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Zhang M, Barroso E, Peña L, Rada P, Valverde ÁM, Wahli W, Palomer X, Vázquez-Carrera M. PPARβ/δ attenuates hepatic fibrosis by reducing SMAD3 phosphorylation and p300 levels via AMPK in hepatic stellate cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 179:117303. [PMID: 39153437 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 08/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)β/δ in hepatic fibrosis remains a subject of debate. Here, we examined the effects of a PPARβ/δ agonist on the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the main effector cells in liver fibrosis, in response to the pro-fibrotic stimulus transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). The PPARβ/δ agonist GW501516 completely prevented glucose intolerance and peripheral insulin resistance, blocked the accumulation of collagen in the liver, and attenuated the expression of inflammatory and fibrogenic genes in mice fed a choline-deficient high-fat diet (CD-HFD). The antifibrogenic effect of GW501516 observed in the livers CD-HFD-fed mice could occur through an action on HSCs since primary HSCs isolated from Ppard-/- mice showed increased mRNA levels of the profibrotic gene Col1a1. Moreover, PPARβ/δ activation abrogated TGF-β1-mediated cell migration (an indicator of cell activation) in LX-2 cells (immortalized activated human HSCs). Likewise, GW501516 attenuated the phosphorylation of the main downstream intracellular protein target of TGF-β1, suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD)3, as well as the levels of the SMAD3 co-activator p300 via the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the subsequent inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2) in LX-2 cells. Overall, these findings uncover a new mechanism by which the activation of AMPK by a PPARβ/δ agonist reduces TGF-β1-mediated activation of HSCs and fibrosis via the reduction of both SMAD3 phosphorylation and p300 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat 08950, Spain
| | - Emma Barroso
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat 08950, Spain.
| | - Lucía Peña
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat 08950, Spain
| | - Patricia Rada
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángela M Valverde
- Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Sols-Morreale (CSIC/UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Walter Wahli
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland; Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore; ToxAlim (Research Center in Food Toxicology), INRAE, UMR1331, Toulouse Cedex F-31300, France
| | - Xavier Palomer
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat 08950, Spain
| | - Manuel Vázquez-Carrera
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08028, Spain; Spanish Biomedical Research Center in Diabetes and Associated Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM)-Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; Pediatric Research Institute-Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat 08950, Spain.
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The Potential Role of PPARs in the Fetal Origins of Adult Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11213474. [PMID: 36359869 PMCID: PMC9653757 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The fetal origins of adult disease (FOAD) hypothesis holds that events during early development have a profound impact on one’s risk for the development of future adult disease. Studies from humans and animals have demonstrated that many diseases can begin in childhood and are caused by a variety of early life traumas, including maternal malnutrition, maternal disease conditions, lifestyle changes, exposure to toxins/chemicals, improper medication during pregnancy, and so on. Recently, the roles of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in FOAD have been increasingly appreciated due to their wide variety of biological actions. PPARs are members of the nuclear hormone receptor subfamily, consisting of three distinct subtypes: PPARα, β/δ, and γ, highly expressed in the reproductive tissues. By controlling the maturation of the oocyte, ovulation, implantation of the embryo, development of the placenta, and male fertility, the PPARs play a crucial role in the transition from embryo to fetus in developing mammals. Exposure to adverse events in early life exerts a profound influence on the methylation pattern of PPARs in offspring organs, which can affect development and health throughout the life course, and even across generations. In this review, we summarize the latest research on PPARs in the area of FOAD, highlight the important role of PPARs in FOAD, and provide a potential strategy for early prevention of FOAD.
