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Sherif AE, Alam R, Asif M, Khan KUR, Ur Rehman MS. Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antipyretic potential of ethanolic extract of Aristida depressa Retz through in vitro, in vivo, and in silico models. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1326482. [PMID: 39070788 PMCID: PMC11272986 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1326482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammation is a crucial factor in the development of many diseases. Anti-inflammatory molecules based on natural sources are being actively studied, among which Aristida depressa Retz (Ar.dp) has been traditionally used as a paste to heal inflammation. The present study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic potential of an ethanolic extract of A. depressa through a battery of in vivo and in vitro models. The ethanolic extract of A. depressa was prepared by maceration and chemically characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography, which revealed the presence of quercetin, vanillic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, m-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, and sinapic acid; its antioxidant capacity was then screened with the DPPH in vitro assay, which indicated moderate scavenging capacity. A protein denaturation assay was next performed to evaluate the in vitro anti-inflammatory potential of Ar.dp, which showed significant inhibition (44.44%) compared to the standard drug (diclofenac sodium), with 89.19% inhibition at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. The in vivo safety profile of Ar.dp was evaluated in accordance with the OECD-425 acute toxicity guidelines and found to be safe up to 5 g/kg. The in vivo anti-inflammatory potentials of Ar.dp were evaluated at three different doses (125, 250, and 500 mg/kg) in acute (carrageenan-induced edema: 84.60%, histamine-induced paw edema: 84%), sub-chronic (cotton-pellet-induced granuloma: 57.54%), and chronic (complete-Freund's-adjuvant-induced arthritis: 82.2%) models. Our results showed that Ar.dp had significant (p < 0.05) anti-inflammatory effects over diclofenac sodium in the acute and chronic models. Histopathology studies indicated reduced infiltration of paw tissues with inflammatory cells in Ar.dp-treated animals. Similarly, Ar.dp showed significant (p < 0.05) analgesic (yeast-induced-pyrexia model: 23.53%) and antipyretic (acetic-acid-induced writhing model: 51%) effects in a time-dependent manner. In silico studies on the interactions of COX-1 and COX-2 with the eight ligands mentioned earlier confirmed the inhibition of enzymes responsible for inflammation and fever. Based on the findings of the present study, it is concluded that Ar.dp has anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic properties that are likely linked to its pharmacologically active phenolic bioactive molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa E. Sherif
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Rabia Alam
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Kashif-ur-Rehman Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Kaur C, Mishra Y, Kumar R, Singh G, Singh S, Mishra V, Tambuwala MM. Pathophysiology, diagnosis, and herbal medicine-based therapeutic implication of rheumatoid arthritis: an overview. Inflammopharmacology 2024; 32:1705-1720. [PMID: 38528307 PMCID: PMC11136810 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-024-01445-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) stands as an autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic joint inflammation, resulting in profound physiological alterations within the body. Affecting approximately 0.4-1.3% of the global population, this condition poses significant challenges as current therapeutic approaches primarily offer symptomatic relief, with the prospect of complete recovery remaining elusive. This review delves into the contemporary advancements in understanding the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and the therapeutic potential of herbal medicine in managing RA. Notably, early diagnosis during the initial stages emerges as the pivotal determinant for successful recovery post-treatment. Utilizing tools such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), anti-citrullinated peptide antibody markers, and radiography proves crucial in pinpointing the diagnosis of RA with precision. Unveiling the intricate pathophysiological mechanisms of RA has paved the way for innovative therapeutic interventions, incorporating plant extracts and isolated phytoconstituents. In the realm of pharmacological therapy for RA, specific disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs have showcased commendable efficacy. However, this conventional approach is not without its drawbacks, as it is often associated with various side effects. The integration of methodological strategies, encompassing both pharmacological and plant-based herbal therapies, presents a promising avenue for achieving substantive recovery. This integrated approach not only addresses the symptoms but also strives to tackle the underlying causes of RA, fostering a more comprehensive and sustainable path towards healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charanjit Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Yachana Mishra
- School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Gurvinder Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India
| | - Sukhraj Singh
- Department of Food Civil Supply and Consumer Affairs, Amritsar, 143001, Punjab, India
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, 144411, Punjab, India.
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, England, UK.
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Esposito T, Pisanti S, Mauro L, Mencherini T, Martinelli R, Aquino RP. Activity of Colocasia esculenta (Taro) Corms against Gastric Adenocarcinoma Cells: Chemical Study and Molecular Characterization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:252. [PMID: 38203419 PMCID: PMC10778756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott is a tuberous plant, also known as taro, employed as food worldwide for its renowned nutritional properties but also traditionally used in several countries for medical purposes. In this study, methanolic extracts were prepared from the corms and leaves of Colocasia, subsequently fractionated via molecular exclusion chromatography (RP-HPLC) and their anti-tumor activity assessed in an in vitro model of gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS cells). Vorm extract and isolated fractions II and III affected AGS cell vitality in a dose-dependent manner through the modulation of key proteins involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle processes, such as caspase 3, cyclin A, cdk2, IkBα, and ERK. To identify bioactive molecules responsible for anti-tumoral activity fractions II and III were further purified via RP-HPLC and characterized via nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrospray mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) techniques. The procedure enabled the identification of ten compounds including lignans and neolignans, some isolated for the first time in taro, uncommon megastigmane derivatives, and a gallic acid derivative. However, none of the isolated constituents showed efficacy equivalent to that of the fractions and total extract. This suggests that the whole Colocasia phytocomplex has intriguing anti-tumor activity against gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Esposito
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (T.E.); (L.M.); (R.P.A.)
- UNESCO Chair Salerno Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Simona Pisanti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy;
| | - Luciano Mauro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (T.E.); (L.M.); (R.P.A.)
- UNESCO Chair Salerno Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
- Giardino della Minerva, 84121 Salerno, SA, Italy
| | - Teresa Mencherini
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (T.E.); (L.M.); (R.P.A.)
- UNESCO Chair Salerno Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Rosanna Martinelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry ‘Scuola Medica Salernitana’, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, SA, Italy;
| | - Rita Patrizia Aquino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (T.E.); (L.M.); (R.P.A.)
- UNESCO Chair Salerno Plantae Medicinales Mediterraneae, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
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Moradi V, Ghanadian SM, Rashidi B, Ghasemi N, Dashti G, Esfandiari E. The preventive effect of Zingiber officinale essential oil on demyelination of corpus callosum in a cuprizone rat model of multiple sclerosis. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2023; 13:675-687. [PMID: 38106635 PMCID: PMC10719719 DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2023.22784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent neurological disability among young adults. Anti-inflammatory drugs have shown to be effective in MS. The anti-inflammatory and antioxidative properties of Zingiber officinale (ginger) have been shown and proven in many phytotherapy studies. This study aimed to evaluate effects of ginger essential oil on preventing myelin degradation in a rat model of MS. Materials and Methods In this study, we divided 49 rats into 7 groups; 4 control and 3 experimental groups that received 3 different dose of ginger essential oil (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg/day) for treatment of cuprizone-induced demyelinated rats. Basket test and transmission electron microscopy were performed in this study. Olig2 and Mbp genes and proteins were respectively evaluated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Histologically, cuprizone created demyelination in the corpus callosum fibers. Remyelination of fibers was seen in the group treated with the medium dose of ginger essence, by toluidine blue staining. transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed increased thickness of the myelin of fibers in all 3 treated groups (p<0.05). Feeding by the medium dose of ginger essence significantly increased the levels of Mbp and Olig2 genes (p<0.05). ELISA test showed that 100 mg/kg/day of ginger caused a significant difference between experimental and the cuprizone-induced groups (p<0.05). Conclusion Our findings suggested that administration of ginger essential oil prevented demyelination and improved remyelination of rats` corpus callusom and can be used as an effective substance in the prevention of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valiollah Moradi
- Department of Anatomical Science, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mostafa Ghanadian
- Department of Phrmacognosy, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bahman Rashidi
- Department of Anatomical Science, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Nazem Ghasemi
- Department of Anatomical Science, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Dashti
- Department of Anatomical Science, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Esfandiari
- Department of Anatomical Science, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Oberemok VV, Andreeva O, Laikova K, Alieva E, Temirova Z. Rheumatoid Arthritis Has Won the Battle but Not the War: How Many Joints Will We Save Tomorrow? MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1853. [PMID: 37893571 PMCID: PMC10608469 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis refers to joint diseases of unclear etiology whose final stages can lead to unbearable pain and complete immobility of the affected joints. As one of the most widely known diseases of the joints, it serves as a study target for a large number of research groups and pharmaceutical companies. Modern treatment with anti-inflammatory drugs, including janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and botanicals (polyphenols, glycosides, alkaloids, etc.) has achieved some success and hope for improving the course of the disease. However, existing drugs against RA have a number of side effects which push researchers to elaborate on more selective and effective drug candidates. The avant-garde of research, which aims to develop treatment of rheumatoid arthritis using antisense oligonucleotides along with nonsteroidal drugs and corticosteroids against inflammation, increases the chances of success and expands the arsenal of drugs. The primary goal in the treatment of this disease is to find therapies that allow patients with rheumatoid arthritis to move their joints without pain. The main purpose of this review is to show the victories and challenges for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and the tortuous but promising path of research that aims to help patients experience the joy of freely moving joints without pain.
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Grants
- No. FZEG-2021-0009 Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnologies, Institute of Biochemical Technologies, Ecology and Pharmacy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Crimea
- No. FZEG-2021-0009 Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnologies, Institute of Biochemical Technologies, Ecology and Pharmacy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Crimea
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr V. Oberemok
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biotechnologies, Institute of Biochemical Technologies, Ecology and Pharmacy, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol 295007, Crimea; (O.A.); (K.L.); (E.A.); (Z.T.)
