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Chen DX, Lu CH, Na N, Yin RX, Huang F. Endothelial progenitor cell-derived extracellular vesicles: the world of potential prospects for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Cell Biosci 2024; 14:72. [PMID: 38840175 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-024-01255-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have emerged as a predominant threat to human health, surpassing the incidence and mortality rates of neoplastic diseases. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) serve as vital mediators in intercellular communication and material exchange. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), recognized as precursors of vascular endothelial cells (ECs), have garnered considerable attention in recent years due to the potential therapeutic value of their derived extracellular vesicles (EPC-EVs) in the context of CVDs. This comprehensive review systematically explores the origins, characteristics, and functions of EPCs, alongside the classification, properties, biogenesis, and extraction techniques of EVs, with particular emphasis on their protective roles in CVDs. Additionally, we delve into the essential bioactive components of EPC-EVs, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and proteins, analyzing their beneficial effects in promoting angiogenesis, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities, anti-fibrosis, anti-apoptosis, and myocardial regeneration. Furthermore, this review comprehensively investigates the therapeutic potential of EPC-EVs across various CVDs, encompassing acute myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, non-ischemic cardiomyopathies, and diabetic cardiovascular disease. Lastly, we summarize the potential challenges associated with the clinical application of EPC-EVs and outline future directions, aiming to offer a valuable resource for both theoretical insights and practical applications of EPC-EVs in managing CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Xin Chen
- Department of Cardiology & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention & Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Chuang-Hong Lu
- Department of Cardiology & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention & Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Na Na
- Department of Neuroscience, Scripps Research Institute, No.10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Rui-Xing Yin
- Department of Cardiology & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention & Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Feng Huang
- Department of Cardiology & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine in Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases Control and Prevention & Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Cardio-cerebrovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, No. 6 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Modulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Enhanced Therapeutic Utility in Ischemic Vascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010249. [PMID: 35008675 PMCID: PMC8745455 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent stem cells isolated from various tissue sources, including but not limited to bone marrow, adipose, umbilical cord, and Wharton Jelly. Although cell-mediated mechanisms have been reported, the therapeutic effect of MSCs is now recognized to be primarily mediated via paracrine effects through the secretion of bioactive molecules, known as the “secretome”. The regenerative benefit of the secretome has been attributed to trophic factors and cytokines that play neuroprotective, anti-angiogenic/pro-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and immune-modulatory roles. The advancement of autologous MSCs therapy can be hindered when introduced back into a hostile/disease environment. Barriers include impaired endogenous MSCs function, limited post-transplantation cell viability, and altered immune-modulatory efficiency. Although secretome-based therapeutics have gained popularity, many translational hurdles, including the heterogeneity of MSCs, limited proliferation potential, and the complex nature of the secretome, have impeded the progress. This review will discuss the experimental and clinical impact of restoring the functional capabilities of MSCs prior to transplantation and the progress in secretome therapies involving extracellular vesicles. Modulation and utilization of MSCs–secretome are most likely to serve as an effective strategy for promoting their ultimate success as therapeutic modulators.
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Dight J, Zhao J, Styke C, Khosrotehrani K, Patel J. Resident vascular endothelial progenitor definition and function: the age of reckoning. Angiogenesis 2021; 25:15-33. [PMID: 34499264 PMCID: PMC8813834 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-021-09817-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cardiovascular system is composed around the central function of the endothelium that lines the inner surfaces of its vessels. In recent years, the existence of a progenitor population within the endothelium has been validated through the study of endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) in human peripheral blood and certain vascular beds. However, our knowledge on endothelial populations in vivo that can give rise to ECFCs in culture has been limited. In this review we report and analyse recent attempts at describing progenitor populations in vivo from murine studies that reflect the self-renewal and stemness capacity observed in ECFCs. We pinpoint seminal discoveries within the field, which have phenotypically defined, and functionally scrutinised these endothelial progenitors. Furthermore, we review recent publications utilising single-cell sequencing technologies to better understand the endothelium in homeostasis and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Dight
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
| | - Jilai Zhao
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
| | - Cassandra Styke
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, 4102, Australia
| | - Kiarash Khosrotehrani
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, 4102, Australia.
| | - Jatin Patel
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, 4102, Australia. .,Cancer and Ageing Research Program, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 37 Kent Street, Woolloongabba, Brisbane, 4102, Australia.
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4
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Cell-based therapies for vascular regeneration: Past, present and future. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 231:107976. [PMID: 34480961 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Tissue vascularization remains one of the outstanding challenges in regenerative medicine. Beyond its role in circulating oxygen and nutrients, the vasculature is critical for organ development, function and homeostasis. Importantly, effective vascular regeneration is key in generating large 3D tissues for regenerative medicine applications to enable the survival of cells post-transplantation, organ growth, and integration into the host system. Therefore, the absence of clinically applicable means of (re)generating vessels is one of the main obstacles in cell replacement therapy. In this review, we highlight cell-based vascularization strategies which demonstrate clinical potential, discuss their strengths and limitations and highlight the main obstacles hindering cell-based therapeutic vascularization.
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Reyner CL, Winter RL, Maneval KL, Boone LH, Wooldridge AA. Effect of recombinant equine interleukin-1β on function of equine endothelial colony-forming cells in vitro. Am J Vet Res 2021; 82:318-325. [PMID: 33764832 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.82.4.318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of recombinant equine IL-1β on function of equine endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) in vitro. SAMPLE ECFCs derived from peripheral blood samples of 3 healthy adult geldings. PROCEDURES Function testing was performed to assess in vitro wound healing, tubule formation, cell adhesion, and uptake of 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3' tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate-labeled acetylated low-density lipoprotein (DiI-Ac-LDL) by cultured ECFCs. Cell proliferation was determined by 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide assay. Effects on function test results of different concentrations and exposure times of recombinant equine IL-1β were assessed. RESULTS Challenge of cultured ECFCs with IL-1β for 48 hours inhibited tubule formation. Continuous challenge (54 hours) with IL-1β in the wound healing assay reduced gap closure. The IL-1β exposure did not significantly affect ECFC adhesion, DiI-Ac-LDL uptake, or ECFC proliferation. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results suggested a role for IL-1β in the inhibition of ECFC function in vitro. Functional changes in ECFCs following challenge with IL-1β did not appear to be due to changes in cell proliferative capacity. These findings have implications for designing microenvironments for and optimizing therapeutic effects of ECFCs used to treat ischemic diseases in horses.
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6
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Transcriptional Regulation of Sphingosine Kinase 1. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112437. [PMID: 33171624 PMCID: PMC7695205 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Once thought to be primarily structural in nature, sphingolipids have become increasingly appreciated as second messengers in a wide array of signaling pathways. Sphingosine kinase 1, or SK1, is one of two sphingosine kinases that phosphorylate sphingosine into sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). S1P is generally pro-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, immunomodulatory, and pro-survival; therefore, high SK1 expression and activity have been associated with certain inflammatory diseases and cancer. It is thus important to develop an understanding of the regulation of SK1 expression and activity. In this review, we explore the current literature on SK1 transcriptional regulation, illustrating a complex system of transcription factors, cytokines, and even micro-RNAs (miRNAs) on the post transcriptional level.