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Xiao L, Wang N. PPAR-δ: A key nuclear receptor in vascular function and remodeling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2022; 169:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
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Robles‐Vera I, Visitación N, Toral M, Sánchez M, Romero M, Gómez‐Guzmán M, Yang T, Izquierdo‐García JL, Guerra‐Hernández E, Ruiz‐Cabello J, Raizada MK, Pérez‐Vizcaíno F, Jiménez R, Duarte J. Probiotic
Bifidobacterium breve
prevents DOCA‐salt hypertension. FASEB J 2020; 34:13626-13640. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001532r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Robles‐Vera
- Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) University of Granada Granada Spain
| | - Néstor Visitación
- Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) University of Granada Granada Spain
| | - Marta Toral
- Gene Regulation in Cardiovascular Remodeling and Inflammation Group Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC) Madrid Spain
- CIBER‐Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CiberCV) Madrid Spain
| | - Manuel Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) University of Granada Granada Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada Granada Spain
| | - Miguel Romero
- Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) University of Granada Granada Spain
- CIBER‐Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CiberCV) Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada Granada Spain
| | - Manuel Gómez‐Guzmán
- Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) University of Granada Granada Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada Granada Spain
| | - Tao Yang
- Microbiome Consortium and Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine Department of Physiology and Pharmacology University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences Toledo OH USA
| | | | | | | | - Mohan K. Raizada
- Department of Physiology and Functional Genomics University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Francisco Pérez‐Vizcaíno
- Departamento de Farmacología y Toxicología, Facultad de Medicina Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid Spain
- Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM) Madrid Spain
| | - Rosario Jiménez
- Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) University of Granada Granada Spain
- CIBER‐Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CiberCV) Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada Granada Spain
| | - Juan Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology School of Pharmacy and Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) University of Granada Granada Spain
- CIBER‐Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CiberCV) Madrid Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada Granada Spain
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Zhang Z, Xie X, Yao Q, Liu J, Tian Y, Yang C, Xiao L, Wang N. PPARδ agonist prevents endothelial dysfunction via induction of dihydrofolate reductase gene and activation of tetrahydrobiopterin salvage pathway. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2945-2961. [PMID: 31144304 PMCID: PMC6637045 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) is a hallmark of endothelial dysfunction. A deficiency of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4 ) causes endothelial NOS to produce ROS rather than NO. PPARδ is an emerging target for pharmacological intervention of endothelial dysfunction. Thus, the present study examined the role of PPARδ in the regulation of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), a key enzyme in the BH4 salvage pathway. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Gene expression was measured by using qRT-PCR and western blotting. Biopterins and ROS were determined by using HPLC. NO was measured with fluorescent dye and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Vasorelaxation was measured by Multi Myograph System. KEY RESULTS The PPARδ agonist GW501516 increased DHFR and BH4 levels in endothelial cells (ECs). The effect was blocked by PPARδ antagonist GSK0660. Chromatin immunoprecipitation identified PPAR-responsive elements within the 5'-flanking region of the human DHFR gene. The promoter activity was examined with luciferase assays using deletion reporters. Importantly, DHFR expression was suppressed by palmitic acid (PA, a saturated fatty acid) but increased by docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, a polyunsaturated fatty acid). GSK0660 prevented DHA-induced increased DHFR expression. Conversely, the suppressive effect of PA was mitigated by GW501516. In mouse aortae, GW501516 ameliorated the PA-impaired EDR. However, this vasoprotective effect was attenuated by DHFR siRNA or methotrexate. In EC-specific Ppard knockout mice, GW501516 failed to improve vasorelaxation. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS PPARδ prevented endothelial dysfunction by increasing DHFR and activating the BH4 salvage pathway. These results provide a novel mechanism for the protective roles of PPARδ against vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihui Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Xinya Xie
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Qinyu Yao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Jia Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Ying Tian
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Chunmiao Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Lei Xiao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical SciencesXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Nanping Wang
- The Advanced Institute for Medical SciencesDalian Medical UniversityDalianChina
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Zhang S, Yin Z, Dai F, Wang H, Zhou M, Yang M, Zhang S, Fu Z, Mei Y, Zang M, Xue L. miR‐29a attenuates cardiac hypertrophy through inhibition of PPARδ expression. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:13252-13262. [PMID: 30580435 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Si Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou City Henan Peoples's Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory The Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou City Henan Peoples's Republic of China
| | - Zhongnan Yin
- Biobank, Peking University Third Hospital Beijing Peoples's Republic of China
| | - Fei‐Fei Dai
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou City Henan Peoples's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Medical Research Center Peking University Third Hospital Beijing Peoples's Republic of China
| | - Meng‐Jiao Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou City Henan Peoples's Republic of China
| | - Ming‐Hui Yang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou City Henan Peoples's Republic of China
| | - Shu‐Feng Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The People's Hospital of Henan Province Zhengzhou Henan Peoples's Republic of China
| | - Zhi‐Feng Fu
- Statistics and Actuarial Science Department, Faculty of Science The University of Hong Kong Pok Fu Lam Hong Kong SAR Peoples's Republic of China
| | - Ying‐Wu Mei
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou City Henan Peoples's Republic of China
| | - Ming‐Xi Zang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou City Henan Peoples's Republic of China
| | - Lixiang Xue
- Biobank, Peking University Third Hospital Beijing Peoples's Republic of China
- Medical Research Center Peking University Third Hospital Beijing Peoples's Republic of China
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Roopmani P, Krishnan UM. Harnessing the pleiotropic effects of atorvastatin-fenofibrate combination for cardiovascular stents. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 92:875-891. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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The Role of Nrf2 Signaling in PPAR β/ δ-Mediated Vascular Protection against Hyperglycemia-Induced Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:5852706. [PMID: 30046379 PMCID: PMC6036815 DOI: 10.1155/2018/5852706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia induces oxidative stress and plays a substantial role in the progression of vascular diseases. Here, we demonstrated the potentiality of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)β/δ activation in attenuating high glucose-induced oxidative stress in endothelial cells and diabetic rats, pointing to the involvement of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). HUVECs exposed to high glucose showed increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and upregulated NOX-2, NOX-4, Nrf2, and NQO-1 effects that were significantly reversed by the PPARβ/δ agonists GW0742 and L165041. Both PPARβ/δ agonists, in a concentration-dependent manner, induced transcriptional and protein upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) under low- and high-glucose conditions. All effects of PPARβ/δ agonists were reversed by either pharmacological inhibition or siRNA-based downregulation of PPARβ/δ. These in vitro findings were confirmed in diabetic rats treated with GW0742. In conclusion, PPARβ/δ activation confers vascular protection against hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress by suppressing NOX-2 and NOX-4 expression plus a direct induction of HO-1; with the subsequent downregulation of the Nrf2 pathway. Thus, PPARβ/δ activation could be of interest to prevent the progression of diabetic vascular complications.
