1
|
Ghosh AK, Yadav M, Iddum S, Ghazi S, Lendy EK, Jayashankar U, Beechboard SN, Takamatsu Y, Hattori SI, Aamano M, Higashi-Kuwata N, Mitsuya H, Mesecar AD. Exploration of P1 and P4 modifications of nirmatrelvir: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and X-ray structural studies of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 267:116132. [PMID: 38335815 PMCID: PMC10964431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
We report the synthesis, biological evaluation, and X-ray structural studies of a series of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors based upon the X-ray crystal structure of nirmatrelvir, an FDA approved drug that targets the main protease of SARS-CoV-2. The studies involved examination of various P4 moieties, P1 five- and six-membered lactam rings to improve potency. In particular, the six-membered P1 lactam ring analogs exhibited high SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitory activity. Several compounds effectively blocked SARS-CoV-2 replication in VeroE6 cells. One of these compounds maintained good antiviral activity against variants of concern including Delta and Omicron variants. A high-resolution X-ray crystal structure of an inhibitor bound to SARS-CoV-2 Mpro was determined to gain insight into the ligand-binding properties in the Mpro active site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Monika Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Satyanarayana Iddum
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Somayeh Ghazi
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Emma K Lendy
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Uttara Jayashankar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Sydney N Beechboard
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Yuki Takamatsu
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Hattori
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Masayuki Aamano
- Department of Clinical Retrovirology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8655, Japan; Department of Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan; Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Andrew D Mesecar
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA; Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shimura M, Higashi-Kuwata N, Fujiwara A, Taniguchi M, Ichinose T, Hamano F, Uematsu M, Inoue T, Matsuyama S, Suzuki T, Ghosh AK, Shindou H, Shimuzu T, Mitsuya H. A lipid index for risk of hyperlipidemia caused by anti-retroviral drugs. Antiviral Res 2024; 223:105819. [PMID: 38272319 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
HIV-associated lipodystrophy has been reported in people taking anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Lipodystrophy can cause cardiovascular diseases, affecting the quality of life of HIV-infected individuals. In this study, we propose a pharmacological lipid index to estimate the risk of hyperlipidemia caused by anti-retroviral drugs. Lipid droplets were stained in cells treated with anti-retroviral drugs and cyclosporin A. Signal intensities of lipid droplets were plotted against the drug concentrations to obtain an isodose of 10 μM of cyclosporin A, which we call the Pharmacological Lipid Index (PLI). The PLI was then normalized by EC50. PLI/EC50 values were low in early proteinase inhibitors and the nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, d4T, indicating high risk of hyperlipidemia, which is consistent with previous findings of hyperlipidemia. In contrast, there are few reports of hyperlipidemia for drugs with high PLI/EC50 scores. Data suggests that PLI/EC50 is a useful index for estimating the risk of hyperlipidemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mari Shimura
- Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan; RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo, Japan.
| | - Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asuka Fujiwara
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mai Taniguchi
- Inorganic Analysis Laboratories, Toray Research Center, Inc., Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Takayuki Ichinose
- Inorganic Analysis Laboratories, Toray Research Center, Inc., Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Fumie Hamano
- Life Sciences Core Facility, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Lipid Signaling, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaaki Uematsu
- Department of Lipid Signaling, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takato Inoue
- Department of Materials Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsuyama
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo, Japan; Department of Materials Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Arun K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry & Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Hideo Shindou
- Department of Lipid Life Science, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Medical Lipid Science, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Shimuzu
- Department of Lipid Signaling, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan; Institute of Microbial Chemistry, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan; Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Center Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20893, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ghosh AK, Shahabi D, Imhoff MEC, Kovela S, Sharma A, Hattori SI, Higashi-Kuwata N, Mitsuya H, Mesecar AD. SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro) inhibitory and antiviral activity of small molecule derivatives for drug leads. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2023; 96:129489. [PMID: 37770002 PMCID: PMC10842477 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2023.129489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
We report here the synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of small molecule SARS-CoV-2 PLpro inhibitors. We compared the activity of selected compounds in both SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 PLpro inhibitory and antiviral assays. We have synthesized and evaluated several new structural variants of previous leads against SARS-CoV-2 PLpro. The replacement of the carboxamide functionality with sulfonamide derivatives resulted in PLpro inhibitors with potent PLpro inhibitory and antiviral activity in VeroE6 cells similar to GRL0617. To obtain molecular insight, we created an optimized model of a potent sulfonamide derivative in the SARS-CoV-2 PLpro active site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA.
| | - Dana Shahabi
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | | | - Satish Kovela
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Ashish Sharma
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Shin-Ichiro Hattori
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8655 Japan
| | - Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8655 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8655 Japan; Department of Clinical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto 860-8556 Japan; Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Andrew D Mesecar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Amano M, Otsu S, Uemura Y, Ichikawa Y, Matsumoto S, Higashi-Kuwata N, Matsushita S, Shimada S, Mitsuya H. Neutralization against Omicron sublineages (BA.2/BA.5/BQ.1.1/XBB/XBB.1.5) in bivalent BNT162b2-vaccinated HCWs with or without risk factors, or following BT infection with Omicron. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17404. [PMID: 37833390 PMCID: PMC10575932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2-BA.4/5-adapted-bivalent-BNT162b2-vaccine (bvBNT), developed in response to the recent emergence of immune-evasive Omicron-variants, has been given to individuals who completed at least 2-doses of the monovalent-BNT162b2-vaccine (mvBNT). In the present cohort study, we evaluated neutralization-titers (NT50s) against Wuhan-strain (SCoV2Wuhan) and Omicron-sublineages including BA.2/BA.5/BQ.1.1/XBB/XBB.1.5, and vaccine-elicited S1-binding-IgG in sera from participants-vaccinated with 5th-bvBNT following 4th-mvBNT. The 5th-bvBNT-dose elicited good protective-activity against SCoV2Wuhan with geometric-mean (gMean)-NT50 of 1966-2091, higher than the peak-values post-4th-mvBNT with no statistical significance, and favorable neutralization-activity against not only BA.5 but also BA.2, with ~ 3.2-/~ 2.2-fold greater gMean-NT50 compared to the peak-values post-4th-mvBNT-dose, in participants with or without risk factors. However, neutralization-activity of sera post-5th-bvBNT-dose was low against BQ.1.1/XBB/XBB.1.5. Interestingly, participants receiving bvBNT following breakthrough (BT) infection during Omicron-wave had significantly enhanced neutralization-activity against SCoV2Wuhan/BA.2/BA.5 with ~ 4.6-/~ 6.3-/~ 8.1-fold greater gMean-NT50, respectively, compared to uninfected participants receiving bvBNT. Sera from BT-infected-participants receiving bvBNT had enhanced neutralization-activity against BQ.1.1/XBB/XBB.1.5 by ~ 3.8-fold compared to those from the same participants post-4th-mvBNT-dose, and had enhanced gMean-NT50 ~ 5.4-fold greater compared to those of uninfected-participants' sera post-bvBNT. These results suggest that repeated stimulation brought about by exposure to BA.5's-Spike elicit favorable cross-neutralization-activity against various SARS-CoV-2-variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Amano
- Department of Clinical Retrovirology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Cyuou-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan.