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Raad T, Griffin A, George ES, Larkin L, Fraser A, Kennedy N, Tierney A. Experience and perceptions among rheumatoid arthritis patients following a telehealth-delivered dietary intervention: a qualitative study. Rheumatol Int 2023; 43:1913-1924. [PMID: 37418002 PMCID: PMC10435597 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-023-05382-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
The effects of dietary modifications have been assessed in people living with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with consistent benefits reported from clinical trials. However, the lived experience of making and sustaining positive dietary changes for people with RA remains unknown. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences of adults with RA and their perceptions of a 12-week telehealth-delivered dietary intervention and to assess the acceptability of the programme. Qualitative data was collected via four online focus groups with participants who had just completed a 12-week dietary intervention programme delivered through telehealth methods. Thematic analysis was used to code and summarize the identified key themes. Twenty-one adults with RA (47.5 ± 12.3 years, 90.5% females) were included in this qualitative study. Overarching themes included: (a) motivation to join the programme, (b) benefits of the programme, (c) factors influencing adherence to dietary prescription, and (d) advantages and disadvantages of telehealth. The study demonstrated that a dietary intervention delivered through telehealth methods by a Registered Dietitian (RD) appears to be well-accepted and may be used to complement face-to-face care for people with RA. The identified factors influencing the adoption of a healthier eating pattern will aid in the development of future dietary interventions for a RA population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tala Raad
- Discipline of Dietetics, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences and Health Implementation Science and Technology Cluster, School of Allied Health, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland.
| | - Anne Griffin
- Discipline of Dietetics, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences and Health Implementation Science and Technology Cluster, School of Allied Health, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Elena S George
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Victoria, VIC, 3220, Australia
| | - Louise Larkin
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Implementation Science and Technology Centre, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Alexander Fraser
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
- Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Norelee Kennedy
- Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Allied Health, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences, Implementation Science and Technology Centre, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Audrey Tierney
- Discipline of Dietetics, Faculty of Education and Health Sciences and Health Implementation Science and Technology Cluster, School of Allied Health, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, V94 T9PX, Ireland
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
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Chae DS, Han S, Lee MK, Kim SW. BMP-2 Genome-Edited Human MSCs Protect against Cartilage Degeneration via Suppression of IL-34 in Collagen-Induced Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098223. [PMID: 37175932 PMCID: PMC10179718 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Even though the regenerative potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been extensively studied, there is a debate regarding their minimal therapeutic properties. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are involved in cartilage metabolism, chondrogenesis, and bone healing. In this study, we aimed to analyze the role of genome-edited BMP-2 overexpressing amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (AMMs) in a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA). The BMP-2 gene was synthesized and inserted into AMMs using transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), and BMP-2-overexpressing AMMs (AMM/B) were sorted and characterized using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The co-culture of AMM/B with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-treated synovial fibroblasts significantly decreased the levels of interleukin (IL)-34. The therapeutic properties of AMM/B were evaluated using the CIA mouse model. The injection of AMM/B attenuated CIA progression and inhibited T helper (Th)17 cell activation in CIA mice. In addition, the AMM/B injection increased proteoglycan expression in cartilage and decreased the infiltration of inflammatory cells and factors, including IL-1β, TNF-α, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) in the joint tissues. Therefore, editing the BMP-2 genome in MSCs might be an alternative strategy to enhance their therapeutic potential for treating cartilage degeneration in arthritic joints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sik Chae
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon 22711, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongho Han
- Department of Family Medicine, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Dong-A University Medical Center, Busan 49201, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Kyung Lee
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Whan Kim
- Department Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung 25601, Republic of Korea
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Musolino V, Marrelli M, Perri MR, Palermo M, Gliozzi M, Mollace V, Conforti F. Centranthus ruber (L.) DC. and Tropaeolum majus L.: Phytochemical Profile, In Vitro Anti-Denaturation Effects and Lipase Inhibitory Activity of Two Ornamental Plants Traditionally Used as Herbal Remedies. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 28:molecules28010032. [PMID: 36615228 PMCID: PMC9822419 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ornamental plants often gain relevance not only for their decorative use, but also as a source of phytochemicals with interesting healing properties. Herein, spontaneous Centranthus ruber (L.) DC. and Tropaeolum majus L., mainly used as ornamental species but also traditionally consumed and used in popular medicine, were investigated. The aerial parts were extracted with methanol trough maceration, and resultant crude extracts were partitioned using solvents with increasing polarity. As previous studies mostly dealt with the phenolic content of these species, the phytochemical investigation mainly focused on nonpolar constituents, detected with GC-MS. The total phenolic and flavonoid content was also verified, and HPTLC analyses were performed. In order to explore the potential antiarthritic and anti-obesity properties, extracts and their fractions were evaluated for their anti-denaturation effects, with the use of the BSA assay, and for their ability to inhibit pancreatic lipase. The antioxidant properties and the inhibitory activity on the NO production were verified, as well. Almost all the extracts and fractions demonstrated good inhibitory effects on NO production. The n-hexane and dichloromethane fractions from T. majus, as well as the n-hexane fraction from C. ruber, were effective in protecting the protein from heat-induced denaturation (IC50 = 154.0 ± 1.9, 270.8 ± 2.3 and 450.1 ± 15.5 μg/mL, respectively). The dichloromethane fractions from both raw extracts were also effective in inhibiting pancreatic lipase, with IC50 values equal to 2.23 ± 0.02 mg/mL (for C. ruber sample), and 2.05 ± 0.02 mg/mL (T. majus). Obtained results support the traditional use of these species for their beneficial health properties and suggest that investigated plant species could be potential sources of novel antiarthritic and anti-obesity agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Musolino
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biology, Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Mariangela Marrelli
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Perri
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Martina Palermo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Micaela Gliozzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Mollace
- Department of Health Sciences, Institute of Research for Food Safety and Health (IRC-FSH), University Magna Græcia of Catanzaro, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Filomena Conforti
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
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Kell DB, Pretorius E. The potential role of ischaemia-reperfusion injury in chronic, relapsing diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Long COVID, and ME/CFS: evidence, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. Biochem J 2022; 479:1653-1708. [PMID: 36043493 PMCID: PMC9484810 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20220154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ischaemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury, initiated via bursts of reactive oxygen species produced during the reoxygenation phase following hypoxia, is well known in a variety of acute circumstances. We argue here that I-R injury also underpins elements of the pathology of a variety of chronic, inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, ME/CFS and, our chief focus and most proximally, Long COVID. Ischaemia may be initiated via fibrin amyloid microclot blockage of capillaries, for instance as exercise is started; reperfusion is a necessary corollary when it finishes. We rehearse the mechanistic evidence for these occurrences here, in terms of their manifestation as oxidative stress, hyperinflammation, mast cell activation, the production of marker metabolites and related activities. Such microclot-based phenomena can explain both the breathlessness/fatigue and the post-exertional malaise that may be observed in these conditions, as well as many other observables. The recognition of these processes implies, mechanistically, that therapeutic benefit is potentially to be had from antioxidants, from anti-inflammatories, from iron chelators, and via suitable, safe fibrinolytics, and/or anti-clotting agents. We review the considerable existing evidence that is consistent with this, and with the biochemical mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B. Kell
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 200, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602, South Africa
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602, South Africa
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Ahmad S, Mittal S, Gulia R, Alam K, Saha TK, Arif Z, Nafees KA, Al‐Shaghdali K, Ahmad S. Therapeutic role of hesperidin in collagen‐induced rheumatoid arthritis through antiglycation and antioxidant activities. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:473-480. [DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shafeeque Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Al‐Falah School of Medical Science and Research Centre Al‐Falah University Faridabad Haryana India
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Shilpa Mittal
- Department of Biochemistry, Al‐Falah School of Medical Science and Research Centre Al‐Falah University Faridabad Haryana India
| | - Rashmi Gulia
- Department of Biochemistry, Al‐Falah School of Medical Science and Research Centre Al‐Falah University Faridabad Haryana India
| | - Khursheed Alam
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Tapan Kumar Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, Al‐Falah School of Medical Science and Research Centre Al‐Falah University Faridabad Haryana India
| | - Zarina Arif
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh Uttar Pradesh India
| | - K. A. Nafees
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College Aligarh Muslim University Aligarh Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Khalid Al‐Shaghdali
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences University of Hail Ha'il Saudi Arabia
| | - Saheem Ahmad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences University of Hail Ha'il Saudi Arabia
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11
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Lu HL, Chang CM, Hsieh PC, Wang JC, Kung YY. The effects of acupuncture and related techniques on patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Chin Med Assoc 2022; 85:388-400. [PMID: 34772862 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One new type of acupuncture and related techniques (ACNRT) is increasingly used by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients to control their disease and improve their quality of life. However, the efficacy of using ACNRT in combination with western medicine (WM) for this purpose remains unknown. METHODS Randomized controlled trials of ACNRT and WM treatments for RA from January 1, 2000, to January 31, 2021, were searched for in the databases PubMed, Embase, Medline, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, as well as in three Chinese databases: China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, and Airiti Library. The primary outcomes consisted of inflammatory markers including C reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and rheumatoid factor. The secondary outcomes were clinical characteristics including pain visual analog scale (VAS) score, Disease Activity Score (DAS-28), swollen joints count (SJC), tender joints count (TJC), morning stiffness, and the results of a health assessment questionnaire. The three types of ACNRT used in the focal trials were acupuncture, moxibustion, and electro-acupuncture. Two qualified researchers extracted data from these trials' results and independently assessed their risk of bias. Statistical analyses were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis V3 software. RESULTS A total of 12 RCTs with 874 patients met the inclusion criteria. As compared with the patients who received WM treatment alone, those who were given integrated ACNRT/WM treatment showed greater reductions in CRP (weighted mean difference [WMD]: -6.299; 95% CI: -9.082 to -3.517), ESR (WMD: -6.563; 95% CI: -8.604 to -4.522), VAS (WMD: -1.089; 95% CI: -1.575 to -0.602), DAS-28 (WMD: -0.633; 95% CI: -1.006 to -0.259), SJC (WMD: -1.921; 95% CI: -3.635 to -0.207), and TJC (WMD: -1.491; 95% CI: -2.941 to -0.042). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis of RA provides reliable evidence in favor of ACNRT plus WM. However, longer term, high-quality, repeatable, multicenter randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Lin Lu
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ching-Mao Chang
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Po-Chun Hsieh
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jia-Chi Wang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yen-Ying Kung
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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12
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Razavi BM, Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Hosseinzadeh H. A review of therapeutic potentials of turmeric (Curcuma longa) and its active constituent, curcumin, on inflammatory disorders, pain, and their related patents. Phytother Res 2021; 35:6489-6513. [PMID: 34312922 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Turmeric (Curcuma longa) and its constituent, curcumin, have been used for their therapeutic properties for a long time. Most of the medicinal impacts of turmeric and curcumin might be attributed to their anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and antioxidant effects. In the present review, the preventive and therapeutic potentials of turmeric and its active constituent, curcumin, on inflammatory disorders and pain as well as patents related to their analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, have been summarized to highlight their value on human health. A literature review was accomplished in Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, Google Patent, Patentscope, and US Patent. Several documents and patents disclosed the significance of turmeric and curcumin to apply in several therapeutic, medicinal, and pharmaceutical fields. These phytocompounds could be applied as a supplementary therapy in phytotherapy, inflammatory disorders such as arthritis, inflammatory bowel diseases, osteoarthritis, psoriasis, dermatitis, and different types of pain including neuropathic pain. However, because of inadequate clinical trials, further high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of the plant. Consistent with the human tendency to the usage of phytocompounds rather than synthetic drugs, particular consideration must be dedicated to bond the worth of turmeric and curcumin from basic sciences to clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibi Marjan Razavi
- Targeted Drug Delivery Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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13
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Mannarino M, Cherif H, Li L, Sheng K, Rabau O, Jarzem P, Weber MH, Ouellet JA, Haglund L. Toll-like receptor 2 induced senescence in intervertebral disc cells of patients with back pain can be attenuated by o-vanillin. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:117. [PMID: 33863359 PMCID: PMC8051055 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02504-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an increased level of senescent cells and toll-like teceptor-1, -2, -4, and -6 (TLR) expression in degenerating intervertebral discs (IVDs) from back pain patients. However, it is currently not known if the increase in expression of TLRs is related to the senescent cells or if it is a more general increase on all cells. It is also not known if TLR activation in IVD cells will induce cell senescence. METHODS Cells from non-degenerate human IVD were obtained from spine donors and cells from degenerate IVDs came from patients undergoing surgery for low back pain. Gene expression of TLR-1,2,4,6, senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) markers was evaluated by RT-qPCR in isolated cells. Matrix synthesis was verified with safranin-O staining and Dimethyl-Methylene Blue Assay (DMMB) confirmed proteoglycan content. Protein expression of p16INK4a, SASP factors, and TLR-2 was evaluated by immunocytochemistry (ICC) and/or by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS An increase in senescent cells was found following 48-h induction with a TLR-2/6 agonist in cells from both non-degenerate and degenerating human IVDs. Higher levels of SASP factors, TLR-2 gene expression, and protein expression were found following 48-h induction with TLR-2/6 agonist. Treatment with o-vanillin reduced the number of senescent cells, and increased matrix synthesis in IVD cells from back pain patients. Treatment with o-vanillin after induction with TLR-2/6 agonist reduced gene and protein expression of SASP factors and TLR-2. Co-localized staining of p16INK4a and TLR-2 demonstrated that senescent cells have a high TLR-2 expression. CONCLUSIONS Taken together our data demonstrate that activation of TLR-2/6 induce senescence and increase TLR-2 and SASP expression in cells from non-degenerate IVDs of organ donors without degeneration and back pain and in cells from degenerating human IVD of patients with disc degeneration and back pain. The senescent cells showed high TLR-2 expression suggesting a link between TLR activation and cell senescence in human IVD cells. The reduction in senescence, SASP, and TLR-2 expression suggest o-vanillin as a potential disease-modifying drug for patients with disc degeneration and back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Mannarino
- Department of Surgery, Orthopaedic Research Lab, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill Scoliosis and Spine Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Surgery, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hosni Cherif
- Department of Surgery, Orthopaedic Research Lab, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill Scoliosis and Spine Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Surgery, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Li Li
- Department of Surgery, Orthopaedic Research Lab, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill Scoliosis and Spine Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Surgery, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kai Sheng
- Department of Surgery, Orthopaedic Research Lab, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill Scoliosis and Spine Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Shriner's Hospital for Children, Montreal, Canada
| | - Oded Rabau
- Department of Surgery, McGill Scoliosis and Spine Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Shriner's Hospital for Children, Montreal, Canada
| | - Peter Jarzem
- Department of Surgery, Orthopaedic Research Lab, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill Scoliosis and Spine Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Surgery, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Michael H Weber
- Department of Surgery, Orthopaedic Research Lab, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill Scoliosis and Spine Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Surgery, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jean A Ouellet
- Department of Surgery, Orthopaedic Research Lab, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill Scoliosis and Spine Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Surgery, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
- Shriner's Hospital for Children, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lisbet Haglund
- Department of Surgery, Orthopaedic Research Lab, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, McGill Scoliosis and Spine Group, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, The Research Institute of McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Canada.
