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Chakrabarti M, Chattha A, Nair A, Jiao K, Potts JD, Wang L, Branch S, Harrelson S, Khan S, Azhar M. Hippo Signaling Mediates TGFβ-Dependent Transcriptional Inputs in Cardiac Cushion Mesenchymal Cells to Regulate Extracellular Matrix Remodeling. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:483. [PMID: 38132651 PMCID: PMC10744298 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10120483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) and Hippo signaling pathways are evolutionarily conserved pathways that play a critical role in cardiac fibroblasts during embryonic development, tissue repair, and fibrosis. TGFβ signaling and Hippo signaling are also important for cardiac cushion remodeling and septation during embryonic development. Loss of TGFβ2 in mice causes cardiac cushion remodeling defects resulting in congenital heart disease. In this study, we used in vitro molecular and pharmacologic approaches in the cushion mesenchymal cell line (tsA58-AVM) and investigated if the Hippo pathway acts as a mediator of TGFβ2 signaling. Immunofluorescence staining showed that TGFβ2 induced nuclear translocation of activated SMAD3 in the cushion mesenchymal cells. In addition, the results indicate increased nuclear localization of Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) following a similar treatment of TGFβ2. In collagen lattice formation assays, the TGFβ2 treatment of cushion cells resulted in an enhanced collagen contraction compared to the untreated cushion cells. Interestingly, verteporfin, a YAP1 inhibitor, significantly blocked the ability of cushion cells to contract collagen gel in the absence or presence of exogenously added TGFβ2. To confirm the molecular mechanisms of the verteporfin-induced inhibition of TGFβ2-dependent extracellular matrix (ECM) reorganization, we performed a gene expression analysis of key mesenchymal genes involved in ECM remodeling in heart development and disease. Our results confirm that verteporfin significantly decreased the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (Acta2), collagen 1a1 (Col1a1), Ccn1 (i.e., Cyr61), and Ccn2 (i.e., Ctgf). Western blot analysis indicated that verteporfin treatment significantly blocked the TGFβ2-induced activation of SMAD2/3 in cushion mesenchymal cells. Collectively, these results indicate that TGFβ2 regulation of cushion mesenchymal cell behavior and ECM remodeling is mediated by YAP1. Thus, the TGFβ2 and Hippo pathway integration represents an important step in understanding the etiology of congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrinmay Chakrabarti
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29202, USA; (M.C.); (A.C.); (A.N.); (J.D.P.)
| | - Ahad Chattha
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29202, USA; (M.C.); (A.C.); (A.N.); (J.D.P.)
| | - Abhijith Nair
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29202, USA; (M.C.); (A.C.); (A.N.); (J.D.P.)
| | - Kai Jiao
- Center for Biotechnology & Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA;
| | - Jay D. Potts
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29202, USA; (M.C.); (A.C.); (A.N.); (J.D.P.)
| | - Lianming Wang
- Department of Statistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA;
| | - Scotty Branch
- KOR Life Sciences, KOR Medical, and Vikor Scientific, Charleston, SC 29403, USA; (S.B.); (S.H.); (S.K.)
| | - Shea Harrelson
- KOR Life Sciences, KOR Medical, and Vikor Scientific, Charleston, SC 29403, USA; (S.B.); (S.H.); (S.K.)
| | - Saeed Khan
- KOR Life Sciences, KOR Medical, and Vikor Scientific, Charleston, SC 29403, USA; (S.B.); (S.H.); (S.K.)
| | - Mohamad Azhar
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29202, USA; (M.C.); (A.C.); (A.N.); (J.D.P.)
