1
|
Chen P, Long J, Hua T, Zheng Z, Xiao Y, Chen L, Yu K, Wu W, Zhang S. Transcriptome and open chromatin analysis reveals the process of myocardial cell development and key pathogenic target proteins in Long QT syndrome type 7. J Transl Med 2024; 22:307. [PMID: 38528561 PMCID: PMC10964537 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05125-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Long QT syndrome type 7 (Andersen-Tawil syndrome, ATS), which is caused by KCNJ2 gene mutation, often leads to ventricular arrhythmia, periodic paralysis and skeletal malformations. The development, differentiation and electrophysiological maturation of cardiomyocytes (CMs) changes promote the pathophysiology of Long QT syndrome type 7(LQT7). We aimed to specifically reproduce the ATS disease phenotype and study the pathogenic mechanism. METHODS AND RESULTS We established a cardiac cell model derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to the phenotypes and electrophysiological function, and the establishment of a human myocardial cell model that specifically reproduces the symptoms of ATS provides a reliable platform for exploring the mechanism of this disease or potential drugs. The spontaneous pulsation rate of myocardial cells in the mutation group was significantly lower than that in the repair CRISPR group, the action potential duration was prolonged, and the Kir2.1 current of the inward rectifier potassium ion channel was decreased, which is consistent with the clinical symptoms of ATS patients. Only ZNF528, a chromatin-accessible TF related to pathogenicity, was continuously regulated beginning from the cardiac mesodermal precursor cell stage (day 4), and continued to be expressed at low levels, which was identified by WGCNA method and verified with ATAC-seq data in the mutation group. Subsequently, it indicated that seven pathways were downregulated (all p < 0.05) by used single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis to evaluate the overall regulation of potassium-related pathways enriched in the transcriptome and proteome of late mature CMs. Among them, the three pathways (GO: 0008076, GO: 1990573 and GO: 0030007) containing the mutated gene KCNJ2 is involved that are related to the whole process by which a potassium ion enters the cell via the inward rectifier potassium channel to exert its effect were inhibited. The other four pathways are related to regulation of the potassium transmembrane pathway and sodium:potassium exchange ATPase (p < 0.05). ZNF528 small interfering (si)-RNA was applied to hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes for CRISPR group to explore changes in potassium ion currents and growth and development related target protein levels that affect disease phenotype. Three consistently downregulated proteins (KCNJ2, CTTN and ATP1B1) associated with pathogenicity were verificated through correlation and intersection analysis. CONCLUSION This study uncovers TFs and target proteins related to electrophysiology and developmental pathogenicity in ATS myocardial cells, obtaining novel targets for potential therapeutic candidate development that does not rely on gene editing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Chen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Health Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Junyu Long
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tianrui Hua
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Zhifa Zheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Lianfeng Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Kang Yu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Health Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou Y, Wu Q, Guo Y. Deciphering the emerging landscape of HOX genes in cardiovascular biology, atherosclerosis and beyond (Review). Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:17. [PMID: 38131178 PMCID: PMC10781420 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a dominant driving force underlying multiple cardiovascular events, is an intertwined and chronic inflammatory disease characterized by lipid deposition in the arterial wall, which leads to diverse cardiovascular problems. Despite unprecedented advances in understanding the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and the substantial decline in cardiovascular mortality, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains a global public health issue. Understanding the molecular landscape of atherosclerosis is imperative in the field of molecular cardiology. Recently, compelling evidence has shown that an important family of homeobox (HOX) genes endows causality in orchestrating the interplay between various cardiovascular biological processes and atherosclerosis. Despite seemingly scratching the surface, such insight into the realization of biology promises to yield extraordinary breakthroughs in ameliorating atherosclerosis. Primarily recapitulated herein are the contributions of HOX in atherosclerosis, including diverse cardiovascular biology, knowledge gaps, remaining challenges and future directions. A snapshot of other cardiovascular biological processes was also provided, including cardiac/vascular development, cardiomyocyte pyroptosis/apoptosis, cardiac fibroblast proliferation and cardiac hypertrophy, which are responsible for cardiovascular disorders. Further in‑depth investigation of HOX promises to provide a potential yet challenging landscape, albeit largely undetermined to date, for partially pinpointing the molecular mechanisms of atherosclerosis. A plethora of new targeted therapies may ultimately emerge against atherosclerosis, which is rapidly underway. However, translational undertakings are crucially important but increasingly challenging and remain an ongoing and monumental conundrum in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- Medical College, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, P.R. China
