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Zeinali S, Sutton K, Zefreh MG, Mabbott N, Vervelde L. Discrimination of distinct chicken M cell subsets based on CSF1R expression. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8795. [PMID: 38627516 PMCID: PMC11021470 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59368-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In mammals, a subset of follicle-associated epithelial (FAE) cells, known as M cells, conduct the transcytosis of antigens across the epithelium into the underlying lymphoid tissues. We previously revealed that M cells in the FAE of the chicken lung, bursa of Fabricius (bursa), and caecum based on the expression of CSF1R. Here, we applied RNA-seq analysis on highly enriched CSF1R-expressing bursal M cells to investigate their transcriptome and identify novel chicken M cell-associated genes. Our data show that, like mammalian M cells, those in the FAE of the chicken bursa also express SOX8, MARCKSL1, TNFAIP2 and PRNP. Immunohistochemical analysis also confirmed the expression of SOX8 in CSF1R-expressing cells in the lung, bursa, and caecum. However, we found that many other mammalian M cell-associated genes such as SPIB and GP2 were not expressed by chicken M cells or represented in the chicken genome. Instead, we show bursal M cells express high levels of related genes such as SPI1. Whereas our data show that bursal M cells expressed CSF1R-highly, the M cells in the small intestine lacked CSF1R and both expressed SOX8. This study offers insights into the transcriptome of chicken M cells, revealing the expression of CSF1R in M cells is tissue-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safieh Zeinali
- Division of Immunology, The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Kate Sutton
- Division of Immunology, The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK.
| | - Masoud Ghaderi Zefreh
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Neil Mabbott
- Division of Immunology, The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Lonneke Vervelde
- Division of Immunology, The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH25 9RG, UK.
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2
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Luna Velez M, Neikes HK, Snabel RR, Quint Y, Qian C, Martens A, Veenstra G, Freeman MR, van Heeringen S, Vermeulen M. ONECUT2 regulates RANKL-dependent enterocyte and microfold cell differentiation in the small intestine; a multi-omics study. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:1277-1296. [PMID: 36625255 PMCID: PMC9943655 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac1236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Microfold (M) cells reside in the intestinal epithelium of Peyer's patches (PP). Their unique ability to take up and transport antigens from the intestinal lumen to the underlying lymphoid tissue is key in the regulation of the gut-associated immune response. Here, we applied a multi-omics approach to investigate the molecular mechanisms that drive M cell differentiation in mouse small intestinal organoids. We generated a comprehensive profile of chromatin accessibility changes and transcription factor dynamics during in vitro M cell differentiation, allowing us to uncover numerous cell type-specific regulatory elements and associated transcription factors. By using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified an enterocyte and M cell precursor population. We used our newly developed computational tool SCEPIA to link precursor cell-specific gene expression to transcription factor motif activity in cis-regulatory elements, uncovering high expression of and motif activity for the transcription factor ONECUT2. Subsequent in vitro and in vivo perturbation experiments revealed that ONECUT2 acts downstream of the RANK/RANKL signalling axis to support enterocyte differentiation, thereby restricting M cell lineage specification. This study sheds new light on the mechanism regulating cell fate balance in the PP, and it provides a powerful blueprint for investigation of cell fate switches in the intestinal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Luna Velez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Hannah K Neikes
- Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca R Snabel
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Yarah Quint
- Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Chen Qian
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cancer Biology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Aniek Martens
- Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Jan C Veenstra
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Michael R Freeman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Cancer Biology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Simon J van Heeringen
- Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Faculty of Science, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Oncode Institute, Nijmegen 6525 AJ, The Netherlands
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3
