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Habecker BA, Bers DM, Birren SJ, Chang R, Herring N, Kay MW, Li D, Mendelowitz D, Mongillo M, Montgomery JM, Ripplinger CM, Tampakakis E, Winbo A, Zaglia T, Zeltner N, Paterson DJ. Molecular and cellular neurocardiology in heart disease. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38778747 DOI: 10.1113/jp284739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper updates and builds on a previous White Paper in this journal that some of us contributed to concerning the molecular and cellular basis of cardiac neurobiology of heart disease. Here we focus on recent findings that underpin cardiac autonomic development, novel intracellular pathways and neuroplasticity. Throughout we highlight unanswered questions and areas of controversy. Whilst some neurochemical pathways are already demonstrating prognostic viability in patients with heart failure, we also discuss the opportunity to better understand sympathetic impairment by using patient specific stem cells that provides pathophysiological contextualization to study 'disease in a dish'. Novel imaging techniques and spatial transcriptomics are also facilitating a road map for target discovery of molecular pathways that may form a therapeutic opportunity to treat cardiac dysautonomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Habecker
- Department of Chemical Physiology & Biochemistry, Department of Medicine Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Donald M Bers
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Susan J Birren
- Department of Biology, Volen Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Rui Chang
- Department of Neuroscience, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Neil Herring
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre and BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew W Kay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dan Li
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre and BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - David Mendelowitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Marco Mongillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Johanna M Montgomery
- Department of Physiology and Manaaki Manawa Centre for Heart Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Crystal M Ripplinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Annika Winbo
- Department of Physiology and Manaaki Manawa Centre for Heart Research, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tania Zaglia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Nadja Zeltner
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - David J Paterson
- Burdon Sanderson Cardiac Science Centre and BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Rajendran PS, Hadaya J, Khalsa SS, Yu C, Chang R, Shivkumar K. The vagus nerve in cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology: From evolutionary insights to clinical medicine. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 156:190-200. [PMID: 36641366 PMCID: PMC10336178 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The parasympathetic nervous system via the vagus nerve exerts profound influence over the heart. Together with the sympathetic nervous system, the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for fine-tuned regulation of all aspects of cardiovascular function, including heart rate, rhythm, contractility, and blood pressure. In this review, we highlight vagal efferent and afferent innervation of the heart, with a focus on insights from comparative biology and advances in understanding the molecular and genetic diversity of vagal neurons, as well as interoception, parasympathetic dysfunction in heart disease, and the therapeutic potential of targeting the parasympathetic nervous system in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joseph Hadaya
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Cardiac Arrhythmia Center and Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sahib S Khalsa
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Ok, USA; Oxley College of Health Sciences, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Ok, USA
| | - Chuyue Yu
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rui Chang
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kalyanam Shivkumar
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Cardiac Arrhythmia Center and Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA; UCLA Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Program, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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3
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Hare MT, Carter ME, Swoap SJ. Activation of oxytocinergic neurons enhances torpor in mice. J Comp Physiol B 2024; 194:95-104. [PMID: 38170253 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-023-01528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Mus musculus enters a torpid state in response to caloric restriction in sub-thermoneutral ambient temperatures. This torpid state is characterized by an adaptive and controlled decrease in metabolic rate, heart rate, body temperature, and activity. Previous research has identified the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) within the hypothalamus, a region containing oxytocin neurons, as a location that is active during torpor onset. We hypothesized that oxytocin neurons within the PVN are part of this neural circuit and that activation of oxytocin neurons would deepen and lengthen torpor bouts. We report that activation of oxytocin neurons alone is not sufficient to induce a torpor-like state in the fed mouse, with no significant difference in body temperature or heart rate upon activation of oxytocin neurons. However, we found that activation of oxytocin neurons prior to the onset of daily torpor both deepens and lengthens the subsequent bout, with a 1.7 ± 0.4 °C lower body temperature and a 135 ± 32 min increase in length. We therefore conclude that oxytocin neurons are involved in the neural circuitry controlling daily torpor in the mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia T Hare
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, 01267, USA
- Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, 500 Hofstra Blvd, Hempstead, NY, 11549, USA
| | - Matthew E Carter
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, 01267, USA
| | - Steven J Swoap
- Department of Biology, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, 01267, USA.
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Althammer F, Roy RK, Kirchner MK, Lira EC, Schimmer S, Charlet A, Grinevich V, Stern JE. Impaired oxytocin signaling in the central amygdala in rats with chronic heart failure. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.22.568271. [PMID: 38045233 PMCID: PMC10690294 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.22.568271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Aims Heart failure (HF) patients often suffer from cognitive decline, depression, and mood impairments, but the molecular signals and brain circuits underlying these effects remain elusive. The hypothalamic neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) is critically involved in the regulation of mood, and OTergic signaling in the central amygdala (CeA) is a key mechanism controlling emotional responses including anxiety-like behaviors. Based on this, we used in this study a well-established ischemic rat HF model and aimed to study alterations in the hypothalamus-to-CeA OTergic circuit. Methods and Results To study potential HF-induced changes in the hypothalamus-to-CeA OTertic circuit, we combined patch-clamp electrophysiology, immunohistochemical analysis, RNAScope assessment of OTR mRNA, brain region-specific stereotaxic injections of viral vectors and retrograde tracing, optogenetic stimulation and OT biosensors in the ischemic HF model. We found that most of OTergic innervation of the central amygdala (CeA) originated from the hypothalamic supraoptic nucleus (SON). While no differences in the numbers of SON→CeA OTertic neurons (or their OT content) was observed between sham and HF rats, we did observe a blunted content and release of OT from axonal terminals within the CeA. Moreover, we report downregulation of neuronal and astrocytic OT receptors, and impaired OTR-driven GABAergic synaptic activity within the CeA microcircuit of rats with HF. Conclusions Our study provides first evidence that HF rats display various perturbations in the hypothalamus-to-amygdala OTergic circuit, and lays the foundation for future translational studies targeting either the OT system or GABAergic amygdala GABA microcircuit to ameliorate depression or mood impairments in rats or patients with chronic HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Althammer
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg
| | - Ranjan K. Roy
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Matthew K. Kirchner
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Elba Campos Lira
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Stephanie Schimmer
- Department of Neuropeptide Research in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexandre Charlet
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique and University of Strasbourg, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neuroscience, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valery Grinevich
- Department of Neuropeptide Research in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Javier E. Stern
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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5
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Schunke KJ, Rodriguez J, Dyavanapalli J, Schloen J, Wang X, Escobar J, Kowalik G, Cheung EC, Ribeiro C, Russo R, Alber BR, Dergacheva O, Chen SW, Murillo-Berlioz AE, Lee KB, Trachiotis G, Entcheva E, Brantner CA, Mendelowitz D, Kay MW. Outcomes of hypothalamic oxytocin neuron-driven cardioprotection after acute myocardial infarction. Basic Res Cardiol 2023; 118:43. [PMID: 37801130 PMCID: PMC10558415 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-023-01013-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Altered autonomic balance is a hallmark of numerous cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction (MI). Although device-based vagal stimulation is cardioprotective during chronic disease, a non-invasive approach to selectively stimulate the cardiac parasympathetic system immediately after an infarction does not exist and is desperately needed. Cardiac vagal neurons (CVNs) in the brainstem receive powerful excitation from a population of neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus that co-release oxytocin (OXT) and glutamate to excite CVNs. We tested if chemogenetic activation of PVN-OXT neurons following MI would be cardioprotective. The PVN of neonatal rats was transfected with vectors to selectively express DREADDs within OXT neurons. At 6 weeks of age, an MI was induced and DREADDs were activated with clozapine-N-oxide. Seven days following MI, patch-clamp electrophysiology confirmed the augmented excitatory neurotransmission from PVN-OXT neurons to downstream nuclei critical for parasympathetic activity with treatment (43.7 ± 10 vs 86.9 ± 9 pA; MI vs. treatment), resulting in stark improvements in survival (85% vs. 95%; MI vs. treatment), inflammation, fibrosis assessed by trichrome blue staining, mitochondrial function assessed by Seahorse assays, and reduced incidence of arrhythmias (50% vs. 10% cumulative incidence of ventricular fibrillation; MI vs. treatment). Myocardial transcriptomic analysis provided molecular insight into potential cardioprotective mechanisms, which revealed the preservation of beneficial signaling pathways, including muscarinic receptor activation, in treated animals. These comprehensive results demonstrate that the PVN-OXT network could be a promising therapeutic target to quickly activate beneficial parasympathetic-mediated cellular pathways within the heart during the early stages of infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J Schunke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Suite 5000 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry and Physiology, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo St, Honolulu, HI, BSB 211 96813, USA.
