1
|
Nakamura T, Okumura M, Takamune N, Hirotsu T, Sugiura M, Yasunaga J, Nakata H. Conversion of raltegravir carrying a 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring to a hydrolysis product upon pH changes decreases its antiviral activity. PNAS Nexus 2024; 3:pgad446. [PMID: 38170115 PMCID: PMC10758923 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgad446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Raltegravir (RAL), a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 integrase inhibitor, has been administered as part of antiretroviral therapy. Studies in patients with HIV-1 have shown high variability in the pharmacokinetics of RAL, and in healthy volunteers, coadministration of proton-pump inhibitors has been shown to increase the plasma RAL concentrations. Here, we found that RAL containing a 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring is converted to a hydrolysis product (H-RAL) with a cleaved 1,3,4-oxadiazole ring at pH 1.0 and 13.0 conditions in vitro, thereby reducing the anti-HIV activity of the drug. The inclusion of cyclodextrins (beta-cyclodextrin [βCD], random methyl-βCD [RAM-βCD], and hydroxypropyl-βCD [HP-βCD]) can protect RAL from pH-induced changes. The conversion of RAL to H-RAL was detected by using various mass spectrometry analyses. The chromatogram of H-RAL increased in a time-dependent manner similar to another 1,3,4-oxadiazole-containing drug, zibotentan, using high-performance liquid chromatography. Oral bioavailability and target protein interactions of H-RAL were predicted to be lower than those of RAL. Moreover, H-RAL exhibited significantly reduced anti-HIV-1 activity, whereas combinations with βCD, RAM-βCD, and HP-βCD attenuated this effect in cell-based assays. These findings suggest that βCDs can potentially protect against the conversion of RAL to H-RAL under acidic conditions in the stomach, thereby preserving the anti-HIV-1 effect of RAL. Although clinical trials are needed for evaluation, we anticipate that protective devices such as βCDs may improve the pharmacokinetics of RAL, leading to better treatment outcomes, including reduced dosing, long-term anti-HIV-1 activity, and deeper HIV-1 suppression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomofumi Nakamura
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjyo 1-1-1, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kumamoto University Hospital, Honjyo 1-1-1, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Mayu Okumura
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjyo 1-1-1, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Nobutoki Takamune
- Kumamoto Innovative Development Organization, Kumamoto University, Kurokami 2-39-1, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0862, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Hirotsu
- CyDing Company Limited, Oehonmachi 5-1, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Masaharu Sugiura
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Ikeda 4-22-1, Nishi-ku, Kumamoto 860-0082, Japan
| | - Junichiro Yasunaga
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjyo 1-1-1, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Nakata
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Honjyo 1-1-1, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aoki M, Aoki-Ogata H, Bulut H, Hayashi H, Takamune N, Kishimoto N, Tanaka H, Higashi-Kuwata N, Hattori SI, Das D, Venkateswara Rao K, Iwama K, Davis DA, Hasegawa K, Murayama K, Yarchoan R, Ghosh AK, Pau AK, Machida S, Misumi S, Mitsuya H. GRL-142 binds to and impairs HIV-1 integrase nuclear localization signal and potently suppresses highly INSTI-resistant HIV-1 variants. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadg2955. [PMID: 37436982 PMCID: PMC10337902 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg2955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear localization signal (NLS) of HIV-1 integrase (IN) is implicated in nuclear import of HIV-1 preintegration complex (PIC). Here, we established a multiclass drug-resistant HIV-1 variant (HIVKGD) by consecutively exposing an HIV-1 variant to various antiretroviral agents including IN strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs). HIVKGD was extremely susceptible to a previously reported HIV-1 protease inhibitor, GRL-142, with IC50 of 130 femtomolar. When cells were exposed to HIVKGD IN-containing recombinant HIV in the presence of GRL-142, significant decrease of unintegrated 2-LTR circular cDNA was observed, suggesting that nuclear import of PIC was severely compromised by GRL-142. X-ray crystallographic analyses revealed that GRL-142 interacts with NLS's putative sequence (DQAEHLK) and sterically blocks the nuclear transport of GRL-142-bound HIVKGD's PIC. Highly INSTI-resistant HIV-1 variants isolated from heavily INSTI-experienced patients proved to be susceptible to GRL-142, suggesting that NLS-targeting agents would serve as salvage therapy agents for highly INSTI-resistant variant-harboring individuals. The data should offer a new modality to block HIV-1 infectivity and replication and shed light on developing NLS inhibitors for AIDS therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Aoki
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Medical Technology, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Aoki-Ogata
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haydar Bulut
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hironori Hayashi
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of infectious Diseases, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Nobutoki Takamune
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Kishimoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Department of Structural Virology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Hattori
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Debananda Das
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Kazuya Iwama
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of infectious Diseases, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - David A Davis
- Viral Oncology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kazuya Hasegawa
- Structural Biology Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Murayama
- Division of Biomedical Measurements and Diagnostics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Robert Yarchoan
- Viral Oncology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Arun K Ghosh
- Departments of Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Alice K Pau
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shinichi Machida
- Department of Structural Virology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Higashi-Kuwata N, Tsuji K, Hayashi H, Bulut H, Kiso M, Imai M, Ogata-Aoki H, Ishii T, Kobayakawa T, Nakano K, Takamune N, Kishimoto N, Hattori SI, Das D, Uemura Y, Shimizu Y, Aoki M, Hasegawa K, Suzuki S, Nishiyama A, Saruwatari J, Shimizu Y, Sukenaga Y, Takamatsu Y, Tsuchiya K, Maeda K, Yoshimura K, Iida S, Ozono S, Suzuki T, Okamura T, Misumi S, Kawaoka Y, Tamamura H, Mitsuya H. Identification of SARS-CoV-2 M pro inhibitors containing P1' 4-fluorobenzothiazole moiety highly active against SARS-CoV-2. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1076. [PMID: 36841831 PMCID: PMC9958325 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36729-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has continually been serious threat to public health worldwide. While a few anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics are currently available, their antiviral potency is not sufficient. Here, we identify two orally available 4-fluoro-benzothiazole-containing small molecules, TKB245 and TKB248, which specifically inhibit the enzymatic activity of main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 and significantly more potently block the infectivity and replication of various SARS-CoV-2 strains than nirmatrelvir, molnupiravir, and ensitrelvir in cell-based assays employing various target cells. Both compounds also block the replication of Delta and Omicron variants in human-ACE2-knocked-in mice. Native mass spectrometric analysis reveals that both compounds bind to dimer Mpro, apparently promoting Mpro dimerization. X-ray crystallographic analysis shows that both compounds bind to Mpro's active-site cavity, forming a covalent bond with the catalytic amino acid Cys-145 with the 4-fluorine of the benzothiazole moiety pointed to solvent. The data suggest that TKB245 and TKB248 might serve as potential therapeutics for COVID-19 and shed light upon further optimization to develop more potent and safer anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Tsuji
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Hayashi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Haydar Bulut
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maki Kiso
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Imai
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ogata-Aoki
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Takahiro Ishii
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Kobayakawa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Nakano
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutoki Takamune
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Kishimoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Hattori
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Debananda Das
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yukari Uemura
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Shimizu
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Aoki
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kazuya Hasegawa
- Structural Biology Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akie Nishiyama
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Junji Saruwatari
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yukiko Shimizu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Sukenaga
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Takamatsu
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Tsuchiya
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shun Iida
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Ozono
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okamura
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hirokazu Tamamura
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan. .,Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Tsuji K, Ishii T, Kobayakawa T, Higashi-Kuwata N, Azuma C, Nakayama M, Onishi T, Nakano H, Wada N, Hori M, Shinohara K, Miura Y, Kawada T, Hayashi H, Hattori SI, Bulut H, Das D, Takamune N, Kishimoto N, Saruwatari J, Okamura T, Nakano K, Misumi S, Mitsuya H, Tamamura H. Potent and biostable inhibitors of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2. iScience 2022; 25:105365. [PMID: 36338434 PMCID: PMC9623849 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Potent and biostable inhibitors of the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 were designed and synthesized based on an active hit compound 5h (2). Our strategy was based not only on the introduction of fluorine atoms into the inhibitor molecule for an increase of binding affinity for the pocket of Mpro and cell membrane permeability but also on the replacement of the digestible amide bond by a surrogate structure to increase the biostability of the compounds. Compound 3 is highly potent and blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro without a viral breakthrough. The derivatives, which contain a thioamide surrogate in the P2-P1 amide bond of these compounds (2 and 3), showed remarkably preferable pharmacokinetics in mice compared with the corresponding parent compounds. These data show that compounds 3 and its biostable derivative 4 are potential drugs for treating COVID-19 and that replacement of the digestible amide bond by its thioamide surrogate structure is an effective method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Tsuji
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishii
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Takuya Kobayakawa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Chika Azuma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Miyuki Nakayama
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Takato Onishi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nakano
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Naoya Wada
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Miki Hori
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Kouki Shinohara
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Yutaro Miura
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Takuma Kawada
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Hironori Hayashi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Hattori
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Haydar Bulut
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Debananda Das
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nobutoki Takamune
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Naoki Kishimoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Junji Saruwatari
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okamura
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Kenta Nakano
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tamamura
