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Muthuramalingam P, Jeyasri R, Varadharajan V, Priya A, Dhanapal AR, Shin H, Thiruvengadam M, Ramesh M, Krishnan M, Omosimua RO, Sathyaseelan DD, Venkidasamy B. Network pharmacology: an efficient but underutilized approach in oral, head and neck cancer therapy-a review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1410942. [PMID: 39035991 PMCID: PMC11257993 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1410942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The application of network pharmacology (NP) has advanced our understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms underlying diseases, including neck, head, and oral cancers, as well as thyroid carcinoma. This review aimed to explore the therapeutic potential of natural network pharmacology using compounds and traditional Chinese medicines for combating these malignancies. NP serves as a pivotal tool that provides a comprehensive view of the interactions among compounds, genes, and diseases, thereby contributing to the advancement of disease treatment and management. In parallel, this review discusses the significance of publicly accessible databases in the identification of oral, head, and neck cancer-specific genes. These databases, including those for head and neck oral cancer, head and neck cancer, oral cancer, and genomic variants of oral cancer, offer valuable insights into the genes, miRNAs, drugs, and genetic variations associated with these cancers. They serve as indispensable resources for researchers, clinicians, and drug developers, contributing to the pursuit of precision medicine and improved treatment of these challenging malignancies. In summary, advancements in NP could improve the globalization and modernization of traditional medicines and prognostic targets as well as aid in the development of innovative drugs. Furthermore, this review will be an eye-opener for researchers working on drug development from traditional medicines by applying NP approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pandiyan Muthuramalingam
- Division of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajendran Jeyasri
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | | | - Arumugam Priya
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States
| | - Anand Raj Dhanapal
- Chemistry and Bioprospecting Division, Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding (IFGTB), Coimbatore, India
| | - Hyunsuk Shin
- Division of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Manikandan Ramesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Science Campus, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
| | - Murugesan Krishnan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | | | - Divyan Devasir Sathyaseelan
- Department of General Surgery, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Baskar Venkidasamy
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
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2
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Guo Y, Li Z, Chen F, Chai Y. Polyphenols in Oral Health: Homeostasis Maintenance, Disease Prevention, and Therapeutic Applications. Nutrients 2023; 15:4384. [PMID: 37892459 PMCID: PMC10610286 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols, a class of bioactive compounds with phenolic structures, are abundant in human diets. They have gained attention in biomedical fields due to their beneficial properties, including antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, polyphenols can prevent multiple chronic or infectious diseases and may help in the prevention of oral diseases. Oral health is crucial to our well-being, and maintaining a healthy oral microbiome is essential for preventing various dental and systemic diseases. However, the mechanisms by which polyphenols modulate the oral microbiota and contribute to oral health are still not fully understood, and the application of polyphenol products lies in different stages. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the advancements in understanding polyphenols' effects on oral health: dental caries, periodontal diseases, halitosis, and oral cancer. The mechanisms underlying the preventive and therapeutic effects of polyphenols derived from dietary sources are discussed, and new findings from animal models and clinical trials are included, highlighting the latest achievements. Given the great application potential of these natural compounds, novel approaches to dietary interventions and oral disease treatments may emerge. Moreover, investigating polyphenols combined with different materials presents promising opportunities for developing innovative therapeutic strategies in the treatment of oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Guo
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China;
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Zhiquan Li
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Feng Chen
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yujuan Chai
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen 518060, China;
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3
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Esquivel-Chirino C, Bolaños-Carrillo MA, Carmona-Ruiz D, Lopéz-Macay A, Hernández-Sánchez F, Montés-Sánchez D, Escuadra-Landeros M, Gaitán-Cepeda LA, Maldonado-Frías S, Yáñez-Ocampo BR, Ventura-Gallegos JL, Laparra-Escareño H, Mejía-Velázquez CP, Zentella-Dehesa A. The Protective Role of Cranberries and Blueberries in Oral Cancer. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2330. [PMID: 37375955 DOI: 10.3390/plants12122330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer has a high prevalence worldwide, and this disease is caused by genetic, immunological, and environmental factors. The main risk factors associated with oral cancer are smoking and alcohol. RESULTS There are various strategies to reduce risk factors, including prevention programs as well as the consumption of an adequate diet that includes phytochemical compounds derived from cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon A.) and blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.); these compounds exhibit antitumor properties. RESULTS The main outcome of this review is as follows: the properties of phytochemicals derived from cranberries were evaluated for protection against risk factors associated with oral cancer. CONCLUSIONS The secondary metabolites of cranberries promote biological effects that provide protection against smoking and alcoholism. An alternative for the prevention of oral cancer can be the consumption of these cranberries and blueberries.
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Affiliation(s)
- César Esquivel-Chirino
- Área de Básicas Médicas, División de Estudios Profesionales, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Mario Augusto Bolaños-Carrillo
- Área de Ciencias Naturales, Departamento de Bachillerato, Universidad del Valle de México, Campus Guadalajara Sur, Guadalajara 045601, Mexico
| | - Daniela Carmona-Ruiz
- Área de Ortodoncia, División de Estudios Profesionales, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Ambar Lopéz-Macay
- Laboratorio de Liquído Sinovial, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación LGII, Ciudad de México 14389, Mexico
| | - Fernando Hernández-Sánchez
- Departamento de Virología y Micología, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Ciudad de México 04502, Mexico
| | - Delina Montés-Sánchez
- Investigación Biomédica Básica, Licenciatura en Estomatología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 75770, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Alberto Gaitán-Cepeda
- Departamento de Medicina y Patología Oral Clínica, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Silvia Maldonado-Frías
- Laboratorio de Bioingeniería de Tejidos, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04360, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Raquel Yáñez-Ocampo
- Especialidad en Periodoncia e Implantología, División de Estudios de Posgrado e Investigación, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - José Luis Ventura-Gallegos
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Hugo Laparra-Escareño
- Departamento de Cirugía, Sección de Cirugía Vascular y Terapia, Instituto de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
| | - Claudia Patricia Mejía-Velázquez
- Departamento de Patología, Medicina Bucal y Maxilofacial, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Zentella-Dehesa
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
- Unidad de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
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Cranberry and black chokeberry extracts isolated with pressurized ethanol from defatted by supercritical CO2 pomace inhibit colorectal carcinoma cells and increase global antioxidant response of meat products during in vitro digestion. Food Res Int 2022; 161:111803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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El-Far AH, Al Jaouni SK, Li X, Fu J. Cancer metabolism control by natural products: Pyruvate kinase M2 targeting therapeutics. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3181-3201. [PMID: 35794729 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glycolysis is the primary source of energy for cancer growth and metastasis. The shift in metabolism from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis is called the Warburg effect. Cancer progression due to aerobic glycolysis is often associated with the activation of oncogenes or the loss of tumor suppressors. Therefore, inhibition of glycolysis is one of the effective strategies in cancer control. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a key glycolytic enzyme overexpressed in breast, prostate, lung, colorectal, and liver cancers. Here, we discuss published studies regarding PKM2 inhibitors from natural products that are promising drug candidates for cancer therapy. We have highlighted the potential of natural PKM2 inhibitors for various cancer types. Moreover, we encourage researchers to evaluate the combinational effects between natural and synthetic PKM2 inhibitors. Also, further high-quality studies are needed to firmly establish the clinical efficacy of natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali H El-Far
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Soad K Al Jaouni
- Department of Hematology/Pediatric Oncology, Yousef Abdulatif Jameel Scientific Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xiaotao Li
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,School of Arts and Sciences, New York University-Shanghai, Shanghai, China.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Junjiang Fu
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, the Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Chen H, Wang W, Yu S, Wang H, Tian Z, Zhu S. Procyanidins and Their Therapeutic Potential against Oral Diseases. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27092932. [PMID: 35566283 PMCID: PMC9104295 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Procyanidins, as a kind of dietary flavonoid, have excellent pharmacological properties, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties, and so they can be used to treat various diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, tumors, and obesity. Given the low bioavailability of procyanidins, great efforts have been made in drug delivery systems to address their limited use. Nowadays, the heavy burden of oral diseases such as dental caries, periodontitis, endodontic infections, etc., and their consequences on the patients’ quality of life indicate a strong need for developing effective therapies. Recent years, plenty of efforts are being made to develop more effective treatments. Therefore, this review summarized the latest researches on versatile effects and enhanced bioavailability of procyanidins resulting from innovative drug delivery systems, particularly focused on its potential against oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (H.C.); (S.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.T.)