- Shriner's Hospital for Children, Montreal, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Room C9.173,1650 Cedar Ave, Montreal, QC, H3G 1A4, Canada.
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14
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Ramya H, Ravikumar KS, Fathimathu Z, Janardhanan KK, Ajith TA, Shah MA, Farooq R, Reshi ZA. Morel mushroom, Morchella from Kashmir Himalaya: a potential source of therapeutically useful bioactives that possess free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, and arthritic edema-inhibiting activities. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 45:2014-2023. [PMID: 33682557 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2021.1894750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Morel mushrooms, Morchella species are highly nutritious and excellently edible wild mushrooms abundantly growing in Kashmir Himalayas. The free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, and arthritis edema-inhibiting properties of bioactive extract of Morchella elata (EAE) were evaluated. EAE inhibited 53.2% formalin-induced paw edema at a dose of 500 mg/kg b.wt and 75.0% croton oil-induced skin inflammation at a dose of 50 mg topical application. EAE exhibited 51.8% COX inhibiting activity at a concentration of 100 µg/ml when assayed using LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells exposed to the extract. NF-kB inhibiting activity of EAE was assayed using Lentix-293T P65 Ds Red stable cell line. High-throughput fluorescent imaging and flow cytometry showed profound ability of EAE to inhibit NF-kB activity. HPTLC analysis revealed that EAE is composed of several chemical components. The mushroom is a source of therapeutically useful functional food that can provide relief in arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zuhara Fathimathu
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Calicut, Thenjipalam, India
| | | | | | - Manzoor Ahmad Shah
- Department of Botany and Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Ramona Farooq
- Department of Botany and Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
| | - Zafar A Reshi
- Department of Botany and Department of Biotechnology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India
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15
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Shao XC, Chen ZH, Liu SS, Wu F, Mu HY, Wei WH, Feng Y, Zuo JP, Zhang JQ, He SJ, Zhao WM. Minor immunosuppressive spiroorthoester group-containing pregnane glycosides from the root barks of Periploca sepium. Bioorg Chem 2021; 108:104641. [PMID: 33517004 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
LC-MS guided chemical investigation of the periploside-rich extract of the root barks of Periploca sepium afforded six new minor pregnane glycosides, named periplosides A1-A6 (1-6). Their structures were characterized on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis. Compounds 1-6 were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes in vitro, among them, compound 5 exhibited significant inhibitory activities and the most favorite selective index (SI) values against the proliferation of T lymphocyte (IC50 = 0.30 μM, SI = 176) and B lymphocyte (IC50 = 0.55 μM, SI = 97).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Cheng Shao
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Hua Chen
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang-Shuang Liu
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yan Mu
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hui Wei
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Feng
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ping Zuo
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Ji-Quan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shi-Jun He
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China; State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei-Min Zhao
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Traditional and modern management strategies for rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 512:142-155. [PMID: 33186593 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a serious disorder of the joints affecting 1 or 2% of the population aged between 20 and 50 years worldwide. RA is the foremost cause of disability in developing and Western populations. It is an autoimmune disease-causing inflammation and pain involving synovial joints. Pro-inflammatory markers, including cytokines, such as interleukin -1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are involved in RA. RA treatment involves TNF-α blockade, B cell therapy, IL-1 and IL-6 blockade, and angiogenesis inhibition. Synthetic drugs available for the treatment of RA include disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD), such as cyclophosphamide, sulfasalazine, methotrexate, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and intramuscular gold. These agents induce adverse hepatorenal effects, hypertension, and gastric ulcers. We found that patients diagnosed with chronic pain, as in RA, and those refractory to contemporary management are most likely to seek traditional medicine. Approximately 60-90% of patients with arthritis use traditional medicines. Therefore, the efficacy and safety of these traditional medicines need to be established. The treatment for RA entails a comprehensive multidisciplinary strategy to reduce pain and inflammation and to restore the activity of joints. The potential medicinal plants exhibiting anti-arthritic and anti-rheumatic pharmacological activity are reviewed here.
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17
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Marrelli M, Amodeo V, Perri MR, Conforti F, Statti G. Essential Oils and Bioactive Components against Arthritis: A Novel Perspective on Their Therapeutic Potential. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9101252. [PMID: 32977657 PMCID: PMC7598204 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are known to possess a number of beneficial properties. Their antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and cancer-preventing activities have been extensively reported. Due to their wide use as food preservers and additives, as well as their use in agriculture, perfumes, and make-up products, these complex mixtures of volatile compounds have gained importance from a commercial point of view, not only in the pharmaceutical industry, but also in agronomic, food, cosmetic, and perfume industries. An analysis of the recent scientific literature allowed us to highlight the presence of an increasing number of studies on the potential antiarthritic properties of EOs and their main constituents, which seems to suggest a new interesting potential therapeutic application. The aim of this review is to examine the current knowledge on the beneficial effects of essential oils in the treatment of arthritic diseases, providing an overview of the reports on the in vivo and in vitro effects of EOs. Furthermore, this review critically examines the recent findings on the potential roles of the main components of EOs in the exerted beneficial effects. Obtained negative results are also reported.
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18
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Zhang Q, Zhang JH, He YQ, Zhang QL, Zhu B, Shen Y, Liu MQ, Zhu LL, Xin HL, Qin LP, Zhang QY. Iridoid glycosides from Morinda officinalis How. exert anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects through inactivating MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:172. [PMID: 32503513 PMCID: PMC7275542 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02895-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The root of Morinda officinalis How. (MO, the family of Rubiaceae) has long been used to treat inflammatory diseases in China and other eastern Asian countries, and iridoid glycosides extracted from MO (MOIG) are believed to contribute to this anti-inflammatory effect. However, the mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities of MOIG has not been elucidated. The aim of the present study was to determine how MOIG exerted anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects in vivo and in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Methods MOIG were enriched by XDA-1 macroporous resin. The maximum feasible dose method was adopted to evaluate its acute toxicity. The analgesic effect of MOIG was evaluated by acetic acid writhing test and the anti-inflammatory effect was evaluated by cotton-pellet granuloma test in rats and air pouch granuloma test in mice. The anti-arthritic effect was evaluated by establishing an adjuvant arthritis model induced by Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA). The viability of the cultured RAW 264.7 macrophages was assessed by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by measuring NO, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The protein level of inflammatory responsive genes was evaluated by Western blot analysis. Results MOIG had no significant toxicity at maximum feasible dose of 22.5 g/kg. MO extracts and MOIG (50,100 and 200 mg/kg) all evoked a significantly inhibitory effects on the frequency of twisting induced by acetic acid in mice compared with the model control group. Administration of MO extracts and MOIG markedly decreased the dry and wet weight of cotton pellet granuloma in rats and air pouch granuloma in mice. MOIG significantly attenuated the paw swelling and decreased the arthritic score, weight loss, spleen index, and the serum level of inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-17a in CFA-induced arthritic rats. MOIG inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, and the expressions of iNOS, COX-2 and proteins related to MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Conclusion MOIG exerted anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activities through inactivating MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways, and this finding may provide a sound experimental basis for the clinical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with MOIG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gaoke Road, Fuyang District, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gaoke Road, Fuyang District, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yu-Qiong He
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Quan-Long Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gaoke Road, Fuyang District, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gaoke Road, Fuyang District, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Shen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gaoke Road, Fuyang District, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Meng-Qin Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gaoke Road, Fuyang District, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Lu-Lin Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gaoke Road, Fuyang District, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Liang Xin
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Lu-Ping Qin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gaoke Road, Fuyang District, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China. .,School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Qiao-Yan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gaoke Road, Fuyang District, Hangzhou, 310053, People's Republic of China. .,School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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19
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Oliveira CR, Vieira RP. Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Miodesin™: Modulation of Inflammatory Markers and Epigenetic Evidence. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6874260. [PMID: 32509149 PMCID: PMC7246419 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6874260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of a combined herbal medicine Miodesin™ on the inflammatory response of key cells involved in the acute and chronic inflammatory processes as well as the possible epigenetic involvement. METHODS After the establishment of the IC50 dose, the chondrocyte, keratinocyte, and macrophage cell lines were pretreated for 2 hours with Miodesin™ (200 μg/mL) and stimulated with LPS (1 μg/mL) for 24 hours. The supernatant was used to measure the levels of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α) and chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, and CCL5), and the cells were used to extract the mRNA for the transcription factor (NF-κβ), inflammatory enzymes (COX-1, COX-2, PLA2, and iNOS), and chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, and CCL5). RESULTS Miodesin™ inhibited the release of LPS-induced cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α; p < 0.01) and chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, and CCL5; p < 0.01) and the expression of the transcription factor (NF-κβ; p < 0.01), inflammatory enzymes (COX-1, COX-2, PLA2, iNOS; p < 0.01), and chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, and CCL5; p < 0.01). In addition, the evaluation of epigenetic mechanism revealed that Miodesin™ did not induce changes in DNA methylation, assuring the genetic safeness of the compound in terms of the inflammatory response. CONCLUSIONS Miodesin™ presents anti-inflammatory properties, inhibiting hyperactivation of chondrocytes, keratinocytes, and macrophages, involving epigenetics in such effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Rocha Oliveira
- Anhembi Morumbi University, School of Medicine, Avenida Deputado Benedito Matarazzo 6070, Sao Jose dos Campos-SP, Brazil 12230-002
| | - Rodolfo Paula Vieira
- Anhembi Morumbi University, School of Medicine, Avenida Deputado Benedito Matarazzo 6070, Sao Jose dos Campos-SP, Brazil 12230-002
- Federal University of Sao Paulo (UNIFESP), Post-Graduation Program in Sciences of Human Movement and Rehabilitation, Avenida Ana Costa 95, Santos-SP, Brazil 11060-001
- Universidade Brasil, Post-Graduation Program in Bioengineering and in Biomedical Engineering, Rua Carolina Fonseca 235, Sao Paulo-SP, Brazil 08230-030
- Brazilian Institute of Teaching and Research in Pulmonary and Exercise Immunology (IBEPIPE), Rua Pedro Ernesto 240, Sao Jose dos Campos-SP, Brazil 12245-520
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20
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Alghadir A, Miraj M, Ali S. Efficacy of Curcumin with Iontophoretic Application on Paw Edema and Hematological Responses in Collagen-Induced Arthritis Rat Models. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2020; 2020:4606520. [PMID: 32351596 PMCID: PMC7171674 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4606520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND According to previous studies, oral administration of curcumin elucidates anti-inflammatory effect irrespective of its poor bioavailability. This study aims to measure the efficacy of lyophilized curcumin extracts with iontophoresis in arthritic rat models. METHODS Lyophilization and characterization of curcumin using the standard HPTLC method was carried out followed by induction of inflammatory arthritis in male albino rats. The animals were then treated with curcumin in three different forms, i.e., oral curcumin (OCU), oral curcumin with topical application (OCU + TOCU), and oral curcumin along with iontophoretically applied curcumin (OCU + IOCU). Various objective variables including body weight, paw edema, arthritic scores, and hematological and biochemical parameters, as well as histopathological examinations were conducted. RESULTS All the curcumin-treated groups showed significant alleviation of arthritic condition (p ∗ < 0.05) when compared with arthritic controls. Group V (OCU + IOCU) demonstrated maximum therapeutic effect by restoring the body weight, decreasing the paw edema, and normalizing the Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and leukocyte count, when compared with other experimental rat groups (p ∗∗ < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Iontophoretic administration of curcumin may ameliorate arthritic symptoms significantly, and the effect is assumed to be due to better penetration and enhanced bioavailability. Geriatrics patients are supposed to be benefited fairly by this technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Alghadir