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Wu Y, Ruan Y, Shen L, Gong Q. Protective effects of PPAR-γ against pregnancy-induced hypertension by differential ETR expression in rat models. J Cell Biochem 2017; 119:3118-3128. [PMID: 29058764 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of PPAR-γ on rats with pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) by regulating endothelin receptor (ETR). A total of 60 pregnant Wistar rats were selected, and 50 rats were used to establish endotoxin induced PIH rat models. Rats were equally assigned into PIH-NS, PIH-5 mg/kg RM, PIH-10 mg/kg RM, PIH-100 mg/kg ETR, and PIH-200 mg/kg ETR groups, and the rest 10 rats were assigned to a the control group. Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting were used for determining mRNA and protein expressions of PPAR-γ and ETA R, respectively. Protein expression of ET-1 was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results show that On the 22nd day of pregnancy, compared with the PIH-NS group, SBP decreased in other groups, and platelet concentration increased most significantly in the PIH-10 mg/kg RM and PIH-200 mg/kg ETR groups. Compared with the control, PIH-10 mg/kg RM and PIH-200 mg/kg ETR groups, the increase in the expression of ET-1 and ETA R was most significant in the PIH-NS group. Compared with the control and PIH-10 mg/kg RM groups, expression of PPAR-γ was lower in the PIH-NS, PIH-5 mg/kg RM, PIH-100 mg/kg ETR, and PIH-200 mg/kg ETR groups. Compared with the PIH-NS, PIH-100 mg/kg ETR and PIH-200 mg/kg ETR groups, PPAR-γ expression was significantly higher in the PIH-5 mg/kg RM group (all P < 0.05). Based on our findings, we conclude that PPAR-γ activation inhibits ETR expression and reduces the effect of ET-1 on vascular contraction thereby delaying PIH progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wu
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yan Ruan
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lin Shen
- Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qing Gong
- GMU-GIBH Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, P.R. China
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Ajith TA, Jayakumar TG. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in cardiac energy metabolism and cardiovascular disease. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2017; 43:649-58. [PMID: 27115677 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes mainly depend on energy produced from the oxidation of fatty acids and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Shortage of energy or excessive fat accumulation can lead to cardiac disorders. High saturated fat intake and a sedentary life style have a major influence in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), one of the nuclear receptor super family members, play critical role in the metabolism of lipids by regulating their oxidation and storage. Furthermore, they are involved in glucose homeostasis as well. PPARs, mainly alpha (α) and beta/delta (β/δ), have a significant effect on the lipid metabolism and anti-inflammation in endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells, and also in cardiomyocytes. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, mainly tumour necrosis factor-α, released at the site of inflammation in the sub-ECs of coronary arteries can inactivate the PPARs which can eventually lead to decreased energy production in the myocardium. Various synthetic ligands of PPAR-α and β/δ have many favourable effects in modulating the vascular diseases and heart failure. Despite the adverse effects from therapy using PPAR- gamma ligands, several laboratories are now focused on synthesizing partial activators which may combine their beneficial effects with lowering of undesirable side effects. This review discusses the role of isoforms of PPAR in the cardiomyocytes energy balance and CVD. The knowledge will help in the synthesis of ligands for their partial activation in order to render energy balance and protection from CVD.