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Donaldson DS, Shih BB, Mabbott NA. Aging-Related Impairments to M Cells in Peyer's Patches Coincide With Disturbances to Paneth Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:761949. [PMID: 34938288 PMCID: PMC8687451 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.761949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The decline in mucosal immunity during aging increases susceptibility, morbidity and mortality to infections acquired via the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts in the elderly. We previously showed that this immunosenescence includes a reduction in the functional maturation of M cells in the follicle-associated epithelia (FAE) covering the Peyer’s patches, diminishing the ability to sample of antigens and pathogens from the gut lumen. Here, co-expression analysis of mRNA-seq data sets revealed a general down-regulation of most FAE- and M cell-related genes in Peyer’s patches from aged mice, including key transcription factors known to be essential for M cell differentiation. Conversely, expression of ACE2, the cellular receptor for SARS-Cov-2 virus, was increased in the aged FAE. This raises the possibility that the susceptibility of aged Peyer’s patches to infection with the SARS-Cov-2 virus is increased. Expression of key Paneth cell-related genes was also reduced in the ileum of aged mice, consistent with the adverse effects of aging on their function. However, the increased expression of these genes in the villous epithelium of aged mice suggested a disturbed distribution of Paneth cells in the aged intestine. Aging effects on Paneth cells negatively impact on the regenerative ability of the gut epithelium and could indirectly impede M cell differentiation. Thus, restoring Paneth cell function may represent a novel means to improve M cell differentiation in the aging intestine and increase mucosal vaccination efficacy in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Donaldson
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara B Shih
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
| | - Neil A Mabbott
- The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
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4
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Phillips CL, Welch BA, Garrett MR, Grayson BE. Regional heterogeneity in rat Peyer's patches through whole transcriptome analysis. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:513-522. [PMID: 33236653 PMCID: PMC7934146 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220973014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Peyer's patches are gut-associated lymphoid tissue located throughout the intestinal wall. Peyer's patches consist of highly organized ovoid-shaped follicles, classified as non-encapsulated lymphatic tissues, populated with B cells, T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells and function as an organism's intestinal surveillance. Limited work compares the gene profiles of Peyer's patches derived from different intestinal regions. In the current study, we first performed whole transcriptome analysis using RNAseq to compare duodenal and ileal Peyer's patches obtained from the small intestine of Long Evans rats. Of the 12,300 genes that were highly expressed, 18.5% were significantly different between the duodenum and ileum. Using samples obtained from additional subjects (n = 10), we validated the novel gene expression patterns in Peyer's patches obtained from the three regions of the small intestine. Rats had a significantly reduced number of Peyer's patches in the duodenum in comparison to either the jejunum or ileum. Regional differences in structural, metabolic, and immune-related genes were validated. Genes such as alcohol dehydrogenase 1, gap junction protein beta 2, and serine peptidase inhibitor clade b, member 1a were significantly reduced in the ileum in comparison to other regions. On the other hand, genes such as complement C3d receptor type, lymphocyte cytosolic protein 1, and lysozyme C2 precursor were significantly lower in the duodenum. In summary, the gene expression pattern of Peyer's patches is influenced by intestinal location and may contribute to its role in that segment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L Phillips
- Program in Pathology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Bradley A Welch
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Michael R Garrett
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
| | - Bernadette E Grayson
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA
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5
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E GX, Zhou DK, Zheng ZQ, Yang BG, Li XL, Li LH, Zhou RY, Nai WH, Jiang XP, Zhang JH, Hong QH, Ma YH, Chu MX, Gao HJ, Zhao YJ, Duan XH, He YM, Na RS, Han YG, Zeng Y, Jiang Y, Huang YF. Identification of a Goat Intersexuality-Associated Novel Variant Through Genome-Wide Resequencing and Hi-C. Front Genet 2021; 11:616743. [PMID: 33633772 PMCID: PMC7901718 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.616743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Polled intersex syndrome (PIS) leads to reproductive disorders in goats and exerts a heavy influence on goat breeding. Since 2001, the core variant of an 11.7 kb deletion at ~129 Mb on chromosome 1 (CHI1) has been widely used as a genetic diagnostic criterion. In 2020, a ~0.48 Mb insertion within the PIS deletion was identified by sequencing in XX intersex goats. However, the suitability of this variation for the diagnosis of intersex goats