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Therapeutic Potential of Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells in Ischemic Disease: Strategies to Improve their Regenerative Efficacy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21197406. [PMID: 33036489 PMCID: PMC7582994 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21197406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) comprises a range of major clinical cardiac and circulatory diseases, which produce immense health and economic burdens worldwide. Currently, vascular regenerative surgery represents the most employed therapeutic option to treat ischemic disorders, even though not all the patients are amenable to surgical revascularization. Therefore, more efficient therapeutic approaches are urgently required to promote neovascularization. Therapeutic angiogenesis represents an emerging strategy that aims at reconstructing the damaged vascular network by stimulating local angiogenesis and/or promoting de novo blood vessel formation according to a process known as vasculogenesis. In turn, circulating endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) represent truly endothelial precursors, which display high clonogenic potential and have the documented ability to originate de novo blood vessels in vivo. Therefore, ECFCs are regarded as the most promising cellular candidate to promote therapeutic angiogenesis in patients suffering from CVD. The current briefly summarizes the available information about the origin and characterization of ECFCs and then widely illustrates the preclinical studies that assessed their regenerative efficacy in a variety of ischemic disorders, including acute myocardial infarction, peripheral artery disease, ischemic brain disease, and retinopathy. Then, we describe the most common pharmacological, genetic, and epigenetic strategies employed to enhance the vasoreparative potential of autologous ECFCs by manipulating crucial pro-angiogenic signaling pathways, e.g., extracellular-signal regulated kinase/Akt, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and Ca2+ signaling. We conclude by discussing the possibility of targeting circulating ECFCs to rescue their dysfunctional phenotype and promote neovascularization in the presence of CVD.
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Fabri JHTM, de Sá NP, Malavazi I, Del Poeta M. The dynamics and role of sphingolipids in eukaryotic organisms upon thermal adaptation. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 80:101063. [PMID: 32888959 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
All living beings have an optimal temperature for growth and survival. With the advancement of global warming, the search for understanding adaptive processes to climate changes has gained prominence. In this context, all living beings monitor the external temperature and develop adaptive responses to thermal variations. These responses ultimately change the functioning of the cell and affect the most diverse structures and processes. One of the first structures to detect thermal variations is the plasma membrane, whose constitution allows triggering of intracellular signals that assist in the response to temperature stress. Although studies on this topic have been conducted, the underlying mechanisms of recognizing thermal changes and modifying cellular functioning to adapt to this condition are not fully understood. Recently, many reports have indicated the participation of sphingolipids (SLs), major components of the plasma membrane, in the regulation of the thermal stress response. SLs can structurally reinforce the membrane or/and send signals intracellularly to control numerous cellular processes, such as apoptosis, cytoskeleton polarization, cell cycle arresting and fungal virulence. In this review, we discuss how SLs synthesis changes during both heat and cold stresses, focusing on fungi, plants, animals and human cells. The role of lysophospholipids is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Henrique Tadini Marilhano Fabri
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Nivea Pereira de Sá
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Iran Malavazi
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Maurizio Del Poeta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Northport, New York, USA.
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Perrotta F, Perna A, Komici K, Nigro E, Mollica M, D’Agnano V, De Luca A, Guerra G. The State of Art of Regenerative Therapy in Cardiovascular Ischemic Disease: Biology, Signaling Pathways, and Epigenetics of Endothelial Progenitor Cells. Cells 2020; 9:E1886. [PMID: 32796767 PMCID: PMC7465688 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is currently a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Nevertheless, the actual therapeutic scenario does not target myocardial cell regeneration and consequently, the progression toward the late stage of chronic heart failure is common. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are bone marrow-derived stem cells that contribute to the homeostasis of the endothelial wall in acute and chronic ischemic disease. Calcium modulation and other molecular pathways (NOTCH, VEGFR, and CXCR4) contribute to EPC proliferation and differentiation. The present review provides a summary of EPC biology with a particular focus on the regulatory pathways of EPCs and describes promising applications for cardiovascular cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Perrotta
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute “V.Tiberio”, Università del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.P.); (K.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Angelica Perna
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute “V.Tiberio”, Università del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.P.); (K.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Klara Komici
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute “V.Tiberio”, Università del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.P.); (K.K.); (G.G.)
| | - Ersilia Nigro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Ambientali, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
- CEINGE-Biotecnologie avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariano Mollica
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.M.); (V.D.)
| | - Vito D’Agnano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche Traslazionali, Università della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.M.); (V.D.)
| | - Antonio De Luca
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Germano Guerra
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Scienze della Salute “V.Tiberio”, Università del Molise, 86100 Campobasso, Italy; (A.P.); (K.K.); (G.G.)
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Fan X, Liu L, Shi Y, Guo F, He X, Zhao X, Zhong D, Li G. Recent advances of the function of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptor S1P3. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1564-1578. [PMID: 33410533 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Known as a variety of sphingolipid metabolites capable of performing various biological activities, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is commonly found in platelets, red blood cells, neutrophils, lymph fluid, and blood, as well as other cells and body fluids. S1P comprises five receptors, namely, S1P1-S1P5, with the distribution of S1P receptors exhibiting tissue selectivity to some degree. S1P1, S1P2, and S1P3 are extensively expressed in a wide variety of different tissues. The expression of S1P4 is restricted to lymphoid and hematopoietic tissues, while S1P5 is primarily expressed in the nervous system. S1P3 plays an essential role in the pathophysiological processes related to inflammation, cell proliferation, cell migration, tumor invasion and metastasis, ischemia-reperfusion, tissue fibrosis, and vascular tone. In this paper, the relevant mechanism in the role of S1P3 is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuehui Fan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lili Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yue Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fanghan Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiao He
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiuli Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Di Zhong
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guozhong Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
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Liao G, Zheng K, Shorr R, Allan DS. Human endothelial colony-forming cells in regenerative therapy: A systematic review of controlled preclinical animal studies. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1344-1352. [PMID: 32681814 PMCID: PMC7581447 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial colony‐forming cells (ECFCs) hold significant promise as candidates for regenerative therapy of vascular injury. Existing studies remain largely preclinical and exhibit marked design heterogeneity. A systematic review of controlled preclinical trials of human ECFCs is needed to guide future study design and to accelerate clinical translation. A systematic search of Medline and EMBASE on 1 April 2019 returned 3131 unique entries of which 66 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Most studies used ECFCs derived from umbilical cord or adult peripheral blood. Studies used genetically modified immunodeficient mice (n = 52) and/or rats (n = 16). ECFC phenotypes were inconsistently characterized. While >90% of studies used CD31+ and CD45−, CD14− was demonstrated in 73% of studies, CD146+ in 42%, and CD10+ in 35%. Most disease models invoked ischemia. Peripheral vascular ischemia (n = 29), central nervous system ischemia (n = 14), connective tissue injury (n = 10), and cardiovascular ischemia and reperfusion injury (n = 7) were studied most commonly. Studies showed predominantly positive results; only 13 studies reported ≥1 outcome with null results, three reported only null results, and one reported harm. Quality assessment with SYRCLE revealed potential sources of bias in most studies. Preclinical ECFC studies are associated with benefit across several ischemic conditions in animal models, although combining results is limited by marked heterogeneity in study design. In particular, characterization of ECFCs varied and aspects of reporting introduced risk of bias in most studies. More studies with greater focus on standardized cell characterization and consistency of the disease model are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Liao
- Clinical Epidemiology and Regenerative Medicine Programs, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katina Zheng
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Risa Shorr
- Information Services, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - David S Allan
- Clinical Epidemiology and Regenerative Medicine Programs, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Bushkalova R, Farno M, Tenailleau C, Duployer B, Cussac D, Parini A, Sallerin B, Girod Fullana S. Alginate-chitosan PEC scaffolds: A useful tool for soft tissues cell therapy. Int J Pharm 2019; 571:118692. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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13
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Wang X, Zhan E, Lu G, Mu Q, Zhang T, Yang N. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Improves the Biological Features of Mouse Bone Marrow-Derived EPCs Partially through PI3K/AKT/eNOS/NO Pathway. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132404. [PMID: 31261859 PMCID: PMC6651153 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive sphingolipid, is recognized as a critical regulator in physiological and pathophysiological processes of atherosclerosis (AS). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. As the precursor cells of endothelial cells (ECs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) can prevent AS development through repairing endothelial monolayer impaired by proatherogenic factors. The present study investigated the effects of S1P on the biological features of mouse bone marrow-derived EPCs and the underlying mechanism. The results showed that S1P improved cell viability, adhesion, and nitric oxide (NO) release of EPCs in a bell-shaped manner, and migration and tube formation dose-dependently. The aforementioned beneficial effects of S1P on EPCs could be inhibited by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor of LY294002 and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor of N’-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME). The inhibitor of LY294002 inhibited S1P-stimulated activation of phosphorylated protein kinase B (AKT) (p-AKT) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) (p-eNOS), and down-regulated the level of eNOS significantly. The results suggest that S1P improves the biological features of EPCs partially through PI3K/AKT/eNOS/NO signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wang
- School of Public Health and Management, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Prediction and Governance of Major Social Risks in Shandong, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Enxin Zhan
- Institute of Preschool Education, Jinan Preschool Education College, Jinan 250307, China
| | - Guohua Lu
- Department of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Qingjie Mu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China
| | - Tianliang Zhang
- Experimental Center for Medical Research, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
| | - Nana Yang
- Experimental Center for Medical Research, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang 261053, China.