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Romero M, Toral M, Robles-Vera I, Sánchez M, Jiménez R, O'Valle F, Rodriguez-Nogales A, Pérez-Vizcaino F, Gálvez J, Duarte J. Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator Activator Receptor β/δ Improves Endothelial Dysfunction and Protects Kidney in Murine Lupus. Hypertension 2017; 69:641-650. [PMID: 28242713 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.08655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 11/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Women with systemic lupus erythematosus exhibit a high prevalence of hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and renal injury. We tested whether GW0742, a peroxisome proliferator activator receptor β/δ (PPARβ/δ) agonist, ameliorates disease activity and cardiovascular complications in a female mouse model of lupus. Thirty-week-old NZBWF1 (lupus) and NZW/LacJ (control) mice were treated with GW0742 or with the PPARβ/δ antagonist GSK0660 plus GW0742 for 5 weeks. Blood pressure, plasma double-stranded DNA autoantibodies and cytokines, nephritis, hepatic opsonins, spleen lymphocyte populations, endothelial function, and vascular oxidative stress were compared in treated and untreated mice. GW0742 treatment reduced lupus disease activity, blood pressure, cardiac and renal hypertrophy, splenomegaly, albuminuria, and renal injury in lupus mice, but not in control. GW0742 increased hepatic opsonins mRNA levels in lupus mice and reduced the elevated T, B, Treg, and Th1 cells in spleens from lupus mice. GW0742 lowered the higher plasma concentration of proinflammatory cytokines observed in lupus mice. Aortae from lupus mice showed reduced endothelium-dependent vasodilator responses to acetylcholine and increased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-driven vascular reactive oxygen species production, which were normalized by GW0742 treatment. All these effects of GW0742 were inhibited by PPARβ/δ blockade with GSK0660. Pharmacological activation of PPARβ/δ reduced hypertension, endothelial dysfunction, and organ damage in severe lupus mice, which was associated with reduced plasma antidouble-stranded DNA autoantibodies and anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in target tissues. Our findings identify PPARβ/δ as a promising target for an alternative approach in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus and its associated vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Romero
- From the Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., M.T., I.R.-V., M.S., R.J., A.R.-N., F.P.-V., J.G., J.D.), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine (F.O.), and CIBER-EHD, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) (J.G.), University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Spain (M.R., R.J., F.O., J.G., J.D.); CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.); CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Marta Toral
- From the Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., M.T., I.R.-V., M.S., R.J., A.R.-N., F.P.-V., J.G., J.D.), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine (F.O.), and CIBER-EHD, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) (J.G.), University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Spain (M.R., R.J., F.O., J.G., J.D.); CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.); CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Iñaki Robles-Vera
- From the Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., M.T., I.R.-V., M.S., R.J., A.R.-N., F.P.-V., J.G., J.D.), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine (F.O.), and CIBER-EHD, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) (J.G.), University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Spain (M.R., R.J., F.O., J.G., J.D.); CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.); CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Manuel Sánchez
- From the Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., M.T., I.R.-V., M.S., R.J., A.R.-N., F.P.-V., J.G., J.D.), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine (F.O.), and CIBER-EHD, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) (J.G.), University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Spain (M.R., R.J., F.O., J.G., J.D.); CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.); CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Rosario Jiménez
- From the Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., M.T., I.R.-V., M.S., R.J., A.R.-N., F.P.-V., J.G., J.D.), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine (F.O.), and CIBER-EHD, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) (J.G.), University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Spain (M.R., R.J., F.O., J.G., J.D.); CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.); CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Francisco O'Valle
- From the Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., M.T., I.R.-V., M.S., R.J., A.R.-N., F.P.-V., J.G., J.D.), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine (F.O.), and CIBER-EHD, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) (J.G.), University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Spain (M.R., R.J., F.O., J.G., J.D.); CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.); CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Alba Rodriguez-Nogales
- From the Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., M.T., I.R.-V., M.S., R.J., A.R.-N., F.P.-V., J.G., J.D.), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine (F.O.), and CIBER-EHD, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) (J.G.), University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Spain (M.R., R.J., F.O., J.G., J.D.); CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.); CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Francisco Pérez-Vizcaino
- From the Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., M.T., I.R.-V., M.S., R.J., A.R.-N., F.P.-V., J.G., J.D.), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine (F.O.), and CIBER-EHD, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) (J.G.), University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Spain (M.R., R.J., F.O., J.G., J.D.); CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.); CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Julio Gálvez
- From the Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., M.T., I.R.-V., M.S., R.J., A.R.-N., F.P.-V., J.G., J.D.), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine (F.O.), and CIBER-EHD, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) (J.G.), University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Spain (M.R., R.J., F.O., J.G., J.D.); CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.); CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Juan Duarte
- From the Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., M.T., I.R.-V., M.S., R.J., A.R.-N., F.P.-V., J.G., J.D.), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine (F.O.), and CIBER-EHD, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM) (J.G.), University of Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Spain (M.R., R.J., F.O., J.G., J.D.); CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.); CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias, Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.).
