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Shi R, He M, Peng Y, Xia X. Homotherapy for heteropathy: Interleukin-41 and its biological functions. Immunology 2024; 173:1-13. [PMID: 38594835 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-41 (IL-41) is a newly discovered cytokine, named Cometin, Subfatin, meteorin-like transcription (Metrnl), and so forth. It is widely expressed in animals and can exert its biological roles through autocrine and paracrine forms. It has functions such as anti-inflammatory, improving body metabolism, regulating immunity, regulating fat metabolism and participates in the process of autoimmune disease or inflammatory injury. It plays an important role in psoriasis, diabetes, Crohn's disease (CD), osteoarthritis, Kawasaki disease (KD), Graves' disease, autoimmune hepatitis, infertility, obesity, sepsis, cardiovascular diseases and respiratory diseases. This paper reviews the biological functions of IL-41, the relationship between IL-41 and diseases, the effects of IL-41 in the cytokine network and the possible signalling pathways. In order to explore the same target or the same drug for the treatment of different diseases from the perspective of homotherapy for heteropathy, cytokine strategies based on IL-41 have been put forward for the precise treatment of immune diseases and inflammatory diseases. It is worth noting that IL-41 related preparations for lung protection and smoking cessation are interesting research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runfeng Shi
- The First Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meixin He
- School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongzheng Peng
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu Xia
- Southern Medical University Library, Guangzhou, China
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Duan M, Coffey JC, Li Y. Mesenteric-based surgery for Crohn's disease: evidence and perspectives. Surgery 2024; 176:51-59. [PMID: 38594102 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2024.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Postoperative anastomotic recurrence of Crohn's disease is challenging and can lead to symptom recurrence and further surgery. The mesenteric pole of the intestine is the initial site of macroscopic anastomotic recurrence, and the mesentery may play an important role in recurrence after surgical resection. Therefore, "mesenteric-based surgery" has gained increasing attention by clinicians. However, the role of mesentery in the postoperative recurrence remains controversial. This review will examine mesenteric changes in Crohn's disease, proposed roles for mesentery in disease progression, and the potential for mesenteric-based surgery in the surgical management of Crohn disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Duan
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, China
| | - J Calvin Coffey
- Department of Surgery, University of Limerick Hospital Group, and School of Medicine, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Yi Li
- Center for Inflammatory Bowel Diseases, Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, China
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Wang Z, Zhang Z, Luo T, Du X, Yang M, Yao Q, Su L, Li Y, Chen X, Huang X, Zhang Y. Increased serum interleukin-41 correlates with disease severity in myasthenia gravis. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112275. [PMID: 38759373 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease mediated by pathogenic antibodies produced by abnormally activated B cells, resulting in neuromuscular junction transmission dysfunction. Interleukin-41 (IL-41) is a novel immunomodulatory cytokine that has been implicated in various metabolic, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. The role of IL-41 in MG is still unclear up to now, our study aimed to investigate the level of IL-41 in MG patients and its correlation with clinical features and inflammatory indicators. METHODS Totally, 60 MG patients and 30 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. Baseline data and laboratory parameters were routinely recorded through electronic medical systems. IL-41 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Proportions of T-cell and B-cell subsets and natural killer cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The correlation between serum IL-41 and MG related parameters was investigated, and the clinical value of IL-41 in the diagnosis of MG was evaluated by receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis. RESULTS Serum IL-41 levels in MG patients were higher than in HC, and were higher in Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) III + IV group than that in MGFA I + II group. Serum IL-41 was positively correlated with MG-specific activities of daily living scale (MG-ADL), MGFA classification, platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and proportion of CD19+ B cells, while it was negatively correlated with high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and circulatory plasma cells in MG patients. Serum IL-41 levels increased in patients who were treated with efgartigimod during the first cycle of therapy. However, compared to disease initiation, serum IL-41 levels decreased when clinical features steadily improved. ROC analysis showed that IL-41 had a diagnostic value for MG. CONCLUSION The present findings suggested that serum IL-41 was increased in MG patients and was positively associated with the severity of the disease. IL-41 may be essential to the immunopathological mechanism of MG and a potential biomarker for MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouyi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai West Road, Quanshan District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhouao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai West Road, Quanshan District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tiancheng Luo
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai West Road, Quanshan District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue Du
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai West Road, Quanshan District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingjin Yang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai West Road, Quanshan District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qian Yao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai West Road, Quanshan District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Luyao Su
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai West Road, Quanshan District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuting Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai West Road, Quanshan District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai West Road, Quanshan District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai West Road, Quanshan District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, No. 99 Huaihai West Road, Quanshan District, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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Zhang M, Song X, Liu S, Zhang N, Yang M, Gao P, Geng Z, Zuo L, Zhang X, Wang L, Wang Y, Li J, Hu J. Magnolin inhibits intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis alleviating Crohn's disease-like colitis by suppressing the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 134:112181. [PMID: 38733829 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Previous reports have shown that preventing excessive intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) apoptosis is a crucial approach for protecting the intestinal barrier in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Magnolin (MGL) has various biological activities, including antiapoptotic activities, but its role in CD has largely not been determined. This study investigated how MGL impacts CD-like colitis and the underlying mechanism involved. METHODS Mice were treated with TNBS to establish a disease model, and these mice were used to assess the therapeutic effects of MGL on CD-like colitis. TNF-α-treated colon organoids were used to evaluate the impact of MGL on intestinal barrier function and IEC apoptosis. Enrichment analysis was performed to examine the potential pathways through which MGL inhibits IEC apoptosis. Finally, rescue experiments showed the mechanism by which MGL suppresses IEC apoptosis. RESULTS The animal experiments demonstrated that MGL treatment alleviated the weight loss, colon shortening, elevated disease activity index (DAI) scores, increased colitis histological scores and upregulated inflammatory factor expression that were observed in model mice. MGL ameliorated intestinal barrier dysfunction and the loss of tight junction (TJ) proteins (ZO-1 and Claudin-1) by inhibiting IEC apoptosis in both TNBS-treated mice and TNF-α-treated colon organoids. MGL inhibited the PI3K/AKT signalling pathway, thus safeguarding the intestinal barrier and alleviating CD-like colitis in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS MGL improves the intestinal barrier integrity and prevents CD-like colitis by inhibiting IEC apoptosis. The potential mechanism of its anti-apoptotic impact on IECs could be associated with the PI3K/AKT pathway, presenting novel approaches and avenues for the clinical management of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, China
| | - Xue Song
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, China
| | - Shengbao Liu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Nuo Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Pengcheng Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhijun Geng
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, China
| | - Lugen Zuo
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, China
| | - Lian Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Yueyue Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, China
| | - Jianguo Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research of Inflammation-related Diseases, Bengbu, China.