| | - Wanyu Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China;
| | - Shiyang Yu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (H.C.); (S.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.T.)
| | - Huimin Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (H.C.); (S.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zilu Tian
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (H.C.); (S.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.T.)
| | - Song Zhu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China; (H.C.); (S.Y.); (H.W.); (Z.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-135-7878-5725
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7
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Navarro-Hoyos M, Arnáez-Serrano E, Quesada-Mora S, Azofeifa-Cordero G, Wilhelm-Romero K, Quirós-Fallas MI, Alvarado-Corella D, Vargas-Huertas F, Sánchez-Kopper A. HRMS Characterization, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Polyphenols in Malus domestica Cultivars from Costa Rica. Molecules 2021; 26:7367. [PMID: 34885949 PMCID: PMC8659030 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing interest in research into fruits as sources of secondary metabolites because of their potential bioactivities. In this study, the phenolic profiles of Malus domestica Anna and Jonagold cultivars from Costa Rica were determined by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS) using a quadrupole-time-of-flight analyzer (UPLC-QTOF-ESI MS), on enriched-phenolic extracts from skins and flesh, obtained through Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE). In total, 48 different phenolic compounds were identified in the skin and flesh extracts, comprising 17 flavan-3-ols, 12 flavonoids, 4 chalcones, 1 glycosylated isoprenoid and 14 hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives. Among extracts, the flesh of Jonagold exhibits a larger number of polyphenols and is especially rich in procyanidin trimers, tetramers and pentamers. Evaluating total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities using ORAC and DPPH procedures yields higher values for this extract (608.8 mg GAE/g extract; 14.80 mmol TE/g extract and IC50 = 3.96 µg/mL, respectively). In addition, cytotoxicity evaluated against SW620 colon cancer cell lines and AGS gastric cancer cell lines also delivered better effects for Jonagold flesh (IC50 = 62.4 and 60.0 µg/mL, respectively). In addition, a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) was found between TPC and cytotoxicity values against SW620 and AGS adenocarcinoma (r = -0.908, and -0.902, respectively). Furthermore, a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) was also found between the number of procyanidins and both antioxidant activities and cytotoxicity towards SW620 (r = -0.978) and AGS (r = -0.894) cell lines. These results align with Jonagold flesh exhibiting the highest abundance in procyanidin oligomers and yielding better cytotoxic and antioxidant results. In sum, our findings suggest the need for further studies on these Costa Rican apple extracts-and particularly on the extracts from Jonagold flesh-to increase the knowledge on their potential benefits for health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos
- Bioactivity & Sustainable Development (BIODESS) Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Costa Rica (UCR), San Jose 2060, Costa Rica; (K.W.-R.); (M.I.Q.-F.); (D.A.-C.); (F.V.-H.)
| | | | - Silvia Quesada-Mora
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Costa Rica (UCR), San Jose 2060, Costa Rica; (S.Q.-M.); (G.A.-C.)
| | - Gabriela Azofeifa-Cordero
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Costa Rica (UCR), San Jose 2060, Costa Rica; (S.Q.-M.); (G.A.-C.)
| | - Krissia Wilhelm-Romero
- Bioactivity & Sustainable Development (BIODESS) Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Costa Rica (UCR), San Jose 2060, Costa Rica; (K.W.-R.); (M.I.Q.-F.); (D.A.-C.); (F.V.-H.)
| | - Maria Isabel Quirós-Fallas
- Bioactivity & Sustainable Development (BIODESS) Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Costa Rica (UCR), San Jose 2060, Costa Rica; (K.W.-R.); (M.I.Q.-F.); (D.A.-C.); (F.V.-H.)
| | - Diego Alvarado-Corella
- Bioactivity & Sustainable Development (BIODESS) Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Costa Rica (UCR), San Jose 2060, Costa Rica; (K.W.-R.); (M.I.Q.-F.); (D.A.-C.); (F.V.-H.)
| | - Felipe Vargas-Huertas
- Bioactivity & Sustainable Development (BIODESS) Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Costa Rica (UCR), San Jose 2060, Costa Rica; (K.W.-R.); (M.I.Q.-F.); (D.A.-C.); (F.V.-H.)