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Toral M, Romero M, Pérez-Vizcaíno F, Duarte J, Jiménez R. Antihypertensive effects of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ activation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 312:H189-H200. [PMID: 27881385 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00155.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors, which is composed of three members encoded by distinct genes: PPARα, PPARβ/δ, and PPARγ. The biological actions of PPARα and PPARγ and their potential as a cardiovascular therapeutic target have been extensively reviewed, whereas the biological actions of PPARβ/δ and its effectiveness as a therapeutic target in the treatment of hypertension remain less investigated. Preclinical studies suggest that pharmacological PPARβ/δ activation induces antihypertensive effects in direct [spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), ANG II, and DOCA-salt] and indirect (dyslipemic and gestational) models of hypertension, associated with end-organ damage protection. This review summarizes mechanistic insights into the antihypertensive effects of PPARβ/δ activators, including molecular and functional mechanisms. Pharmacological PPARβ/δ activation induces genomic actions including the increase of regulators of G protein-coupled signaling (RGS), acute nongenomic vasodilator effects, as well as the ability to improve the endothelial dysfunction, reduce vascular inflammation, vasoconstrictor responses, and sympathetic outflow from central nervous system. Evidence from clinical trials is also examined. These preclinical and clinical outcomes of PPARβ/δ ligands may provide a basis for the development of therapies in combating hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Toral
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco Pérez-Vizcaíno
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid. Spain; and.,Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes). Madrid. Spain
| | - Juan Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Rosario Jiménez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; .,Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
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Activation of PPARβ/δ prevents hyperglycaemia-induced impairment of Kv7 channels and cAMP-mediated relaxation in rat coronary arteries. Clin Sci (Lond) 2016; 130:1823-36. [PMID: 27413020 DOI: 10.1042/cs20160141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PPARβ/δ activation protects against endothelial dysfunction in diabetic models. Elevated glucose is known to impair cAMP-induced relaxation and Kv channel function in coronary arteries (CA). Herein, we aimed to analyse the possible protective effects of the PPARβ/δ agonist GW0742 on the hyperglycaemic-induced impairment of cAMP-induced relaxation and Kv channel function in rat CA. As compared with low glucose (LG), incubation under high glucose (HG) conditions attenuated the relaxation induced by the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin in CA and this was prevented by GW0742. The protective effect of GW0742 was supressed by a PPARβ/δ antagonist. In myocytes isolated from CA under LG, forskolin enhanced Kv currents and induced hyperpolarization. In contrast, when CA were incubated with HG, Kv currents were diminished and the electrophysiological effects of forskolin were abolished. These deleterious effects were prevented by GW0742. The protective effects of GW0742 on forskolin-induced relaxation and Kv channel function were confirmed in CA from type-1 diabetic rats. In addition, the differences in the relaxation induced by forskolin in CA incubated under LG, HG or HG + GW0742 were abolished by the Kv7 channel inhibitor XE991. Accordingly, GW0742 prevented the down-regulation of Kv7 channels induced by HG. Finally, the preventive effect of GW0742 on oxidative stress and cAMP-induced relaxation were overcome by the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4) inhibitor dichloroacetate (DCA). Our results reveal that the PPARβ/δ agonist GW0742 prevents the impairment of the cAMP-mediated relaxation in CA under HG. This protective effect was associated with induction of PDK4, attenuation of oxidative stress and preservation of Kv7 channel function.