- William Jennings Bryan Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC 29202, USA
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2
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Stathopoulou A, Wang P, Thellier C, Kelly RG, Zheng D, Scambler PJ. CHARGE syndrome-associated CHD7 acts at ISL1-regulated enhancers to modulate second heart field gene expression. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2089-2105. [PMID: 37052590 PMCID: PMC10478754 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Haploinsufficiency of the chromo-domain protein CHD7 underlies most cases of CHARGE syndrome, a multisystem birth defect including congenital heart malformation. Context specific roles for CHD7 in various stem, progenitor, and differentiated cell lineages have been reported. Previously, we showed severe defects when Chd7 is absent from cardiopharyngeal mesoderm (CPM). Here, we investigate altered gene expression in the CPM and identify specific CHD7-bound target genes with known roles in the morphogenesis of affected structures. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated conditional KO of Chd7 in CPM and analysed cardiac progenitor cells using transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses, in vivo expression analysis, and bioinformatic comparisons with existing datasets. We show CHD7 is required for correct expression of several genes established as major players in cardiac development, especially within the second heart field (SHF). We identified CHD7 binding sites in cardiac progenitor cells and found strong association with histone marks suggestive of dynamically regulated enhancers during the mesodermal to cardiac progenitor transition of mESC differentiation. Moreover, CHD7 shares a subset of its target sites with ISL1, a pioneer transcription factor in the cardiogenic gene regulatory network, including one enhancer modulating Fgf10 expression in SHF progenitor cells vs. differentiating cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION We show that CHD7 interacts with ISL1, binds ISL1-regulated cardiac enhancers, and modulates gene expression across the mesodermal heart fields during cardiac morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanasia Stathopoulou
- Developmental Biology of Birth Defects, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- School of Medical Imaging, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Robert G Kelly
- Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7288, IBDM, Marseille, France
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Neurosciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Peter J Scambler
- Developmental Biology of Birth Defects, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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3
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Yan S, Peng Y, Lu J, Shakil S, Shi Y, Crossman DK, Johnson WH, Liu S, Rokosh DG, Lincoln J, Wang Q, Jiao K. Differential requirement for DICER1 activity during the development of mitral and tricuspid valves. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259783. [PMID: 35946425 PMCID: PMC9482344 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitral and tricuspid valves are essential for unidirectional blood flow in the heart. They are derived from similar cell sources, and yet congenital dysplasia affecting both valves is clinically rare, suggesting the presence of differential regulatory mechanisms underlying their development. Here, we specifically inactivated Dicer1 in the endocardium during cardiogenesis and found that Dicer1 deletion caused congenital mitral valve stenosis and regurgitation, whereas it had no impact on other valves. We showed that hyperplastic mitral valves were caused by abnormal condensation and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Our single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed impaired maturation of mesenchymal cells and abnormal expression of ECM genes in mutant mitral valves. Furthermore, expression of a set of miRNAs that target ECM genes was significantly lower in tricuspid valves compared to mitral valves, consistent with the idea that the miRNAs are differentially required for mitral and tricuspid valve development. We thus reveal miRNA-mediated gene regulation as a novel molecular mechanism that differentially regulates mitral and tricuspid valve development, thereby enhancing our understanding of the non-association of inborn mitral and tricuspid dysplasia observed clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Yan
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yin Peng
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jin Lu
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Saima Shakil
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yang Shi
- Department of Population Health Science, and Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - David K. Crossman
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Walter H. Johnson
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Shanrun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Donald G. Rokosh
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Joy Lincoln
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- The Herma Heart Institute, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Children's Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Department of Neuroscience & Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, August, GA 30912, USA
| | - Kai Jiao
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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4
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Identification and implication of tissue-enriched ligands in epithelial-endothelial crosstalk during pancreas development. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12498. [PMID: 35864120 PMCID: PMC9304391 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of the pancreas is driven by an intrinsic program coordinated with signals from other cell types in the epithelial environment. These intercellular communications have been so far challenging to study because of the low concentration, localized production and diversity of the signals released. Here, we combined scRNAseq data with a computational interactomic approach to identify signals involved in the reciprocal interactions between the various cell types of the developing pancreas. This in silico approach yielded 40,607 potential ligand-target interactions between the different main pancreatic cell types. Among this vast network of interactions, we focused on three ligands potentially involved in communications between epithelial and endothelial cells. BMP7 and WNT7B, expressed by pancreatic epithelial cells and predicted to target endothelial cells, and SEMA6D, involved in the reverse interaction. In situ hybridization confirmed the localized expression of Bmp7 in the pancreatic epithelial tip cells and of Wnt7b in the trunk cells. On the contrary, Sema6d was enriched in endothelial cells. Functional experiments on ex vivo cultured pancreatic explants indicated that tip cell-produced BMP7 limited development of endothelial cells. This work identified ligands with a restricted tissular and cellular distribution and highlighted the role of BMP7 in the intercellular communications contributing to vessel development and organization during pancreas organogenesis.