| | - Sachiko Otsu
- Department of Clinical Retrovirology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Cyuou-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Yukari Uemura
- Department of Data Sciences, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuko Ichikawa
- Kumamoto General Hospital, Japan Community Healthcare Organization (JCHO), Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shota Matsumoto
- Kumamoto General Hospital, Japan Community Healthcare Organization (JCHO), Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Shuzo Matsushita
- Department of Clinical Retrovirology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Cyuou-ku, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Shinya Shimada
- Kumamoto General Hospital, Japan Community Healthcare Organization (JCHO), Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, NCGM Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tsuji K, Ishii T, Kobayakawa T, Higashi-Kuwata N, Shinohara K, Azuma C, Miura Y, Nakano H, Wada N, Hattori SI, Bulut H, Mitsuya H, Tamamura H. Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors Containing 4-Fluorobenzothiazole-2-carbonyl Moieties. J Med Chem 2023; 66:13516-13529. [PMID: 37756225 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
The main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is an attractive target for the development of drugs to treat COVID-19. Here, we report the design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of highly potent SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors including TKB245 (5)/TKB248 (6). Since we have previously developed Mpro inhibitors (3) and (4), several hybrid molecules of these previous compounds combined with nirmatrelvir (1) were designed and synthesized. Compounds such as TKB245 (5) and TKB248 (6), containing a 4-fluorobenzothiazole moiety at the P1' site, are highly effective in the blockade of SARS-CoV-2 replication in VeroE6 cells. Replacement of the P1-P2 amide with the thioamide surrogate in TKB248 (6) improved its PK profile in mice compared to that of TKB245 (5). A new diversity-oriented synthetic route to TKB245 (5) derivatives was also developed. The results of the SAR studies suggest that TKB245 (5) and TKB248 (6) are useful lead compounds for the further development of Mpro inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Tsuji
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishii
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Takuya Kobayakawa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Kouki Shinohara
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Chika Azuma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Yutaro Miura
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nakano
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Naoya Wada
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Hattori
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Haydar Bulut
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tamamura
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aoki M, Aoki-Ogata H, Bulut H, Hayashi H, Takamune N, Kishimoto N, Tanaka H, Higashi-Kuwata N, Hattori SI, Das D, Venkateswara Rao K, Iwama K, Davis DA, Hasegawa K, Murayama K, Yarchoan R, Ghosh AK, Pau AK, Machida S, Misumi S, Mitsuya H. GRL-142 binds to and impairs HIV-1 integrase nuclear localization signal and potently suppresses highly INSTI-resistant HIV-1 variants. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eadg2955. [PMID: 37436982 PMCID: PMC10337902 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg2955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear localization signal (NLS) of HIV-1 integrase (IN) is implicated in nuclear import of HIV-1 preintegration complex (PIC). Here, we established a multiclass drug-resistant HIV-1 variant (HIVKGD) by consecutively exposing an HIV-1 variant to various antiretroviral agents including IN strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs). HIVKGD was extremely susceptible to a previously reported HIV-1 protease inhibitor, GRL-142, with IC50 of 130 femtomolar. When cells were exposed to HIVKGD IN-containing recombinant HIV in the presence of GRL-142, significant decrease of unintegrated 2-LTR circular cDNA was observed, suggesting that nuclear import of PIC was severely compromised by GRL-142. X-ray crystallographic analyses revealed that GRL-142 interacts with NLS's putative sequence (DQAEHLK) and sterically blocks the nuclear transport of GRL-142-bound HIVKGD's PIC. Highly INSTI-resistant HIV-1 variants isolated from heavily INSTI-experienced patients proved to be susceptible to GRL-142, suggesting that NLS-targeting agents would serve as salvage therapy agents for highly INSTI-resistant variant-harboring individuals. The data should offer a new modality to block HIV-1 infectivity and replication and shed light on developing NLS inhibitors for AIDS therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Aoki
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Medical Technology, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Aoki-Ogata
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haydar Bulut
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hironori Hayashi
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of infectious Diseases, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Nobutoki Takamune
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Kishimoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanaka
- Department of Structural Virology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Hattori
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Debananda Das
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Kazuya Iwama
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of infectious Diseases, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - David A Davis
- Viral Oncology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kazuya Hasegawa
- Structural Biology Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Murayama
- Division of Biomedical Measurements and Diagnostics, Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Robert Yarchoan
- Viral Oncology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Arun K Ghosh
- Departments of Chemistry and Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Alice K Pau
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shinichi Machida
- Department of Structural Virology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kumamoto H, Higashi-Kuwata N, Hayashi S, Das D, Bulut H, Tokuda R, Imoto S, Onitsuka K, Honda Y, Odanaka Y, Shimbara-Matsubayashi S, Haraguchi K, Tanaka Y, Mitsuya H. Synthesis of novel entecavir analogues having 4'-cyano-6''-fluoromethylenecyclopentene skeletons as an aglycone moiety as highly potent and long-acting anti-hepatitis B virus agent. RSC Adv 2023; 13:15999-16011. [PMID: 37265996 PMCID: PMC10230191 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01750h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Encouraged by our recent findings that 4'-cyano-deoxyguanosine (2), entecavir analogues 4 and 5 are highly potent anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) agents, we designed and synthesized 6 having a hybridized structure of 4 and 5. The chiral quaternary carbon portion at the 4'-position, which is substituted by cyano- and 5'-hydroxymethyl groups, was stereospecifically constructed by radical-mediated 5-exo-dig mode cyclization of 10. The introduction of the fluorine atom into the 6''-position was achieved by radical-mediated stannylation of sulfide (E)-11 and subsequent electrophilic fluorination of (E)-12. The desired (E)-6 was obtained after the introduction of the guanine base into (E)-18 under Mitsunobu conditions and following global deprotection. The stereoisomer (Z)-6 was also prepared by the same procedure using (Z)-12. Compound (E)-6 showed highly potent anti-HBV activity (EC50 = 1.2 nM) with favorable cytotoxicity (CC50 = 93 μM).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kumamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University Saitama Japan
| | - Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata
- Department of Refractory Viral Infection, National Center for Global Health & Medicine Research Institute Tokyo Japan
| | - Sanae Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Debananda Das
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Haydar Bulut
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
| | - Ryoh Tokuda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Shuhei Imoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Kengo Onitsuka
- Department of Refractory Viral Infection, National Center for Global Health & Medicine Research Institute Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuka Honda
- School of Pharmacy, Showa University Tokyo Japan
| | - Yuki Odanaka
- School of Pharmacy, Showa University Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Kazuhiro Haraguchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University Saitama Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University Kumamoto Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Infection, National Center for Global Health & Medicine Research Institute Tokyo Japan
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health Bethesda MD USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital Kumamoto Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Takamatsu Y, Hayashi S, Kumamoto H, Imoto S, Tanaka Y, Mitsuya H, Higashi-Kuwata N. A novel anti-HBV agent, E-CFCP, restores Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced senescence-associated cellular marker perturbation in human hepatocytes. Virus Res 2023; 329:199094. [PMID: 36933835 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023]