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Miraj
- Rehabilitation Research Chair, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sharique Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Saifia Science College, Bhopal, India
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Efficacy and Safety of Integrated Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine on the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Meta-Analysis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:4348709. [PMID: 32328130 PMCID: PMC7154968 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4348709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Objective Integrated therapy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and Western medicine (WM) has gradually been applied to the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recently published studies have provided a wealth of data and information about the effectiveness of combination treatments, but high-quality evidence-based meta-analysis on this issue is not available yet. This study was conducted to compare and evaluate the efficacy and safety of the integrated therapy for RA. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched up to January 2020. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the efficacy and safety of integrative TCM-WM with WM alone for RA were included. The outcome measures contained therapeutic effects (TEs), tender joint count (TJC), swollen joint count (SJC), duration of morning stiffness (DMS), grip strength (GS), disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-cyclic peptide containing citrulline (anti-CCP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), and adverse events (AEs) to assess the efficacy and safety of different treatments. Results A total of 20 RCTs with 2269 patients met the inclusion criteria. TCM used in these studies included Chinese herbal decoctions and tablets or capsules made from herbs and their extracts, while WM included disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and glucocorticoids (GC). Compared with patients receiving WM treatment alone, patients with integrative TCM-WM treatment showed better TEs (OR = 3.03, 95% CI [2.36, 3.88]). The integrative treatment group showed reductions in TJC (MD = −1.17, 95% CI [−2.12, −0.21]), SJC (MD = −0.87, 95% CI [−1.85, 0.10]), DMS (SMD = −0.69, 95% CI [−0.98, −0.41]), DAS28 (MD = −0.43, 95% CI [−0.57, −0.29]), RF (SMD = −0.59, 95% CI [−0.91, −0.27]), anti-CCP (SMD = −0.21, 95% CI [−0.36, −0.06]), ESR (MD = −8.36, 95% CI [−12.60, −4.12]), and CRP (MD = −6.73, 95% CI [−9.38, −4.08]), and increment in GS (SMD = 0.12, 95% CI [−0.63, 0.87]). AEs, especially gastrointestinal disorders, abnormal liver function, leukopenia, skin allergies and rashes, headaches and dizziness, and alopecia, significantly decreased (OR = 0.37, 95% CI [0.29, 0.47]) in the integrative treatment group. Conclusions The findings of this meta-analysis indicate that integrative TCM-WM could obtain effective and safe results in the treatment of RA. Using TCM as an adjunctive therapy in RA has great prospects for further development.
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Ahmadabadi HK, Vaez-Mahdavi MR, Kamalinejad M, Shariatpanahi SS, Ghazanfari T, Jafari F. Pharmacological and biochemical properties of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Roscoe ex Sm. and its therapeutic efficacy on osteoarthritis of knee. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:3798-3807. [PMID: 31879616 PMCID: PMC6924210 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_594_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) as the most frequent form of knee arthritis is one of the most annoying complications amongst old peoples. There are different pharmacological and non-pharmacological remedies which could be applied for treatment of knee OA. It's while, significant side effects mostly in patients who are older are the dangerous limiting factors. Integrative, supplementary, traditional remedies have been applied from long time ago in treatment of such chronic diseases like OA. Various topical and oral remedies have been presented in treatment of OA worldwide. In spite of the fact there are multiple remedies for reduction symptoms of patients who suffer from disorders and related inabilities which could enhance their life quality. Remedies which have been applied for a long time for treatment of OA have newly discovered to induce injury to some patients. On the other side, additional knowledge about alternative and supplementary remedies is a main way for enhancing health of patients who suffer from OA disorders. Zingiber zerumbet (Z. zerumbeton) is a kind of herb of the ginger family and is a natural compound with various biomedical characteristics like anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effect. However, Z. zerumbet could be applied for reduction of OA symptoms because of its circulatory stimulant and anti-inflammatory effects. Anyway, up to now there is not any methodical literature review for evaluating the Z. zerumbet clinical effectiveness productiveness in treatment of OA. The main aim of the current study is to review scientific resources around therapeutic effectiveness of Zingiber zerumbet in treatment of adverse symptoms of OA disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Kiani Ahmadabadi
- Department of Iranian Traditional Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Kamalinejad
- School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Shamsa Shariatpanahi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mostafa Khomeini Hospital, Shahed University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tooba Ghazanfari
- Immunoregulation Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Jafari
- Department of Health and Social Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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Vlietstra L, Stebbings S, Meredith-Jones K, Abbott JH, Treharne GJ, Waters DL. Sarcopenia in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: The association with self-reported fatigue, physical function and obesity. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217462. [PMID: 31170172 PMCID: PMC6553728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine if there is an association between sarcopenia, physical function and self-reported fatigue in osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of measurements from a cohort of 157 participants with OA or RA was performed. The relationship between muscle mass (appendicular muscle index (AMI)), physical function (timed up and go, 30-seconds sit-to-stand test, 40-meter fast-paced walk test and grip-strength) and two fatigue measures (Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue (MAF) and a fatigue Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)) was explored using hierarchical linear regression or logistic regression with established AMI cut-offs for sarcopenia. RESULTS There were no significant differences for perceived fatigue-related variables between OA or RA sarcopenic or non-sarcopenic participants. Participants with OA had worse physical function (TUG; P = 0.029, STS; P = 0.004, WS; P = 0.003), but participants with RA had lower grip strength (P<0.001). The RA group had higher CRP (P = 0.006), were more likely to receive glucocorticoids (P<0.001), and experienced worse fatigue (P = 0.050). The hierarchical multiple regression showed that self-reported fatigue (VAS/MAF-distress) had a significant but weak association with AMI in RA. Participants with higher percentage body fat had a significantly stronger association with sarcopenia in both OA and RA. CONCLUSION Sarcopenia, when assessed by AMI, does not appear to be strongly associated with self-reported fatigue or physical function in participants with either OA or RA. Higher body fat had a moderately strong association with sarcopenia in this cross-sectional study, suggesting that body composition may be an important factor in the health of patients with longstanding OA or RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Vlietstra
- University of Otago, Department of Medicine, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Simon Stebbings
- University of Otago, Department of Medicine, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - J. Haxby Abbott
- University of Otago, Dunedin School of Medicine, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | | | - Debra L. Waters
- University of Otago, Department of Medicine, Dunedin, New Zealand
- University of Otago, School of Physiotherapy, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Gupte PA, Giramkar SA, Harke SM, Kulkarni SK, Deshmukh AP, Hingorani LL, Mahajan MP, Bhalerao SS. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of Capsule Longvida ® Optimized Curcumin (solid lipid curcumin particles) in knee osteoarthritis: a pilot clinical study. J Inflamm Res 2019; 12:145-152. [PMID: 31239749 PMCID: PMC6559772 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s205390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Osteoarthritis is the single most common cause of disability in older adults with an estimated 10% to 15% prevalence in individuals above 60 years. The contemporary medications include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs acetaminophen, cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors, and surgical interventions. In view of safety issues regarding their longterm use, necessitating search for effective and safe alternatives, we evaluated Capsule Longvida® Optimized Curcumin prepared using solid lipid curcumin particles (SLCP) technology in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Patients and methods: Eligible patients fulfilling American College of Rheumatology Criteria were randomized to SLCP group (400 mg twice daily delivering 80 mg of curcumin per capsule) or Ibuprofen with placebo group (400 mg each once daily) for 90 days. The Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) were used for clinical assessment of knee pain and function. Degree of knee flexion and swelling were also noted. Blood biochemistry included hemogram, blood urea, creatinine, Random blood sugar and inflammatory markers viz. PGE2, TNF α, IL6, IL1β and LTB4 while urine examination included degenerative marker CTX II. The parametric data was analyzed using unpaired t test while non-parametric data was analyzed using Friedman’s test or Mann Whitney t test as applicable. A level of p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Out of 50 recruitments, 25 from the Ibuprofen group and 17 from the SLCP group completed the study with significant improvements in VAS and WOMAC scores indicating comparable efficacy of SLCP in alleviating pain with Ibuprofen. None of the markers displayed significant changes. Except one withdrawal in the study group due to rash and itching, the study drug was found safe. Conclusions: SLCP in a dose of 160 mg daily was found to be effective and safe in alleviating symptoms in patients suffering from knee osteoarthritis when administered for 90 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poonam Ashish Gupte
- Obesity Diabetes lab, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Campus, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shital Ashok Giramkar
- Obesity Diabetes lab, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Campus, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shubhangi Mandar Harke
- Obesity Diabetes lab, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Campus, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sneha Keshav Kulkarni
- Obesity Diabetes lab, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Campus, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | | | - Supriya Sudhakar Bhalerao
- Obesity Diabetes lab, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University Campus, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Lans C. Do recent research studies validate the medicinal plants used in British Columbia, Canada for pet diseases and wild animals taken into temporary care? JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 236:366-392. [PMID: 30772483 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE There are insufficient safe and effective treatments for chronic pain in pets. In cases such as osteoarthritis there is no commercially available cure and veterinarians use NSAIDs to manage pain. Pet owners may have to plan for a lifetime of plant-based treatment for the conditions that lead to chronic pain in pets. Phytopharmacotherapies have the advantage of being less toxic, cheap or free, readily available, are more likely to be safe for long-term use and have the potential to reset the immune system to normal functioning. AIM OF THE STUDY To examine the recently published medicinal plant research that matches unpublished data on ethnoveterinary medicines (EVM) used for pets in Canada (British Columbia) to see if the EVM data can provide a lead to the development of necessary drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS In 2003 semi-structured interviews were conducted with 60 participants who were organic farmers or holisitic medicinal/veterinary practitioners obtained using a purposive sample. A draft manual prepared from the data was then evaluated by participants at a participatory workshop that discussed the plant-based treatments. A copy of the final version of the manual was given to all research participants. In 2018, the recently published research matching the EVM data was reviewed to see if the EVM practices could serve as a lead for further research. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Medicinal plants are used to treat a range of conditions. The injuries treated in pets in British Columbia included abscesses (resulting from an initial injury), sprains and abrasions. Dogs were also treated with medicinal plants for rheumatoid arthritis, joint pain and articular cartilage injuries. More than 40 plants were used. Anal gland problems were treated with Allium sativum L., Aloe vera L., Calendula officinalis L., Plantago major L., Ulmus fulva Michx., Urtica dioica L. and Usnea longissima Ach. Arctium lappa, Hydrangea arborescens and Lactuca muralis were used for rheumatoid arthritis and joint pain in pets. Asthma was treated with: Linum usitatissimum L., Borago officinalis L., Verbascum thapsus L., Cucurbita pepo L., Lobelia inflata L., and Zingiber officinale Roscoe. Pets with heart problems were treated with Crataegus oxyacantha L., Cedronella canariensis (L.) Willd. ex Webb & Berth, Equisetum palustre L., Cypripedium calceolus L., Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex Lawson, Humulus lupulus L., Valeriana officinalis L., Lobelia inflata L., Stachys officinalis (L.) Trev., and Viscum album L. The following plants were used for epilepsy, motion sickness and anxiety- Avena sativa L., Valeriana officinalis, Lactuca muralis (L.) Fresen., Scutellaria lateriflora L., Satureja hortensis L., and Passiflora incarnata L. Plants used for cancer treatment included Phytolacca decandra, Ganoderma lucidum, Lentinula edodes, Rumex acetosella, Arctium lappa, Ulmus fulva, Rheum palmatum, Frangula purshiana, Zingiber officinale, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Ulmus fulva, Althea officinalis, Rheum palmatum, Rumex crispus and Plantago psyllium. Trifolium pratense was used for tumours in the prostate gland. Also used were Artemisia annua, Taraxacum officinale and Rumex crispus. This review of plants used in EVM was possible because phytotherapy research of the plants described in this paper has continued because few new pharmaceutical drugs have been developed for chronic pain and because treatments like glucocorticoid therapy do not heal. Phytotherapuetic products are also being investigated to address the overuse of antibiotics. There have also been recent studies conducted on plant-based functional foods and health supplements for pets, however there are still gaps in the knowledge base for the plants Stillingia sylvatica, Verbascum thapsus, Yucca schidigera and Iris versicolor and these need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Lans
- Institute for Ethnobotany and Zoopharmacognosy (IEZ), Rijksstraatweg 158A, 6573 DG Beek, the Netherlands.
