1
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Song A, Yan R, Xiong W, Xiang H, Huang J, Jiang A, Zhang C. Early growth response protein 2 promotes partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition by phosphorylating Smad3 during renal fibrosis. Transl Res 2024; 271:13-25. [PMID: 38679230 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious health problem worldwide, which ultimately leads to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal fibrosis is the common pathway and major pathological manifestation for various CKD proceeding to ESRD. However, the underlying mechanisms and effective therapies are still ambiguous. Early growth response 2 (EGR2) is reportedly involved in organ formation and cell differentiation. To determine the role of EGR2 in renal fibrosis, we respectively confirmed the increased expression of EGR2 in kidney specimens from both CKD patients and mice with location in proximal tubules. Genetic deletion of EGR2 attenuated obstructive nephropathy while EGR2 overexpression further promoted renal fibrosis in mice subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) due to extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition mediating by partial epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) as well as imbalance between matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of MMPs (TIMPs). We found that EGR2 played a critical role in Smad3 phosphorylation, and inhibition of EGR2 reduced partial EMT leading to blockade of ECM accumulation in cultured human kidney 2 cells (HK2) treated with transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). In addition, the transcription co-stimulator signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation was confirmed to regulate the transcription level of EGR2 in TGF-β1-induced HK2 cells. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that EGR2 played a pathogenic role in renal fibrosis by a p-STAT3-EGR2-p-Smad3 axis. Thus, targeting EGR2 could be a promising strategy for CKD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anni Song
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Ruiwei Yan
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Huiling Xiang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Anni Jiang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Tongji Medical College, Union Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China.
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2
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Chen CH, Chen Y, Li YN, Zhang H, Huang X, Li YY, Li ZY, Han JX, Wu XY, Liu HJ, Sun T. EGR3 Inhibits Tumor Progression by Inducing Schwann Cell-Like Differentiation. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2400066. [PMID: 38973154 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024]
Abstract
The mechanism and function of the expression of Schwann characteristics by nevus cells in the mature zone of the dermis are unknown. Early growth response 3 (EGR3) induces Schwann cell-like differentiation of melanoma cells by simulating the process of nevus maturation, which leads to a strong phenotypic transformation of the cells, including the formation of long protrusions and a decrease in cell motility, proliferation, and melanin production. Meanwhile, EGR3 regulates the levels of myelin protein zero (MPZ) and collagen type I alpha 1 chain (COL1A1) through SRY-box transcription factor 10 (SOX10)-dependent and independent mechanisms, by binding to non-strictly conserved motifs, respectively. Schwann cell-like differentiation demonstrates significant benefits in both in vivo and clinical studies. Finally, a CD86-P2A-EGR3 recombinant mRNA vaccine is developed which leads to tumor control through forced cell differentiation and enhanced immune infiltration. Together, these data support further development of the recombinant mRNA as a treatment for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Hong Chen
- Tianjin Nankai University State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Tianjin Nankai University State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yi-Nan Li
- Tianjin Nankai University State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Tianjin Nankai University State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, 300450, China
| | - Xiu Huang
- Tianjin Nankai University State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, 300450, China
| | - Ying-Ying Li
- Tianjin Nankai University State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Zhi-Yang Li
- Tianjin Nankai University State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, 300450, China
| | - Jing-Xia Han
- Tianjin Nankai University State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, 300450, China
| | - Xin-Ying Wu
- Tianjin Nankai University State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Hui-Juan Liu
- Tianjin Nankai University State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin, 300450, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Tianjin Nankai University State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology and College of Pharmacy, Tianjin, 300350, China
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3
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da Silva AR, Gunawan F, Boezio GLM, Faure E, Théron A, Avierinos JF, Lim S, Jha SG, Ramadass R, Guenther S, Looso M, Zaffran S, Juan T, Stainier DYR. egr3 is a mechanosensitive transcription factor gene required for cardiac valve morphogenesis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadl0633. [PMID: 38748804 PMCID: PMC11095463 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl0633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Biomechanical forces, and their molecular transducers, including key mechanosensitive transcription factor genes, such as KLF2, are required for cardiac valve morphogenesis. However, klf2 mutants fail to completely recapitulate the valveless phenotype observed under no-flow conditions. Here, we identify the transcription factor EGR3 as a conserved biomechanical force transducer critical for cardiac valve formation. We first show that egr3 null zebrafish display a complete and highly penetrant loss of valve leaflets, leading to severe blood regurgitation. Using tissue-specific loss- and gain-of-function tools, we find that during cardiac valve formation, Egr3 functions cell-autonomously in endothelial cells, and identify one of its effectors, the nuclear receptor Nr4a2b. We further find that mechanical forces up-regulate egr3/EGR3 expression in the developing zebrafish heart and in porcine valvular endothelial cells, as well as during human aortic valve remodeling. Altogether, these findings reveal that EGR3 is necessary to transduce the biomechanical cues required for zebrafish cardiac valve morphogenesis, and potentially for pathological aortic valve remodeling in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agatha Ribeiro da Silva