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| | - Yingchu Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang H, Hu Z, Wang J, Xu J, Wang X, Zang G, Qiu J, Wang G. Shear stress regulation of nanoparticle uptake in vascular endothelial cells. Regen Biomater 2023; 10:rbad047. [PMID: 37351014 PMCID: PMC10281962 DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbad047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) hold tremendous targeting potential in cardiovascular disease and regenerative medicine, and exciting clinical applications are coming into light. Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) exposure to different magnitudes and patterns of shear stress (SS) generated by blood flow could engulf NPs in the blood. However, an unclear understanding of the role of SS on NP uptake is hindering the progress in improving the targeting of NP therapies. Here, the temporal and spatial distribution of SS in vascular ECs and the effect of different SS on NP uptake in ECs are highlighted. The mechanism of SS affecting NP uptake through regulating the cellular ROS level, endothelial glycocalyx and membrane fluidity is summarized, and the molecules containing clathrin and caveolin in the engulfment process are elucidated. SS targeting NPs are expected to overcome the current bottlenecks and change the field of targeting nanomedicine. This assessment on how SS affects the cell uptake of NPs and the marginalization of NPs in blood vessels could guide future research in cell biology and vascular targeting drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongping Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Ziqiu Hu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Jinxuan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Jianxiong Xu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Xiangxiu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Guangchao Zang
- Lab Teaching & Management Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Juhui Qiu
- Correspondence address: E-mail: (G.W.); (J.Q.)
| | - Guixue Wang
- Correspondence address: E-mail: (G.W.); (J.Q.)
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ye D, Liu Y, Pan H, Feng Y, Lu X, Gan L, Wan J, Ye J. Insights into bone morphogenetic proteins in cardiovascular diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1125642. [PMID: 36909186 PMCID: PMC9996008 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1125642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are secretory proteins belonging to the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily. These proteins play important roles in embryogenesis, bone morphogenesis, blood vessel remodeling and the development of various organs. In recent years, as research has progressed, BMPs have been found to be closely related to cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerosis, vascular calcification, cardiac remodeling, pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). In this review, we summarized the potential roles and related mechanisms of the BMP family in the cardiovascular system and focused on atherosclerosis and PAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yinghui Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Heng Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yongqi Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiyi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liren Gan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Ye
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
He L, Zhang CL, Chen Q, Wang L, Huang Y. Endothelial shear stress signal transduction and atherogenesis: From mechanisms to therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 235:108152. [PMID: 35122834 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerotic vascular disease and its complications are among the top causes of mortality worldwide. In the vascular lumen, atherosclerotic plaques are not randomly distributed. Instead, they are preferentially localized at the curvature and bifurcations along the arterial tree, where shear stress is low or disturbed. Numerous studies demonstrate that endothelial cell phenotypic change (e.g., inflammation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, autophagy, endothelial-mesenchymal transition, endothelial permeability, epigenetic regulation, and endothelial metabolic adaptation) induced by oscillatory shear force play a fundamental role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. Mechano-sensors, adaptor proteins, kinases, and transcriptional factors work closely at different layers to transduce the shear stress force from the plasma membrane to the nucleus in endothelial cells, thereby controlling the expression of genes that determine cell fate and phenotype. An in-depth understanding of these mechano-sensitive signaling cascades shall provide new translational strategies for therapeutic intervention of atherosclerotic vascular disease. This review updates the recent advances in endothelial mechano-transduction and its role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and highlights the perspective of new anti-atherosclerosis therapies through targeting these mechano-regulated signaling molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen 518060, China; Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to endothelial dysfunction in angiotensin II-induced hypertension in mice. Microvasc Res 2022; 143:104384. [PMID: 35618036 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2022.104384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Inflammation is a key feature of endothelial dysfunction induced by angiotensin (Ang) II. The purpose of this study was to explore the role of Nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in endothelial dysfunction in Ang II-induced hypertension. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed blood pressure and vascular function of wild-type (WT) and Nlrp3 knockout (Nlrp3-/-) mice, treated with Ang II. In vitro, we mainly tested the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation expression of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). KEY FINDINGS Here we showed that 14-day Ang II infusion into mice resulted in the elevation of blood pressure, NLRP3 expression, serum interleukin (IL)-1β level, and the decline of endothelium-dependent relaxation function, p-eNOS-Ser1177 expression in aortas. Nlrp3 deficiency reduced Ang II-induced blood pressure elevation and endothelial dysfunction. In vitro, NLRP3 was involved in the effect of Ang II on reducing p-eNOS-Ser1177 expression. Moreover, the direct effect of IL-1β on vascular endothelial injury could be observed in both vivo and vitro. SIGNIFICANCE Our result demonstrates that the NLRP3 inflammasome is critically involved in the detrimental effects of Ang II on vascular endothelium in hypertension via the activation of IL-1β, placing NLRP3 as a potential target for therapeutic interventions in conditions with endothelial dysfunction in hypertension.