worldwide and its further molecular genetic mechanism need to be clarified. Results: The whole-genome selective sweep of intersex goats from China was performed with whole-genome next-generation sequencing technology for large sample populations and a case–control study on interbreeds. A series of candidate genes related to the goat intersexuality phenotype were found. We further confirmed that a ~0.48 Mb duplicated fragment (including ERG and KCNJ15) downstream of the ~20 Mb PIS region was reversely inserted into the PIS locus in intersex Chinese goats and was consistent with that in European Saanen and Valais black-necked goats. High-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) technology was then used to compare the 3D structures of the PIS variant neighborhood in CHI1 between intersex and non-intersex goats. A newly found structure was validated as an intrachromosomal rearrangement. This inserted duplication changed the original spatial structure of goat CHI1 and caused the appearance of several specific loop structures in the adjacent ~20 kb downstream region of FOXL2. Conclusions: Results suggested that the novel complex PIS variant genome was sufficient as a broad-spectrum clinical diagnostic marker of XX intersexuality in goats from Europe and China. A series of private dense loop structures caused by segment insertion into the PIS deletion might affect the expression of FOXL2 or other neighboring novel candidate genes. However, these structures require further in-depth molecular biological experimental verification. In general, this study provided new insights for future research on the molecular genetic mechanism underlying female-to-male sex reversal in goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Xin E
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong-Ke Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhu-Qing Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Bai-Gao Yang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiang-Long Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology, Qinghuangdao, China
| | - Lan-Hui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
| | - Rong-Yan Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China
| | - Wen-Hui Nai
- Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Xun-Ping Jiang
- Key Lab of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jia-Hua Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiong-Hua Hong
- Department of Herbivore Science, Yunnan Animal Science and Veterinary Institute, Kunming, China
| | - Yue-Hui Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Xing Chu
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Jiang Gao
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Ju Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xing-Hai Duan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong-Meng He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ri-Su Na
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan-Guo Han
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yong-Fu Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Isayama T, Etoh H, Kishimoto N, Takasaki T, Kuratani A, Ikuta T, Tatefuji T, Takamune N, Muneoka A, Takahashi Y, Misumi S. 10-Hydroxydecanoic Acid Potentially Elicits Antigen-Specific IgA Responses. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:1202-1209. [PMID: 32741940 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effective antigen (Ag) uptake by microfold cells (M-cells) is important for the induction of an efficient mucosal immune responses. Here, we show that 10-hydroxydecanoic acid (10-HDAA) from royal jelly (RJ) potentially supports M-cell differentiation and induces effective antigen-specific mucosal immune responses in cynomolgus macaques. 10-HDAA increases the expression level of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) (RANK) in Caco-2 cells, which suggests that 10-HDAA potentially prompts the differentiation of Caco-2 cells into M-cells and increased transcytosis efficiency. This idea is supported by the following observations. Intranasal administration of 10-HDAA increased the number of M-cells in the epithelium overlying nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) in macaques. Oral administration of 10-HDAA increased the number of M-cells in the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) covering Peyer's patches (PPs) and significantly increased the antigen-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) level in macaques. These findings suggest that the exogenous honeybee-derived medium-chain fatty acid 10-HDAA may effectively enhance antigen-specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Isayama
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Hikaru Etoh
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Naoki Kishimoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Toshimasa Takasaki
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Ayumi Kuratani
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Tomoki Ikuta
- Institute for Bee Products and Health Science, Yamada Bee Company, Inc
| | - Tomoki Tatefuji
- Institute for Bee Products and Health Science, Yamada Bee Company, Inc
| | - Nobutoki Takamune
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | | | | | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
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7