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Li Y, Wang H, Ren D, Li J, Mu Z, Li C, He Y, Zhang J, Fan R, Yin J, Su J, He Y, Yao B. Interleukin-41: a novel serum marker for the diagnosis of alpha-fetoprotein-negative hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1408584. [PMID: 38835390 PMCID: PMC11148433 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1408584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background For the lack of effective serum markers for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) diagnosis, it is difficult to detect liver cancer and identify its recurrence early. Methods Databases were used to analyze the genes potentially associated with alpha-fetoprotein(AFP). ELISA assay was used to detect the serum IL-41 in HCC, liver metastases, hepatitis, and healthy people. Immunohistochemical staining was used to analyze the relative quantification of IL-41 in HCC and paracancer tissues. Various survival curves were plotted according to clinical pathological data and helped us draw the ROC curve of IL-41 diagnosis of HCC. Results The serum expression of IL-41 was highest in AFP negative HCC patients and significantly higher than that in AFP positive HCC and metastatic cancer patients. There was a significant negative correlation between elevated serum IL-41 and AFP(<1500ng/ml). The clinicopathological features suggested that the serum IL-41 level was significantly correlated with capsule invasion, low differentiation and AFP. High serum expression of IL-41 suggests poorer survival and earlier recurrence after resection, and IL-41 upregulated in patients with early recurrence and death. The expression of IL-41 was higher in HCC tissues of patients with multiple tumors or microvascular invasion. The ROC curve showed that serum IL-41 had a sensitivity of 90.17 for HCC and a sensitivity of 96.63 for AFP-negative HCC, while the specificity was higher than 61%. Conclusion IL-41 in serum and tissue suggests poor prognosis and postoperative recurrence in HCC patients and could be a new serum diagnostic marker for AFP negative patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhao Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Zonglian College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Danfeng Ren
- Department of Communicable Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Zonglian College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Zihan Mu
- Zonglian College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Chaoyi Li
- Zonglian College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yongchao He
- Zonglian College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- Zonglian College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Rui Fan
- Zonglian College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiayuan Yin
- Zonglian College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaojiao Su
- Zonglian College, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yinli He
- Biobank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bowen Yao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Altintas N, Fazlioglu N, Guzel S, Yilmaz A, Aydın C. Is meteorin-like (Metrnl) a novel biomarker to distinguish patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and patients with OSA at vascular risk. Sleep Breath 2023; 27:1865-1874. [PMID: 36877355 DOI: 10.1007/s11325-023-02800-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Metrnl, a newly discovered adipokine with significant expression in white adipose tissue, promotes energy expenditure and contributes to the development of cardiovascular disorders. Endocan is a surrogate marker for endothelial dysfunction and is linked to cardiovascular risk factors. Higher cardiovascular morbidity and mortality have been linked to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). In this study, we investigated the potential of serum Metrnl and endocan as biomarkers to identify patients with OSA who are at increased cardiovascular risk and differentiate them from healthy controls. METHODS The study included the evaluation of serum levels of endocan and Metrnl in individuals with OSA and healthy controls. All participants underwent full polysomnography to evaluate their sleep, and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was measured in each of them. RESULTS Patients with OSA (n = 117) had considerably lower levels of Metrnl and significantly higher levels of endocan than controls (n = 59). Once confounding factors were taken into account, both Metrnl and endocan were effective predictors of OSA. Additionally, the severity of OSA, as determined by the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), was linked to Metrnl and endocan levels. The study also found a significant and independent inverse association between CIMT and Metrnl, along with a positive association with endocan after making multiple adjustments. Furthermore, there was a significant and independent connection between CIMT and AHI. CONCLUSION Based on these findings, Metrnl and endocan have the potential to be valuable markers for identifying patients with OSA who are at increased risk of early vascular damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nejat Altintas
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey.
| | - Nevin Fazlioglu
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Savas Guzel
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Ahsen Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Cihan Aydın
- Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag, Turkey
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Zhou Y, Shi S, Meng S, Zhao H, Wu X, Li M, Li Y. Potential clinical value of serum interleukin-41 levels in patients with acute gout. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110621. [PMID: 37437433 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gout is a common metabolic rheumatic disease, and there have been no reports on the serum levels of interleukin (IL)-41 in gout patients. The purpose of this study was to therefore determine the expression of IL-41 in the serum of gout patients. METHODS Eighty-one participants were enrolled in this study, including 34 patients with acute gout, 27 gout patients in remission, and 20 healthy controls (HCs). Baseline data were obtained through interviews and laboratory parameters were acquired via blood sample testing. We measured serum IL-41 concentrations with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and executed Spearman's correlation analysis to investigate the correlation between IL-41 and other parameters, and the diagnostic value for IL-41 was demonstrated using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Multivariate analysis was conducted by adopting logistic regression. RESULTS Serum IL-41 concentrations in acute-gout patients were higher than those in HCs and there was no significant difference in serum IL-41 levels between remission gout patients and HCs. In addition, IL-41 was positively correlated with white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A concentrations, while it was negatively correlated with triglyceride levels. IL-41 showed good diagnostic value for gout, and the combination of IL-41 and uric acid produced a superior diagnostic value. We also noted that IL-41 was an independent risk factor for acute gout. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed that serum IL-41 was elevated in patients with acute gout, and suggests that IL-41 may constitute a novel diagnostic marker for acute gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinxin Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shanjun Shi
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Sicen Meng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ningbo No. 6 Hospital Affiliated to Ningbo University, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Xiudi Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315010, China
| | - Mingcai Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Yan Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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Duan Y, Li H, Luo D, Jiang J, Liu B, Li G. Serum IL-41 might be a biomarker for IVIG resistance and coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110600. [PMID: 37423157 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate serum IL-41 levels in IVIG resistance and CALs, and to elucidate the relationship between IL-41 and Kawasaki disease (KD)-related clinical parameters. METHODS 93 children with KD were collected. Baseline clinical data were obtained by physical examination. Serum IL-41 levels were detected with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The correlations between IL-41 and the clinical parameter of KD were performed by Spearman correlation coefficient. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was performed to assess the predictive ability of IL-41 for IVIG resistance and CALs. RESULTS Serum IL-41 levels were significantly increased in the IVIG resistance group compared with the response group, and serum IL-41 levels in the CALs group were higher than those in the non-CALs group. Serum IL-41 levels were positively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein and C-reactive protein/albumin ratio, but negatively correlated with albumin. Serum IL-41 levels was an independent risk factor for CALs, and total fever days and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) were independent predictors for IVIG resistance. The area under the curve (AUC) value for serum IL-41 to predict IVIG resistance was 0.73, yielding a sensitivity of 54.55% and a specificity of 81.71%. The AUC of serum IL-41 was 0.712, with a sensitivity of 63.16% and a specificity of 72.97% for predicting CALs. IL-41 was not inferior to NLR in predicting IVIG resistance (z = 0.282, p = 0.7783). CONCLUSIONS Serum IL-41 was increased in IVIG resistance and CALs. Serum IL-41 might be a new potential biomarker for IVIG resistance and CALs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Duan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, China
| | - Dinghua Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of General Surgery (Thyroid Surgery), the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, China; Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, China.