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kishimoto N, Okano R, Akita A, Miura S, Irie A, Takamune N, Misumi S. Arginyl-tRNA-protein transferase 1 contributes to governing optimal stability of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 core. Retrovirology 2021; 18:30. [PMID: 34565409 PMCID: PMC8474785 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-021-00574-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The genome of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is encapsulated in a core consisting of viral capsid proteins (CA). After viral entry, the HIV-1 core dissociates and releases the viral genome into the target cell, this process is called uncoating. Uncoating of HIV-1 core is one of the critical events in viral replication and several studies show that host proteins positively or negatively regulate this process by interacting directly with the HIV-1 CA. Results Here, we show that arginyl-tRNA-protein transferase 1 (ATE1) plays an important role in the uncoating process by governing the optimal core stability. Yeast two-hybrid screening of a human cDNA library identified ATE1 as an HIV-1-CA-interacting protein and direct interaction of ATE1 with Pr55gag and p160gag − pol via HIV-1 CA was observed by cell-based pull-down assay. ATE1 knockdown in HIV-1 producer cells resulted in the production of less infectious viruses, which have normal amounts of the early products of the reverse transcription reaction but reduced amounts of the late products of the reverse transcription. Interestingly, ATE1 overexpression in HIV-1 producer cells also resulted in the production of poor infectious viruses. Cell-based fate-of-capsid assay, a commonly used method for evaluating uncoating by measuring core stability, showed that the amounts of pelletable cores in cells infected with the virus produced from ATE1-knockdown cells increased compared with those detected in the cells infected with the control virus. In contrast, the amounts of pelletable cores in cells infected with the virus produced from ATE1-overexpressing cells decreased compared with those detected in the cells infected with the control virus. Conclusions These results indicate that ATE1 expression levels in HIV-1 producer cells contribute to the adequate formation of a stable HIV-1 core. These findings provide insights into a novel mechanism of HIV-1 uncoating and revealed ATE1 as a new host factor regulating HIV-1 replication. Graphic abstract ![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kishimoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Okano
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Ayano Akita
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Satoshi Miura
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Ayaka Irie
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Nobutoki Takamune
- Kumamoto Innovative Development Organization, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860- 8555, Japan
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chia T, Nakamura T, Amano M, Takamune N, Matsuoka M, Nakata H. A Small Molecule, ACAi-028, with Anti-HIV-1 Activity Targets a Novel Hydrophobic Pocket on HIV-1 Capsid. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e0103921. [PMID: 34228546 PMCID: PMC8448090 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01039-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) capsid (CA) is an essential viral component of HIV-1 infection and an attractive therapeutic target for antivirals. Here, we report that a small molecule, ACAi-028, inhibits HIV-1 replication by targeting a hydrophobic pocket in the N-terminal domain of CA (CA-NTD). ACAi-028 is 1 of more than 40 candidate anti-HIV-1 compounds identified by in silico screening and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Our binding model showed that ACAi-028 interacts with the Q13, S16, and T19 amino acid residues, via hydrogen bonds, in the targeting pocket of CA-NTD. Using recombinant fusion methods, TZM-bl, time-of-addition, and colorimetric reverse transcriptase (RT) assays, the compound was found to exert anti-HIV-1 activity in the early stage between reverse transcription and proviral DNA integration, without any effect on RT activity in vitro, suggesting that this compound may affect HIV-1 core disassembly (uncoating) as well as a CA inhibitor, PF74. Moreover, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) also showed that the compound binds directly and noncovalently to the CA monomer. CA multimerization and thermal stability assays showed that ACAi-028 decreased CA multimerization and thermal stability via S16 or T19 residues. These results indicate that ACAi-028 is a new CA inhibitor by binding to the novel hydrophobic pocket in CA-NTD. This study demonstrates that a compound, ACAi-028, targeting the hydrophobic pocket should be a promising anti-HIV-1 inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Travis Chia
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tomofumi Nakamura
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masayuki Amano
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Nobutoki Takamune
- Kumamoto Innovative Development Organization, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masao Matsuoka
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hirotomo Nakata
- Department of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Higashi-Kuwata N, Hayashi S, Kumamoto H, Ogata-Aoki H, Das D, Venzon D, Hattori SI, Bulut H, Hashimoto M, Otagiri M, Takamune N, Kishimoto N, Davis DA, Misumi S, Kakuni M, Tanaka Y, Mitsuya H. Identification of a novel long-acting 4'-modified nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor against HBV. J Hepatol 2021; 74:1075-1086. [PMID: 33333207 PMCID: PMC9703152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS While certain nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are efficacious in treating HBV infection, their effects are yet to be optimized and the emergence of NRTI-resistant HBV variants is an issue because of the requirement for lifelong treatment. The development of agents that more profoundly suppress wild-type and drug-resistant HBVs, and that have a long-acting effect, are crucial to improve patient outcomes. METHODS Herein, we synthesized a novel long-acting 4'-modified NRTI termed E-CFCP. We tested its anti-HBV activity in vitro, before evaluating its anti-HBV activity in HBV-infected human-liver-chimeric mice (PXB-mice). E-CFCP's long-acting features and E-CFCP-triphosphate's interactions with the HBV reverse transcriptase (HBV-RT) were examined. RESULTS E-CFCP potently blocked HBVWTD1 production (IC50qPCR_cell=1.8 nM) in HepG2.2.15 cells and HBVWTC2 (IC50SB_cell=0.7 nM), entecavir (ETV)-resistant HBVETV-RL180M/S202G/M204V (IC50SB_cell=77.5 nM), and adefovir-resistant HBVADV-RA181T/N236T production (IC50SB_cell=14.1 nM) in Huh7 cells. E-CFCP profoundly inhibited intracellular HBV DNA production to below the detection limit, but ETV and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) failed to do so. E-CFCP also showed less toxicity than ETV and TAF. E-CFCP better penetrated hepatocytes and was better tri-phosphorylated; E-CFCP-triphosphate persisted intracellularly for longer than ETV-triphosphate. Once-daily peroral E-CFCP administration over 2 weeks (0.02~0.2 mg/kg/day) reduced HBVWTC2-viremia by 2-3 logs in PXB-mice without significant toxicities and the reduction persisted over 1-3 weeks following treatment cessation, suggesting once-weekly dosing capabilities. E-CFCP also reduced HBVETV-RL180M/S202G/M204V-viremia by 2 logs over 2 weeks, while ETV completely failed to reduce HBVETV-RL180M/S202G/M204V-viremia. E-CFCP's 4'-cyano and fluorine interact with both HBVWT-RT and HBVETV-RL180M/S202G-M204 -RT via Van der Waals and polar forces, being important for E-CFCP-triphosphate's interactions and anti-HBV potency. CONCLUSION E-CFCP represents the first reported potential long-acting NRTI with potent activity against wild-type and treatment-resistant HBV. LAY SUMMARY Although there are currently effective treatment options for HBV, treatment-resistant variants and the need for lifelong therapy pose a significant challenge. Therefore, the development of new treatment options is crucial to improve outcomes and quality of life. Herein, we report preclinical evidence showing that the anti-HBV agent, E-CFCP, has potent activity against wild-type and treatment-resistant variants. In addition, once-weekly oral dosing may be possible, which is preferrable to the current daily dosing regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health & Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sanae Hayashi
- Department of Virology & Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kumamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ogata-Aoki
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health & Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Debananda Das
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shin-Ichiro Hattori
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health & Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haydar Bulut
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mai Hashimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Nobutoki Takamune
- Kumamoto Innovative Development Organization, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Kishimoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - David A Davis
- Viral Oncology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology & Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health & Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kishimoto N, Yamamoto K, Abe T, Yasuoka N, Takamune N, Misumi S. Glucose-dependent aerobic glycolysis contributes to recruiting viral components into HIV-1 particles to maintain infectivity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 549:187-193. [PMID: 33676187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The cellular environment affects optimal viral replication because viruses cannot replicate without their host cells. In particular, metabolic resources such as carbohydrates, lipids, and ATP are crucial for viral replication, which is sensitive to cellular metabolism. Intriguingly, recent studies have demonstrated that human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection induces a metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis in CD4+ T cells to produce the virus efficiently. However, the importance of aerobic glycolysis in maintaining the quality of viral components and viral infectivity has not yet been fully investigated. Here, we show that aerobic glycolysis is necessary not only to override the inhibitory effect of virion-incorporated glycolytic enzymes, but also to maintain the enzymatic activity of reverse transcriptase and the adequate packaging of envelope proteins into HIV-1 particles. To investigate the effect of metabolic remodeling on the phenotypic properties of HIV-1 produced by infected cells, we replaced glucose with galactose in the culture medium because the cells grown in galactose-containing medium are forced to carry out oxidative metabolism instead of aerobic glycolysis. We found that the packaging levels of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, alpha-enolase and pyruvate kinase muscle type 2, which decrease HIV-1 infectivity by packaging into viral particles, are increased in progeny viruses produced by the cells grown in galactose-containing medium. Furthermore, we found that the entry and reverse transcription efficiency of the progeny viruses were reduced, which was caused by a decrease in the enzymatic activity of reverse transcriptase in the viral particles and a decrease in the packaging levels of envelope proteins and reverse transcriptase. These results indicate that the aerobic glycolysis environment in HIV-1-infected cells may contribute to the quality control of viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kishimoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Kengo Yamamoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Towa Abe
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Norito Yasuoka
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Nobutoki Takamune
- Kumamoto Innovative Development Organization, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hattori SI, Higashi-Kuwata N, Hayashi H, Allu SR, Raghavaiah J, Bulut H, Das D, Anson BJ, Lendy EK, Takamatsu Y, Takamune N, Kishimoto N, Murayama K, Hasegawa K, Li M, Davis DA, Kodama EN, Yarchoan R, Wlodawer A, Misumi S, Mesecar AD, Ghosh AK, Mitsuya H. A small molecule compound with an indole moiety inhibits the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 and blocks virus replication. Nat Commun 2021; 12:668. [PMID: 33510133 PMCID: PMC7843602 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Except remdesivir, no specific antivirals for SARS-CoV-2 infection are currently available. Here, we characterize two small-molecule-compounds, named GRL-1720 and 5h, containing an indoline and indole moiety, respectively, which target the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro). We use VeroE6 cell-based assays with RNA-qPCR, cytopathic assays, and immunocytochemistry and show both compounds to block the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 with EC50 values of 15 ± 4 and 4.2 ± 0.7 μM for GRL-1720 and 5h, respectively. Remdesivir permitted viral breakthrough at high concentrations; however, compound 5h completely blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro without viral breakthrough or detectable cytotoxicity. Combination of 5h and remdesivir exhibits synergism against SARS-CoV-2. Additional X-ray structural analysis show that 5h forms a covalent bond with Mpro and makes polar interactions with multiple active site amino acid residues. The present data suggest that 5h might serve as a lead Mpro inhibitor for the development of therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Hattori
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Hayashi
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of infectious Diseases, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Srinivasa Rao Allu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jakka Raghavaiah
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Haydar Bulut
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Debananda Das
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brandon J Anson
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Emma K Lendy
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Yuki Takamatsu