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu J, Wu Y, Sun H, Liu X, Gu X, Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Han J, He Y. Placental DNA Methylation Abnormalities in Prenatal Conotruncal Heart Defects. Front Genet 2022; 13:878063. [PMID: 35646082 PMCID: PMC9139681 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.878063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to characterize the abnormal changes in placental DNA methylation associated with conotruncal heart defects (CTDs) and the level of methylation as epigenetic biomarkers for CTDs detection. Methods: This was a prospective study involving 28 fetuses diagnosed with CTDs in the second trimester at Beijing Anzhen Hospital between September 2020 and June 2021. These cases were classified into four groups based on their subtypes. 12 normal fetuses were used as controls. Placental tissue was obtained after inducing labor in fetuses. To identify differential methylation sites (DMSs) and regions (DMRs) in cases vs. controls, an Infinium Human Methylation 850 k bead chip was used. Differential methylation was assessed by comparing the β-values for individual CpG loci. Based on the p-value (<0.05), the most discriminating CpG sites were identified. The area under the receiver-operating-characteristics curve (AUC) was used to determine the predictive accuracy of CpG loci with significant methylation changes for CTDs. The function of genes was assessed through KEGG enrichment analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, and KEGG pathway analysis. Results: In comparison to the control group, the DNA methylation of the placental tissue is significantly different in fetuses with CTDs. We identified the most significantly different methylated loci and they demonstrated excellent individual predictive accuracy for CTDs detection with AUC >0.9 in cases compared with controls. HOXD9, CNN1, NOTCH1, and ECE1 were identified as CTDs-detection candidate genes. Conclusion Our study established the abnormal changes in placental methylation associated with CTDs and potential epigenetic biomarkers for CTDs detection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Echocardiography Medical Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Center in Fetal Heart Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuduo Wu
- Echocardiography Medical Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Center in Fetal Heart Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hairui Sun
- Echocardiography Medical Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Center in Fetal Heart Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Echocardiography Medical Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Center in Fetal Heart Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Gu
- Echocardiography Medical Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Center in Fetal Heart Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Echocardiography Medical Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Center in Fetal Heart Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Echocardiography Medical Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Center in Fetal Heart Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiancheng Han
- Echocardiography Medical Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Center in Fetal Heart Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yihua He
- Echocardiography Medical Center, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Maternal-Fetal Medicine Center in Fetal Heart Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Weinberg PD. Haemodynamic Wall Shear Stress, Endothelial Permeability and Atherosclerosis-A Triad of Controversy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:836680. [PMID: 35340842 PMCID: PMC8948426 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.836680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A striking feature of atherosclerosis is its patchy distribution within the vascular system; certain arteries and certain locations within each artery are preferentially affected. Identifying the local risk factors underlying this phenomenon may lead to new therapeutic strategies. The large variation in lesion prevalence in areas of curvature and branching has motivated a search for haemodynamic triggers, particular those related to wall shear stress (WSS). The fact that lesions are rich in blood-derived lipids has motivated studies of local endothelial permeability. However, the location of lesions, the underlying haemodynamic triggers, the role of permeability, the routes by which lipids cross the endothelium, and the mechanisms by which WSS affects permeability have all been areas of controversy. This review presents evidence for and against the current consensus that lesions are triggered by low and/or oscillatory WSS and that this type of shear profile leads to elevated entry of low density lipoprotein (LDL) into the wall via widened intercellular junctions; it also evaluates more recent evidence that lesion location changes with age, that multidirectional shear stress plays a key role, that LDL dominantly crosses the endothelium by transcytosis, and that the link between flow and permeability results from hitherto unrecognised shear-sensitive mediators.