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a cellular state with a broad spectrum of age-related physiological conditions that can be affected by various infectious diseases and treatments. Therapy of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection with nucleos(t)ide analogs [NA(s)] is well established and benefits many HBV-infected patients, but requires long-term, perhaps lifelong, medication. In addition to the effects of HBV infection, the effects of NA administration on hepatocellular senescence are still unclear. This study investigated how HBV infection and NA treatment influence cellular senescence in human hepatocytes and humanized-liver chimeric mice chronically infected with live HBV. HBV infection upregulates or downregulates multiple cellular markers including senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity and cell cycle regulatory proteins (e.g., p21CIP1) expression level in hepatocellular nuclei and humanized-mice liver. A novel highly potent anti-HBV NA, E-CFCP, per se did not have significant disturbance on markers evaluated. Besides, E-CFCP treatment restored HBV-infected cells to their physiological phenotypes that are comparable to the HBV-uninfected cells. The results reported here demonstrate that, regardless of the mechanism(s), chronic HBV infection perturbates multiple senescence-associated markers in human hepatocytes and humanized-mice liver, but E-CFCP can restore this phenomenon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takamatsu
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8655 Japan
| | - Sanae Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo, Kumamoto, 860-8556 Japan; Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Hiroki Kumamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, 10281 Komuro, lna-machi, Kitaadachi-gun, Saitama, 362-0806 Japan
| | - Shuhei Imoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi, Kumamoto 860-0082 Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo, Kumamoto, 860-8556 Japan; Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho, Nagoya, 467-8601 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8655 Japan; Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Room 5A11, Bethesda, MD 20892-1868 USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo, Kumamoto, 860-8556 Japan
| | - Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo, 162-8655 Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Higashi-Kuwata N, Tsuji K, Hayashi H, Bulut H, Kiso M, Imai M, Ogata-Aoki H, Ishii T, Kobayakawa T, Nakano K, Takamune N, Kishimoto N, Hattori SI, Das D, Uemura Y, Shimizu Y, Aoki M, Hasegawa K, Suzuki S, Nishiyama A, Saruwatari J, Shimizu Y, Sukenaga Y, Takamatsu Y, Tsuchiya K, Maeda K, Yoshimura K, Iida S, Ozono S, Suzuki T, Okamura T, Misumi S, Kawaoka Y, Tamamura H, Mitsuya H. Identification of SARS-CoV-2 M pro inhibitors containing P1' 4-fluorobenzothiazole moiety highly active against SARS-CoV-2. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1076. [PMID: 36841831 PMCID: PMC9958325 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36729-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 has continually been serious threat to public health worldwide. While a few anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics are currently available, their antiviral potency is not sufficient. Here, we identify two orally available 4-fluoro-benzothiazole-containing small molecules, TKB245 and TKB248, which specifically inhibit the enzymatic activity of main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 and significantly more potently block the infectivity and replication of various SARS-CoV-2 strains than nirmatrelvir, molnupiravir, and ensitrelvir in cell-based assays employing various target cells. Both compounds also block the replication of Delta and Omicron variants in human-ACE2-knocked-in mice. Native mass spectrometric analysis reveals that both compounds bind to dimer Mpro, apparently promoting Mpro dimerization. X-ray crystallographic analysis shows that both compounds bind to Mpro's active-site cavity, forming a covalent bond with the catalytic amino acid Cys-145 with the 4-fluorine of the benzothiazole moiety pointed to solvent. The data suggest that TKB245 and TKB248 might serve as potential therapeutics for COVID-19 and shed light upon further optimization to develop more potent and safer anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Tsuji
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Hayashi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Haydar Bulut
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Maki Kiso
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Imai
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ogata-Aoki
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Takahiro Ishii
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Kobayakawa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenta Nakano
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutoki Takamune
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Kishimoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Hattori
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Debananda Das
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yukari Uemura
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Shimizu
- Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Aoki
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kazuya Hasegawa
- Structural Biology Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Suzuki
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Akie Nishiyama
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Junji Saruwatari
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yukiko Shimizu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Sukenaga
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Takamatsu
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Tsuchiya
- AIDS Clinical Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shun Iida
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiya Ozono
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okamura
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,The Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Hirokazu Tamamura
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan. .,Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Tsuji K, Kobayakawa T, Ishii T, Higashi-Kuwata N, Azuma C, Shinohara K, Miura Y, Yamamoto K, Nishimura S, Hattori SI, Bulut H, Mitsuya H, Tamamura H. Exploratory Studies of Effective Inhibitors against the SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease by Halogen Incorporation and Amide Bond Replacement. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2023; 71:879-886. [PMID: 38044140 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c23-00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
In the development of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) drugs, its main protease (Mpro), which is an essential enzyme for viral replication, is a promising target. To date, the Mpro inhibitors, nirmatrelvir and ensitrelvir, have been clinically developed by Pfizer Inc. and Shionogi & Co., Ltd., respectively, as orally administrable drugs to treat coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19). We have also developed several potent inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro that include compounds 4, 5, TKB245 (6), and TKB248 (7), which possesses a 4-fluorobenzothiazole ketone moiety as a reactive warhead. In compounds 5 and TKB248 (7) we have also found that replacement of the P1-P2 amide of compounds 4 and TKB245 (6) with the corresponding thioamide improved their pharmacokinetics (PK) profile in mice. Here, we report the design, synthesis and evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors with replacement of a digestible amide bond by surrogates (9-11, 33, and 34) and introduction of fluorine atoms in a metabolically reactive methyl group on the indole moiety (8). As the results, these compounds showed comparable or less potency compared to the corresponding parent compounds, YH-53/5h (2) and 4. These results should provide useful information for further development of Mpro inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Tsuji
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Takuya Kobayakawa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Takahiro Ishii
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute
| | - Chika Azuma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Kouki Shinohara
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Yutaro Miura
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Kenichi Yamamoto
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Soshi Nishimura
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Shin-Ichiro Hattori
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute
| | - Haydar Bulut
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital
| | - Hirokazu Tamamura
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ishibane M, Hashimoto H, Kaneko M, Saito S, Pae S, Saito S, Reien Y, Hirayama Y, Higashi-Kuwata N, Mitsuya H, Anzai N. Effects of a novel hepatitis B anti-viral drug E-CFCP in renal organic acid transporters. J Pharmacol Sci 2022; 150:201-203. [PMID: 36344041 PMCID: PMC10722831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the emergence of drug resistance is an important issue in the treatment of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Recently, our collaborating group developed a novel long-acting anti-HBV drug, E-CFCP. However, until this study, the effects of E-CFCP in the kidney have remained unclarified. Using cell viability and uptake assays, we examined the effects of E-CFCP on the function of renal organic anion transporters (OATs). No cytotoxicity was shown related to the E-CFCP in the renal OATs in either assay. Thus, this study suggested that E-CFCP may be a novel, excellent candidate drug for the treatment of drug-resistant HBV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Misaki Ishibane
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Hashimoto
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Meika Kaneko
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Shota Saito
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Sangjon Pae
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Shinpei Saito
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yoshie Reien
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yuri Hirayama
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health & Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health & Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Naohiko Anzai