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Luzhou, Sichuan, China; Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, China.
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Zuo L, Geng Z, Song X, Li J, Wang Y, Zhang X, Ge S, Wang L, Liu G, Zhang L, Xu M, Zhao Y, Shen L, Ge Y, Wu R, Hu J. Browning of Mesenteric White Adipose Tissue in Crohn's Disease: A New Pathological Change and Therapeutic Target. J Crohns Colitis 2023; 17:1179-1192. [PMID: 36932969 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjad046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKROUND Hypertrophic mesenteric adipose tissue [htMAT] is a distinctive hallmark of Crohn's disease [CD], and it affects enteritis via inflammatory adipokine secretion by dysfunctional white adipocytes. White adipocytes can become beige adipocytes, which are characterized by active lipid consumption and favourable endocrine function, via white adipocyte browning. Our study aimed to determine whether white adipocyte browning occurs in htMAT and its role in CD. METHODS White adipocyte browning was examined in MAT samples from CD patients and controls. Human MAT explants and primary mesenteric adipocytes were cultured for in vitro experiments. Mice with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid solution [TNBS]-induced colitis were used for in vivo studies. A β3-adrenergic receptor agonist [CL316,243] was used to induce white adipocyte browning, and IL-4/STAT6 signalling was analysed to explore the mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory activity of beige adipocytes. RESULTS White adipocyte browning was observed in htMAT from CD patients, as shown by the appearance of uncoupling protein 1 [UCP1]-positive multilocular [beige] adipocytes with lipid-depleting activity and anti-inflammatory endocrine profiles. Both human MAT and primary mesenteric adipocytes from CD patients and controls could be induced to undergo browning, which increased their lipid-depleting and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro. Inducing MAT browning ameliorated mesenteric hypertrophy and inflammation as well as colitis in TNBS-treated mice in vivo. The anti-inflammatory activity of beige adipocytes was at least partially related to STAT6 signalling activation via the autocrine and paracrine effects of IL-4. CONCLUSION White adipocyte browning is a newly identified pathological change in htMAT of CD patients and a possible therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lugen Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Zhijun Geng
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xue Song
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yueyue Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Sitang Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Lian Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Guangyong Liu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Lele Zhang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Mengyu Xu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yajing Zhao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Li Shen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ge
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Southeast University Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianguo Hu
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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Du YN, Teng JM, Zhou TH, Du BY, Cai W. Meteorin-like protein overexpression ameliorates fulminant hepatitis in mice by inhibiting chemokine-dependent immune cell infiltration. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2023; 44:1404-1415. [PMID: 36721008 PMCID: PMC10310738 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-01049-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Myokines, which are recently identified cytokines secreted by skeletal muscle in response to stimulation, are crucial for the maintenance of liver function. Fulminant hepatitis (FH) is a life-threatening pathological condition with severe hepatic dysfunction. In this study, we investigated the role of meteorin-like (METRNL), a new myokine, in the pathogenesis of FH. We compared serum samples and liver tissues from FH patients and healthy controls and found that hepatic and serum METRNL levels were significantly increased in FH patients, and serum METRNL levels were related to disease severity in FH patients. We then established a concanavalin A-induced FH model in METRNL-overexpressing and control mice. We found that hepatic METRNL levels in FH mice were significantly increased, and METRNL in the liver was mainly derived from macrophages. In the cultured mouse macrophage line (RAW264.7 cells) and mouse primary peritoneal macrophages (PMs), METRNL overexpression significantly inhibited the release of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-1β. In METRNL-overexpressing mice, concanavalin A-induced liver injury was significantly ameliorated. Moreover, METRNL overexpression significantly reduced chemokine-dependent inflammatory cell infiltration into the liver. METRNL overexpression also suppressed liver CD4+ T cell differentiation into Th 1 cells and inhibited the secretion of Th 1 cytokines. Taken together, these data suggest that METRNL overexpression effectively ameliorates FH. Therefore, METRNL may serve as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jia-Ming Teng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tian-Hui Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Bing-Ying Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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11
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Liu M, Wen H, Zuo L, Song X, Geng Z, Ge S, Ge Y, Wu R, Chen S, Yu C, Gao Y. Bryostatin-1 attenuates intestinal ischemia/reperfusion-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress via activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22948. [PMID: 37130016 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202201540r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Bryostatin-1 (Bryo-1) exerts antioxidative stress effects in multiple diseases, and we confirmed that it improves intestinal barrier dysfunction in experimental colitis. Nevertheless, there are few reports on its action on intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). In this study, we mainly explored the effect of Bryo-1 on intestinal I/R injury and determined the mechanism. C57BL/6J mice underwent temporary superior mesenteric artery (SMA) obturation to induce I/R, on the contrary, Caco-2 cells suffered to oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) to establish the in vitro model. RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with LPS to induce macrophage inflammation. The drug gradient experiment was used to demonstrate in vivo and in vitro models. Bryo-1 ameliorated the intestinal I/R-induced injury of multiple organs and epithelial cells. It also alleviated intestinal I/R-induced barrier disruption of intestines according to the histology, intestinal permeability, intestinal bacterial translocation rates, and tight junction protein expression results. Bryo-1 significantly inhibited oxidative stress damages and inflammation, which may contribute to the restoration of intestinal barrier function. Further, Bryo-1 significantly activated Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in vivo. However, the deletion of Nrf2 in Caco-2 and RAW264.7 cells attenuated the protective functions of Bryo-1 and significantly abolished the anti-inflammatory effect of Bryo-1 on LPS-induced macrophage inflammation. Bryo-1 protects intestines against I/R-induced injury. It is associated with intestinal barrier protection, as well as inhibition of inflammation and oxidative stress partly through Nrf2/HO-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulin Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Hexin Wen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Lugen Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xue Song
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhijun Geng
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Sitang Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ge
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiyuan Chen
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Chaowen Yu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Department of Vascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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12
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Jia Z, Feng J, Yuan G, Xiao H, Dang H, Zhang Y, Chen K, Zou J, Wang J. The Meteorin-like cytokine is upregulated in grass carp after infection with Aeromonas hydrophila. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:104632. [PMID: 36608897 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Meteorin-like (Metrnl) is a novel immune regulatory factor or adipokine which is mainly produced by activated macrophages. In teleost fish, two homologs are present. In this study, monoclonal antibodies were prepared against recombinant grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella, Ci) Metrnl-a in mice and characterized by Western blotting, flow cytometry and immunofluorescent microscopy. In grass carp infected with Aeromonus hydrophila (A. hydrophila), the cells expressing CiMetrnl-a markedly increased in the gills, head kidney and intestine. In the inflamed intestine caused by A. hydrophila infection, the CiMetrnl-a producing cells were detected mainly in the mucosal layer of anterior, middle and posterior segments. Consistently, qRT-PCR analysis showed that the mRNA expression of CiMetrnl-a was markedly induced. Our results suggest that CiMetrnl-a is involved in regulating intestine inflammation caused by bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jianhua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Gaoliang Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Hehe Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Huifeng Dang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yanwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Kangyong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266200, China