| | - Jeannette Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Suite 5000 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Jhansi Dyavanapalli
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Suite 640 Ross Hall, 2300 Eye St. NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - John Schloen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Suite 5000 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Suite 640 Ross Hall, 2300 Eye St. NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Joan Escobar
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Suite 640 Ross Hall, 2300 Eye St. NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Grant Kowalik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Suite 5000 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Emily C Cheung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Suite 5000 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Caitlin Ribeiro
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Suite 640 Ross Hall, 2300 Eye St. NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Rebekah Russo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Suite 5000 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Bridget R Alber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Suite 5000 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Olga Dergacheva
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Suite 640 Ross Hall, 2300 Eye St. NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Sheena W Chen
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Cardiothoracic Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving St. NW, Washington, DC, 20422, USA
| | - Alejandro E Murillo-Berlioz
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Cardiothoracic Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving St. NW, Washington, DC, 20422, USA
| | - Kyongjune B Lee
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Cardiothoracic Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving St. NW, Washington, DC, 20422, USA
| | - Gregory Trachiotis
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Suite 5000 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Cardiothoracic Research, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving St. NW, Washington, DC, 20422, USA
| | - Emilia Entcheva
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Suite 5000 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Christine A Brantner
- The GWU Nanofabrication and Imaging Center, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - David Mendelowitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Suite 640 Ross Hall, 2300 Eye St. NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
| | - Matthew W Kay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Suite 5000 Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
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Althammer F, Roy RK, Kirchner MK, Campos-Lira E, Whitley KE, Davis S, Montanez J, Ferreira-Neto HC, Danh J, Feresin R, Biancardi VC, Zafar U, Parent MB, Stern JE. Angiotensin II-Mediated Neuroinflammation in the Hippocampus Contributes to Neuronal Deficits and Cognitive Impairment in Heart Failure Rats. Hypertension 2023; 80:1258-1273. [PMID: 37035922 PMCID: PMC10192104 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.123.21070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart failure (HF) is a debilitating disease affecting >64 million people worldwide. In addition to impaired cardiovascular performance and associated systemic complications, most patients with HF suffer from depression and substantial cognitive decline. Although neuroinflammation and brain hypoperfusion occur in humans and rodents with HF, the underlying neuronal substrates, mechanisms, and their relative contribution to cognitive deficits in HF remains unknown. METHODS To address this critical gap in our knowledge, we used a well-established HF rat model that mimics clinical outcomes observed in the human population, along with a multidisciplinary approach combining behavioral, electrophysiological, neuroanatomical, molecular and systemic physiological approaches. RESULTS Our studies support neuroinflammation, hypoperfusion/hypoxia, and neuronal deficits in the hippocampus of HF rats, which correlated with the progression and severity of the disease. An increased expression of AT1aRs (Ang II [angiotensin II] receptor type 1a) in hippocampal microglia preceded the onset of neuroinflammation. Importantly, blockade of AT1Rs with a clinically used therapeutic drug (Losartan), and delivered in a clinically relevant manner, efficiently reversed neuroinflammatory end points (but not hypoxia ones), resulting in turn in improved cognitive performance in HF rats. Finally, we show than circulating Ang II can leak and access the hippocampal parenchyma in HF rats, constituting a possible source of Ang II initiating the neuroinflammatory signaling cascade in HF. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we identified a neuronal substrate (hippocampus), a mechanism (Ang II-driven neuroinflammation) and a potential neuroprotective therapeutic target (AT1aRs) for the treatment of cognitive deficits in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferdinand Althammer
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases,
Georgia State University, GA, USA
| | - Ranjan K. Roy
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases,
Georgia State University, GA, USA
| | - Matthew K. Kirchner
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases,
Georgia State University, GA, USA
| | - Elba Campos-Lira
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases,
Georgia State University, GA, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, GA,
USA
| | | | - Steven Davis
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, GA,
USA
| | - Juliana Montanez
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases,
Georgia State University, GA, USA
| | | | - Jessica Danh
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta,
GA 30302, USA
| | - Rafaela Feresin
- Department of Nutrition, Georgia State University, Atlanta,
GA 30302, USA
| | - Vinicia Campana Biancardi
- Anatomy, Physiology, & Pharmacology, College of
Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Usama Zafar
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases,
Georgia State University, GA, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, GA,
USA
| | - Marise B. Parent
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases,
Georgia State University, GA, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, GA,
USA
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University,
Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Javier E. Stern
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases,
Georgia State University, GA, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, GA,
USA
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7
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Rodriguez J, Escobar JB, Cheung EC, Kowalik G, Russo R, Dyavanapalli J, Alber BR, Harral G, Gill A, Melkie M, Jain V, Schunke KJ, Mendelowitz D, Kay MW. Hypothalamic Oxytocin Neuron Activation Attenuates Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Hypertension and Cardiac Dysfunction in an Animal Model of Sleep Apnea. Hypertension 2023; 80:882-894. [PMID: 36794581 PMCID: PMC10027399 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.20149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea is a prevalent and poorly treated cardiovascular disease that leads to hypertension and autonomic imbalance. Recent studies that restore cardiac parasympathetic tone using selective activation of hypothalamic oxytocin neurons have shown beneficial cardiovascular outcomes in animal models of cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to determine if chemogenetic activation of hypothalamic oxytocin neurons in animals with existing obstructive sleep apnea-induced hypertension would reverse or blunt the progression of autonomic and cardiovascular dysfunction. METHODS Two groups of rats were exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH), a model of obstructive sleep apnea, for 4 weeks to induce hypertension. During an additional 4 weeks of exposure to CIH, 1 group was treated with selective activation of hypothalamic oxytocin neurons while the other group was untreated. RESULTS Hypertensive animals exposed to CIH and treated with daily hypothalamic oxytocin neuron activation had lower blood pressure, faster heart rate recovery times after exercise, and improved indices of cardiac function compared with untreated hypertensive animals. Microarray analysis suggested that, compared with treated animals, untreated animals had gene expression profiles associated with cellular stress response activation, hypoxia-inducible factor stabilization, and myocardial extracellular matrix remodeling and fibrosis. CONCLUSIONS In animals already presenting with CIH-induced hypertension, chronic activation of hypothalamic oxytocin neurons blunted the progression of hypertension and conferred cardioprotection after an additional 4 weeks of CIH exposure. These results have significant clinical translation for the treatment of cardiovascular disease in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannette Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.R., E.C.C., G.K., R.R., B.R.A., G.H., A.G., M.M., K.J.S., M.W.K.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Joan B Escobar
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology (J.B.E., E.C.C., J.D., D.M.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Emily C Cheung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.R., E.C.C., G.K., R.R., B.R.A., G.H., A.G., M.M., K.J.S., M.W.K.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology (J.B.E., E.C.C., J.D., D.M.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Grant Kowalik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.R., E.C.C., G.K., R.R., B.R.A., G.H., A.G., M.M., K.J.S., M.W.K.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Rebekah Russo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.R., E.C.C., G.K., R.R., B.R.A., G.H., A.G., M.M., K.J.S., M.W.K.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Jhansi Dyavanapalli
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology (J.B.E., E.C.C., J.D., D.M.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Bridget R Alber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.R., E.C.C., G.K., R.R., B.R.A., G.H., A.G., M.M., K.J.S., M.W.K.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Grey Harral
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.R., E.C.C., G.K., R.R., B.R.A., G.H., A.G., M.M., K.J.S., M.W.K.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Aman Gill
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.R., E.C.C., G.K., R.R., B.R.A., G.H., A.G., M.M., K.J.S., M.W.K.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Makeda Melkie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.R., E.C.C., G.K., R.R., B.R.A., G.H., A.G., M.M., K.J.S., M.W.K.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Vivek Jain
- Department of Medicine (V.J.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Kathryn J Schunke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.R., E.C.C., G.K., R.R., B.R.A., G.H., A.G., M.M., K.J.S., M.W.K.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
- Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry & Physiology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI (K.J.S.)
| | - David Mendelowitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology (J.B.E., E.C.C., J.D., D.M.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Matthew W Kay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering (J.R., E.C.C., G.K., R.R., B.R.A., G.H., A.G., M.M., K.J.S., M.W.K.), The George Washington University, Washington, DC
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8
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Gams A, Brennan JA, Goldrick K, Efimov IR. Molecular and Functional Remodeling of Superior and Inferior SAN in a Rat Model of HCM. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2022; 8:1341-1353. [PMID: 36424000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, our laboratory presented functional and molecular evidence for the presence of 2 competing sinoatrial node (SAN) pacemakers in healthy human and rat hearts. Anatomically localized near the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava, the superior and inferior SANs (sSAN and iSAN, respectively) preferentially control fast and slow normal heart rates. However, only 1 dominant pacemaker, primarily the sSAN, was functional in the failing rat heart with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the transcriptional basis of functional silencing of 1 of 2 dominant pacemakers in failing rat hearts. METHODS Ascending aortic constriction was performed on 1-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rat pups to induce left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure. The dominant pacemaker was anatomically mapped in adult (10-12 weeks old) healthy and failing rat hearts using optical mapping in isolated right atrial tissue preparations. RNA sequencing was used to identify regional sSAN/iSAN gene expression differences between healthy and failing rat hearts. RESULTS In all failing rat hearts optically mapped in this study (n = 4), only the sSAN pacemaker was functional, while the iSAN was silent. Compared to healthy rat hearts, a total of 3,640 genes were downregulated, and 4,518 genes were upregulated in failing rat hearts. The functional quiescence of the iSAN in these failing rat hearts may be explained by their downregulation of sodium, potassium, and calcium ion channels as well as their downregulation of specific structural genes, including ankyrin, titin, and myosin heavy chain. Moreover, the iSAN showed predominant downregulation of several key transcription factors such as Tbx5, Tbx3, Shox2, and Smad9. CONCLUSIONS Pressure-overload-induced heart failure resulted in significant downregulation of critical transcription factors, ion channels, and structural transcripts of the iSAN, which could explain the functional silencing of the iSAN in failing rat hearts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gams
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jaclyn A Brennan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Katherine Goldrick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Igor R Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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9
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Tsingotjidou AS. Oxytocin: A Multi-Functional Biomolecule with Potential Actions in Dysfunctional Conditions; From Animal Studies and Beyond. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1603. [PMID: 36358953 PMCID: PMC9687803 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin is a hormone secreted from definite neuroendocrine neurons located in specific nuclei in the hypothalamus (mainly from paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei), and its main known function is the contraction of uterine and/or mammary gland cells responsible for parturition and breastfeeding. Among the actions of the peripherally secreted oxytocin is the prevention of different degenerative disorders. These actions have been proven in cell culture and in animal models or have been tested in humans based on hypotheses from previous studies. This review presents the knowledge gained from the previous studies, displays the results from oxytocin intervention and/or treatment and proposes that the well described actions of oxytocin might be connected to other numerous, diverse actions of the biomolecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia S Tsingotjidou
- Laboratory of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54 124 Thessaloniki, Greece
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10
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Marazziti D, Diep PT, Carter S, Carbone MG. Oxytocin: An Old Hormone, A Novel Psychotropic Drug And Possible Use In Treating Psychiatric Disorders. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:5615-5687. [PMID: 35894453 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220727120646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxytocin is a nonapeptide synthesized in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus. Historically, this molecule has been involved as a key factor in the formation of infant attachment, maternal behavior and pair bonding and, more generally, in linking social signals with cognition, behaviors and reward. In the last decades, the whole oxytocin system has gained a growing interest as it was proposed to be implicated in etiopathogenesis of several neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. METHODS With the main goal of an in-depth understanding of the oxytocin role in the regulation of different functions and complex behaviors as well as its intriguing implications in different neuropsychiatric disorders, we performed a critical review of the current state of art. We carried out this work through PubMed database up to June 2021 with the search terms: 1) "oxytocin and neuropsychiatric disorders"; 2) "oxytocin and neurodevelopmental disorders"; 3) "oxytocin and anorexia"; 4) "oxytocin and eating disorders"; 5) "oxytocin and obsessive-compulsive disorder"; 6) "oxytocin and schizophrenia"; 7) "oxytocin and depression"; 8) "oxytocin and bipolar disorder"; 9) "oxytocin and psychosis"; 10) "oxytocin and anxiety"; 11) "oxytocin and personality disorder"; 12) "oxytocin and PTSD". RESULTS Biological, genetic, and epigenetic studies highlighted quality and quantity modifications in the expression of oxytocin peptide or in oxytocin receptor isoforms. These alterations would seem to be correlated with a higher risk of presenting several neuropsychiatric disorders belonging to different psychopathological spectra. Collaterally, the exogenous oxytocin administration has shown to ameliorate many neuropsychiatric clinical conditions. CONCLUSION Finally, we briefly analyzed the potential pharmacological use of oxytocin in patient with severe symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and immunoregulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Marazziti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Italy.,Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, Rome, Italy
| | - Phuoc-Tan Diep
- Department of Histopathology, Royal Lancaster Infirmary, University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Sue Carter
- Director Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Manuel G Carbone
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Division of Psychiatry, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
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11
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Chemogenetics as a neuromodulatory approach to treating neuropsychiatric diseases and disorders. Mol Ther 2022; 30:990-1005. [PMID: 34861415 PMCID: PMC8899595 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemogenetics enables precise, non-invasive, and reversible modulation of neural activity via the activation of engineered receptors that are pharmacologically selective to endogenous or exogenous ligands. With recent advances in therapeutic gene delivery, chemogenetics is poised to support novel interventions against neuropsychiatric diseases and disorders. To evaluate its translational potential, we performed a scoping review of applications of chemogenetics that led to the reversal of molecular and behavioral deficits in studies relevant to neuropsychiatric diseases and disorders. In this review, we present these findings and discuss the potential and challenges for using chemogenetics as a precision medicine-based neuromodulation strategy.
