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Nag S, Stany B, Mishra S, Kumar S, Mohanto S, Ahmed MG, Mathew B, Subramaniyan V. Multireceptor Analysis for Evaluating the Antidiabetic Efficacy of Karanjin: A Computational Approach. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2024; 7:e509. [PMID: 38982323 PMCID: PMC11233261 DOI: 10.1002/edm2.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus, notably type 2, is a rising global health challenge, prompting the need for effective management strategies. Common medications such as metformin, insulin, repaglinide and sitagliptin can induce side effects like gastrointestinal disturbances, hypoglycemia, weight gain and specific organ risks. Plant-derived therapies like Karanjin from Pongamia pinnata present promising alternatives due to their historical use, holistic health benefits and potentially fewer adverse effects. This study employs in silico analysis to explore Karanjin's interactions with diabetes-associated receptors, aiming to unveil its therapeutic potential while addressing the limitations and side effects associated with conventional medications. METHODOLOGY The research encompassed the selection of proteins from the Protein Data Bank (PDB), followed by structural refinement processes and optimization. Ligands such as Karanjin and standard drugs were retrieved from PubChem, followed by a comprehensive analysis of their ADMET profiling and pharmacokinetic properties. Protein-ligand interactions were evaluated through molecular docking using AutoDockTools 1.5.7, followed by the analysis of structural stability using coarse-grained simulations with CABS Flex 2.0. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed using Desmond 7.2 and the OPLS4 force field to explore how Karanjin interacts with proteins over 100 nanoseconds, focusing on the dynamics and structural stability. RESULTS Karanjin, a phytochemical from Pongamia pinnata, shows superior drug candidate potential compared to common medications, offering advantages in efficacy and reduced side effects. It adheres to drug-likeness criteria and exhibits optimal ADMET properties, including moderate solubility, high gastrointestinal absorption and blood-brain barrier penetration. Molecular docking revealed Karanjin's highest binding energy against receptor 3L2M (Pig pancreatic alpha-amylase) at -9.1 kcal/mol, indicating strong efficacy potential. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed stable ligand-protein complexes with minor fluctuations in RMSD and RMSF, suggesting robust interactions with receptors 3L2M. CONCLUSION Karanjin demonstrates potential in pharmaceutical expansion for treating metabolic disorders such as diabetes, as supported by computational analysis. Prospects for Karanjin in pharmaceutical development include structural modifications for enhanced efficacy and safety. Nanoencapsulation may improve bioavailability and targeted delivery to pancreatic cells, while combination therapies could optimize treatment outcomes in diabetes management. Clinical trials and experimental studies are crucial to validate its potential as a novel therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagnik Nag
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - B Stany
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences & Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shatakshi Mishra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio-Sciences & Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Sourav Mohanto
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Mohammed Gulzar Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Yenepoya Pharmacy College & Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Science Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
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Zhang C, Ma J, Liu C, Yan X. The protective effect of karanjin against sepsis-induced acute lung injury in mice is involved in the suppression of the TLR4 pathway. Chem Biol Drug Des 2024; 104:e14579. [PMID: 39013775 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe complication of sepsis. Karanjin, a natural flavonoid compound, has been proved to have anti-inflammatory function, but its role in sepsis-stimulated ALI is uncertain. Herein, the effect of karanjin on sepsis-stimulated ALI was investigated. We built a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated ALI. The histopathological morphology of lung tissues was scrutinized by hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining. The lung injury score and lung wet/dry weight ratio were detected. The myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were scrutinized by commercial kits. Murine alveolar lung epithelial (MLE-12) cells were treated with LPS to mimic a cellular model of ALI. The cell viability was scrutinized by the CCK-8 assay. The contents of proinflammatory cytokines were scrutinized by qRT-PCR and ELISA. The TLR4 and MyD88 contents