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5
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Gunyuz Z, Sahi-Ilhan E, Kucukkose C, Ipekgil D, Tok G, Mese G, Ozcivici E, Yalcin-Ozuysal O. SEMA6D Differentially Regulates Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Breast Cell Lines. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:15769-15778. [PMID: 35571788 PMCID: PMC9097209 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Semaphorin 6D (SEMA6D), a member of the class 6 semaphorin family, is a membrane-associated protein that plays a key role in the development of cardiac and neural tissues. A growing body of evidence suggests that SEMA6D is also involved in tumorigenesis. In breast cancer, high SEMA6D levels are correlated with better survival rates. However, very little is known about the functional significance of SEMA6D in breast tumorigenesis. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of SEMA6D expression on the normal breast cell line MCF10A and the breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and MDA MB 231. We demonstrated that SEMA6D expression increases the proliferation of MCF10A cells, whereas the opposite effect was observed in MCF7 cells. SEMA6D expression induced anchorage-independent growth in both cancer cell lines. Furthermore, migration of MCF10A and MCF7 cells and invasion of MDA MB 231 cells were elevated in response to SEMA6D overexpression. Accordingly, the genes related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were altered by SEMA6D expression in MCF10A and MCF7 cell lines. Finally, we provided evidence that SEMA6D levels were associated with the expression of the cell cycle, EMT, and Notch signaling pathway-related genes in breast cancer patients' data. We showed for the first time that SEMA6D overexpression has cell-specific effects on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of normal and cancer breast cell lines, which agrees with the gene expression data of clinical samples. This study lays the groundwork for future research into understanding the functional importance of SEMA6D in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehra
Elif Gunyuz
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir
Institute of Technology, 35430 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ece Sahi-Ilhan
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir
Institute of Technology, 35430 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cansu Kucukkose
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir
Institute of Technology, 35430 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Dogac Ipekgil
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir
Institute of Technology, 35430 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gunes Tok
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir
Institute of Technology, 35430 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gulistan Mese
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir
Institute of Technology, 35430 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Engin Ozcivici
- Department
of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ozden Yalcin-Ozuysal
- Department
of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir
Institute of Technology, 35430 Izmir, Turkey
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6
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Plexin-A1 expression in the inhibitory neurons of infralimbic cortex regulates the specificity of fear memory in male mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1220-1230. [PMID: 34508226 PMCID: PMC9018853 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01177-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Maintaining appropriate levels of fear memory specificity is crucial for individual's survival and mental health, whereas overgeneralized fear commonly occurs in neuropsychiatric disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder and generalized anxiety disorder. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating fear memory specificity remain poorly understood. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) is considered as a key brain region in fear memory regulation. Previous transcriptomic studies have identified that plexin-A1, a transmembrane receptor critical for axon development, was downregulated in the mPFC after fear memory training. In this study, we identified that learning-induced downregulation of the mRNA and protein levels of plexin-A1 specifically occurred in the inhibitory but not excitatory neurons in the infralimbic cortex (IL) of mPFC. Further studies of plexin-A1 by virus-mediated over-expression of functional mutants selectively in the IL inhibitory neurons revealed the critical roles of plexin-A1 for regulating memory specificity and anxiety. Moreover, our findings revealed that plexin-A1 regulated the distribution of glutamic acid decarboxylase 67, a GABA synthetase, which in turn modulated the activity of IL and its downstream brain regions. Collectively, our findings elucidate the molecular modifier of IL inhibitory neurons in regulating memory specificity and anxiety, and provide candidates for developing therapeutic strategies for the prevention or treatment of a series of fear generalization-related neuropsychiatric disorders.