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12
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Kay MW, Jain V, Panjrath G, Mendelowitz D. Targeting Parasympathetic Activity to Improve Autonomic Tone and Clinical Outcomes. Physiology (Bethesda) 2022; 37:39-45. [PMID: 34486396 PMCID: PMC8742722 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00023.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review we will briefly summarize the evidence that autonomic imbalance, more specifically reduced parasympathetic activity to the heart, generates and/or maintains many cardiorespiratory diseases and will discuss mechanisms and sites, from myocytes to the brain, that are potential translational targets for restoring parasympathetic activity and improving cardiorespiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W. Kay
- 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Vivek Jain
- 2Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Gurusher Panjrath
- 3Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - David Mendelowitz
- 4Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
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13
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Wsol A, Gondek A, Podobinska M, Chmielewski M, Sajdel-Sułkowska E, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A. Increased oxytocinergic system activity in the cardiac muscle in spontaneously hypertensive SHR rats. Arch Med Sci 2022; 18:1088-1094. [PMID: 35832696 PMCID: PMC9266931 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.85446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study aimed to determine whether the presence of cardiac hypertrophy due to arterial hypertension is associated with a change in the activity of the oxytocinergic system in cardiomyocytes. MATERIAL AND METHODS The experiments were performed on male, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR, n = 10) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY, n = 12). Blood samples were collected from both SHR and WKY animals to asses plasma oxytocin (OT) concentration; the rats were sacrificed by decapitation. Samples of the left and right ventricles were harvested for the analysis of the OT and oxytocin receptor (OTR) protein by ELISA, and OT and OTR mRNA expression by RT-PCR. Immunohistopathological studies were performed to confirm the presence of OTR receptors in the cardiac muscle of the ventricles. RESULTS Plasma OT concentration did not differ between SHR and WKY rats. In the SHR rats, the expression of OT mRNA and the OT protein level was higher in the left and the right ventricle, while OTR mRNA expression was significantly lower in both the left and the right ventricle. However, the level of OTR protein was higher only in the left ventricle of the SHR rats. The presence of OTR receptors was confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis in the muscle of the right and left ventricle. CONCLUSIONS The presence of arterial hypertension is associated with increased activity of the oxytocinergic system in the heart, especially in the area of the left ventricle. These findings support the important role of this system in the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wsol
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of the Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Gondek
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of the Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Martyna Podobinska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of the Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Chmielewski
- Chair and Department of Cardiology, Hypertension, and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Sajdel-Sułkowska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of the Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of the Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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14
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Wasserman AH, Huang AR, Lewis-Israeli YR, Dooley MD, Mitchell AL, Venkatesan M, Aguirre A. Oxytocin promotes epicardial cell activation and heart regeneration after cardiac injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:985298. [PMID: 36247002 PMCID: PMC9561106 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.985298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, and frequently leads to massive heart injury and the loss of billions of cardiac muscle cells and associated vasculature. Critical work in the last 2 decades demonstrated that these lost cells can be partially regenerated by the epicardium, the outermost mesothelial layer of the heart, in a process that highly recapitulates its role in heart development. Upon cardiac injury, mature epicardial cells activate and undergo an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to form epicardium-derived progenitor cells (EpiPCs), multipotent progenitors that can differentiate into several important cardiac lineages, including cardiomyocytes and vascular cells. In mammals, this process alone is insufficient for significant regeneration, but it might be possible to prime it by administering specific reprogramming factors, leading to enhanced EpiPC function. Here, we show that oxytocin (OXT), a hypothalamic neuroendocrine peptide, induces epicardial cell proliferation, EMT, and transcriptional activity in a model of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived epicardial cells. In addition, we demonstrate that OXT is produced after cardiac cryoinjury in zebrafish, and that it elicits significant epicardial activation promoting heart regeneration. Oxytocin signaling is also critical for proper epicardium development in zebrafish embryos. The above processes are significantly impaired when OXT signaling is inhibited chemically or genetically through RNA interference. RNA sequencing data suggests that the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) pathway is the primary mediator of OXT-induced epicardial activation. Our research reveals for the first time an evolutionary conserved brain-controlled mechanism inducing cellular reprogramming and regeneration of the injured mammalian and zebrafish heart, a finding that could contribute to translational advances for the treatment of cardiac injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron H Wasserman
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Amanda R Huang
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Yonatan R Lewis-Israeli
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - McKenna D Dooley
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Allison L Mitchell
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Manigandan Venkatesan
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Aitor Aguirre
- Division of Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering (IQ), Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
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15
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Clyburn C, Sepe JJ, Habecker BA. What gets on the nerves of cardiac patients? Pathophysiological changes in cardiac innervation. J Physiol 2021; 600:451-461. [PMID: 34921407 PMCID: PMC8810748 DOI: 10.1113/jp281118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The autonomic nervous system regulates cardiac function by balancing the actions of sympathetic and parasympathetic inputs to the heart. Intrinsic cardiac neurocircuits integrate these autonomic signals to fine-tune cardiac control, and sensory feedback loops regulate autonomic transmission in the face of external stimuli. These interconnected neural systems allow the heart to adapt to constantly changing circumstances that range from simple fluctuations in body position to running a marathon. The cardiac reflexes that serve to maintain homeostasis in health are disrupted in many disease states. This is often characterized by increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic transmission. Studies of cardiovascular disease reveal remodelling of cardiac neurocircuits at several functional and anatomical levels. Central circuits change so that sympathetic pathways become hyperactive, while parasympathetic circuits exhibit decreased activity. Peripheral sensory nerves also become hyperactive in disease, which increases patients' risk for poor cardiac outcomes. Injury and disease also alter the types of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides released by autonomic nerves in the heart, and can lead to regional hyperinnervation (increased nerve density) or denervation (decreased nerve density) of cardiac tissue. The mechanisms responsible for neural remodelling are not fully understood, but neurotrophins and inflammatory cytokines are likely involved. Areas of active investigation include the role of immune cells and inflammation in neural remodelling, as well as the role of glia in modulating peripheral neuronal activity. Our growing understanding of autonomic dysfunction in disease has facilitated development of new therapeutic strategies to improve health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney Clyburn
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Joseph J Sepe
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Beth A Habecker
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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16
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Yang Y, Wang Z, Yao M, Xiong W, Wang J, Fang Y, Yang W, Jiang H, Song N, Liu L, Qian J. Oxytocin Protects Against Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy by Inhibiting PI3K/AKT Pathway via a lncRNA GAS5/miR-375-3p/KLF4-Dependent Mechanism. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:766024. [PMID: 34925023 PMCID: PMC8678504 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.766024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac hypertrophy is caused by cardiac volume or pressure overload conditions and ultimately leads to contractile dysfunction and heart failure. Oxytocin (OT), an endocrine nonapeptide, has been identified as a cardiovascular homeostatic hormone with anti-hypertrophic effects. However, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of OT in cardiac hypertrophy. The rats with cardiac hypertrophy induced by isoproterenol (ISO) were treated with or without oxytocin. Cardiac functional parameters were analyzed by echocardiography. The changes in cell surface area were observed using wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) or immunofluorescence staining. The expressions of cardiac hypertrophy markers (B-Natriuretic Peptide, BNP and β-myosin heavy chain, β-MHC), long non-coding RNA Growth (LcRNA) Arrest-Specific transcript 5 (lncRNA GAS5), miR-375-3p, and Kruppel-like factor 4 (Klf4) were detected by qRT-PCR. KLF4 protein and PI3K/AKT pathway related proteins were detected by Western blot. The interactions among lncRNA GAS5, miR-375-3p, and Klf4 were verified by dual-luciferase reporter assays. The findings showed that OT significantly attenuated cardiac hypertrophy, increased expressions of lncRNA GAS5 and KLF4, and decreased miR-375-3p expression. In vitro studies demonstrated that either knock-down of lncRNA GAS5 or Klf4, or over-expression of miR-375-3p blunted the anti-hypertrophic effects of OT. Moreover, down-regulation of lncRNA GAS5 promoted the expression of miR-375-3p and inhibited KLF4 expression. Similarly, over-expression of miR-375-3p decreased the expression of KLF4. Dual-luciferase reporter assays validated that lncRNA GAS5 could sponge miR-375-3p and Klf4 was a direct target gene of miR-375-3p. In addition, OT could inactivate PI3K/AKT pathway. The functional rescue experiments further identified OT regulated PI3K/AKT pathway through lncRNA GAS5/miR-375-3p/KLF4 axis. In summary, our study demonstrates that OT ameliorates cardiac hypertrophy by inhibiting PI3K/AKT pathway via lncRNA GAS5/miR-375-3p/KLF4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiao Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhuoran Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Mengran Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Haixia Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Ning Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jinqiao Qian
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Jinqiao Qian,
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17
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The Gasotransmitter Hydrogen Sulfide and the Neuropeptide Oxytocin as Potential Mediators of Beneficial Cardiovascular Effects through Meditation after Traumatic Events. TRAUMA CARE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/traumacare1030016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Trauma and its related psychological and somatic consequences are associated with higher cardiovascular morbidity. The regulation of both the gasotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and the neuropeptide oxytocin (OT) have been reported to be affected during physical and psychological trauma. Both mediators are likely molecular correlates of trauma-induced cardiovascular complications, because they share parallel roles and signaling pathways in the cardiovascular system, both locally as well as on the level of central regulation and the vagus nerve. Meditation can alter the structure of specific brain regions and can have beneficial effects on cardiovascular health. This perspective article summarizes the evidence pointing toward the significance of H2S and OT signaling in meditation-mediated cardio-protection.
