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Yue F, Xu J, Meng L, Wang Q, Tan M, Zhang A, Yan S, Jiang D. A new insight into Cd exposure-induced hemocyte reduction in Lymantria dispar larvae: Involvement of the ROS-ATF6-ER stress-apoptosis pathway. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:134061. [PMID: 38508113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Hemocytes are important targets for heavy metal-induced immunotoxicity in insects. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which cadmium (Cd) exposure affects the hemocyte count in Lymantria dispar larvae. The results showed that the number of larval hemocytes was significantly decreased under Cd exposure, accompanied by a significant increase in the apoptosis rate and the expression of Caspase-3. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of hemocytes in the Cd-treated group showed irregular swelling. Expression levels of ER stress indicator genes (CHOP, Bip1, Bip2, Bip3, and Bip4) were significantly higher in the Cd-treated group. Among the three pathways that potentially mediate ER stress, only the key genes in the ATF6 pathway (ATF6, S1P-1, S1P-2, and WFS1) exhibited differential responses to Cd exposure. Cd exposure significantly increased the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the expression of oxidative stress-related genes (CNCC, P38, and ATF2) in hemocytes. Studies using inhibitors confirmed that apoptosis mediated the decrease in hemocyte count, ER stress mediated apoptosis, ATF6 pathway mediated ER stress, and ROS or oxidative stress mediated ER stress through the activation of the ATF6 pathway. Taken together, the ROS-ATF6-ER stress-apoptosis pathway is responsible for the reduction in the hemocyte count of Cd-treated L. dispar larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fusen Yue
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Jinsheng Xu
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Linyi Meng
- School of Forestry, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, PR China
| | - Qi Wang
- Forest Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Mingtao Tan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Aoying Zhang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Shanchun Yan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Dun Jiang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
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Yan S, Tan M, Zhang A, Jiang D. The exposure risk of heavy metals to insect pests and their impact on pests occurrence and cross-tolerance to insecticides: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 916:170274. [PMID: 38262537 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) pollution is a severe global environmental issue. HMs in the environment can transfer along the food chain, which aggravates their ecotoxicological effect and exposes the insects to heavy metal stress. In addition to their growth-toxic effects, HMs have been reported as abiotic environmental factors that influence the implementation of integrated pest management strategies, including microbial control, enemy insect control, and chemical control. This will bring new challenges to pest control and further highlight the ecotoxicological impact of HM pollution. In this review, the relationship between HM pollution and insecticide tolerance in pests was analyzed. Our focus is on the risks of HM exposure to pests, pests tolerance to insecticides under HM exposure, and the mechanisms underlying the effect of HM exposure on pests tolerance to insecticides. We infer that HM exposure, as an initial stressor, induces cross-tolerance in pests to subsequent insecticide stress. Additionally, the priming effect of HM exposure on enzymes associated with insecticide metabolism underlies cross-tolerance formation. This is a new interdisciplinary field between pollution ecology and pest control, with an important guidance value for optimizing pest control strategies in HM polluted areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanchun Yan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Mingtao Tan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Aoying Zhang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Dun Jiang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
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Zhang A, Li T, Yuan L, Tan M, Jiang D, Yan S. Digestive Characteristics of Hyphantria cunea Larvae on Different Host Plants. INSECTS 2023; 14:insects14050463. [PMID: 37233091 DOI: 10.3390/insects14050463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Digestive physiology mediates the adaptation of phytophagous insects to host plants. In this study, the digestive characteristics of Hyphantria cunea larvae feeding preferences on different host plants were investigated. The results showed that the body weight, food utilization, and nutrient contents of H. cunea larvae feeding on the high-preference host plants were significantly higher than those feeding on the low-preference host plants. However, the activity of larval digestive enzymes in different host plants presented an opposite trend, as higher α-amylase or trypsin activity was observed in the group feeding on the low-preference host plants than that feeding on the high-preference host plants. Upon treatment of leaves with α-amylase and trypsin inhibitors, the body weight, food intake, food utilization rate, and food conversion rate of H. cunea larvae significantly decreased in all host plant groups. Furthermore, the H. cunea comprised highly adaptable compensatory mechanisms of digestion involving digestive enzymes and nutrient metabolism in response to digestive enzyme inhibitors. Taken together, digestive physiology mediates the adaptation of H. cunea to multiple host plants, and the compensatory effect of digestive physiology is an important counter-defense strategy implemented by H. cunea to resist plant defense factors, especially the insect digestive enzyme inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoying Zhang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Tao Li