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7
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Sheng J, Xu J, Geng K, Liu D. Sema6D Regulates Zebrafish Vascular Patterning and Motor Neuronal Axon Growth in Spinal Cord. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:854556. [PMID: 35465091 PMCID: PMC9021825 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.854556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Vessels and nerves are closely associated in anatomy as well as functions. Accumulating evidences have demonstrated that axon-guiding signals may affect endothelial cells migration and path finding, which is crucial for the patterning of both the complex vascular network and neural system. However, studies regarding the functional overlap between vascular and neuronal orchestrating are still incomplete. Semaphorin6D (Sema6D) belongs to the Semaphorin family and has been identified as an important regulating factor in diverse biological processes. Its roles in vascular development are still unclear. Here, we confirmed that sema6D is enriched in neural system and blood vessels of zebrafish embryos by in situ hybridization. Then, the deficiency of sema6D caused by specific antisense morpholino-oligonucleotides (MO) led to dramatic path finding defects in both intersegmental vessels (ISVs) and primary motor neurons (PMNs) of spinal cord in zebrafish embryos. Furthermore, these defective phenotypes were confirmed in F0 generation of sema6D knockouts and rescue experiments by overexpression of sema6D mRNA in sema6D morphants. These data collectively indicate that sema6D regulates zebrafish vascular patterning and motor neuronal axon growth in the spinal cord, which might be of great therapeutical use to regulate vessel and nerve guidance in the relevant diseases that affect both systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Sheng
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Second Affiliated Hospital, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiehuan Xu
- Medical School, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Kaixi Geng
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Second Affiliated Hospital, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Dong Liu
- Nantong Laboratory of Development and Diseases, Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Second Affiliated Hospital, Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
- *Correspondence: Dong Liu
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8
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Zhao Q, Yan S, Lu J, Parker DJ, Wu H, Sun Q, Crossman DK, Liu S, Wang Q, Sesaki H, Mitra K, Liu K, Jiao K. Drp1 regulates transcription of ribosomal protein genes in embryonic hearts. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:274456. [PMID: 35099001 PMCID: PMC8919333 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.258956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction causes severe congenital cardiac abnormalities and prenatal/neonatal lethality. The lack of sufficient knowledge regarding how mitochondrial abnormalities affect cardiogenesis poses a major barrier for the development of clinical applications that target mitochondrial deficiency-induced inborn cardiomyopathies. Mitochondrial morphology, which is regulated by fission and fusion, plays a key role in determining mitochondrial activity. Dnm1l encodes a dynamin-related GTPase, Drp1, which is required for mitochondrial fission. To investigate the role of Drp1 in cardiogenesis during the embryonic metabolic shift period, we specifically inactivated Dnm1l in second heart field-derived structures. Mutant cardiomyocytes in the right ventricle (RV) displayed severe defects in mitochondrial morphology, ultrastructure and activity. These defects caused increased cell death, decreased cell survival, disorganized cardiomyocytes and embryonic lethality. By characterizing this model, we reveal an AMPK-SIRT7-GABPB axis that relays the reduced cellular energy level to decrease transcription of ribosomal protein genes in cardiomyocytes. We therefore provide the first genetic evidence in mouse that Drp1 is essential for RV development. Our research provides further mechanistic insight into how mitochondrial dysfunction causes pathological molecular and cellular alterations during cardiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiancong Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China,Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Shun Yan
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jin Lu
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Danitra J. Parker
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Huiying Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China,Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Qianchuang Sun
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China,Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - David K. Crossman
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Shanrun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Hiromi Sesaki
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kasturi Mitra
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Kexiang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, People's Republic of China,Authors for correspondence (; )
| | - Kai Jiao
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA,Present address: Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, 1462 Laney Walker Blvd. CA4092, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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9
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CHD7 regulates cardiovascular development through ATP-dependent and -independent activities. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:28847-28858. [PMID: 33127760 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2005222117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CHD7 encodes an ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling factor. Mutation of this gene causes multiple developmental disorders, including CHARGE (Coloboma of the eye, Heart defects, Atresia of the choanae, Retardation of growth/development, Genital abnormalities, and Ear anomalies) syndrome, in which conotruncal anomalies are the most prevalent form of heart defects. How CHD7 regulates conotruncal development remains unclear. In this study, we establish that deletion of Chd7 in neural crest cells (NCCs) causes severe conotruncal defects and perinatal lethality, thus providing mouse genetic evidence demonstrating that CHD7 cell-autonomously regulates cardiac NCC development, thereby clarifying a long-standing controversy in the literature. Using transcriptomic analyses, we show that CHD7 fine-tunes the expression of a gene network that is critical for cardiac NCC development. To gain further molecular insights into gene regulation by CHD7, we performed a protein-protein interaction screen by incubating recombinant CHD7 on a protein array. We find that CHD7 directly interacts with several developmental disorder-mutated proteins including WDR5, a core component of H3K4 methyltransferase complexes. This direct interaction suggested that CHD7 may recruit histone-modifying enzymes to target loci independently of its remodeling functions. We therefore generated a mouse model that harbors an ATPase-deficient allele and demonstrates that mutant CHD7 retains the ability to recruit H3K4 methyltransferase activity to its targets. Thus, our data uncover that CHD7 regulates cardiovascular development through ATP-dependent and -independent activities, shedding light on the etiology of CHD7-related congenital disorders. Importantly, our data also imply that patients carrying a premature stop codon versus missense mutations will likely display different molecular alterations; these patients might therefore require personalized therapeutic interventions.