- Department of Pharmacology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo, Chiba 260-8670, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tsuji K, Ishii T, Kobayakawa T, Higashi-Kuwata N, Azuma C, Nakayama M, Onishi T, Nakano H, Wada N, Hori M, Shinohara K, Miura Y, Kawada T, Hayashi H, Hattori SI, Bulut H, Das D, Takamune N, Kishimoto N, Saruwatari J, Okamura T, Nakano K, Misumi S, Mitsuya H, Tamamura H. Potent and biostable inhibitors of the main protease of SARS-CoV-2. iScience 2022; 25:105365. [PMID: 36338434 PMCID: PMC9623849 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Potent and biostable inhibitors of the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 were designed and synthesized based on an active hit compound 5h (2). Our strategy was based not only on the introduction of fluorine atoms into the inhibitor molecule for an increase of binding affinity for the pocket of Mpro and cell membrane permeability but also on the replacement of the digestible amide bond by a surrogate structure to increase the biostability of the compounds. Compound 3 is highly potent and blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro without a viral breakthrough. The derivatives, which contain a thioamide surrogate in the P2-P1 amide bond of these compounds (2 and 3), showed remarkably preferable pharmacokinetics in mice compared with the corresponding parent compounds. These data show that compounds 3 and its biostable derivative 4 are potential drugs for treating COVID-19 and that replacement of the digestible amide bond by its thioamide surrogate structure is an effective method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Tsuji
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishii
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Takuya Kobayakawa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Chika Azuma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Miyuki Nakayama
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Takato Onishi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nakano
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Naoya Wada
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Miki Hori
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Kouki Shinohara
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Yutaro Miura
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Takuma Kawada
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Hironori Hayashi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8572, Japan
| | - Shin-ichiro Hattori
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Haydar Bulut
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Debananda Das
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nobutoki Takamune
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Naoki Kishimoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Junji Saruwatari
- Division of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okamura
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Kenta Nakano
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tamamura
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Amano M, Otsu S, Ichikawa Y, Higashi-Kuwata N, Matsushita S, Shimada S, Mitsuya H. Restoration of Neutralization Activity Against Omicron BA.2 and BA.5 in Older Adults and Individuals With Risk Factors Following the Fourth Dose of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 BNT162b2 Vaccine. J Infect Dis 2022; 227:161-163. [PMID: 36134611 PMCID: PMC9619461 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Amano
- Department of Clinical Retrovirology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Sachiko Otsu
- Department of Clinical Retrovirology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuko Ichikawa
- Kumamoto Ganeral Hospital, Japan Community Health Care Organization, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuzo Matsushita
- Department of Clinical Retrovirology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Shinya Shimada
- Kumamoto Ganeral Hospital, Japan Community Health Care Organization, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Correspondence: Hiroaki Mitsuya, MD, PhD, Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan ()
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hayashi S, Isogawa M, Kawashima K, Ito K, Chuaypen N, Morine Y, Shimada M, Higashi-Kuwata N, Watanabe T, Tangkijvanich P, Mitsuya H, Tanaka Y. Droplet digital PCR assay provides intrahepatic HBV cccDNA quantification tool for clinical application. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2133. [PMID: 35136096 PMCID: PMC8826402 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05882-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The persistence of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) poses a major obstacle to curing chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Here, we used droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) for cccDNA quantitation. The cccDNA-specific ddPCR showed high accuracy with the dynamic range of cccDNA detection from 101 to 105 copies/assay. The ddPCR had higher sensitivity, specificity and precisely than qPCR. The results of ddPCR correlated closely with serum HB core-related antigen and HB surface antigen (HBsAg) in 24 HBV-infected human-liver-chimeric mice (PXB-mice). We demonstrated that in 2 PXB-mice after entecavir treatment, the total cccDNA content did not change during liver repopulation, although the cccDNA content per hepatocyte was reduced after the treatment. In the 6 patients with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma, ddPCR detected cccDNA in both tumor and non-tumor tissues. In 13 HBeAg-negative CHB patients with pegylated interferon alpha-2a, cccDNA contents from paired biopsies were more significantly reduced in virological response (VR) than in non-VR at week 48 (p = 0.0051). Interestingly, cccDNA levels were the lowest in VR with HBsAg clearance but remained detectable after the treatment. Collectively, ddPCR revealed that cccDNA content is stable during hepatocyte proliferation and persists at quantifiable levels, even after serum HBsAg clearance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Hayashi
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Masanori Isogawa
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Keigo Kawashima
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kyoko Ito
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Natthaya Chuaypen
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yuji Morine
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Shimada
- Department of Surgery, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehisa Watanabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Pisit Tangkijvanich
- Center of Excellence in Hepatitis and Liver Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology and Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan. .,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ghosh AK, Raghavaiah J, Shahabi D, Yadav M, Anson BJ, Lendy EK, Hattori SI, Higashi-Kuwata N, Mitsuya H, Mesecar AD. Indole Chloropyridinyl Ester-Derived SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro Inhibitors: Enzyme Inhibition, Antiviral Efficacy, Structure-Activity Relationship, and X-ray Structural Studies. J Med Chem 2021; 64:14702-14714. [PMID: 34528437 PMCID: PMC8457330 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report the synthesis, structure-activity relationship studies, enzyme inhibition, antiviral activity, and X-ray crystallographic studies of 5-chloropyridinyl indole carboxylate derivatives as a potent class of SARS-CoV-2 chymotrypsin-like protease inhibitors. Compound 1 exhibited a SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitory IC50 value of 250 nM and an antiviral EC50 value of 2.8 μM in VeroE6 cells. Remdesivir, an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor, showed an antiviral EC50 value of 1.2 μM in the same assay. Compound 1 showed comparable antiviral activity with remdesivir in immunocytochemistry assays. Compound 7d with an N-allyl derivative showed the most potent enzyme inhibitory IC50 value of 73 nM. To obtain molecular insight into the binding properties of these molecules, X-ray crystal structures of compounds 2, 7b, and 9d-bound to SARS-CoV 3CLpro were determined, and their binding properties were compared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun K. Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Jakka Raghavaiah
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Dana Shahabi
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Monika Yadav
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Brandon J. Anson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Emma K. Lendy
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Shin-ichiro Hattori
- Departments of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata
- Departments of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Departments of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University School of Medicine, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Andrew D. Mesecar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Higashi-Kuwata N, Hayashi S, Kumamoto H, Ogata-Aoki H, Das D, Venzon D, Hattori SI, Bulut H, Hashimoto M, Otagiri M, Takamune N, Kishimoto N, Davis DA, Misumi S, Kakuni M, Tanaka Y, Mitsuya H. Identification of a novel long-acting 4'-modified nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor against HBV. J Hepatol 2021; 74:1075-1086. [PMID: 33333207 PMCID: PMC9703152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS While certain nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) are efficacious in treating HBV infection, their effects are yet to be optimized and the emergence of NRTI-resistant HBV variants is an issue because of the requirement for lifelong treatment. The development of agents that more profoundly suppress wild-type and drug-resistant HBVs, and that have a long-acting effect, are crucial to improve patient outcomes. METHODS Herein, we synthesized a novel long-acting 4'-modified NRTI termed E-CFCP. We tested its anti-HBV activity in vitro, before evaluating its anti-HBV activity in HBV-infected human-liver-chimeric mice (PXB-mice). E-CFCP's long-acting features and E-CFCP-triphosphate's interactions with the HBV reverse transcriptase (HBV-RT) were examined. RESULTS E-CFCP potently blocked HBVWTD1 production (IC50qPCR_cell=1.8 nM) in HepG2.2.15 cells and HBVWTC2 (IC50SB_cell=0.7 nM), entecavir (ETV)-resistant HBVETV-RL180M/S202G/M204V (IC50SB_cell=77.5 nM), and adefovir-resistant HBVADV-RA181T/N236T production (IC50SB_cell=14.1 nM) in Huh7 