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Lisha Yuan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Mingtao Tan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Dun Jiang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Shanchun Yan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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Zheng L, Tan M, Yan S, Jiang D. Cadmium exposure-triggered growth retardation in Hyphantria cunea larvae involves disturbances in food utilization and energy metabolism. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 256:114886. [PMID: 37037109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Serious environmental pollution in the ecosystem makes phytophagous insects face a great risk of exposure to pollutants, especially heavy metals. This study aims to understand the effects of Cd exposure on the growth and development of Hyphantria cunea and to elucidate the mechanism of growth toxicity induced by Cd from the perspective of food utilization and energy metabolism. Our results showed that the larval basal growth data, growth index, fitness index, and standard growth index were significantly decreased after feeding on Cd-containing artificial diets. The Cd-treated larvae had significantly higher digestibility than the untreated larvae. However, the food consumption, efficiency of conversion of digested food, and efficiency of conversion of ingested food were significantly lower than those of untreated larvae. Eight key metabolites in the glycolysis pathway and six key metabolites in the tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway were significantly reduced in Cd-treated larvae. The mRNA expression levels of two regulatory genes (6-phosphofructokinase 1 and hexokinase-1) belonging to two key enzymes in the glycolysis pathway and four regulatory genes (isocitrate dehydrogenase-1, isocitrate dehydrogenase-3, citrate synthase, and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase) belonging to three key enzymes in the tricarboxylic acid cycle pathway were significantly lower in the Cd-treated group than in the control group. Furthermore, most fitness-related traits were significantly and positively correlated with food utilization (except approximate digestibility) or energy metabolism parameters. Taken together, Cd exposure-triggered growth retardation of H. cunea larvae is a consequence of disturbances in food utilization and energy metabolism, thereby emphasizing the toxicity of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zheng
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Mingtao Tan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China
| | - Shanchun Yan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
| | - Dun Jiang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management-Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, PR China.
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Alaaeldin Abdelfattah E, Renault D. Does the presence of heavy metal and catechol contaminants in organic waste challenge the physiological performance of the bioconverter Hermetia illucens? JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 144:104469. [PMID: 36525990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2022.104469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The increased human activities and the worldwide population growth are constantly increasing the production of solid wastes. Over the years, waste management has thus become a prominent issue for several companies and municipalities, and several engineering techniques have been developed over the years in order to convert wastes into other solid materials or fuels. Yet, several techniques are important contributors to environmental pollution, and biological-based solutions have thus become progressively very popular. In particular, insect-based conversion of organic wastes represent eco-friendly tools, and the growth and development of insect species such as the black soldier fly have been tested and improved for a large diversity of organic wastes. However, organic wastes, including food wastes, may contain several pollutants such as heavy metals and catechol which could affect the bioconversion efficiency by incurring physiological costs that would be undetectable at the organismal level, i.e. have null to little effects on the life cycle of Hermetia illucens. In this context, assessments of antioxidant capacities can provide a rapid and low-cost evaluation of the capability of insects to handle exposure to heavy metals and catechol. Here, we aimed at measuring the physiological responses of the black soldier fly H. illucens grown on food wastes (kitchen, fruit or vegetable wastes) contaminated by cadmium, iron, lead or catechol. Biomarkers of oxidative stress (concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and protein carbonyls), non-enzymatic total antioxidant capacity (ascorbic acid amounts) and activity of enzymatic antioxidants (activities of superoxide dismutase and polyphenoloxidase) were measured from the gut of the larvae. We found no evidence of deleterious impacts of food waste contamination by catechol or heavy metals on H. illucens. In most experimental treatments, the array of physiological endpoints we measured for evaluating the degree of oxidative stress experienced by the larvae remained similar to controls. Possible physiological effects were reported for cadmium and catechol only, which tended to increase the oxidation of proteins and hydrogen peroxide in the larvae. Finally, our results suggested that the nature of the food waste could equally affect the physiological responses of the insect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Renault
- University of Rennes, CNRS, ECOBIO (Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution), UMR, 6553 Rennes, France; Institut Universitaire de France, 1 rue Descartes, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.