| | - Junya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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13
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Ge S, Yang Y, Zuo L, Song X, Wen H, Geng Z, He Y, Xu Z, Wu H, Shen M, Ge Y, Sun X. Sotetsuflavone ameliorates Crohn's disease-like colitis by inhibiting M1 macrophage-induced intestinal barrier damage via JNK and MAPK signalling. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 940:175464. [PMID: 36566007 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.175464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intestinal inflammation and intestinal barrier dysfunction are two important pathological changes in Crohn's disease (CD). Sotetsuflavone (SF) is a natural monomeric herbal compound with anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects that is mostly nontoxic. The effect of SF on CD-like spontaneous colitis was investigated in this study. METHODS Il-10-/- mice were used as a CD model and were administered different doses of SF. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus IFN-γ-induced macrophages (RAW264.7) and a coculture system (RAW264.7 and organoids) were used in vitro. The protective effects of SF against CD-like colitis and macrophage differentiation and the mechanisms were evaluated. RESULTS SF treatment markedly improved spontaneous colitis in the CD model, as shown by the following evidence: reductions in the DAI, macroscopic scores (3.63 ± 1.30), colonic tissue inflammatory scores (2 ± 0.76) and proinflammatory factor levels and the attenuation of colon shortening (8 ± 0.93 cm) and weight loss (1.75 ± 1.83 g). Decreased intestinal permeability and intestinal bacterial translocation rates provided evidence of the protective effect of SF on intestinal barrier function. We also found that SF suppressed M1 macrophage-induced inflammatory responses. In the coculture system of mouse colonic organoids and RAW264.7 cells, SF significantly ameliorated M1 macrophage-induced intestinal epithelial damage. In addition, SF inhibited JNK and MAPK (p38) signalling in both Il-10-/- mice and LPS plus IFN-γ-induced macrophages (RAW264.7). CONCLUSIONS The protective effects of SF against CD-like colitis may be achieved partially by inhibiting M1 macrophage-induced intestinal barrier damage via JNK and p38 signalling. SF may have therapeutic potential for treating CD, especially considering its safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitang Ge
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yating Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Lugen Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xue Song
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China; Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Hexin Wen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Zhijun Geng
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yifan He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zilong Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Huatao Wu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Mengdi Shen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ge
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuejun Sun
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shanxi, China.
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14
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Li Z, Gao Z, Sun T, Zhang S, Yang S, Zheng M, Shen H. Meteorin-like/Metrnl, a novel secreted protein implicated in inflammation, immunology, and metabolism: A comprehensive review of preclinical and clinical studies. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1098570. [PMID: 36911663 PMCID: PMC9998503 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1098570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Meteorin-like, also known as Metrnl, Meteorin-β, Subfatin, and Cometin, is a novel secreted protein exerting pleiotropic effects on inflammation, immunology, and metabolism. Earlier research on this hormone focused on regulating energy expenditure and glucose homeostasis. Consequently, several studies attempted to characterize the molecule mechanism of Metrnl in glucose metabolism and obesity-related disorders but reported contradictory clinical results. Recent studies gradually noticed its multiple protective functions in inflammatory immune regulations and cardiometabolic diseases, such as inducing macrophage activation, angiogenesis, tissue remodeling, bone formation, and preventing dyslipidemias. A comprehensive understanding of this novel protein is essential to identify its significance as a potential therapeutic drug or a biomarker of certain diseases. In this review, we present the current knowledge on the physiology of Metrnl and its roles in inflammation, immunology, and metabolism, including animal/cell interventional preclinical studies and human clinical studies. We also describe controversies regarding the data of circulation Metrnl in different disease states to determine its clinical application better.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqi Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, China
| | - Ziyu Gao
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, China
| | - Tao Sun
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, China
| | - Shipeng Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, China
| | - Shengnan Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, China
| | - Meilin Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, China Medical University, Shen Yang, China
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15
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Gong L, Zhou Y, Shi S, Ying L, Li Y, Li M. Increased serum IL-41 is associated with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 538:169-174. [PMID: 36423703 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-41 is upregulated in the synovial tissue of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, but its serum level has not been reported. The present study aimed to determine IL-41 expression in serum from RA patients and to clarify the relationships between IL-41 and disease-related parameters in RA patients. METHODS The study included 46 RA patients and 32 healthy controls (HC). Baseline data were obtained by routine physical examinations and immune-related parameters were measured by an automated chemiluminescent immunoassay analyzer. The correlations between IL-41 and disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28) and serum clinical data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation test. RESULTS Serum IL-41 concentrations were higher in RA patients than in HC. Serum IL-41 was positively correlated with DAS28 based on C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP), CRP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), mean platelet volume (MPV), and CRP-to-albumin ratio (CAR) and negatively correlated with platelet count, while rheumatoid factor was significantly correlated with ESR, CRP, and CAR. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that IL-41 had diagnostic value for RA, especially when combined with MPV. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that IL-41 is increased in the serum of RA patients and may be a potential new diagnostic biomarker for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Gong
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Yinxin Zhou
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shanjun Shi
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Lina Ying
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; Ningbo No.6 Hospital, Ningbo 315040, China
| | - Yan Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Mingcai Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China; Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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16
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Endothelial METRNL determines circulating METRNL level and maintains endothelial function against atherosclerosis. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 13:1568-1587. [PMID: 37139425 PMCID: PMC10149902 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
METRNL is a recently identified secreted protein with emerging functions. This study is to find major cellular source of circulating METRNL and to determine METRNL novel function. Here, we show METRNL is abundant in human and mouse vascular endothelium and released by endothelial cells using endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi apparatus pathway. By creating endothelial cell-specific Metrnl knockout mice, combined with bone marrow transplantation to produce bone marrow-specific deletion of Metrnl, we demonstrate that most of circulating METRNL (approximately 75%) originates from the endothelial cells. Both endothelial and circulating METRNL decrease in atherosclerosis mice and patients. By generating endothelial cell-specific Metrnl knockout in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, combined with bone marrow-specific deletion of Metrnl in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, we further demonstrate that endothelial METRNL deficiency accelerates atherosclerosis. Mechanically, endothelial METRNL deficiency causes vascular endothelial dysfunction including vasodilation impairment via reducing eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 and inflammation activation via enhancing NFκB pathway, which promotes the susceptibility of atherosclerosis. Exogenous METRNL rescues METRNL deficiency induced endothelial dysfunction. These findings reveal that METRNL is a new endothelial substance not only determining the circulating METRNL level but also regulating endothelial function for vascular health and disease. METRNL is a therapeutic target against endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis.