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14
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Magalon J, Velier M, Simoncini S, François P, Bertrand B, Daumas A, Benyamine A, Boissier R, Arnaud L, Lyonnet L, Fernandez S, Dignat-George F, Casanova D, Guillet B, Granel B, Paul P, Sabatier F. Molecular profile and proangiogenic activity of the adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction used as an autologous innovative medicinal product in patients with systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2019; 78:391-398. [PMID: 30612118 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The autologous stromal vascular fraction (SVF) from adipose tissue is an alternative to cultured adipose-derived stem cells for use in regenerative medicine and represents a promising therapy for vasculopathy and hand disability in systemic sclerosis (SSc). However, the bioactivity of autologous SVF is not documented in this disease context. This study aimed to compare the molecular and functional profiles of the SVF-based medicinal product obtained from SSc and healthy subjects. METHODS Good manufacturing practice (GMP)-grade SVF from 24 patients with SSc and 12 healthy donors (HD) was analysed by flow cytometry to compare the distribution of the CD45- and CD45+ haematopoietic cell subsets. The ability of SVF to form a vascular network was assessed using Matrigel in vivo assay. The transcriptomic and secretory profiles of the SSc-SVF were assessed by RNA sequencing and multiplex analysis, respectively, and were compared with the HD-SVF. RESULTS The distribution of the leucocyte, endothelial, stromal, pericyte and transitional cell subsets was similar for SSc-SVF and HD-SVF. SSc-SVF retained its vasculogenic capacity, but the density of neovessels formed in SVF-loaded Matrigel implanted in nude mice was slightly decreased compared with HD-SVF. SSc-SVF displayed a differential molecular signature reflecting deregulation of angiogenesis, endothelial activation and fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides the first evidence that SSc does not compromise the vascular repair capacity of SVF, supporting its use as an innovative autologous biotherapy. The characterisation of the specific SSc-SVF molecular profile provides new perspectives for delineating markers of the potency of SVF and its targets for the treatment of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Magalon
- Cell Therapy Department, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, INSERM CIC BT 1409, Marseille, France.,INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Mélanie Velier
- Cell Therapy Department, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, INSERM CIC BT 1409, Marseille, France.,INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Pauline François
- Cell Therapy Department, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, INSERM CIC BT 1409, Marseille, France.,INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Baptiste Bertrand
- INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Plastic Surgery Department, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Daumas
- Internal Medicine Department, Hôpital Nord & Hôpital de la Timone, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Audrey Benyamine
- INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Internal Medicine Department, Hôpital Nord & Hôpital de la Timone, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Romain Boissier
- INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Urology Surgery Department, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Arnaud
- Vascular Biology Department, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Luc Lyonnet
- Vascular Biology Department, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | | | - Françoise Dignat-George
- INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Vascular Biology Department, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Dominique Casanova
- Plastic Surgery Department, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Benjamin Guillet
- INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,CERIMED, Aix-Marseille University, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Brigitte Granel
- INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Internal Medicine Department, Hôpital Nord & Hôpital de la Timone, AP-HM, Marseille, France
| | - Pascale Paul
- Cell Therapy Department, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, INSERM CIC BT 1409, Marseille, France.,INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Sabatier
- Cell Therapy Department, Hôpital de la Conception, AP-HM, INSERM CIC BT 1409, Marseille, France .,INSERM, INRA, C2VN, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
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15
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Keighron C, Lyons CJ, Creane M, O'Brien T, Liew A. Recent Advances in Endothelial Progenitor Cells Toward Their Use in Clinical Translation. Front Med (Lausanne) 2018; 5:354. [PMID: 30619864 PMCID: PMC6305310 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2018.00354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the discovery of Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPC) by Asahara and colleagues in 1997, an increasing number of preclinical studies have shown that EPC based therapy is feasible, safe, and efficacious in multiple disease states. Subsequently, this has led to several, mainly early phase, clinical trials demonstrating the feasibility and safety profile of EPC therapy, with the suggestion of efficacy in several conditions including ischemic heart disease, pulmonary arterial hypertension and decompensated liver cirrhosis. Despite the use of the common term “EPC,” the characteristics, manufacturing methods and subset of the cell type used in these studies often vary significantly, rendering clinical translation challenging. It has recently been acknowledged that the true EPC is the endothelial colony forming cells (ECFC). The objective of this review was to summarize and critically appraise the registered and published clinical studies using the term “EPC,” which encompasses a heterogeneous cell population, as a therapeutic agent. Furthermore, the preclinical data using ECFC from the PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched and analyzed. We noted that despite the promising effect of ECFC on vascular regeneration, no clinical study has stemmed from these preclinical studies. We showed that there is a lack of information registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov for EPC clinical trials, specifically on cell culture methods. We also highlighted the importance of a detailed definition of the cell type used in EPC clinical trials to facilitate comparisons between trials and better understanding of the potential clinical benefit of EPC based therapy. We concluded our review by discussing the potential and limitations of EPC based therapy in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron Keighron
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science and Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Caomhán J Lyons
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science and Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Michael Creane
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science and Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Timothy O'Brien
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science and Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aaron Liew
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science and Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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16
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Ng ML, Yarla NS, Menschikowski M, Sukocheva OA. Regulatory role of sphingosine kinase and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor signaling in progenitor/stem cells. World J Stem Cells 2018; 10:119-133. [PMID: 30310531 PMCID: PMC6177561 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v10.i9.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Balanced sphingolipid signaling is important for the maintenance of homeostasis. Sphingolipids were demonstrated to function as structural components, second messengers, and regulators of cell growth and survival in normal and disease-affected tissues. Particularly, sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) and its product sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) operate as mediators and facilitators of proliferation-linked signaling. Unlimited proliferation (self-renewal) within the regulated environment is a hallmark of progenitor/stem cells that was recently associated with the S1P signaling network in vasculature, nervous, muscular, and immune systems. S1P was shown to regulate progenitor-related characteristics in normal and cancer stem cells (CSCs) via G-protein coupled receptors S1Pn (n = 1 to 5). The SphK/S1P axis is crucially involved in the regulation of embryonic development of vasculature and the nervous system, hematopoietic stem cell migration, regeneration of skeletal muscle, and development of multiple sclerosis. The ratio of the S1P receptor expression, localization, and specific S1P receptor-activated downstream effectors influenced the rate of self-renewal and should be further explored as regeneration-related targets. Considering malignant transformation, it is essential to control the level of self-renewal capacity. Proliferation of the progenitor cell should be synchronized with differentiation to provide healthy lifelong function of blood, immune systems, and replacement of damaged or dead cells. The differentiation-related role of SphK/S1P remains poorly assessed. A few pioneering investigations explored pharmacological tools that target sphingolipid signaling and can potentially confine and direct self-renewal towards normal differentiation. Further investigation is required to test the role of the SphK/S1P axis in regulation of self-renewal and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Li Ng
- Centenary Institute of Cancer Medicine and Cell Biology, Sydney NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Nagendra S Yarla
- Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, Institute of Science, GITAM University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam 530 045, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Mario Menschikowski
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Carl Gustav Carus University Hospital, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden D-01307, Germany
| | - Olga A Sukocheva
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park SA 5042, Australia
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17