Collapse
|
9
|
Miyachi K, Murakami Y, Inoue Y, Yoshioka H, Hirose O, Yamada T, Hasegawa S, Arima M, Iwata Y, Sugiura K, Akamatsu H. UVA causes dysfunction of ETBR and BMPR2 in vascular endothelial cells, resulting in structural abnormalities of the skin capillaries. J Dermatol Sci 2022; 105:121-129. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
10
|
Zeng Y, Du X, Yao X, Qiu Y, Jiang W, Shen J, Li L, Liu X. Mechanism of cell death of endothelial cells regulated by mechanical forces. J Biomech 2021; 131:110917. [PMID: 34952348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Cell death of endothelial cells (ECs) is a common devastating consequence of various vascular-related diseases. Atherosclerosis, hypertension, sepsis, diabetes, cerebral ischemia and cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury, and chronic kidney disease remain major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide, in which ECs are constantly subjected to a great amount of dynamic changed mechanical forces including shear stress, extracellular matrix stiffness, mechanical stretch and microgravity. A thorough understanding of the regulatory mechanisms by which the mechanical forces controlled the cell deaths including apoptosis, autophagy, and pyroptosis is crucial for the development of new therapeutic strategies. In the present review, experimental and clinical data highlight that nutrient depletion, oxidative stress, tumor necrosis factor-α, high glucose, lipopolysaccharide, and homocysteine possess cytotoxic effects in many tissues and induce apoptosis of ECs, and that sphingosine-1-phosphate protects ECs. Nevertheless, EC apoptosis in the context of those artificial microenvironments could be enhanced, reduced or even reversed along with the alteration of patterns of shear stress. An appropriate level of autophagy diminishes EC apoptosis to some extent, in addition to supporting cell survival upon microenvironment challenges. The intervention of pyroptosis showed a profound effect on atherosclerosis. Further cell and animal studies are required to ascertain whether the alterations in the levels of cell deaths and their associated regulatory mechanisms happen at local lesion sites with considerable mechanical force changes, for preventing senescence and cell deaths in the vascular-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ye Zeng
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Du
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xinghong Yao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Wenli Jiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Junyi Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiaoheng Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ghim M, Pang KT, Burnap SA, Baig F, Yin X, Arshad M, Mayr M, Weinberg PD. Endothelial cells exposed to atheroprotective flow secrete follistatin-like 1 protein which reduces transcytosis and inflammation. Atherosclerosis 2021; 333:56-66. [PMID: 34425528 PMCID: PMC8459397 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS When endothelium is cultured in wells swirled on an orbital shaker, cells at the well centre experience putatively atherogenic flow whereas those near the edge experience putatively atheroprotective flow. Transcellular transport is decreased equally in both regions, consistent with it being reduced by a mediator released from cells in one part of the well and mixed in the swirling medium. Similar effects have been inferred for pro-inflammatory changes. Here we identify the mediator and flow characteristics stimulating its release. METHODS AND RESULTS Medium conditioned by cells swirled at the edge, but not by cells swirled at the centre or cultured under static conditions, significantly reduced transendothelial transport of a low density lipoprotein (LDL)-sized tracer and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)-induced activation and translocation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), adhesion molecule expression and monocyte adhesion. Inhibiting transcytosis similarly decreased tracer transport. Unbiased proteomics revealed that cells from the swirled edge secreted substantially more follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) than cells from the swirled centre or from static wells. Exogenous FSTL1 reduced transport of the LDL-sized tracer and of LDL itself, as well as TNF-α-induced adhesion molecule expression. Bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) increased transport of the LDL-sized tracer and adhesion molecule expression; FSTL1 abolished these effects. CONCLUSIONS Putatively atheroprotective flow stimulates secretion of FSTL1 by cultured endothelial cells. FSTL1 reduces transcellular transport of LDL-sized particles and of LDL itself, and inhibits endothelial activation. If this also occurs in vivo, it may account for the atheroprotective nature of such flow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mean Ghim
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Kuin T Pang
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sean A Burnap
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Ferheen Baig
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Xiaoke Yin
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Mehwish Arshad
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Manuel Mayr
- King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, London, UK
| | - Peter D Weinberg