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Felix Gunawan
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Giulia L. M. Boezio
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Emilie Faure
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, MMG, U1251, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Alexis Théron
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, MMG, U1251, 13005 Marseille, France
- Service de Chirurgie Cardiaque, AP-HM, Hôpital de la Timone, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-François Avierinos
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, MMG, U1251, 13005 Marseille, France
- Service de Cardiologie, AP-HM, Hôpital de la Timone, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - SoEun Lim
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Shivam Govind Jha
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Radhan Ramadass
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Guenther
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Bioinformatics and Deep Sequencing Platform, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Mario Looso
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Bioinformatics Core Unit (BCU), Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Stéphane Zaffran
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, MMG, U1251, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Juan
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Didier Y. R. Stainier
- Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Department of Developmental Genetics, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Rhine-Main, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Bad Nauheim, Germany
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4
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Odelin G, Faucherre A, Marchese D, Pinard A, Jaouadi H, Le Scouarnec S, Chiarelli R, Achouri Y, Faure E, Herbane M, Théron A, Avierinos JF, Jopling C, Collod-Béroud G, Rezsohazy R, Zaffran S. Variations in the poly-histidine repeat motif of HOXA1 contribute to bicuspid aortic valve in mouse and zebrafish. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1543. [PMID: 36941270 PMCID: PMC10027860 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve (BAV), the most common cardiovascular malformation occurs in 0.5-1.2% of the population. Although highly heritable, few causal mutations have been identified in BAV patients. Here, we report the targeted sequencing of HOXA1 in a cohort of BAV patients and the identification of rare indel variants in the homopolymeric histidine tract of HOXA1. In vitro analysis shows that disruption of this motif leads to a significant reduction in protein half-life and defective transcriptional activity of HOXA1. In zebrafish, targeting hoxa1a ortholog results in aortic valve defects. In vivo assays indicates that these variants behave as dominant negatives leading abnormal valve development. In mice, deletion of Hoxa1 leads to BAV with a very small, rudimentary non-coronary leaflet. We also show that 17% of homozygous Hoxa1-1His knock-in mice present similar phenotype. Genetic lineage tracing in Hoxa1-/- mutant mice reveals an abnormal reduction of neural crest-derived cells in the valve leaflet, which is caused by a failure of early migration of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Odelin
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, U1251, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Adèle Faucherre
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | - Damien Marchese
- Animal Molecular and Cellular Biology group, Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, 5 (L7.07.10) place Croix du Sud, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Amélie Pinard
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, U1251, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Hager Jaouadi
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, U1251, 13005, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Raphaël Chiarelli
- Animal Molecular and Cellular Biology group, Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, 5 (L7.07.10) place Croix du Sud, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Younes Achouri
- Transgenesis Platform, de Duve Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emilie Faure
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, U1251, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Marine Herbane
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, U1251, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Alexis Théron
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, U1251, 13005, Marseille, France
- Service de Chirurgie Cardiaque, AP-HM, Hôpital de la Timone, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Jean-François Avierinos
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, U1251, 13005, Marseille, France
- Service de Cardiologie, AP-HM, Hôpital de la Timone, 13005, Marseille, France
| | - Chris Jopling
- Institute of Functional Genomics, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Montpellier, France
| | | | - René Rezsohazy
- Animal Molecular and Cellular Biology group, Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, 5 (L7.07.10) place Croix du Sud, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Stéphane Zaffran
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, U1251, 13005, Marseille, France.
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5
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New Concepts in the Development and Malformation of the Arterial Valves. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:jcdd7040038. [PMID: 32987700 PMCID: PMC7712390 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7040038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although in many ways the arterial and atrioventricular valves are similar, both being derived for the most part from endocardial cushions, we now know that the arterial valves and their surrounding structures are uniquely dependent on progenitors from both the second heart field (SHF) and neural crest cells (NCC). Here, we will review aspects of arterial valve development, highlighting how our appreciation of NCC and the discovery of the SHF have altered our developmental models. We will highlight areas of research that have been particularly instructive for understanding how the leaflets form and remodel, as well as those with limited or conflicting results. With this background, we will explore how this developmental knowledge can help us to understand human valve malformations, particularly those of the bicuspid aortic valve (BAV). Controversies and the current state of valve genomics will be indicated.