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Gao T, Xie A, Liu X, Zhan H, Zeng J, Dai M, Zhang B. Toosendanin induces the apoptosis of human Ewing's sarcoma cells via the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:135-140. [PMID: 31115517 PMCID: PMC6579966 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Toosendanin, a triterpenoid extracted from the root bark of Melia toosendan, has its origin from traditional Chinese medicine and has been used as a non‑polluting and pesticide‑free plant insecticide in China for fruit and vegetable production. In recent years, toosendanin has been found to inhibit tumor cell proliferation and promote tumor cell apoptosis. Ewing's sarcoma (ES) is the second most common primary malignant bone and soft tissue tumor in children and adolescents. Although the overall prognosis of ES has improved, the 5‑year survival rate has not significantly increased. To analyze the role of toosendanin on ES progression, CCK‑8 viability assay, flow cytometry, Hoechst 33258 staining and western blotting were performed. The present results suggested that toosendanin suppressed cell viability and induced apoptosis in human SK‑ES‑1 cells compared with DMSO treatment. In addition, in the present study, toosendanin was found to upregulate the expression of Bax and downregulate the expression of Bcl‑2, altering the Bax/Bcl‑2 ratio. Additionally, toosendanin promoted the release of cytochrome c, resulting in the activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway, thus inducing the activation of caspase‑9 and caspase‑3, and the cleavage of PARP. Our results demonstrated that toosendanin inhibited the growth of ES cells in a dose‑dependent manner and triggered mitochondrial apoptotic pathway to induce apoptosis. Therefore, toosendanin can potentially be utilized as an anticancer botanical drug for the treatment of ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Multidisciplinary Therapy Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - An Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Multidisciplinary Therapy Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xuqiang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Multidisciplinary Therapy Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Haibo Zhan
- Department of Orthopedics, Multidisciplinary Therapy Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Jin Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Multidisciplinary Therapy Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Min Dai
- Department of Orthopedics, Multidisciplinary Therapy Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Multidisciplinary Therapy Center of Musculoskeletal Tumor, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Brown M, Ahmed S. Emerging role of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PCSK-9) in inflammation and diseases. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2019; 370:170-177. [PMID: 30914377 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2019.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PCSK9) is most recognized serine protease for its role in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). PCSK9 regulates plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels by selectively targeting hepatic LDL receptors (LDLR) for degradation, thereby serving as a potential therapeutic target for CVD. New pharmacological agents under development aim to lower the risk of CVD by inhibiting PCSK9 extracellularly, although secondary effects of this approach are not yet studied. Here we review the history of PCSK9 and rationale behind developing inhibitors for CVD. Importantly, we summarized the studies investigating the role and impact of modulated PCSK9 levels in inflammation, specifically in sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis and other chronic inflammatory conditions. Furthermore, we summarized studies that investigated the interactions of PCSK9 with pro-inflammatory pathways, such as scavenger receptor CD36 and thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1) in inflammatory diseases. This review highlights the conflicting role that PCSK9 plays in different inflammatory disease states and postulates that any unwanted effects of PCSK9 inhibition in early clinical testing should critically be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madalyn Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Salahuddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA, USA; Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Sofia V, Nasrul E, Manjas M, Revilla G. The Influence of Wharton Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cell toward Matrix Metalloproteinase-13 and RELA Synoviocyte Gene Expression on Osteoarthritis. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:701-706. [PMID: 30962824 PMCID: PMC6447349 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Therapy for osteoarthritis (OA) with satisfactory results has not been found to date. In OA pathogenesis, RELA gene involved in cartilage degradation and MMP-13 in degrade cartilage, as a member family of NF-κβ genes, RELA serves to modulate inflammatory responses and activates pro-inflammatory cytokines. AIM: This study aims to identify the influence of Wharton Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC-WJ) on MMP-13 and RELA expression gene in synoviocyte by in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This research is pure experimental research. The sample used derived from synovial tissue of OA patients who underwent Total Knee Replacement (TKR) surgery. This study was divided into six groups treated with 4 replications. Group I and II (control groups) were synoviocyte of OA incubated for 24 and 48 hours, respectively. Group III and IV were MSC-WJ incubated for 24 and 48 hours, respectively. Group V and VI were Synoviocyte-MSC-WJ co-culture group incubated for 24 and 48 hours, respectively. Identification of MMP-13 and RELA gene expression in each group was performed by using qPCR. RESULT: The results showed that MSC-WJ reduced MMP-13 gene expression after co-culture for 24 and 48 hours in OA synoviocyte. The highest gene expression of MMP-13 was in Group I and II (1.00 ng/μl), followed by Group III (0.41 ng/μl), Group IV (0.24 ng/μl), Group V (0.13 ng/μl), and Group VI (0.04 ng/μl). MSC-WJ administration also decreased RELA gene expression. The highest gene expression of RELA gene was in Group I and II (1.00 ng/μl), Group V (0.67 ng/μl), Group III (0.58 ng/μl), Group IV (0.16 ng/μl), and Group VI (0.16 ng/μl). CONCLUSION: This study concluded that MSC-WJ in OA synoviocyte significantly reduced the expression of MMP-13 and RELA gene (p <0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivi Sofia
- Postgraduate Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia.,Faculty of Pharmacy Ahmad Dahlan University, Jogjakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ellyza Nasrul
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Indonesia
| | - Menkher Manjas
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Indonesia
| | - Gusti Revilla
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Indonesia
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Sofia V, Nasrul E, Manjas M, Revilla G. Analysis of the Relationship between RELA Gene Expression and MMP-13 Gene Expression in Synoviocyte Cells after Mesenchymal Stem Cell Wharton Jelly. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:543-548. [PMID: 30894909 PMCID: PMC6420936 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapy that can cure osteoarthritis with satisfactory results has not been found to date. In the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis, the genes involved in cartilage degradation include the RELA gene which plays an important role in modulating the occurrence of cartilage damage, which involves activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. One of the cytokines involved in the cartilage degradation process is Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) -13 which is also modulated by NFκβ. AIM This study aims to look at the expression of the RELA gene and expression of the MMP-13 gene and analyse the relationship of RELA gene expression with MMP-13 gene expression after administration of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Wharton Jelly in synoviocytes in vitro. MATERIAL AND METHODS This research is pure experimental research. The samples used derived from synovial tissue in osteoarthritis patients who underwent surgery for Total Knee Replacement (TKR). This study was divided into 6 treatment groups with 4 replications. Group I was the synoviocyte OA cell control group which was incubated 24 hours, group II was control of synoviocyte OA cell which was incubated 48 hours, group III was a group of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Wharton Jelly (MSC-WJ) which was incubated 24 hours, group IV was a Mesenchymal Stem Cell Wharton Jelly (MSC-WJ) cell group incubated 48 hours, group V was the co-culture group of synoviocyte-MSC-WJ cells incubated 24 hours and group VI was the co-culture of synoviocyte-MSC-WJ cells which were incubated 48 hours. Observation of MMP-13 gene expression and RELA gene in each group was carried out using qPCR. RESULT The results showed that the analysis of the relationship between RELA gene expression and MMP-13 gene expression in osteoarthritis synoviocytes cells after Mesenchymal Stem Cell Wharton Jelly as big as (r = 0.662). CONCLUSION The conclusion of this study is there was a strong correlation between RELA gene expression and MMP-13 gene expression in osteoarthritis synoviocytes after Mesenchymal Stem Cell Wharton Jelly (r = 0.662).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivi Sofia
- Postgraduate Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia.,Faculty of Pharmacy Ahmad Dahlan University, Jogjakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ellyza Nasrul
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Indonesia
| | - Menkher Manjas
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Indonesia
| | - Gusti Revilla
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Andalas University, Indonesia
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Lin FZ, Wang SC, Hsi YT, Lo YS, Lin CC, Chuang YC, Lin SH, Hsieh MJ, Chen MK. Celastrol induces vincristine multidrug resistance oral cancer cell apoptosis by targeting JNK1/2 signaling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 54:1-8. [PMID: 30668359 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancers are one of the most aggressive malignancies, with high mortality rates globally. Patients with these cancers are treated using combination therapies including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE Traditional Chinese medicines and other herbal medicines have been used to treat various diseases in Asia. Celastrol is a pentacyclic triterpenoid isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Trypterygium wilfordii, which has therapeutic potential in multiple diseases. The present study was to determine the effect of celastrol on vincristine-resistant cancer cell line and to illuminate the mechanism of celastrol-induced cell apoptosis. STUDY DESIGN Celastrol was added to vincristine-resistant cancer cell and immunoreactive proteins were detected. METHODS AND RESULTS Our study demonstrated that celastrol leads to apoptosis of head and neck cancer cells through mitochondria- and Fas-mediated pathways. However, whether this herbal medicine exhibits beneficial effects on vincristine-resistant oral cancer patients remains uncertain. Therefore, our study examined the apoptotic effect exerted by celastrol and the mechanism by this drug acts on a vincristine-resistant cancer cell line. The present study demonstrated that celastrol triggered apoptotic cell death by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase via the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways (increased cleaved caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and PARP). Increased expression of tBid also indicated the presence of crosstalk between the two pathways. Celastrol mediated cell apoptosis through the downregulation of the expression of Bcl-2, not Bcl-xL. Moreover, JNK1/2 signaling was the main pathway of celastrol-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION Celastrol could become a useful agent for treating oral cancers with MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Zhen Lin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chung Wang
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Changhua Christian Children's Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Hsi
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Lo
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chieh Lin
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Chuang
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Hui Lin
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Center for General Education, Mingdao University, Changhua 52345, Taiwan.
