressing SP1 or CPPED1 lowered neointimal formation and restenosis rate, thus promoting the recovery of carotid balloon injury in rats. Meanwhile, SP1 and CPPED1 upregulation reduced ROS levels, Ca2+ concentration, and apoptosis of EPCs, accompanied by accelerated EPC viability. CONCLUSIONS SP1 or CPPED1 overexpression reduced neointimal formation and restenosis rate in carotid balloon injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Wang
- Department of Elderly Medical, First People's Hospital of Fuzhou, Fuzhou, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Shao
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyong Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxuan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lang Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Sanjun Li
- Department of Cardiology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
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2
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Jiang JF, Zhou ZY, Liu YZ, Wu L, Nie BB, Huang L, Zhang C. Role of Sp1 in atherosclerosis. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9893-9902. [PMID: 35715606 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07516-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Specificity protein (Sp) is a famous family of transcription factors including Sp1, Sp2 and Sp3. Sp1 is the first one of Sp family proteins to be characterized and cloned in mammalian. It has been proposed that Sp1 acts as a modulator of the expression of target gene through interacting with a series of proteins, especially with transcriptional factors, and thereby contributes to the regulation of diverse biological processes. Notably, growing evidence indicates that Sp1 is involved in the main events in the development of atherosclerosis (AS), such as inflammation, lipid metabolism, plaque stability, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) proliferation and endothelial dysfunction. This review is designed to provide useful clues to further understanding roles of Sp1 in the pathogenesis of AS, and may be helpful for the design of novel efficacious therapeutics agents targeting Sp1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Feng Jiang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Yang Zhou
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Zhang Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin-Bin Nie
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
- Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Huang
- Research Laboratory of Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical School, Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Arteriosclerotic Disease, University of South China, 421001, Hengyang, Hunan, People's Republic of China.
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3
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Tang Y, Jia Y, Fan L, Liu H, Zhou Y, Wang M, Liu Y, Zhu J, Pang W, Zhou J. MFN2 Prevents Neointimal Hyperplasia in Vein Grafts via Destabilizing PFK1. Circ Res 2022; 130:e26-e43. [PMID: 35450439 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.122.320846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanical forces play crucial roles in neointimal hyperplasia after vein grafting; yet, our understanding of their influences on vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) activation remains rudimentary. METHODS A cuff mouse model was used to study vein graft hyperplasia. Fifteen percent to 1 Hz uniaxial cyclic stretch (arterial strain), 5% to 1 Hz uniaxial cyclic stretch or a static condition (venous strain) were applied to the cultured VSMCs. Metabolomics analysis, cell proliferation and migration assays, immunoblotting, co-immunoprecipitation, mutagenesis, pull-down and surface plasmon resonance assays were employed to elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms. RESULTS RNA-sequencing in vein grafts and the controls identified changes in metabolic pathways and downregulation of mitochondrial protein MFN2 (mitofusin 2) in the vein grafts. Exposure of VSMCs to 15% stretch resulted in MFN2 downregulation, mitochondrial fragmentation, metabolic shift from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, and cell proliferation and migration, as compared with that to a static condition or 5% stretch. Metabolomics analysis indicated an increased generation of fructose 1,6-bisphosphate, an intermediate in the glycolytic pathway converted by PFK1 (phosphofructokinase 1) from fructose-6-phosphate, in cells exposed to 15% stretch. Mechanistic study revealed that MFN2 physically interacts through its C-terminus with PFK1. MFN2 knockdown or exposure of cells to 15% stretch promoted stabilization of PFK1, likely through interfering the association between PFK1 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21 (E3 ubiquitin ligase tripartite motif [TRIM]-containing protein 21), thus, decreasing the ubiquitin-protease-dependent PFK1 degradation. In addition, study of mechanotransduction utilizing pharmaceutical inhibition indicated that the MFN2 downregulation by 15% stretch was dependent on inactivation of the SP1 (specificity protein 1) and activation of the JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and ROCK (Rho-associated protein kinase). Adenovirus-mediated MFN2 overexpression or pharmaceutical inhibition of PFK1 suppressed the 15% stretch-induced VSMC proliferation and migration and alleviated neointimal hyperplasia in vein grafts. CONCLUSIONS MFN2 is a mechanoresponsive protein that interacts with PFK1 to mediate PFK1 degradation and therefore suppresses glycolysis in VSMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjun Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China. (Y.T., Y.J., L.F., H.L., Y.L., J.Z., W.P., J.Z.).,(Hemorheology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China. (Y.T., Y.J., L.F., H.L., Y.L., J.Z., W.P., J.Z.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Y.T., Y.J., L.F., H.L., Y.Z., Y.L., J. Zhu, J. Zhou).,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides (Y.T., L.F., H.L., Y.L., J. Zhu, J. Zhou).,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, China (Y.T., L.F., H.L., Y.L., J. Zhu, J. Zhou)
| | - Yiting Jia
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China. (Y.T., Y.J., L.F., H.L., Y.L., J.Z., W.P., J.Z.).,(Hemorheology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China. (Y.T., Y.J., L.F., H.L., Y.L., J.Z., W.P., J.Z.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Y.T., Y.J., L.F., H.L., Y.Z., Y.L., J. Zhu, J. Zhou)
| | - Linwei Fan
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China. (Y.T., Y.J., L.F., H.L., Y.L., J.Z., W.P., J.Z.).,(Hemorheology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China. (Y.T., Y.J., L.F., H.L., Y.L., J.Z., W.P., J.Z.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Y.T., Y.J., L.F., H.L., Y.Z., Y.L., J. Zhu, J. Zhou).,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides (Y.T., L.F., H.L., Y.L., J. Zhu, J. Zhou).,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, China (Y.T., L.F., H.L., Y.L., J. Zhu, J. Zhou)
| | - Han Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China. (Y.T., Y.J., L.F., H.L., Y.L., J.Z., W.P., J.Z.).,(Hemorheology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China. (Y.T., Y.J., L.F., H.L., Y.L., J.Z., W.P., J.Z.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Y.T., Y.J., L.F., H.L., Y.Z., Y.L., J. Zhu, J. Zhou).,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides (Y.T., L.F., H.L., Y.L., J. Zhu, J. Zhou).,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, China (Y.T., L.F., H.L., Y.L., J. Zhu, J. Zhou)
| | - Yuan Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China. (Y.T., Y.J., L.F., H.L., Y.L., J.Z., W.P., J.Z.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Y.T., Y.J., L.F., H.L., Y.Z., Y.L., J. Zhu, J. Zhou).,Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China (Y.Z.)