| | - Andrés Sánchez-Kopper
- CEQIATEC, Department of Chemistry, Costa Rica Institute of Technology (TEC), Cartago 7050, Costa Rica;
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8
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Polyphenolic QTOF-ESI MS Characterization and the Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Prunus domestica Commercial Cultivars from Costa Rica. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216493. [PMID: 34770900 PMCID: PMC8588404 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increased interest in plum research because of their metabolites' potential bioactivities. In this study, the phenolic profiles of Prunus domestica commercial cultivars (Methley, Pisardii and Satsuma) in Costa Rica were determined by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with High Resolution Mass Spectrometry using a quadrupole-time-of-flight analyzer (UPLC-ESI-QTOF MS) on enriched phenolic extracts obtained through Pressurized Liquid Extraction (PLE) under acidic and neutral extraction conditions. In total, 41 different phenolic compounds were identified in the skin and flesh extracts, comprising 11 flavan-3-ols, 14 flavonoids and 16 hydroxycinnamic acids and derivatives. Neutral extractions for the skins and flesh from all of the cultivars yielded a larger number of compounds, and were particularly rich in the number of procyanidin trimers and tetramers when compared to the acid extractions. The total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant potential using the DPPH and ORAC methods exhibited better results for neutral extracts with Satsuma skins and Methley flesh, which showed the best values (685.0 and 801.6 mg GAE/g extract; IC50 = 4.85 and 4.39 µg/mL; and 12.55 and 12.22 mmol TE/g extract, respectively). A Two-Way ANOVA for cytotoxicity towards AGS gastric adenocarcinoma and SW620 colon adenocarcinoma indicated a significant difference (p < 0.05) for PLE conditions, with better results for neutral extractions, with Satsuma skin delivering the best results (IC50 = 60.7 and 46.7 µg/mL respectively) along with Methley flesh (IC50 = 76.3 and 60.9 µg/mL, respectively). In addition, a significant positive correlation was found between TPC and ORAC (r = 0.929, p < 0.05), as well as a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) between TPC and cytotoxicity towards AGS and SW620 cell lines (r = -0.776, and -0.751, respectively). A particularly high, significant, negative correlation (p < 0.05) was found between the number of procyanidins and cytotoxicity against the AGS (r = -0.868) and SW620 (r = -0.855) cell lines. Finally, the PCA clearly corroborated that neutral extracts are a more homogenous group exhibiting higher antioxidant and cytotoxic results regardless of the part or cultivar; therefore, our findings suggest that PLE extracts under neutral conditions would be of interest for further studies on their potential health benefits.
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Prakash S, Radha, Kumar M, Kumari N, Thakur M, Rathour S, Pundir A, Sharma AK, Bangar SP, Dhumal S, Singh S, Thiyagarajan A, Sharma A, Sharma M, Changan S, Sasi M, Senapathy M, Pradhan PC, Garg NK, Ilakiya T, Nitin M, Abdel-Daim MM, Puri S, Natta S, Dey A, Amarowicz R, Mekhemar M. Plant-Based Antioxidant Extracts and Compounds in the Management of Oral Cancer. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1358. [PMID: 34572990 PMCID: PMC8466097 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer continues to be a leading cause of death worldwide, and its prevalence is particularly high in developing countries, where people chew tobacco and betel nut on a regular basis. Radiation-, chemo-, targeted-, immuno-, and hormone-based therapies along with surgery are commonly used as part of a treatment plan. However, these treatments frequently result in various unwanted short- to long-term side effects. As a result, there is an urgent need to develop treatment options for oral cancer that have little or no adverse effects. Numerous bioactive compounds derived from various plants have recently attracted attention as therapeutic options for cancer treatment. Antioxidants found in medicinal plants, such as vitamins E, C, and A, reduce damage to the mucosa by neutralizing free radicals found in various oral mucosal lesions. Phytochemicals found in medicinal plants have the potential to modulate cellular signalling pathways that alter the cellular defence mechanisms to protect normal cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induce apoptosis in cancer cells. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of various medicinal plants and phytoconstituents that have shown the potential to be used as oral cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suraj Prakash
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India; (S.P.); (N.K.); (M.T.); (S.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Radha
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India; (S.P.); (N.K.); (M.T.); (S.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR—Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - Neeraj Kumari
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India; (S.P.); (N.K.); (M.T.); (S.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Mamta Thakur
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India; (S.P.); (N.K.); (M.T.); (S.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Sonia Rathour
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India; (S.P.); (N.K.); (M.T.); (S.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Ashok Pundir
- School of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India;
| | - Abhishek Kumar Sharma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India;
| | - Sneh Punia Bangar
- Department of Food, Nutrition, & Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA;
| | - Sangram Dhumal
- Division of Horticulture, RCSM College of Agriculture, Kolhapur 416004, India;
| | - Surinder Singh
- Dr. S.S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India;
| | - Anitha Thiyagarajan
- Department of Postharvest Technology, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam 625604, India;
| | - Anshu Sharma
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni 173230, India;
| | - Munisha Sharma
- Sri Shankara Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Bengaluru 560004, India;
| | - Sushil Changan
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry and Post-Harvest Technology, ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla 171001, India;
| | - Minnu Sasi
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Marisennayya Senapathy
- Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Extension, College of Agriculture, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, SNNPR, Ethiopia;
| | - Prakash Chandra Pradhan
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR—Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi 110012, India;
| | - Nitin Kumar Garg
- Division of Biochemistry, Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner 303329, India;
| | - Tamilselvan Ilakiya
- Department of Vegetable Science, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India;
| | - Mukesh Nitin
- Department of Tech. Biosciences, Digianalix, South Samaj Street, Tharpakhna, Ranchi 834001, India;
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacy Program, Department of Phamaceutical Sciences, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia;
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Sunil Puri
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India; (S.P.); (N.K.); (M.T.); (S.R.); (S.P.)
| | - Suman Natta
- ICAR—National Research Centre for Orchids, Pakyong 737106, India;
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, 86/1 College Street, Kolkata 700073, India;
| | - Ryszard Amarowicz
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Mohamed Mekhemar
- Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Christian-Albrecht’s University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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10
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Bilberry ( Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Powder Has Anticarcinogenic Effects on Oral Carcinoma In Vitro and In Vivo. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081319. [PMID: 34439567 PMCID: PMC8389301 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies indicate that bilberry with high amounts of phenolic compounds can inhibit carcinogenic processes of colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo. However, no studies have focused on the effects of bilberry on oral cancer. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of bilberry powder on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells using both in vitro and in vivo assays. The effects of 0, 1, 10, and 25 mg/mL of whole bilberry powder on the viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of OSCC (HSC-3) cells were examined and compared with 0.01 mg/mL of cetuximab. Two oral keratinocyte cell lines served as controls. Tumor area was analyzed in zebrafish microinjected with HSC-3 cells and treated with 2.5, 10, or 25 µg/mL of bilberry powder. Metastases in the head or tail areas were counted. Bilberry powder inhibited the viability, proliferation, migration, and invasion of HSC-3 cells (p < 0.05), which was more pronounced with higher concentrations. Cetuximab had no effect on HSC-3 cell migration or invasion. Compared to controls, the tumor area in zebrafish treated with bilberry powder (10 and 25 µg/mL) was reduced significantly (p = 0.038 and p = 0.021, respectively), but the number of fish with metastases did not differ between groups. Based on our in vitro and in vivo experiments, we conclude that whole bilberry powder has anti-tumor effects on OSCC cells.