were scrutinized by qRT-PCR and western blotting. Results showed that karanjin alleviated LPS-stimulated ALI in mice by inhibiting lung tissue lesions, edema, and oxidative stress. Moreover, karanjin inhibited LPS-stimulated inflammation and TLR4 pathway activation in mice. However, treatment with GSK1795091, an agonist of TLR4, attenuated the effects of karanjin on LPS-induced ALI. Furthermore, karanjin repressed LPS-stimulated inflammatory response and TLR4 pathway activation in MLE-12 cells. Overexpression of TLR4 attenuated karanjin effects on LPS-stimulated inflammatory responses in MLE-12 cells. In conclusion, karanjin repressed sepsis-stimulated ALI in mice by suppressing the TLR4 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujie Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Juncong Ma
- Department of Emergency, Lianshui County People's Hospital, Huai'an, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Emergency, Huai'an Second People's Hospital, The Affliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Xianliang Yan
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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Bhatt G, Gupta A, Rangan L, Mukund Limaye A. Global transcriptome analysis reveals partial estrogen-like effects of karanjin in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Gene 2022; 830:146507. [PMID: 35447244 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Karanjin, an abundantly occurring furanoflavonoid in edible and non-edible legumes, exerts diverse biological effects in vivo, and in vitro. Its potential as an anticancer agent is gaining traction following recent demonstrations of its anti-proliferative, cell cycle inhibitory, and pro-apoptotic effects. However, the genomic correlates of these activities are not known. In the present study we delineated the transcriptomic footprint of 10 μM karanjin in MCF-7 breast cancer cells, using next generation sequencing technology (RNA-seq). We show that karanjin-modulated gene-expression repertoire is enriched in several hallmark gene sets, which include early estrogen-response, and G2/M checkpoint genes. Genes modulated by karanjin overlapped with those modulated by 1 nM 17β-estradiol (E2), or 1 μM tamoxifen. The results suggest partial estrogen-like activity of karanjin, thereby presenting a caveat to its anticancer potential. Further investigations into its mechanisms of action are warranted to ascertain the true potential of karanjin in anticancer, or endocrine therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Bhatt
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Akshita Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Latha Rangan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
| | - Anil Mukund Limaye
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
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Marone PA, Olson J, Matulka R, Bauter M, Astwood JD. Safety and toxicologic evaluation of Edible Pongamia Oil: A novel food ingredient. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 166:113213. [PMID: 35697182 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Edible Pongamia Oil (EPO) was evaluated in an acute oral toxicity study, GLP 14-Day and 90-Day repeated dose isocaloric dietary toxicity studies in rats, and in vitro Bacterial Reverse Mutation, and in vivo Mammalian Bone Marrow Chromosome Aberration genotoxicity studies for potential use as a food ingredient. In a non-GLP acute study, an LD50 > 5000 mg/kg was determined. Subacute 14-day repeated dose dietary administration of 0, 5, 10 and 15% oil revealed no adverse changes in clinical pathology, liver histology, body weight or weight gain, food consumption or food efficiency. In a 90-day dietary study fed 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0%, no mortalities, clinical or ophthalmologic signs, body weight, body weight gain, food consumption, food efficiency or Functional Observational Battery/Motor Activity changes occurred with EPO consumption, nor were there any adverse changes in hematology, clinical chemistry, coagulation, urinalysis, or thyroid hormone values. There were no adverse macroscopic, estrus cycle, histopathologic or spermatogenesis findings, or absolute or relative organ weight changes related to administration of EPO. The No-Adverse-Effect-Level (NOAEL) was 10% in the diet, the highest dose tested, equivalent to 5163 (male) and 6469 (female) mg/kg/day in rats. No mutagenic or clastogenic genotoxic potential was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Palma Ann Marone
- Terviva, Inc, 980 Atlantic Ave., STE 105, Alameda, CA, 94501, USA.
| | - Jake Olson
- Terviva, Inc, 980 Atlantic Ave., STE 105, Alameda, CA, 94501, USA.
| | - Ray Matulka
- Burdock Group, 859 Outer Road, Orlando, FL, 32814, USA.
| | - Mark Bauter
- Product Safety Labs, 2394 Highway 130, Dayton, NJ, 08810, USA.
| | - James D Astwood
- Terviva, Inc, 980 Atlantic Ave., STE 105, Alameda, CA, 94501, USA.