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18
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Szczepanska-Sadowska E, Wsol A, Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska A, Żera T. Complementary Role of Oxytocin and Vasopressin in Cardiovascular Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11465. [PMID: 34768894 PMCID: PMC8584236 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurons secreting oxytocin (OXY) and vasopressin (AVP) are located mainly in the supraoptic, paraventricular, and suprachiasmatic nucleus of the brain. Oxytocinergic and vasopressinergic projections reach several regions of the brain and the spinal cord. Both peptides are released from axons, soma, and dendrites and modulate the excitability of other neuroregulatory pathways. The synthesis and action of OXY and AVP in the peripheral organs (eye, heart, gastrointestinal system) is being investigated. The secretion of OXY and AVP is influenced by changes in body fluid osmolality, blood volume, blood pressure, hypoxia, and stress. Vasopressin interacts with three subtypes of receptors: V1aR, V1bR, and V2R whereas oxytocin activates its own OXTR and V1aR receptors. AVP and OXY receptors are present in several regions of the brain (cortex, hypothalamus, pons, medulla, and cerebellum) and in the peripheral organs (heart, lungs, carotid bodies, kidneys, adrenal glands, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, ovaries, uterus, thymus). Hypertension, myocardial infarction, and coexisting factors, such as pain and stress, have a significant impact on the secretion of oxytocin and vasopressin and on the expression of their receptors. The inappropriate regulation of oxytocin and vasopressin secretion during ischemia, hypoxia/hypercapnia, inflammation, pain, and stress may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Szczepanska-Sadowska
- Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (A.C.-J.); (T.Ż.)
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19
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Friuli M, Eramo B, Valenza M, Scuderi C, Provensi G, Romano A. Targeting the Oxytocinergic System: A Possible Pharmacological Strategy for the Treatment of Inflammation Occurring in Different Chronic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10250. [PMID: 34638587 PMCID: PMC8508899 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Unresolved inflammation represents a central feature of different human pathologies including neuropsychiatric, cardiovascular, and metabolic diseases. The epidemiologic relevance of such disorders justifies the increasing interest in further understanding the mechanisms underpinning the inflammatory process occurring in such chronic diseases to provide potential novel pharmacological approaches. The most common and effective therapies for controlling inflammation are glucocorticoids; however, a variety of other molecules have been demonstrated to have an anti-inflammatory potential, including neuropeptides. In recent years, the oxytocinergic system has seen an explosion of scientific studies, demonstrating its potential to contribute to a variety of physiological processes including inflammation. Therefore, the aim of the present review was to understand the role of oxytocin in the modulation of inflammation occurring in different chronic diseases. The criterion we used to select the diseases was based on the emerging literature showing a putative involvement of the oxytocinergic system in inflammatory processes in a variety of pathologies including neurological, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular disorders, diabetes and obesity. The evidence reviewed here supports a beneficial role of oxytocin in the control of both peripheral and central inflammatory response happening in the aforementioned pathologies. Although future studies are necessary to elucidate the mechanistic details underlying such regulation, this review supports the idea that the modulation of the endogenous oxytocinergic system might represent a new potential pharmacological approach for the treatment of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Friuli
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (B.E.); (M.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Barbara Eramo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (B.E.); (M.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Marta Valenza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (B.E.); (M.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Caterina Scuderi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (B.E.); (M.V.); (C.S.)
| | - Gustavo Provensi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Section of Pharmacology of Toxicology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy;
| | - Adele Romano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “V. Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy; (M.F.); (B.E.); (M.V.); (C.S.)
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20
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Yang LN, Chen K, Yin XP, Liu D, Zhu LQ. The Comprehensive Neural Mechanism of Oxytocin in Analgesia. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 20:147-157. [PMID: 34525934 PMCID: PMC9199553 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666210826142107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin (OXT) is a nine amino acid neuropeptide hormone that has become one of the most intensively studied molecules in the past few decades. The vast majority of OXT is synthesized in the periventricular nucleus and supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus, and a few are synthesized in some peripheral organs (such as the uterus, ovaries, adrenal glands, thymus, pancreas, etc.) OXT modulates a series of physiological processes, including lactation, parturition, as well as some social behaviors. In addition, more and more attention has recently been focused on the analgesic effects of oxytocin. It has been reported that OXT can relieve tension and pain without other adverse effects. However, the critical role and detailed mechanism of OXT in analgesia remain unclear. This review aims to summarize the mechanism of OXT in analgesia and some ideas about the mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu-Nan Yang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030. China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Yin
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiujiang University, Jiujiang. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030. China
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030. China
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21
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McCook O, Denoix N, Radermacher P, Waller C, Merz T. H 2S and Oxytocin Systems in Early Life Stress and Cardiovascular Disease. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10163484. [PMID: 34441780 PMCID: PMC8397059 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10163484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Today it is well established that early life stress leads to cardiovascular programming that manifests in cardiovascular disease, but the mechanisms by which this occurs, are not fully understood. This perspective review examines the relevant literature that implicates the dysregulation of the gasomediator hydrogen sulfide and the neuroendocrine oxytocin systems in heart disease and their putative mechanistic role in the early life stress developmental origins of cardiovascular disease. Furthermore, interesting hints towards the mutual interaction of the hydrogen sulfide and OT systems are identified, especially with regards to the connection between the central nervous and the cardiovascular system, which support the role of the vagus nerve as a communication link between the brain and the heart in stress-mediated cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar McCook
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (N.D.); (P.R.); (T.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-731-500-60185; Fax: +49-731-500-60162
| | - Nicole Denoix
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (N.D.); (P.R.); (T.M.)
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (N.D.); (P.R.); (T.M.)
| | - Christiane Waller
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg General Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, 90471 Nuremberg, Germany;
| | - Tamara Merz
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (N.D.); (P.R.); (T.M.)