| | - Miao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. (M.W.).,Clinical Pharmacology Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. (M.W.)
| | - Yuefeng Liu
- (Hemorheology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China. (Y.T., Y.J., L.F., H.L., Y.L., J.Z., W.P., J.Z.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Y.T., Y.J., L.F., H.L., Y.Z., Y.L., J. Zhu, J. Zhou).,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides (Y.T., L.F., H.L., Y.L., J. Zhu, J. Zhou).,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, China (Y.T., L.F., H.L., Y.L., J. Zhu, J. Zhou)
| | - Juanjuan Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China. (Y.T., Y.J., L.F., H.L., Y.L., J.Z., W.P., J.Z.).,(Hemorheology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China. (Y.T., Y.J., L.F., H.L., Y.L., J.Z., W.P., J.Z.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Y.T., Y.J., L.F., H.L., Y.Z., Y.L., J. Zhu, J. Zhou).,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides (Y.T., L.F., H.L., Y.L., J. Zhu, J. Zhou).,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, China (Y.T., L.F., H.L., Y.L., J. Zhu, J. Zhou)
| | - Wei Pang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China. (Y.T., Y.J., L.F., H.L., Y.L., J.Z., W.P., J.Z.).,(Hemorheology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China. (Y.T., Y.J., L.F., H.L., Y.L., J.Z., W.P., J.Z.)
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China. (Y.T., Y.J., L.F., H.L., Y.L., J.Z., W.P., J.Z.).,(Hemorheology Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China. (Y.T., Y.J., L.F., H.L., Y.L., J.Z., W.P., J.Z.).,Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Science, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China (Y.T., Y.J., L.F., H.L., Y.Z., Y.L., J. Zhu, J. Zhou).,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Molecular Biology and Regulatory Peptides (Y.T., L.F., H.L., Y.L., J. Zhu, J. Zhou).,Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Receptors Research, Peking University, China (Y.T., L.F., H.L., Y.L., J. Zhu, J. Zhou)
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4
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Rodriguez EA. GATA2 promotes human vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation via mitofusin2- mediated Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. New target in vascular medicine. Int J Cardiol 2022; 353:86-87. [PMID: 35120945 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Alfonso Rodriguez
- Department of Hemodynamics and Interventional Cardiology, Institute of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery, Havana, Cuba.
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5
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Wang Z, Wang H, Wu Q, Chen Y, Liu J, Liu Y, Sun D, Chen W. GATA2 promotes human vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation via mitofusin2-mediated Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway. Int J Cardiol 2022; 346:62-70. [PMID: 34774887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zuoguang Wang
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Wu
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyu Chen
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Jielin Liu
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Dongdong Sun
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wenli Chen
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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6
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Zhang LY, Lin RT, Chen HR, Yang YC, Lin MF, Tian LG, Pan ZQ, Lin L, Zhu LL, Gu ZJ, Chen XW, Li YJ, Chen S, Cai SY. High Glucose Activated Cardiac Fibroblasts by a Disruption of Mitochondria-Associated Membranes. Front Physiol 2021; 12:724470. [PMID: 34483973 PMCID: PMC8416471 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.724470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is evident even in the situation without a significant cardiomyocyte loss in diabetic cardiomyopathy and a high glucose (HG) level independently activates the cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and promotes cell proliferation. Mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis, which are key for cell proliferation and the mitochondria-associated membranes (MAMs), are critically involved in this process. However, the roles and the underlying mechanism of MAMs in the proliferation of HG-induced CFs are largely unknown. The proliferation and apoptosis of CFs responding to HG treatment were evaluated. The MAMs were quantified, and the mitochondrial respiration and cellular glycolytic levels were determined using the Seahorse XF analyzer. The changes of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and mitofusin-2 (MFN2) in responding to HG were also determined, the effects of which on cell proliferation, MAMs, and mitochondrial respiration were assessed. The effects of STAT3 on MFN2 transcription was determined by the dual-luciferase reporter assay (DLRA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP). HG-induced CFs proliferation increased the glycolytic levels and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production, while mitochondrial respiration was inhibited. The MAMs and MFN2 expressions were significantly reduced on the HG treatment, and the restoration of MFN2 expression counteracted the effects of HG on cell proliferation, mitochondrial respiration of the MAMs, glycolytic levels, and ATP production. The mitochondrial STAT3 contents were not changed by HG, but the levels of phosphorylated STAT3 and nuclear STAT3 were increased. The inhibition of STAT3 reversed the reduction of MFN2 levels induced by HG. The DLRA and CHIP directly demonstrated the negative regulation of MFN2 by STAT3 at the transcription levels via interacting with the sequences in the MFN2 promoter region locating at about −400 bp counting from the start site of transcription. The present study demonstrated that the HG independently induced CFs proliferation via promoting STAT3 translocation to the nucleus, which switched the mitochondrial respiration to glycolysis to produce ATP by inhibiting MAMs in an MFN2-depression manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yu Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Rui-Ting Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Hao-Ran Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Yong-Cong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Meng-Fei Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Lei-Gang Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Zhi-Qiong Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Liang-Liang Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Zhen-Jie Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Xue-Wen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Yu-Jing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Shi-Yun Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
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7