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Singh SK, Rajoria K, Sharma S, Godatwar PK, Sharma S, Kotecha M, Agrawal SK, Sharma RP, Yadav S, Joshi R. An observational study on acceptability, palatability, and safety of Ayurveda immunity booster kit for the prevention of COVID-19 in frontline workers in Jaipur, India. Ayu 2021; 42:111-117. [PMID: 37303860 PMCID: PMC10251284 DOI: 10.4103/ayu.ayu_16_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, India, had distributed Ayurveda immunity booster kit (AIBK) (prepared at own pharmacy and comprising Chyawanprasha - 300 g, Vyadhi Kshamatva Kwatha - 300 g, and Vyadhi Kshamatva capsule - 30 g) for 15 days among the health-care workers, sanitation workers, and security and police staff engaged in the containment zones for prevention of COVID-19. Aim The aim of present study was to explore the medication that may be effective in prevention of the COVID -19. Hence, this study was done to assess the compliance of these medicines and their effects in the prevention of COVID-19. Methods One thousand seven hundred and fourteen frontline workers were provided with the AIBK for 15 days from April 24, 2020, to June 27, 2020. Data of frontline workers who had participated in AIBK and completed the treatment regimen with 2 weeks of follow-up after treatment with complete available data for safety, palatability, efficacy, and compliance were included in the study. Any adverse event needing hospitalization or medication, drug compliance and palatability, and appearance of the symptoms of COVID-19 or testing positive for COVID-19 were the outcome measures. Results Out of 1714 participants, 1003 participants were found to be eligible for this analysis. The median age of these participants was 39 years (range, 19-70), and males accounted for 90.1% (904 of 1003). A total of 7.5% of participants (75 of 1003) reported having adverse events after taking the study treatment. None of the participants reported any serious adverse effects after the administration of the AIBK. The acceptability of the AIBK was as high as 97.4%. None of the participants reported positive for COVID-19 results or COVID-19 symptoms up to 2 weeks of follow-up after completion of the study treatment. Conclusion The acceptability of AIBK is good and indicates its role in the prevention of COVID-19-like illness, hence further randomized control trials or cohort studies can be done to assess the mechanism of action and efficacy of AIBK as the preventive strategy in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvesh Kumar Singh
- Department of Panchakarma, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Kshipra Rajoria
- Department of Panchakarma, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sanjeev Sharma
- Department of Shalya, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Godatwar
- Department of Rog Vikriti Vigyan, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Suman Sharma
- Department of Shalya, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Mita Kotecha
- Department of Dravyaguna, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | | | | | - Shobhnath Yadav
- Department of Rasashastra, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ramkishor Joshi
- Department of Kayachikitsa, National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Singh A, Bhatt G, Gujre N, Mitra S, Swaminathan R, Limaye AM, Rangan L. Karanjin. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 183:112641. [PMID: 33421890 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Karanjin [IUPAC: 3-methoxy-2-phenylfuro-(2,3-h-chrome-4-ol)], a bioactive furanoflavonoid and a potent biomolecule, was first isolated from Pongamia pinnata (L.). The crude extracts from root, leaf and seed having active constituent karanjin is highly valued in both traditional and modern knowledge systems. This review highlights, critically assesses, and presents the probable biosynthetic pathways of karanjin and its isolation methodologies with a view to actualizing its full potential. Karanjin exhibits multiple health benefits and applications, with evident anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidant, anti-colitis, anti-ulcer, and anti-Alzheimer properties. Consequently, the physiochemical properties and biological effects of karanjin have been detailed and analyzed. The efficacy of karanjin has been attenuated by toxicological studies that have proven karanjin to be non-toxic at physiological conditions as substantiated by in vitro and in vivo studies. In addition, the multiple insect repellent/insecticidal properties of karanjin and its availability as an acaricide/bio-insecticide have been reviewed. This review article underscores and endorses the immense potential for novel drug leads in various medicinal and industrial applications, suggesting a deeper insight into its metabolic fate, bioavailability, and cellular effects that await further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Singh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - G Bhatt
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - N Gujre
- Center for Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - S Mitra
- Center for Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - R Swaminathan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - A M Limaye
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - L Rangan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India; Center for Rural Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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Jena R, Rath D, Rout SS, Kar DM. A review on genus Millettia: Traditional uses, phytochemicals and pharmacological activities. Saudi Pharm J 2021; 28:1686-1703. [PMID: 33424261 PMCID: PMC7783215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Millettia belongs to Fabaceae includes 200 species which are distributed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. Plants belong to this genus are used as folkloric medicine, for the treatment of different ailments like in wound healing, boil, sores, skin diseases, snake bite, muscle aches, pains, rheumatic arthritis, and gynaecological diseases. The aim of the review is to provide updated, comprehensive and categorized information on the aspects of ethnobotanical, phytochemical, pharmacological uses and toxicity of genus Millettia in order to identify their therapeutic potential and generate space for future research opportunities. The present study comprises of isolated flavonoids, phenolic compounds, phytosterols, saponins, alkaloids, polysaccharides, terpenoids and resins and pharmacological activities of various Millettia species. The relevant data were searched by using the keyword “Millettia” in different scientific databases like, “Google Scholar”; “NISCAIR repository”; “Pub Med”; “Science Direct”; “Scopus” and the taxonomy is validated by “The Plant List”. This review discusses the existing information of the traditional evaluation as well as phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation of the extract and active constituents of the genus “Millettia”. This review confirms that several Millettia species have emerged as a high-quality medicine in a traditional system for arthritis, wound healing, inflammation, skin diseases. Numerous conventional uses of Millettia species have been validated by modern pharmacology research. Intensive investigations of the genus Millettia relating to phytochemistry and pharmacology, especially their mechanism of action, safety, and efficacy could be the future research interests by the researcher in the area of phytomedicine.