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22
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Cavalcante GL, Brognara F, Oliveira LVDC, Lataro RM, Durand MDT, Oliveira AP, Nóbrega ACL, Salgado HC, Sabino JPJ. Benefits of pharmacological and electrical cholinergic stimulation in hypertension and heart failure. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2021; 232:e13663. [PMID: 33884761 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Systemic arterial hypertension and heart failure are cardiovascular diseases that affect millions of individuals worldwide. They are characterized by a change in the autonomic nervous system balance, highlighted by an increase in sympathetic activity associated with a decrease in parasympathetic activity. Most therapeutic approaches seek to treat these diseases by medications that attenuate sympathetic activity. However, there is a growing number of studies demonstrating that the improvement of parasympathetic function, by means of pharmacological or electrical stimulation, can be an effective tool for the treatment of these cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this review aims to describe the advances reported by experimental and clinical studies that addressed the potential of cholinergic stimulation to prevent autonomic and cardiovascular imbalance in hypertension and heart failure. Overall, the published data reviewed demonstrate that the use of central or peripheral acetylcholinesterase inhibitors is efficient to improve the autonomic imbalance and hemodynamic changes observed in heart failure and hypertension. Of note, the baroreflex and the vagus nerve activation have been shown to be safe and effective approaches to be used as an alternative treatment for these cardiovascular diseases. In conclusion, pharmacological and electrical stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system has the potential to be used as a therapeutic tool for the treatment of hypertension and heart failure, deserving to be more explored in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele L. Cavalcante
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Biophysics and Physiology Federal University of Piaui Teresina PI Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Fernanda Brognara
- Department of Physiology Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - Lucas Vaz de C. Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Biophysics and Physiology Federal University of Piaui Teresina PI Brazil
| | - Renata M. Lataro
- Department of Physiological Sciences Center of Biological Sciences Federal University of Santa Catarina Florianópolis SP Brazil
| | | | - Aldeidia P. Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Pharmacology Department of Biophysics and Physiology Federal University of Piaui Teresina PI Brazil
| | | | - Helio C. Salgado
- Department of Physiology Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
| | - João Paulo J. Sabino
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences Department of Biophysics and Physiology Federal University of Piaui Teresina PI Brazil
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23
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Carter CS, Kenkel WM, MacLean EL, Wilson SR, Perkeybile AM, Yee JR, Ferris CF, Nazarloo HP, Porges SW, Davis JM, Connelly JJ, Kingsbury MA. Is Oxytocin "Nature's Medicine"? Pharmacol Rev 2021; 72:829-861. [PMID: 32912963 PMCID: PMC7495339 DOI: 10.1124/pr.120.019398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxytocin is a pleiotropic, peptide hormone with broad implications for general health, adaptation, development, reproduction, and social behavior. Endogenous oxytocin and stimulation of the oxytocin receptor support patterns of growth, resilience, and healing. Oxytocin can function as a stress-coping molecule, an anti-inflammatory, and an antioxidant, with protective effects especially in the face of adversity or trauma. Oxytocin influences the autonomic nervous system and the immune system. These properties of oxytocin may help explain the benefits of positive social experiences and have drawn attention to this molecule as a possible therapeutic in a host of disorders. However, as detailed here, the unique chemical properties of oxytocin, including active disulfide bonds, and its capacity to shift chemical forms and bind to other molecules make this molecule difficult to work with and to measure. The effects of oxytocin also are context-dependent, sexually dimorphic, and altered by experience. In part, this is because many of the actions of oxytocin rely on its capacity to interact with the more ancient peptide molecule, vasopressin, and the vasopressin receptors. In addition, oxytocin receptor(s) are epigenetically tuned by experience, especially in early life. Stimulation of G-protein–coupled receptors triggers subcellular cascades allowing these neuropeptides to have multiple functions. The adaptive properties of oxytocin make this ancient molecule of special importance to human evolution as well as modern medicine and health; these same characteristics also present challenges to the use of oxytocin-like molecules as drugs that are only now being recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sue Carter
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana (C.S.C., W.M.K., A.M.P., H.P.N., S.W.P.); School of Anthropology, Department of Psychology, and College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (E.L.M.); Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R.W.); Institute of Animal Welfare Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (J.R.Y.); Departments of Psychology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.F.F.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (J.M.D.); Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (J.J.C.); and Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charleston, Massachusetts (M.A.K.)
| | - William M Kenkel
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana (C.S.C., W.M.K., A.M.P., H.P.N., S.W.P.); School of Anthropology, Department of Psychology, and College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (E.L.M.); Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R.W.); Institute of Animal Welfare Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (J.R.Y.); Departments of Psychology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.F.F.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (J.M.D.); Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (J.J.C.); and Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charleston, Massachusetts (M.A.K.)
| | - Evan L MacLean
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana (C.S.C., W.M.K., A.M.P., H.P.N., S.W.P.); School of Anthropology, Department of Psychology, and College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (E.L.M.); Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R.W.); Institute of Animal Welfare Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (J.R.Y.); Departments of Psychology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.F.F.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (J.M.D.); Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (J.J.C.); and Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charleston, Massachusetts (M.A.K.)
| | - Steven R Wilson
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana (C.S.C., W.M.K., A.M.P., H.P.N., S.W.P.); School of Anthropology, Department of Psychology, and College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (E.L.M.); Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R.W.); Institute of Animal Welfare Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (J.R.Y.); Departments of Psychology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.F.F.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (J.M.D.); Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (J.J.C.); and Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charleston, Massachusetts (M.A.K.)
| | - Allison M Perkeybile
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana (C.S.C., W.M.K., A.M.P., H.P.N., S.W.P.); School of Anthropology, Department of Psychology, and College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (E.L.M.); Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R.W.); Institute of Animal Welfare Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (J.R.Y.); Departments of Psychology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.F.F.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (J.M.D.); Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (J.J.C.); and Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charleston, Massachusetts (M.A.K.)
| | - Jason R Yee
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana (C.S.C., W.M.K., A.M.P., H.P.N., S.W.P.); School of Anthropology, Department of Psychology, and College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (E.L.M.); Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R.W.); Institute of Animal Welfare Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (J.R.Y.); Departments of Psychology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.F.F.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (J.M.D.); Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (J.J.C.); and Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charleston, Massachusetts (M.A.K.)
| | - Craig F Ferris
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana (C.S.C., W.M.K., A.M.P., H.P.N., S.W.P.); School of Anthropology, Department of Psychology, and College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (E.L.M.); Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R.W.); Institute of Animal Welfare Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (J.R.Y.); Departments of Psychology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.F.F.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (J.M.D.); Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (J.J.C.); and Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charleston, Massachusetts (M.A.K.)
| | - Hossein P Nazarloo
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana (C.S.C., W.M.K., A.M.P., H.P.N., S.W.P.); School of Anthropology, Department of Psychology, and College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (E.L.M.); Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R.W.); Institute of Animal Welfare Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (J.R.Y.); Departments of Psychology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.F.F.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (J.M.D.); Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (J.J.C.); and Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charleston, Massachusetts (M.A.K.)
| | - Stephen W Porges
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana (C.S.C., W.M.K., A.M.P., H.P.N., S.W.P.); School of Anthropology, Department of Psychology, and College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (E.L.M.); Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R.W.); Institute of Animal Welfare Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (J.R.Y.); Departments of Psychology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.F.F.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (J.M.D.); Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (J.J.C.); and Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charleston, Massachusetts (M.A.K.)
| | - John M Davis
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana (C.S.C., W.M.K., A.M.P., H.P.N., S.W.P.); School of Anthropology, Department of Psychology, and College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (E.L.M.); Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R.W.); Institute of Animal Welfare Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (J.R.Y.); Departments of Psychology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.F.F.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (J.M.D.); Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (J.J.C.); and Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charleston, Massachusetts (M.A.K.)
| | - Jessica J Connelly
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana (C.S.C., W.M.K., A.M.P., H.P.N., S.W.P.); School of Anthropology, Department of Psychology, and College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (E.L.M.); Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R.W.); Institute of Animal Welfare Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (J.R.Y.); Departments of Psychology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.F.F.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (J.M.D.); Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (J.J.C.); and Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charleston, Massachusetts (M.A.K.)
| | - Marcy A Kingsbury
- Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana (C.S.C., W.M.K., A.M.P., H.P.N., S.W.P.); School of Anthropology, Department of Psychology, and College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona (E.L.M.); Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway (S.R.W.); Institute of Animal Welfare Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria (J.R.Y.); Departments of Psychology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (C.F.F.); Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (J.M.D.); Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia (J.J.C.); and Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charleston, Massachusetts (M.A.K.)
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24
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Wang SC, Wang YF. Cardiovascular protective properties of oxytocin against COVID-19. Life Sci 2021; 270:119130. [PMID: 33513400 PMCID: PMC7837104 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection or COVID-19 has become a worldwide pandemic; however, effective treatment for COVID-19 remains to be established. Along with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), new and old cardiovascular injuries are important causes of significant morbidity and mortality in COVID-19. Exploring new approaches managing cardiovascular complications is essential in controlling the disease progression and preventing long-term complications. Oxytocin (OXT), an immune-regulating neuropeptide, has recently emerged as a strong candidate for treatment and prevention of COVID-19 pandemic. OXT carries special functions in immunologic defense, homeostasis and surveillance. It suppresses neutrophil infiltration and inflammatory cytokine release, activates T-lymphocytes, and antagonizes negative effects of angiotensin II and other key pathological events of COVID-19. Additionally, OXT can promote γ-interferon expression to inhibit cathepsin L and increases superoxide dismutase expression to reduce heparin and heparan sulphate fragmentation. Through these mechanisms, OXT can block viral invasion, suppress cytokine storm, reverse lymphocytopenia, and prevent progression to ARDS and multiple organ failures. Importantly, besides prevention of metabolic disorders associated with atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus, OXT can protect the heart and vasculature through suppressing hypertension and brain-heart syndrome, and promoting regeneration of injured cardiomyocytes. Unlike other therapeutic agents, exogenous OXT can be used safely without the side-effects seen in remdesivir and corticosteroid. Importantly, OXT can be mobilized endogenously to prevent pathogenesis of COVID-19. This article summarizes our current understandings of cardiovascular pathogenesis caused by COVID-19, explores the protective potentials of OXT against COVID-19-associated cardiovascular diseases, and discusses challenges in applying OXT in treatment and prevention of COVID-19. Chemical compounds Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2); atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP); cathepsin L; heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPGs); interferon; interleukin; oxytocin; superoxide dismutase; transmembrane serine protease isoform 2 (TMPRSS2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephani C Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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25