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutoki Takamune
- Kumamoto Innovative Development Organization, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Kishimoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Murayama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kazuya Hasegawa
- Protein Crystal Analysis Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mi Li
- Protein Structure Section, Center for Structural Biology, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - David A Davis
- Viral Oncology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eiichi N Kodama
- Department of infectious Diseases, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine and Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Robert Yarchoan
- Viral Oncology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexander Wlodawer
- Protein Structure Section, Center for Structural Biology, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Andrew D Mesecar
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Arun K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kishimoto N, Yamamoto K, Iga N, Kirihara C, Abe T, Takamune N, Misumi S. Alpha-enolase in viral target cells suppresses the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integration. Retrovirology 2020; 17:31. [PMID: 32917235 PMCID: PMC7488571 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-020-00539-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A protein exhibiting more than one biochemical function is termed a moonlighting protein. Glycolytic enzymes are typical moonlighting proteins, and these enzymes control the infection of various viruses. Previously, we reported that glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and alpha-enolase (ENO1) are incorporated into human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) particles from viral producer cells and suppress viral reverse transcription independently each other. However, it remains unclear whether these proteins expressed in viral target cells affect the early phase of HIV-1 replication. Results Here we show that the GAPDH expression level in viral target cells does not affect the early phase of HIV-1 replication, but ENO1 has a capacity to suppress viral integration in viral target cells. In contrast to GAPDH, suppression of ENO1 expression by RNA interference in the target cells increased viral infectivity, but had no effect on the expression levels of the HIV-1 receptors CD4, CCR5 and CXCR4 and on the level of HIV-1 entry. Quantitative analysis of HIV-1 reverse transcription products showed that the number of copies of the late products (R/gag) and two-long-terminal-repeat circular forms of viral cDNAs did not change but that of the integrated (Alu-gag) form increased. In contrast, overexpression of ENO1 in viral target cells decreased viral infectivity owing to the low viral integration efficiency. Results of subcellular fractionation experiments suggest that the HIV integration at the nucleus was negatively regulated by ENO1 localized in the nucleus. In addition, the overexpression of ENO1 in both viral producer cells and target cells most markedly suppressed the viral replication. Conclusions These results indicate that ENO1 in the viral target cells prevents HIV-1 integration. Importantly, ENO1, but not GAPDH, has the bifunctional inhibitory activity against HIV-1 replication. The results provide and new insights into the function of ENO1 as a moonlighting protein in HIV-1 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kishimoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Kengo Yamamoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Nozomi Iga
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Chie Kirihara
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Towa Abe
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | - Nobutoki Takamune
- Kumamoto Innovative Development Organization, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hattori SI, Higshi-Kuwata N, Raghavaiah J, Das D, Bulut H, Davis DA, Takamatsu Y, Matsuda K, Takamune N, Kishimoto N, Okamura T, Misumi S, Yarchoan R, Maeda K, Ghosh AK, Mitsuya H. GRL-0920, an Indole Chloropyridinyl Ester, Completely Blocks SARS-CoV-2 Infection. mBio 2020; 11:e01833-20. [PMID: 32820005 PMCID: PMC7441487 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01833-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We assessed various newly generated compounds that target the main protease (Mpro) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and various previously known compounds reportedly active against SARS-CoV-2, employing RNA quantitative PCR (RNA-qPCR), cytopathicity assays, and immunocytochemistry. Here, we show that two indole-chloropyridinyl-ester derivatives, GRL-0820 and GRL-0920, exerted potent activity against SARS-CoV-2 in cell-based assays performed using VeroE6 cells and TMPRSS2-overexpressing VeroE6 cells. While GRL-0820 and the nucleotide analog remdesivir blocked SARS-CoV-2 infection, viral breakthrough occurred. No significant anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity was found for several compounds reportedly active against SARS-CoV-2 such as lopinavir, nelfinavir, nitazoxanide, favipiravir, and hydroxychroloquine. In contrast, GRL-0920 exerted potent activity against SARS-CoV-2 (50% effective concentration [EC50] = 2.8 μM) and dramatically reduced the infectivity, replication, and cytopathic effect of SARS-CoV-2 without significant toxicity as examined with immunocytochemistry. Structural modeling shows that indole and chloropyridinyl of the derivatives interact with two catalytic dyad residues of Mpro, Cys145 and His41, resulting in covalent bonding, which was verified using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS), suggesting that the indole moiety is critical for the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity of the derivatives. GRL-0920 might serve as a potential therapeutic for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and might be optimized to generate more-potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds.IMPORTANCE Targeting the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2, we identified two indole-chloropyridinyl-ester derivatives, GRL-0820 and GRL-0920, active against SARS-CoV-2, employing RNA-qPCR and immunocytochemistry and show that the two compounds exerted potent activity against SARS-CoV-2. While GRL-0820 and remdesivir blocked SARS-CoV-2 infection, viral breakthrough occurred as examined with immunocytochemistry. In contrast, GRL-0920 completely blocked the infectivity and cytopathic effect of SARS-CoV-2 without significant toxicity. Structural modeling showed that indole and chloropyridinyl of the derivatives interacted with two catalytic dyad residues of Mpro, Cys145 and His41, resulting in covalent bonding, which was verified using HPLC/MS. The present data should shed light on the development of therapeutics for COVID-19, and optimization of GRL-0920 based on the present data is essential to develop more-potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 compounds for treating COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Hattori
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyo Higshi-Kuwata
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jakka Raghavaiah
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Debananda Das
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Haydar Bulut
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David A Davis
- Viral Oncology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Yuki Takamatsu
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouki Matsuda
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutoki Takamune
- Kumamoto Innovative Development Organization, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Kishimoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okamura
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Robert Yarchoan
- Viral Oncology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Arun K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, USA
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Isayama T, Etoh H, Kishimoto N, Takasaki T, Kuratani A, Ikuta T, Tatefuji T, Takamune N, Muneoka A, Takahashi Y, Misumi S. 10-Hydroxydecanoic Acid Potentially Elicits Antigen-Specific IgA Responses. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 43:1202-1209. [PMID: 32741940 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b20-00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effective antigen (Ag) uptake by microfold cells (M-cells) is important for the induction of an efficient mucosal immune responses. Here, we show that 10-hydroxydecanoic acid (10-HDAA) from royal jelly (RJ) potentially supports M-cell differentiation and induces effective antigen-specific mucosal immune responses in cynomolgus macaques. 10-HDAA increases the expression level of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) (RANK) in Caco-2 cells, which suggests that 10-HDAA potentially prompts the differentiation of Caco-2 cells into M-cells and increased transcytosis efficiency. This idea is supported by the following observations. Intranasal administration of 10-HDAA increased the number of M-cells in the epithelium overlying nasopharynx-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) in macaques. Oral administration of 10-HDAA increased the number of M-cells in the follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) covering Peyer's patches (PPs) and significantly increased the antigen-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) level in macaques. These findings suggest that the exogenous honeybee-derived medium-chain fatty acid 10-HDAA may effectively enhance antigen-specific immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Isayama
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Hikaru Etoh
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Naoki Kishimoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Toshimasa Takasaki
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Ayumi Kuratani
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Tomoki Ikuta
- Institute for Bee Products and Health Science, Yamada Bee Company, Inc
| | - Tomoki Tatefuji
- Institute for Bee Products and Health Science, Yamada Bee Company, Inc
| | - Nobutoki Takamune
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | | | | | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mouree KR, Kishimoto N, Iga N, Kirihara C, Yamamoto K, Takamune N, Misumi S. Virion-Packaged Pyruvate Kinase Muscle Type 2 Affects Reverse Transcription Efficiency of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 by Blocking Virion Recruitment of tRNA Lys3. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:612-618. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b17-00991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kumkum Rahman Mouree
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Naoki Kishimoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Nozomi Iga
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Chie Kirihara
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Kengo Yamamoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | | | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dochi T, Akita A, Kishimoto N, Takamune N, Misumi S. Trametinib suppresses HIV-1 replication by interfering with the disassembly of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capsid core. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:1846-1850. [PMID: 29197575 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that the phosphorylation of a highly conserved serine residue, Ser16 in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) capsid (CA) protein is promoted by virion-incorporated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) and required for proper peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (Pin1)-mediated uncoating. Interestingly, western blot analysis demonstrated that phosphorylated/activated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 (MEK1/2), the upstream activator of ERK2, as well as ERK2 are incorporated into virions. Here, we show that the MEK1/2 selective allosteric inhibitor Trametinib reduces HIV-1 infectivity via the decrease in virion-incorporated ERK2 phosphorylation. The treatment of chronic HIV-1-infected T-cell line, CEM/LAV-1 cells with Trametinib results in a decrease in ERK2 phosphorylation in the virions. The viruses have relatively low infectivity and impaired reverse transcription. Cell-based fate-of-capsid uncoating assay showed that the reduction in infectivity was caused by a functional impairment of the uncoating process. Furthermore, the viruses from Trametinib-treated CEM/LAV-1 cells also showed decreased reverse transcription efficiency and attenuated multiple rounds of replication in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Taken together, these findings suggest that Trametinib suppresses HIV-1 replication by abrogating the proper disassembly of CA core.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Dochi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Ayano Akita
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Naoki Kishimoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Nobutoki Takamune