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Key Words
- Biological activities
- CH2Cl2, dichloromethane
- CNS, central nervous system
- COX, cycloxygenase
- COX-2, cyclooxygenase-2
- Chemical constituents
- DPPH, 2,2-diphenyl-picyrlhydrazyl
- EtOAc, ethyl acetate
- Ethnomedicine
- Fabaceae
- HCT116, colon cancer
- HepG2, hepatocellular carcinoma
- IL-6, interleukin
- KG-1, acute myelogenous leukemia cell line
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MCF7, breast cancer cell line
- MDR, multidrug resistance
- MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration
- MTT assay, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
- MeOH, CH3OH, methanol
- Millettia
- NO, nitric oxide
- ORAC assay, oxygen radical absorption capacity
- Raji, lymphoma cell line
- SRA, scavenger receptor type A and GR, glucagon receptor
- TLR4, toll-like receptor4
- TNF-α, tumour necrosis factor
- iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase
- n-BuoH, n-butanol
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmita Jena
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Diptirani Rath
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Sudhanshu Sekhar Rout
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
| | - Durga Madhab Kar
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India
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Serafim C, Araruna ME, Júnior EA, Diniz M, Hiruma-Lima C, Batista L. A Review of the Role of Flavonoids in Peptic Ulcer (2010-2020). Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25225431. [PMID: 33233494 PMCID: PMC7699562 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptic ulcers are characterized by erosions on the mucosa of the gastrointestinal tract that may reach the muscle layer. Their etiology is multifactorial and occurs when the balance between offensive and protective factors of the mucosa is disturbed. Peptic ulcers represent a global health problem, affecting millions of people worldwide and showing high rates of recurrence. Helicobacter pylori infection and the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most important predisposing factors for the development of peptic ulcers. Therefore, new approaches to complementary treatments are needed to prevent the development of ulcers and their recurrence. Natural products such as medicinal plants and their isolated compounds have been widely used in experimental models of peptic ulcers. Flavonoids are among the molecules of greatest interest in biological assays due to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The present study is a literature review of flavonoids that have been reported to show peptic ulcer activity in experimental models. Studies published from January 2010 to January 2020 were selected from reference databases. This review refers to a collection of flavonoids with antiulcer activity in vivo and in vitro models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Serafim
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetic, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051900, Paraiba, Brazil; (C.S.); (M.E.A.); (E.A.J.)
| | - Maria Elaine Araruna
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetic, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051900, Paraiba, Brazil; (C.S.); (M.E.A.); (E.A.J.)
| | - Edvaldo Alves Júnior
- Postgraduate Program in Natural Products and Bioactive Synthetic, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051900, Paraiba, Brazil; (C.S.); (M.E.A.); (E.A.J.)