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17
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Zuo L, Li J, Zhang X, Geng Z, Song X, Wang Y, Ge S, Shi R, Zhou Y, Ge Y, Wu R, Hu J. Aberrant Mesenteric Adipose Extracellular Matrix Remodelling is Involved in Adipocyte Dysfunction in Crohn's Disease: The Role of TLR-4-mediated Macrophages. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:1762-1776. [PMID: 35708752 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hypertrophic mesenteric adipose tissue [htMAT] is involved in the disease progression of Crohn's disease [CD] through expressing proinflammatory adipokines from dysfunctional adipocytes by unknown mechanism. Adipocyte function is affected by dynamic adipose tissue extracellular matrix [ECM] remodelling that is mainly mediated by macrophages, and our study aimed to reveal whether aberrant ECM remodelling was present in CD-htMAT and its effects on adipocyte dysfunction, as well as the mechanism. METHODS ECM remodelling was examined in MAT samples from CD patients and controls. Mice with dinitrobenzene sulphonic acid [DNBS]-induced colitis were used in vivo study, and lipopolysaccharide [LPS]-induced remodelling behaviour in macrophages was examined in vitro. Macrophages or TLR4 inhibition were used to analyse ECM remodelling mechanisms and their effects on adipocyte function. RESULTS Aberrant ECM remodelling: was observed in CD-htMAT, which was characterised by a widened and deformed ECM structure accompanied by dysregulated matrix synthesis and degradation; served as a reservoir for inflammatory factors/cells dominated by macrophages; and was involved in adipocyte dysfunction. In addition, macrophages were the main source of ECM remodelling regulatory factors with activation of Toll-like receptor 4 [TLR4] in htMAT. In vivo, macrophage depletion or TLR4 inhibition largely attenuated mesenteric ECM remodelling while improving mesenteric adipocyte dysfunction during chronic enteritis. In vitro, antagonizing TLR4 significantly inhibited LPS-induced macrophage ECM remodelling behavior. CONCLUSIONS The aberrant ECM remodelling in CD-htMAT contributed to mesenteric adipocyte dysfunction, which may be caused at least partly by TLR4-mediated macrophage remodelling behavior. Inhibiting ECM remodelling may be a potential therapeutic strategy for CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lugen Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhijun Geng
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xue Song
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yueyue Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Sitang Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Ruohan Shi
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yueqing Zhou
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ge
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Third Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Rong Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Southeast University Zhongda Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianguo Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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18
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Zhang X, Zuo L, Geng Z, Song X, Li J, Ge S, Jiang Y, Yang Z, Liu G, Zhao Y, Zhao H, Yu L, Hu J. Vindoline ameliorates intestinal barrier damage in Crohn's disease mice through MAPK signaling pathway. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22589. [PMID: 36197455 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200234rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation and intestinal barrier damage are important pathological changes in Crohn's disease (CD). Vindoline is a natural monomer with anti-inflammatory effects. We employed CD model mice to explore the effect of Vindoline on CD-like colitis and the possible mechanism. Il-10-deficient (Il-10-/- ) mice and wild-type (WT) mice (both aged 15 weeks, male) were used to explore the effect of Vindoline on colitis and intestinal barrier damage, as well as macrophage-mediated inflammation. Bone-marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and colonic organoids from mice were used to explore the inhibitory effect of Vindoline on macrophage-mediated inflammation and the protective effect on inflammation-induced intestinal barrier damage as well as the possible mechanism. We found that Vindoline significantly ameliorated colitis in CD mice, as evidenced by increased weight change and colon length and decreased the colon macroscopic injury score, histological inflammatory score, and the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators. Vindoline also protected against intestinal barrier damage in CD mice. Furthermore, Vindoline inhibited macrophage-mediated inflammation and protected against inflammation-induced intestinal barrier damage in the coculture system. In addition, Vindoline ameliorated colitis in CD mice by protecting against inflammation-induced intestinal barrier damage, which may be caused by inhibition of MAPK signaling pathway. This protective effect suggests that Vindoline has potential value for clinical application in the treatment of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Lugen Zuo
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhijun Geng
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xue Song
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Sitang Ge
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yifan Jiang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zi Yang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Guangyong Liu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yajing Zhao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Hao Zhao
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jianguo Hu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue Transplantation, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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19
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Michalak A, Kasztelan-Szczerbińska B, Cichoż-Lach H. Impact of Obesity on the Course of Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease—A Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193983. [PMID: 36235636 PMCID: PMC9573343 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is already well-known that visceral adipose tissue is inseparably related to the pathogenesis, activity, and general outcome of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We are getting closer and closer to the molecular background of this loop, finding certain relationships between activated mesenteric tissue and inflammation within the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract. Recently, relatively new data have been uncovered, indicating a direct impact of body fat on the pattern of pharmacological treatment in the course of IBD. On the other hand, ileal and colonic types of Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis appear to be more diversified than it was thought in the past. However, the question arises whether at this stage we are able to translate this knowledge into the practical management of IBD patients or we are still exploring the scientific background of this pathology, having no specific tools to be used directly in patients. Our review explores IBD in the context of obesity and associated disorders, focusing on adipokines, creeping fat, and possible relationships between these disorders and the treatment of IBD patients.