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Helfenberger KE, Castillo AF, Mele PG, Fiore A, Herrera L, Finocchietto P, Podestá EJ, Poderoso C. Angiotensin II stimulation promotes mitochondrial fusion as a novel mechanism involved in protein kinase compartmentalization and cholesterol transport in human adrenocortical cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 192:105413. [PMID: 31202858 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In steroid-producing cells, cholesterol transport from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membrane is the first and rate-limiting step for the synthesis of all steroid hormones. Cholesterol can be transported into mitochondria by specific mitochondrial protein carriers like the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR). StAR is phosphorylated by mitochondrial ERK in a cAMP-dependent transduction pathway to achieve maximal steroid production. Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that undergo replication, mitophagy and morphology changes, all processes allowed by mitochondrial fusion and fission, known as mitochondrial dynamics. Mitofusin (Mfn) 1 and 2 are GTPases involved in the regulation of fusion, while dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is the major regulator of mitochondrial fission. Despite the role of mitochondrial dynamics in neurological and endocrine disorders, little is known about fusion/fission in steroidogenic tissues. In this context, the present work aimed to study the role of angiotensin II (Ang II) in protein subcellular compartmentalization, mitochondrial dynamics and the involvement of this process in the regulation of aldosterone synthesis. We demonstrate here that Ang II stimulation promoted the recruitment and activation of PKCε, ERK and its upstream kinase MEK to the mitochondria, all of them essential for steroid synthesis. Moreover, Ang II prompted a shift from punctate to tubular/elongated (fusion) mitochondrial shape, in line with the observation of hormone-dependent upregulation of Mfn2 levels. Concomitantly, mitochondrial Drp1 was diminished, driving mitochondria toward fusion. Moreover, Mfn2 expression is required for StAR, ERK and MEK mitochondrial localization and ultimately for aldosterone synthesis. Collectively, this study provides fresh insights into the importance of hormonal regulation in mitochondrial dynamics as a novel mechanism involved in aldosterone production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia E Helfenberger
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Paraguay 2155 5th floor, C1121ABG, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana F Castillo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Paraguay 2155 5th floor, C1121ABG, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo G Mele
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Paraguay 2155 5th floor, C1121ABG, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana Fiore
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Paraguay 2155 5th floor, C1121ABG, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucía Herrera
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Paraguay 2155 5th floor, C1121ABG, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paola Finocchietto
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Hospital de Clínicas "José de San Martín", Laboratorio del Metabolismo del Oxígeno, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1121ABJ, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ernesto J Podestá
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Paraguay 2155 5th floor, C1121ABG, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia Poderoso
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Bioquímica Humana, Paraguay 2155 5th floor, C1121ABG, Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (INBIOMED), Ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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8
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Bucha S, Mukhopadhyay D, Bhattacharyya NP. E2F1 activates MFN2 expression by binding to the promoter and decreases mitochondrial fission and mitophagy in HeLa cells. FEBS J 2019; 286:4525-4541. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.14980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Bucha
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics HBNI Kolkata India
| | - Debashis Mukhopadhyay
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics HBNI Kolkata India
| | - Nitai Pada Bhattacharyya
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics HBNI Kolkata India
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9
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Duraisamy AJ, Mohammad G, Kowluru RA. Mitochondrial fusion and maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis in diabetic retinopathy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1865:1617-1626. [PMID: 30922813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic in structure, and undergo continuous fusion-fission to maintain their homeostasis. In diabetes, retinal mitochondria are swollen, their membrane is damaged and mitochondrial fusion protein, mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), is decreased. DNA methylation machinery is also activated and methylation status of genes implicated in mitochondrial damage and biogenesis is altered. This study aims to investigate the role of mitochondrial fusion in the development of diabetic retinopathy, and to illustrate the molecular mechanism responsible for Mfn2 suppression. Using human retinal endothelial cells, manipulated for Mfn2, we investigated the role of fusion in mitochondrial structural and functional damage in diabetes. The molecular mechanism of its suppression in diabetic milieu was determined by investigating Mfn2 promoter DNA methylation, and confirmed using molecular and pharmacological inhibitors of DNA methylation. Similar studies were performed in the retinal microvasculature (prepared by hypotonic shock method) of diabetic rats, and human donors with documented diabetic retinopathy. Overexpression of Mfn2 prevented glucose-induced increase in mitochondrial fragmentation, decrease in complex III activity and increase in membrane permeability, mtDNA damage and apoptosis. High glucose hypermethylated Mfn2 promoter and decreased transcription factor (SP1) binding, and Dnmt inhibition protected Mfn2 promoter from these changes. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, intravitreal administration of Dnmt1-siRNA attenuated Mfn2 promoter hypermethylation and restored its expression. Human donors with diabetic retinopathy confirmed Mfn2 promoter DNA hypermethylation. Thus, regulating Mfn2 and its epigenetic modifications by molecular/pharmacological means will protect mitochondrial homeostasis in diabetes, and could attenuate the development of retinopathy in diabetic patients.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Animals
- Cell Line
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1/genetics
- DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1/metabolism
- DNA Methylation
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/pathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/pathology
- Diabetic Retinopathy/genetics
- Diabetic Retinopathy/metabolism
- Diabetic Retinopathy/pathology
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- GTP Phosphohydrolases/genetics
- GTP Phosphohydrolases/metabolism
- Homeostasis/genetics
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mitochondria/genetics
- Mitochondria/metabolism
- Mitochondria/pathology
- Mitochondrial Dynamics
- Mitochondrial Proteins/genetics
- Mitochondrial Proteins/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Retina/metabolism
- Retina/pathology
- Signal Transduction
- Sp1 Transcription Factor/genetics
- Sp1 Transcription Factor/metabolism
- Streptozocin/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- Arul J Duraisamy
- Kresge Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Visual & Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Ghulam Mohammad
- Kresge Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Visual & Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Renu A Kowluru
- Kresge Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Visual & Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America.