| | - Margareth Diniz
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051900, Paraiba, Brazil;
| | - Clélia Hiruma-Lima
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology (Physiology), Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University, Botucatu 18618970, São Paulo, Brazil;
| | - Leônia Batista
- Department of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051900, Paraiba, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-83-32167003; Fax: +55-83-32167502
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Roy R, Pal D, Sur S, Mandal S, Saha P, Panda CK. Pongapin and Karanjin, furanoflavanoids of
Pongamia pinnata
, induce G2/M arrest and apoptosis in cervical cancer cells by differential reactive oxygen species modulation, DNA damage, and nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cell signaling. Phytother Res 2019; 33:1084-1094. [PMID: 30834631 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Roy
- Department of Oncogene RegulationChittaranjan National Cancer Institute Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - Debolina Pal
- Department of Oncogene RegulationChittaranjan National Cancer Institute Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - Subhayan Sur
- Department of Oncogene RegulationChittaranjan National Cancer Institute Kolkata West Bengal India
- Department of Pathology, Edward A. Doisy Research CentreSaint Louis University St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - Suvra Mandal
- Department of ChemistryNational Research Institute for Ayurvedic Drug Development Bidhannagar West Bengal India
| | - Prosenjit Saha
- Department of Oncogene RegulationChittaranjan National Cancer Institute Kolkata West Bengal India
- Department of Cancer ChemopreventionChittaranjan National Cancer Institute Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - Chinmay Kumar Panda
- Department of Oncogene RegulationChittaranjan National Cancer Institute Kolkata West Bengal India
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Patel PP, Trivedi ND. Effect of karanjin on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid-induced colitis in Balb/c mice. Indian J Pharmacol 2017; 49:161-167. [PMID: 28706329 PMCID: PMC5497438 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_234_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to evaluate the beneficial effect of karanjin for the treatment of experimental colitis. METHODS Colitis was induced in the Balb/c mice by rectal administration of 2% solution of 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS) in 50% methanol. Karanjin (>98% pure) was administered in two different concentrations 100 and 200 mg/kg and sulfasalazine (100 mg/kg) as reference for 7 consecutive days to colitic mice. On the 8 day, mice were euthanized and degree of inflammation was assessed by macroscopic, microscopic, histology and biochemical estimation of myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH) level were measured. RESULTS Karanjin significantly and dose dependently ameliorate the macroscopic damage, histological changes such as cellular infiltration, tissue necrosis, mucosal and submucosal damage as compared to the TNBS control group. Karanjin reduces the activity of MPO, depressed MDA, and NO level and helps in restoring the level of CAT, SOD, and GSH to normal when compared to the TNBS colitis group. CONCLUSION Result of the present study indicates that karanjin has the potential to cure colitis induced by intracolonic administration of TNBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praful Prakash Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, JJT University, Jhunjunu, Rajasthan, India
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Saini P, Lakshmayya L, Bisht VS. Anti-Alzheimer activity of isolated karanjin from Pongamia pinnata (L.) pierre and embelin from Embelia ribes Burm.f. Ayu 2017; 38:76-81. [PMID: 29861598 PMCID: PMC5954258 DOI: 10.4103/ayu.ayu_174_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study is to find out the anti-Alzheimer’s activity of isolated karanjin and embelin. Materials and Methods: Karanjin isolated from Pongamia pinnata (L.) pierre and embelin from Embelia ribes Burm.f. and their purity was confirmed by ultraviolet spectrophotometric and Thin layer chromatography based study. Anti-Alzheimer’s activity of isolated compounds were evaluated through elevated plus maze and Morris water maze model on Swiss albino mice. Diazepam (1 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) was used for the induction of Alzheimer’s like effects (amnesia) on Swiss albino mice and piracetam (200 mg/kg body weight, oral) used as a standard treatment. Results: In EPM, embelin and karanjin decrease the transfer latency time in dose dependent manner and escape latency time in MWM method. A significant (P < 0.01) reduction in amnesia with an anti-Alzheimer’s effect found when results of isolated compounds were compared with standard and vehicle control. Diazepam (1 mg/kg) treated group showed significant increase in escape latency and transfer latency when compared with vehicle control; which indicates impairment in learning and memory. Conclusion: Both isolated compounds and standard significantly reversed the amnesia induced by diazepam and improved learning and memory of mice in dose and time dependent manner. This study supports the ethnobotanical use of these two plants in India for the management of nerve or brain related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachi Saini
- Department of Pharmacognosy, GRD (PG) College, Dehradun, India
| | - L Lakshmayya
- Department of Pharmacognosy, GRD (PG) College, Dehradun, India
| | - Vinod Singh Bisht
- Patanjali Herbal Research Department, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, Uttrakhand, India
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Chen G, Xiang J, Ou-Yang LZ, Li F, Xiang LT, Chen Y, Yang Z, Yu J, Li TL, Peng L. Effect of moxibustion stimulation on repair of gastric mucosal lesions in rats after peroneal neurotomy. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:248-254. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i2.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the mechanism underlying the protective effect of moxibustion on gastric mucosal lesions by investigating the relationship between endogenetic information started by moxibustion and the peroneal nerve pathways.