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11
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Nasry WHS, Martin CK. Intersecting Mechanisms of Hypoxia and Prostaglandin E2-Mediated Inflammation in the Comparative Biology of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:539361. [PMID: 34094895 PMCID: PMC8175905 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.539361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of inflammation in the pathogenesis of cancer was first proposed by Rudolph Virchow over 150 years ago, and our understanding of its significance has grown over decades of biomedical research. The arachidonic acid pathway of inflammation, including cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, PGE2 synthase enzymes, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGE2 receptors has been extensively studied and has been associated with different diseases and different types of cancers, including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). In addition to inflammation in the tumour microenvironment, low oxygen levels (hypoxia) within tumours have also been shown to contribute to tumour progression. Understandably, most of our OSCC knowledge comes from study of this aggressive cancer in human patients and in experimental rodent models. However, domestic animals develop OSCC spontaneously and this is an important, and difficult to treat, form of cancer in veterinary medicine. The primary goal of this review article is to explore the available evidence regarding interaction between hypoxia and the arachidonic acid pathway of inflammation during malignant behaviour of OSCC. Overlapping mechanisms in hypoxia and inflammation can contribute to tumour growth, angiogenesis, and, importantly, resistance to therapy. The benefits and controversies of anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic therapies for human and animal OSCC patients will be discussed, including conventional pharmaceutical agents as well as natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Hamed Shaker Nasry
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
| | - Chelsea K Martin
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
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12
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Health Effects of Grape Seed and Skin Extracts and Their Influence on Biochemical Markers. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225311. [PMID: 33202575 PMCID: PMC7696942 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review is focused on the study of the effects of grape seed and skin extract (GSSE) on human health. GSSE contains high concentrations of important polyphenolic substances with high biological activity. This review is a summary of studies that investigate the effects of GSSE on diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease and cancer, its neuroprotective effect, and its effects on the gastrointestinal tract and other health complications related to these diseases. The results of the studies confirm that the anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and pro-proliferative effects of “Vitis vinifera L.” seed extract reduce the level of oxidative stress and improve the overall lipid metabolism.
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Zeng YX, Wang S, Wei L, Cui YY, Chen YH. Proanthocyanidins: Components, Pharmacokinetics and Biomedical Properties. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 48:813-869. [PMID: 32536248 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x2050041x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are a group of polyphenols enriched in plant and human food. In recent decades, epidemiological studies have upheld the direct relationship between PA consumption and health benefits; therefore, studies on PAs have become a research hotspot. Although the oral bioavailability of PAs is quite low, pharmacokinetics data revealed that some small molecules and colonic microbial metabolites of PAs could be absorbed and exert their health beneficial effects. The pharmacological effects of PAs mainly include anti-oxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammation, antimicrobial, cardiovascular protection, neuroprotection, and metabolism-regulation behaviors. Moreover, current toxicological studies show that PAs have no observable toxicity to humans. This review summarizes the resources, extraction, structures, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology, and toxicology of PAs and discusses the limitations of current studies. Areas for further research are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Xi Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Sen Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Lu Wei
- Department of Cell Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Yu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education (Tongji University), Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.,Heart Health Centre, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.,Department of Cell Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
| | - Yi-Han Chen
- Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias, Ministry of Education (Tongji University), Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.,Heart Health Centre, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.,Department of Cardiology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, P. R. China.,Institute of Medical Genetics, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China.,Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P. R. China
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14
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Albogami S. Proanthocyanidins reduce cellular function in the most globally diagnosed cancers in vitro. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9910. [PMID: 32983646 PMCID: PMC7500326 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence indicates that proanthocyanidins (PACs) may be effective in treating and preventing various cancers. The fundamental mechanism of PACs inhibiting the proliferation at cellular and molecular levels in most of the cancer types remains unclear. OBJECTIVE The anticancer efficacy of PACs was investigated in vitro using three human cancer cell lines: human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29), human breast carcinoma (MCF-7), and human prostatic adenocarcinoma (PC-3). METHODS Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay, while cell proliferation was measured by trypan blue exclusion method. Cell migration was measured by wound healing assay, and DAPI staining was used to evaluate apoptotic nucleus morphology. RT-PCR was used to analyze the expression of Bax and Bcl-2, and caspase enzyme activity assay was measured by caspase colorimetric assay. RESULTS PACs could inhibit both cellular viability and proliferation in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion in all investigated cells. Further, all tested cells showed similarly decreased migration after 24- and 48-h PAC treatment. We observed increased apoptotic nucleus morphology in treated cells (p ≤ 0.01). BAX expression significantly increased in HT-29 (p < 0.01), PC-3(p < 0.01), and MCF-7 (p < 0.05) cells, while BCL-2 expression significantly declined (p < 0.05). Caspase activities were significantly increased in all tested cancer cell lines after 24-h PAC treatment. CONCLUSION PACs may have potential therapeutic properties against colorectal, breast, and prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Albogami
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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15
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Wu X, Yu H, Zhou H, Li Z, Huang H, Xiao F, Xu S, Yang Y. Proanthocyanidin B2 inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells by suppressing the PI3K/AKT pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:11960-11971. [PMID: 32914567 PMCID: PMC7579710 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most common primary malignant bone tumour in children and adolescents. The long‐term survival rate of OS patients is stubbornly low mainly due to the chemotherapy resistance. We therefore aimed to investigate the antitumoral effects and underlying mechanisms of proanthocyanidin B2 (PB2) on OS cells in the current study. The effect of PB2 on the proliferation and apoptosis of OS cell lines was assessed by CCK‐8, colony formation, and flow cytometry assays. The target gene and protein expression levels were measured by qRT‐PCR and Western blotting. A xenograft mouse model was established to assess the effects of PB2 on OS proliferation and apoptosis in vivo. Results from in vitro experiments showed that PB2 inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of OS cells, and also increased the expression levels of apoptosis‐related proteins. Moreover, PB2 induced OS cell apoptosis through suppressing the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. The in vivo experiments further confirmed that PB2 could inhibit OS tumour growth and induce its apoptosis. Taken together, these results suggested that PB2 inhibited the proliferation and induced apoptosis of OS cells through the suppression of the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinbo Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haichao Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zihua Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fajiao Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaochen Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunfeng Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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16
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Ankola AV, Kumar V, Thakur S, Singhal R, Smitha T, Sankeshwari R. Anticancer and antiproliferative efficacy of a standardized extract of Vaccinium macrocarpon on the highly differentiating oral cancer KB cell line athwart the cytotoxicity evaluation of the same on the normal fibroblast L929 cell line. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2020; 24:258-265. [PMID: 33456234 PMCID: PMC7802834 DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_129_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The perpetual search is on to find botanical complementary adjuncts to the conventional therapies used that is not only cost-effective but also reduces side effects associated with conventional synthetic drugs that are available in the market. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro anticancer efficacy of hydroalcoholic fruit extract of cranberry against oral cancer KB cell line by Di-Methyl Thiazoldiphenyl Tetrazolium bromide assay (MTT) assay and its cytotoxicity on normal fibroblast cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Vaccinium macrocarpon extract was prepared using a hydroethanolic solvent (water - 30%:ethanol - 70%) using the standardized maceration protocol. Standard KB and normal fibroblast (L929) cell lines were used. The minimum lethal effect of the extract was calculated using the MTT cytotoxicity assay. RESULTS The extract shows a satisfactory antiproliferative effect on the KB cell line and a higher cell viability percentage of the normal fibroblast cell line. CONCLUSION V. macrocarpon can prove to be an adjunct to the existing anticancer drug therapy against oral cancer KB cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil V. Ankola
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