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10
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Yu F, Xu T, Wang M, Chang W, Li P, Wang J. Function and regulation of mitofusin 2 in cardiovascular physiology and pathology. Eur J Cell Biol 2018; 97:474-482. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2018.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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11
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Association of mitofusin 2 methylation and essential hypertension: a case-control study in a Chinese population. Hypertens Res 2018; 41:605-613. [DOI: 10.1038/s41440-018-0057-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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12
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Li Y, Dong W, Shan X, Hong H, Liu Y, Liu Y, Liu X, Zhang X, Zhang J. The anti-tumor effects of Mfn2 in breast cancer are dependent on promoter DNA methylation, the P21 Ras motif and PKA phosphorylation site. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:8011-8018. [PMID: 29731912 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) is expressed in numerous human tissues and serves a pivotal role in cell proliferation. However, Mfn2 is considered as an anti-tumor gene, and is silenced in human malignant tumors, including those of breast cancer. However, the mechanisms contributing to Mfn2 silencing and the mechanism of its anti-tumor function in breast cancer remain unclear. In the present study, hypoexpression of Mfn2, and hypermethylation of its promoter, was confirmed in human breast cancer cells and in breast cancer tissues by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and methylation specific PCR, respectively. Chemical demethylation treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine upregulated the mRNA expression level of Mfn2 in MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, overexpression of Mfn2 repressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of MCF-7 cells, mediated by inhibition of the Ras-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 signaling pathway. However, overexpression of Mfn2 with deletion of the p21Ras motif (Mfn2ΔRas) and protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation site (Mfn2ΔPKA) partially reduced the anti-tumor function of Mfn2, and inhibited the Ras-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Taken together, the present study confirmed the anti-tumor effects of Mfn2 in human breast cancer and clarified that the mechanism of its anti-tumor functions includes promoter DNA methylation, the P21Ras binding site and PKA phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Li
- The Cancer Institute, Affiliated Tangshan People's Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063001, P.R. China
| | - Wenyue Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Tangshan People's Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063001, P.R. China
| | - Xijin Shan
- Department of Surgery, Rizhao Port Hospital, Rizhao, Shandong 276800, P.R. China
| | - Hui Hong
- Department of Head, Neck and Breast Surgery, Shangrao People's Hospital, Shangrao, Jiangxi 334000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Yankun Liu
- The Cancer Institute, Affiliated Tangshan People's Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Tangshan People's Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063001, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliated Zunhua People's Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Zunhua, Hebei 064200, P.R. China
| | - Jinghua Zhang
- The Cancer Institute, Affiliated Tangshan People's Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei 063001, P.R. China
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13
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Hwang JS, Ham SA, Yoo T, Lee WJ, Paek KS, Lee CH, Seo HG. Sirtuin 1 Mediates the Actions of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor δ on the Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein-Triggered Migration and Proliferation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 90:522-529. [PMID: 27573670 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.104679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) has been implicated in vascular pathophysiology. However, its functions in atherogenic changes of the vascular wall have not been fully elucidated. PPARδ activated by GW501516 (2-[2-methyl-4-[[4-methyl-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]methylsulfanyl]phenoxy]acetic acid) significantly inhibited the migration and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) triggered by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). These GW501516-mediated effects were significantly reversed by PPARδ-targeting small-interfering RNA (siRNA), indicating that PPARδ is involved in the action of GW501516. The antiproliferative effect of GW501516 was directly linked to cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 to S phase transition, which was followed by the down-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 along with increased levels of p21 and p53. In VSMCs treated with GW501516, the expression of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) mRNA and protein was time-dependently increased. This GW501516-mediated up-regulation of SIRT1 expression was also demonstrated even in the presence of oxLDL. In addition, GW501516-dependent inhibition of oxLDL-triggered migration and proliferation of VSMCs was almost completely abolished in the presence of SIRT1-targeting siRNA. These effects of GW501516 on oxLDL-triggered phenotypic changes of VSMCs were also demonstrated via activation or inhibition of SIRT1 activity by resveratrol or sirtinol, respectively. Finally, gain or loss of SIRT1 function imitated the action of PPARδ on oxLDL-triggered migration and proliferation of VSMCs. Taken together, these observations indicate that PPARδ-dependent up-regulation of SIRT1 contributes to the antiatherogenic activities of PPARδ by suppressing the migration and proliferation of VSMCs linked to vascular diseases such as restenosis and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Seok Hwang
- College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul (J.S.H., S.A.H., T.Y., W.J.L., C.-H.L., H.G.S.); Department of Nursing, Semyung University, Jecheon (K.S.P.), South Korea
| | - Sun Ah Ham
- College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul (J.S.H., S.A.H., T.Y., W.J.L., C.-H.L., H.G.S.); Department of Nursing, Semyung University, Jecheon (K.S.P.), South Korea
| | - Taesik Yoo
- College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul (J.S.H., S.A.H., T.Y., W.J.L., C.-H.L., H.G.S.); Department of Nursing, Semyung University, Jecheon (K.S.P.), South Korea