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10
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Toomer KA, Yu M, Fulmer D, Guo L, Moore KS, Moore R, Drayton KD, Glover J, Peterson N, Ramos-Ortiz S, Drohan A, Catching BJ, Stairley R, Wessels A, Lipschutz JH, Delling FN, Jeunemaitre X, Dina C, Collins RL, Brand H, Talkowski ME, Del Monte F, Mukherjee R, Awgulewitsch A, Body S, Hardiman G, Hazard ES, da Silveira WA, Wang B, Leyne M, Durst R, Markwald RR, Le Scouarnec S, Hagege A, Le Tourneau T, Kohl P, Rog-Zielinska EA, Ellinor PT, Levine RA, Milan DJ, Schott JJ, Bouatia-Naji N, Slaugenhaupt SA, Norris RA. Primary cilia defects causing mitral valve prolapse. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/493/eaax0290. [PMID: 31118289 PMCID: PMC7331025 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aax0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) affects 1 in 40 people and is the most common indication for mitral valve surgery. MVP can cause arrhythmias, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death, and to date, the causes of this disease are poorly understood. We now demonstrate that defects in primary cilia genes and their regulated pathways can cause MVP in familial and sporadic nonsyndromic MVP cases. Our expression studies and genetic ablation experiments confirmed a role for primary cilia in regulating ECM deposition during cardiac development. Loss of primary cilia during development resulted in progressive myxomatous degeneration and profound mitral valve pathology in the adult setting. Analysis of a large family with inherited, autosomal dominant nonsyndromic MVP identified a deleterious missense mutation in a cilia gene, DZIP1 A mouse model harboring this variant confirmed the pathogenicity of this mutation and revealed impaired ciliogenesis during development, which progressed to adult myxomatous valve disease and functional MVP. Relevance of primary cilia in common forms of MVP was tested using pathway enrichment in a large population of patients with MVP and controls from previously generated genome-wide association studies (GWAS), which confirmed the involvement of primary cilia genes in MVP. Together, our studies establish a developmental basis for MVP through altered cilia-dependent regulation of ECM and suggest that defects in primary cilia genes can be causative to disease phenotype in some patients with MVP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelynn A Toomer
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Mengyao Yu
- INSERM, UMR-970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, 75015 Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Diana Fulmer
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Lilong Guo
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kelsey S Moore
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Reece Moore
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Ka'la D Drayton
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Janiece Glover
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Neal Peterson
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Sandra Ramos-Ortiz
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Alex Drohan
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Breiona J Catching
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Rebecca Stairley
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Andy Wessels
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Joshua H Lipschutz
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.,Department of Medicine, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401, USA
| | - Francesca N Delling
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Xavier Jeunemaitre
- INSERM, UMR-970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, 75015 Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine, 75006 Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Département de Génétique, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Christian Dina
- INSERM, CNRS, Univ Nantes, L'Institut du Thorax, Nantes 44093, France.,CHU Nantes, L'Institut du Thorax, Service de Cardiologie, Nantes 44093, France
| | - Ryan L Collins
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Harrison Brand
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Michael E Talkowski
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Federica Del Monte
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Rupak Mukherjee
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Alexander Awgulewitsch
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Simon Body
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gary Hardiman
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon Street, Suite 303 MSC 835, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.,Faculty of Medicine, Health and Life Sciences School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Global Food Security (IGFS), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - E Starr Hazard
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon Street, Suite 303 MSC 835, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Willian A da Silveira
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, 135 Cannon Street, Suite 303 MSC 835, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Baolin Wang
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Maire Leyne
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Ronen Durst
- Cardiology Division, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, POB 12000, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Roger R Markwald
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | | | - Albert Hagege
- INSERM, UMR-970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, 75015 Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine, 75006 Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Thierry Le Tourneau