| | - Vaibhav Kumar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, TPCT's Terna Dental College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Simran Thakur
- Intern, TPCT's Terna Dental College, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Richa Singhal
- Department of Paediatrics, Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - T Smitha
- Department of Oral Pathology, V.S. Dental College and Hospital, VV Puram, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Roopali Sankeshwari
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, KLE Academy of Higher Education and Research, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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17
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Orafaie A, Matin MM, Sadeghian H. The importance of 15-lipoxygenase inhibitors in cancer treatment. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2018; 37:397-408. [DOI: 10.1007/s10555-018-9738-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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18
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Yang N, Gao J, Cheng X, Hou C, Yang Y, Qiu Y, Xu M, Zhang Y, Huang S. Grape seed proanthocyanidins inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells through suppressing the protein kinase B/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1881-1888. [PMID: 29039443 PMCID: PMC5716438 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is the most common oral squamous cell carcinoma. Despite significant advances in combined therapies, the 5-year survival rate of patients with TSCC has not notably improved; this is due to regional recurrences and lymph node metastasis. Grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSPs) are consumed as dietary supplements worldwide and possess anticancer activity against several different types of cancer. However, their effect on TSCC and the underlying mechanisms by which they function remain unclear. In the present study, it was identified that GSPs significantly inhibited the viability and induced the apoptosis of Tca8113 cells in a dose-dependent manner. This was associated with a significantly increased expression of the pro-apoptosis regulator BAX protein and a significantly decreased expression of the anti-apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 protein at 100 µg/ml GSPs. In addition, at non-toxic concentrations GSPs significantly inhibited the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-9 from Tca8113 cells, as well as their migration and invasion. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that GSPs significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and IκB kinase, as well as the translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) into the nucleus of Tca8113 cells. Taken together, these results suggest that GSPs inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of Tca8113 cells through suppression of the Akt/NF-κB signaling pathway. This indicates that GSPs may be developed as a novel potential chemopreventive agent against TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninggang Yang
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital of Lanzhou City, Lanzhou, Gansu 730050, P.R. China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hospital of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
| | - Xin Cheng
- School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Cuilan Hou
- School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yaya Yang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yanxin Qiu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Mengrou Xu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Shuangsheng Huang
- Medical College of Northwest University for Nationalities, Lanzhou, Gansu 730030, P.R. China
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19
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Cranberries and Cancer: An Update of Preclinical Studies Evaluating the Cancer Inhibitory Potential of Cranberry and Cranberry Derived Constituents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:antiox5030027. [PMID: 27548236 PMCID: PMC5039576 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5030027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cranberries are rich in bioactive constituents reported to influence a variety of health benefits, ranging from improved immune function and decreased infections to reduced cardiovascular disease and more recently cancer inhibition. A review of cranberry research targeting cancer revealed positive effects of cranberries or cranberry derived constituents against 17 different cancers utilizing a variety of in vitro techniques, whereas in vivo studies supported the inhibitory action of cranberries toward cancers of the esophagus, stomach, colon, bladder, prostate, glioblastoma and lymphoma. Mechanisms of cranberry-linked cancer inhibition include cellular death induction via apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy; reduction of cellular proliferation; alterations in reactive oxygen species; and modification of cytokine and signal transduction pathways. Given the emerging positive preclinical effects of cranberries, future clinical directions targeting cancer or premalignancy in high risk cohorts should be considered.
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20
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Lee JH. Antibacterial Activity Against Oral Pathogens and Anti–Oral Cancer Activity ofArtemisiaSpeciesIn Vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10496475.2015.1091424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Lee Y. Cancer Chemopreventive Potential of Procyanidin. Toxicol Res 2015; 33:273-282. [PMID: 29071011 PMCID: PMC5654195 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2017.33.4.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemoprevention entails the use of synthetic agents or naturally occurring dietary phytochemicals to prevent cancer development and progression. One promising chemopreventive agent, procyanidin, is a naturally occurring polyphenol that exhibits beneficial health effects including anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and antitumor activities. Currently, many preclinical reports suggest procyanidin as a promising lead compound for cancer prevention and treatment. As a potential anticancer agent, procyanidin has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of various cancer cells in “in vitro and in vivo”. Procyanidin has numerous targets, many of which are components of intracellular signaling pathways, including proinflammatory mediators, regulators of cell survival and apoptosis, and angiogenic and metastatic mediators, and modulates a set of upstream kinases, transcription factors, and their regulators. Although remarkable progress characterizing the molecular mechanisms and targets underlying the anticancer properties of procyanidin has been made in the past decade, the chemopreventive targets or biomarkers of procyanidin action have not been completely elucidated. This review focuses on the apoptosis and tumor inhibitory effects of procyanidin with respect to its bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkyu Lee
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Dongseo University, Busan, Korea
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22
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Tang EL, Rajarajeswaran J, Fung S, Kanthimathi MS. Petroselinum crispum has antioxidant properties, protects against DNA damage and inhibits proliferation and migration of cancer cells. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2015; 95:2763-71. [PMID: 25582089 PMCID: PMC5024025 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Petroselinum crispum (English parsley) is a common herb of the Apiaceae family that is cultivated throughout the world and is widely used as a seasoning condiment. Studies have shown its potential as a medicinal herb. In this study, P. crispum leaf and stem extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant properties, protection against DNA damage in normal 3T3-L1 cells, and the inhibition of proliferation and migration of the MCF-7 cells. RESULTS The dichloromethane extract of P. crispum exhibited the highest phenolic content (42.31 ± 0.50 mg GAE g(-1) ) and ferric reducing ability (0.360 ± 0.009 mmol g(-1) ) of the various extractions performed. The extract showed DPPH radical scavenging activity with an IC50 value of 3310.0 ± 80.5 µg mL(-1) . Mouse fibroblasts (3T3-L1) pre-treated with 400 µg mL(-1) of the extract showed 50.9% protection against H2 O2 -induced DNA damage, suggesting its potential in cancer prevention. The extract (300 µg mL(-1) ) inhibited H2 O2 -induced MCF-7 cell migration by 41% ± 4%. As cell migration is necessary for metastasis of cancer cells, inhibition of migration is an indication of protection against metastasis. CONCLUSION Petroselinum crispum has health-promoting properties with the potential to prevent oxidative stress-related diseases and can be developed into functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Lai‐Har Tang
- Centre for Natural Products and Drug Discovery (CENAR) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Jayakumar Rajarajeswaran
- Centre for Natural Products and Drug Discovery (CENAR) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - ShinYee Fung
- Centre for Natural Products and Drug Discovery (CENAR) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - MS Kanthimathi
- Centre for Natural Products and Drug Discovery (CENAR) and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of Malaya50603 Kuala LumpurMalaysia
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23
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Yen CY, Hou MF, Yang ZW, Tang JY, Li KT, Huang HW, Huang YH, Lee SY, Fu TF, Hsieh CY, Chen BH, Chang HW. Concentration effects of grape seed extracts in anti-oral cancer cells involving differential apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:94. [PMID: 25880412 PMCID: PMC4393634 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0621-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Grape seeds extract (GSE) is a famous health food supplement for its antioxidant property. Different concentrations of GSE may have different impacts on cellular oxidative/reduction homeostasis. Antiproliferative effect of GSE has been reported in many cancers but rarely in oral cancer. METHODS The aim of this study is to examine the antioral cancer effects of different concentrations of GSE in terms of cell viability, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial function, and DNA damage. RESULTS High concentrations (50-400 μg/ml) of GSE dose-responsively inhibited proliferation of oral cancer Ca9-22 cells but low concentrations (1-10 μg/ml) of GSE showed a mild effect in a MTS assay. For apoptosis analyses, subG1 population and annexin V intensity in high concentrations of GSE-treated Ca9-22 cells was increased but less so at low concentrations. ROS generation and mitochondrial depolarization increased dose-responsively at high concentrations but showed minor changes at low concentrations of GSE in Ca9-22 cells. Additionally, high concentrations of GSE dose-responsively induced more γH2AX-based DNA damage than low concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Differential concentrations of GSE may have a differentially antiproliferative function against oral cancer cells via differential apoptosis, oxidative stress and DNA damage.