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Hadaya J, Ardell JL. Autonomic Modulation for Cardiovascular Disease. Front Physiol 2020; 11:617459. [PMID: 33414727 PMCID: PMC7783451 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.617459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease, including congestive heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias. Despite advances in the medical and surgical management of these entities, progression of disease persists as does the risk for sudden cardiac death. With improved knowledge of the dynamic relationships between the nervous system and heart, neuromodulatory techniques such as cardiac sympathetic denervation and vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) have emerged as possible therapeutic approaches for the management of these disorders. In this review, we present the structure and function of the cardiac nervous system and the remodeling that occurs in disease states, emphasizing the concept of increased sympathoexcitation and reduced parasympathetic tone. We review preclinical evidence for vagal nerve stimulation, and early results of clinical trials in the setting of congestive heart failure. Vagal nerve stimulation, and other neuromodulatory techniques, may improve the management of cardiovascular disorders, and warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Hadaya
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,UCLA Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Ardell
- University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Cardiac Arrhythmia Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,UCLA Neurocardiology Research Program of Excellence, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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26
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Dyavanapalli J. Novel approaches to restore parasympathetic activity to the heart in cardiorespiratory diseases. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H1153-H1161. [PMID: 33035444 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00398.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neural control of the heart is regulated by sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system, both opposing each other to maintain cardiac homeostasis via regulating heart rate, conduction velocity, force of contraction, and coronary blood flow. Sympathetic hyperactivity and diminished parasympathetic activity are the characteristic features of many cardiovascular disease states including hypertension, myocardial ischemia, and arrhythmias that result in heart failure. Restoring parasympathetic activity to the heart has recently been identified as the promising approach to treat such conditions. However, approaches that used vagal nerve stimulation have been shown to be unsuccessful in heart failure. This review focuses on novel chemogenetic approaches used to identify the cardioprotective nature of activating neural points along the vagal pathway (both central and peripheral) while being selectively therapeutic in heart failure and obstructive sleep apnea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhansi Dyavanapalli
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
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27
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Zasadny FM, Dyavanapalli J, Dowling NM, Mendelowitz D, Kay MW. Cholinergic stimulation improves electrophysiological rate adaptation during pressure overload-induced heart failure in rats. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H1358-H1368. [PMID: 33006920 PMCID: PMC7792708 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00293.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular (LV) electrical maladaptation to increased heart rate in failing myocardium contributes to morbidity and mortality. Recently, cardiac cholinergic neuron activation reduced loss of contractile function resulting from chronic trans-aortic constriction (TAC) in rats. We hypothesized that chronic activation of cardiac cholinergic neurons would also reduce TAC-induced derangement of cardiac electrical activity. METHODS We investigated electrophysiological rate adaptation in TAC rat hearts with and without daily chemogenetic activation of hypothalamic oxytocin neurons for downstream cardiac cholinergic neuron stimulation. Sprague Dawley rat hearts were excised, perfused, and optically mapped under dynamic pacing after 16 weeks of TAC with or without 12 weeks of daily chemogenetic treatment. Action potential duration (APD60) and conduction velocity (CV) maps were analyzed for regional rate adaptation to dynamic pacing. RESULTS At lower pacing rates, untreated TAC induced elevated LV epicardial APD60. Fitted APD60 steady state (APDss) was reduced in treated TAC hearts. At higher pacing rates, treatment heterogeneously reduced APD60 compared to untreated TAC hearts. Variance of conduction loss was reduced in treated hearts compared to untreated hearts during fast pacing. However, CV was markedly reduced in both treated and untreated TAC hearts throughout dynamic pacing. At 150msec pacing cycle length, APD60 v. diastolic interval (DI) dispersion was reduced in treated hearts compared to untreated hearts. CONCLUSIONS Chronic activation of cardiac cholinergic neurons improved electrophysiological adaptation to increases in pacing rate during development of TAC-induced heart failure. This provides insight into the electrophysiological benefits of cholinergic stimulation as a treatment for heart failure patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - David Mendelowitz
- Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, United States
| | - Matthew W Kay
- Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, United States
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28
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McKay EC, Counts SE. Oxytocin Receptor Signaling in Vascular Function and Stroke. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:574499. [PMID: 33071746 PMCID: PMC7544744 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.574499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The oxytocin receptor (OXTR) is a G protein-coupled receptor with a diverse repertoire of intracellular signaling pathways, which are activated in response to binding oxytocin (OXT) and a similar nonapeptide, vasopressin. This review summarizes the cell and molecular biology of the OXTR and its downstream signaling cascades, particularly focusing on the vasoactive functions of OXTR signaling in humans and animal models, as well as the clinical applications of OXTR targeting cerebrovascular accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin C McKay
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Scott E Counts
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States.,Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States.,Department of Family Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, United States.,Hauenstein Neurosciences Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, United States.,Michigan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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29
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Denoix N, McCook O, Ecker S, Wang R, Waller C, Radermacher P, Merz T. The Interaction of the Endogenous Hydrogen Sulfide and Oxytocin Systems in Fluid Regulation and the Cardiovascular System. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E748. [PMID: 32823845 PMCID: PMC7465147 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to explore the parallel roles and interaction of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and oxytocin (OT) in cardiovascular regulation and fluid homeostasis. Their interaction has been recently reported to be relevant during physical and psychological trauma. However, literature reports on H2S in physical trauma and OT in psychological trauma are abundant, whereas available information regarding H2S in psychological trauma and OT in physical trauma is much more limited. This review summarizes recent direct and indirect evidence of the interaction of the two systems and their convergence in downstream nitric oxide-dependent signaling pathways during various types of trauma, in an effort to better understand biological correlates of psychosomatic interdependencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Denoix
- Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany;
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.E.); (P.R.); (T.M.)
| | - Oscar McCook
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.E.); (P.R.); (T.M.)
| | - Sarah Ecker
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.E.); (P.R.); (T.M.)
| | - Rui Wang
- Faculty of Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;
| | - Christiane Waller
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg General Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany;
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.E.); (P.R.); (T.M.)
| | - Tamara Merz
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (S.E.); (P.R.); (T.M.)
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Dyavanapalli J, Rodriguez J, Rocha Dos Santos C, Escobar JB, Dwyer MK, Schloen J, Lee KM, Wolaver W, Wang X, Dergacheva O, Michelini LC, Schunke KJ, Spurney CF, Kay MW, Mendelowitz D. Activation of Oxytocin Neurons Improves Cardiac Function in a Pressure-Overload Model of Heart Failure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 5:484-497. [PMID: 32478209 PMCID: PMC7251188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Hypothalamic OXT neurons were chronically activated using a chemogenetic approach in an animal model of HF. Synaptic release of OXT onto parasympathetic autonomic targets was reduced in animals with HF but restored with daily treatment consisting of activation of OXT neurons. Long-term daily OXT neuron activation increased parasympathetic activity to the heart and reduced mortality, cardiac inflammation, and fibrosis and improved critical longitudinal in vivo indices of cardiac function. The benefits in cardiac function and autonomic balance in HF closely tracked the study-designed differences in initiation of OXT neuron activation in different groups.
This work shows long-term restoration of the hypothalamic oxytocin (OXT) network preserves OXT release, reduces mortality, cardiac inflammation, fibrosis, and improves autonomic tone and cardiac function in a model of heart failure. Intranasal administration of OXT in patients mimics the short-term changes seen in animals by increasing parasympathetic—and decreasing sympathetic—cardiac activity. This work provides the essential translational foundation to determine if approaches that mimic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) OXT neuron activation, such as safe, noninvasive, and well-tolerated intranasal administration of OXT, can be beneficial in patients with heart failure.
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Key Words
- ANOVA, analysis of variance
- CHO, Chinese hamster ovary
- CNO, clozapine-N-oxide
- CVN, cardiac vagal neuron
- ChR2, channelrhodopsin
- DMNX, dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus
- DREADD, designer receptors exclusively activated by designer drug
- HF, heart failure
- IL, interleukin
- LV, left ventricle
- LVDP, left ventricle- developed pressure
- OXT, oxytocin
- PVN, paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
- SD, standard deviation
- TAC, transascending aortic constriction
- heart failure
- oxytocin
- parasympathetic
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhansi Dyavanapalli
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Jeannette Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | | | - Joan B Escobar
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Mary Kate Dwyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - John Schloen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Kyung-Min Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Whitney Wolaver
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Olga Dergacheva
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Lisete C Michelini
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo/SP, Brazil
| | - Kathryn J Schunke
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Christopher F Spurney
- Children's National Heart Institute, Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
| | - Matthew W Kay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - David Mendelowitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, DC
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Dyavanapalli J, Hora AJ, Escobar JB, Schloen J, Dwyer MK, Rodriguez J, Spurney CF, Kay MW, Mendelowitz D. Chemogenetic activation of intracardiac cholinergic neurons improves cardiac function in pressure overload-induced heart failure. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 319:H3-H12. [PMID: 32412778 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00150.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is characterized by autonomic imbalance with sympathetic hyperactivity and loss of parasympathetic tone. Intracardiac ganglia (ICG) neurons represent the final common pathway for vagal innervation of the heart and strongly regulate cardiac functions. This study tests whether ICG cholinergic neuron activation mitigates the progression of cardiac dysfunction and reduces mortality that occurs in HF. HF was induced by transaortic constriction (TAC) in male transgenic Long-Evans rats expressing Cre recombinase within choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) neurons. ChAT neurons were selectively activated by expression and activation of excitatory designer receptors exclusively activated by designer receptors (DREADDs) by clozapine-N-oxide (TAC + treatment and sham-treated groups). Control animals expressed DREADDs but received saline (sham and TAC groups). A separate set of animals were telemetry instrumented to record blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). Acute activation of ICG neurons resulted in robust reductions in BP (∼20 mmHg) and HR (∼100 beats/min). All groups of animals were subjected to weekly echocardiography and treadmill stress tests from 3 to 6 wk post-TAC/sham surgery. Activation of ICG cholinergic neurons reduced the left ventricular systolic dysfunction (reductions in ejection fraction, fractional shortening, stroke volume, and cardiac output) and cardiac autonomic dysfunction [reduced HR recovery (HRR) post peak effort] observed in TAC animals. Additionally, activation of ICG ChAT neurons reduced mortality by 30% compared with untreated TAC animals. These data suggest that ICG cholinergic neuron activation reduces cardiac dysfunction and improves survival in HF, indicating that ICG neuron activation could be a novel target for treating HF.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Intracardiac ganglia form the final common pathway for the parasympathetic innervation of the heart. This study has used a novel chemogenetic approach within transgenic ChAT-Cre rats [expressing only Cre-recombinase in choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) neurons] to selectively increase intracardiac cholinergic parasympathetic activity to the heart in a pressure overload-induced heart failure model. The findings from this study confirm that selective activation of intracardiac cholinergic neurons lessens cardiac dysfunction and mortality seen in heart failure, identifying a novel downstream cardiac-selective target for increasing cardioprotective parasympathetic activity in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhansi Dyavanapalli
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Aloysius James Hora
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Joan B Escobar
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - John Schloen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Mary Kate Dwyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jeannette Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Christopher F Spurney
- Children's National Heart Institute, Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Matthew W Kay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - David Mendelowitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
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32
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A. Habecker
- Department of Chemical Physiology and Biochemistry, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Medicine, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon
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33