- Innovative Collaboration Organization, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Aoki M, Hayashi H, Rao KV, Das D, Higashi-Kuwata N, Bulut H, Aoki-Ogata H, Takamatsu Y, Yedidi RS, Davis DA, Hattori SI, Nishida N, Hasegawa K, Takamune N, Nyalapatla PR, Osswald HL, Jono H, Saito H, Yarchoan R, Misumi S, Ghosh AK, Mitsuya H. A novel central nervous system-penetrating protease inhibitor overcomes human immunodeficiency virus 1 resistance with unprecedented aM to pM potency. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 29039736 PMCID: PMC5644950 DOI: 10.7554/elife.28020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1 infection/AIDS has significantly extended the life expectancy of HIV-1-infected individuals and reduced HIV-1 transmission at very high rates. However, certain individuals who initially achieve viral suppression to undetectable levels may eventually suffer treatment failure mainly due to adverse effects and the emergence of drug-resistant HIV-1 variants. Here, we report GRL-142, a novel HIV-1 protease inhibitor containing an unprecedented 6-5-5-ring-fused crown-like tetrahydropyranofuran, which has extremely potent activity against all HIV-1 strains examined with IC50 values of attomolar-to-picomolar concentrations, virtually no effects on cellular growth, extremely high genetic barrier against the emergence of drug-resistant variants, and favorable intracellular and central nervous system penetration. GRL-142 forms optimum polar, van der Waals, and halogen bond interactions with HIV-1 protease and strongly blocks protease dimerization, demonstrating that combined multiple optimizing elements significantly enhance molecular and atomic interactions with a target protein and generate unprecedentedly potent and practically favorable agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Aoki
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States.,Department of Hematology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Medical Technology, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hironori Hayashi
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kalapala Venkateswara Rao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States
| | - Debananda Das
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | | | - Haydar Bulut
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Hiromi Aoki-Ogata
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States.,Department of Hematology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Takamatsu
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Ravikiran S Yedidi
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - David A Davis
- Retroviral Disease Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Shin-Ichiro Hattori
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Nishida
- Bioanalysis Group, Drug Metabolism and Analysis Department, Nonclinical Research Center, Drug Development Service Segment, LSI Medience Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Hasegawa
- Protein Crystal Analysis Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Nobutoki Takamune
- Innovative Collaboration Organization, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Prasanth R Nyalapatla
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States
| | - Heather L Osswald
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States
| | - Hirofumi Jono
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saito
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Robert Yarchoan
- Retroviral Disease Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Arun K Ghosh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States.,Department of Hematology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan.,National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kishimoto N, Onitsuka-Kishimoto A, Iga N, Takamune N, Shoji S, Misumi S. The C-terminal domain of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase plays an important role in suppression of tRNA Lys3 packaging into human immunodeficiency virus type-1 particles. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 8:325-332. [PMID: 28955972 PMCID: PMC5614461 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) requires the packaging of human tRNALys3 as a primer for effective viral reverse transcription. Previously, we reported that glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) suppresses the packaging efficiency of tRNALys3. Although the binding of GAPDH to Pr55gag is important for the suppression mechanism, it remains unclear which domain of GAPDH is responsible for the interaction with Pr55gag. In this study, we show that Asp256, Lys260, Lys263 and Glu267 of GAPDH are important for the suppression of tRNALys3 packaging. Yeast two-hybrid analysis demonstrated that the C-terminal domain of GAPDH (151–335) interacts with both the matrix region (MA; 1–132) and capsid N-terminal domain (CA-NTD; 133–282). The D256R, K263E or E267R mutation of GAPDH led to the loss of the ability to bind to wild-type (WT) MA, and the D256R/K260E double mutation of GAPDH resulted in the loss of detectable binding activity to WT CA-NTD. In contrast, R58E, Q59A or Q63A of MA, and E76R or R82E of CA-NTD abrogated the interaction with the C-terminal domain of GAPDH. Multiple-substituted GAPDH mutant (D256R/K260E/K263E/E267R) retained the oligomeric formation with WT GAPDH in HIV-1 producing cells, but the incorporation level of the hetero-oligomer was decreased in viral particles. Furthermore, the viruses produced from cells expressing the D256R/K260E/K263E/E267R mutant restored tRNALys3 packaging efficiency because the mutant exerted a dominant negative effect by preventing WT GAPDH from binding to MA and CA-NTD and improved the reverse transcription. These findings indicate that the amino acids Asp256, Lys260, Lys263 and Glu267 of GAPDH is essential for the mechanism of tRNALys3-packaging suppression and the D256R/K260E/K263E/E267R mutant of GAPDH acts in a dominant negative manner to suppress tRNALys3 packaging. Yeast two-hybrid analysis revealed that GAPDH interacts with MA and CA region of HIV-1 precursor proteins via its C-terminal domain. Docking simulation predicted that GAPDH helix 10, which is exposed on surface of its tetrameric form surface, interacts with MA and CA. Mutagenesis assay on yeast two-hybrid analysis showed that D256R/K260E/K263E/E267R mutant of GAPDH lacks the binding affinity to both MA and CA. D256R/K260E/K263E/E267R mutant of GAPDH acts as dominant negative effector on the packaging of tRNALys3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kishimoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Ayano Onitsuka-Kishimoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Nozomi Iga
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Nobutoki Takamune
- Innovative Collaboration Organization, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Shozo Shoji
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Ogawa M, Takemoto Y, Sumi S, Inoue D, Kishimoto N, Takamune N, Shoji S, Suzu S, Misumi S. ATP generation in a host cell in early-phase infection is increased by upregulation of cytochrome c oxidase activity via the p2 peptide from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag. Retrovirology 2015; 12:97. [PMID: 26577226 PMCID: PMC4650201 DOI: 10.1186/s12977-015-0224-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) must take advantage of its own proteins with two or more functions to successfully replicate. Although many attempts have been made to determine the function of viral proteins encoded in the HIV-1 genome, the role of the p2 peptide, a spacer between the capsid and the nucleocapsid in HIV-1 Gag in early-phase HIV infection still remains unclarified. Results In this study, we show that the p2 peptide enhances HIV-1 acute infection by increasing intracellular ATP production via the activation of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (MT-CO) involved in the respiratory chain. We found that cell-permeable p2-peptide-treated cells were more effectively infected by HIV-1 than control cells. To characterize the effect of the p2 peptide on HIV-1 replication in MAGIC-5 cells, various HIV-1 cDNA products were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. The levels of the late (R/gag), 2-LTR circular (2-LTR), and integrated (Alu) forms of viral cDNAs increased in the presence of the p2 peptide. Interestingly, yeast two-hybrid analysis revealed a novel interaction between the p2 peptide and the mitochondrial intermembrane space domain (N214–F235) of MT-CO subunit I (MT-CO1). Mutational analysis indicated that Gln6 in the p2 peptide is important for the interaction with MT-CO1. The p2 peptide activated MT-CO1 in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner, and fluorescence-microscopy analysis demonstrated that the p2 peptide had a significant effect on mitochondrial targeting. Furthermore, the analysis of HIV-1 lacking a functional p2 peptide demonstrated the inhibition of intracellular ATP production in MT-4 cells and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) and a decrease in reverse transcription efficiency following infection of MT-4 cells and MDMs. Conclusions These findings provide evidence that the p2 peptide is a viral positive allosteric modulator of MT-CO and the increased intracellular ATP production after HIV infection in a p2-peptide-dependent manner is essential for efficient reverse transcription in early-phase HIV-1 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minako Ogawa
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
| | - Yuki Takemoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Sumi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Inoue
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
| | - Naoki Kishimoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
| | - Nobutoki Takamune
- Innovative Collaboration Organization, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan.
| | - Shozo Shoji
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
| | - Shinya Suzu
- Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Ohta H, Takamune N, Kishimoto N, Shoji S, Misumi S. N-Myristoyltransferase 1 enhances human immunodeficiency virus replication through regulation of viral RNA expression level. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 463:988-93. [PMID: 26074144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) catalyzes protein N-myristoylation. It has been suggested that the isozyme NMT1 enhances the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). However, the details of the mechanism by which NMT1 does so remain unclear. In this study, we investigated NMT1-binding proteins by co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry. As a result, several RNA-binding proteins including ribosomal proteins, NMT isozymes, and hnRNP A2/B1 were observed to bind to NMT1, as mediated mainly by RNA. Interestingly, only hRNP A2/B1 was found to associate with NMT1 without mediation by RNA. It was also suggested that hnRNP A2/B1 contributes to the formation of complexes of high molecular weights involving NMT1. Knockdown of hnRNP A2/B1 resulted in the enhancement of viral replication with an increase in the expression level of viral RNA in HIV-1-producing cells. On the other hand, knockdown of NMT1 resulted in the attenuation of viral replication with the decrease in the expression level of viral RNA in HIV-1-producing cells. Additionally, overexpression of NMT1 induced the enhancement of viral replication with the increase in the expression level of the viral RNA. These findings suggest that both NMT1 and hnRNP A2/B1 take part in the regulation of HIV-1 RNA expression through their mutual opposite effects on the viral RNA expression in HIV-1-producing cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Ohta
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto 8620973, Japan
| | - Nobutoki Takamune
- Innovative Collaboration Organization, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto 8608555, Japan; Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto 8620973, Japan.
| | - Naoki Kishimoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto 8620973, Japan
| | - Shozo Shoji
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto 8620973, Japan
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-Ku, Kumamoto 8620973, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Harada K, Takamune N, Shoji S, Misumi S. Clearly different mechanisms of enhancement of short-lived Nef-mediated viral infectivity between SIV and HIV-1. Virol J 2014; 11:222. [PMID: 25519983 PMCID: PMC4310179 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-014-0222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the major functions of Nef is in the enhancement of the infectivity of the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV, respectively). However, the detailed mechanism of the enhancement of viral infectivity by Nef remains unclear. Additionally, studies of mechanisms by which Nef enhances the infectivity of SIV are not as intensive as those of HIV-1. Methods We generated short-lived Nef constructed by fusing Nef to a proteasome-mediated protein degradation sequence to characterize the Nef role in viral infectivity. Results The apparent expression level of the short-lived Nef was found to be extremely lower than that of the wild-type Nef. Moreover, the expression level of the short-lived Nef increased with the treatment with a proteasome inhibitor. The infectivity of HIV-1 with the short-lived Nef was significantly lower than that with the wild-type Nef. On the other hand, the short-lived Nef enhanced the infectivity of SIVmac239, an ability observed to be interestingly equivalent to that of the wild-type Nef. The short-lived Nef was not detected in SIVmac239, but the wild-type Nef was, suggesting that the incorporation of Nef into SIVmac239 is not important for the enhancement of SIVmac239 infectivity. Conclusions Altogether, the findings suggest that the mechanisms of infectivity enhancement by Nef are different between HIV-1 and SIVmac239. Lastly, we propose the following hypothesis: even when the expression level of a protein is extremely low, the protein may still be sufficiently functional.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Harada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 8620973, Japan.
| | - Nobutoki Takamune
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 8620973, Japan. .,Innovative Collaboration Organization, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 8608555, Japan.
| | - Shozo Shoji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 8620973, Japan.