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jing Y, Gao B, Han Z, Xin S. HOXA5 induces M2 macrophage polarization to attenuate carotid atherosclerosis by activating MED1. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:1142-1152. [PMID: 34117711 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage polarization is of great importance in the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. Homeobox A5 (HOXA5), one of the homeobox transcription factors, has been revealed to be closely associated with macrophage phenotype switching. This study aims to investigate the role of HOXA5 in carotid atherosclerosis (CAS). Herein, the role of HOXA5 was explored in polarized RAW264.7 macrophages in vitro and ApoE-/- mice in vivo. Interestingly, compared with that in M0 macrophages, both the mRNA and protein expression levels of HOXA5 were decreased in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/interferon (IFN)-γ-induced M1 macrophages, while increased in IL-4-induced M2 macrophages. In addition, in the presence of IL-4, HOXA5-overexpressing RAW264.7 cells preferred to polarizing toward M2 phenotypes. Furthermore, we found that HOXA5 bound to the promoter region and activated the expression of mediator subunit 1 (MED1), a gene known to regulate macrophage differentiation. Knocking MED1 down inhibited HOXA5-enhanced M2 macrophage polarization. In vivo, the CAS model was induced in ApoE-/- mouse fed with a Western-type diet and placed a perivascular carotid collar. Decreased mRNA and protein expressions of HOXA5 were observed in carotid arteries of CAS mice. Forced overexpression of HOXA5 reduced intimal hyperplasia and lipid accumulation in carotid vessels, and it also promoted the polarization of macrophages to M2 subtypes. The expression of MED1 was decreased in atherosclerotic carotid vessels, while HOXA5 overexpression restored its change. Collectively, HOXA5 in carotid arteries is involved in the macrophage M1/M2 switching in atherosclerotic plaque, which may be associated with its transcriptional regulation of MED1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuchen Jing
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bai Gao
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhiyang Han
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shijie Xin
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Guebel DV, Torres NV, Acebes Á. Mapping the transcriptomic changes of endothelial compartment in human hippocampus across aging and mild cognitive impairment. Biol Open 2021; 10:bio057950. [PMID: 34184731 PMCID: PMC8181899 DOI: 10.1242/bio.057950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Compromise of the vascular system has important consequences on cognitive abilities and neurodegeneration. The identification of the main molecular signatures present in the blood vessels of human hippocampus could provide the basis to understand and tackle these pathologies. As direct vascular experimentation in hippocampus is problematic, we achieved this information by computationally disaggregating publicly available whole microarrays data of human hippocampal homogenates. Three conditions were analyzed: 'Young Adults', 'Aged', and 'aged with Mild Cognitive Impairment' (MCI). The genes identified were contrasted against two independent data-sets. Here we show that the endothelial cells from the Younger Group appeared in an 'activated stage'. In turn, in the Aged Group, the endothelial cells showed a significant loss of response to shear stress, changes in cell adhesion molecules, increased inflammation, brain-insulin resistance, lipidic alterations, and changes in the extracellular matrix. Some specific changes in the MCI group were also detected. Noticeably, in this study the features arisen from the Aged Group (high tortuosity, increased bifurcations, and smooth muscle proliferation), pose the need for further experimental verification to discern between the occurrence of arteriogenesis and/or vascular remodeling by capillary arterialization. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel V. Guebel
- Program Agustín de Betancourt, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife 38200, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife 38200, Spain
| | - Néstor V. Torres
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular Biology and Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, Universidad de La Laguna, Tenerife 38200, Spain
| | - Ángel Acebes
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Technologies, University of La Laguna, Tenerife 38200, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bon-Baret V, Chignon A, Boulanger MC, Li Z, Argaud D, Arsenault BJ, Thériault S, Bossé Y, Mathieu P. System Genetics Including Causal Inference Identify Immune Targets for Coronary Artery Disease and the Lifespan. CIRCULATION. GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2021; 14:e003196. [PMID: 33625251 PMCID: PMC8284374 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.120.003196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Randomized clinical trials indicate that the immune response plays a significant role in coronary artery disease (CAD), a disorder impacting the lifespan potential. However, the identification of targets critical to the immune response in atheroma is still hampered by a lack of solid inference. METHODS Herein, we implemented a system genetics approach to identify causally associated immune targets implicated in atheroma. We leveraged genome-wide association studies to perform mapping and Mendelian randomization to assess causal associations between gene expression in blood cells with CAD and the lifespan. Expressed genes (eGenes) were prioritized in network and in single-cell expression derived from plaque immune cells. RESULTS Among 840 CAD-associated blood eGenes, 37 were predicted causally associated with CAD and 6 were also associated with the parental lifespan in Mendelian randomization. In multivariable Mendelian randomization, the impact of eGenes on the lifespan potential was mediated by the CAD risk. Predicted causal eGenes were central in network. FLT1 and CCR5 were identified as targets of approved drugs, whereas 22 eGenes were deemed tractable for the development of small molecules and antibodies. Analyses of plaque immune single-cell expression identified predicted causal eGenes enriched in macrophages (GPX1, C4orf3) and involved in ligand-receptor interactions (CCR5). CONCLUSIONS We identified 37 blood eGenes predicted causally associated with CAD. The predicted expression for 6 eGenes impacted the lifespan potential through the risk of CAD. Prioritization based on network, annotations, and single-cell expression identified targets deemed tractable for the development of drugs and for drug repurposing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Bon-Baret