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Santelli J, Lechevallier S, Baaziz H, Vincent M, Martinez C, Mauricot R, Parini A, Verelst M, Cussac D. Multimodal gadolinium oxysulfide nanoparticles: a versatile contrast agent for mesenchymal stem cell labeling. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:16775-16786. [PMID: 30156241 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03263g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite a clear development of innovative therapies based on stem cell manipulation, the availability of new tools to better understand and follow stem cell behavior and improve their biomedical applications is not adequate. Indeed, an ideal tracking device must have good ability to label stem cells as well as complete neutrality relative to their biology. Furthermore, preclinical studies imply in vitro and in vivo approaches that often require several kinds of labeling and/or detection procedures. Consequently, the multimodality concept presented in this work may present a solution to this problem as it has the potential to combine complementary imaging techniques. Spherical europium-doped gadolinium oxysulfide (Gd2O2S:Eu3+) nanoparticles are presented as a candidate as they are detectable by (1) magnetic resonance (MRI), (2) X-ray and (3) photoluminescence imaging. Whole body in vivo distribution, elimination and toxicity evaluation revealed a high tolerance of nanoparticles with a long-lasting MRI signal and slow hepatobiliary and renal clearance. In vitro labeling of a wide variety of cells unveils the nanoparticle potential for efficient and universal cell tracking. Emphasis on mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) leads to the definition of optimal conditions for labeling and tracking in the context of cell therapy: concentrations below 50 μg mL-1 and diameters between 170 and 300 nm. Viability, proliferation, migration and differentiation towards mesodermal lineages are preserved under these conditions, and cell labeling appears to be persistent and without any leakage. Ex vivo detection of as few as five thousand Gd2O2S:Eu3+-labeled MSCs by MRI combined with in vitro examination with fluorescence microscopy highlights the feasibility of cell tracking in cell therapy using this new nanoplatform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Santelli
- CEMES-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS 29, rue Jeanne Marvig, BP 94347, 31055 Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
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18
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Sukocheva OA. Expansion of Sphingosine Kinase and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor Function in Normal and Cancer Cells: From Membrane Restructuring to Mediation of Estrogen Signaling and Stem Cell Programming. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19020420. [PMID: 29385066 PMCID: PMC5855642 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids, sphingolipid metabolizing enzymes, and their receptors network are being recognized as part of the signaling mechanisms, which govern breast cancer cell growth, migration, and survival during chemotherapy treatment. Approximately 70% of breast cancers are estrogen receptor (ER) positive and, thus, rely on estrogen signaling. Estrogen activates an intracellular network composed of many cytoplasmic and nuclear mediators. Some estrogen effects can be mediated by sphingolipids. Estrogen activates sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) and amplifies the intracellular concentration of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in breast cancer cells during stimulation of proliferation and survival. Specifically, Estrogen activates S1P receptors (S1PR) and induces growth factor receptor transactivation. SphK, S1P, and S1PR expression are causally associated with endocrine resistance and progression to advanced tumor stages in ER-positive breast cancers in vivo. Recently, the network of SphK/S1PR was shown to promote the development of ER-negative cancers and breast cancer stem cells, as well as stimulating angiogenesis. Novel findings confirm and broaden our knowledge about the cross-talk between sphingolipids and estrogen network in normal and malignant cells. Current S1PRs therapeutic inhibition was indicated as a promising chemotherapy approach in non-responsive and advanced malignancies. Considering that sphingolipid signaling has a prominent role in terminally differentiated cells, the impact should be considered when designing specific SphK/S1PR inhibitors. This study analyzes the dynamic of the transformation of sphingolipid axis during a transition from normal to pathological condition on the level of the whole organism. The sphingolipid-based mediation and facilitation of global effects of estrogen were critically accented as a bridging mechanism that should be explored in cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A Sukocheva
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University of South Australia, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
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19
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Philandrianos C, Serrero M, Grimaud F, Magalon J, Visée C, Velier M, Francois P, Orsoni P, Magalon G, Grimaud JC, Desjeux A, Véran J, Sabatier F. First clinical case report of local microinjection of autologous fat and adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction for perianal fistula in Crohn's disease. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:4. [PMID: 29321063 PMCID: PMC5764003 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0736-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell therapy is a promising treatment for perianal Crohn's fistulas refractory to conventional therapy, which are an extremely morbid complication and a true therapeutic challenge. Autologous adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (ADSVF) is an easily accessible source of cells with angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and regenerative properties. Here, we describe a case involving a patient with severe perianal Crohn's fistulas refractory to the best medical and surgical practices who received local treatment with ADSVF and microfat. This patient was first examined under anesthesia with drainage via seton placement; 1 week later, on a single day, he underwent adipose tissue extraction, ADSVF and microfat preparation, and the local injection of 14 ml of microfat and approximately 20 million viable ADSVF cells into the soft tissue around the fistulas. No serious adverse events were observed. At the first endpoint at 12 weeks, the fistula had clinically healed with complete re-epithelialization of all external openings; no fistula tract was detected on magnetic resonance imaging, confirming this finding. This good clinical outcome was sustained at 48 weeks and was associated with a reduction in the severity of perianal disease and an improvement in quality of life. The current case highlights the therapeutic potential of a new cellular treatment for Crohn's patients with refractory perianal fistulas based on the innovative hypothesis that the combined action of ADSVF in association with the trophic characteristics of a microfat graft could be beneficial for this condition. TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT number 201325, NCT02520843 . Registered on 5 August 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Philandrianos
- Plastic Surgery Department, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Mélanie Serrero
- Gastroenterology Department, APHM, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.
| | - Fanny Grimaud
- Culture and Cell Therapy Laboratory, INSERM CBT-1409, APHM, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Jérémy Magalon
- Culture and Cell Therapy Laboratory, INSERM CBT-1409, APHM, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Vascular Research Center Marseille (VRCM), Aix Marseille University, INSERM UMR 1076, Marseille, France
| | - Carine Visée
- Digestive Surgery Department, APHM, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Mélanie Velier
- Culture and Cell Therapy Laboratory, INSERM CBT-1409, APHM, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Vascular Research Center Marseille (VRCM), Aix Marseille University, INSERM UMR 1076, Marseille, France
| | - Pauline Francois
- Culture and Cell Therapy Laboratory, INSERM CBT-1409, APHM, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Vascular Research Center Marseille (VRCM), Aix Marseille University, INSERM UMR 1076, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Orsoni
- Digestive Surgery Department, APHM, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Guy Magalon
- Plastic Surgery Department, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | | | - Ariadne Desjeux
- Gastroenterology Department, APHM, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Julie Véran
- Culture and Cell Therapy Laboratory, INSERM CBT-1409, APHM, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Florence Sabatier
- Culture and Cell Therapy Laboratory, INSERM CBT-1409, APHM, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France.,Vascular Research Center Marseille (VRCM), Aix Marseille University, INSERM UMR 1076, Marseille, France
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20
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Abdel Hadi L, Calcaterra F, Brambilla L, Carenza C, Marfia G, Della Bella S, Riboni L. Enhanced phosphorylation of sphingosine and ceramide sustains the exuberant proliferation of endothelial progenitors in Kaposi sarcoma. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 103:525-533. [PMID: 29345349 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.2ma0817-312r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs), a unique endothelial stem cell population, are highly increased in the blood of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) patients. KS-derived ECFCs (KS-ECFCs) are also endowed with increased proliferative and vasculogenic potential, thus suggesting that they may be precursors of KS spindle cells. However, the mechanisms underlying the increased proliferative activity of KS-ECFCs remain poorly understood. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) are metabolically interconnected sphingoid mediators crucial to cell proliferation. Here, we investigated the metabolism, release, and proliferative effects of S1P and C1P in KS-ECFCs compared with control ECFCs (Ct-ECFCs). Metabolic studies by cell labeling, chromatographic analyses, and digital autoradiography revealed that S1P and C1P biosynthesis and S1P secretion are all efficient processes in KS-ECFCs, more efficient in KS-ECFCs than Ct-ECFCs. Quantitative PCR analyses demonstrated a significantly higher ceramide kinase and sphingosine kinase-2 expression in KS-ECFCs. Notably, also the expression of S1P1 and S1P3 receptors was augmented in KS-ECFCs. Accordingly, treatment with exogenous C1P or S1P induced a significant, concentration-dependent stimulation of KS-ECFC proliferation, but was almost completely ineffective in Ct-ECFCs. Hence, we identified C1P and S1P as autocrine/paracrine proliferative signals in KS-ECFCs. A better understanding of the mechanisms that enhance S1P/C1P formation in KS-ECFCs may yield effective therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loubna Abdel Hadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, LITA-Segrate, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Calcaterra