- INSERM, CNRS, Univ Nantes, L'Institut du Thorax, Nantes 44093, France.,CHU Nantes, L'Institut du Thorax, Service de Cardiologie, Nantes 44093, France
| | - Peter Kohl
- University Heart Center Freiburg, Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine of the Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Elsässerstr 2Q, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eva A Rog-Zielinska
- University Heart Center Freiburg, Bad Krozingen and Faculty of Medicine of the Albert-Ludwigs University Freiburg, Institute for Experimental Cardiovascular Medicine, Elsässerstr 2Q, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Patrick T Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Robert A Levine
- Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - David J Milan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.,Leducq Foundation, 265 Franklin Street, Suite 1902, Boston, MA, 02110, USA
| | - Jean-Jacques Schott
- INSERM, CNRS, Univ Nantes, L'Institut du Thorax, Nantes 44093, France.,CHU Nantes, L'Institut du Thorax, Service de Cardiologie, Nantes 44093, France
| | - Nabila Bouatia-Naji
- INSERM, UMR-970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, 75015 Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculty of Medicine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Susan A Slaugenhaupt
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, 185 Cambridge St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Russell A Norris
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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11
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Cucinotta F, Ricciardello A, Turriziani L, Calabrese G, Briguglio M, Boncoddo M, Bellomo F, Tomaiuolo P, Martines S, Bruschetta M, La Fauci Belponer F, Di Bella T, Colombi C, Baccarin M, Picinelli C, Castronovo P, Lintas C, Sacco R, Biederer T, Kellam B, Scherer SW, Persico AM. FARP-1 deletion is associated with lack of response to autism treatment by early start denver model in a multiplex family. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1373. [PMID: 32588496 PMCID: PMC7507005 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) display impressive clinical heterogeneity, also involving treatment response. Genetic variants can contribute to explain this large interindividual phenotypic variability. Methods Array‐CGH (a‐CGH) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) were performed on a multiplex family with two small children diagnosed with ASD at 17 and 18 months of age. Both brothers received the same naturalistic intervention for one year according to the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM), applied by the same therapists, yielding dramatically different treatment outcomes. Results The older sibling came out of the autism spectrum, while the younger sibling displayed very little, in any, improvement. This boy was subsequently treated applying a structured Early Intensive Behavioral Intervention paired with Augmentative Alternative Communication, which yielded a partial response within another year. The ESDM nonresponsive child carries a novel maternally inherited 65 Kb deletion at chr. 13q32.2 spanning FARP1. Farp1 is a synaptic scaffolding protein, which plays a significant role in neural plasticity. Conclusion These results represent a paradigmatic example of the heuristic potential of genetic markers in predicting treatment response and possibly in supporting the targeted prescription of specific early intervention approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Cucinotta
- Interdepartmental Program "Autism 0-90", "G. Martino" University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Arianna Ricciardello
- Interdepartmental Program "Autism 0-90", "G. Martino" University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Laura Turriziani
- Interdepartmental Program "Autism 0-90", "G. Martino" University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giorgia Calabrese
- Interdepartmental Program "Autism 0-90", "G. Martino" University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marilena Briguglio
- Interdepartmental Program "Autism 0-90", "G. Martino" University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Boncoddo
- Interdepartmental Program "Autism 0-90", "G. Martino" University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Fabiana Bellomo
- Interdepartmental Program "Autism 0-90", "G. Martino" University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Pasquale Tomaiuolo
- Interdepartmental Program "Autism 0-90", "G. Martino" University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Silvia Martines
- Interdepartmental Program "Autism 0-90", "G. Martino" University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Marianna Bruschetta
- Interdepartmental Program "Autism 0-90", "G. Martino" University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Tiziana Di Bella
- Interdepartmental Program "Autism 0-90", "G. Martino" University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Costanza Colombi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marco Baccarin
- Mafalda Luce Center for Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Picinelli
- Mafalda Luce Center for Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Castronovo
- Mafalda Luce Center for Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Lintas
- Service for Neurodevelopmental Disorders & Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Neurogenetics, University "Campus Bio-Medico", Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Sacco
- Service for Neurodevelopmental Disorders & Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry and Neurogenetics, University "Campus Bio-Medico", Rome, Italy
| | - Thomas Biederer
- Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Barbara Kellam