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6
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Cardiac Neural Crest Cells: Their Rhombomeric Specification, Migration, and Association with Heart and Great Vessel Anomalies. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 41:403-429. [PMID: 32405705 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00863-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Outflow tract abnormalities are the most frequent congenital heart defects. These are due to the absence or dysfunction of the two main cell types, i.e., neural crest cells and secondary heart field cells that migrate in opposite directions at the same stage of development. These cells directly govern aortic arch patterning and development, ascending aorta dilatation, semi-valvular and coronary artery development, aortopulmonary septation abnormalities, persistence of the ductus arteriosus, trunk and proximal pulmonary arteries, sub-valvular conal ventricular septal/rotational defects, and non-compaction of the left ventricle. In some cases, depending on the functional defects of these cells, additional malformations are found in the expected spatial migratory area of the cells, namely in the pharyngeal arch derivatives and cervico-facial structures. Associated non-cardiovascular anomalies are often underestimated, since the multipotency and functional alteration of these cells can result in the modification of multiple neural, epidermal, and cervical structures at different levels. In most cases, patients do not display the full phenotype of abnormalities, but congenital cardiac defects involving the ventricular outflow tract, ascending aorta, aortic arch and supra-aortic trunks should be considered as markers for possible impaired function of these cells. Neural crest cells should not be considered as a unique cell population but on the basis of their cervical rhombomere origins R3-R5 or R6-R7-R8 and specific migration patterns: R3-R4 towards arch II, R5-R6 arch III and R7-R8 arch IV and VI. A better understanding of their development may lead to the discovery of unknown associated abnormalities, thereby enabling potential improvements to be made to the therapeutic approach.
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7
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Ravalli F, Kossar AP, Takayama H, Grau JB, Ferrari G. Aortic Valve Regurgitation: Pathophysiology and Implications for Surgical Intervention in the Era of TAVR. STRUCTURAL HEART : THE JOURNAL OF THE HEART TEAM 2020; 4:87-98. [PMID: 32529168 PMCID: PMC7288848 DOI: 10.1080/24748706.2020.1719446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Aortic insufficiency (AI) or regurgitation is caused by the malcoaptation of the aortic valve (AV) cusps due to intrinsic abnormalities of the valve itself, a dilatation or geometric distortion of the aortic root, or by some combination thereof. In recent years, there has been an increase in the number of studies suggesting that AI is an active disease process caused by a combination of factors including but not limited to alteration of specific molecular pathways, genetic predisposition, and changes in the mechanotransductive properties of the AV apparatus. As the surgical management of AV disease continues to evolve, increasingly sophisticated surgical and percutaneous techniques for AV repair and replacement, including transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), have become more commonplace and will likely continue to expand as new devices are introduced. However, these techniques necessitate frequent reappraisal of the biological and mechanobiological mechanisms underlying AV regurgitation to better understand the risk factors for AI development and recurrence following surgical intervention as well as expand our limited knowledge on patient selection for such procedures. The aim of this review is to describe some of the putative mechanisms implicated in the development of AI, dissect some of the cross-talk among known and possible signaling pathways leading to valve remodeling, identify association between these pathways and pharmacological approaches, and discuss the implications for surgical and percutaneous approaches to AV repair in replacement in the TAVR era.
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8
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Odelin G, Faure E, Maurel-Zaffran C, Zaffran S. Krox20 Regulates Endothelial Nitric Oxide Signaling in Aortic Valve Development and Disease. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2019; 6:jcdd6040039. [PMID: 31684048 PMCID: PMC6955692 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd6040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the aortic valve diseases, the bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) occurs when the aortic valve has two leaflets (cusps), rather than three, and represents the most common form of congenital cardiac malformation, affecting 1–2% of the population. Despite recent advances, the etiology of BAV is poorly understood. We have recently shown that Krox20 is expressed in endothelial and cardiac neural crest derivatives that normally contribute to aortic valve development and that lack of Krox20 in these cells leads to aortic valve defects including partially penetrant BAV formation. Dysregulated expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (Nos3) is associated with BAV. To investigate the relationship between Krox20 and Nos3 during aortic valve development, we performed inter-genetic cross. While single heterozygous mice had normal valve formation, the compound Krox20+/−;Nos3+/− mice had BAV malformations displaying an in vivo genetic interaction between these genes for normal valve morphogenesis. Moreover, in vivo and in vitro experiments demonstrate that Krox20 directly binds to Nos3 proximal promoter to activate its expression. Our data suggests that Krox20 is a regulator of nitric oxide in endothelial-derived cells in the development of the aortic valve and concludes on the interaction of Krox20 and Nos3 in BAV formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Odelin
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, U1251, 13005 Marseille, France.
| | - Emilie Faure
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, U1251, 13005 Marseille, France.
| | | | - Stéphane Zaffran
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, Marseille Medical Genetics, U1251, 13005 Marseille, France.