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, LITA-Segrate, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Lucia Brambilla
- Unit of Dermatology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Carenza
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, LITA-Segrate, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Marfia
- Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milan, Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, University of Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Della Bella
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, LITA-Segrate, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Riboni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, LITA-Segrate, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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21
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Shafiee A, Patel J, Lee JS, Hutmacher DW, Fisk NM, Khosrotehrani K. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells enhance engraftment, vasculogenic and pro-angiogenic activities of endothelial colony forming cells in immunocompetent hosts. Sci Rep 2017; 7:13558. [PMID: 29051567 PMCID: PMC5648925 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-13971-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical use of endothelial colony forming cells (ECFC) is hampered by their restricted engraftment. We aimed to assess engraftment, vasculogenic and pro-angiogenic activities of ECFC in immunocompetent (C57BL/6: WT) or immunodeficient (rag1 -/- C57BL/6: Rag1) mice. In addition, the impact of host immune system was investigated where ECFC were co-implanted with mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) from adult bone marrow (AdBM-MSC), fetal bone marrow (fBM-MSC), fetal placental (fPL-MSC), or maternal placental (MPL-MSC). Transplantation of ECFCs in Matrigel plugs resulted in less cell engraftment in WT mice compared to Rag1 mice. Co-implantation with different MSCs resulted in a significant increase in cell engraftment up to 9 fold in WT mice reaching levels of engraftment observed when using ECFCs alone in Rag1 mice but well below levels of engraftment with MSC-ECFC combination in Rag1 recipients. Furthermore, MSCs did not reduce murine splenic T cell proliferation in response to ECFCs in vitro. ECFCs enhanced the murine neo-vascularization through paracrine effect, but with no difference between Rag1 and WT mice. In conclusions, the host adaptive immune system affects the engraftment of ECFCs. MSC co-implantation improves ECFC engraftment and function even in immunocompetent hosts mostly through non-immune mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Shafiee
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, 4029, QLD, Australia
- Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4000, QLD, Australia
| | - Jatin Patel
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, 4029, QLD, Australia
- The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, 4102, QLD, Australia
| | - James S Lee
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, 4029, QLD, Australia
- The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, 4102, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Nicholas M Fisk
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, 4029, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Prenatal Care, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Brisbane, 4029, QLD, Australia
| | - Kiarash Khosrotehrani
- The University of Queensland, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Brisbane, 4029, QLD, Australia.
- The University of Queensland, UQ Diamantina Institute, Brisbane, 4102, QLD, Australia.
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22
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Chang TY, Tsai WC, Huang TS, Su SH, Chang CY, Ma HY, Wu CH, Yang CY, Lin CH, Huang PH, Cheng CC, Cheng SM, Wang HW. Dysregulation of endothelial colony-forming cell function by a negative feedback loop of circulating miR-146a and -146b in cardiovascular disease patients. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181562. [PMID: 28727754 PMCID: PMC5519171 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional impairment of endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs), a specific cell lineage of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is highly associated with the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD), the most common type of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Emerging evidence show that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in CAD patients’ body fluid hold a great potential as biomarkers. However, our knowledge of the role of circulating miRNA in regulating the function of ECFCs and the progression of CAD is still in its infancy. We showed that when ECFCs from healthy volunteers were incubated with conditioned medium or purified exosomes of cultured CAD ECFCs, the secretory factors from CAD ECFCs dysregulated migration and tube formation ability of healthy ECFCs. It is known that exosomes influence the physiology of recipient cells by introducing RNAs including miRNAs. By using small RNA sequencing (smRNA-seq), we deciphered the circulating miRNome in the plasma of healthy individual and CAD patients, and found that the plasma miRNA spectrum from CAD patients was significantly different from that of healthy control. Interestingly, smRNA-seq of both healthy and CAD ECFCs showed that twelve miRNAs that had a higher expression in the plasma of CAD patients also showed higher expression in CAD ECFCs when compared with healthy control. This result suggests that these miRNAs may be involved in the regulation of ECFC functions. For identification of potential mRNA targets of the differentially expressed miRNA in CAD patients, cDNA microarray analysis was performed to identify the angiogenesis-related genes that were down-regulated in CAD ECFCs and Pearson’s correlation were used to identify miRNAs that were negatively correlated with the identified angiogenesis-related genes. RT-qPCR analysis of the five miRNAs that negatively correlated with the down-regulated angiogenesis-related genes in plasma and ECFC of CAD patients showed miR-146a-5p and miR-146b-5p up-regulation compared to healthy control. Knockdown of miR-146a-5p or miR-146b-5p in CAD ECFCs enhanced migration and tube formation activity in diseased ECFCs. Contrarily, overexpression of miR-146a-5p or miR-146b-5p in healthy ECFC repressed migration and tube formation in ECFCs. TargetScan analysis showed that miR-146a-5p and miR-146b-5p target many of the angiogenesis-related genes that were down-regulated in CAD ECFCs. Knockdown of miR-146a-5p or miR-146b-5p restores CAV1 and RHOJ levels in CAD ECFCs. Reporter assays confirmed the direct binding and repression of miR-146a-5p and miR-146b-5p to the 3’-UTR of mRNA of RHOJ, a positive regulator of angiogenic potential in endothelial cells. Consistently, RHOJ knockdown inhibited the migration and tube formation ability in ECFCs. Collectively, we discovered the dysregulation of miR-146a-5p/RHOJ and miR-146b-5p/RHOJ axis in the plasma and ECFCs of CAD patients that could be used as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for CAD and other angiogenesis-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Yu Chang
- Research Center of Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chi Tsai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Shun Huang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Engineering in Medicine, University of California, San Diego, United States of America
| | - Shu-Han Su
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Young Chang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Yen Ma
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Wu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yung Yang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hung Lin
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsun Huang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chung Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Meng Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| | - Hsei-Wei Wang
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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23
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Medina RJ, Barber CL, Sabatier F, Dignat‐George F, Melero‐Martin JM, Khosrotehrani K, Ohneda O, Randi AM, Chan JK, Yamaguchi T, Van Hinsbergh VW, Yoder MC, Stitt AW. Endothelial Progenitors: A Consensus Statement on Nomenclature. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:1316-1320. [PMID: 28296182 PMCID: PMC5442722 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.16-0360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) nomenclature remains ambiguous and there is a general lack of concordance in the stem cell field with many distinct cell subtypes continually grouped under the term "EPC." It would be highly advantageous to agree on standards to confirm an endothelial progenitor phenotype and this should include detailed immunophenotyping, potency assays, and clear separation from hematopoietic angiogenic cells which are not endothelial progenitors. In this review, we seek to discourage the indiscriminate use of "EPCs," and instead propose precise terminology based on defining cellular phenotype and function. Endothelial colony forming cells and myeloid angiogenic cells are examples of two distinct and well-defined cell types that have been considered EPCs because they both promote vascular repair, albeit by completely different mechanisms of action. It is acknowledged that scientific nomenclature should be a dynamic process driven by technological and conceptual advances; ergo the ongoing "EPC" nomenclature ought not to be permanent and should become more precise in the light of strong scientific evidence. This is especially important as these cells become recognized for their role in vascular repair in health and disease and, in some cases, progress toward use in cell therapy. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:1316-1320.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinhold J. Medina