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Kanaya T, Williams IR, Ohno H. Intestinal M cells: Tireless samplers of enteric microbiota. Traffic 2019; 21:34-44. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Kanaya
- Department of PathologyEmory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia
| | - Ifor R. Williams
- Laboratory for Intestinal EcosystemRIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences Yokohama Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ohno
- Department of PathologyEmory University School of Medicine Atlanta Georgia
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van Dam PA, Verhoeven Y, Jacobs J, Wouters A, Tjalma W, Lardon F, Van den Wyngaert T, Dewulf J, Smits E, Colpaert C, Prenen H, Peeters M, Lammens M, Trinh XB. RANK-RANKL Signaling in Cancer of the Uterine Cervix: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2183. [PMID: 31052546 PMCID: PMC6540175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
RANK ligand (RANKL) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor alpha superfamily of cytokines. It is the only known ligand binding to a membrane receptor named receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B (RANK), thereby triggering recruitment of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor associated factor (TRAF) adaptor proteins and activation of downstream pathways. RANK/RANKL signaling is controlled by a decoy receptor called osteoprotegerin (OPG), but also has additional more complex levels of regulation. The existing literature on RANK/RANKL signaling in cervical cancer was reviewed, particularly focusing on the effects on the microenvironment. RANKL and RANK are frequently co-expressed in cervical cancer cells lines and in carcinoma of the uterine cervix. RANKL and OPG expression strongly increases during cervical cancer progression. RANKL is directly secreted by cervical cancer cells, which may be a mechanism they use to create an immune suppressive environment. RANKL induces expression of multiple activating cytokines by dendritic cells. High RANK mRNA levels and high immunohistochemical OPG expression are significantly correlated with high clinical stage, tumor grade, presence of lymph node metastases, and poor overall survival. Inhibition of RANKL signaling has a direct effect on tumor cell proliferation and behavior, but also alters the microenvironment. Abundant circumstantial evidence suggests that RANKL inhibition may (partially) reverse an immunosuppressive status. The use of denosumab, a monoclonal antibody directed to RANKL, as an immunomodulatory strategy is an attractive concept which should be further explored in combination with immune therapy in patients with cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A van Dam
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Yannick Verhoeven
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Julie Jacobs
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - An Wouters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Wiebren Tjalma
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Filip Lardon
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Tim Van den Wyngaert
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Jonatan Dewulf
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Evelien Smits
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Cécile Colpaert
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Department of Histopathology, Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Department of Histopathology, Gasthuiszusters Antwerpen (GZA) Hospitals, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Hans Prenen
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Marc Peeters
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Martin Lammens
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Department of Histopathology, Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Xuan Bich Trinh
- Multidisciplinary Oncologic Center Antwerp (MOCA), Antwerp University Hospital, B2650 Edegem, Belgium.
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), University of Antwerp, B2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
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9
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Saxena VK, Diaz A, Scheerlinck JPY. Identification and characterization of an M cell marker in nasopharynx- and oropharynx-associated lymphoid tissue of sheep. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 208:1-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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10
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Lu Q, Gong W, Wang J, Ji K, Sun X, Xu C, Du L, Wang Y, Liu Q. Analysis of changes to lncRNAs and their target mRNAs in murine jejunum after radiation treatment. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:6357-6367. [PMID: 30324649 PMCID: PMC6237565 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