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24
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Khairnar MR, Karibasappa GN, Dodamani AS, Vishwakarma P, Naik RG, Deshmukh MA. Comparative assessment of Cranberry and Chlorhexidine mouthwash on streptococcal colonization among dental students: A randomized parallel clinical trial. Contemp Clin Dent 2015; 6:35-9. [PMID: 25684909 PMCID: PMC4319342 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237x.149289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash has earned an eponym of the gold standard against oral infections, but with certain limitations. There is no effective alternative to Chlorhexidine. Cranberry is known to inhibit bacterial adhesion in various systemic infections and acts as a strong antioxidant. However, it is less explored for its dental use. Hence, there is a need to evaluate its effect against oral infections. Aim: The aim was to compare the efficacy of 0.2% Chlorhexidine mouthwash with 0.6% Cranberry mouthwash on Streptococcus mutans. Materials and Methods: This was a double-blind, randomized parallel group clinical trial. Total sample of 50 subjects, aged 18–20 years, were randomly divided into two groups, Group A (25) and Group B (25) were given 10 mL of Chlorhexidine mouthwash and Cranberry mouthwash twice daily, respectively, for 14 days each. The plaque samples, which were taken from the subjects on 1st day and 14th day, were inoculated on blood agar plates and incubated at 37°C for 24–48 h. Number of streptococcal colony forming units were calculated using digital colony counter. The data were subjected to paired t-test and unpaired t-test at a 5% significance level. Results: (1) Chlorhexidine mouthwash showed 69% reduction whereas Cranberry mouthwash showed 68% reduction in S. mutans count. (2) No significant difference was seen between Chlorhexidine and Cranberry mouthwash on streptococci. Conclusion: Cranberry mouthwash is equally effective as Chlorhexidine mouthwash with beneficial local and systemic effect. Hence, it can be used effectively as an alternative to Chlorhexidine mouthwash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh R Khairnar
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, ACPM Dental College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - G N Karibasappa
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, ACPM Dental College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arun S Dodamani
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, ACPM Dental College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | | | - Rahul G Naik
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, ACPM Dental College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manjiri A Deshmukh
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, ACPM Dental College, Dhule, Maharashtra, India
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Ravindran G, Sawant SS, Hague A, Kingsley K, Devaraj H. Association of differential β-catenin expression with Oct-4 and Nanog in oral squamous cell carcinoma and their correlation with clinicopathological factors and prognosis. Head Neck 2014; 37:982-93. [PMID: 24700702 DOI: 10.1002/hed.23699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The re-expression of pluripotent markers (Oct-4 and Nanog) and the reactivation of stem cell-related pathways in oral carcinoma have been well researched. However, the relationship between the stem cell signaling molecule β-catenin and pluripotent markers Oct-4 and Nanog in oral cancer is yet to be studied in detail. Therefore, we have investigated the correlation among Oct-4, Nanog, and β-catenin in oral squamous cell carcinoma, which, in turn, could provide valuable insight into its prognostic significance. METHODS The immunohistochemical analysis was performed for 60 cases of oral cancer to study the expression pattern of Oct-4, Nanog, and β-catenin. Whereas immunofluorescence analysis was used to investigate the co-localization of β-catenin with Oct-4 and Nanog in oral carcinoma tissues and H314 cell line. Finally, co-immunoprecipitation analysis was used to study the possible interaction between β-catenin and Oct-4 in oral carcinoma cells. RESULTS β-catenin, Oct-4, and Nanog showed significant correlation with lymph node metastasis, stage, grade, and prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Interestingly, a significant positive correlation was found among the expression of Oct-4, Nanog, and β-catenin. Moreover, the interaction between β-catenin and Oct-4 was observed in oral cancer. CONCLUSION The positive correlation among Oct-4, Nanog, and β-catenin suggests their coordinated role in maintaining proliferation in oral carcinoma cells. The interaction between β-catenin and Oct-4 may be a crucial event in oral carcinogenesis. On the other hand, β-catenin, Oct-4, and Nanog could be used as independent prognostic markers of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokulan Ravindran
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sharada S Sawant
- Cancer Research Institute, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research and Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Angela Hague
- School of Oral and Dental Sciences, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Karl Kingsley
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada
| | - Halagowder Devaraj
- Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Zoology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Vasantha Rupasinghe H, Nair SV, Robinson RA. Chemopreventive Properties of Fruit Phenolic Compounds and Their Possible Mode of Actions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63281-4.00008-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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Hamlaoui-Gasmi S, Mokni M, Limam N, N’guessan P, Carrier A, Limam F, Amri M, Aouani E, Marzouki L. Grape seed and skin extract mitigates garlic-induced oxidative stress in rat liver. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 90:547-56. [DOI: 10.1139/y2012-025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Garlic is a commonly used spice in folk medicine that can exert adverse health effects when given at a high dose. Grape seed and skin extract (GSSE) exhibits a variety of beneficial effects even at a high dose. In the present study we evaluated the toxicity of high-dose garlic treatment on liver and the protective effect of GSSE. Rats were intraperitoneally administered either with garlic extract (5 g·(kg body weight)–1) or GSSE (500 mg·(kg body weight)–1) or a combination of garlic and GSSE at the same doses daily for 1 month. Plasma and hepatic levels of cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and transaminases and liver antioxidant status were evaluated. Data showed that a high garlic dose induced liver toxicity and a pro-oxidative status characterized by increased malondialdehyde and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities as catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. Garlic increased intracellular H2O2but decreased free iron and Ca2+. GSSE alone or in co-treatment with garlic had the reverse effect and counteracted almost all garlic-induced deleterious impacts to near control levels. In conclusion, a high garlic dose induced a pro-oxidative state characterized by the Fenton reaction between H2O2and free iron, inducing Ca2+depletion, while GSSE exerted antioxidant properties and Ca2+repletion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Hamlaoui-Gasmi
- Laboratoire de neurophysiologie fonctionnelle et pathologies, Département des sciences biologiques, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire El Manar II-2092 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Meherzia Mokni