METHODS: Forty-eight SD rats were randomly and equally divided into four groups: a normal group (A), a model group (B), a gastric mucosal injury + moxibustion group (C), and a gastric mucosa injury + moxibustion + surgery group (D). Groups C and D were given 3 days of recovery after reroneal neurotomy. Group A was given saline and the other 3 groups were administered absolute ethanol and aspirin to induce gastric mucosa injury. After that, moxibustion was applied on Zusanli (ST36) in groups C and D, twice a day for 3 days. Finally, gastric ulcer index (UI) was assessed by gastric biopsy, gastric mucosa repair related cytokines such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were detected, and mucosal apoptosis index (AI) was evaluated.
RESULTS: The improvement of UI was better in group C than in group D (P = 0.014). Compared with group C, serum and gastric levels of EGF and PGE2 (EGF in serum P = 0.003, EGF in tissue P = 0.000; PGE2 in serum P = 0.002, PGE2 in tissue P = 0.000), and mucosal AI (P = 0.000) did not significantly rise in group D.
CONCLUSION: Moxibustion on Zusanli can transmit information by peroneal nerve pathways to regulate the release of gastric mucosal protective factors and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, thus achieving the effect of repairing the gastric mucosa.
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Isolation, Identification, Molecular and Electronic Structure, Vibrational Spectroscopic Investigation, and Anti-HIV-1 Activity of Karanjin Using Density Functional Theory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/680987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
“Karanjin” (3-methoxy furano-2,3,7,8-flavone) is an anti-HIV drug, and it is particularly effective in the treatment of gastric problems. The method of isolation of “Karanjin” followed the Principles of Green Chemistry (eco-friendly and effortless method). The optimized geometry of the “Karanjin” molecule has been determined by the method of density functional theory (DFT). Using this optimized structure, we have calculated the infrared wavenumbers and compared them with the experimental data. The calculated wavenumbers are in an excellent agreement with the experimental values. On the basis of fully optimized ground-state structure, TDDFT//B3LYP/LANL2DZ calculations have been used to determine the low-lying excited states of Karanjin. Based on these results, we have discussed the correlation between the vibrational modes and the crystalline structure of “Karanjin.” A complete assignment is provided for the observed FTIR spectra. This is the first report of the isolation, molecular and electronic structure using vibrational spectroscopic investigation, density functional theory, and anti-HIV-1 activity of “Karanjin.”
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Bose M, Chakraborty M, Bhattacharya S, Mukherjee D, Mandal S, Mishra R. Prevention of Arthritis Markers in Experimental Animal and Inflammation Signalling in Macrophage by Karanjin Isolated fromPongamia pinnataSeed Extract. Phytother Res 2014; 28:1188-95. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhura Bose
- Department of Physiology; University of Calcutta; 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road Kolkata 700009 India
| | - Mousumi Chakraborty
- Department of Physiology; University of Calcutta; 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road Kolkata 700009 India
| | - Sourav Bhattacharya
- Department of Physiology; University of Calcutta; 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road Kolkata 700009 India
| | - Debarati Mukherjee
- Department of Physiology; University of Calcutta; 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road Kolkata 700009 India
| | - Suvra Mandal
- Department of Chemistry; National Research Institute for Ayurvedic Drug Development; Salt Lake City Kolkata 700011 India
| | - Roshnara Mishra
- Department of Physiology; University of Calcutta; 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road Kolkata 700009 India
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Al Muqarrabun LMR, Ahmat N, Ruzaina SAS, Ismail NH, Sahidin I. Medicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre: a review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 150:395-420. [PMID: 24016802 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre is one of the many plants with diverse medicinal properties where all its parts have been used as traditional medicine in the treatment and prevention of several kinds of ailments in many countries such as for treatment of piles, skin diseases, and wounds. AIM OF THIS REVIEW This review discusses the current knowledge of traditional uses, phytochemistry, biological activities, and toxicity of this species in order to reveal its therapeutic and gaps requiring future research opportunities. MATERIAL AND METHODS This review is based on literature study on scientific journals and books from library and electronic sources such as ScienceDirect, PubMed, ACS, etc. RESULTS Several different classes of flavonoid derivatives, such as flavones, flavans, and chalcones, and several types of compounds including terpenes, steroid, and fatty acids have been isolated from all parts of this plant. The pharmacological studies revealed that various types of preparations, extracts, and single compounds