LncRNAs have been reported to play an important role in various diseases. However, their role in the radiation‐induced intestinal injury is unknown. The goal of the present study was to analyse the potential mechanistic role of lncRNAs in the radiation‐induced intestinal injury. Mice were divided into two groups: Control (non‐irradiated) and irradiated. Irradiated mice were administered 14 Gy of abdominal irradiation (ABI) and were assessed 3.5 days after irradiation. Changes to the jejuna of ABI mice were analysed using RNA‐Seq for alterations to both lncRNA and mRNA. These results were validated using qRT‐PCR. LncRNAs targets were predicted based on analysis of lncRNAs‐miRNAs‐mRNAs interaction. 29 007 lncRNAs and 17 142 mRNAs were detected in the two groups. At 3.5 days post‐irradiation, 91 lncRNAs and 57 lncRNAs were significantly up‐ and downregulated respectively. Similarly, 752 mRNAs and 400 mRNAs were significantly up‐ and downregulated respectively. qRT‐PCR was used to verify the altered expression of four lncRNAs (ENSMUST00000173070, AK157361, AK083183, AK038898) and four mRNAs (Mboat1, Nek10, Ccl24, Cyp2c55). Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analyses indicated the predicted genes were mainly involved in the VEGF signalling pathway. This study reveals that the expression of lncRNAs was altered in the jejuna of mice post‐irradiation. Moreover, it provides a resource for the study of lncRNAs in the radiation‐induced intestinal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianying Lu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Gong
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhan Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Kaihua Ji
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohui Sun
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Liqing Du
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Tianjin, China
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11
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Abstract
Intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) absorb nutrients, respond to microbes, provide barrier function and help coordinate immune responses. We profiled 53,193 individual epithelial cells from mouse small intestine and organoids, and characterized novel subtypes and their gene signatures. We showed unexpected diversity of hormone-secreting enteroendocrine cells and constructed their novel taxonomy. We distinguished between two tuft cell subtypes, one of which expresses the epithelial cytokine TSLP and CD45 (Ptprc), the pan-immune marker not previously associated with non-hematopoietic cells. We also characterized how cell-intrinsic states and cell proportions respond to bacterial and helminth infections. Salmonella infection caused an increase in Paneth cells and enterocytes abundance, and broad activation of an antimicrobial program. In contrast, Heligmosomoides polygyrus caused an expansion of goblet and tuft cell populations. Our survey highlights new markers and programs, associates sensory molecules to cell types, and uncovers principles of gut homeostasis and response to pathogens.
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12
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Sehgal A, Kobayashi A, Donaldson DS, Mabbott NA. c-Rel is dispensable for the differentiation and functional maturation of M cells in the follicle-associated epithelium. Immunobiology 2016; 222:316-326. [PMID: 27663963 PMCID: PMC5152706 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
M cells reside within the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) overlying the gut-associated lymphoid tissues. These unique phagocytic epithelial cells enable the mucosal immune system to sample antigens within the lumen of the intestine. The differentiation of M cells from uncommitted precursors in the FAE is dependent on the production of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) by subepithelial stromal cells. The ligation of a variety of cell surface receptors activates the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) family of transcription factors which in-turn induce the transcription of multiple target genes. RANKL-stimulation can stimulate the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunit c-Rel. We therefore used c-Rel-deficient mice to determine whether the differentiation and functional maturation of M cells in the Peyer's patches was dependent on c-Rel. Our data show that c-Rel-deficiency does not influence the expression of RANKL or RANK in Peyer's patches, or the induction of M-cell differentiation in the FAE. RANKL-stimulation in the differentiating M cells induces the expression of SpiB which is essential for their subsequent maturation. However, SpiB expression in the FAE was also unaffected in the absence of c-Rel. As a consequence, the functional maturation of M cells was not impaired in the Peyer's patches of c-Rel-deficient mice. Although our data showed that the specific expression of CCL20 and ubiquitin D in the FAE was not impeded in the absence of c-Rel, the expression of ubiquitin D was dramatically reduced in the B cell-follicles of c-Rel-deficient mice. Coincident with this, we also observed that the status of follicular dendritic cells in the B cell-follicles was dramatically reduced in Peyer's patches from c-Rel-deficient mice. Taken together, our data show that c-Rel is dispensable for the RANKL-mediated differentiation and functional maturation of M cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuj Sehgal
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Atsushi Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - David S Donaldson
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Neil A Mabbott
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK.