cells. E-CFCP profoundly inhibited intracellular HBV DNA production to below the detection limit, but ETV and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) failed to do so. E-CFCP also showed less toxicity than ETV and TAF. E-CFCP better penetrated hepatocytes and was better tri-phosphorylated; E-CFCP-triphosphate persisted intracellularly for longer than ETV-triphosphate. Once-daily peroral E-CFCP administration over 2 weeks (0.02~0.2 mg/kg/day) reduced HBVWTC2-viremia by 2-3 logs in PXB-mice without significant toxicities and the reduction persisted over 1-3 weeks following treatment cessation, suggesting once-weekly dosing capabilities. E-CFCP also reduced HBVETV-RL180M/S202G/M204V-viremia by 2 logs over 2 weeks, while ETV completely failed to reduce HBVETV-RL180M/S202G/M204V-viremia. E-CFCP's 4'-cyano and fluorine interact with both HBVWT-RT and HBVETV-RL180M/S202G-M204 -RT via Van der Waals and polar forces, being important for E-CFCP-triphosphate's interactions and anti-HBV potency. CONCLUSION E-CFCP represents the first reported potential long-acting NRTI with potent activity against wild-type and treatment-resistant HBV. LAY SUMMARY Although there are currently effective treatment options for HBV, treatment-resistant variants and the need for lifelong therapy pose a significant challenge. Therefore, the development of new treatment options is crucial to improve outcomes and quality of life. Herein, we report preclinical evidence showing that the anti-HBV agent, E-CFCP, has potent activity against wild-type and treatment-resistant variants. In addition, once-weekly oral dosing may be possible, which is preferrable to the current daily dosing regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health & Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sanae Hayashi
- Department of Virology & Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kumamoto
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ogata-Aoki
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health & Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Debananda Das
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shin-Ichiro Hattori
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health & Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haydar Bulut
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mai Hashimoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaki Otagiri
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sojo University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Nobutoki Takamune
- Kumamoto Innovative Development Organization, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Kishimoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - David A Davis
- Viral Oncology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology & Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health & Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Maeda K, Higashi-Kuwata N, Kinoshita N, Kutsuna S, Tsuchiya K, Hattori SI, Matsuda K, Takamatsu Y, Gatanaga H, Oka S, Sugiyama H, Ohmagari N, Mitsuya H. Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 with IgG from COVID-19-convalescent plasma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5563. [PMID: 33692457 PMCID: PMC7946899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84733-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
While there are various attempts to administer COVID-19-convalescent plasmas to SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, neither appropriate approach nor clinical utility has been established. We examined the presence and temporal changes of the neutralizing activity of IgG fractions from 43 COVID-19-convalescent plasmas using cell-based assays with multiple endpoints. IgG fractions from 27 cases (62.8%) had significant neutralizing activity and moderately to potently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in cell-based assays; however, no detectable neutralizing activity was found in 16 cases (37.2%). Approximately half of the patients (~ 41%), who had significant neutralizing activity, lost the neutralization activity within ~ 1 month. Despite the rapid decline of neutralizing activity in plasmas, good amounts of SARS-CoV-2-S1-binding antibodies were persistently seen. The longer exposure of COVID-19 patients to greater amounts of SARS-CoV-2 elicits potent immune response to SARS-CoV-2, producing greater neutralization activity and SARS-CoV-2-S1-binding antibody amounts. The dilution of highly-neutralizing plasmas with poorly-neutralizing plasmas relatively readily reduced neutralizing activity. The presence of good amounts of SARS-CoV-2-S1-binding antibodies does not serve as a surrogate ensuring the presence of good neutralizing activity. In selecting good COVID-19-convalescent plasmas, quantification of neutralizing activity in each plasma sample before collection and use is required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Maeda
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM) Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM) Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Kutsuna
- Disease Control and Prevention Center (DCC), NCGM, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Shin-Ichiro Hattori
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM) Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouki Matsuda
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM) Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Takamatsu
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM) Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Norio Ohmagari
- Disease Control and Prevention Center (DCC), NCGM, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine (NCGM) Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hattori SI, Higashi-Kuwata N, Hayashi H, Allu SR, Raghavaiah J, Bulut H, Das D, Anson BJ, Lendy EK, Takamatsu Y, Takamune N, Kishimoto N, Murayama K, Hasegawa K, Li M, Davis DA, Kodama EN, Yarchoan R, Wlodawer A, Misumi S, Mesecar AD, Ghosh AK, Mitsuya H. A small molecule compound with an indole moiety inhibits the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 and blocks virus replication. Nat Commun 2021; 12:668. [PMID: 33510133 PMCID: PMC7843602 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Except remdesivir, no specific antivirals for SARS-CoV-2 infection are currently available. Here, we characterize two small-molecule-compounds, named GRL-1720 and 5h, containing an indoline and indole moiety, respectively, which target the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro). We use VeroE6 cell-based assays with RNA-qPCR, cytopathic assays, and immunocytochemistry and show both compounds to block the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 with EC50 values of 15 ± 4 and 4.2 ± 0.7 μM for GRL-1720 and 5h, respectively. Remdesivir permitted viral breakthrough at high concentrations; however, compound 5h completely blocks SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro without viral breakthrough or detectable cytotoxicity. Combination of 5h and remdesivir exhibits synergism against SARS-CoV-2. Additional X-ray structural analysis show that 5h forms a covalent bond with Mpro and makes polar interactions with multiple active site amino acid residues. The present data suggest that 5h might serve as a lead Mpro inhibitor for the development of therapeutics for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ichiro Hattori
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Hayashi
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of infectious Diseases, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Srinivasa Rao Allu
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jakka Raghavaiah
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Haydar Bulut
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Debananda Das
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brandon J Anson
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Emma K Lendy
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Yuki Takamatsu
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutoki Takamune
- Kumamoto Innovative Development Organization, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Kishimoto
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Murayama
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kazuya Hasegawa
- Protein Crystal Analysis Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Mi Li
- Protein Structure Section, Center for Structural Biology, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - David A Davis
- Viral Oncology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Eiichi N Kodama
- Department of infectious Diseases, International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Medicine and Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Robert Yarchoan
- Viral Oncology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Alexander Wlodawer
- Protein Structure Section, Center for Structural Biology, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Andrew D Mesecar
- Department of Biochemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Arun K Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ghosh AK, Grillo A, Raghavaiah J, Kovela S, Johnson ME, Kneller DW, Wang YF, Hattori SI, Higashi-Kuwata N, Weber IT, Mitsuya H. Design, Synthesis, and X-ray Studies of Potent HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with P2-Carboxamide Functionalities. ACS Med Chem Lett 2020; 11:1965-1972. [PMID: 33062180 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.9b00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and X-ray structural studies are reported for a series of highly potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors. The inhibitors incorporated stereochemically defined amide-based bicyclic and tricyclic ether derivatives as the P2 ligands with (R)-hydroxyethylaminesulfonamide transition-state isosteres. A number of inhibitors showed excellent HIV-1 protease inhibitory and antiviral activity; however, ligand combination is critical for potency. Inhibitor 4h with a difluorophenylmethyl as the P1 ligand, crown-THF-derived acetamide as the P2 ligand, and a cyclopropylaminobenzothiazole P2'-ligand displayed very potent antiviral activity and maintained excellent antiviral activity against selected multidrug-resistant HIV-1 variants. A high resolution X-ray structure of inhibitor 4h-bound HIV-1 protease provided molecular insight into the binding properties of the new inhibitor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arun K. Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and ⊥Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Alessandro Grillo