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1Oe-Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 8620973, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yamamoto M, Harada K, Shoji S, Misumi S, Takamune N. Identification of essential cis element in 5'UTR of Nef mRNA for Nef translation. Curr HIV Res 2014; 12:213-9. [PMID: 24981044 DOI: 10.2174/1570162x12666140701092331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nef is one of the accessory proteins of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Nef is translated from multiple-spliced mRNAs transcribed from the viral genome, whose mRNAs have a relatively long 5' untranslated region (5'UTR). Here, we identified a cis element in the 5'UTR of Nef mRNA essential for efficient Nef translation, which was named the Nef-translation essential region (NER). Mutants with a deleted NER in the 5'UTR of the HIV-1 NL4-3 strain showed an almost undetectable Nef expression owing to a low Nef translation efficiency. The NER of the NL4-3 strain was predicted to form putative stem loops. Although the 5'UTR showed significant but relatively low internal ribosome entry site (IRES) activity, the mechanism of 5'cap-dependent translation mainly contributed to the Nef translation from its Nef mRNA. Altogether, it was clarified that not only the 5' cap but also the NER in the 5'UTR is an essential cis element for efficient Nef translation, which is not a typical 5'-cap-dependent mechanism, and that there must be an as yet unknown mechanism using the NER for efficient Nef translation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Nobutoki Takamune
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe- Honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dochi T, Nakano T, Inoue M, Takamune N, Shoji S, Sano K, Misumi S. Phosphorylation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capsid protein at serine 16, required for peptidyl-prolyl isomerase-dependent uncoating, is mediated by virion-incorporated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2. J Gen Virol 2014; 95:1156-1166. [PMID: 24509437 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.060053-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported previously that Pin1 facilitates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) uncoating by interacting with the capsid core through the phosphorylated Ser(16)-Pro(17) motif. However, the specific kinase responsible for Ser(16) phosphorylation has remained unknown. Here, we showed that virion-associated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (ERK2) phosphorylates Ser(16). The characterization of immature virions produced by exposing chronically HIV-1LAV-1-infected CEM/LAV-1 cells to 10 µM saquinavir indicated that Ser(16) is phosphorylated after the initiation of Pr55(Gag) processing. Furthermore, a mass spectrometry-based in vitro kinase assay demonstrated that ERK2 specifically phosphorylated the Ser(16) residue in the Ser(16)-Pro(17) motif-containing substrate. The treatment of CEM/LAV-1 cells with the ERK2 inhibitor sc-222229 decreased the Ser(16) phosphorylation level inside virions, and virus partially defective in Ser(16) phosphorylation showed impaired reverse transcription and attenuated replication owing to attenuated Pin1-dependent uncoating. Furthermore, the suppression of ERK2 expression by RNA interference in CEM/LAV-1 cells resulted in suppressed ERK2 packaging inside virions and decreased the Ser(16) phosphorylation level inside virions. Interestingly, the ERK2-packaging-defective virus showed impaired reverse transcription and attenuated HIV-1 replication. Taken together, these findings provide insights into the as-yet-obscure processes in Pin1-dependent HIV-1 uncoating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Dochi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakano
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Inoue
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Nobutoki Takamune
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Shozo Shoji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Kouichi Sano
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Otsubo Y, Yashiro S, Nozaki K, Matsuura K, Kiyonaga K, Mitsumata R, Takahashi Y, Masuyama M, Muneoka A, Takamune N, Shoji S, Misumi S. Bovine alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein functions as a booster antigen for efficiently stimulating humoral immune responses to CCR5 and SIVmac239 envelope glycoprotein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 443:301-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.11.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
23
|
Takamune N, Irisaka Y, Yamamoto M, Harada K, Shoji S, Misumi S. Induction of extremely low protein expression level by fusion of C-terminal region of Nef. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2013; 59:245-53. [PMID: 23586835 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Nef is one of the accessory proteins of human immunodeficiency viruses. Here, we noted that the relative expression level of Nef(NL4-3) is much lower than that of NefJR-CSF in HEK293 cells. By evaluating the expression level using a Nef mutant, it was indicated that amino acids 129-206 of Nef(NL4-3), that is, the C-terminal region named NLAA129-206, could contain the region responsible for the induction of the low protein expression level. In addition, the expression levels of the enhanced green fluorescent protein and Renilla luciferase became extremely low with the fusion of NLAA129-206. Interestingly, the NLAA129-206-corresponding sequences of other Nef variants with relatively high expression levels also induced the extremely low protein expression level by fusion. These results suggest that the C-terminal region of Nef can generally induce an extremely low protein expression level. Here, we propose that the C-terminal region of Nef could become an excellent tool for the induction of an extremely low expression level of arbitrary proteins by attachment as fusion proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobutoki Takamune
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Kai H, Motomura Y, Saito S, Hashimoto K, Tatefuji T, Takamune N, Misumi S. Royal jelly enhances antigen-specific mucosal IgA response. Food Sci Nutr 2013; 1:222-227. [PMID: 29387350 PMCID: PMC5779328 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 02/04/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The effective uptake of antigens (Ags) by specialized M cells of gut‐associated lymphoid tissues is an important step in inducing an efficient intestinal mucosal immune response. In this study, royal jelly (RJ) was found to stimulate the differentiation of M‐like cells from human Caco‐2 cells in an in vitro M cell model. Furthermore, RJ and protease‐treated royal jelly (pRJ) efficiently enhanced transcytosis of FluoSpheres® carboxylate‐modified microspheres from the apical side to the basolateral side in the model. Therefore, we evaluated the ability of pRJ to induce efficient mucosal immune responses in an in vivo nonhuman primate. Continuous oral administration of commercially available pRJ resulted in a significant enhacement of the antigen‐specific IgA response in stool sample. Interestingly, Caco‐2 monolayer assay demonstrated that ether extracts from pRJ efficiently increased the expression level of a universal M cell marker, glycoprotein 2 (gp2). These findings suggest that pRJ exhibits mucosal immunomodulatory properties via stimulation of effective uptake of Ags through M cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hikaru Kai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Yuji Motomura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Shiro Saito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Ken Hashimoto
- Institute for Bee Products and Health Science Yamada Apiculture Center, Inc. Okayama Japan
| | - Tomoki Tatefuji
- Institute for Bee Products and Health Science Yamada Apiculture Center, Inc. Okayama Japan
| | - Nobutoki Takamune
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kishimoto N, Onitsuka A, Kido K, Takamune N, Shoji S, Misumi S. Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase negatively regulates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Retrovirology 2012; 9:107. [PMID: 23237566 PMCID: PMC3531276 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Host proteins are incorporated inside human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) virions during assembly and can either positively or negatively regulate HIV-1 infection. Although the identification efficiency of host proteins is improved by mass spectrometry, how those host proteins affect HIV-1 replication has not yet been fully clarified. RESULTS In this study, we show that virion-associated glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) does not allosterically inactivate HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) but decreases the efficiency of reverse transcription reactions by decreasing the packaging efficiency of lysyl-tRNA synthetase (LysRS) and tRNA(Lys3) into HIV-1 virions. Two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis demonstrated that some isozymes of GAPDH with different isoelectric points were expressed in HIV-1-producing CEM/LAV-1 cells, and a proportion of GAPDH was selectively incorporated into the virions. Suppression of GAPDH expression by RNA interference in CEM/LAV-1 cells resulted in decreased GAPDH packaging inside the virions, and the GAPDH-packaging-defective virus maintained at least control levels of viral production but increased the infectivity. Quantitative analysis of reverse transcription products indicated that the levels of early cDNA products of the GAPDH-packaging-defective virus were higher than those of the control virus owing to the higher packaging efficiencies of LysRS and tRNA(Lys3) into the virions rather than the GAPDH-dependent negative allosteric modulation for RT. Furthermore, immunoprecipitation assay using an anti-GAPDH antibody showed that GAPDH directly interacted with Pr55(gag) and p160(gag)-pol and the overexpression of LysRS in HIV-1-producing cells resulted in a decrease in the efficiency of GAPDH packaging in HIV particles. In contrast, the viruses produced from cells expressing a high level of GAPDH showed decreased infectivity in TZM-bl cells and reverse transcription efficiency in TZM-bl cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that GAPDH negatively regulates HIV-1 infection and provide insights into a novel function of GAPDH in the HIV-1 life cycle and a new host defense mechanism against HIV-1 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Kishimoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ohtsuka K, Sato S, Sato Y, Sota K, Ohzawa S, Matsuda T, Takemoto K, Takamune N, Juskowiak B, Nagai T, Takenaka S. Fluorescence imaging of potassium ions in living cells using a fluorescent probe based on a thrombin binding aptamer-peptide conjugate. Chem Commun (Camb) 2012; 48:4740-2. [PMID: 22475983 DOI: 10.1039/c2cc30536d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
When a biotinylated FRET probe based on a peptide-thrombin binding aptamer conjugate was introduced together with streptavidin and biotinylated nuclear export signal peptide into HeLa cells, the resulting ternary complex enabled visualization of K(+) concentration changes in the cell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Ohtsuka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Fukuoka 804-8550, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Endo M, Gejima S, Endo A, Takamune N, Shoji S, Misumi S. Treatment of breast cancer cells with proteasome inhibitor lactacystin increases the level of sensitivity to cell death induced by human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Biol Pharm Bull 2011; 33:1903-6. [PMID: 21048319 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.1903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Upon binding to CD4, the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein gp120 undergoes conformational changes that facilitate subsequent interactions with the chemokine coreceptor CXCR4 on the T cells. Our previous study showed that HIV-1 induces breast cancer cell death through gp120-CXCR4 interaction without CD4-induced conformational change of gp120. To characterize the structural properties of CXCR4 on breast cancer cells, the structural differences in CXCR4 between breast cancer cell lines and T cells were investigated. Immunoblots of whole cell lysates from breast cancer cell and T cell lines demonstrated that the predominant forms of CXCR4 on the breast cancer cell lines and T cell lines were three species (45, 61, 100 kDa) and one species (45 kDa), respectively. Cell surface biotin labeling revealed that the 100-kDa polyubiquitinated form of CXCR4 is specifically expressed on the surface of breast cancer cell line DU4475 but not T cell line Molt4#8. The treatment of breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB231 and DU4475 with proteasome inhibitor lactacystin leads to increased surface expression of the 100-kDa polyubiquitinated form of CXCR4 and increases the level of sensitivity to cell death induced by HIV-1. These data suggest that the 100-kDa polyubiquitinated form of CXCR4 plays an important role as a trigger for gp120-induced breast cancer cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Endo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5–1 Oe-honmachi, Kumamoto 862–0973, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Misumi S, Inoue M, Dochi T, Kishimoto N, Hasegawa N, Takamune N, Shoji S. Uncoating of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 requires prolyl isomerase Pin1. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:25185-95. [PMID: 20529865 PMCID: PMC2919081 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.114256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The process by which the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) conical core dissociates is called uncoating, but not much is known about this process. Here, we show that the uncoating process requires the interaction of the capsid (CA) protein with the peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 that specifically recognizes the phosphorylated serine/threonine residue followed by proline. We found that the HIV-1 core is composed of some isoforms of the CA protein with different isoelectric points, and one isoform is preferentially phosphorylated in the Ser16-Pro17 motif. The mutant virus S16A/P17A shows a severely attenuated HIV-1 replication and an impaired reverse transcription. The S16A/P17A change increased the amount of particulate CA cores in the cytosol of target cells and correlated with the restriction of HIV-1 infection. Glutathione S-transferase pulldown assays demonstrated a direct interaction between Pin1 and the HIV-1 core via the Ser16-Pro17 motif. Suppression of Pin1 expression by RNA interference in a target cell results in an attenuated HIV-1 replication and increases the amount of particulate CA cores in the cytosol of target cells. Furthermore, heat-inactivated, inhibitor-treated, or W34A/K63A Pin1 causes an attenuated in vitro uncoating of the HIV-1 core. The Pin1-dependent uncoating is inhibited by antisera raised against a CA peptide phosphorylated at Ser16 or treatment of the HIV-1 core with alkaline phosphatase. These findings provide insights into this obscure uncoating process in the HIV-1 life cycle and a new cellular target for HIV-1 drug development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Misumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Anraku K, Fukuda R, Takamune N, Misumi S, Okamoto Y, Otsuka M, Fujita M. Highly Sensitive Analysis of the Interaction between HIV-1 Gag and Phosphoinositide Derivatives Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance. Biochemistry 2010; 49:5109-16. [DOI: 10.1021/bi9019274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kensaku Anraku
- Institute of Health Sciences, Kumamoto Health Science University, 325 Izumi-machi, Kumamoto 861-5598, Japan
| | - Ryota Fukuda
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences
| | | | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences
| | - Yoshinari Okamoto
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences
| | - Masami Otsuka
- Department of Bioorganic Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences
| | - Mikako Fujita
- Research Institute for Drug Discovery, School of Pharmacy
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Takamune N, Kuroe T, Tanada N, Shoji S, Misumi S. Suppression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Production by Coexpression of Catalytic-Region-Deleted N-Myristoyltransferase Mutants. Biol Pharm Bull 2010; 33:2018-23. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.33.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nobutoki Takamune
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Tetsuya Kuroe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Noriaki Tanada
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University
| | - Shozo Shoji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University
- Kumamoto Health Science University
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Misumi S, Masuyama M, Takamune N, Nakayama D, Mitsumata R, Matsumoto H, Urata N, Takahashi Y, Muneoka A, Sukamoto T, Fukuzaki K, Shoji S. Targeted delivery of immunogen to primate m cells with tetragalloyl lysine dendrimer. J Immunol 2009; 182:6061-70. [PMID: 19414757 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0802928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Effective uptake of Ags by specialized M cells of gut-associated lymphoid tissues is an important step in inducing efficient immune responses after oral vaccination. Although stable nontoxic small molecule mimetics of lectins, such as synthetic multivalent polygalloyl derivatives, may have potential in murine M cell targeting, it remains unclear whether synthetic multivalent polygalloyl derivatives effectively target nonhuman and human M cells. In this study, we evaluated the ability of a tetragalloyl derivative, the tetragalloyl-D-lysine dendrimer (TGDK), to target M cells in both in vivo nonhuman primate and in vitro human M-like cell culture models. TGDK was efficiently transported from the lumen of the intestinal tract into rhesus Peyer's patches by M cells and then accumulated in germinal centers. Oral administration of rhesus CCR5-derived cyclopeptide conjugated with TGDK in rhesus macaque resulted in a statistically significant increase in stool IgA response against rhesus CCR5-derived cyclopeptide and induced a neutralizing activity against SIV infection. Furthermore, TGDK was specifically bound to human M-like cells and efficiently transcytosed from the apical side to the basolateral side in the M-like cell model. Thus, the TGDK-mediated vaccine delivery system represents a potential approach for enabling M cell-targeted mucosal vaccines in primates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Misumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Endo M, Inatsu A, Hashimoto K, Takamune N, Shoji S, Misumi S. Human immunodeficiency virus-induced apoptosis of human breast cancer cells via CXCR4 is mediated by the viral envelope protein but does not require CD4. Curr HIV Res 2008; 6:34-42. [PMID: 18288973 DOI: 10.2174/157016208783571991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1 infection results in an increased risk of malignancy as well as immune suppression. However, analyses of cancer incidence in chronically immunosuppressed transplant recipients and HIV-infected person have demonstrated an unexpected low incidence of certain types of cancer, such as breast cancers, and the mechanism behind this remains unclarified. In this study, we show that most breast cancer cell lines express CXCR4 but are not susceptible to HIV-1 infection. The apoptosis of breast cancer cells is induced by HIV-1 in a viral-dose- and time-dependent manner without productive infection. The apoptosis is induced by R5X4 and X4 HIV-1 but not by R5 HIV-1, and is inhibited by an anti-CXCR4 antibody, an anti-gp120 antibody, AMD3100, or pertussis toxin. The apoptosis is mediated via CXCR4 in breast cancer cells that exhibit conformational heterogeneity in comparison with CXCR4 in T-cells. Furthermore, the gp120 mutant (E370R) with a low CD4 binding ability can specifically induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells but not in T-cells. Taken together, these results indicate that HIV-1 and gp120 can induce breast cancer cell apoptosis through gp120-CXCR4 interaction without a CD4-induced conformational change of gp120, and may lead to a novel HIV-1-based therapy for breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Endo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Science, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Takahashi Y, Misumi S, Muneoka A, Masuyama M, Tokado H, Fukuzaki K, Takamune N, Shoji S. Nonhuman primate intestinal villous M-like cells: an effective poliovirus entry site. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 368:501-7. [PMID: 18261987 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.01.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 01/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Humans and some Old World monkeys, chimpanzees, and cynomolgus macaques, are susceptible to oral poliovirus (PV) infection. Interestingly, rhesus macaques, although sensitive to injected PV, are not susceptible to gut infection. Not much is known about the initial event of gut infection by PV in rhesus macaques so far. Here, we show that PV can efficiently enter the lamina propria (LP) by penetrating across intestinal villous M-like cells in rhesus macaques. We found by immunofluorescence analysis that PV effectively invades LP rather than germinal centers (GCs) in rhesus macaques despite expressing PV receptor CD155 on cells within GCs and LP. Furthermore, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy demonstrated that gold-labeled PV is spatiotemporally internalized into villous M-like cells and engulfed by macrophage-like cells in LP. These results suggest that rhesus macaques may be resistant to productive gut PV infection owing to a defective translocation of PV to GCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Takahashi
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., 2438 Miyanoura, Kagoshima 891-1394, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Takamune N, Gota K, Misumi S, Tanaka K, Okinaka S, Shoji S. HIV-1 production is specifically associated with human NMT1 long form in human NMT isozymes. Microbes Infect 2007; 10:143-50. [PMID: 18248763 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2007.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2007] [Revised: 10/19/2007] [Accepted: 10/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The N-myristoylation of the N-terminal of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) Pr55(gag) by human N-myristoyltransferase (hNMT) is a prerequisite modification for HIV-1 production. hNMT consists of multiple isozymes encoded by hNMT1 and hNMT2. The hNMT1 isozyme consists of long, medium, and short forms. Here, we investigated which isozyme is crucial for HIV-1 production. Human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells transfected with infectious HIV-1 vectors were used as models of HIV-1-infected cells in this study. The significant reduction in HIV-1 production and the failure of the specific localization of Pr55(gag) in a detergent-resistant membrane fraction were dependent on the knockdown of the different forms of the hNMT1 isozyme but not of the hNMT2 isozyme. Additionally, the coexpression of an inactive mutant hNMT1 isozyme, namely the hNMT1 long form (hNMT1(L)), but not that of other hNMT mutants resulted in a significant reduction in HIV-1 production. These results strongly suggest that HIV-1 production is specifically associated with hNMT1, particularly hNMT1(L), but not with hNMT2 in vivo, contributing to the understanding of a step in HIV-1 replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobutoki Takamune
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Misumi S, Takamune N, Shoji S. Immunoreactive cycloimmunogen design based on conformational epitopes derived from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 coreceptors: cyclic dodecapeptides mimic undecapeptidyl arches of extracellular loop-2 in chemokine receptor and inhibit human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2007; 7:141-52. [PMID: 17584153 DOI: 10.2174/187153007780832127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) requires a chemokine receptor (CCR5 or CXCR4) as a coreceptor not only for initiate viral entry but also protecting highly conserved neutralization epitopes from the attack of neutralizing antibodies. Over the past decade, many studies have provided new insights into the HIV entry mechanism and have focused on developing an effective vaccine strategy. However, to date, no vaccine that can provide protection from HIV-1 infection has been developed. One reason for the disappointing results has been the inability of current vaccine candidates to elicit a broadly reactive immunity to viral proteins such as the envelope (env) protein. Here, we propose that chemokine receptors are attractive targets of vaccine development because their structures are highly conserved and that our synthetic cycloimmunogens can mimic conformational-specific epitopes of undecapeptidyl arches (UPAs: R(168)-C(178) in CCR5, N(176)-C(186) in CXCR4) and be useful for HIV-1 novel vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Misumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ueda M, Ando Y, Hakamata Y, Nakamura M, Yamashita T, Obayashi K, Himeno S, Inoue S, Sato Y, Kaneko T, Takamune N, Misumi S, Shoji S, Uchino M, Kobayashi E. A transgenic rat with the human ATTR V30M: a novel tool for analyses of ATTR metabolisms. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 352:299-304. [PMID: 17126291 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2006] [Accepted: 11/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Amyloidogenic transthyretin (ATTR) is the pathogenic protein of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP). To establish a tool for analyses of ATTR metabolisms including after liver transplantations, we developed a transgenic rat model expressing human ATTR V30M and confirmed expressions of human ATTR V30M in various tissues. Mass spectrometry for purified TTR revealed that rat intrinsic TTR and human ATTR V30M formed tetramers. Congo red staining and immunohistochemistry revealed that nonfibrillar deposits of human ATTR V30M, but not amyloid deposits, were detected in the gastrointestinal tracts of the transgenic rats. At 24h after liver transplantation, serum human ATTR V30M levels in transgenic rats that received livers from normal rats became lower than detectable levels. These results thus suggest that this transgenic rat may be a useful animal model which analyzes the metabolism of human ATTR V30M including liver transplantation studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuharu Ueda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Misumi S, Nakayama D, Kusaba M, Iiboshi T, Mukai R, Tachibana K, Nakasone T, Umeda M, Shibata H, Endo M, Takamune N, Shoji S. Effects of immunization with CCR5-based cycloimmunogen on simian/HIVSF162P3 challenge. J Immunol 2006; 176:463-71. [PMID: 16365439 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.176.1.