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13
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Ikpa PT, Sleddens HFBM, Steinbrecher KA, Peppelenbosch MP, de Jonge HR, Smits R, Bijvelds MJC. Guanylin and uroguanylin are produced by mouse intestinal epithelial cells of columnar and secretory lineage. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 146:445-55. [PMID: 27246004 PMCID: PMC5037145 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1453-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Guanylin (GN) and uroguanylin (UGN), through activation of guanylyl cyclase C (GCC), serve to control intestinal fluid homeostasis. Both peptides are produced in the intestinal epithelium, but their cellular origin has not been fully charted. Using quantitative PCR and an improved in situ hybridization technique (RNAscope), we have assessed the expression of GN (Guca2a), UGN (Guca2b), and GCC (Gucy2c) in mouse intestine. In the crypts of Lieberkühn, expression of Guca2a and Guca2b was restricted to cells of secretory lineage, at the crypt's base, and to a region above, previously identified as a common origin of cellular differentiation. In this compartment, comparatively uniform levels of Guca2a and Guca2b expression were observed throughout the length of the gut. In contrast, Guca2a and Guca2b expression in the villus-surface region was more variable, and reflected the distinct, but overlapping expression pattern observed previously. Accordingly, in jejunum and ileum, Guca2a and Guca2b were abundantly expressed by enterocytes, whereas in colon only Guca2a transcript was found in the surface region. In duodenum, only low levels of Guca2b transcript were observed in columnar cells, and Guca2a expression was restricted entirely to cells of the secretory lineage. Gucy2c was shown to be expressed relatively uniformly along the rostrocaudal and crypt-villus axes and was also found in the duodenal glands. Our study reveals novel aspects of the cellular localization of the GCC signaling axis that, apart from its role in the regulation of fluid balance, link it to pH regulation, cell cycle control, and host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline T Ikpa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hein F B M Sleddens
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kris A Steinbrecher
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Maikel P Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hugo R de Jonge
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron Smits
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel J C Bijvelds
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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14
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Houston A, Williams JM, Rovis TL, Shanley DK, O'Riordan RT, Kiely PA, Ball M, Barry OP, Kelly J, Fanning A, MacSharry J, Mandelboim O, Singer BB, Jonjic S, Moore T. Pregnancy-specific glycoprotein expression in normal gastrointestinal tract and in tumors detected with novel monoclonal antibodies. MAbs 2016; 8:491-500. [PMID: 26926266 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1134410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSGs) are immunoglobulin superfamily members related to the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM) family and are encoded by 10 genes in the human. They are secreted at high levels by placental syncytiotrophoblast into maternal blood during pregnancy, and are implicated in immunoregulation, thromboregulation, and angiogenesis. To determine whether PSGs are expressed in tumors, we characterized 16 novel monoclonal antibodies to human PSG1 and used 2 that do not cross-react with CEACAMs to study PSG expression in tumors and in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract using tissue arrays and immunohistochemistry. Staining was frequently observed in primary squamous cell carcinomas and colonic adenocarcinomas and was correlated with the degree of tumor differentiation, being largely absent from metastatic samples. Staining was also observed in normal oesophageal and colonic epithelium. PSG expression in the human and mouse GI tract was confirmed using quantitative RT-PCR. However, mRNA expression was several orders of magnitude lower in the GI tract compared to placenta. Our results identify a non-placental site of PSG expression in the gut and associated tumors, with implications for determining whether PSGs have a role in tumor progression, and utility as tumor biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Houston
- a School of Medicine , University College Cork , Ireland
| | - John M Williams
- b School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork , Ireland
| | - Tihana Lenac Rovis
- c Department of Histology and Embryology/Center for Proteomics , Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka , Croatia
| | - Daniel K Shanley
- b School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork , Ireland
| | - Ronan T O'Riordan
- b School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork , Ireland
| | - Patrick A Kiely
- d Department of Life Sciences , Materials and Surface Science Institute and Stokes Institute, University of Limerick
| | - Melanie Ball
- b School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork , Ireland
| | - Orla P Barry
- e Department of Pharmacology , Alimentary Pharmabiotic Center, University College Cork , Ireland