| | - Mu-Kuan Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500, Taiwan
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Electroacupuncture Delays Cartilage Degeneration by Modulating Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling Pathway. Chin J Integr Med 2019; 25:677-683. [PMID: 30656598 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-018-2916-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To illustrate the molecular mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on knee osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Twenty-seven six-month-old New Zealand white rabbits were allocated into three groups in accordance with a random number table: normal group (no surgery-induced OA; without treatment), model group (surgery-induced OA; without treatment) and EA group [surgery-induced OA; received treatment with EA at acupoints Dubi (ST 35) and Neixiyan (EX-LE 5), 30 min twice a day]. After eight consecutive weeks of treatment, the histopathological alterations in cartilage were observed using optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, cartilage degeneration was evaluated by modified Mankin's score principles, the synovial fluid concentration of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the protein expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-3, IκB kinase-β (IKK-β), nuclear factor of α light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor α (IκB-α) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 were quantified by Western blot analysis. RESULTS EA treatment significantly improved cartilage structure arrangement and reduced cellular degeneration. The IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and MMP-3 of synovial fluid in the EA-treated group were significantly decreased compared with the model group (all P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-3, IKK-β and NF-κB p65 protein expressions in cartilage of EA-treated group were significantly decreased (all P<0.01), whereas IκB-α expression was significantly up-regulated (P<0.01). CONCLUSION EA treatment may delay cartilage degeneration by down-regulating inflammatory factors through NF-κB signaling pathway, which may, in part, explain its clinical efficacy in the treatment of knee OA.
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Hsiao HB, Wu JB, Lin WC. Anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory effects of (-)-Epicatechin-3-O-β-d-allopyranoside, a constituent of Davallia formosana. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 52:12-22. [PMID: 30599891 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND (-)-Epicatechin-3-O-β-d-allopyranoside (ECAP) is isolated from the popular Chinese herbal medicine Davallia formosana, which has been used to treat bone diseases including bone fracture, arthritis, and osteoporosis. PURPOSE To investigate the antiarthritic and the anti-inflammatory effect of ECAP on a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and in vitro. METHODS Male DBA/1 J mice were immunized by administering an intradermal injection of 100 µg of type II collagen in Freund's complete adjuvant. The control groups (vehicle) and ECAP were administered orally at doses of 1 ml/kg (H2O), 50 and 100 mg/ml/kg once a day from Day 22 to Day 42 after primary immunization. Paw swelling, arthritis severity score, and histological changes were examined. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure the levels of cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-10, IL-17, IL-4, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), in splenocytes. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activities of ECAP were investigated in vitro by measuring nitric oxide (NO) levels in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 macrophages. RESULTS In the CIA model, the oral administration of ECAP ameliorated paw edema and reduced the arthritis severity score and disease incidence. Histopathological examination demonstrated that ECAP treatment effectively protected the bone and cartilage of knee joints from erosion, lesion formation, and deformation compared with the vehicle treatment. ECAP also reduced IL-1β and MMP-9 expression in inflamed joints. Compared with the vehicle-treated mice with CIA, the reduced severity of the disease in ECAP-treated mice was associated with decreased levels of TNF-α and IL-17 and increased levels of IL-10 and IL-4 in the supernatants of splenocyte cultures. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that ECAP increased the population of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells, thereby inhibiting the B cell population. Anticollagen IgG1 and IgG2a levels decreased in the serum of ECAP-treated mice. ECAP suppressed LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 macrophages. CONCLUSION The administration of ECAP effectively suppressed inflammation and inflammatory pain and adjuvant-induced arthritis, indicating its therapeutic potential in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Bo Hsiao
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Bin Wu
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chuan Lin
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Seca S, Patrício M, Kirch S, Franconi G, Cabrita AS, Greten HJ. Effectiveness of Acupuncture on Pain, Functional Disability, and Quality of Life in Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Hand: Results of a Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. J Altern Complement Med 2019; 25:86-97. [DOI: 10.1089/acm.2018.0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Seca
- Heidelberg School of Chinese Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Patrício
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sebastian Kirch
- Heidelberg School of Chinese Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Giovanna Franconi
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Henry J. Greten
- Heidelberg School of Chinese Medicine, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Suranji Wijekoon HM, Kim S, Bwalya EC, Fang J, Aoshima K, Hosoya K, Okumura M. Anti-arthritic effect of pentosan polysulfate in rats with collagen-induced arthritis. Res Vet Sci 2018; 122:179-185. [PMID: 30529273 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pentosan polysulfate (PPS) is currently under investigation as a potential disease-modifying antiarthritic agent. In the present study the effects of PPS on arthritic profiles based on clinical score, ankle size, histological changes, and activity of inflammatory mediators using collagen-induced arthritic rat are reported. Model of arthritis was developed in Sprague Dawley rats by intradermal injection of bovine type II collagen emulsified with incomplete Freund's adjuvant. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal control, arthritic control, arthritic rats treated with PPS (at dose level 20 μg/g) and arthritic rats treated with meloxicam (2 μg/g). The treatment was continued daily until the day 30. Arthritic biomarkers (cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b) in synovial fluid, expression of inflammatory mediators (interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α) and osteoclast marker genes (cathepsin K, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase) in synovial membrane were measured. Daily administration of PPS to the arthritic rats significantly decreased the severity of arthritis by effectively suppressing the symptoms of arthritis and improving the functional recovery based on clinical score and histopathological evidence. Intriguingly, identical downregulation pattern of arthritis profiles, biological markers as well as relative mRNA levels of osteoclast markers and cytokines were monitored in arthritic rats treated with PPS. In conclusion, PPS exerted protective effects against collagen-induced arthritis in rats. The results suggest that PPS acts as an anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic agent in decreasing the arthritic effects in collagen-induced arthritic rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Suranji Wijekoon
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Sangho Kim
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Eugene C Bwalya
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jing Fang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keisuke Aoshima
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Comparative Pathology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenji Hosoya
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Okumura
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Ngo YL, Lau CH, Chua LS. Review on rosmarinic acid extraction, fractionation and its anti-diabetic potential. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 121:687-700. [PMID: 30273632 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.09.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Rosmarinic acid is a bioactive phytochemical that can be found in many herbs as ethnomedicines. It possesses remarkable pharmacological activities, and thus leading to its exploration as a therapeutic drug in diabetes treatment recently. This article reviews the extraction and fractionation techniques for plant-based natural rosmarinic acid and its anti-diabetic potential based on literature data published in journals, books, and patents from 1958 to 2017. Factors affecting the performance of rosmarinic acid extraction and fractionation such as operating temperature, time, solvent to sample ratio and eluent system are compiled and discussed in detail. The inhibitory action of rosmarinic acid against sugar digestive enzymes, and protective action towards pancreatic β-cell dysfunction and glucolipotoxicity mediated oxidative stress are also critically reviewed. The optimal parameters are largely dependent on the applied extraction and fractionation techniques, as well as the nature of plant samples. Previous studies have proven the potent role of rosmarinic acid to control plasma glucose level and increase insulin sensitivity in hyperglycemia. Although rosmarinic acid is readily absorbed by human body, its mechanism after consumption is remained unclear. Intensive studies should be well planned to determine the dosage and toxicity level of rosmarinic acid for efficacy and safe consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lei Ngo
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Cher Haan Lau
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia
| | - Lee Suan Chua
- Institute of Bioproduct Development, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia; Department of Bioprocess and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Skudai, Johor Bahru, Malaysia.
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Jacob J, Amalraj A, Raj KKJ, Divya C, Kunnumakkara AB, Gopi S. A novel bioavailable hydrogenated curcuminoids formulation (CuroWhite™) improves symptoms and diagnostic indicators in rheumatoid arthritis patients - A randomized, double blind and placebo controlled study. J Tradit Complement Med 2018; 9:346-352. [PMID: 31453131 PMCID: PMC6702143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease that cause chronic pain, disability and joint destruction. The present placebo controlled randomized study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a novel hydrogenated curcuminoid formulation-CuroWhite™, in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Twenty four RA patients were randomized in 1:1:1 ratio to receive 250 mg, 500 mg CuroWhite or placebo as one capsule a day, over a period of three months. Improvement in the ACR response, changes in disease activity assessed using the DAS 28 score, change in physical function assessed on change in ESR, CRP, RF values were evaluated before and after the study. Results suggested that patients who received CuroWhite both low and high doses reported statistically significant changes in their clinical symptoms towards end of the study when compared with placebo. There were significant changes in DAS28 (50–64%) VAS (63–72%) ESR (88–89%), CRP (31–45%) RF (80–84%) values and ACR response for CuroWhite groups in comparison with placebo. Thus, CuroWhite acts as the analgesic and anti-inflammatory product for management of RA by the reduction of the inflammatory action which was confirmed by improvement in ESR, CRP, VAS, RF, DAS-28 and ACR responses. CuroWhite was significantly effective against RA with highly safe without serious side effects and well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joby Jacob
- R&D Centre, Aurea Biolabs (P) Ltd, 682311, Kolenchery, Cochin, India
| | - Augustine Amalraj
- R&D Centre, Aurea Biolabs (P) Ltd, 682311, Kolenchery, Cochin, India
| | - K K Jithin Raj
- R&D Centre, Aurea Biolabs (P) Ltd, 682311, Kolenchery, Cochin, India
| | | | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Sreeraj Gopi
- R&D Centre, Aurea Biolabs (P) Ltd, 682311, Kolenchery, Cochin, India
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Linus LO, Wang SL, Shi N, Hanson C, Lu YT, Alolga RN, Liu Q, Njokuocha RC, Qi LW. The new plant Parinari kerstingii Engl.: Toxicity studies and anti-inflammatory properties. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 220:26-34. [PMID: 29551451 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Parinari kerstingii Engl. extract is traditionally used for the treatment of inflammation, bronchopneumonia, feverish pains, and breast cancer. However, there have not been any scientific reports regarding the medicinal properties of this plant, and no experiments have been done to ascertain the safety of the extract. AIM OF THE STUDY The objective of this work was to evaluate the toxicity of Parinari kerstingii Engl. extracts as an herbal remedy and to investigate its anti-inflammatory potential in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sprague-Dawley albino male rats were used in these experiments. 100, 300 and 600 mg/kg of body weight doses of Parinari kerstingii Engl. water extract (PKWE) were used for a 14 day toxicity study. For the anti-inflammatory studies, the carrageenan-induced paw edema model was used to investigate the effect of four fractions of Parinari kerstingii Engl. ethanol extract [petroleum ether (fraction A), ethyl acetate (fraction B), n -butanol (fraction C) and water (fraction D)] on the paw size of rats and to investigate the inhibitory effects of Parinari kerstingii Engl. water (PKWE) and Parinari kerstingii Engl. ethanol extract (PKEE). RESULTS The administration of 100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg of body weight doses of Parinari kerstingii Engl. water extract showed no sign of toxicity. However, the 600 mg/kg of body weight dose showed a very significant increase in creatinine concentration. All the fractions of Parinari kerstingii Engl. extract demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects, as shown by a significant reduction in carrageenan-induced paw edema and by a significant decrease in the production of IL-1, TNF-α, COX-2, NF-кB, and PGE2. Moreover, fraction A and B showed enhanced in vivo anti-inflammatory effects compared to aspirin. Furthermore, PKEE was demonstrated to be more effective than PKWE. CONCLUSION We present the first report on the plant Parinari kerstingii Engl. Based on our findings, PKWE at a dose of up to 300 mg/kg of body weight for 14 days is considered safe, and our anti-inflammatory results support its traditional use. Overall, Parinari kerstingii Engl. has been demonstrated to be a potential drug candidate. Thus, further experiments, such as isolation/structural elucidation of the phytochemicals and biological screening of this plant, need to be done.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loveth O Linus
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, # 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Shi-Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, # 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ning Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, # 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Christian Hanson
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Tong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, # 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Raphael N Alolga
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, # 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, # 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Reginald C Njokuocha
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria
| | - Lian-Wen Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacognosy, China Pharmaceutical University, # 639 Longmian Avenue, Jiangning District, Nanjing 211198, China.