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic cycloimmunogen targeting the HIV-1 coreceptor CCR5 was evaluated for its capacity to induce CCR5-specific Abs with anti-HIV-1 activity in cynomolgus macaques. The cyclic closed-chain dodecapeptide (cDDR5) mimicking the conformation-specific domain of human CCR5 was chemically prepared, in which the Gly-Glu dipeptide links the amino and carboxy termini of the decapeptidyl linear chain (Arg168 to Thr177) derived from the undecapeptidyl arch (Arg168 to Cys178) of extracellular loop-2 in CCR5. The immunization of cynomolgus macaques with the cDDR5-conjugated multiple-Ag peptide (cDDR5-MAP) induced anti-cDDR5 serum production for approximately 15 wk after the third immunization. The antisera raised against cDDR5-MAP reacted with both human and macaque CCR5s, and potently suppressed infection by the R5 HIV-1 laboratory isolate (HIV JRFL), R5 HIV-1 primary isolates (clade A:HIV 93RW004 and clade C:HIV MJ4), and a pathogenic simian/HIV (SHIV SF162P3) bulk isolate in vitro. To examine the prophylactic efficacy of anti-CCR5 serum Ab for acute HIV-1 infection, cynomolgus macaques were challenged with SHIV SF162P3. The cDDR5-MAP immunization attenuated the acute phase of SHIV SF162P3 replication. The geometric mean plasma viral load in the vaccinated macaques was 217.10 times lower than that of the control macaques at 1 wk postchallenge. Taken together, these results suggest that cDDR5-MAP immunization is an effective prophylactic vaccine strategy that suppresses and delays viral propagation during the initial HIV-1 transmission for the containment of HIV-1 replication subsequent to infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Misumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Nakayama D, Misumi S, Mukai R, Tachibana K, Umeda M, Shibata H, Takamune N, Shoji S. Suppression of Multiclade R5 and X4 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Infections by a Coreceptor-Based Anti-HIV Strategy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 138:571-82. [PMID: 16272569 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvi165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A cyclic chimeric dodecapeptide (cCD) mimicking the conformation-specific domains of CCR5 and CXCR4 was prepared in which Gly-Asp links the amino and carboxyl termini of two combined pentapeptides (S169-G173 of CCR5; E179-R183 of CXCR4) derived from human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) coreceptors. The immunization of Balb/c mice with cCD conjugated with a multiple-antigen peptide (cCD-MAP) induced seven cCD-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs, CPMAb-I to -VII) that reacted with native CCR5 and CXCR4. Among the tested mAbs, CPMAb-I and -II potently inhibited the infection of both the R5 and X4 laboratory strains. CPMAb-III and -VI were effective against only R5 laboratory strains, and also against some X4 and R5 primary isolates. CPMAb-IV and -V had potent antiviral activities against the R5 and X4 primary isolates. In particular, CPMAb-VII was protective against not only R5 and X4 laboratory strains, but also most of the R5 and X4 primary isolates. Moreover, cCD-MAP immunization also induced antibodies that were effective against R5 and X4 multiclade HIV-1 isolates in vitro in two of three cynomolgus monkeys. Taken together, the results suggest that cCD-MAP is a candidate multiclade immunogen that can be used to block multiclade R5 and X4 HIV-1 infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Nakayama
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Misumi S, Morikawa Y, Tomonaga M, Ohkuma K, Takamune N, Shoji S. Blocking of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 virion autolysis by autologous p2(gag) peptide. J Biochem 2005; 135:447-53. [PMID: 15113844 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvh052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous study suggested that the p2(gag) peptide, AEAMSQVTNTATIM, inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease (PR) activity in vitro. In this study, Ala substitutions (Met4Ala and Thr8Ala) and deletion of amino acid Asn9 within the nona p2(gag) peptide (AEAMSQVTN) were found to decrease the inhibitory effect on HIV-1 PR activity. Furthermore, treatment of PMA-activated latently infected T lymphocytes, ACH-2 cells, with the p2(gag) peptide (100 and 250 micro M) resulted in a decrease in the amount of p24(gag )in the resultant viral lysates derived from the cell-free supernatant. In addition, the HIV-1-Tat-p2(gag) fusion peptide was synthesized to effectively deliver the p2(gag) peptide into the cells. The fusion peptide was incorporated into chronically infected T lymphocytes, CEM/LAV-1 cells, as detected on indirect immunofluorescence analysis using anti-p2(gag) peptide monoclonal antibodies, which recognize the nona peptide (AEAMSQVTN) derived from the N-terminus of the p2(gag) peptide, and cleaved by HIV-1 PR in vitro. Treatment of CEM/LAV-1 cells with the fusion peptide also resulted in a decrease in the amount of p24(gag )in the resultant viral lysate derived from the cell-free supernatant. Taken together, these data suggest that the p2(gag) peptide consequently blocks the autolysis of HIV-1 virions for the conservation of viral species.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Amino Acid Substitution/genetics
- Animals
- Antibody Specificity
- Autolysis/virology
- Cell Line
- Female
- Gene Products, gag/chemistry
- Gene Products, gag/genetics
- Gene Products, gag/metabolism
- Gene Products, gag/pharmacology
- Gene Products, tat/genetics
- Gene Products, tat/metabolism
- HIV Core Protein p24/metabolism
- HIV Protease/metabolism
- HIV Protease Inhibitors/pharmacology
- HIV-1/drug effects
- HIV-1/physiology
- Humans
- Mice
- Mutation/genetics
- Oligopeptides/chemistry
- Oligopeptides/genetics
- Oligopeptides/pharmacology
- Peptide Fragments/chemistry
- Peptide Fragments/genetics
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Protein Precursors/chemistry
- Protein Precursors/genetics
- Protein Precursors/metabolism
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational/drug effects
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational/physiology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism
- Virion/drug effects
- Virion/physiology
- gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
- tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Misumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Misumi S, Takamune N, Ohtsubo Y, Waniguchi K, Shoji S. Zn2+ binding to cysteine-rich domain of extracellular human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Tat protein is associated with Tat protein-induced apoptosis. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2004; 20:297-304. [PMID: 15117453 DOI: 10.1089/088922204322996536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tat protein has several functional domains, one of which is the cysteine-rich domain that is a highly conserved region in spite of the presence of many subtypes of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Although the cysteine-rich domain is a potential site for Zn(2+) binding, it is controversial whether Zn(2+) is substantially essential for the structure and activities of the Tat protein. To study the significance of Zn(2+) in the cysteine-rich domain of the Tat protein particularly released to the extracellular space, we raised the monoclonal antibody (MAb) 5A4, which has an attractive property of recognizing the Zn(2+)-binding Tat(20-41) peptide but not the apo-Tat(20-41) peptide. MAb 5A4 inhibited the trans-activation of the HIV long terminal repeat (LTR) in HeLa-CD4-LTR/beta-gal cells induced by treatment with the recombinant Tat protein, indicating that MAb 5A4 can recognize the full-length Tat protein and inhibit its trans-activity. The antibody also inhibited the apoptosis of Jurkat cells induced by treatment with the released native-Tat-protein-containing supernatant from the culture of HIV-1(JRFL)-infected cells. These results suggest that Zn(2+), whose structure is closely associated with not only the trans-activation of HIV-LTR but also the induction of apoptosis, binds to the extracellular native Tat protein. The Zn(2+)-binding cysteine-rich domain therefore can be a molecular target in the development of an anti-Tat vaccine and agents for the control of extracellular-Tat-protein-mediated pathogenesis leading to the progression of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Misumi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Misumi S, Endo M, Mukai R, Tachibana K, Umeda M, Honda T, Takamune N, Shoji S. A novel cyclic peptide immunization strategy for preventing HIV-1/AIDS infection and progression. J Biol Chem 2003; 278:32335-43. [PMID: 12771150 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m301209200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel synthetic peptide immunogen targeting the human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) coreceptor CXCR4 was evaluated for its capacity to induce CXCR4-specific antibodies with anti-HIV-1 activity in BALB/c mice and cynomolgus monkeys. A cyclic closed-chain dodecapeptide mimicking the conformation-specific domain of CXCR4 (cDDX4) was prepared in which Gly-Asp, as the dipeptide forming a spacer arm, links the amino and carboxyl termini of the decapeptidyl linear chain (linear DDX4, Asn176 to Ile185) derived from the undecapeptidyl arch (UPA; Asn176 to Cys186) of extracellular loop 2 (ECL-2) in CXCR4. Immunization of BALB/c mice with cDDX4 conjugated with a multiple-antigen peptide (cDDX4-MAP) induced conformational epitope-specific antibodies, and monoclonal antibody IA2-F9 reacted with cDDX4, but not with linear DDX4, as determined by real-time biomolecular interaction analysis using surface plasmon resonance. The antibody also reacted with cells expressing CXCR4 but not with cells expressing the other HIV coreceptor, CCR5. Furthermore, the antibody inhibited the replication of HIV-1 X4 virus (using CXCR4), as shown by an infection assay using both MAGIC-5 cells and MT4 cells, but not that of HIV-1 R5 virus (using CCR5). The antibody weakly interfered with chemotaxis induced by stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha in THP-1 cells or moderately inhibited the chemotaxis of Molt4#8 cells under the same conditions. In addition, immunization of cynomolgus monkeys also induced cDDX4-specific antibodies with anti-HIV activity. Taken together, these results indicate that cDDX4 conjugated with a multi-antigen peptide induces the conformational epitope-specific antibodies to the undecapeptidyl arch of CXCR4 may be a novel candidate immunogen for preventing disease progression in HIV-1-infected individuals.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- AIDS Vaccines/administration & dosage
- AIDS Vaccines/chemistry
- AIDS Vaccines/immunology
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte
- Disease Progression
- Female
- HIV Infections/immunology
- HIV Infections/physiopathology
- HIV Infections/prevention & control
- HIV-1/physiology
- Macaca fascicularis
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Neutralization Tests
- Peptides, Cyclic/administration & dosage
- Peptides, Cyclic/chemistry
- Peptides, Cyclic/immunology
- Receptors, CCR5/chemistry
- Receptors, CCR5/physiology
- Receptors, CXCR4/chemistry
- Receptors, CXCR4/physiology
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
- Virus Replication
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Misumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Takamune N, Hamada H, Sugawara H, Misumi S, Shoji S. Development of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measurement of activity of myristoyl-coenzyme A:protein N-myristoyltransferase. Anal Biochem 2002; 309:137-42. [PMID: 12381372 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2697(02)00274-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Myristoyl-coenzyme A (CoA):protein N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) catalyzes the covalent attachment of myristate to the N-terminal glycine residue of various proteins. To develop a high-throughput assay for NMT, the principle of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is used, in which anti-N-myristoylglycine (anti-N-Myr-Gly) monoclonal antibody is utilized for the detection of the N-myristoylglycine moiety of the product of NMT catalysis. Enzyme-catalyzed reaction was performed using recombinant NMT expressed in Escherichia coli, myristoyl-CoA, and an octapeptide substrate that is biotinylated at its C terminus. The mixture of the products of the reaction was added to immunoplate wells precoated with anti-N-Myr-Gly monoclonal antibody. Then, the N-myristoyl-biotinylated octapeptide product was specifically captured by the antibody and stained with streptavidin-biotinylated peroxidase and tetramethylbenzidine substrate. This was followed by absorbance measurement (lambda(450)-lambda(630)). In this ELISA, the calibration curve showed a strong correlation between the concentration of the synthetic N-myristoyl-biotinylated octapeptide and the absorbance, indicating that this system may be useful for enzyme kinetics studies. Using this ELISA system, we assayed for serinal derivatives to determine their NMT inhibitory activity and found that serinal bisulfite inhibits yeast NMT activity. This is the first report of the measurement of NMT activity by the ELISA system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobutoki Takamune