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9
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Qu X, Violette K, Sewell-Loftin MK, Soslow J, Saint-Jean L, Hinton RB, Merryman WD, Baldwin HS. Loss of flow responsive Tie1 results in Impaired
Aortic valve remodeling. Dev Biol 2019; 455:73-84. [PMID: 31319059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms regulating endothelial cell response to hemodynamic forces required for heart valve development, especially valve remodeling, remain elusive. Tie1, an endothelial specific receptor tyrosine kinase, is up-regulated by oscillating shear stress and is required for lymphatic valve development. In this study, we demonstrate that valvular endothelial Tie1 is differentially expressed in a dynamic pattern predicted by disturbed flow during valve remodeling. Following valvular endocardial specific deletion of Tie1 in mice, we observed enlarged aortic valve leaflets, decreased valve stiffness and valvular insufficiency. Valve abnormalities were only detected in late gestation and early postnatal mutant animals and worsened with age. The mutant mice developed perturbed extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and remodeling characterized by increased glycosaminoglycan and decreased collagen content, as well as increased valve interstitial cell expression of Sox9, a transcription factor essential for normal ECM maturation during heart valve development. This study provides the first evidence that Tie1 is involved in modulation of late valve remodeling and suggests that an important Tie1-Sox9 signaling axis exists through which disturbed flows are converted by endocardial cells to paracrine Sox9 signals to modulate normal matrix remodeling of the aortic valve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghu Qu
- Division of Pediatrics Cardiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kate Violette
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - M K Sewell-Loftin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan Soslow
- Division of Pediatrics Cardiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - LeShana Saint-Jean
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert B Hinton
- Division of Cardiology, The Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - W David Merryman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - H Scott Baldwin
- Division of Pediatrics Cardiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
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10
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Zaffran S, Odelin G, Stefanovic S, Lescroart F, Etchevers HC. Ectopic expression of Hoxb1 induces cardiac and craniofacial malformations. Genesis 2018; 56:e23221. [PMID: 30134070 DOI: 10.1002/dvg.23221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Members of the large family of Hox transcription factors are encoded by genes whose tightly regulated expression in development and in space within different embryonic tissues confer positional identity from the neck to the tips of the limbs. Many structures of the face, head, and heart develop from cell populations expressing few or no Hox genes. Hoxb1 is the member of its chromosomal cluster expressed in the most rostral domain during vertebrate development, but never by the multipotent neural crest cell population anterior to the cerebellum. We have developed a novel floxed transgenic mouse line, CAG-Hoxb1,-EGFP (CAG-Hoxb1), which upon recombination by Cre recombinase conditionally induces robust Hoxb1 and eGFP overexpression. When induced within the neural crest lineage, pups die at birth. A variable phenotype develops from E11.5 on, associating frontonasal hypoplasia/aplasia, micrognathia/agnathia, major ocular and forebrain anomalies, and cardiovascular malformations. Neural crest derivatives in the body appear unaffected. Transcription of effectors of developmental signaling pathways (Bmp, Shh, Vegfa) and transcription factors (Pax3, Sox9) is altered in mutants. These outcomes emphasize that repression of Hoxb1, along with other paralog group 1 and 2 Hox genes, is strictly necessary in anterior cephalic NC for craniofacial, visual, auditory, and cardiovascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaëlle Odelin
- Aix Marseille Univ, MMG, INSERM, Marseille, U1251, France
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11
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Odelin G, Faure E, Coulpier F, Di Bonito M, Bajolle F, Studer M, Avierinos JF, Charnay P, Topilko P, Zaffran S. Krox20 defines a subpopulation of cardiac neural crest cells contributing to arterial valves and bicuspid aortic valve. Development 2018; 145:dev.151944. [PMID: 29158447 DOI: 10.1242/dev.151944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although cardiac neural crest cells are required at early stages of arterial valve development, their contribution during valvular leaflet maturation remains poorly understood. Here, we show in mouse that neural crest cells from pre-otic and post-otic regions make distinct contributions to the arterial valve leaflets. Genetic fate-mapping analysis of Krox20-expressing neural crest cells shows a large contribution to the borders and the interleaflet triangles of the arterial valves. Loss of Krox20 function results in hyperplastic aortic valve and partially penetrant bicuspid aortic valve formation. Similar defects are observed in neural crest Krox20-deficient embryos. Genetic lineage tracing in Krox20-/- mutant mice shows that endothelial-derived cells are normal, whereas neural crest-derived cells are abnormally increased in number and misplaced in the valve leaflets. In contrast, genetic ablation of Krox20-expressing cells is not sufficient to cause an aortic valve defect, suggesting that adjacent cells can compensate this depletion. Our findings demonstrate a crucial role for Krox20 in arterial valve development and reveal that an excess of neural crest cells may be associated with bicuspid aortic valve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Odelin
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, GMGF, Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Faure
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, GMGF, Marseille, France
| | - Fanny Coulpier
- INSERM, U1024, IBENS, École normale supérieure, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 8197, IBENS, École normale supérieure, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Maria Di Bonito