| | - Won Jin Lee
- College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul (J.S.H., S.A.H., T.Y., W.J.L., C.-H.L., H.G.S.); Department of Nursing, Semyung University, Jecheon (K.S.P.), South Korea
| | - Kyung Shin Paek
- College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul (J.S.H., S.A.H., T.Y., W.J.L., C.-H.L., H.G.S.); Department of Nursing, Semyung University, Jecheon (K.S.P.), South Korea
| | - Chi-Ho Lee
- College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul (J.S.H., S.A.H., T.Y., W.J.L., C.-H.L., H.G.S.); Department of Nursing, Semyung University, Jecheon (K.S.P.), South Korea
| | - Han Geuk Seo
- College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul (J.S.H., S.A.H., T.Y., W.J.L., C.-H.L., H.G.S.); Department of Nursing, Semyung University, Jecheon (K.S.P.), South Korea
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14
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Caracausi M, Piovesan A, Vitale L, Pelleri MC. Integrated Transcriptome Map Highlights Structural and Functional Aspects of the Normal Human Heart. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:759-770. [PMID: 27345625 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A systematic meta-analysis of the available gene expression profiling datasets for the whole normal human heart generated a quantitative transcriptome reference map of this organ. Transcriptome Mapper (TRAM) software integrated 32 gene expression profile datasets from different sources returning a reference value of expression for each of the 43,360 known, mapped transcripts assayed by any of the experimental platforms used in this regard. Main findings include the visualization at the gene and chromosomal levels of the classical description of the basic histology and physiology of the heart, the identification of suitable housekeeping reference genes, the analysis of stoichiometry of gene products, and the focusing on chromosome 21 genes, which are present in one excess copy in Down syndrome subjects, presenting cardiovascular defects in 30-40% of cases. Independent in vitro validation showed an excellent correlation coefficient (r = 0.98) with the in silico data. Remarkably, heart/non-cardiac tissue expression ratio may also be used to anticipate that effects of mutations will most probably affect or not the heart. The quantitative reference global portrait of gene expression in the whole normal human heart illustrates the structural and functional aspects of the whole organ and is a general model to understand the mechanisms underlying heart pathophysiology. J. Cell. Physiol. 232: 759-770, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Caracausi
- Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Allison Piovesan
- Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenza Vitale
- Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Chiara Pelleri
- Unit of Histology, Embryology and Applied Biology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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15
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Li L, Pan ZF, Huang X, Wu BW, Li T, Kang MX, Ge RS, Hu XY, Zhang YH, Ge LJ, Zhu DY, Wu YL, Lou YJ. Junctophilin 3 expresses in pancreatic beta cells and is required for glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2275. [PMID: 27336719 PMCID: PMC5143404 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
It is well accepted that junctophilin (JPHs) isoforms act as a physical bridge linking plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for channel crosstalk in excitable cells. Our purpose is to investigate whether JPHs are involved in the proper communication between Ca(2+) influx and subsequent Ca(2+) amplification in pancreatic beta cells, thereby participating in regulating insulin secretion. The expression of JPH isoforms was examined in human and mouse pancreatic tissues, and JPH3 expression was found in both the beta cells. In mice, knockdown of Jph3 (si-Jph3) in islets decreased glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) accompanied by mitochondrial function impairment. Si-Jph3 lowered the insulin secretory response to Ca(2+) signaling in the presence of glucose, and reduced [Ca(2+)]c transient amplitude triggered by caffeine. Si-Jph3 also attenuated mitofusin 2 expression, thereby disturbing the spatial organization of ER-mitochondria contact in islets. These results suggest that the regulation of GSIS by the KATP channel-independent pathways is partly impaired due to decrease of JPH3 expression in mouse islets. JPH3 also binds to type 2 ryanodine receptors (RyR2) in mouse and human pancreatic tissues, which might contribute to Ca(2+) release amplification in GSIS. This study demonstrates some previously unrecognized findings in pancreatic tissues: (1) JPH3 expresses in mouse and human beta cells; (2) si-Jph3 in mouse primary islets impairs GSIS in vitro; (3) impairment in GSIS in si-Jph3 islets is due to changes in RyR2-[Ca(2+)]c transient amplitude and ER-mitochondria contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- Insititute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang, China
| | - Z-F Pan
- Insititute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - X Huang
- Key Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - B-W Wu
- Insititute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - T Li
- Insititute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - M-X Kang
- Department of General Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - R-S Ge
- The Population Council at the Rockefeller University, New York 10021, NY, USA
- Institute of Reproductive Biomedicine, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - X-Y Hu
- Key Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Y-H Zhang
- Insititute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - L-J Ge
- Insititute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - D-Y Zhu
- Insititute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Y-L Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Y-J Lou
- Insititute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Innovation Team for Stem Cell Translational Medicine of Cardiovascular Disease of Zhejiang Province, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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16