- Laboratoire de neurophysiologie fonctionnelle et pathologies, Département des sciences biologiques, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire El Manar II-2092 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Nadia Limam
- Laboratoire de neurophysiologie fonctionnelle et pathologies, Département des sciences biologiques, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire El Manar II-2092 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Prudence N’guessan
- INSERM, U624 « Stress cellulaire », Case 915 Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille CEDEX 9, France
| | - Alice Carrier
- INSERM, U624 « Stress cellulaire », Case 915 Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13288 Marseille CEDEX 9, France
| | - Ferid Limam
- Laboratoire des substances bioactives, Centre de biotechnologie, Technopole Borj-Cedria, BP-901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisie
| | - Mohamed Amri
- Laboratoire de neurophysiologie fonctionnelle et pathologies, Département des sciences biologiques, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire El Manar II-2092 Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Ezzedine Aouani
- Laboratoire des substances bioactives, Centre de biotechnologie, Technopole Borj-Cedria, BP-901, 2050 Hammam-Lif, Tunisie
| | - Lamjed Marzouki
- Laboratoire de neurophysiologie fonctionnelle et pathologies, Département des sciences biologiques, Faculté des sciences de Tunis, Campus Universitaire El Manar II-2092 Tunis, Tunisie
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Moody M, Le O, Rickert M, Manuele J, Chang S, Robinson G, Hajibandeh J, Silvaroli J, Keiserman MA, Bergman CJ, Kingsley K. Folic acid supplementation increases survival and modulates high risk HPV-induced phenotypes in oral squamous cell carcinoma cells and correlates with p53 mRNA transcriptional down-regulation. Cancer Cell Int 2012; 12:10. [PMID: 22443202 PMCID: PMC3340312 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-12-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the primary risk factors for developing oral cancers are well understood, less is known about the relationship among the secondary factors that may modulate the progression of oral cancers, such as high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and folic acid (FA) supplementation. This study examined high-risk HPV and FA supplementation effects, both singly and in combination, to modulate the proliferative phenotypes of the oral cancer cell lines CAL27, SCC25 and SCC15. RESULTS Using a comprehensive series of integrated in vitro assays, distinct effects of HPV infection and FA supplementation were observed. Both high-risk HPV strains 16 and 18 induced robust growth-stimulating effects in CAL27 and normal HGF-1 cells, although strain-specific responses were observed in SCC25 and SCC15 cells. Differential effects were also observed with FA administration, which significantly altered the growth rate of the oral cancer cell lines CAL27, SCC15, and SCC25, but not HGF-1 cells. Unlike HPV, FA administration induced broad, general increases in cell viability among all cell lines that were associated with p53 mRNA transcriptional down-regulation. None of these cell lines were found to harbor the common C677T mutation in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR), which can reduce FA availability and may increase oral cancer risk. CONCLUSION Increased FA utilization and DNA hypermethylation are common features of oral cancers, and in these cell lines, specifically. The results of this study provide further evidence that FA antimetabolites, such as Fluorouracil (f5U or 5-FU) and Raltitrexed, may be alternative therapies for tumors resistant to other therapies. Moreover, since the incidence of oral HPV infection has been increasing, and can influence oral cancer growth, the relationship between FA bioavailability and concomitant HPV infection must be elucidated. This study is among the first pre-clinical studies to evaluate FA- and HPV-induced effects in oral cancers, both separately and in combination, which provides additional rationale for clinical screening of HPV infection prior to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Moody
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, USA.
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Lin YS, Chen SF, Liu CL, Nieh S. The chemoadjuvant potential of grape seed procyanidins on p53-related cell death in oral cancer cells. J Oral Pathol Med 2011; 41:322-31. [PMID: 22103929 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2011.01103.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To clarify the efficacy of grape seed procyanidin (GSP) on antiproliferative effects related to p53 functional status of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) for its chemoadjuvant potential. METHODS We used GSP to investigate SCC-25 cells with wild-type p53 gene and OEC-M1 cells with mutant p53 gene for the assessment of antiproliferative effects including cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration and invasion potential, and alterations of associated oncoproteins involved in cellular and molecular events. RESULTS The findings suggest that GSP on OEC-M1 cells leads to cell cycle arrest by increasing the expression of p21(Cip1) /p27(Kip1) protein without functioning mitochondria-mediated apoptosis, whereas GSP on SCC-25 cells inhibits cell proliferation via both G1-phase arrest and mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner as a result of alterations of Bcl-2. GSP also inhibits the migration and invasion of both cells, which are associated with the suppression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), MMP-2 and MMP-9. CONCLUSION Antiproliferative effectiveness of GSP is closely associated with the p53 status of OSCC cells. GSP displays chemoadjuvant potential via cell cycle blockage and apoptotic induction. Our findings clearly suggest that GSP may play a role as a novel chemopreventive or therapeutic agent for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoh-Shiang Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, National Defense Medical Centre & Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Neto CC. Cranberries: ripe for more cancer research? JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2011; 91:2303-2307. [PMID: 21910124 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.4621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Berries have been recognized as a functional food with potential to protect against a variety of health conditions, including some cancers. Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) production and consumption have grown in recent years, warranting further evaluation of potential health benefits. Extracts and isolated constituents from cranberry fruit inhibit growth and proliferation of tumor cells in vitro, and recent data from animal studies lend further support to cranberry's reputation as a cancer fighter. Several likely mechanisms of action for cranberry against prostate and other cancers have been identified, including induction of apoptosis and inhibition of events linked to cellular invasion and migration. This article attempts to put into perspective what is known about cranberry's potential chemopreventive properties, what is yet to be determined, and some factors to consider as research moves forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C Neto
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Massachusetts-Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA 02747, USA.