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06108 Nice cedex 2, France
| | - Fanny Bajolle
- Centre de Référence Malformations Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes (M3C), Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Michèle Studer
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06108 Nice cedex 2, France
| | - Jean-François Avierinos
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, GMGF, Marseille, France.,Service de cardiologie, Hôpital de la Timone, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Charnay
- INSERM, U1024, IBENS, École normale supérieure, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 8197, IBENS, École normale supérieure, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Piotr Topilko
- INSERM, U1024, IBENS, École normale supérieure, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 8197, IBENS, École normale supérieure, 46 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France
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12
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Khadzhieva MB, Kolobkov DS, Kamoeva SV, Salnikova LE. Expression changes in pelvic organ prolapse: a systematic review and in silico study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7668. [PMID: 28794464 PMCID: PMC5550478 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a highly disabling condition common for a vast number of women worldwide. To contribute to existing knowledge in POP pathogenesis, we performed a systematic review of expression studies on both specific gene and whole-genome/proteome levels and an in silico analysis of publicly available datasets related to POP development. The most extensively investigated genes in individual studies were related to extracellular matrix (ECM) organization. Three premenopausal and two postmenopausal sets from two Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) studies (GSE53868 and GSE12852) were analyzed; Gene Ontology (GO) terms related to tissue repair (locomotion, biological adhesion, immune processes and other) were enriched in all five datasets. Co-expression was higher in cases than in controls in three premenopausal sets. The shared between two or more datasets up-regulated genes were enriched with those related to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the NHGRI GWAS Catalog. ECM-related genes were not over-represented among differently expressed genes. Up-regulation of genes related to tissue renewal probably reflects compensatory mechanisms aimed at repair of damaged tissue. Inefficiency of this process may have different origins including age-related deregulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam B Khadzhieva
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Gubkina str., Moscow, 119333, Russia.,Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 1 Samory Mashela str., Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Kolobkov
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Gubkina str., Moscow, 119333, Russia
| | - Svetlana V Kamoeva
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, 1 Ostrovitianov str., Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - Lyubov E Salnikova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 3 Gubkina str., Moscow, 119333, Russia. .,Dmitry Rogachev National Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 1 Samory Mashela str., Moscow, 117997, Russia.
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13
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Hulin A, Moore V, James JM, Yutzey KE. Loss of Axin2 results in impaired heart valve maturation and subsequent myxomatous valve disease. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 113:40-51. [PMID: 28069701 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Myxomatous valve disease (MVD) is the most common aetiology of primary mitral regurgitation. Recent studies suggest that defects in heart valve development can lead to heart valve disease in adults. Wnt/β-catenin signalling is active during heart valve development and has been reported in human MVD. The consequences of increased Wnt/β-catenin signalling due to Axin2 deficiency in postnatal valve remodelling and pathogenesis of MVD were determined. METHODS AND RESULTS To investigate the role of Wnt/β-catenin signalling, we analysed heart valves from mice deficient in Axin2 (KO), a negative regulator of Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Axin2 KO mice display enlarged mitral and aortic valves (AoV) after birth with increased Wnt/β-catenin signalling and cell proliferation, whereas Sox9 expression and collagen deposition are decreased. At 2 months in Axin2 KO mice, the valve extracellular matrix (ECM) is stratified but distal AoV leaflets remain thickened and develop aortic insufficiency. Progressive myxomatous degeneration is apparent at 4 months with extensive ECM remodelling and focal aggrecan-rich areas, along with increased BMP signalling. Infiltration of inflammatory cells is also observed in Axin2 KO AoV prior to ECM remodelling. Overall, these features are consistent with the progression of human MVD. Finally, Axin2 expression is decreased and Wnt/β-catenin signalling is increased in myxomatous mitral valves in a murine model of Marfan syndrome, supporting the importance of Wnt/β-catenin signalling in the development of MVD. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these data indicate that Axin2 limits Wnt/β-catenin signalling after birth and allows proper heart valve maturation. Moreover, dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling resulting from loss of Axin2 leads to progressive MVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Hulin
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, ML7020, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Vicky Moore
- Division of Cardiology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jeanne M James
- Division of Cardiology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Katherine E Yutzey
- Division of Molecular Cardiovascular Biology, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, ML7020, 240 Albert Sabin Way, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
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14