- Department of Chemistry and ⊥Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jakka Raghavaiah
- Department of Chemistry and ⊥Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Satish Kovela
- Department of Chemistry and ⊥Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Megan E. Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and ⊥Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Daniel W. Kneller
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Yuan-Fang Wang
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Shin-ichiro Hattori
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
| | - Irene T. Weber
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, United States
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hayashi S, Higashi-Kuwata N, Das D, Tomaya K, Yamada K, Murakami S, Venzon DJ, Hattori SI, Isogawa M, Sarafianos SG, Mitsuya H, Tanaka Y. 7-Deaza-7-fluoro modification confers on 4'-cyano-nucleosides potent activity against entecavir/adefovir-resistant HBV variants and favorable safety. Antiviral Res 2020; 176:104744. [PMID: 32084506 PMCID: PMC7164687 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We designed, synthesized and identified a novel nucleoside derivative, 4'-C-cyano-7-deaza-7-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine (CdFA), which exerts potent anti-HBV activity (IC50 ~26 nM) with favorable hepatocytotoxicity (CC50 ~56 μM). Southern blot analysis using wild-type HBV (HBVWT)-encoding-plasmid-transfected HepG2 cells revealed that CdFA efficiently suppresses the production of HBVWT (IC50 = 153.7 nM), entecavir (ETV)-resistant HBV carrying L180M/S202G/M204V substitutions (HBVETVR; IC50 = 373.2 nM), and adefovir dipivoxil (ADV)-resistant HBV carrying A181T/N236T substitutions (HBVADVR; IC50=192.6 nM), whereas ETV and ADV were less potent against HBVETVR and HBVADVR (IC50: >1,000 and 4,022.5 nM, respectively). Once-daily peroral administration of CdFA to human-liver-chimeric mice over 14 days (1 mg/kg/day) comparably blocked HBVWT and HBVETVR viremia by 0.7 and 1.2 logs, respectively, without significant changes in body-weight or serum human-albumin levels, although ETV only slightly suppressed HBVETVR viremia (CdFA vs ETV; p = 0.032). Molecular modeling suggested that ETV-TP has good nonpolar interactions with HBVWT reverse transcriptase (RTWT)'s Met204 and Asp205, while CdFA-TP fails to interact with Met204, in line with the relatively inferior activity against HBVWT of CdFA compared to ETV (IC50: 0.026 versus 0.003 nM). In contrast, the 4'-cyano of CdFA-TP forms good nonpolar contacts with RTWT's Leu180 and RTETVR's Met180, while ETV-TP loses interactions with RTETVR's Met180, explaining in part why ETV is less potent against HBVETVR than CdFA. The present results show that CdFA exerts potent activity against HBVWT, HBVETVR and HBVADVR with enhanced safety and that 7-deaza-7-fluoro modification confers potent activity against drug-resistant HBV variants and favorable safety, shedding light to further design more potent and safer anti-HBV nucleoside analogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanae Hayashi
- Department of Virology & Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health & Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Debananda Das
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kota Tomaya
- Biochemicals Division, Yamasa Corporation, Choshi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kohei Yamada
- Biochemicals Division, Yamasa Corporation, Choshi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shuko Murakami
- Department of Virology & Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - David J Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shin-Ichiro Hattori
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health & Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Isogawa
- Department of Virology & Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Stefan G Sarafianos
- Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Infections, National Center for Global Health & Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Clinical Sciences, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology & Liver Unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Imoto S, Onitsuka K, Yamaguchi K, Tokuda R, Higashi-Kuwata N, Kuwahara S, Kumamoto H, Maeda K, Haraguchi K, Mitsuya H. Design and Synthesis of 4'-Cyano Dideoxy Isonucleosides and Their Activity against HIV-1 and HBV. HETEROCYCLES 2020. [DOI: 10.3987/com-20-14312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
22
|
Kohgo S, Imoto S, Tokuda R, Takamatsu Y, Higashi-Kuwata N, Aoki M, Amano M, Kansui H, Onitsuka K, Maeda K, Mitsuya H. Synthesis of 4′-Substituted Purine 2′-Deoxynucleosides and Their Activity against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Hepatitis B Virus. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201800527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Kohgo
- Department of Refractory Viral Infection; National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute; 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku Tokyo 162-8655 Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sojo University; 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku Kumamoto 860-0082 Japan
| | - Shuhei Imoto
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sojo University; 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku Kumamoto 860-0082 Japan
| | - Ryoh Tokuda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sojo University; 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku Kumamoto 860-0082 Japan
| | - Yuki Takamatsu
- Experimental Retrovirology Section; HIV & AIDS Malignancy Branch; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; 10 Center Drive Room 5 A11 - MSC 1868 Bethesda MD 20892-1868 USA
| | - Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata
- Department of Refractory Viral Infection; National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute; 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku Tokyo 162-8655 Japan
- Departments of Hematology; Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases; Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Honjo, Chuou-ku; Kumamoto 860-8556 Japan
| | - Manabu Aoki
- Experimental Retrovirology Section; HIV & AIDS Malignancy Branch; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; 10 Center Drive Room 5 A11 - MSC 1868 Bethesda MD 20892-1868 USA
- Departments of Hematology; Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases; Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Honjo, Chuou-ku; Kumamoto 860-8556 Japan
- Department of Medical Technology; Kumamoto Health Science University; 325 Izumi-cho, Kita-ku Kumamoto 861-5598 Japan
| | - Masayuki Amano
- Departments of Hematology; Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases; Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Honjo, Chuou-ku; Kumamoto 860-8556 Japan
| | - Hisao Kansui
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sojo University; 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku Kumamoto 860-0082 Japan
| | - Kengo Onitsuka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Sojo University; 4-22-1 Ikeda, Nishi-ku Kumamoto 860-0082 Japan
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Department of Refractory Viral Infection; National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute; 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku Tokyo 162-8655 Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Department of Refractory Viral Infection; National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute; 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku Tokyo 162-8655 Japan
- Experimental Retrovirology Section; HIV & AIDS Malignancy Branch; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; 10 Center Drive Room 5 A11 - MSC 1868 Bethesda MD 20892-1868 USA
- Departments of Hematology; Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology and Infectious Diseases; Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Honjo, Chuou-ku; Kumamoto 860-8556 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Ogata-Aoki H, Higashi-Kuwata N, Hattori SI, Hayashi H, Danish M, Aoki M, Shiotsu C, Hashiguchi Y, Hamada A, Kobayashi H, Ihn H, Okada S, Mitsuya H. Raltegravir blocks the infectivity of red-fluorescent-protein (mCherry)-labeled HIV-1 JR-FL in the setting of post-exposure prophylaxis in NOD/SCID/Jak3 -/- mice transplanted with human PBMCs. Antiviral Res 2018; 149:78-88. [PMID: 28893602 PMCID: PMC8057117 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Employing NOD/SCID/Jak3-/- mice transplanted with human PBMCs (hNOJ mice) and replication-competent, red-fluorescent-protein (mCherry; mC)-labeled HIV-1JR-FL (HIVmC), we examined whether early antiretroviral treatment blocked the establishment of HIV-1 infection. The use of hNOJ mice and HIVmC enabled us to visually locate infection foci and to examine the early dynamics of HIVmC infection without using a large amount of antiretroviral unlike in non-human primate models. Although when raltegravir (RAL) administration was begun 1 day after intraperitoneal (ip) inoculation of HIVmC, no plasma p24 or plasma HIV-1-RNA (pRNA) were detected in 10 of 12 hNOJ (hNOJmCRAL+) mice as assessed on the last day of the 14-day continuous twice-daily RAL administration, all 10 untreated hNOJmC (hNOJmCRAL-) mice became positive for p24 and pRNA and had significantly swollen lymph nodes in peritoneal cavity and abundant p24+/mC+/CD3+/CD4+ T cells and p24+/mC+/CD68+ monocytes/macrophages were identified in their omenta and mesenteric lymphoid tissues/lymph nodes upon necropsy of the mice on day 14. In 12 hNOJmCRAL+ mice, no significantly swollen lymph nodes were seen compared to hNOJmCRAL- mice; however, in the omentum of the 2 hNOJmCRAL+ mice that were positive for pRNA and in site RNA, mC+/p24+/CD3+/CD83+ cells were identified, suggesting that viral breakthrough occurred later in the observation period. The present data suggest that the use of hNOJ mouse model and HIVmC may shed light on the study of early-phase dynamics of HIV-1 infection and cellular events in post-exposure/pre-exposure prophylaxis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Ogata-Aoki