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Misumi S, Fuchigami T, Takamune N, Takahashi I, Takama M, Shoji S. Three isoforms of cyclophilin A associated with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 were found by proteomics by using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. J Virol 2002; 76:10000-8. [PMID: 12208976 PMCID: PMC136499 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.76.19.10000-10008.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strain LAV-1 (HIV-1(LAV-1)) particles were collected by ultracentrifugation, treated with subtilisin, and then purified by Sepharose CL-4B column chromatography to remove microvesicles. The lysate of the purified HIV-1(LAV-1) particles was subjected to two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis and stained. The 2D gel electrophoresis image suggested that 24 proteins can be identified inside the virion. Furthermore, the stained protein spots were excised and digested with trypsin. The resulting peptide fragments were characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Peptide mass fingerprinting data suggested that two isoforms of cyclophilin A (CyPA), one with an isoelectric point (pI) of 6.40 and one with a pI of 6.53, are inside the viral membrane; that another isoform, with a pI of 6.88, is outside the viral membrane; and that the CyPA isoform with a pI of 6.53 is N acetylated. The mechanisms that permit the redistribution of CyPA on the viral surface have not yet been clarified, but it is surmised that the CyPA isoform with a pI of 6.88 may play a critical role in the attachment of virions to the surface of target cells and that both CyPA isoforms with pIs of 6.40 and 6.53 may regulate the conformation of the HIV-1 capsid protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Misumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Takamune N, Hamada H, Misumi S, Shoji S. Novel strategy for anti-HIV-1 action: selective cytotoxic effect of N-myristoyltransferase inhibitor on HIV-1-infected cells. FEBS Lett 2002; 527:138-42. [PMID: 12220649 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03199-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
N-myristoyltransferase (NMT) is essential for the survival of eukaryotes and the production of infectious human immunodeficiency virus type-1(HIV-1) by the host cell. In this study, we found decreases in the mRNA levels of human NMT isoforms and the NMT activities in the course of HIV-1 infection in the human T-cell line, CEM. Investigating the cytotoxic effect of the novel synthetic NMT inhibitors on the chronic HIV-1 infected T-cell line, CEM/LAV-1, and the uninfected CEM, revealed that the cytotoxic effect was significantly selective for CEM/LAV-1. This was thought to be due to the difference between the NMT levels of the cell lines. In this paper, we propose that NMT may be a candidate target for anti-HIV-1-infected-cell agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobutoki Takamune
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, 862-0973, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Fuchigami T, Misumi S, Takamune N, Takahashi I, Takama M, Shoji S. Acid-labile formylation of amino terminal proline of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 p24(gag) was found by proteomics using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2002; 293:1107-13. [PMID: 12051774 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-291x(02)00329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
HIV-1(LAV-1) particles were collected by ultracentrifugation, treated with subtilisin, and then purified by Sepharose CL-4B column chromatography to remove microvesicles. The lysate of the purified human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) particles was subjected to two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis and stained, and the stained spots were excised and digested with trypsin. The resulting peptide fragments were characterized by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Twenty-five proteins were identified as the proteins inside the virion and the acid-labile formyl group of an amino terminal proline residue of HIV-1(LAV-1) p24(gag) was determined by MALDI-TOF MS before and after weak-acid treatments (0.6 N hydrochloric acid) and confirmed by post-source decay (PSD) of the N-formylated N-terminal tryptic peptide (N-formylated Pro(1)-Arg(18)). The role of formylation has been unclear so far, but it is surmised that the acid-labile formylation of HIV-1(LAV-1) p24(gag) may play a critical role in the formation of the HIV-1 core for conferring HIV-1 infectivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Fuchigami
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Misumi S, Nakajima R, Takamune N, Shoji S. A cyclic dodecapeptide-multiple-antigen peptide conjugate from the undecapeptidyl arch (from Arg(168) to Cys(178)) of extracellular loop 2 in CCR5 as a novel human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vaccine. J Virol 2001; 75:11614-20. [PMID: 11689643 PMCID: PMC114748 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.75.23.11614-11620.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A cyclic closed-chain dodecapeptide (cDDR5) mimicking the conformation-specific domain of CCR5 was prepared in which Gly-Asp, as a dipeptide forming a spacer arm, links the amino and carboxyl termini of the decapeptidyl linear chain (Arg(168) to Thr(177)) derived from the undecapeptidyl arch (UPA; Arg(168) to Cys(178)) of extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) in CCR5. Novel monoclonal antibodies were raised against cDDR5 conjugated with a multiple-antigen peptide (cDDR5-MAP), and the purified antibody [KB8C12, immunoglobulin M(kappa)] reacted with cDDR5, but not with linear DDR5, in real-time biomolecular interaction analysis using surface plasmon resonance. The antibody also reacted with cells expressing CCR5, but not with cells expressing CXCR4, and the immunoreaction was competed by cDDR5-MAP. The antibody significantly interfered with chemotaxis induced by macrophage inflammatory protein, 1beta, and at a concentration of 1.67 nM it almost completely inhibited infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) R5, but not by HIV-1 X4, as observed by use of a new phenotypic assay for drug susceptibility of HIV-1 using the CCR5-expressing HeLa CD4(+) cell clone 1-10 (MAGIC-5). Furthermore, cDDR5-MAP suppressed infection by HIV-1 R5 at relatively high concentrations (50 to 400 microM) in a dose-dependent manner but did not suppress infection by HIV-1 X4. Taken together, these results indicate that the antibody is conformation specific and recognizes the conformation-specific domain of the UPA of ECL2. Moreover, both the antibody and its immunogen, the cDDR5-MAP conjugate, may be useful in developing a new candidate vaccine for HIV therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Misumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Takamune N, Tanaka T, Takeuchi H, Misumi S, Shoji S. Down-regulation of N-myristoyl transferase expression in human T-cell line CEM by human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection. FEBS Lett 2001; 506:81-4. [PMID: 11591376 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(01)02892-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study focuses on the expression level of N-myristoyl transferase (NMT) in the course of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection. HIV-1 structural proteins were gradually expressed during the process of infection of the human T-cell line CEM, whereas the expression levels of NMT subsequently decreased under the same conditions. In addition, the chronically HIV-1-infected T-cell line CEM/LAV-1 exhibited low expression levels of NMT. We hypothesize that the decrease in the expression level of NMT due to HIV-1 infection may be related to the virus' strategy that leads to its persistent replication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Takamune
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 5-1 Oe-Honmachi, 862-0973, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Misumi S, Takamune N, Ido Y, Hayashi S, Endo M, Mukai R, Tachibana K, Umeda M, Shoji S. Evidence as a HIV-1 self-defense vaccine of cyclic chimeric dodecapeptide warped from undecapeptidyl arch of extracellular loop 2 in both CCR5 and CXCR4. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 285:1309-16. [PMID: 11478800 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.5267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Novel conformation-specific antibodies were raised against a cyclic chimeric dodecapeptidyl multiple antigen peptide (cCD-MAP) constructed with a spacer-armed Gly-Asp dipeptide and two pentapeptides (S(169)-Q(170)-K(171)-E(172)-G(173) of CCR5 and E(179)-A(180)-D(181)-D(182)-R(183) of CXCR4) which are components of the undecapeptidyl arch (UPA: from R(168) to C(178) in CCR5, from N(176) to C(186) in CXCR4) of extracellular loop 2 (ECL2) in chemokine receptors (CCR5 and CXCR4). Of the antibodies raised, one monoclonal antibody, CPMAb-I (IgMkappa), reacted with cCD-MAP, but not with the linear chimeric dodecapeptide-MAP. The antibody reacted with the cells separately expressing CCR5 or CXCR4, but not with those not expressing the coreceptors. Moreover, the antibody markedly suppressed infection by X4, R5, or R5X4 virus in a dose-dependent manner in a new phenotypic assay for drug susceptibility of HIV-1 using CCR5-expressing Hela/CD4(+) cell clone 1-10 (MAGIC-5). Moreover, CPMAb-I interfered with LAV-1(BRU) infection (m.o.i. = 0.01) of Molt4#8 cells cocultured with CPMAb-I-producing hybridoma in the transwell, and significantly interfered with neither chemotaxis nor calcium influx induced with stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha (SDF-1alpha). Thus, the antibody raised against the cCD-MAP provides powerful protection or defense against HIV-1 infection. We therefore propose the cCD-MAP or its derivative immunogen as a novel candidate for an HIV-1 coreceptor-based self-defense vaccine.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- AIDS Vaccines/chemical synthesis
- AIDS Vaccines/immunology
- AIDS Vaccines/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/isolation & purification
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibody Specificity/immunology
- Binding, Competitive/immunology
- Biological Assay
- Cell Line
- Chemokines/metabolism
- Coculture Techniques
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Epitopes/immunology
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- HIV Infections/immunology
- HIV Infections/prevention & control
- HIV-1/immunology
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Peptides/chemical synthesis
- Peptides/immunology
- Peptides/metabolism
- Peptides, Cyclic/chemical synthesis
- Peptides, Cyclic/immunology
- Peptides, Cyclic/metabolism
- Protein Conformation
- Receptors, CCR5/chemistry
- Receptors, CCR5/immunology
- Receptors, CXCR4/chemistry
- Receptors, CXCR4/immunology
- Signal Transduction/immunology
- Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization
- Vaccines, Synthetic/chemistry
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Misumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
To test the anti-human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) activity of 3,6,9,12-tetraazatetradecane-1,14-diylbis(zinc dithiocarbamate)-S,S'-dioxide (cyclic zinc-dithiocarbamate-S, S'-dioxide), MAGI and MAGIC-5 cells were used; the former express CXCR4 and the latter express both CXCR4 and CCR5, which are HIV-1 coreceptors. The compound markedly inhibited HIV-1 X4 (CXCR4-using) viral replication in both MAGI and MAGIC-5 cells. On the other hand, the replication of HIV-1 R5X4 (both CXCR4-and CCR5-using) in MAGI cells but not MAGIC-5 cells was inhibited by the compound. The compound was found to specifically inhibit HIV-1 (X4) envelope-mediated cell-to-cell fusion, binding of anti-CXCR4 monoclonal antibody (12G5) to CXCR4 expressed on the surface of cells, and calcium flux induced by stromal-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha) bound to CXCR4. The results suggest that the compound inhibited CXCR4-mediated HIV-1 infection by influencing to the HIV-1 coreceptor activity of CXCR4.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cell Fusion/drug effects
- Cell Line
- Chemokine CCL5/pharmacology
- Chemokine CXCL12
- Chemokines, CXC/antagonists & inhibitors
- Chemokines, CXC/pharmacology
- Cyclic S-Oxides/chemistry
- Cyclic S-Oxides/pharmacology
- Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral/drug effects
- DNA, Viral/analysis
- DNA, Viral/genetics
- Flow Cytometry
- Giant Cells/drug effects
- Giant Cells/metabolism
- Giant Cells/pathology
- Giant Cells/virology
- HIV-1/drug effects
- HIV-1/genetics
- HIV-1/metabolism
- HIV-1/physiology
- Humans
- Inhibitory Concentration 50
- Organometallic Compounds/chemistry
- Organometallic Compounds/pharmacology
- Proviruses/drug effects
- Proviruses/genetics
- Receptors, CCR5/genetics
- Receptors, CCR5/immunology
- Receptors, CCR5/metabolism
- Receptors, CXCR4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR4/immunology
- Receptors, CXCR4/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Takamune
- Department of Biochemistry, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 862-0973, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Takamune N, Misumi S, Furuishi K, Shoji S. Blockage of HIV-1 Production through Inhibition of Proviral DNA Synthesis by N,O-Didecanoyl Serinal Dimethylacetal. IUBMB Life 1999. [DOI: 10.1080/152165499307026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|