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Lauriol J, Cabrera JR, Roy A, Keith K, Hough SM, Damilano F, Wang B, Segarra GC, Flessa ME, Miller LE, Das S, Bronson R, Lee KH, Kontaridis MI. Developmental SHP2 dysfunction underlies cardiac hypertrophy in Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:2989-3005. [PMID: 27348588 PMCID: PMC4966304 DOI: 10.1172/jci80396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a common cause of mortality in congenital heart disease (CHD). Many gene abnormalities are associated with cardiac hypertrophy, but their function in cardiac development is not well understood. Loss-of-function mutations in PTPN11, which encodes the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) SHP2, are implicated in CHD and cause Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines (NSML), a condition that often presents with cardiac hypertrophic defects. Here, we found that NSML-associated hypertrophy stems from aberrant signaling mechanisms originating in developing endocardium. Trabeculation and valvular hyperplasia were diminished in hearts of embryonic mice expressing a human NSML-associated variant of SHP2, and these defects were recapitulated in mice expressing NSML-associated SHP2 specifically in endothelial, but not myocardial or neural crest, cells. In contrast, mice with myocardial- but not endothelial-specific NSML SHP2 expression developed ventricular septal defects, suggesting that NSML-associated mutations have both cell-autonomous and nonautonomous functions in cardiac development. However, only endothelial-specific expression of NSML-associated SHP2 induced adult-onset cardiac hypertrophy. Further, embryos expressing the NSML-associated SHP2 mutation exhibited aberrant AKT activity and decreased downstream forkhead box P1 (FOXP1)/FGF and NOTCH1/EPHB2 signaling, indicating that SHP2 is required for regulating reciprocal crosstalk between developing endocardium and myocardium. Together, our data provide functional and disease-based evidence that aberrant SHP2 signaling during cardiac development leads to CHD and adult-onset heart hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Lauriol
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Janel R. Cabrera
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ashbeel Roy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kimberly Keith
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sara M. Hough
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Federico Damilano
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bonnie Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gabriel C. Segarra
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Meaghan E. Flessa
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Lauren E. Miller
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Saumya Das
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Kyu-Ho Lee
- Department of Pediatrics and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Maria I. Kontaridis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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15
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Steed E, Faggianelli N, Roth S, Ramspacher C, Concordet JP, Vermot J. klf2a couples mechanotransduction and zebrafish valve morphogenesis through fibronectin synthesis. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11646. [PMID: 27221222 PMCID: PMC4894956 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The heartbeat and blood flow signal to endocardial cell progenitors through mechanosensitive proteins that modulate the genetic program controlling heart valve morphogenesis. To date, the mechanism by which mechanical forces coordinate tissue morphogenesis is poorly understood. Here we use high-resolution imaging to uncover the coordinated cell behaviours leading to heart valve formation. We find that heart valves originate from progenitors located in the ventricle and atrium that generate the valve leaflets through a coordinated set of endocardial tissue movements. Gene profiling analyses and live imaging reveal that this reorganization is dependent on extracellular matrix proteins, in particular on the expression of fibronectin1b. We show that blood flow and klf2a, a major endocardial flow-responsive gene, control these cell behaviours and fibronectin1b synthesis. Our results uncover a unique multicellular layering process leading to leaflet formation and demonstrate that endocardial mechanotransduction and valve morphogenesis are coupled via cellular rearrangements mediated by fibronectin synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Steed
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch 67404, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch 67404, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch 67404, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67404, France
| | - Nathalie Faggianelli
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch 67404, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch 67404, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch 67404, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67404, France
| | - Stéphane Roth
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch 67404, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch 67404, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch 67404, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67404, France
| | - Caroline Ramspacher
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch 67404, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch 67404, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch 67404, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67404, France
| | - Jean-Paul Concordet
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
- CNRS UMR 7196, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
- INSERM U1154, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Julien Vermot
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch 67404, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch 67404, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch 67404, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch 67404, France
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16