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Szczepanska-Sadowska E, Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska A, Wsol A. The role of oxytocin and vasopressin in the pathophysiology of heart failure in pregnancy and in fetal and neonatal life. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2020; 318:H639-H651. [PMID: 32056469 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00484.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy and early life create specific psychosomatic challenges for the mother and child, such as changes in hemodynamics, resetting of the water-electrolyte balance, hypoxia, pain, and stress, that all play an important role in the regulation of the release of oxytocin and vasopressin. Both of these hormones regulate the water-electrolyte balance and cardiovascular functions, maturation of the cardiovascular system, and cardiovascular responses to stress. These aspects may be of particular importance in a state of emergency, such as hypertension in the mother or severe heart failure in the child. In this review, we draw attention to a broad spectrum of actions exerted by oxytocin and vasopressin in the pregnant mother and the offspring during early life. To this end, we discuss the following topics: 1) regulation of the secretion of oxytocin and vasopressin and expression of their receptors in the pregnant mother and child, 2) direct and indirect effects of oxytocin and vasopressin on the cardiovascular system in the healthy mother and fetus, and 3) positive and negative consequences of altered secretion of oxytocin and vasopressin in the mother with cardiovascular pathology and in the progeny with heart failure. The present survey provides evidence that moderate stimulation of the oxytocin and vasopressin receptors plays a beneficial role in the healthy pregnant mother and fetus; however, under pathophysiological conditions the inappropriate action of these hormones exerts several negative effects on the cardiovascular system of the mother and progeny and may potentially contribute to the pathophysiology of heart failure in early life.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Szczepanska-Sadowska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Wsol
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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34
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Buemann B, Uvnäs-Moberg K. Oxytocin may have a therapeutical potential against cardiovascular disease. Possible pharmaceutical and behavioral approaches. Med Hypotheses 2020; 138:109597. [PMID: 32032912 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.109597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Based on the ancient role of oxytocin and its homologues as amplifiers of reproduction we argue for an evolutionary coupling of oxytocin to signaling pathway which support restorative mechanisms of cells and tissue. In particular, the survival and function of different categories of stem cells and primordial cells are enhanced by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Furthermore, oxytocin stimulates the AMP-activated protein kinase pathway (AMPK) in numerous of cell types which promotes the maintenance of different cell structures. This involves autophagic processes and, in particular, may support the renewal of mitochondria. Mitochondrial fitness may protect against oxidative and inflammatory stress - a well-documented effect of oxytocin. The combined specific trophic and protective effects oxytocin may delay several degenerative phenomena including sarcopenia, type-2 diabetes and atherosclerosis. These effects may be exerted both on a central level supporting the function and integrity of the hypothalamus and peripherally acting directly on blood vessels, pancreas, heart, skeletal muscles and adipose tissue etc. Furthermore, in the capacity of being both a hormone and neuromodulator, oxytocin interacts with numerous of regulatory mechanisms particularly the autonomic nervous system and HPA-axis which may reduce blood pressure and affect the immune function. The potential of the oxytocin system as a behavioral and molecular target for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease is discussed. Focus is put on the affiliative and sexual significance and the different options and limitations associated with a pharmaceutical approach. MeSH: Aging, Atherosclerosis, Heart, Hypothalamus, Inflammation, Love, Orgasm, Oxytocin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kerstin Uvnäs-Moberg
- Department of Animal Environment and Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Skara, Sweden
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35
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Wsol A, Wojno O, Puchalska L, Wrzesien R, Szczepanska-Sadowska E, Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska A. Impaired hypotensive effects of centrally acting oxytocin in SHR and WKY rats exposed to chronic mild stress. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2020; 318:R160-R172. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00050.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to determine the role of centrally acting oxytocin (OT) in the regulation of blood pressure during chronic mild stress (CMS) in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR; n = 36) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY; n = 38) rats. The rats were implanted with osmotic minipumps for intracerebroventricular infusions of 0.9% NaCl, OT, and oxytocin receptor antagonist (OTANT) and divided into two groups: SHR and WKY 1) exposed to 4-wk CMS and 2) not exposed to stress (controls). After 4 wk, hemodynamic parameters were recorded at rest and after an application of acute stressor [air-jet stress (AJS)]. Resting mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) was significantly lower in CMS-exposed SHR and WKY infused with OT than in the corresponding groups receiving saline. Exposure to CMS exaggerated the AJS-dependent pressor response in WKY receiving saline but not in the corresponding group of SHR. OT infusion reduced the AJS-dependent pressor response in both CMS-exposed and not exposed SHR and in CMS-exposed WKY. Intracerebroventricular infusion of OTANT potentiated the AJS-dependent pressor response in both stressed and not stressed WKY rats but not in SHR. The results show that centrally delivered OT decreases resting MAP during CMS in both SHR and WKY rats and that in SHR it reduces pressor responses to AJS under control and CMS conditions, whereas in WKY this effect is significant only after CMS exposure. The study indicates that endogenous centrally acting OT may play an essential role in buffering pressor responses to AJS in CMS-exposed and not exposed WKY rats and that this function is significantly impaired in SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Wsol
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - O. Wojno
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - L. Puchalska
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - R. Wrzesien
- Department of Animal Breeding, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E. Szczepanska-Sadowska
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A. Cudnoch-Jedrzejewska
- Chair and Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Centre for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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36
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Wang P, Wang SC, Yang H, Lv C, Jia S, Liu X, Wang X, Meng D, Qin D, Zhu H, Wang YF. Therapeutic Potential of Oxytocin in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Mechanisms and Signaling Pathways. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:454. [PMID: 31178679 PMCID: PMC6537480 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cardiovascular disease responsible for high morbidity and mortality worldwide. The major pathophysiological basis of CAD is atherosclerosis in association with varieties of immunometabolic disorders that can suppress oxytocin (OT) receptor (OTR) signaling in the cardiovascular system (CVS). By contrast, OT not only maintains cardiovascular integrity but also has the potential to suppress and even reverse atherosclerotic alterations and CAD. These protective effects of OT are associated with its protection of the heart and blood vessels from immunometabolic injuries and the resultant inflammation and apoptosis through both peripheral and central approaches. As a result, OT can decelerate the progression of atherosclerosis and facilitate the recovery of CVS from these injuries. At the cellular level, the protective effect of OT on CVS involves a broad array of OTR signaling events. These signals mainly belong to the reperfusion injury salvage kinase pathway that is composed of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase cascades and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2. Additionally, AMP-activated protein kinase, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase signaling and many others are also implicated in OTR signaling in the CVS protection. These signaling events interact coordinately at many levels to suppress the production of inflammatory cytokines and the activation of apoptotic pathways. A particular target of these signaling events is endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and mitochondrial oxidative stress that interact through mitochondria-associated ER membrane. In contrast to these protective effects and machineries, rare but serious cardiovascular disturbances were also reported in labor induction and animal studies including hypotension, reflexive tachycardia, coronary spasm or thrombosis and allergy. Here, we review our current understanding of the protective effect of OT against varieties of atherosclerotic etiologies as well as the approaches and underlying mechanisms of these effects. Moreover, potential cardiovascular disturbances following OT application are also discussed to avoid unwanted effects in clinical trials of OT usages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Stephani C Wang
- Department of Medicine, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY, United States
| | - Haipeng Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Forth Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunmei Lv
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuwei Jia
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoran Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dexin Meng
- Department of Physiology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Danian Qin
- Department of Physiology, Shantou University of Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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37
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Moreno A, Endicott K, Skancke M, Dwyer MK, Brennan J, Efimov IR, Trachiotis G, Mendelowitz D, Kay MW. Sudden Heart Rate Reduction Upon Optogenetic Release of Acetylcholine From Cardiac Parasympathetic Neurons in Perfused Hearts. Front Physiol 2019; 10:16. [PMID: 30745877 PMCID: PMC6360159 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The balance of sympathetic and parasympathetic tone provides exquisite control of heart rate and contractility and has also been shown to modulate coronary flow and inflammation. Understanding how autonomic balance is altered by cardiac disease is an active area of research, and developing new ways to control this balance provides insights into disease therapies. However, achieving acute neuron-specific stimulation of autonomic neurons can be difficult in experiments that measure the acute effects of nerve stimulation on the heart. Conventional electrical and pharmacological approaches can be spatially and temporally non-selective. Cell-specific expression of light-activated channels (channelrhodopsin, ChR2) is a powerful approach that enables control of the timing and distribution of cellular stimulation using light. We present such an optogenetic approach where parasympathetic cardiac neurons are selectively photoactivated at high temporal precision to initiate cholinergic-mediated slowing of heart rate. Mice were crossbred to express ChR2 in peripheral cholinergic neurons using Cre-Lox recombination driven by a choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) promoter. Hearts from adult mice were excised, perfused, and the epicardium was illuminated (peak 460–465 nm) to photoactivate ChR2. In one set of studies, hearts were illuminated using a large-field LED light source. In other studies, a micro LED was placed on the right atrium to selectively illuminate the junction of the superior vena cava (SVC) and right atrium. The ECG was acquired before, during, and after tissue illumination to measure changes in heart rate. Upon illumination, hearts exhibited sudden and dramatic reductions in heart rate with restoration of normal heart rate after cessation of illumination. Delays in atrioventricular conduction were also observed. Heart rate reductions at the highest irradiance levels were similar to heart rate reductions caused by application of bethanechol (10 μM) or acetylcholine (800 μM). Atropine (50 nM) completely blocked the effect of ChR2 photoactivation, confirming cholinergic mediation. Optogenetic activation of intrinsic parasympathetic neurons reduced heart rate in an immediate, dose-dependent fashion, resembling the slowing of sinus rate in response to acetylcholine. Our results demonstrate a new approach for controlling parasympathetic modulation of cardiac function by selectively activating the endogenous release of acetylcholine from intrinsic cardiac cholinergic neurons. Key Message: Optogenetic photoactivation of intrinsic cardiac neurons provides immediate, tissue-specific stimulation with minimal cross-reactivity. Our results demonstrate that selective expression of channelrhodopsin within cardiac cholinergic neurons enables photoactivated release of acetylcholine, thereby instantaneously slowing sinus rate and altering atrioventricular conduction. This provides for in-depth examination of the endogenous interplay between cardiac autonomic neurons and the functional outcomes of downstream post-synaptic receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Moreno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Kendal Endicott
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Matthew Skancke
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Mary Kate Dwyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jaclyn Brennan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Igor R Efimov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Gregory Trachiotis
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - David Mendelowitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Matthew W Kay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
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38
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Ripplinger CM. From drugs to devices and back again: chemical vagal nerve stimulation for the treatment of heart failure. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 113:1270-1272. [PMID: 28859301 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Crystal M Ripplinger
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California Davis, 2219A Tupper Hall, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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39
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Chang RB. Body thermal responses and the vagus nerve. Neurosci Lett 2019; 698:209-216. [PMID: 30634012 PMCID: PMC7061531 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While thermosensation from external environment has been extensively studied, physiological responses to temperature changes inside the body and the underlying regulatory mechanisms are less understood. As a critical link between body and brain that relays visceral organ information and regulates numerous physiological functions, the vagus nerve has been proposed to mediate diverse visceral thermal reflexes and indirectly regulate body temperature. However, the precise role of the vagus nerve in body thermal responses or visceral organ-related thermoregulation is still under debate due to extensive contradictory results. This data discrepancy is likely due to the high cell heterogeneity in the vagus nerve, as diverse vagal neuron types mediate numerous and sometimes opposite physiological functions. Here, we will review evidences that support and against the role of the vagus nerve in body thermosensation and thermoregulation and discuss potential future approaches for better understanding of this critical issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui B Chang
- Department of Neuroscience, Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, United States.