| | - Jacquie Kelly
- a School of Medicine , University College Cork , Ireland
| | - Aine Fanning
- f Alimentary Pharmabiotic Center, University College Cork , Ireland
| | - John MacSharry
- f Alimentary Pharmabiotic Center, University College Cork , Ireland
| | - Ofer Mandelboim
- g Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School , Jerusalem , Israel
| | - Bernhard B Singer
- h Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen , Essen , Germany
| | - Stipan Jonjic
- c Department of Histology and Embryology/Center for Proteomics , Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka , Croatia
| | - Tom Moore
- b School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork , Ireland
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15
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Alonso A, Domènech E, Julià A, Panés J, García-Sánchez V, Mateu PN, Gutiérrez A, Gomollón F, Mendoza JL, Garcia-Planella E, Barreiro-de Acosta M, Muñoz F, Vera M, Saro C, Esteve M, Andreu M, Chaparro M, Manyé J, Cabré E, López-Lasanta M, Tortosa R, Gelpí JL, García-Montero AC, Bertranpetit J, Absher D, Myers RM, Marsal S, Gisbert JP. Identification of risk loci for Crohn's disease phenotypes using a genome-wide association study. Gastroenterology 2015; 148:794-805. [PMID: 25557950 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2014.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Crohn's disease is a highly heterogeneous inflammatory bowel disease comprising multiple clinical phenotypes. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have associated a large number of loci with disease risk but have not associated any specific genetic variants with clinical phenotypes. We performed a GWAS of clinical phenotypes in Crohn's disease. METHODS We genotyped 576,818 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in a well-characterized cohort of 1090 Crohn's disease patients of European ancestry. We assessed their association with 17 phenotypes of Crohn's disease (based on disease location, disease behavior, disease course, age at onset, and extraintestinal manifestations). A total of 57 markers with strong associations to Crohn's disease phenotypes (P < 2 × 10(-4)) were subsequently analyzed in an independent replication cohort of 1296 patients of European ancestry. RESULTS We replicated the association of 4 loci with different Crohn's disease phenotypes. Variants in MAGI1, CLCA2, 2q24.1, and LY75 loci were associated with a complicated stricturing disease course (Pcombined = 2.01 × 10(-8)), disease location (Pcombined = 1.3 × 10(-6)), mild disease course (Pcombined = 5.94 × 10(-7)), and erythema nodosum (Pcombined = 2.27 × 10(-6)), respectively. CONCLUSIONS In a GWAS, we associated 4 loci with clinical phenotypes of Crohn's disease. These findings indicate a genetic basis for the clinical heterogeneity observed for this inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnald Alonso
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Enginyeria de Sistemes, Automática i Informàtica Industrial, Polytechnic University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eugeni Domènech
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antonio Julià
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Julián Panés
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain; Gastroenterology Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valle García-Sánchez
- Digestive System Service, Universidad de Córdoba/Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Pilar Nos Mateu
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain; Digestive Medicine Service, Hospital la Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain; Gastroenterology Service, Hospital General de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Fernando Gomollón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain; Digestive System Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan L Mendoza
- Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Fernando Muñoz
- Gastroenterology Service, Complejo Hospitalario de León, León, Spain
| | - Maribel Vera
- Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Saro
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital de Cabueñes, Gijón, Spain
| | - Maria Esteve
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain; Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Universitari Mutua de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montserrat Andreu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques, Institute of Research Hospital del Mar, Parc de Salut Mar, Pompeu Fabra University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Chaparro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain; Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Josep Manyé
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Cabré
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María López-Lasanta
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raül Tortosa
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Lluís Gelpí
- Life Sciences, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, National Institute of Bioinformatics, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Devin Absher
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama
| | - Sara Marsal
- Rheumatology Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Javier P Gisbert