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MacGrogan D, D'Amato G, Travisano S, Martinez-Poveda B, Luxán G, Del Monte-Nieto G, Papoutsi T, Sbroggio M, Bou V, Gomez-Del Arco P, Gómez MJ, Zhou B, Redondo JM, Jiménez-Borreguero LJ, de la Pompa JL. Sequential Ligand-Dependent Notch Signaling Activation Regulates Valve Primordium Formation and Morphogenesis. Circ Res 2016; 118:1480-97. [PMID: 27056911 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.115.308077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The Notch signaling pathway is crucial for primitive cardiac valve formation by epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and NOTCH1 mutations cause bicuspid aortic valve; however, the temporal requirement for the various Notch ligands and receptors during valve ontogeny is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to determine the functional specificity of Notch in valve development. METHODS AND RESULTS Using cardiac-specific conditional targeted mutant mice, we find that endothelial/endocardial deletion of Mib1-Dll4-Notch1 signaling, possibly favored by Manic-Fringe, is specifically required for cardiac epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Mice lacking endocardial Jag1, Notch1, or RBPJ displayed enlarged valve cusps, bicuspid aortic valve, and septal defects, indicating that endocardial Jag1 to Notch1 signaling is required for post-epithelial-mesenchymal transition valvulogenesis. Valve dysmorphology was associated with increased mesenchyme proliferation, indicating that Jag1-Notch1 signaling restricts mesenchyme cell proliferation non-cell autonomously. Gene profiling revealed upregulated Bmp signaling in Jag1-mutant valves, providing a molecular basis for the hyperproliferative phenotype. Significantly, the negative regulator of mesenchyme proliferation, Hbegf, was markedly reduced in Jag1-mutant valves. Hbegf expression in embryonic endocardial cells could be readily activated through a RBPJ-binding site, identifying Hbegf as an endocardial Notch target. Accordingly, addition of soluble heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor to Jag1-mutant outflow tract explant cultures rescued the hyperproliferative phenotype. CONCLUSIONS During cardiac valve formation, Dll4-Notch1 signaling leads to epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cushion formation. Jag1-Notch1 signaling subsequently restrains Bmp-mediated valve mesenchyme proliferation by sustaining Hbegf-EGF receptor signaling. Our studies identify a mechanism of signaling cross talk during valve morphogenesis involved in the origin of congenital heart defects associated with reduced NOTCH function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donal MacGrogan
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Gaetano D'Amato
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Stanislao Travisano
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Beatriz Martinez-Poveda
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Guillermo Luxán
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Gonzalo Del Monte-Nieto
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Tania Papoutsi
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Mauro Sbroggio
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Vanesa Bou
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Pablo Gomez-Del Arco
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Manuel Jose Gómez
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Bin Zhou
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Juan Miguel Redondo
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - Luis J Jiménez-Borreguero
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.)
| | - José Luis de la Pompa
- From the Intercellular Signaling in Cardiovascular Development and Disease Laboratory (D.M., G.D., S.T., B.M.-P., G.L., G.d.M.-N., T.P., M.S., V.B., J.L.d.l.P.), Regulation of Gene Expression in Vascular Endothelium Laboratory (P.G.-d. A., J.M.R.), Bioinformatics Unit (M.J.G.), and Cardiovascular Imaging Laboratory (L.J.J.-B.), Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain (P.G.-d. A.); Department of Genetics, Pediatrics, and Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY (B.Z.); and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital, Universitario La Princesa, Madrid, Spain (L.J.J.-B.).
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Escot S, Blavet C, Faure E, Zaffran S, Duband JL, Fournier-Thibault C. Disruption of CXCR4 signaling in pharyngeal neural crest cells causes DiGeorge syndrome-like malformations. Development 2016; 143:582-8. [PMID: 26755698 DOI: 10.1242/dev.126573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) is a congenital disease causing cardiac outflow tract anomalies, craniofacial dysmorphogenesis, thymus hypoplasia, and mental disorders. It results from defective development of neural crest cells (NCs) that colonize the pharyngeal arches and contribute to lower jaw, neck and heart tissues. Although TBX1 has been identified as the main gene accounting for the defects observed in human patients and mouse models, the molecular mechanisms underlying DGS etiology are poorly identified. The recent demonstrations that the SDF1/CXCR4 axis is implicated in NC chemotactic guidance and impaired in cortical interneurons of mouse DGS models prompted us to search for genetic interactions between Tbx1, Sdf1 (Cxcl12) and Cxcr4 in pharyngeal NCs and to investigate the effect of altering CXCR4 signaling on the ontogeny of their derivatives, which are affected in DGS. Here, we provide evidence that Cxcr4 and Sdf1 are genetically downstream of Tbx1 during pharyngeal NC development and that reduction of CXCR4 signaling causes misrouting of pharyngeal NCs in chick and dramatic morphological alterations in the mandibular skeleton, thymus and cranial sensory ganglia. Our results therefore support the possibility of a pivotal role for the SDF1/CXCR4 axis in DGS etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Escot
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris 75252 Cedex 5, France CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris 75252 Cedex 5, France
| | - Cédrine Blavet
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris 75252 Cedex 5, France CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris 75252 Cedex 5, France
| | - Emilie Faure
- Aix Marseille Université, GMGF UMRS910, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille 13385, France Inserm U910, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Stéphane Zaffran
- Aix Marseille Université, GMGF UMRS910, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille 13385, France Inserm U910, Faculté de Médecine, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Jean-Loup Duband