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, Toronto, Canada.,The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Stephen W Scherer
- Genetics & Genome Biology Program, Toronto, Canada.,The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,McLaughlin Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Antonio M Persico
- Interdepartmental Program "Autism 0-90", "G. Martino" University Hospital of Messina, Messina, Italy
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12
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Fulmer D, Toomer KA, Glover J, Guo L, Moore K, Moore R, Stairley R, Gensemer C, Abrol S, Rumph MK, Emetu F, Lipschutz JH, McDowell C, Bian J, Wang C, Beck T, Wessels A, Renault MA, Norris RA. Desert hedgehog-primary cilia cross talk shapes mitral valve tissue by organizing smooth muscle actin. Dev Biol 2020; 463:26-38. [PMID: 32151560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Non-syndromic mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is the most common heart valve disease affecting 2.4% of the population. Recent studies have identified genetic defects in primary cilia as causative to MVP, although the mechanism of their action is currently unknown. Using a series of gene inactivation approaches, we define a paracrine mechanism by which endocardially-expressed Desert Hedgehog (DHH) activates primary cilia signaling on neighboring valve interstitial cells. High-resolution imaging and functional assays show that DHH de-represses smoothened at the primary cilia, resulting in kinase activation of RAC1 through the RAC1-GEF, TIAM1. Activation of this non-canonical hedgehog pathway stimulates α-smooth actin organization and ECM remodeling. Genetic or pharmacological perturbation of this pathway results in enlarged valves that progress to a myxomatous phenotype, similar to valves seen in MVP patients. These data identify a potential molecular origin for MVP as well as establish a paracrine DHH-primary cilium cross-talk mechanism that is likely applicable across developmental tissue types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Fulmer
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Katelynn A Toomer
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Genetic Medicine, John Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Janiece Glover
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Lilong Guo
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kelsey Moore
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Reece Moore
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Rebecca Stairley
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Cortney Gensemer
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Sameer Abrol
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mary Kate Rumph
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Faith Emetu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Joshua H Lipschutz
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Colin McDowell
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Justin Bian
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Christina Wang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Tyler Beck
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Andy Wessels
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | - Russell A Norris
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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13
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Sun Q, Peng Y, Zhao Q, Yan S, Liu S, Yang Q, Liu K, Rokosh DG, Jiao K. SEMA6D regulates perinatal cardiomyocyte proliferation and maturation in mice. Dev Biol 2019; 452:1-7. [PMID: 31042497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes undergo dramatic changes during the fetal to neonatal transition stage to adapt to the new environment. The molecular and genetic mechanisms regulating these changes remain elusive. In this study, we showed Sema6D as a novel signaling molecule regulating perinatal cardiomyocyte proliferation and maturation. SEMA6D is a member of the Semaphorin family of signaling molecules. To reveal its function during cardiogenesis, we specifically inactivated Sema6D in embryonic cardiomyocytes using a conditional gene deletion approach. All mutant animals showed hypoplastic myocardial walls in neonatal hearts due to reduced cell proliferation. We further revealed that expression of MYCN and its downstream cell cycle regulators is impaired in late fetal hearts in which Sema6D is deleted, suggesting that SEMA6D acts through MYCN to regulate cardiomyocyte proliferation. In early postnatal mutant hearts, expression of adult forms of sarcomeric proteins is increased, while expression of embryonic forms is decreased. These data collectively suggest that SEMA6D is required to maintain late fetal/early neonatal cardiomyocytes at a proliferative and less mature status. Deletion of Sema6D in cardiomyocytes led to reduced proliferation and accelerated maturation. We further examined the consequence of these defects through echocardiographic analysis. Embryonic heart deletion of Sema6D significantly impaired the cardiac contraction of male adult hearts, while having a minor effect on female mutant hearts, suggesting that the effect of Sema6D-deletion in adult hearts is sex dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianchuang Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China; Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Yin Peng
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Qiancong Zhao
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Shun Yan
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Shuyan Liu
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China
| | - Qinglin Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70803, USA
| | - Kexiang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, China.