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Gong L, Huang G, Weng L, Xu J, Li Y, Cui W, Li M. Decreased serum interleukin-41/Metrnl levels in patients with Graves' disease. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24676. [PMID: 36036749 PMCID: PMC9550969 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin (IL)‐41, also known as Metrnl, is a novel immunomodulatory cytokine, which is involved in the pathogenesis of many inflammatory and metabolic diseases, but its role in thyroid autoimmune diseases is not clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the serum IL‐41 levels in patients with Graves' disease (GD) and its relationship with GD. Methods This study included a total of 49 GD patients and 47 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy individuals. All baseline data were obtained by physical examination. Free triiodothyronine 3 (FT3), free triiodothyronine 4 (FT4), thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), anti‐thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) levels in plasma of GD patients were measured by chemiluminescence. The high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (CRP) and white blood cell count (WBC) were detected using automated biochemical analyzer. Serum IL‐41 levels were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Results Serum IL‐41 levels in patients with GD were significantly lower than those in healthy controls (201.0 vs. 260.8 pg/mL, p < 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between IL‐41 level and CRP (r = 0.2947, p = 0.0385) and WBC (r = 0.4104, p = 0.0034) in GD patients. CRP was positively correlated with TRAb (r = 0.2874, p = 0.0452) and TSH (r = 0.3651, p = 0.0099) levels in GD patients. Conclusions This study demonstrates that GD patients have decreased serum IL‐41 levels, and IL‐41 plays a potential role in abnormal immune response of GD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Gong
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNingbo UniversityNingboChina
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of PathophysiologyNingbo University School of MedicineNingboChina
| | - Guoqing Huang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNingbo UniversityNingboChina
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of PathophysiologyNingbo University School of MedicineNingboChina
| | - Linjie Weng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of PathophysiologyNingbo University School of MedicineNingboChina
| | - Jialu Xu
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo UniversityNingboChina
| | - Yan Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNingbo UniversityNingboChina
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of PathophysiologyNingbo University School of MedicineNingboChina
| | - Wugeng Cui
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNingbo UniversityNingboChina
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of PathophysiologyNingbo University School of MedicineNingboChina
| | - Mingcai Li
- The Affiliated Hospital of Medical SchoolNingbo UniversityNingboChina
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of PathophysiologyNingbo University School of MedicineNingboChina
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21
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Li J, Zuo L, Geng Z, Li Q, Cheng Y, Yang Z, Shi R, Zhou Y, Nie W, Wang Y, Zhang X, Ge S, Song X, Hu J. Pygopus2 ameliorates mesenteric adipocyte poor differentiation to alleviate Crohn's disease -like colitis via the Axin2/GSK3β pathway. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13292. [PMID: 35707871 PMCID: PMC9528773 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Crohn's disease (CD) mesenteric adipose tissue (MAT) inflammation affects enteritis through the interaction between the mesentery and intestine, and we previously found that poorly differentiated mesenteric adipocytes were related to its inflammatory features. Pygopus2 (Pygo2) is a key negative regulator of adipocyte differentiation. We aimed to determine whether Pygo2 participates in CD mesenteric lesions and whether Pygo2 knockdown would be beneficial in a CD model (Il‐10−/− mice). Methods Pygo2 expression in MAT from control and CD patients and Il‐10−/− mice was measured by immunohistochemistry. Lentiviral transfection was used to regulate Pygo2 expression in Il‐10−/− mice, and the effects on mesenteric adipocyte differentiation, inflammation, and dysfunction during spontaneous colitis, as well as the possible mechanism, were investigated. Results Pygo2 expression was increased in MAT from CD patients and Il‐10−/− mice, and its expression correlated with poor adipocyte differentiation and inflammation. Pygo2 knockdown significantly ameliorated colitis in Il‐10−/− mice. Moreover, the downregulation of Pygo2 gene expression could promote adipocyte differentiation and inhibit adipocyte inflammation in vivo and in vitro, and the effects were at least partly mediated by the Axis inhibition protein 2 (Axin2)/glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK3β) pathway. Conclusions The increase in Pygo2 may be related to mesenteric adipocyte poor differentiation and inflammatory features of CD, and Pygo2 inhibition could alleviate CD‐like colitis by improving mesenteric lesions by regulating the Axin2/GSK3β pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Lugen Zuo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zhijun Geng
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Qingqing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yang Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Zi Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Ruohan Shi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yueqing Zhou
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Wenhu Nie
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Yueyue Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Sitang Ge
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Xue Song
- Department of Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Jianguo Hu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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22
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Gao X, Leung TF, Wong GWK, Ko WH, Cai M, He EJ, Chu IMT, Tsang MSM, Chan BCL, Ling J, Fan X, Lu L, Lam CWK, Wong CK. Meteorin-β/Meteorin like/IL-41 attenuates airway inflammation in house dust mite-induced allergic asthma. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:245-259. [PMID: 34848868 PMCID: PMC8803866 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-021-00803-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
We sought to examine the regulatory effect of Meteorin-β (Metrnβ)/Meteorin like (Metrnl)/IL-41 on lung inflammation in allergic asthma. We found that Metrnβ was elevated significantly in asthmatic patients and in mice with allergic asthma induced by house dust mite (HDM) extract. Upon exposure to HDM, Metrnβ was secreted predominantly by airway epithelial cells and inflammatory cells, including macrophages and eosinophils. The increased Metrnβ effectively blocked the development of airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and decreased inflammatory cell airway infiltration and type 2 cytokine production, which was associated with downregulated DC-mediated adaptive immune responses. Moreover, Metrnβ impaired the maturation and function of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells in vitro. Asthmatic mice adoptively transferred with dendritic cells isolated from Metrnβ-treated allergic mice displayed decreased AHR, airway inflammation, and lung injury. Metrnβ also displayed anti-inflammatory properties in immunodeficient SCID mice with allergic asthma and in in vitro 3D ALI airway models. Moreover, blockade of Metrnβ by anti-Metrnβ antibody treatment promoted the development of allergic asthma. These results revealed the unappreciated protective roles of Metrnβ in alleviating DC-mediated Th2 inflammation in allergic asthma, providing the novel treatment strategy of therapeutic targeting of Metrnβ in allergic asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Gao
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ting-Fan Leung
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gary Wing-Kin Wong
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Hung Ko
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mengyun Cai
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ellie Jiayi He
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Emory College of Arts and Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Ida Miu-Ting Chu
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Miranda Sin-Man Tsang
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ,grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ben Chung-Lap Chan
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jiawei Ling
- grid.10784.3a0000 0004 1937 0482Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao Fan
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwei Lu
- grid.194645.b0000000121742757Department of Pathology and Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christopher Wai-Kei Lam