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Kalaivani T, Rajasekaran C, Suthindhiran K, Mathew L. Free Radical Scavenging, Cytotoxic and Hemolytic Activities from Leaves of Acacia nilotica (L.) Wild. ex. Delile subsp. indica (Benth.) Brenan. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:274741. [PMID: 21799676 PMCID: PMC3135906 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/neq060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Dietary intake of phytochemicals having antioxidant activity is associated with a lower risk of mortality from many diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the free radical scavenging, cytotoxic and hemolytic activities of leaves of Acacia nilotica by using various methods. The results of the present study revealed that ethanol extract was the most effective and IC50 value was found to be 53.6 μg mL−1 for Vero cell lines and 28.9 μg mL−1 for Hela cell lines in cytotoxicity assays. The zone of color retention was 14.2 mm in β-carotene bleaching assay, which was as significant as positive control, butylated hydroxy toluene. None of the tested extracts possessed any hemolytic activity against rat and human erythrocytes revealing their cytotoxic mechanism and non-toxicity. Thus, only the ethanol extract could be considered as a potential source of anticancer and antioxidant compounds. Further phytochemical studies will be performed for specification of the biologically active principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kalaivani
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Gibellini L, Pinti M, Nasi M, Montagna JP, De Biasi S, Roat E, Bertoncelli L, Cooper EL, Cossarizza A. Quercetin and cancer chemoprevention. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:591356. [PMID: 21792362 PMCID: PMC3136711 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/neq053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Several molecules present in the diet, including flavonoids, can inhibit the growth of cancer cells with an ability to act as "chemopreventers". Their cancer-preventive effects have been attributed to various mechanisms, including the induction of cell-cycle arrest and/or apoptosis as well as the antioxidant functions. The antioxidant activity of chemopreventers has recently received a great interest, essentially because oxidative stress participates in the initiation and progression of different pathological conditions, including cancer. Since antioxidants are capable of preventing oxidative damage, the wide use of natural food-derived antioxidants is receiving greater attention as potential anti-carcinogens. Among flavonoids, quercetin (Qu) is considered an excellent free-radical scavenging antioxidant, even if such an activity strongly depends on the intracellular availability of reduced glutathione. Apart from antioxidant activity, Qu also exerts a direct, pro-apoptotic effect in tumor cells, and can indeed block the growth of several human cancer cell lines at different phases of the cell cycle. Both these effects have been documented in a wide variety of cellular models as well as in animal models. The high toxicity exerted by Qu on cancer cells perfectly matches with the almost total absence of any damages for normal, non-transformed cells. In this review we discuss the molecular mechanisms that are based on the biological effects of Qu, and their relevance for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Gibellini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia School of Medicine, 41125 Modena, Italy
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Abstract
Access to a wealth of information on the internet has led many cancer patients to use complementary methods as an adjunct to traditional therapy for cancer, with, and more often, without informing their primary caregiver. Of the common complementary modalities, the use of dietary supplements appears to be highly prevalent in patients in active treatment for cancer, and later in cancer survivors. Emerging research suggests that some plant-based agents may, indeed, impact late-stage cancer, influencing molecular processes corrupted by tumor cells to evade detection, expand clonally, and invade surrounding tissues. The intent of this article is to review some of the current science underpinning the use of nutraceuticals in the latter stages of cancer.
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Kaur M, Agarwal C, Agarwal R. Anticancer and cancer chemopreventive potential of grape seed extract and other grape-based products. J Nutr 2009; 139:1806S-12S. [PMID: 19640973 PMCID: PMC2728696 DOI: 10.3945/jn.109.106864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
With emerging trends in the incidence of cancer of various organ sites, additional approaches are needed to control human malignancies. Intervention or prevention of cancer by dietary constituents, a strategy defined as chemoprevention, holds great promise in our conquest to control cancer, because it can be implemented on a broader population base with less economic burden. Consistent with this, several epidemiological studies have shown that populations that consume diets rich in fruits and vegetables have an overall lower cancer incidence. Based on these encouraging observations, research efforts from across the globe have focused on identifying, characterizing, and providing scientific basis to the efficacy of various phytonutrients in an effort to develop effective strategy to control various human malignancies. Cancer induction, growth, and progression are multi-step events and numerous studies have demonstrated that various dietary agents interfere with these stages of cancer, thus blocking malignancy. Fruits and vegetables represent untapped reservoir of various nutritive and nonnutritive phytochemicals with potential cancer chemopreventive activity. Grapes and grape-based products are one such class of dietary products that have shown cancer chemopreventive potential and are also known to improve overall human health. This review focuses on recent advancements in cancer chemopreventive and anticancer efficacy of grape seed extract and other grape-based products. Overall, completed studies from various scientific groups conclude that both grapes and grape-based products are excellent sources of various anticancer agents and their regular consumption should thus be beneficial to the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjinder Kaur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80045
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80045
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy and University of Colorado Cancer Center, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80045
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Akyuz C, Sehirli AO, Topaloglu U, Ogunc AV, Cetinel S, Sener G. Protective Effects of Proanthocyanidin on Cerulein-induced Acute Pancreatic Inflammation in Rats. Gastroenterology Res 2009; 2:20-28. [PMID: 27956946 PMCID: PMC5139881 DOI: 10.4021/gr2009.02.1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to assess the possible protective effect of proanthocyanidin against cerulein-induced acute pancreatic inflammation (AP) and oxidative injury. Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with proanthocyanidine (100 mg/kg, orally) or saline 15 min before cerulein was given by 20 µg/kg subcutaneously at 1-h intervals within 4 hours. Six hours after cerulein or saline injections, the animals were killed by decapitation. Blood samples were collected to analyze amylase, lipase, and proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1b). Pancreas tissues were taken for the determination of tissue glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, Na+, K+-ATPase and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities. Formation of reactive oxygen species in pancreatic tissue samples was monitored by using chemiluminescence (CL) technique with luminol and lucigenin probes, while the extent of tissue injury was analyzed microscopically. Results Acute pancreatitis caused a significant decrease in tissue GSH level and Na+, K+-ATPase activity, which was accompanied with significant increases in the pancreatic MDA, luminol and lucigenin chemiluminescences (CL) levels and MPO activity. Similarly TNF-α and IL-1β levels were elevated in the pancreatic group as compared to control group. On the other hand, proanthocyanidin treatment reversed all these biochemical indices, as well as histopathological alterations that were induced by cerulein. Conclusions Proanthocyanidine can ameliorate pancreatic injury induced by cerulein in rats, this result suggests that proanthocyanidin may have utility in treating acute pancreatititis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cebrail Akyuz
- Department of 5 Surgery, Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital
| | | | - Umit Topaloglu
- Department of 5 Surgery, Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital
| | | | - Sule Cetinel
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Histology & Embryology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Goksel Sener
- Department of 5 Surgery, Haydarpasa Numune Education and Research Hospital
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