| | - Donald G Rokosh
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Kai Jiao
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianchuang Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL
| | - Shuyan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL
| | - Kexiang Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kai Jiao
- Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL
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15
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Basu M, Zhu JY, LaHaye S, Majumdar U, Jiao K, Han Z, Garg V. Epigenetic mechanisms underlying maternal diabetes-associated risk of congenital heart disease. JCI Insight 2017; 2:95085. [PMID: 29046480 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.95085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Birth defects are the leading cause of infant mortality, and they are caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Environmental risk factors may contribute to birth defects in genetically susceptible infants by altering critical molecular pathways during embryogenesis, but experimental evidence for gene-environment interactions is limited. Fetal hyperglycemia associated with maternal diabetes results in a 5-fold increased risk of congenital heart disease (CHD), but the molecular basis for this correlation is unknown. Here, we show that the effects of maternal hyperglycemia on cardiac development are sensitized by haploinsufficiency of Notch1, a key transcriptional regulator known to cause CHD. Using ATAC-seq, we found that hyperglycemia decreased chromatin accessibility at the endothelial NO synthase (Nos3) locus, resulting in reduced NO synthesis. Transcription of Jarid2, a regulator of histone methyltransferase complexes, was increased in response to reduced NO, and this upregulation directly resulted in inhibition of Notch1 expression to levels below a threshold necessary for normal heart development. We extended these findings using a Drosophila maternal diabetic model that revealed the evolutionary conservation of this interaction and the Jarid2-mediated mechanism. These findings identify a gene-environment interaction between maternal hyperglycemia and Notch signaling and support a model in which environmental factors cause birth defects in genetically susceptible infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhumita Basu
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jun-Yi Zhu
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stephanie LaHaye
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Uddalak Majumdar
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kai Jiao
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Zhe Han
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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16
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Peng Y, Yan S, Chen D, Cui X, Jiao K. Pdgfrb is a direct regulatory target of TGFβ signaling in atrioventricular cushion mesenchymal cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175791. [PMID: 28426709 PMCID: PMC5398542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cushion formation is the initial step for the development of valvuloseptal structures in mammalian hearts. TGFβ signaling plays critical roles in multiple steps of cushion morphogenesis. We used a newly developed conditional immortal atrioventricular cushion mesenchymal cell line, tsA58-AVM, to identify the TGFβ regulatory target genes through microarray analysis. Expression of ~1350 genes was significantly altered by TGFβ1 treatment. Subsequent bioinformatic analysis of TGFβ activated genes revealed that PDGF-BB signaling is the top hit as the potential upstream regulator. Among the 37 target molecules, 10 genes known to be involved in valve development and hemostasis were selected for quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. Our results confirmed that they are all upregulated by TGFβ1 stimulation in tsA58-AVM cells and in primary atrioventricular cushion cells. We focused on examining regulation of Pdgfrb by TGFβ1, which encodes a tyrosine kinase receptor for PDGF-BB. We found that the ~150bp Pdgfrb promoter can respond to TGFβ stimulation and that this response relies on the two SP1 binding sites within the promoter. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis confirmed SP1 interacts with SMAD2 in a TGFβ-dependent fashion. Furthermore, SMAD2 is associated with the Pdgfrb promoter and this association is diminished by knocking down expression of Sp1. Our data therefore collectively suggest that upon TGFβ stimulation, SP1 recruits SMAD2 to the promoter of Pdgfrb to up-regulate its expression and thus Pdgfrb is a direct downstream target of the TGFβ/SMAD2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Peng
- Division of Research, Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Shun Yan
- Division of Research, Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Dongquan Chen
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Xiangqin Cui
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Kai Jiao
- Division of Research, Department of Genetics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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