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Torres G, Morales PE, García-Miguel M, Norambuena-Soto I, Cartes-Saavedra B, Vidal-Peña G, Moncada-Ruff D, Sanhueza-Olivares F, San Martín A, Chiong M. Glucagon-like peptide-1 inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell dedifferentiation through mitochondrial dynamics regulation. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 104:52-61. [PMID: 26807480 PMCID: PMC4775317 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a neuroendocrine hormone produced by gastrointestinal tract in response to food ingestion. GLP-1 plays a very important role in the glucose homeostasis by stimulating glucose-dependent insulin secretion, inhibiting glucagon secretion, inhibiting gastric emptying, reducing appetite and food intake. Because of these actions, the GLP-1 peptide-mimetic exenatide is one of the most promising new medicines for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. In vivo treatments with GLP-1 or exenatide prevent neo-intima layer formation in response to endothelial damage and atherosclerotic lesion formation in aortic tissue. Whether GLP-1 modulates vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and proliferation by controlling mitochondrial dynamics is unknown. In this report, we showed that GLP-1 increased mitochondrial fusion and activity in a PKA-dependent manner in the VSMC cell line A7r5. GLP-1 induced a Ser-637 phosphorylation in the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1, and decreased Drp1 mitochondrial localization. GLP-1 inhibited PDGF-BB-induced VSMC migration and proliferation, actions inhibited by overexpressing wild type Drp1 and mimicked by the Drp1 inhibitor Mdivi-1 and by overexpressing dominant negative Drp1. These results show that GLP-1 stimulates mitochondrial fusion, increases mitochondrial activity and decreases PDGF-BB-induced VSMC dedifferentiation by a PKA/Drp1 signaling pathway. Our data suggest that GLP-1 inhibits vascular remodeling through a mitochondrial dynamics-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Torres
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro Estudios Moleculares de la Célula (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Pablo E Morales
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro Estudios Moleculares de la Célula (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marina García-Miguel
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro Estudios Moleculares de la Célula (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ignacio Norambuena-Soto
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro Estudios Moleculares de la Célula (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Benjamín Cartes-Saavedra
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro Estudios Moleculares de la Célula (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Vidal-Peña
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro Estudios Moleculares de la Célula (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - David Moncada-Ruff
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro Estudios Moleculares de la Célula (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernanda Sanhueza-Olivares
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro Estudios Moleculares de la Célula (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra San Martín
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mario Chiong
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDiS), Centro Estudios Moleculares de la Célula (CEMC), Departamento Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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17
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Luchsinger LL, de Almeida MJ, Corrigan DJ, Mumau M, Snoeck HW. Mitofusin 2 maintains haematopoietic stem cells with extensive lymphoid potential. Nature 2016; 529:528-31. [PMID: 26789249 PMCID: PMC5106870 DOI: 10.1038/nature16500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which sustain production of all blood cell lineages, rely on glycolysis for ATP production, yet little attention has been paid to the role of mitochondria. Here we show in mice that the short isoform of a critical regulator of HSCs, Prdm16 (refs 4, 5), induces mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), a protein involved in mitochondrial fusion and in tethering of mitochondria to the endoplasmic reticulum. Overexpression and deletion studies, including single-cell transplantation assays, revealed that Mfn2 is specifically required for the maintenance of HSCs with extensive lymphoid potential, but not, or less so, for the maintenance of myeloid-dominant HSCs. Mfn2 increased buffering of intracellular Ca(2+), an effect mediated through its endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria tethering activity, thereby negatively regulating nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of nuclear factor of activated T cells (Nfat). Nfat inhibition rescued the effects of Mfn2 deletion in HSCs, demonstrating that negative regulation of Nfat is the prime downstream mechanism of Mfn2 in the maintenance of HSCs with extensive lymphoid potential. Mitochondria therefore have an important role in HSCs. These findings provide a mechanism underlying clonal heterogeneity among HSCs and may lead to the design of approaches to bias HSC differentiation into desired lineages after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry L Luchsinger
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Mariana Justino de Almeida
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - David J Corrigan
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Melanie Mumau
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Hans-Willem Snoeck
- Columbia Center for Translational Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
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18
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Abstract
Mitochondria are an essential component of multicellular life - from primitive organisms, to highly complex entities like mammals. The importance of mitochondria is underlined by their plethora of well-characterized essential functions such as energy production through oxidative phosphorylation (OX-PHOS), calcium and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling, and regulation of apoptosis. In addition, novel roles and attributes of mitochondria are coming into focus through the recent years of mitochondrial research. In particular, over the past decade the study of mitochondrial shape and dynamics has achieved special significance, as they are found to impact mitochondrial function. Recent advances indicate that mitochondrial function and dynamics are inter-connected, and maintain the balance between health and disease at a cellular and an organismal level. For example, excessive mitochondrial division (fission) is associated with functional defects, and is implicated in multiple human diseases from neurodegenerative diseases to cancer. In this chapter we examine the recent literature on the mitochondrial dynamics-function relationship, and explore how it impacts on the development and progression of human diseases. We will also highlight the implications of therapeutic manipulation of mitochondrial dynamics in treating various human pathologies.