- grid.259384.10000 0000 8945 4455Faculty of Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Chun-Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Institute of Chinese Medicine and State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. .,Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R & D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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23
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Song X, Wen H, Zuo L, Geng Z, Nian J, Wang L, Jiang Y, Tao J, Zhu Z, Wu X, Wang Z, Zhang X, Yu L, Zhao H, Xiang P, Li J, Shen L, Hu J. Epac-2 ameliorates spontaneous colitis in Il-10 -/- mice by protecting the intestinal barrier and suppressing NF-κB/MAPK signalling. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:216-227. [PMID: 34862717 PMCID: PMC8742196 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal barrier dysfunction and intestinal inflammation interact in the progression of Crohn's disease (CD). A recent study indicated that Epac-2 protected the intestinal barrier and had anti-inflammatory effects. The present study examined the function of Epac-2 in CD-like colitis. Interleukin-10 gene knockout (Il-10-/- ) mice exhibit significant spontaneous enteritis and were used as the CD model. These mice were treated with Epac-2 agonists (Me-cAMP) or Epac-2 antagonists (HJC-0350) or were fed normally (control), and colitis and intestinal barrier structure and function were compared. A Caco-2 and RAW 264.7 cell co-culture system were used to analyse the effects of Epac-2 on the cross-talk between intestinal epithelial cells and inflammatory cells. Epac-2 activation significantly ameliorated colitis in mice, which was indicated by reductions in the colitis inflammation score, the expression of inflammatory factors and intestinal permeability. Epac-2 activation also decreased Caco-2 cell permeability in an LPS-induced cell co-culture system. Epac-2 activation significantly suppressed nuclear factor (NF)-κB/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling in vivo and in vitro. Epac-2 may be a therapeutic target for CD based on its anti-inflammatory functions and protective effects on the intestinal barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Song
- Department of Central LaboratoryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue TransplantationBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Hexin Wen
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Lugen Zuo
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue TransplantationBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Zhijun Geng
- Department of Central LaboratoryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue TransplantationBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Jing Nian
- Department of ImagingSecond Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Luyao Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue TransplantationBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
- Department of Clinical MedicineBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Yifan Jiang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue TransplantationBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
- Department of Clinical MedicineBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Jing Tao
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue TransplantationBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
- Department of Clinical MedicineBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Zihan Zhu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue TransplantationBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
- Department of Clinical MedicineBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Xiaopei Wu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue TransplantationBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
- Department of Clinical MedicineBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Zhikun Wang
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue TransplantationBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
- Department of Clinical MedicineBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Department of Central LaboratoryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of Central LaboratoryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue TransplantationBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Hao Zhao
- Department of Central LaboratoryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Ping Xiang
- Department of Central LaboratoryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Jing Li
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue TransplantationBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Lin Shen
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue TransplantationBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
| | - Jianguo Hu
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Tissue TransplantationBengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
- Department of Clinical LaboratoryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical CollegeBengbuChina
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Meteorin-Like Protein (Metrnl) in Obesity, during Weight Loss and in Adipocyte Differentiation. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10194338. [PMID: 34640356 PMCID: PMC8509786 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10194338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Meteorin-like protein (Metrnl) is an adipo-myokine with pleiotropic effects in adipose tissue (AT). Its systemic regulation in obesity and under weight loss is unclear. Circulating Metrnl concentrations were analyzed by ELISA in severely obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery (BS) or low calorie diet (LCD). Metrnl mRNA expression was analyzed in human and murine tissues and cell lines by quantitative real-time PCR. About 312 morbidly obese individuals underwent BS (n = 181; BMI 53.4 + 6.8 kg/m2) or LCD (n = 131; BMI 43.5 + 6.7 kg/m2). Serum samples were obtained at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months after intervention. AT specimen from subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue were resected during BS. Serum Metrnl levels were lower in type 2 diabetic patients and negatively correlated with HbA1c. In BS and LCD patients, Metrnl concentrations significantly increased after 3 months and returned to baseline levels after 12 months. There was no gender-specific effect. Metrnl mRNA expression did not differ between visceral and subcutaneous AT in n = 130 patients. In contrast, Metrnl gene expression in mice was highest in intra-abdominal AT followed by subcutaneous, peri-renal, and brown AT. In the murine 3T3-L1 cell line, Metrnl expression was high in pre-adipocytes and mature adipocytes with a transient downregulation during adipocyte differentiation. Metrnl expression remained unaffected upon treatment with glucose, insulin, fatty acids, bile acids, and incretins. Polyunsaturated omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids downregulated Metrnl expression. Systemic Metrnl is transiently upregulated during massive weight loss and gene expression in adipocytes is differentially regulated.
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Involvement of the secreted protein Metrnl in human diseases. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:1525-1530. [PMID: 32999412 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-00529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Metrnl, a secreted protein expressed in white adipose tissue, has been identified as a novel adipokine. It is also highly expressed in barrier tissues, including the skin, intestinal and respiratory tract epithelium in both mice and humans. Research shows that its expression is upregulated by inflammation, chronic high-fat diets, exercise, cold exposure, etc., and it plays important roles in promoting neurite extension, enhancing white fat browning, improving insulin sensitivity, modulating lipid metabolism and regulating inflammatory response, the latter implying Metrnl is a new cytokine. These studies suggest that Metrnl could be a promising biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for the related diseases. For proving this, clinical studies need to be performed to bridge the gap between bench and bedside. In this paper, we summarize the progress in recent clinical research on Metrnl. Most of these clinical studies are designed to confirm the relationship between circulating Metrnl and metabolic or cardiovascular disease (type 2 diabetes and coronary heart disease), or immune inflammation-related diseases, such as colitis, psoriasis and arthritis. Although blood Metrnl seems to fluctuate and are affected by many factors, such as drugs, physical exercise, and cold exposure, these clinical studies provide reliable clues that Metrnl is associated with coronary heart disease, inflammation-related diseases, etc. Nevertheless, the roles of Metrnl in some diseases such as nervous system diseases remain unclear, and its putative involvement should be further clarified. These studies could promote the application of Metrnl in clinic as a new therapeutic target.