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
| | - Chad L. Barber
- Department of Biology, California Lutheran UniversityThousand OaksCaliforniaUSA
| | - Florence Sabatier
- Vascular Research Centre Marseille, INSERM, Aix Marseille UniversitéMarseilleFrance
| | | | - Juan M. Melero‐Martin
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryBoston Children's HospitalMassachusettsUSA
- Department of SurgeryHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Harvard Stem Cell InstituteCambridgeMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kiarash Khosrotehrani
- University of Queensland Centre for Clinical ResearchHerstonQueenslandAustralia
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research InstituteWoolloongabbaQueenslandAustralia
| | - Osamu Ohneda
- Lab of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell BiologyUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Anna M. Randi
- National Heart and Lung Institute (NHLI) Vascular Sciences, Imperial College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Jerry K.Y. Chan
- Department of Reproductive MedicineKK Women's and Children's HospitalSingapore
| | | | - Victor W.M. Van Hinsbergh
- Department of PhysiologyInstitute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Mervin C. Yoder
- Department of PediatricsIndiana University School of Medicine, IndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Alan W. Stitt
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University BelfastBelfastUnited Kingdom
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24
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Han KH, Kim AK, Kim DI. Therapeutic Potential of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treating Ischemic Limb Diseases. Int J Stem Cells 2016; 9:163-168. [PMID: 27871151 PMCID: PMC5155711 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc16053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic limb diseases are induced by different obstructions of peripheral arteries. These obstructions result in insufficient nutrient and oxygen supplies to the extremities, thereby leading to severe tissue damage that is in turn related to severe morbidities and mortalities. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been isolated from various sources. These cells are multipotent with respect to differentiation and are also characterized by migration, immune suppression, and secretion of paracrine factors. Mesenchymal stem cells have been proposed to have therapeutic potential for the treatment of ischemic limb diseases. In preclinical experiments, injection of single MSCs has been shown to increase angiogenesis and blood flow in ischemic hindlimb animal models; several molecular mechanisms of angiogenesis have also been elucidated. Furthermore, modified strategies have been developed for enhancing angiogenesis and the efficacy of MSCs. These strategies have demonstrated significant effects in pre-clinical studies. In clinical trials, MSCs have shown significant effects in the treatment of ischemic limb diseases. In this review, we focus on the therapeutic properties of human MSCs and the modified methods for enhancing angiogenesis in pre-clinical experiments. We also discuss the clinical applications of MSCs for treating limb ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Hyun Han
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ae-Kyeong Kim
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Ik Kim
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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25
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Orexin signaling regulates both the hippocampal clock and the circadian oscillation of Alzheimer's disease-risk genes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36035. [PMID: 27796320 PMCID: PMC5086843 DOI: 10.1038/srep36035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a circadian clock-related disease. However, it is not very clear whether pre-symptomatic AD leads to circadian disruption or whether malfunction of circadian rhythms exerts influence on development of AD. Here, we report a functional clock that exists in the hippocampus. This oscillator both receives input signals and maintains the cycling of the hippocampal Per2 gene. One of the potential inputs to the oscillator is orexin signaling, which can shorten the hippocampal clock period and thereby regulate the expression of clock-controlled-genes (CCGs). A 24-h time course qPCR analysis followed by a JTK_CYCLE algorithm analysis indicated that a number of AD-risk genes are potential CCGs in the hippocampus. Specifically, we found that Bace1 and Bace2, which are related to the production of the amyloid-beta peptide, are CCGs. BACE1 is inhibited by E4BP4, a repressor of D-box genes, while BACE2 is activated by CLOCK:BMAL1. Finally, we observed alterations in the rhythmic expression patterns of Bace2 and ApoE in the hippocampus of aged APP/PS1dE9 mice. Our results therefore indicate that there is a circadian oscillator in the hippocampus whose oscillation could be regulated by orexins. Hence, orexin signaling regulates both the hippocampal clock and the circadian oscillation of AD-risk genes.
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26
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Shafiee A, Patel J, Wong HY, Donovan P, Hutmacher DW, Fisk NM, Khosrotehrani K. Priming of endothelial colony-forming cells in a mesenchymal niche improves engraftment and vasculogenic potential by initiating mesenchymal transition orchestrated by NOTCH signaling. FASEB J 2016; 31:610-624. [PMID: 28045376 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The prospect of using endothelial progenitors is currently hampered by their low engraftment upon transplantation. We report that mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs), independent of source and age, improve the engraftment of endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs). MSC coculture altered ECFC appearance to an elongated mesenchymal morphology with reduced proliferation. ECFC primed via MSC contact had reduced self-renewal potential, but improved capacity to form tube structures in vitro and engraftment in vivo Primed ECFCs displayed major differences in transcriptome compared to ECFCs never exposed to MSCs, affecting genes involved in the cell cycle, up-regulating of genes influencing mesenchymal transition, adhesion, extracellular matrix. Inhibition of NOTCH signaling, a potential upstream regulator of mesenchymal transition, in large part modulated this gene expression pattern and functionally reversed the mesenchymal morphology of ECFCs. The collective results showed that primed ECFCs survive better and undergo a mesenchymal transition that is dependent on NOTCH signaling, resulting in significantly increased vasculogenic potential.-Shafiee, A., Patel, J., Wong, H. Y., Donovan, P., Hutmacher, D. W., Fisk, N. M., Khosrotehrani, K. Priming of endothelial colony-forming cells in a mesenchymal niche improves engraftment and vasculogenic potential by initiating mesenchymal transition orchestrated by NOTCH signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Shafiee
- University of Queensland (UQ) Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland Australia.,Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jatin Patel
- University of Queensland (UQ) Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| | - Ho Yi Wong
- University of Queensland (UQ) Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland Australia
| | - Prudence Donovan
- UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and
| | - Dietmar W Hutmacher
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas M Fisk
- University of Queensland (UQ) Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland Australia.,Centre for Advanced Prenatal Care, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kiarash Khosrotehrani
- University of Queensland (UQ) Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland Australia; .,UQ Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; and
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27
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Ding J, Zhao Z, Wang C, Wang CX, Li PC, Qian C, Teng GJ. Bioluminescence imaging of transplanted human endothelial colony-forming cells in an ischemic mouse model. Brain Res 2016; 1642:209-218. [PMID: 27038754 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic strokes are devastating events responsible for high mortality and morbidity worldwide each year. Endothelial colony-forming cell (ECFC) therapy holds promise for stroke treatment; however, grafted ECFCs need to be monitored better understand their biological behavior in vivo, so as to evaluate their safety and successful delivery. The objectives of this study are to visualize the fate of infused human cord blood derived ECFCs via bioluminescence imaging (BLI) in an ischemic stroke mouse model and to determine the therapeutic effects of ECFC transplantation. ECFCs derived from human umbilical cord blood were infected with lentivirus carrying enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) and firefly luciferase (Luc2) double fusion reporter gene. Labeled ECFCs were grafted into a photothrombotic ischemic stroke mouse model via intra-arterial injection though the left cardiac ventricle. The homing of infused cells and functional recovery of stroke mice were evaluated using BLI, neurological scoring, and immunohistochemistry. Significantly, BLI signals were highest in the brain on day 1 and decreased steadily until day 14. GFP-positive cells were also found surrounding infarct border zones in brain sections using immunohistochemical staining, suggesting that ECFCs properly homed to the ischemic brain tissue. Using a modified neurological severity score assay and histological analysis of brain slices with CD31 immunostaining in brain tissue, double cortin analysis, and the TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay, we demonstrated functional restoration, improved angiogenesis, neurogenesis, and decreased apoptosis in ischemic mice after ECFC infusion. Collectively, our data support that ECFCs may be a promising therapeutic agent for stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhen Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Cong-Xiao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei-Cheng Li
- Department of Interventional Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Gao-Jun Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.