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Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics, fission and fusion, were first identified in yeast with investigation in heart cells beginning only in the last 5 to 7 years. In the ensuing time, it has become evident that these processes are not only required for healthy mitochondria, but also, that derangement of these processes contributes to disease. The fission and fusion proteins have a number of functions beyond the mitochondrial dynamics. Many of these functions are related to their membrane activities, such as apoptosis. However, other functions involve other areas of the mitochondria, such as OPA1's role in maintaining cristae structure and preventing cytochrome c leak, and its essential (at least a 10 kDa fragment of OPA1) role in mtDNA replication. In heart disease, changes in expression of these important proteins can have detrimental effects on mitochondrial and cellular function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Knowlton
- Molecular & Cellular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Pharmacology Department, University of California, Davis, and The Department of Veteran's Affairs, Northern California VA, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - T T Liu
- Molecular & Cellular Cardiology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Pharmacology Department, University of California, Davis, and The Department of Veteran's Affairs, Northern California VA, Sacramento, California, USA
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Vizcaíno C, Mansilla S, Portugal J. Sp1 transcription factor: A long-standing target in cancer chemotherapy. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 152:111-24. [PMID: 25960131 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sp1 (specificity protein 1) is a well-known member of a family of transcription factors that also includes Sp2, Sp3 and Sp4, which are implicated in an ample variety of essential biological processes and have been proven important in cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and carcinogenesis. Sp1 activates the transcription of many cellular genes that contain putative CG-rich Sp-binding sites in their promoters. Sp1 and Sp3 proteins bind to similar, if not the same, DNA tracts and compete for binding, thus they can enhance or repress gene expression. Evidences exist that the Sp-family of proteins regulates the expression of genes that play pivotal roles in cell proliferation and metastasis of various tumors. In patients with a variety of cancers, high levels of Sp1 protein are considered a negative prognostic factor. A plethora of compounds can interfere with the trans-activating activities of Sp1 and other Sp proteins on gene expression. Several pathways are involved in the down-regulation of Sp proteins by compounds with different mechanisms of action, which include not only the direct interference with the binding of Sp proteins to their putative DNA binding sites, but also promoting the degradation of Sp protein factors. Down-regulation of Sp transcription factors and Sp1-regulated genes is drug-dependent and it is determined by the cell context. The acknowledgment that several of those compounds are safe enough might accelerate their introduction into clinical usage in patients with tumors that over-express Sp1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Vizcaíno
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sylvia Mansilla
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Portugal
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Parc Científic de Barcelona, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain.
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Zorzano A, Claret M. Implications of mitochondrial dynamics on neurodegeneration and on hypothalamic dysfunction. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:101. [PMID: 26113818 PMCID: PMC4461829 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dynamics is a term that encompasses the movement of mitochondria along the cytoskeleton, regulation of their architecture, and connectivity mediated by tethering and fusion/fission. The importance of these events in cell physiology and pathology has been partially unraveled with the identification of the genes responsible for the catalysis of mitochondrial fusion and fission. Mutations in two mitochondrial fusion genes (MFN2 and OPA1) cause neurodegenerative diseases, namely Charcot-Marie Tooth type 2A and autosomal dominant optic atrophy (ADOA). Alterations in mitochondrial dynamics may be involved in the pathophysiology of prevalent neurodegenerative conditions. Moreover, impairment of the activity of mitochondrial fusion proteins dysregulates the function of hypothalamic neurons, leading to alterations in food intake and in energy homeostasis. Here we review selected findings in the field of mitochondrial dynamics and their relevance for neurodegeneration and hypothalamic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Zorzano
- Molecular Medicine Program, Institute of Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) Barcelona, Spain ; Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona, Spain ; CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Claret
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III Barcelona, Spain ; Diabetes and Obesity Research Laboratory, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer Barcelona, Spain
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Zorzano A, Hernández-Alvarez MI, Sebastián D, Muñoz JP. Mitofusin 2 as a driver that controls energy metabolism and insulin signaling. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:1020-31. [PMID: 25567790 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Mitochondrial dynamics is a complex process that impacts on mitochondrial biology. RECENT ADVANCES Recent evidence indicates that proteins participating in mitochondrial dynamics have additional cellular roles. Mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) is a potent modulator of mitochondrial metabolism with an impact on energy metabolism in muscle, liver, and hypothalamic neurons. In addition, Mfn2 is subjected to tight regulation. Hence, factors such as proinflammatory cytokines, lipid availability, or glucocorticoids block its expression, whereas exercise and increased energy expenditure promote its upregulation. CRITICAL ISSUES Importantly, Mfn2 controls cell metabolism and insulin signaling by limiting reactive oxygen species production and by modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress. In this connection, it is critical to understand precisely the molecular mechanisms involved in the global actions of Mfn2. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Future directions should concentrate into the analysis of those mechanisms, and to fully demonstrate that Mfn2 represents a cellular hub that senses the metabolic and hormonal milieu and drives the control of metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Zorzano
- 1 Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona) , Barcelona, Spain
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The relevance of epigenetics to occlusive cerebral and peripheral arterial disease. Clin Sci (Lond) 2015; 128:537-58. [PMID: 25671777 DOI: 10.1042/cs20140491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Athero-thrombosis of the arteries supplying the brain and lower limb are the main causes of stroke and limb loss. New therapies are needed to improve the outcomes of athero-thrombosis. Recent evidence suggests a role for epigenetic changes in the development and progression of ischaemic injury due to atherosclerotic occlusion of peripheral arteries. DNA hypermethylation have been associated with cardiovascular diseases. Histone post-translational modifications have also been implicated in atherosclerosis. Oxidized low-density lipoprotein regulated pro-inflammatory gene expression within endothelial cells is controlled by phosphorylation/acetylation of histone H3 and acetylation of histone H4 for example. There are a number of challenges in translating the growing evidence implicating epigenetics in atherosclerosis to improved therapies for patients. These include the small therapeutic window in conditions such as acute stroke and critical limb ischaemia, since interventions introduced in such patients need to act rapidly and be safe in elderly patients with many co-morbidities. Pre-clinical animal experiments have also reported conflicting effects of some novel epigenetic drugs, which suggest that further in-depth studies are required to better understand their efficacy in resolving ischaemic injury. Effective ways of dealing with these challenges are needed before epigenetic approaches to therapy can be introduced into practice.