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Karlapudi V, Prasad Mungara AVV, Sengupta K, Davis BA, Raychaudhuri SP. A Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Study Demonstrates the Clinical Efficacy of a Novel Herbal Formulation for Relieving Joint Discomfort in Human Subjects with Osteoarthritis of Knee. J Med Food 2018; 21:511-520. [PMID: 29708818 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2017.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
LI73014F2 is a novel composition prepared from extracts of Terminalia chebula fruit, Curcuma longa rhizome, and Boswellia serrata gum resin with synergistic benefit in 5-Lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibition. This herbal composition with strong anti-5-LOX activity exhibited significant pain relief as indicated through improvements in weight-bearing capacity in a monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis (OA) model of Sprague-Dawley rats. A 90-day randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind study evaluates the clinical efficacy and tolerability of LI73014F2 in the management of symptoms of OA of the knee (Clinical Trial Registration No. CTRI/2014/01/004338). Subjects, (n = 105), were randomized into three groups: placebo (n = 35), 200 mg/day of LI73014F2 (n = 35), and 400 mg/day of LI73014F2 (n = 35). All study participants were evaluated for pain and physical function by using standard tools, that is, Visual Analog Scale, Lequesne's Functional Index, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) at the baseline (day 0) and on day 14 ± 3, 30 ± 3, 60 ± 3, and at the end of the study (day 90 ± 3). In addition, routine examinations on biochemical parameters in serum, urine, and hematological parameters were conducted on each visit to assess the safety of the study material. At the end of the trial period, LI73014F2 conferred significant pain relief, improved physical function, and quality of life in OA patients. In conclusion, preclinical and clinical data together strongly suggest that the herbal formulation LI73014F2 is a safe and effective intervention for management of joint discomfort, demonstrating efficacy as early as 14 days.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Siba Prasad Raychaudhuri
- 5 Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California Davis , Davis, California, USA
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Nik Shafii NAH, Yaacob LH, Ishak A, Kadir AA. Traditional and Complementary Medicine Use in Knee Osteoarthritis and its Associated Factors Among Patients in Northeast Peninsular Malaysia. Oman Med J 2018; 33:148-153. [PMID: 29657684 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2018.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives We sought to determine the prevalence of traditional and complementary medicine (TCM) use for knee osteoarthritis and its associated factors among patients attending a referral hospital in an eastern coastal state of Malaysia. Methods This cross-sectional study included 214 patients with knee osteoarthritis. A universal sampling method was applied to patients who attended the outpatient clinic in Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia from May 2013 to October 2013. Participants were given a questionnaire to determine their sociodemographic information and a validated Bahasa Malaysia version of the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC). This questionnaire was used to assess the severity of knee osteoarthritis (i.e., pain, stiffness, and disturbances in daily activity). Results Over half (57.9%) of patients reported using TCM to treat knee osteoarthritis. Factors associated with TCM use were gender (odd ratio (OR) = 2.47; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.28-4.77), duration of knee osteoarthritis (OR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.03-2.23), and the severity of knee pain (OR = 2.56; 95% CI: 1.71-3.86). Conclusions The prevalence of TCM use among eastern Malaysian patients with knee osteoarthritis was high. Physicians caring for these patients should be aware of these findings so that inquiries regarding TCM use can be made and patients can be appropriately counseled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nik Abdul Hafiz Nik Shafii
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Lili Husniati Yaacob
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Azlina Ishak
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Azidah Abdul Kadir
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Health Campus Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian Kelantan, Malaysia
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Ingawale DK, Patel SS. Hecogenin exhibits anti-arthritic activity in rats through suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in Complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2017; 40:59-71. [PMID: 29192804 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2017.1405439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hecogenin is a steroidal sapogenin isolated from the leaves of Agave genus species that plays an important role in the treatment of a variety of inflammatory diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of hecogenin in Complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. The hecogenin (40 µl of 50 µg/kg, orally) and hecogenin + fluticasone (40 µl of 25 µg/kg, each, orally) was tested against Complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats by evaluating various parameters such as paw volume, arthritic score, joint diameter, spleen weight, thymus weight, haematological and biochemical parameters and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Histopathological and radiological analyzes of ankle joints were also carried out. Treatment of rats with hecogenin and its combination elicited significant reduction in paw edema, arthritic score and joint diameter. Hecogenin and its combination also inhibited joint destruction in histopathological and radiological analyzes of ankle joint. Hecogenin and its combination significantly increased the levels of red blood cells and hemoglobin but decreased the white blood cell count. The anti-arthritic activity was also confirmed with the change in biochemical parameters and myeloperoxidase assay. In the present investigation, hecogenin and its combination prevent destruction of cartilage and protect synovial membrane with improving health status through haematonic properties and down regulation of various cytokines. Hence, hecogenin may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa K Ingawale
- a Institute of Pharmacy , Nirma University , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India.,b Sinhgad Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Snehal S Patel
- a Institute of Pharmacy , Nirma University , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
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Tabetri™ ( Tabebuia avellanedae Ethanol Extract) Ameliorates Osteoarthritis Symptoms Induced by Monoiodoacetate through Its Anti-Inflammatory and Chondroprotective Activities. Mediators Inflamm 2017; 2017:3619879. [PMID: 29317792 PMCID: PMC5727801 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3619879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Although osteoarthritis (OA), a degenerative joint disease characterized by the degradation of joint articular cartilage and subchondral bones, is generally regarded as a degenerative rather than inflammatory disease, recent studies have indicated the involvement of inflammation in OA pathogenesis. Tabebuia avellanedae has long been used to treat various diseases; however, its role in inflammatory response and the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, the pharmacological effects of Tabetri (Tabebuia avellanedae ethanol extract (Ta-EE)) on OA pathogenesis induced by monoiodoacetate (MIA) and the underlying mechanisms were investigated using experiments with a rat model and in vitro cellular models. In the animal model, Ta-EE significantly ameliorated OA symptoms and reduced the serum levels of inflammatory mediators and proinflammatory cytokines without any toxicity. The anti-inflammatory activity of Ta-EE was further confirmed in a macrophage-like cell line (RAW264.7). Ta-EE dramatically suppressed the production and mRNA expressions of inflammatory mediators and proinflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 cells without any cytotoxicity. Finally, the chondroprotective effect of Ta-EE was examined in a chondrosarcoma cell line (SW1353). Ta-EE markedly suppressed the mRNA expression of matrix metalloproteinase genes. The anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective activities of Ta-EE were attributed to the targeting of the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling pathways in macrophages and chondrocytes.
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Dou H, Shen R, Tao J, Huang L, Shi H, Chen H, Wang Y, Wang T. Curcumin Suppresses the Colon Cancer Proliferation by Inhibiting Wnt/β-Catenin Pathways via miR-130a. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:877. [PMID: 29225578 PMCID: PMC5705620 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Curcumin exhibits anti-tumor effects in several cancers, including colorectal carcinoma (CRC), but the detailed mechanisms are still unclear. Here we studied the mechanisms underlying the anti-tumor effect of curcumin in colon cancer cells. SW480 cells were injected into mice to establish the xenograft tumor model, followed by evaluation of survival rate with the treatment of curcumin. The expression levels of β-catenin, Axin and TCF4 were measured in the SW480 cells in the absence or presence of curcumin. Moreover, miRNAs related to the curcumin treatment were also detected in vitro. Curcumin could suppress the growth of colon cancer cells in the mouse model. This anti-tumor activity of curcumin was exerted by inhibiting cell proliferation rather than promoting cell apoptosis. Further study suggested that curcumin inhibited cell proliferation by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. MiR-130a was down-regulated by curcumin treatment, and overexpressing miR-130a could abolish the anti-tumor activity of curcumin. Our study confirms that curcumin is able to inhibit colon cancer by suppressing the Wnt/β-catenin pathways via miR-130a. MiR-130a may serve as a new target of curcumin for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqiang Dou
- Department of Endoscopy Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Renhui Shen
- Department of Endoscopy Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxin Tao
- Department of Endoscopy Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Longchang Huang
- Department of Endoscopy Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Haoze Shi
- Department of Endoscopy Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hang Chen
- Department of Endoscopy Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yixin Wang
- Department of Endoscopy Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Department of Endoscopy Surgery, Wuxi People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
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Lei M, Guo C, Wang D, Zhang C, Hua L. The effect of probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota on knee osteoarthritis: a randomised double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Benef Microbes 2017; 8:697-703. [PMID: 28726510 DOI: 10.3920/bm2016.0207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) treatment is challenging due to inefficacy and adverse effects of current medications. Probiotic treatment has been shown to promote bone metabolism, reduce pain and inflammatory responses of age-related musculoskeletal disorders, including OA. We aimed to investigate the effect of probiotic Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS) on patients with knee OA. 537 patients with knee OA were enrolled in this double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, who were randomised to receive skimmed milk containing either LcS or placebo daily for 6 months. Primary outcome was defined as changes in WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index) and VAS (visual analog scale) scores. Secondary outcome was defined as changes in serum levels of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). After 6 months of treatment, both WOMAC and VAS scores were significantly improved in the LcS groups of patients compared to the placebo group. Serum levels of hs-CRP were also significantly lower in patients receiving LcS than placebo. Strong linear correlations were observed between serum hs-CRP levels and WOMAC and VAS scores. LcS consumption could serve as a novel therapeutic option in the clinical management of knee OA, improving treatment outcome likely through reducing serum hs-CRP levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Lei
- Department of Nutrition and Diet, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China P.R
| | - C. Guo
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China P.R
| | - D. Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China P.R
| | - C. Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, No. 139 Ziqiang Road, Shijiazhuang 050051, Hebei Province, China P.R
| | - L. Hua
- Department of Nutrition, Bethune International Heping Hospital, No. 398, Zhong Shan West Road, Shijiazhuang 050082, Hebei Province, China P.R
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Huminiecki L, Horbańczuk J, Atanasov AG. The functional genomic studies of curcumin. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 46:107-118. [PMID: 28392463 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Curcumin is a natural plant-derived compound that has attracted a lot of attention for its anti-cancer activities. Curcumin can slow proliferation of and induce apoptosis in cancer cell lines, but the precise mechanisms of these effects are not fully understood. However, many lines of evidence suggested that curcumin has a potent impact on gene expression profiles; thus, functional genomics should be the key to understanding how curcumin exerts its anti-cancer activities. Here, we review the published functional genomic studies of curcumin focusing on cancer. Typically, a cancer cell line or a grafted tumor were exposed to curcumin and profiled with microarrays, methylation assays, or RNA-seq. Crucially, these studies are in agreement that curcumin has a powerful effect on gene expression. In the majority of the studies, among differentially expressed genes we found genes involved in cell signaling, apoptosis, and the control of cell cycle. Curcumin can also induce specific methylation changes, and is a powerful regulator of the expression of microRNAs which control oncogenesis. We also reflect on how the broader technological progress in transcriptomics has been reflected on the field of curcumin. We conclude by discussing the areas where more functional genomic studies are highly desirable. Integrated OMICS approaches will clearly be the key to understanding curcumin's anticancer and chemopreventive effects. Such strategies may become a template for elucidating the mode of action of other natural products; many natural products have pleiotropic effects that are well suited for a systems-level analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Huminiecki
- The Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland.