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas, Barcelona, Spain; Gastroenterology Service, Hospital Universitario de la Princesa and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa, Madrid, Spain
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16
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Antigen targeting to M cells for enhancing the efficacy of mucosal vaccines. Exp Mol Med 2014; 46:e85. [PMID: 24626171 PMCID: PMC3972786 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2013.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is one of the most successful applications of immunology and for a long time has depended on parenteral administration protocols. However, recent studies have pointed to the promise of mucosal vaccination because of its ease, economy and efficiency in inducing an immune response not only systemically, but also in the mucosal compartment where many pathogenic infections are initiated. However, successful mucosal vaccination requires the help of an adjuvant for the efficient delivery of vaccine material into the mucosa and the breaking of the tolerogenic environment, especially in oral mucosal immunization. Given that M cells are the main gateway to take up luminal antigens and initiate antigen-specific immune responses, understanding the role and characteristics of M cells is crucial for the development of successful mucosal vaccines. Especially, particular interest has been focused on the regulation of the tolerogenic mucosal microenvironment and the introduction of the luminal antigen into the lymphoid organ by exploiting the molecules of M cells. Here, we review the characteristics of M cells and the immune regulatory factors in mucosa that can be exploited for mucosal vaccine delivery and mucosal immune regulation.
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17
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Mabbott NA, Gray D. Identification of co-expressed gene signatures in mouse B1, marginal zone and B2 B-cell populations. Immunology 2014; 141:79-95. [PMID: 24032749 PMCID: PMC3893852 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In mice, three major B-cell subsets have been identified with distinct functionalities: B1 B cells, marginal zone B cells and follicular B2 B cells. Here, we used the growing body of publicly available transcriptomics data to create an expression atlas of 84 gene expression microarray data sets of distinct mouse B-cell subsets. These data were subjected to network-based cluster analysis using BioLayout Express(3D). Using this analysis tool, genes with related functions clustered together in discrete regions of the network graph and enabled the identification of transcriptional networks that underpinned the functional activity of distinct cell populations. Some gene clusters were expressed highly by most of the cell populations included in this analysis (such as those with activity related to house-keeping functions). Others contained genes with expression patterns specific to distinct B-cell subsets. While these clusters contained many genes typically associated with the activity of the cells they were specifically expressed in, many novel B-cell-subset-specific candidate genes were identified. A large number of uncharacterized genes were also represented in these B-cell lineage-specific clusters. Further analysis of the activities of these uncharacterized candidate genes will lead to the identification of novel B-cell lineage-specific transcription factors and regulators of B-cell function. We also analysed 36 microarray data sets from distinct human B-cell populations. These data showed that mouse and human germinal centre B cells shared similar transcriptional features, whereas mouse B1 B cells were distinct from proposed human B1 B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil A Mabbott
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Sciences, University of EdinburghMidlothian, UK
| | - David Gray
- Ashworth Laboratories, Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of EdinburghEdinburgh, UK
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18
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Microfold (M) cells: important immunosurveillance posts in the intestinal epithelium. Mucosal Immunol 2013; 6:666-77. [PMID: 23695511 PMCID: PMC3686595 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2013.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 449] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The transcytosis of antigens across the gut epithelium by microfold cells (M cells) is important for the induction of efficient immune responses to some mucosal antigens in Peyer's patches. Recently, substantial progress has been made in our understanding of the factors that influence the development and function of M cells. This review highlights these important advances, with particular emphasis on: the host genes which control the functional maturation of M cells; how this knowledge has led to the rapid advance in our understanding of M-cell biology in the steady state and during aging; molecules expressed on M cells which appear to be used as "immunosurveillance" receptors to sample pathogenic microorganisms in the gut; how certain pathogens appear to exploit M cells to infect the host; and finally how this knowledge has been used to specifically target antigens to M cells to attempt to improve the efficacy of mucosal vaccines.
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