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28
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Di Santo S, Fuchs AL, Periasamy R, Seiler S, Widmer HR. The Cytoprotective Effects of Human Endothelial Progenitor Cell-Conditioned Medium Against an Ischemic Insult Are Not Dependent on VEGF and IL-8. Cell Transplant 2016; 25:735-47. [PMID: 26776768 DOI: 10.3727/096368916x690458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) promote revascularization and tissue repair mainly by paracrine actions. In the present study, we investigated whether EPC-secreted factors in the form of conditioned medium (EPC-CM) can protect cultured brain microvascular endothelial cells against an ischemic insult. Furthermore, we addressed the type of factors that are involved in the EPC-CM-mediated functions. For that purpose, rat brain-derived endothelial cells (rBCEC4 cell line) were exposed to EPC-CM pretreated with proteolytic digestion, heat inactivation, and lipid extraction. Moreover, the involvement of VEGF and IL-8, as canonical angiogenic factors, was investigated by means of neutralizing antibodies. We demonstrated that EPC-CM significantly protected the rBCEC4 cells against an ischemic insult mimicked by induced oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation. The cytoprotective effect was displayed by higher viable cell numbers and reduced caspase 3/7 activity. Heat inactivation, proteolytic digestion, and lipid extraction resulted in a significantly reduced EPC-CM-dependent increase in rBCEC4 viability, tube formation, and survival following the ischemic challenge. Notably, VEGF and IL-8 neutralization did not affect the actions of EPC-CM on rBCEC4 under both standard and ischemic conditions. In summary, our findings show that paracrine factors released by EPCs activate an angiogenic and cytoprotective response on brain microvascular cells and that the activity of EPC-CM relies on the concerted action of nonproteinaceous and proteinaceous factors but do not directly involve VEGF and IL-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Di Santo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Neurocenter and Regenerative Neuroscience Cluster, University of Bern, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland
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29
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Eccles SA, Court W, Patterson L. In Vitro Assays for Endothelial Cell Functions Required for Angiogenesis: Proliferation, Motility, Tubular Differentiation, and Matrix Proteolysis. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1430:121-147. [PMID: 27172950 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3628-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This chapter deconstructs the process of angiogenesis into its component parts in order to provide simple assays to measure discrete endothelial cell functions. The techniques described will be suitable for studying stimulators and/or inhibitors of angiogenesis and determining which aspect of the process is modulated. The assays are designed to be robust and straightforward, using human umbilical vein endothelial cells, but with an option to use other sources such as microvascular endothelial cells from various tissues or lymphatic endothelial cells. It must be appreciated that such reductionist approaches cannot cover the complexity of the angiogenic process as a whole, incorporating as it does a myriad of positive and negative signals, three-dimensional interactions with host tissues and many accessory cells including fibroblasts, macrophages, pericytes and platelets. The extent to which in vitro assays predict physiological or pathological processes in vivo (e.g., wound healing, tumor angiogenesis) or surrogate techniques such as the use of Matrigel™ plugs, sponge implants, corneal assays etc remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne A Eccles
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Centre for Cancer Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, Cotswold Rd., Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK.
| | - William Court
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Centre for Cancer Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, Cotswold Rd., Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Lisa Patterson
- Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Centre for Cancer Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, Cotswold Rd., Sutton, Surrey, SM2 5NG, UK
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30
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Klyachkin YM, Nagareddy PR, Ye S, Wysoczynski M, Asfour A, Gao E, Sunkara M, Brandon JA, Annabathula R, Ponnapureddy R, Solanki M, Pervaiz ZH, Smyth SS, Ratajczak MZ, Morris AJ, Abdel-Latif A. Pharmacological Elevation of Circulating Bioactive Phosphosphingolipids Enhances Myocardial Recovery After Acute Infarction. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:1333-43. [PMID: 26371341 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) triggers mobilization of bone marrow (BM)-derived stem/progenitor cells (BMSPCs) through poorly understood processes. Recently, we postulated a major role for bioactive lipids such as sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) in mobilization of BMSPCs into the peripheral blood (PB). We hypothesized that elevating S1P levels after AMI could augment BMSPC mobilization and enhance cardiac recovery after AMI. After AMI, elevating bioactive lipid levels was achieved by treating mice with the S1P lyase inhibitor tetrahydroxybutylimidazole (THI) for 3 days (starting at day 4 after AMI) to differentiate between stem cell mobilization and the known effects of S1P on myocardial ischemic pre- and postconditioning. Cardiac function was assessed using echocardiography, and myocardial scar size evolution was examined using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. PB S1P and BMSPCs peaked at 5 days after AMI and returned to baseline levels within 10 days (p < .05 for 5 days vs. baseline). Elevated S1P paralleled a significant increase in circulating BMSPCs (p < .05 vs. controls). We observed a greater than twofold increase in plasma S1P and circulating BMSPCs after THI treatment. Mechanistically, enhanced BMSPC mobilization was associated with significant increases in angiogenesis, BM cell homing, cardiomyocytes, and c-Kit cell proliferation in THI-treated mice. Mice treated with THI demonstrated better recovery of cardiac functional parameters and a reduction in scar size. Pharmacological elevation of plasma bioactive lipids after AMI could contribute to BMSPC mobilization and could represent an attractive strategy for enhancing myocardial recovery and improving BMSC targeting. SIGNIFICANCE Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) initiates innate immune and reparatory mechanisms through which bone marrow-derived stem/progenitor cells (BMSPCs) are mobilized toward the ischemic myocardium and contribute to myocardial regeneration. Although it is clear that the magnitude of BMSPC mobilization after AMI correlates with cardiac recovery, the molecular events driving BMSPC mobilization and homing are poorly understood. The present study confirms the role of bioactive lipids in BMSPC mobilization after AMI and proposes a new strategy that improves cardiac recovery. Inhibiting sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) lyase (SPL) allows for the augmentation of the plasma levels of S1P and stem cell mobilization. These findings demonstrate that early transient SPL inhibition after MI correlates with increased stem cell mobilization and their homing to the infarct border zones. Augmenting BMSPC mobilization correlated with the formation of new blood vessels and cardiomyocytes and c-Kit cell proliferation. These novel findings on the cellular level were associated with functional cardiac recovery, reduced adverse remodeling, and a decrease in scar size. Taken together, these data indicate that pharmacological elevation of bioactive lipid levels can be beneficial in the early phase after cardiac ischemic injury. These findings provide the first evidence that a carefully timed transient pharmacological upregulation of bioactive lipids after AMI could be therapeutic, because it results in significant cardiac structural and functional improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri M Klyachkin
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Prabakara R Nagareddy
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Shaojing Ye
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Marcin Wysoczynski
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ahmed Asfour
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Manjula Sunkara
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ja A Brandon
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Rahul Annabathula
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Rakesh Ponnapureddy
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Matesh Solanki
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Zahida H Pervaiz
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Susan S Smyth
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Mariusz Z Ratajczak
- Stem Cell Biology Institute, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Andrew J Morris
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Latif
- Gill Heart Institute and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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31
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Binder BYK, Williams PA, Silva EA, Leach JK. Lysophosphatidic Acid and Sphingosine-1-Phosphate: A Concise Review of Biological Function and Applications for Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2015; 21:531-42. [PMID: 26035484 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The presentation and controlled release of bioactive signals to direct cellular growth and differentiation represents a widely used strategy in tissue engineering. Historically, work in this field has primarily focused on the delivery of large cytokines and growth factors, which can be costly to manufacture and difficult to deliver in a sustained manner. There has been a marked increase over the past decade in the pursuit of lipid mediators due to their wide range of effects over multiple cell types, low cost, and ease of scale-up. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) are two bioactive lysophospholipids (LPLs) that have gained attention for use as pharmacological agents in tissue engineering applications. While these lipids can have similar effects on cellular response, they possess distinct chemical backbones, mechanisms of synthesis and degradation, and signaling pathways using a discrete set of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). LPA and S1P predominantly act extracellularly on their GPCRs and can directly regulate cell survival, differentiation, cytokine secretion, proliferation, and migration--each of the important functions that must be considered in regenerative medicine. In addition to these potent physiological functions, these LPLs play pivotal roles in a number of pathophysiological processes. To capitalize on the promise of these molecules in tissue engineering, these lipids have been incorporated into biomaterials for in vivo delivery. Here, we survey the effects of LPA and S1P on both cellular- and tissue-level phenotypes, with an eye toward regulating stem/progenitor cell growth and differentiation. In particular, we examine work that has translational applications for cell-based tissue engineering strategies in promoting cell survival, bone and cartilage engineering, and therapeutic angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Y K Binder