| | - Jarosław Horbańczuk
- The Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- The Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Polish Academy of Sciences, Postępu 36A, Jastrzębiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Ellagic acid alleviates adjuvant induced arthritis by modulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Cent Eur J Immunol 2017; 41:339-349. [PMID: 28450796 PMCID: PMC5382880 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2016.65132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown aetiology, but it is now clear that pro-inflammatory cytokines play a central role in its pathogenesis. Ellagic acid (EA) has a variety of biological activities including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential effect of ellagic acid on the prevention and/or treatment of adjuvant induced arthritis (AIA) model in mice. Ellagic acid treatment was started one week before AIA induction and continued for three weeks after induction of AIA. Ellagic acid treatment significantly (p < 0.01) inhibited foot paw oedematous swelling and attenuated AIA-associated pathology. Ellagic acid significantly (p < 0.01) reduced serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines: interleukin 1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and interleukin 17 (IL-17). However, serum levels of IL-10 and interferon γ (IFN-γ) significantly increased (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively), while serum level of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) did not significantly alter with EA treatment. In conclusion, these results suggest that EA attenuated AIA-associated pathology in the mouse model by downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines.
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Mateen S, Moin S, Zafar A, Khan AQ. Redox signaling in rheumatoid arthritis and the preventive role of polyphenols. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 463:4-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Jiang SH, Ping LF, Sun FY, Wang XL, Sun ZJ. Protective effect of taraxasterol against rheumatoid arthritis by the modulation of inflammatory responses in mice. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:4035-4040. [PMID: 28101182 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Taraxasterol is an effective component of dandelion that has anti-inflammatory effects in vivo and in vitro. The present study was performed to explore whether taraxasterol exhibits a protective effect against rheumatoid arthritis through the modulation of inflammatory responses in mice. Eight-week-old CCR9-deficient mice were injected with a collagen II monoclonal antibody cocktail to create a rheumatoid arthritis model. In the experimental group, arthritic model mice were treated with 10 mg/kg taraxasterol once per day for 5 days. Treatment with taraxasterol significantly increased the pain thresholds and reduced the clinical arthritic scores of the mice in the experimental group compared with those of the model group. Furthermore, treatment with taraxasterol significantly suppressed tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and nuclear factor-κB protein expression levels compared with those in the rheumatoid arthritis model mice. Taraxasterol treatment also significantly reduced nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2 and cyclooxygenase-2 levels compared with those in the rheumatoid arthritis model group. These observations indicate that the protective effect of taraxasterol against rheumatoid arthritis is mediated via the modulation of inflammatory responses in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hua Jiang
- Department of Rheumatism, Hebei Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Feng Ping
- Department of Rheumatism, Hebei Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Yan Sun
- Department of Rheumatism, Hebei Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Lei Wang
- Department of Rheumatism, Hebei Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Juan Sun
- Department of Rheumatism, Hebei Cangzhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Cangzhou, Hebei 061000, P.R. China
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Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of Guge Fengtong Formula: in vitro and in vivo studies. Chin J Nat Med 2016; 13:842-853. [PMID: 26614459 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(15)30088-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is the most common inflammatory arthritis and a major cause of disability. Presently, the clinical therapeutic medicines for inflammatory and arthritic diseases are unsatisfactory due to severe adverse effects or ineffectiveness. The Guge Fengtong formula (GGFT), containing the standardized extracts of Dioscoreae Nipponicae Rhizoma, Spatholobi Caulis, and Zingiberis Rhizoma, has long been used for RA treatment by Chinese doctorsin China. However, the detailed anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of GGFT has not been reported so far. In the present work, we aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic effects of GGFT using three in vivo animal models, and tried to uncover its preliminarythe underlying mechanism of action mechanism in RAW 264.7 macrophages. The obtained results indicated that GGFT significantly attenuated ear edema, decreased carrageenan-induced paw edema, reduced the arthritis score, and reversed the weight loss of the complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)CFA-injected rats. Additionally, marked decrease of in synovial inflammatory infiltration and synovial lining hyperplasia in the joints and decline of inflammatory factors (TNF-α and IL-1β) in the serum were observed in the GGFT-treated rats. In lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 macrophages, GGFT reduced the production of NO, PGE2, and IL-6, and inhibited the expression of iNOS, COX-2, and NF-κB expression. Our results demonstrated that GGFT possessed considerable anti-inflammatory activity and have had potential therapeutic effects on adjuvant induced arthritis in rats, which provided providing experimental evidences for its traditional application in the treatment of RA and other inflammatory diseases.
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la Torre Fabiola VD, Ralf K, Gabriel B, Victor Ermilo AA, Martha MG, Mirbella CF, Rocio BA. Anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects of Critonia aromatisans leaves: Downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 190:174-182. [PMID: 27282666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Critonia aromatisans (Asteraceae), commonly known as "Chiople", is a cultivated species that is used in Mayan traditional medicine to treat inflammation, joint pain and rheumatism. AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the in vivo and in vitro anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of aqueous and organic extracts prepared from Critonia aromatisans leaves. MATERIALS AND METHODS Methanol, ethyl acetate, methylene chloride, hexanic, and aqueous extracts were obtained from the leaves of C. aromatisans. The anti-inflammatory properties of the extracts were tested in vivo to evaluate their ability to reduce the inflammatory response in the carrageenan-induced hind paw edema model in NIH mice. In addition, to explore the immunomodulatory effects of C. aromatisans, in vitro testing was performed to determine whether C. aromatisans leaf extracts are capable of decreasing macrophage production of nitric oxide (NO), tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) without affecting macrophage viability. RESULTS Single orally administered doses (100mg/kg or 200mg/kg) of a hexanic extract of C. aromatisans leaves significantly reduced carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice (P<0.001) by 76% and 84%, respectively. The effect of the extract in this model was generally comparable to those of the standard drugs used. In the in vitro determination, the extracts reduced the amount of NO mainly at 500 and 1000μg/mL. Hexanic extract and subfractions C, D, E, and F at 50 and 100μg/mL produced the lowest concentration of mediators in culture supernatants (protein) and at the mRNA/gene level by the significant down-regulation of cytokines. These findings explain some of the anti-inflammatory activity of this species. Purification of fractions C and D allowed the complete identification of cyclocolorenone, stigmasterol and stigmasterol derivatives as some of their main components. CONCLUSION A hexanic extract of C. aromatisans displayed anti-inflammatory effects, validating the traditional practice of Mayan communities wherein an ointment with a petrolatum base, a non-polar substance, is used to treat inflammation. Additionally, C. aromatisans showed strong in vivo and in vitro activity, and one of the mechanisms of its anti-inflammatory response was shown to be inhibition of the production of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The results of this study provide a pharmacological basis for the use of C. aromatisans leaves in the treatment of inflammatory disorders. The presence of stigmasterol and cyclocolorenone could be the responsibles of the anti-inflammatory activity of this specie. Further studies should be done on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of cyclocolorenone. The results of this study provide a pharmacological basis for the use of C. aromatisans leaves in the treatment of inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Villa-De la Torre Fabiola
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, México.
| | - Kinscherf Ralf
- Institute of Anatomy, Philipps Marburg University, Robert Koch Strasse 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Bonaterra Gabriel
- Institute of Anatomy, Philipps Marburg University, Robert Koch Strasse 8, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Arana-Argaez Victor Ermilo
- Laboratorio de Farmacología, Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 613 x Calle 90 Col. Inalámbrica, C.P. 97069 Mérida, Yucatán, México.
| | - Méndez-González Martha
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, México.
| | - Cáceres-Farfán Mirbella
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, México.
| | - Borges-Argáez Rocio
- Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, México.
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Jung HW, Kim KH, Park YK. Inhibitory effect of the extract of Phellodendron amurense ruprecht root on collagen-induced arthritis in mice. Chin J Integr Med 2016; 23:755-762. [PMID: 27460490 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-016-2094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the dried root of Phellodendron amurense Ruprecht (Phellodendri cortex; PC) extract improves arthritic symptoms through anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory effects in collagen-induced arthritis in mice. METHODS Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was induced in male DBA/1 mice by immunization with type II collagen (ColII). CIA mice were divided into 5 groups (n=10 per a group) with normal, CIA control, PC extract (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg)-treated, and meloxicam (50 mg/kg)-treated as the reference drug. The PC extract or meloxicam were administered orally in CIA mice once a day for 14 days after arthritis induction. Arthritic score, levels of anti-ColII IgG2a antibody, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interleukin (IL)-17 in the sera of CIA mice were measured. Histopathological changes in the ankle joints of CIA mice were also analyzed by staining with hematoxylin and eosin (H and E), safranin-O and immunohistochemistry using anti-TNF-α and anti-IL-17 antibodies. RESULTS The arthritic score was increased in CIA mice in a time-dependent manner, as were the serum levels of anti-ColII IgG2a antibody, PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-17. However, the oral administration of PC extract at 50 and 100 mg/kg in CIA mice significantly decreased the arthritic scores, and the serum levels of anti-ColII IgG2a, PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-17 compared with those in the CIA group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Furthermore, histopathological improvement of the joint architecture in CIA mice was observed after administration of PC extract. PC extract also significantly inhibited the expression of TNF-α and IL-17 in the joints of CIA mice by suppressing the expression of their mRNA and proteins. CONCLUSION PC extract may improve the pathological progression of RA through the inhibition of joint destruction by synovial inflammation and immune-stimulation, therefore, it would be a potential anti-arthritic agent in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Won Jung
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 740-814, Republic of Korea.
- Korean Medicine Research and Development Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 740-814, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Ho Kim
- Department of Acupuncture, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 740-814, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Ki Park
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 740-814, Republic of Korea
- Korean Medicine Research and Development Center, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, 740-814, Republic of Korea
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