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Martorell-Riera A, Segarra-Mondejar M, Muñoz JP, Ginet V, Olloquequi J, Pérez-Clausell J, Palacín M, Reina M, Puyal J, Zorzano A, Soriano FX. Mfn2 downregulation in excitotoxicity causes mitochondrial dysfunction and delayed neuronal death. EMBO J 2014; 33:2388-407. [PMID: 25147362 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201488327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fusion and fission is a dynamic process critical for the maintenance of mitochondrial function and cell viability. During excitotoxicity neuronal mitochondria are fragmented, but the mechanism underlying this process is poorly understood. Here, we show that Mfn2 is the only member of the mitochondrial fusion/fission machinery whose expression is reduced in in vitro and in vivo models of excitotoxicity. Whereas in cortical primary cultures, Drp1 recruitment to mitochondria plays a primordial role in mitochondrial fragmentation in an early phase that can be reversed once the insult has ceased, Mfn2 downregulation intervenes in a delayed mitochondrial fragmentation phase that progresses even when the insult has ceased. Downregulation of Mfn2 causes mitochondrial dysfunction, altered calcium homeostasis, and enhanced Bax translocation to mitochondria, resulting in delayed neuronal death. We found that transcription factor MEF2 regulates basal Mfn2 expression in neurons and that excitotoxicity-dependent degradation of MEF2 causes Mfn2 downregulation. Thus, Mfn2 reduction is a late event in excitotoxicity and its targeting may help to reduce excitotoxic damage and increase the currently short therapeutic window in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Martorell-Riera
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain CELLTEC-UB, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Segarra-Mondejar
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain CELLTEC-UB, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan P Muñoz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanessa Ginet
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jordi Olloquequi
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Manuel Palacín
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Reina
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain CELLTEC-UB, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julien Puyal
- Department of Fundamental Neurosciences, Faculty of Biology and Medicine University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland Clinic of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery University Hospital Center and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonio Zorzano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc X Soriano
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain CELLTEC-UB, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Martin OJ, Lai L, Soundarapandian MM, Leone TC, Zorzano A, Keller MP, Attie AD, Muoio DM, Kelly DP. A role for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 in the control of mitochondrial dynamics during postnatal cardiac growth. Circ Res 2013; 114:626-36. [PMID: 24366168 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.302562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Increasing evidence has shown that proper control of mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission) is required for high-capacity ATP production in the heart. Transcriptional coactivators, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1) α and PGC-1β, have been shown to regulate mitochondrial biogenesis in the heart at the time of birth. The function of PGC-1 coactivators in the heart after birth has been incompletely understood. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to assess the role of PGC-1 coactivators during postnatal cardiac development and in adult hearts in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Conditional gene targeting was used in mice to explore the role of PGC-1 coactivators during postnatal cardiac development and in adult hearts. Marked mitochondrial structural derangements were observed in hearts of PGC-1α/β-deficient mice during postnatal growth, including fragmentation and elongation, associated with the development of a lethal cardiomyopathy. The expression of genes involved in mitochondrial fusion (Mfn1, Opa1) and fission (Drp1, Fis1) was altered in the hearts of PGC-1α/β-deficient mice. PGC-lα was shown to directly regulate Mfn1 gene transcription by coactivating the estrogen-related receptor α on a conserved DNA element. Surprisingly, PGC-1α/β deficiency in the adult heart did not result in evidence of abnormal mitochondrial dynamics or heart failure. However, transcriptional profiling demonstrated that PGC-1 coactivators are required for high-level expression of nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded genes involved in mitochondrial dynamics and energy transduction in the adult heart. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal distinct developmental stage-specific programs involved in cardiac mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ola J Martin
- From the Diabetes and Obesity Research Center, Cardiovascular Pathobiology Program, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, Orlando, FL (O.J.M., L.L., M.M.S., T.C.L., D.P.K.); Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona, Spain (A.Z.); Department de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Facultat de Biologia, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain (A.Z.); CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain (A.Z.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI (M.P.K., A.D.A.); and Departments of Medicine, Pharmacology, and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC (D.M.M.)
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Knowlton AA, Chen L. Regulating a uniter: control of mitofusin 2 expression. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 94:6-7. [PMID: 22362816 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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