- Departments of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan; Experimental Retrovirology Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata
- Departments of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan; Experimental Retrovirology Section, Department of Refractory Viral Infection, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Hattori
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, Department of Refractory Viral Infection, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hironori Hayashi
- Departments of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan; Experimental Retrovirology Section, Department of Refractory Viral Infection, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Matthew Danish
- Departments of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Manabu Aoki
- Departments of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan; Experimental Retrovirology Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Medical Technology, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Chiemi Shiotsu
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yumi Hashiguchi
- Department of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan; Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Akinobu Hamada
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hironobu Ihn
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Departments of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan; Experimental Retrovirology Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Experimental Retrovirology Section, Department of Refractory Viral Infection, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Aoki M, Hayashi H, Rao KV, Das D, Higashi-Kuwata N, Bulut H, Aoki-Ogata H, Takamatsu Y, Yedidi RS, Davis DA, Hattori SI, Nishida N, Hasegawa K, Takamune N, Nyalapatla PR, Osswald HL, Jono H, Saito H, Yarchoan R, Misumi S, Ghosh AK, Mitsuya H. A novel central nervous system-penetrating protease inhibitor overcomes human immunodeficiency virus 1 resistance with unprecedented aM to pM potency. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 29039736 PMCID: PMC5644950 DOI: 10.7554/elife.28020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1 infection/AIDS has significantly extended the life expectancy of HIV-1-infected individuals and reduced HIV-1 transmission at very high rates. However, certain individuals who initially achieve viral suppression to undetectable levels may eventually suffer treatment failure mainly due to adverse effects and the emergence of drug-resistant HIV-1 variants. Here, we report GRL-142, a novel HIV-1 protease inhibitor containing an unprecedented 6-5-5-ring-fused crown-like tetrahydropyranofuran, which has extremely potent activity against all HIV-1 strains examined with IC50 values of attomolar-to-picomolar concentrations, virtually no effects on cellular growth, extremely high genetic barrier against the emergence of drug-resistant variants, and favorable intracellular and central nervous system penetration. GRL-142 forms optimum polar, van der Waals, and halogen bond interactions with HIV-1 protease and strongly blocks protease dimerization, demonstrating that combined multiple optimizing elements significantly enhance molecular and atomic interactions with a target protein and generate unprecedentedly potent and practically favorable agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Aoki
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States.,Department of Hematology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Medical Technology, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hironori Hayashi
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kalapala Venkateswara Rao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States
| | - Debananda Das
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | | | - Haydar Bulut
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Hiromi Aoki-Ogata
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States.,Department of Hematology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Takamatsu
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Ravikiran S Yedidi
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - David A Davis
- Retroviral Disease Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Shin-Ichiro Hattori
- National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Nishida
- Bioanalysis Group, Drug Metabolism and Analysis Department, Nonclinical Research Center, Drug Development Service Segment, LSI Medience Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuya Hasegawa
- Protein Crystal Analysis Division, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Nobutoki Takamune
- Innovative Collaboration Organization, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Prasanth R Nyalapatla
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States
| | - Heather L Osswald
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States
| | - Hirofumi Jono
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Saito
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Robert Yarchoan
- Retroviral Disease Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States
| | - Shogo Misumi
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Arun K Ghosh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, United States
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States.,Department of Hematology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Rheumatology, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan.,National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Higashi-Kuwata N, Ogata-Aoki H, Hattori SI, Hayashi H, Danish M, Aoki M, Shiotsu C, Kawamura T, Ihn H, Kobayashi H, Okada S, Mitsuya H. Early phase dynamics of traceable mCherry fluorescent protein-carrying HIV-1 infection in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells-transplanted NOD/SCID/Jak3 -/- mice. Antiviral Res 2017; 144:83-92. [PMID: 28392419 PMCID: PMC7900919 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We attempted to elucidate early-phase dynamics of HIV-1 infection using replication-competent, red-fluorescent-protein (mCherry)-labeled HIV-1JR-FL (HIVJR-FLmC) and NOD/SCID/Jak3-/- mice transplanted with Individual-A's human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMC)(hNOJ mice). On day 7 following HIVJR-FLmC inoculation, mCherry-signal-emitting infection foci were readily identified in the subserosa of 10 of 10 HIVJR-FLmC-inoculated hNOJ mice, although infection foci were not located without the mCherry signal in unlabeled HIV-1JR-FL-inoculated mice (n = 6). Even on day 14, infection foci were hardly located in the unlabeled HIV-1JR-FL-inoculated mice, while in all of 7 HIVJR-FLmC-inoculated hNOJ mice examined, mCherry-signal-emitting lymph nodes were easily identified, in which active viral replication was present. On day 14, a significantly larger number of mesenteric lymph nodes were seen in HIVJR-FLmC-exposed hNOJ mice than in HIVJR-FLmC-unexposed mice (P = 0.0025). The weights of mesenteric lymph nodes of those HIVJR-FLmC-exposed hNOJ mice were also greater than those of HIVJR-FLmC-unexposed mice (P = 0.0005). When hNOJ mice were inoculated with HIVJR-FLmC-exposed hPBMC from Individual-B, significantly greater viremia was seen than in cell-free HIVJR-FLmC-inoculated hNOJ mice as examined on day 7. In the lymph nodes of those mice inoculated with HIVJR-FLmC-exposed hPBMC from Individual-B, a substantial number of Individual-B's HIVJR-FLmC-infected cells were identified together with Individual-A's cells as examined on day 14. The present HIVJR-FLmC-infected mouse model represents the first system reported using traceable HIVJR-FLmC and human target cells, not using SIV or simian cells, which should be of utility in studies of early-phases of HIV-1 transmission and in evaluating the effects of potential agents for post-exposure and pre-exposure prophylaxis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, Department of Refractory Viral Infection, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; Departments of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Hiromi Ogata-Aoki
- Departments of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan; Experimental Retrovirology Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Shin-Ichiro Hattori
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, Department of Refractory Viral Infection, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hironori Hayashi
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, Department of Refractory Viral Infection, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; Departments of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Matthew Danish
- Departments of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan
| | - Manabu Aoki
- Departments of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan; Experimental Retrovirology Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Medical Technology, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Chiemi Shiotsu
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuyoshi Kawamura
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hironobu Ihn
- Department of Dermatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hisataka Kobayashi