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Toral M, Romero M, Jiménez R, Robles-Vera I, Tamargo J, Martínez MC, Pérez-Vizcaíno F, Duarte J. Role of UCP2 in the protective effects of PPARβ/δ activation on lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial dysfunction. Biochem Pharmacol 2016; 110-111:25-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Romero M, Jiménez R, Toral M, León-Gómez E, Gómez-Gúzman M, Sánchez M, Zarzuelo MJ, Rodríguez-Gómez I, Rath G, Tamargo J, Pérez-Vizcaíno F, Dessy C, Duarte J. Vascular and Central Activation of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor-β Attenuates Angiotensin II-Induced Hypertension: Role of RGS-5. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 358:151-63. [PMID: 27189971 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.233106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ (PPARβ) lowers blood pressure in genetic and mineralocorticoid-induced hypertension. Regulator of G-protein-coupled receptor signaling 5 (RGS5) protein, which interferes in angiotensin II (AngII) signaling, is a target gene to PPARβ The aim of the present study was to examine whether PPARβ activation in resistance arteries and brain tissues prevents the elevated blood pressure in AngII-induced hypertension and evaluate the role of RGS5 in this effect. C57BL/6J male mice were divided into five groups (control mice, PPARβ agonist [4-[[[2-[3-Fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-methyl-5-thiazolyl]methyl]thio]-2-methylphenoxy]acetic acid (GW0742)-treated mice AngII-infused mice, GW0742-treated AngII-infused mice, and AngII-infused mice treated with GW0742 plus PPARβ antagonist 3-[[[2-Methoxy-4-(phenylamino)phenyl]amino]sulfonyl]-2-thiophenecarboxylic acid methyl ester (GSK0660)) and were followed for 3 weeks. GW0742 prevented the increase in both arterial blood pressure and plasma noradrenaline levels and the higher reduction of blood pressure after ganglionic blockade, whereas it reduced the mesenteric arterial remodeling and the hyper-responsiveness to vasoconstrictors (AngII and endothelin-1) in AngII-infused mice. These effects were accompanied by an inhibition of NADPH oxidase expression and activity in the brain. Gene expression profiling revealed a marked loss of brainstem and vascular RGS5 in AngII-infused mice, which was restored by GW0742. GW0742-induced effects were abolished by GSK0660. Small interfering RNA targeting RGS5 caused augmented contractile response to AngII in resistance mesenteric arteries and blunted the inhibitory effect of GW0742 on this response. In conclusion, GW0742 exerted antihypertensive effects, restoring sympathetic tone and vascular structure and function in AngII-infused mice by PPARβ activation in brain and vessels inhibiting AngII signaling as a result of RGS5 upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Romero
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Rosario Jiménez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Marta Toral
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Elvira León-Gómez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Manuel Gómez-Gúzman
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Manuel Sánchez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - María José Zarzuelo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Isabel Rodríguez-Gómez
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Geraldine Rath
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Juan Tamargo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Francisco Pérez-Vizcaíno
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Chantal Dessy
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
| | - Juan Duarte
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy (M.R., R.J., M.T., M.G.-G., M.S., M.J.Z., J.D.), and Department of Physiology (I.R.-G.); University of Granada, Granada, Spain; Center for Biomedical Research, Granada, Spain (R.J., J.D.); Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium (E.L.-G., G.R., C.D.); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain (J.T., F.P.-V.); and Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (Ciberes) and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain (F.P.-V.)
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Chronic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorβ/δ agonist GW0742 prevents hypertension, vascular inflammatory and oxidative status, and endothelial dysfunction in diet-induced obesity. J Hypertens 2016; 33:1831-44. [PMID: 26147382 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endothelial dysfunction plays a key role in obesity-induced risk of cardiovascular disease. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of chronic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)β/δ agonist GW0742 treatment on endothelial function in obese mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). METHODS AND RESULTS Five-week-old male mice were allocated to one of the following groups: control, control-treated (GW0742, 3 mg/kg per day, by oral gavage), HFD, HFD + GW0742, HFD + GSK0660 (1 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal) or HFD-GW0742-GSK0660 and followed for 11 or 13 weeks. GW0742 administration to mice fed HFD prevented the gain of body weight, heart and kidney hypertrophy, and fat accumulation. The increase in plasma levels of fasting glucose, glucose tolerance test, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, and triglyceride found in the HFD group was suppressed by GW0742. This agonist increased plasma HDL in HFD-fed mice and restored the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α and adiponectin in fat. GW0742 prevented the impaired nitric oxide-dependent vasodilatation induced by acetylcholine in aortic rings from mice fed HFD. Moreover, GW0742 increased both aortic Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation, and inhibited the increase in caveolin-1/endothelial nitric oxide synthase interaction, ethidium fluorescence, NOX-1, Toll-like receptor 4, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 expression, and IκBα phosphorylation found in aortae from the HFD group. GSK0660 prevented all changes induced by GW0742. CONCLUSION PPARβ/δ activation prevents obesity and exerts protective effects on hypertension and on the early manifestations of atherosclerosis, that is, endothelial dysfunction and the vascular pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory status, in HFD-fed mice.