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris 75252 Cedex 5, France CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris 75252 Cedex 5, France
| | - Claire Fournier-Thibault
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris 75252 Cedex 5, France CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement, Paris 75252 Cedex 5, France
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Théron A, Odelin G, Faure E, Avierinos JF, Zaffran S. Krox20 heterozygous mice: A model of aortic regurgitation associated with decreased expression of fibrillar collagen genes. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2015; 109:188-98. [PMID: 26711547 DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2015.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mechanism involved in the onset of aortic valve (AoV) disease remains unclear despite its poor prognosis and frequency. Recently, we reported that Krox20 (EGR2 in humans) is involved in AoV development and dysfunction. AIM Analyze Krox20 heterozygous mice (Krox20(+/-)) to discover whether incomplete expression of Krox20 can cause valvular diseases. METHODS Transcriptional levels of Col1a2/COL1A2 and Krox20/EGR2 in AoVs from Krox20(+/-) mice and human patients operated on for severe aortic regurgitation were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Human control valves were obtained from three transplanted patients without AoV disease. Twenty-one heterozygous Krox20(+/-) mice were compared with 35 controls at different ages. Three independent measurements of valve thickness were performed on magnified tissue sections using Image J software. In vivo valve structure and function were evaluated using the high-frequency Vevo(®) 2100 echocardiogram. RESULTS qRT-PCR analysis using AoVs from patients with severe aortic regurgitation showed a decrease in EGR2 expression associated with significant downregulation of COL1A2 expression (P<0.05). Similar results were observed in the AoVs of Krox20(+/-) mice. Anatomical examination revealed that incomplete invalidation of Krox20 caused significant thickening of the aortic leaflet compared with controls (145±22 vs. 75±24μm; P=0.01). Within the mutant group, this thickening worsened significantly over time (Krox20(+/-) mice aged>7 vs.<7months: 136±48 vs. 102±41μm; P<0.001). Moreover, the aortic leaflets of embryonic day 18.5 Krox20(+/-) embryos were significantly more thickened than those from controls, suggesting that this disease begins during embryonic development. Echo-Doppler analysis showed a significant increase in AoV dysfunction in heterozygous versus control mice (53% vs. 17%; P<0.001), suggesting a tight relationship between valve architecture and function. Morphometric analysis revealed that the most severe AoV dysfunction was always associated with the most thickened valves. Classic histological analysis revealed that mutant AoVs had extracellular matrix disorganization, with features of human myxomatous degeneration, including excess of proteoglycan deposition in spongiosa and reduction of collagen fibre in fibrosa, but no calcification. CONCLUSION Decreased expression of Krox20 in mice causes degeneration of the aortic leaflets and disorganization of the extracellular matrix, causing valvular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Théron
- Aix Marseille Université, GMGF UMR_S910, Faculté de Médecine, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France; Inserm, U910, Faculté de Médecine, 13385 Marseille, France; AP-HM, Hôpital de la Timone, Département de Chirurgie Cardiaque, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Gaëlle Odelin
- Aix Marseille Université, GMGF UMR_S910, Faculté de Médecine, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France; Inserm, U910, Faculté de Médecine, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Faure
- Aix Marseille Université, GMGF UMR_S910, Faculté de Médecine, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France; Inserm, U910, Faculté de Médecine, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Jean-François Avierinos
- Aix Marseille Université, GMGF UMR_S910, Faculté de Médecine, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France; Inserm, U910, Faculté de Médecine, 13385 Marseille, France; AP-HM, Hôpital de la Timone, Département de Cardiologie, 13005 Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane Zaffran
- Aix Marseille Université, GMGF UMR_S910, Faculté de Médecine, 27, boulevard Jean-Moulin, 13385 Marseille, France; Inserm, U910, Faculté de Médecine, 13385 Marseille, France.
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Andelfinger G, Loeys B, Dietz H. A Decade of Discovery in the Genetic Understanding of Thoracic Aortic Disease. Can J Cardiol 2015; 32:13-25. [PMID: 26724507 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic aneurysms are responsible for a significant number of all deaths in Western countries. In this review we provide a perspective on the important progress made over the past decade in the understanding of the genetics of this condition, with an emphasis on the more frequent forms of vascular smooth muscle and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signalling alterations. For several nonsyndromic and syndromic forms of thoracic aortic disease, a genetic basis has now been identified, with 3 main pathomechanisms that have emerged: perturbation of the TGF-β signalling pathway, disruption of the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) contractile apparatus, and impairment of extracellular matrix synthesis. Because smooth muscle cells and proteins of the extracellular matrix directly regulate TGF-β signalling, this latter pathway emerges as a key component of thoracic aortic disease initiation and progression. These discoveries have revolutionized our understanding of thoracic aortic disease and provided inroads toward gene-specific stratification of treatment. Last, we outline how these genetic findings are translated into novel pharmaceutical approaches for thoracic aortic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Andelfinger
- Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | - Bart Loeys
- Centre for Medical Genetics, University Hospital of Antwerp/University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hal Dietz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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