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40
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Gruson D. Oxytocin testing and reproductive health: Status and clinical applications. Clin Biochem 2018; 62:55-61. [PMID: 30392999 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2018.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OT) is a nonapeptide hormone mainly synthesized in the magnocellular neurons of the paraventricular and supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus. In the extra-hypothalamic brain areas, OT acts like neurotransmitters and modulators. The physiological functions of OT are multiple. OT participates to the coordination and control of gonadal development and reproduction. OT appears also as an important regulator of social behaviors such as affiliative, parental, and romantic behaviors. Recent evidence suggests other roles for OT such as potent effects on cardiometabolic functions or involvement in stress-related disorders. The growing interest around the clinical role of OT raised the question of the measurement of OT levels and performances of assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Gruson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Pôle de recherche en Endocrinologie, Diabète et Nutrition, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Cliniques Universitaires St-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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41
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Roy RK, Augustine RA, Brown CH, Schwenke DO. Activation of oxytocin neurons in the paraventricular nucleus drives cardiac sympathetic nerve activation following myocardial infarction in rats. Commun Biol 2018; 1:160. [PMID: 30320228 PMCID: PMC6172223 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-018-0169-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) initiates an increase in cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) that facilitates potentially fatal arrhythmias. The mechanism(s) underpinning sympathetic activation remain unclear. Some neuronal populations within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) have been implicated in SNA. This study elucidated the role of the PVN in triggering cardiac SNA following MI (left anterior descending coronary artery ligation). By means of c-Fos, oxytocin, and vasopressin immunohistochemistry accompanied by retrograde tracing we showed that MI activates parvocellular oxytocin neurons projecting to the rostral ventral lateral medulla. Central inhibition of oxytocin receptors using atosiban (4.5 µg in 5 µl, i.c.v.), or retosiban (3 mg/kg, i.v.), prevented the MI-induced increase in SNA and reduced the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias and mortality. In conclusion, pre-autonomic oxytocin neurons can drive the increase in cardiac SNA following MI and peripheral administration of an oxytocin receptor blocker could be a plausible therapeutic strategy to improve outcomes for MI patients. Roy et al. showed that activation of parvocellular pre-autonomic oxytocin neurons increased sympathetic nerve activity following myocardial infarction. This and other aberrant physiological changes induced by acute myocardial infarction were decreased by oxytocin receptor antagonists, hinting to their potential therapeutic role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan K Roy
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Rachael A Augustine
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.,Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Colin H Brown
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.,Brain Health Research Centre, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.,Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand
| | - Daryl O Schwenke
- Department of Physiology-HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand.
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Andrade DC, Arce-Alvarez A, Toledo C, Díaz HS, Lucero C, Quintanilla RA, Schultz HD, Marcus NJ, Amann M, Del Rio R. Revisiting the physiological effects of exercise training on autonomic regulation and chemoreflex control in heart failure: does ejection fraction matter? Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2017; 314:H464-H474. [PMID: 29167119 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00407.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a global public health problem that, independent of its etiology [reduced (HFrEF) or preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)], is characterized by functional impairments of cardiac function, chemoreflex hypersensitivity, baroreflex sensitivity (BRS) impairment, and abnormal autonomic regulation, all of which contribute to increased morbidity and mortality. Exercise training (ExT) has been identified as a nonpharmacological therapy capable of restoring normal autonomic function and improving survival in patients with HFrEF. Improvements in autonomic function after ExT are correlated with restoration of normal peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity and BRS in HFrEF. To date, few studies have addressed the effects of ExT on chemoreflex control, BRS, and cardiac autonomic control in HFpEF; however, there are some studies that have suggested that ExT has a beneficial effect on cardiac autonomic control. The beneficial effects of ExT on cardiac function and autonomic control in HF may have important implications for functional capacity in addition to their obvious importance to survival. Recent studies have suggested that the peripheral chemoreflex may also play an important role in attenuating exercise intolerance in HFrEF patients. The role of the central/peripheral chemoreflex, if any, in mediating exercise intolerance in HFpEF has not been investigated. The present review focuses on recent studies that address primary pathophysiological mechanisms of HF (HFrEF and HFpEF) and the potential avenues by which ExT exerts its beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Andrade
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,Centro de Investigación en Fisiología del Ejercicio, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alexis Arce-Alvarez
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Autónoma de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Camilo Toledo
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Autónoma de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Hugo S Díaz
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Autónoma de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Claudia Lucero
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica, Universidad Autónoma de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | | | - Harold D Schultz
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center , Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Noah J Marcus
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Des Moines University , Des Moines, Iowa
| | - Markus Amann
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah , Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Rodrigo Del Rio
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile.,Centro de Excelencia en Biomedicina de Magallanes, Universidad de Magallanes , Punta Arenas , Chile.,Centro de Envejecimiento y Regeneracion, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Activation of endogenous arginine vasopressin neurons inhibit food intake: by using a novel transgenic rat line with DREADDs system. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15728. [PMID: 29146932 PMCID: PMC5691068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16049-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Various studies contributed to discover novel mechanisms of central arginine vasopressin (AVP) system responsible for the behaviour albeit endogenous vasopressin activation. We established a novel transgenic rat line which expresses both human muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (hM3Dq), of which ligand is clozapine-N-oxide (CNO), and mCherry fluorescence specifically in AVP neurons. The mCherry neurons that indicate the expression of the hM3Dq gene were observed in the suprachiasmatic (SCN), supraoptic (SON), and paraventricular nuclei (PVN). hM3Dq-mCherry fluorescence was localized mainly in the membrane of the neurons. The mCherry neurons were co-localized with AVP-like immunoreactive (LI) neurons, but not with oxytocin-LI neurons. The induction of Fos, which is the indicator for neuronal activity, was observed in approximately 90% of the AVP-LI neurons in the SON and PVN 90 min after intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of CNO. Plasma AVP was significantly increased and food intake, water intake, and urine volume were significantly attenuated after i.p. administration of CNO. Although the detailed mechanism has unveiled, we demonstrated, for the first time, that activation of endogenous AVP neurons decreased food intake. This novel transgenic rat line may provide a revolutionary insight into the neuronal mechanism regarding central AVP system responsible for various kind of behaviours.
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Jain V, Marbach J, Kimbro S, Andrade DC, Jain A, Capozzi E, Mele K, Del Rio R, Kay MW, Mendelowitz D. Benefits of oxytocin administration in obstructive sleep apnea. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 313:L825-L833. [PMID: 28798255 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00206.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of oxytocin receptors has shown benefits in animal models of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We tested if nocturnal oxytocin administration could have beneficial effects in OSA patients. Eight patients diagnosed with OSA were administered intranasal oxytocin (40 IU). Changes in cardiorespiratory events during sleep, including apnea and hypopnea durations and frequency, risk of event-associated arousals, and heart rate variability, were assessed. Oxytocin significantly increased indexes of parasympathetic activity, including heart rate variability, total sleep time, and the postpolysommogram sleep assessment score, an index of self-reported sleep satisfaction. Although the apnea-hypopnea index was not significantly changed with oxytocin administration, when apnea and hypopnea events were compared independently, the frequency of hypopneas, but not apneas, was significantly (P ≤ 0.005) decreased with oxytocin treatment. Both apneas and hypopneas were significantly shortened in duration with oxytocin treatment. Oxytocin treatment significantly decreased the percent of apnea and hypopnea events that were accompanied with an arousal. Oxytocin administration has the potential to restore cardiorespiratory homeostasis and reduce some clinically important (objective and patient-reported) adverse events that occur with OSA. Additional studies are needed to further understand the mechanisms by which oxytocin promotes these changes in cardiorespiratory and autonomic function in OSA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Jain
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Joseph Marbach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Shawn Kimbro
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - David C Andrade
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; and
| | - Arad Jain
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Eleanor Capozzi
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Kyle Mele
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Rodrigo Del Rio
- Laboratory of Cardiorespiratory Control, Department of Physiology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; and
| | - Matthew W Kay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - David Mendelowitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
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