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery (V.B.-B., A.C., M.-C.B., Z.L., D.A., P.M.), Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Arnaud Chignon
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery (V.B.-B., A.C., M.-C.B., Z.L., D.A., P.M.), Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Chloé Boulanger
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery (V.B.-B., A.C., M.-C.B., Z.L., D.A., P.M.), Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zhonglin Li
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery (V.B.-B., A.C., M.-C.B., Z.L., D.A., P.M.), Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Deborah Argaud
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery (V.B.-B., A.C., M.-C.B., Z.L., D.A., P.M.), Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Sébastien Thériault
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology (S.T.), Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Department of Molecular Medicine (Y.B.), Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Patrick Mathieu
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pathobiology, Quebec Heart and Lung Institute/Research Center, Department of Surgery (V.B.-B., A.C., M.-C.B., Z.L., D.A., P.M.), Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Silvani G, Romanov V, Cox CD, Martinac B. Biomechanical Characterization of Endothelial Cells Exposed to Shear Stress Using Acoustic Force Spectroscopy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:612151. [PMID: 33614612 PMCID: PMC7891662 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.612151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterizing mechanical properties of cells is important for understanding many cellular processes, such as cell movement, shape, and growth, as well as adaptation to changing environments. In this study, we explore the mechanical properties of endothelial cells that form the biological barrier lining blood vessels, whose dysfunction leads to development of many cardiovascular disorders. Stiffness of living endothelial cells was determined by Acoustic Force Spectroscopy (AFS), by pull parallel multiple functionalized microspheres located at the cell-cell periphery. The unique configuration of the acoustic microfluidic channel allowed us to develop a long-term dynamic culture protocol exposing cells to laminar flow for up to 48 h, with shear stresses in the physiological range (i.e., 6 dyn/cm2). Two different Endothelial cells lines, Human Aortic Endothelial Cells (HAECs) and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs), were investigated to show the potential of this tool to capture the change in cellular mechanical properties during maturation of a confluent endothelial monolayer. Immunofluorescence microscopy was exploited to follow actin filament rearrangement and junction formation over time. For both cell types we found that the application of shear-stress promotes the typical phenotype of a mature endothelium expressing a linear pattern of VE-cadherin at the cell-cell border and actin filament rearrangement along the perimeter of Endothelial cells. A staircase-like sequence of increasing force steps, ranging from 186 pN to 3.5 nN, was then applied in a single measurement revealing the force-dependent apparent stiffness of the membrane cortex in the kPa range. We also found that beads attached to cells cultured under dynamic conditions were harder to displace than cells cultured under static conditions, showing a stiffer membrane cortex at cell periphery. All together these results demonstrate that the AFS can identify changes in cell mechanics based on force measurements of adherent cells under conditions mimicking their native microenvironment, thus revealing the shear stress dependence of the mechanical properties of neighboring endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Silvani
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Charles D. Cox
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Boris Martinac
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Use of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) as a Model to Study Cardiovascular Disease: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10030938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide, and extensive research has been performed to understand this disease better, using various experimental models. The endothelium plays a crucial role in the development of CVD, since it is an interface between bloodstream components, such as monocytes and platelets, and other arterial wall components. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) isolation from umbilical cord was first described in 1973. To date, this model is still widely used because of the high HUVEC isolation success rate, and because HUVEC are an excellent model to study a broad array of diseases, including cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. We here review the history of HUVEC isolation, the HUVEC model over time, HUVEC culture characteristics and conditions, advantages and disadvantages of this model and finally, its applications in the area of cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
|