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Li L, Xie W, Zheng XL, Yin WD, Tang CK. A novel peptide adropin in cardiovascular diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 453:107-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 12/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Koeners MP, Wesseling S, Sánchez M, Braam B, Joles JA. Perinatal Inhibition of NF-KappaB Has Long-Term Antihypertensive and Renoprotective Effects in Fawn-Hooded Hypertensive Rats. Am J Hypertens 2016; 29:123-31. [PMID: 25958302 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpv065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inhibition of transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) is beneficial in various models of hypertension and renal disease. We hypothesized first that NFκB inhibition during renal development ameliorates hereditary hypertensive renal disease and next whether this was mediated via suppression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α). METHODS AND RESULTS Prior to the development of renal injury in fawn-hooded hypertensive (FHH) rats, a model of hypertension, glomerular hyperfiltration, and progressive renal injury, NFkB activity, measured by nuclear protein expression of NFkB subunit p65, was enhanced twofold in 2-day-old male and female FHH kidneys as compared to normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats (P < 0.05). Treating FHH dams with pyrrolidine di thio carbamate (PDTC), an NFκB inhibitor, from 2 weeks before birth to 4 weeks after birth diminished NFkB activity in 2-day-FHH offspring to 2-day-WKY levels (P < 0.01). Perinatal PDTC reduced systolic blood pressure from 20 weeks onwards by on average 25 mm Hg (P < 0.001) and ameliorated proteinuria (P < 0.05) and glomerulosclerosis (P < 0.05). In kidneys of 2-day-, 2-week-, and adult offspring of PDTC-treated FHH dams, PGC-1α was induced on average by 67% (quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR)) suggesting that suppression of this factor by NFkB could be involved in renal damage. Follow-up experiments with perinatal pioglitazone (Pio), a PPARγ agonist, failed to confer persistent antihypertensive or renoprotective effects. CONCLUSIONS Perinatal inhibition of enhanced active renal NFκB in 2-day FHH had persistent antihypertensive and renoprotective effects. However, this was not the case for PPARγ stimulation. NFkB stimulation is therefore involved in renal damage in the FHH model of proteinuric renal disease by pathways other than via PPARγ.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Antihypertensive Agents/therapeutic use
- Blood Pressure/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
- Hypertension, Renal/complications
- Hypertension, Renal/drug therapy
- Hypertension, Renal/genetics
- Hypertension, Renal/metabolism
- Hypertension, Renal/physiopathology
- Hypertension, Renal/prevention & control
- Male
- NF-kappa B/antagonists & inhibitors
- NF-kappa B/biosynthesis
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- Nephritis/genetics
- Nephritis/physiopathology
- Nephritis/prevention & control
- RNA/genetics
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Renal Circulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten P Koeners
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands; School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sebastiaan Wesseling
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands; Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Manuel Sánchez
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Spain
| | - Branko Braam
- Division of Nephrology & Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jaap A Joles
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands;
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Gu X, Li H, Zhu X, Gu H, Chen J, Wang L, Harding P, Xu W. Inverse Correlation Between Plasma Adropin and ET-1 Levels in Essential Hypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015; 94:e1712. [PMID: 26448026 PMCID: PMC4616732 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000001712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adropin is a recently identified bioactive protein that promotes energy homeostasis by affecting glucose and lipid metabolism. Recently, adropin has also been reported to be associated with endothelial dysfunction. Also, ET-1, as a biomarker for endothelial dysfunction, is a key regulator in hypertension. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to detect the relationship between plasma adropin and ET-1 levels in hypertension. A total of 123 participants, diagnosed with primary hypertension on the basis of World Health Organization criteria (systolic blood pressure [SBP] ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mmHg), and 58 normotensive subjects were enrolled in the cross-sectional study from October 2011 to December 2013. All study participants were older than 18 years of age. Adropin and ET-1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). We found that plasma adropin levels were significantly lower in hypertensives compared with controls (3.18 ± 1.00 vs 4.21 ± 1.14 ng/mL, P < 0.001). Plasma ET-1 levels were higher in hypertensives than controls (2.60 ± 1.14 vs 1.54 ± 0.66 pg/mL, P < 0.001). Adropin had a negative correlation with DBP (r = -0.40, P < 0.001), SBP (r = -0.49, P < 0.001), and adjusted for age, body mass index, SBP, DBP, glucose, TC, TG, LDL, and Cr, there was a negative correlation between ET-1 and adropin (r = -0.20, P = 0.04). In multivariate logistic regression analysis of the variables, ET-1 (odds ratio [OR], 3.84; 95% CI, 2.16-6.81; P < 0.001) and adropin (OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.99 -1.0; P < .001) were found to be independent predictors for hypertension.In conclusion, decreased plasma adropin levels are associated with increased blood pressure in hypertension. Adropin is an independent predictor for hypertension, and may influence blood pressure by protecting endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Gu
- From the department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China (XSG, HL, XYZ, HBG, JCC, WTX); School of Medicine, Wayne State University (LCW); and Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (PH)
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20