- Molecular Imaging Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, Department of Refractory Viral Infection, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan; Departments of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Japan; Experimental Retrovirology Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Takamatsu Y, Tanaka Y, Kohgo S, Murakami S, Singh K, Das D, Venzon DJ, Amano M, Higashi-Kuwata N, Aoki M, Delino NS, Hayashi S, Takahashi S, Sukenaga Y, Haraguchi K, Sarafianos SG, Maeda K, Mitsuya H. 4'-modified nucleoside analogs: potent inhibitors active against entecavir-resistant hepatitis B virus. Hepatology 2015; 62:1024-36. [PMID: 26122273 PMCID: PMC4589464 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Certain nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors (NRTIs) are effective against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). However, both viruses often acquire NRTI resistance, making it crucial to develop more-potent agents that offer profound viral suppression. Here, we report that 4'-C-cyano-2-amino-2'-deoxyadenosine (CAdA) is a novel, highly potent inhibitor of both HBV (half maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50 ] = 0.4 nM) and HIV-1 (IC50 = 0.4 nM). In contrast, the approved anti-HBV NRTI, entecavir (ETV), potently inhibits HBV (IC50 = 0.7 nM), but is much less active against HIV-1 (IC50 = 1,000 nM). Similarly, the highly potent HIV-1 inhibitor, 4'-ethynyl-2-fluoro-2'-deoxyadenosine (EFdA; IC50 = 0.3 nM) is less active against HBV (IC50 = 160 nM). Southern analysis using Huh-7 cells transfected with HBV-containing plasmids demonstrated that CAdA was potent against both wild-type (IC50 = 7.2 nM) and ETV-resistant HBV (IC50 = 69.6 nM for HBVETV-RL180M/S202G/M204V), whereas ETV failed to reduce HBVETV-RL180M/S202G/M204V DNA even at 1 μM. Once-daily peroral administration of CAdA reduced HBVETV-RL180M/S202G/M204V viremia (P = 0.0005) in human-liver-chimeric/ HBVETV-RL180M/S202G/M204V-infected mice, whereas ETV completely failed to reduce HBVETV-RL180M/S202G/M204V viremia. None of the mice had significant drug-related body-weight or serum human-albumin concentration changes. Molecular modeling suggests that a shallower HBV-RT hydrophobic pocket at the polymerase active site can better accommodate the slightly shorter 4'-cyano of CAdA-triphosphate (TP), but not the longer 4'-ethynyl of EFdA-TP. In contrast, the deeper HIV-1-RT pocket can efficiently accommodate the 4'-substitutions of both NRTIs. The ETV-TP's cyclopentyl ring can bind more efficiently at the shallow HBV-RT binding pocket. CONCLUSION These data provide insights on the structural and functional associations of HBV- and HIV-1-RTs and show that CAdA may offer new therapeutic options for HBV patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Takamatsu
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Yasuhito Tanaka
- Department of Virology & Liver unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Kohgo
- Research Institute & Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shuko Murakami
- Department of Virology & Liver unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kamalendra Singh
- Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia MO
| | - Debananda Das
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - David J. Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Masayuki Amano
- Departments of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Clinical Immunology & Infectious Disease, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata
- Research Institute & Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manabu Aoki
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA,Departments of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Clinical Immunology & Infectious Disease, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan,Department of Medical Technology, Kumamoto Health Science University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Nicole S. Delino
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Sanae Hayashi
- Department of Virology & Liver unit, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Department of Experimental Pathology & Tumor Biology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Sukenaga
- Research Institute & Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Haraguchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Stefan G. Sarafianos
- Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Biochemistry, School of Medicine and Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia MO
| | - Kenji Maeda
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA,Research Institute & Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Correspondence should be addressed to: K.M., Postal address: Kenji Maeda, M.D., Ph.D., Research Institute, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8655, Phone: +81-3-3202-7181 Facsimile: +81-3-3207-1038,
| | - Hiroaki Mitsuya
- Experimental Retrovirology Section, HIV and AIDS Malignancy Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD USA,Research Institute & Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,Departments of Hematology, Rheumatology, and Clinical Immunology & Infectious Disease, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Higashi-Kuwata N, Jinnin M, Makino T, Fukushima S, Inoue Y, Muchemwa FC, Yonemura Y, Komohara Y, Takeya M, Mitsuya H, Ihn H. Characterization of monocyte/macrophage subsets in the skin and peripheral blood derived from patients with systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12:R128. [PMID: 20602758 PMCID: PMC2945018 DOI: 10.1186/ar3066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Revised: 04/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/05/2010] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent accumulating evidence indicates a crucial involvement of macrophage lineage in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). To analyze the assembly of the monocyte/macrophage population, we evaluated the expression of CD163 and CD204 and various activated macrophage markers, in the inflammatory cells of the skin and in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from patients with SSc. Methods Skin biopsy specimens from 6 healthy controls and 10 SSc patients (7 limited cutaneous SSc and 3 diffuse cutaneous SSc) were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibody against CD68 (pan-macrophage marker), CD163 and CD204. Surface and/or intracellular protein expression of CD14 (marker for monocyte lineage), CD163 and CD204 was analysed by flow cytometry in PBMCs from 16 healthy controls and 41 SSc patients (26 limited cutaneous SSc and 15 diffuse cutaneous SSc). Statistical analysis was carried out using Mann-Whitney U test for comparison of means. Results In the skin from SSc patients, the number of CD163+ cells or CD204+ cells between the collagen fibers was significantly larger than that in healthy controls. Flow cytometry showed that the population of CD14+ cells was significantly greater in PBMCs from SSc patients than that in healthy controls. Further analysis of CD14+ cells in SSc patients revealed higher expression of CD163 and the presence of two unique peaks in the CD204 histogram. Additionally, we found that the CD163+ cells belong to CD14brightCD204+ population. Conclusions This is the first report indicating CD163+ or CD204+ activated macrophages may be one of the potential fibrogenic regulators in the SSc skin. Furthermore, this study suggests a portion of PBMCs in SSc patients abnormally differentiates into CD14brightCD163+CD204+ subset. The subset specific to SSc may play an important role in the pathogenesis of this disease, as the source of CD163+ or CD204+ macrophages in the skin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyo Higashi-Kuwata
- Department of Dermatology & Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Higashi-Kuwata N, Makino T, Inoue Y, Takeya M, Ihn H. Alternatively activated macrophages (M2 macrophages) in the skin of patient with localized scleroderma. Exp Dermatol 2009; 18:727-9. [PMID: 19320738 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2008.00828.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Localized scleroderma is a connective tissue disorder that is limited to the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Macrophages have been reported to be particularly activated in patients with skin disease including systemic sclerosis and are potentially important sources for fibrosis-inducing cytokines, such as transforming growth factor beta. To clarify the features of immunohistochemical characterization of the immune cell infiltrates in localized scleroderma focusing on macrophages, skin biopsy specimens were analysed by immunohistochemistry. The number of cells stained with monoclonal antibodies, CD68, CD163 and CD204, was calculated. An evident macrophage infiltrate and increased number of alternatively activated macrophages (M2 macrophages) in their fibrotic areas were observed along with their severity of inflammation. This study revealed that alternatively activated macrophages (M2 macrophages) may be a potential source of fibrosis-inducing cytokines in localized scleroderma, and may play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of localized scleroderma.
Collapse
|
29
|
Yoshikawa K, Imai K, Seki T, Higashi-Kuwata N, Kojima N, Yuuda M, Koyasu K, Sone H, Sato M, Senoo H, Irie T. Distribution of retinylester-storing stellate cells in the arrowtooth halibut, Atheresthes evermanni. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2006; 145:280-6. [PMID: 16891138 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2006] [Revised: 06/26/2006] [Accepted: 06/27/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells play a major role in retinylester storage in mammals, but the retinoid-storing state in nonmammalian vertebrates remains to be elucidated. In this study, we examined retinoids and retinoid-storing cells in the arrowtooth halibut, Atheresthes evermanni. High-performance liquid chromatography analyses revealed the highest concentrations of stored retinoids (retinol and retinylester, 6199 nmol/g) in the pyloric cecum, a teleost-specific organ protruding from the intestine adjacent to the pylorus. Considerable amounts of retinoids were also stored in the intestine (3355 nmol/g) and liver (1891 nmol/g), and small amounts in the kidney (102 nmol/g). Very small amounts or no retinoids were detected in the heart, gill, skeletal muscle, and gonads (less than 2 nmol/g). Use of gold chloride staining and fluorescence microscopy to detect retinoid autofluorescence showed that, in the pyloric cecum and intestine, retinoid-storing cells were localized in the lamina propria mucosae. Under electron microscopy, cells containing well-developed lipid droplets, which are common morphological characteristics of the hepatic stellate cells of mammals, were observed in the lamina propria mucosae of the pyloric cecum. Thus, the distribution of stellate cells with retinoid-storing capacity differs between this halibut and mammals, suggesting that the retinoid-storing site has shifted during vertebrate evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiwamu Yoshikawa
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Akita University School of Medicine, Hondo, Akita 010-0843, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|