of this species exhibited a broad spectrum of biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-diabetic activities. CONCLUSION The results of several toxicity studies indicated that extracts and single compounds isolated from this species did not show any significant toxicity and did not cause abnormality on some rats' organs. Thus, this plant has a potential to be used as an effective therapeutic remedy due to its low toxicity towards mammalian cells. However, further study on chemical constituents and their mechanisms in exhibiting certain biological activities are needed to understand the full phytochemical profile and the complex pharmacological effects of this plant. In addition, further study on the toxicity of the other compounds isolated from this plant required to be assessed to ensure their eligibility to be used as sources of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M R Al Muqarrabun
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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Bose M, Chakraborty M, Bhattacharya S, Bhattacharjee P, Mandal S, Kar M, Mishra R. Suppression of NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation and tumor necrosis factor-αbyPongamia pinnataseed extract in adjuvant-induced arthritis. J Immunotoxicol 2013; 11:222-30. [DOI: 10.3109/1547691x.2013.824931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Can scientific evidence support using Bangladeshi traditional medicinal plants in the treatment of diarrhoea? A review on seven plants. Nutrients 2013; 5:1757-800. [PMID: 23698166 PMCID: PMC3708348 DOI: 10.3390/nu5051757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Diarrhoea is a common disease which causes pain and may be deadly, especially in developing countries. In Bangladesh, diarrhoeal diseases affect thousands of people every year, and children are especially vulnerable. Bacterial toxins or viral infections are the most common cause of the disease. The diarrhoea outbreaks are often associated with flood affected areas with contaminated drinking water and an increased risk of spreading the water-borne disease. Not surprisingly, plants found in the near surroundings have been taken into use by the local community as medicine to treat diarrhoeal symptoms. These plants are cheaper and more easily available than conventional medicine. Our question is: What is the level of documentation supporting the use of these plants against diarrhoea and is their consumption safe? Do any of these plants have potential for further exploration? In this review, we have choosen seven plant species that are used in the treatment of diarrhoea; Diospyros peregrina, Heritiera littoralis, Ixora coccinea, Pongamia pinnata, Rhizophora mucronata, Xylocarpus granatum, and Xylocarpus moluccensis. Appearance and geographical distribution, traditional uses, chemical composition, and biological studies related to antidiarrhoeal activity will be presented. This review reveals that there is limited scientific evidence supporting the traditional use of these plants. Most promising are the barks from D. peregrina, X. granatum and X. moluccensis which contain tannins and have shown promising results in antidiarrhoeal mice models. The leaves of P. pinnata also show potential. We suggest these plants should be exploited further as possible traditional herbal remedies against diarrhoea including studies on efficacy, optimal dosage and safety.
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Rao AR, Sindhuja HN, Dharmesh SM, Sankar KU, Sarada R, Ravishankar GA. Effective inhibition of skin cancer, tyrosinase, and antioxidative properties by astaxanthin and astaxanthin esters from the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:3842-51. [PMID: 23473626 DOI: 10.1021/jf304609j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin mono- (AXME) and diesters (AXDE) were characterized and examined for anticancer potency with total carotenoids (TC) and astaxanthin (AX) against UV-7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced skin cancer model in rat. At 200 μg/kg bw, AXDE and AXME reduced UV-DMBA-induced tumor incidences up to 96 and 88%, respectively, when compared to AX (66%) and TC (85%). UV-DMBA has been known to generate high levels of free radicals and tyrosinase enzyme, leading to characteristic symptoms of skin pigmentation and tumor initiation. Intriguingly, ~7-fold increase in tyrosinase and 10-fold decrease in antioxidant levels were normalized by AXDE and AXME as opposed to only ~1.4-2.2-fold by AX and TC, respectively. This result together with the appearance of 72 and 58 ng/mL of retinol in the serum of respective AXE-treated (AXDE + AXME) and AX-treated animals suggested that better anticancer potency of AXEs could be due to increased bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ambati Ranga Rao
- Plant Cell Biotechnology Department, ‡Biochemistry & Nutrition Department, and #Food Engineering Department, Central Food Technological Research Institute, CSIR , Mysore 570 020, Karnataka, India
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Proximate Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of Pongamia pinnata, a Potential Biodiesel Crop. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-010-1699-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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