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Cheang WS, Tian XY, Wong WT, Huang Y. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in cardiovascular diseases: experimental benefits and clinical challenges. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:5512-22. [PMID: 25438608 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors, PPARα, PPARβ/δ and PPARγ, are ligand-activated transcriptional factors belonging to the nuclear receptors superfamily and they are known to play important roles in glucose and lipid metabolism. Experimental studies in animal models of metabolic diseases have also revealed that activation of PPARs protects against the vascular complications of diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction and stroke, through exerting their anti-inflammatory, anti-atherogenic and antioxidant effects. In clinical trials and post-market surveillance, agonists of PPARs have been shown to effectively prevent cardiovascular events. However, adverse effects, particularly for PPARγ agonists, are also observed with the use of investigational PPAR agonists and even some approved drugs. Further exploration of underlying mechanisms is needed to develop novel ways of PPAR activation without causing serious side effects. This article reviews the cardiovascular effects of PPARs, with emphasis on the therapeutic potential of PPAR agonists in combating metabolic vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai San Cheang
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Yu Tian
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Wing Tak Wong
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yu Huang
- Shenzhen Research Institute, Institute of Vascular Medicine and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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21
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Ganss R. Keeping the Balance Right. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2015; 133:93-121. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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22
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Zolezzi JM, Bastías-Candia S, Santos MJ, Inestrosa NC. Alzheimer's disease: relevant molecular and physiopathological events affecting amyloid-β brain balance and the putative role of PPARs. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:176. [PMID: 25120477 PMCID: PMC4112937 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of age-related dementia. With the expected aging of the human population, the estimated morbidity of AD suggests a critical upcoming health problem. Several lines of research are focused on understanding AD pathophysiology, and although the etiology of the disease remains a matter of intense debate, increased brain levels of amyloid-β (Aβ) appear to be a critical event in triggering a wide range of molecular alterations leading to AD. It has become evident in recent years that an altered balance between production and clearance is responsible for the accumulation of brain Aβ. Moreover, Aβ clearance is a complex event that involves more than neurons and microglia. The status of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and choroid plexus, along with hepatic functionality, should be considered when Aβ balance is addressed. Furthermore, it has been proposed that exposure to sub-toxic concentrations of metals, such as copper, could both directly affect these secondary structures and act as a seeding or nucleation core that facilitates Aβ aggregation. Recently, we have addressed peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs)-related mechanisms, including the direct modulation of mitochondrial dynamics through the PPARγ-coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) axis and the crosstalk with critical aging- and neurodegenerative-related cellular pathways. In the present review, we revise the current knowledge regarding the molecular aspects of Aβ production and clearance and provide a physiological context that gives a more complete view of this issue. Additionally, we consider the different structures involved in AD-altered Aβ brain balance, which could be directly or indirectly affected by a nuclear receptor (NR)/PPAR-related mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan M Zolezzi
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Tarapacá Arica, Chile
| | - Sussy Bastías-Candia
- Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Tarapacá Arica, Chile
| | - Manuel J Santos
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Nibaldo C Inestrosa
- Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneración (CARE), Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes (CEBIMA), Universidad de Magallanes Punta Arenas, Chile
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23
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Matsumoto T, Lopes RAM, Taguchi K, Kobayashi T, Tostes RC. Linking the beneficial effects of current therapeutic approaches in diabetes to the vascular endothelin system. Life Sci 2014; 118:129-35. [PMID: 24418002 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.12.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The rising epidemic of diabetes worldwide is of significant concern. Although the ultimate objective is to prevent the development and find a cure for the disease, prevention and treatment of diabetic complications is very important. Vascular complications in diabetes, or diabetic vasculopathy, include macro- and microvascular dysfunction and represent the principal cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Endothelial dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of diabetic vasculopathy. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), an endothelial cell-derived peptide, is a potent vasoconstrictor with mitogenic, pro-oxidative and pro-inflammatory properties that are particularly relevant to the pathophysiology of diabetic vasculopathy. Overproduction of ET-1 is reported in patients and animal models of diabetes and the functional effects of ET-1 and its receptors are also greatly altered in diabetic conditions. The current therapeutic approaches in diabetes include glucose lowering, sensitization to insulin, reduction of fatty acids and vasculoprotective therapies. However, whether and how these therapeutic approaches affect the ET-1 system remain poorly understood. Accordingly, in the present review, we will focus on experimental and clinical evidence that indicates a role for ET-1 in diabetic vasculopathy and on the effects of current therapeutic approaches in diabetes on the vascular ET-1 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
| | - Rheure A M Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Rita C Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical School of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirao Preto, SP 14049-900, Brazil
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