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Gholamrezayi A, Mohamadinarab M, Rahbarinejad P, Fallah S, Barez SR, Setayesh L, Moradi N, Fadaei R, Chamani E, Tavakoli T. Characterization of the serum levels of Meteorin-like in patients with inflammatory bowel disease and its association with inflammatory cytokines. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:230. [PMID: 33126870 PMCID: PMC7602304 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01404-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Meteorin-like (Metrnl) is an adipokine with insulin sensitizing and anti-inflammatory properties that has been discovered recently. The relation among Metrnl, Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), and obesity has been unexplored yet. Methods The present study was conducted on 54 healthy control, 42 Ulcerative Colitis (UC), and 43 Crohn’s disease (CD) patients who were diagnosed by pathological examination. In all participants, serum levels of adiponectin, Metrnl, interleukin (IL)-6, and Tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) were measured using ELISA kits. Results Metrnl concentration was considerably lower in both UC (85.25 ± 36.55 pg/mL) and CD (76.93 ± 27.92 pg/mL) patients in comparison to control (107.52 ± 35.33 pg/mL). In addition, it was seen that both patient groups have a decreased level of adiponectin compared to the controls. Besides that, the level of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly greater in the patient groups. Moreover, the result showed that the level of Metrnl is inversely correlated with body mass index (BMI) in the controls and the patients. Metrnl levels are also inversely associated with IL-6, and TNF-α in both of the patient groups. Conclusions The current study is the first one reporting the decreased levels of Metrnl in serum among patients with IBD, which is inversely related with BMI, TNF-α, and IL-6. These results suggested a possible relation of Metrnl with the pathogenesis of IBD, particularly through inflammatory process, although further studies are warranted to dissect the possible mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsane Gholamrezayi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health-International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohamadinarab
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Rahbarinejad
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soudabeh Fallah
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shekufe Rezghi Barez
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Leila Setayesh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nariman Moradi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Reza Fadaei
- Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Elham Chamani
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
| | - Tahmine Tavakoli
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology Section, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
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Zhang SL, Li ZY, Wang DS, Xu TY, Fan MB, Cheng MH, Miao CY. Aggravated ulcerative colitis caused by intestinal Metrnl deficiency is associated with reduced autophagy in epithelial cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:763-770. [PMID: 31949292 PMCID: PMC7471395 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-019-0343-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metrnl is a newly identified secreted protein highly expressed in the intestinal epithelium. This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of intestinal epithelial Metrnl in ulcerative colitis. Metrnl-/- (intestinal epithelial cell-specific Metrnl knockout) mice did not display any phenotypes of colitis under basal conditions. However, under administration of 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) drinking water, colitis was more severe in Metrnl-/- mice than in WT mice, as indicated by comparisons of body weight loss, the presence of occult or gross blood per rectum, stool consistency, shrinkage in the colon, intestinal damage, and serum levels of inflammatory factors. DSS-induced colitis activated autophagy in the colon. This activation was partially inhibited by intestinal epithelial Metrnl deficiency, as indicated by a decrease in Beclin-1 and LC3-II/I and an increase in p62 in DSS-treated Metrnl-/- mice compared with WT mice. These phenomena were further confirmed by observation of autophagosomes and immunofluorescence staining for LC3 in epithelial cells. The autophagy-related AMPK-mTOR-p70S6K pathway was also activated in DSS-induced colitis, and this pathway was partially blocked by intestinal epithelial Metrnl deficiency, as indicated by a decrease in AMPK phosphorylation and an increase in mTOR and p70S6K phosphorylation in DSS-treated Metrnl-/- mice compared with WT mice. Therefore, Metrnl deficiency deteriorated ulcerative colitis at least partially through inhibition of autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR-p70S6K pathway, suggesting that Metrnl is a therapeutic target for ulcerative colitis.
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Role of Obesity, Mesenteric Adipose Tissue, and Adipokines in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120780. [PMID: 31779136 PMCID: PMC6995528 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a group of disorders which include ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Obesity is becoming increasingly more common among patients with inflammatory bowel disease and plays a role in the development and course of the disease. This is especially true in the case of Crohn's disease. The recent results indicate a special role of visceral adipose tissue and particularly mesenteric adipose tissue, also known as "creeping fat", in pathomechanism, leading to intestinal inflammation. The involvement of altered adipocyte function and the deregulated production of adipokines, such as leptin and adiponectin, has been suggested in pathogenesis of IBD. In this review, we discuss the epidemiology and pathophysiology of obesity in IBD, the influence of a Western diet on the course of Crohn's disease and colitis in IBD patients and animal's models, and the potential role of adipokines in these disorders. Since altered body composition, decrease of skeletal muscle mass, and development of pathologically changed mesenteric white adipose tissue are well-known features of IBD and especially of Crohn's disease, we discuss the possible crosstalk between adipokines and myokines released from skeletal muscle during exercise with moderate or forced intensity. The emerging role of microbiota and the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory enzymes such as intestinal alkaline phosphatase is also discussed, in order to open new avenues for the therapy against intestinal perturbations associated with IBD.
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Wang K, Li F, Wang C, Deng Y, Cao Z, Cui Y, Xu K, Ln P, Sun Y. Serum Levels of Meteorin-Like (Metrnl) Are Increased in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Are Associated with Insulin Resistance. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:2337-2343. [PMID: 30928991 PMCID: PMC6454984 DOI: 10.12659/msm.915331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meteorin-like (Metrnl) is a novel adipomyokine that may improve glucose tolerance and affect insulin resistance. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum levels of Metrnl with blood glucose status and to its association with insulin resistance. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 160 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) (n=40), impaired fasting glucose (IFG) (n=40), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (n=40), and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (n=40). An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the serum levels of Metrnl. Partial correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between serum levels of Metrnl and metabolic parameters. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the association between serum levels of Metrnl with the risk of diabetes. RESULTS Serum levels of Metrnl was highest in patients with T2DM and significantly increased in patients with prediabetes compared with individuals with NGT. After adjusting for age, gender, and body mass index (BMI), serum Metrnl level was significantly correlated with lipid profile, glucose profile, and insulin resistance. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that Metrnl significantly increased the risk of T2DM (OR=1.727; P=0.008) before adjusting for the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). When further adjusted for HOMA-IR, Metrnl was no longer associated with an increased OR for T2DM (OR=1.491; P=0.066), while the HOMA-IR significantly increased the risk of T2DM (OR=1.935; P=0.008). CONCLUSIONS Serum levels of Metrnl were significantly increased in patients with T2DM and may increase the risk of T2DM independent of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Fangna Li
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yang Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shouguang Peoples' Hospital, Shouguang, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhenzhen Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Peoples' Hospital of Pingyuan County, Pingyuan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yixin Cui
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, JinanJinan, Shandong, China (mainland).,Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Peng Ln
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (mainland)
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