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, Davis, California
| | - Priscilla A Williams
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, Davis, California
| | - Eduardo A Silva
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, Davis, California
| | - J Kent Leach
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California , Davis, Davis, California.,2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California , Davis, Sacramento, California
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32
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Hu X, Zhang L, Jin J, Zhu W, Xu Y, Wu Y, Wang Y, Chen H, Webster KA, Chen H, Yu H, Wang J. Heparanase released from mesenchymal stem cells activates integrin beta1/HIF-2alpha/Flk-1 signaling and promotes endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis. Stem Cells 2015; 33:1850-1862. [PMID: 25754303 PMCID: PMC5108061 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Heparanase plays important roles in tumor angiogenesis. Our previous study demonstrated that hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) enhanced the angiogenic and therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), effects that were paralleled by enhanced heparanase expression. This study was designed to elucidate the role of heparanase in the improved therapeutic properties of HPC-MSCs and to explore underlying mechanisms using an ischemic rat hind limb model. MSCs transfected with heparanase (MSC(hpa) ) or empty vector (MSC(null) ) were delivered by intramuscular injections to ischemic hind limbs. Hind limbs that received MSC(hpa) recovered blood flow more rapidly at 7 days and acquired higher capillary density at 14 days compared with MSC(null) . Conditioned medium from MSC(hpa) increased endothelial cell migration and promoted greater tube formation relative to that from the MSC(null) groups. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2, Flk-1) and its downstream signaling pathway (p38MAPK/HSP27) were significantly increased in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) after treatment with MSC(hpa) conditioned medium. Each of these responses was decreased by cocultured with MSC(hpa-KD) conditioned medium. MSC(hpa) conditioned medium activated hypoxia-inducible factor-2α (HIF-2α) and increased in parallel the transcript level of Flk-1 as determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR and luciferase assays. Analyses of integrin expression revealed an important role for integrin β1 in the regulation of HIF-2α. All angiogenic effects of MSC(hpa) conditioned medium were abolished by knockdown of integrin β1, HIF-2α, and Flk-1 in HUVECs with selective shRNAs. These findings identify heparanse as a key regulator of angiogenesis by MSCs. We propose a novel pathway wherein heparanse sequentially activates integrin β1, HIF-2α, Flk-1, and p38MAPK/HSP27 with corresponding enhancement of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinchuan Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yingchao Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Keith A. Webster
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Leonard M. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Huiqiang Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian’an Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Laurenzana A, Cencetti F, Serratì S, Bruno G, Japtok L, Bianchini F, Torre E, Fibbi G, Del Rosso M, Bruni P, Donati C. Endothelial sphingosine kinase/SPNS2 axis is critical for vessel-like formation by human mesoangioblasts. J Mol Med (Berl) 2015; 93:1145-57. [PMID: 25952146 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1292-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The interaction between endothelial cells and pericytes is crucial for the stabilization of newly formed vessels in angiogenesis. The comprehension of the mechanisms regulating pericyte recruitment might open therapeutical perspectives on vascular-related pathologies. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid that derives from sphingomyelin catabolism and regulates biological functions in cell survival, proliferation, and differentiation. In this study, we aimed to identify the role of S1P axis in the intercellular communication between human mesenchymal progenitor mesoangioblasts (MAB) and endothelial cells (human microvascular endothelial cells (H-MVEC)) in the formation of capillary-like structures. We demonstrated that the S1P biosynthetic pathway brought about by sphingosine kinases (SK) SK1 and SK2 as well as spinster homolog 2 (SPNS2) transporter in H-MVEC is crucial for MAB migration measured by Boyden chambers and for the formation and stabilization of capillary-like structures in a 3D Matrigel culture. Moreover, the conditioned medium (CM) harvested from H-MVEC, where SK1, SK2, and SPNS2 were down-regulated, exerted a significantly diminished effect on MAB capillary morphogenesis and migration. Notably, we demonstrated that S1P1 and S1P3 receptors were positively involved in CM-induced capillary-like formation and migration, while S1P2 exerted a negative role on CM-induced migratory action of MAB. Finally, SK inhibition as well as MAB S1P1 and S1P3 down-regulation impaired H-MVEC-MAB cross-talk significantly reducing in vivo angiogenesis evaluated by Matrigel plug assay. These findings individuate novel targets for the employment of MAB in vascular-related pathologic conditions. KEY MESSAGE • Down-regulation of SK1/2 in H-MVEC impaired vessel formation when cultured with MAB. • H-MVEC SPNS2 is critical for morphogenesis and migration induced by H-MVEC CM of MAB. • CM from SK1- and SK2-siRNA H-MVEC impaired morphogenesis and migration of MAB. • S1P1/3 were involved on CM-induced morphogenesis and migration of MAB. • Matrigel plug assay showed the role of S1P axis in MAB-endothelial cell interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Laurenzana
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università di Firenze, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Cencetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università di Firenze, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Simona Serratì
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università di Firenze, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy.,Department of Experimental Oncology, Hematology Unit, Advanced Cellular Therapy Centre, Bari, Italy
| | - Gennaro Bruno
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università di Firenze, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Lukasz Japtok
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Institute of Nutritional Science, Department of Toxicology, University of Potsdam, Arthur-Scheunert Allee 114-116, 14558, Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Francesca Bianchini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università di Firenze, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Eugenio Torre
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università di Firenze, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Gabriella Fibbi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università di Firenze, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Del Rosso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università di Firenze, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Bruni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università di Firenze, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - Chiara Donati
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Sperimentali e Cliniche "Mario Serio", Università di Firenze, Viale G.B. Morgagni 50, 50134, Florence, Italy.
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Williams PA, Stilhano RS, To VP, Tran L, Wong K, Silva EA. Hypoxia augments outgrowth endothelial cell (OEC) sprouting and directed migration in response to sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123437. [PMID: 25875493 PMCID: PMC4398361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic angiogenesis provides a promising approach to treat ischemic cardiovascular diseases through the delivery of proangiogenic cells and/or molecules. Outgrowth endothelial cells (OECs) are vascular progenitor cells that are especially suited for therapeutic strategies given their ease of noninvasive isolation from umbilical cord or adult peripheral blood and their potent ability to enhance tissue neovascularization. These cells are recruited to sites of vascular injury or tissue ischemia and directly incorporate within native vascular endothelium to participate in neovessel formation. A better understanding of how OEC activity may be boosted under hypoxia with external stimulation by proangiogenic molecules remains a challenge to improving their therapeutic potential. While vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is widely established as a critical factor for initiating angiogenesis, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a bioactive lysophospholipid, has recently gained great enthusiasm as a potential mediator in neovascularization strategies. This study tests the hypothesis that hypoxia and the presence of VEGF impact the angiogenic response of OECs to S1P stimulation in vitro. We found that hypoxia altered the dynamically regulated S1P receptor 1 (S1PR1) expression on OECs in the presence of S1P (1.0 μM) and/or VEGF (1.3 nM). The combined stimuli of S1P and VEGF together promoted OEC angiogenic activity as assessed by proliferation, wound healing, 3D sprouting, and directed migration under both normoxia and hypoxia. Hypoxia substantially augmented the response to S1P alone, resulting in ~6.5-fold and ~25-fold increases in sprouting and directed migration, respectively. Overall, this report highlights the importance of establishing hypoxic conditions in vitro when studying ischemia-related angiogenic strategies employing vascular progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla A. Williams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Roberta S. Stilhano
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian P. To
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Lyndon Tran
- Department of Neurobiology, Physiology, and Behavior, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Kevin Wong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Eduardo A. Silva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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