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Yang Y, Qi J, Wang Z, Zhou Z, Zhao C, Dong X, Li X, Li C. Evaluating the Effects of Cu2+ on the Development and Reproduction of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Based on the Age-Stage, Two-Sex Life Table. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2022; 22:4. [PMID: 36426853 PMCID: PMC9693775 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieac065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu2+) is a micronutrient that promotes the development and reproduction of organisms. However, with the rapid expansion of modern industry and agriculture, Cu2+ concentrations are increasing, which might have negative impacts on biological and ecological safety. Spodoptera litura is not only an intermittent outbreak pest but also can be used as a model organism to assess environmental and ecological risks. Therefore, the effects of the life history and population parameters of S. litura fed on artificial diets with different Cu2+ concentrations were analyzed using the age-stage, two-sex life table. Our results showed that not only the preadult survival rate but also the intrinsic rate of increase (r) and the finite rate of increase (λ) were significantly increased under exposure to low Cu2+ concentrations (2, 4, and 8 mg/kg). In addition, the population growth of S. litura was significantly faster, indicating that S. litura can adapt well to low concentrations and is likely to undergo outbreaks of damage. Whereas, in addition to a significant reduction in preadult survival rate, population growth rate, pupal weight, pupal length, adult body weight, and oviposition were also significantly reduced under exposure to high Cu2+ concentration (32 mg/kg). And when the concentration reached 64 mg/kg, the survival rate of adults was extremely low, suggesting a decrease in the adaptation of S. litura. These results can help to understand the population dynamics of S. litura and predict potential ecological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Institute of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Jingwei Qi
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Institute of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Zailing Wang
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Institute of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Zhixiong Zhou
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Institute of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Changwei Zhao
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Institute of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaolin Dong
- Hubei Engineering Research Center for Pest Forewarning and Management, Institute of Entomology, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, Hubei, China
| | - Xihong Li
- Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
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Liew CS, Yunus NM, Chidi BS, Lam MK, Goh PS, Mohamad M, Sin JC, Lam SM, Lim JW, Lam SS. A review on recent disposal of hazardous sewage sludge via anaerobic digestion and novel composting. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 423:126995. [PMID: 34482076 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The high investment cost required by modern treatment technologies of hazardous sewage sludge such as incineration and anaerobic digestion have discouraged their application by many developing countries. Hence, this review elucidates the status, performances and limitations of two low-cost methods for biological treatment of hazardous sewage sludge, employing vermicomposting and black soldier fly larvae (BSFL). Their performances in terms of carbon recovery, nitrogen recovery, mass reduction, pathogen destruction and heavy metal stabilization were assessed alongside with the mature anaerobic digestion method. It was revealed that vermicomposting and BSFL were on par with anaerobic digestion for carbon recovery, nitrogen recovery and mass reduction. Thermophilic anaerobic digestion was found superior in pathogen destruction because of its high operational temperature. Anaerobic digestion also had proven its ability to stabilize heavy metals, but no conclusive finding could confirm similar application from vermicomposting or BSFL treatment. However, the addition of co-substrates or biochar during vermicomposting or BSFL treatment may show synergistic effects in stabilizing heavy metals as demonstrated by anaerobic digestion. Moreover, vermicomposting and BSFL valorization had manifested their potentialities as the low-cost alternatives for treating hazardous sewage sludge, whilst producing value-added feedstock for biochemical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Seng Liew
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Normawati M Yunus
- Centre of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL), Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Boredi Silas Chidi
- Bioresource Engineering Research Group (BioERG), Cape Peninsula University of Technology, P.O. Box 652, Cape Town 8000, South Africa
| | - Man Kee Lam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Pei Sean Goh
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre, School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mardawani Mohamad
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Jin Chung Sin
- Department of Petrochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Sze Mun Lam
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, Kampar, 31900 Perak, Malaysia
| | - Jun Wei Lim
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Sciences, HICoE-Centre for Biofuel and Biochemical Research, Institute of Self-Sustainable Building, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia.
| | - Su Shiung Lam
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Higher Institution Centre of Excellence (HICoE), Institute of Tropical Aquaculture and Fisheries (AKUATROP), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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Jiang D, Zhou Y, Tan M, Zhang J, Guo Q, Yan S. Cd exposure-induced growth retardation involves in energy metabolism disorder of midgut tissues in the gypsy moth larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:115173. [PMID: 32659567 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium, a common environmental contaminant in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, presented a serious hazard to growth and development of phytophagous insects. For better understanding the toxicology of Cd exposure on phytophagous insects, the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the energy metabolism disorder in midgut tissue of gypsy moth larvae fed on Cd-amended artificial diets (3.248 or 44.473 mg Cd/kg fresh food) were investigated. Our results showed that compared with control, Cd exposure at both two levels triggered detriment effects on growth indexes, and with the increase of exposure concentrations, the adverse effects were significantly exacerbated. Larval growth and nutritional indexes (except approximate digestibility) showed a strong positive correlation, indicating that growth retardation in the gypsy moth larvae under Cd stress was tightly related to the food utilization. The key genes at mRNA level in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, citrate cycle pathway and starch/sucrose metabolism pathway also presented a significant and positive correlation with growth indexes, once again demonstrating that energy metabolism was the key factor that controls the growth and development of the gypsy moth larvae under Cd stress. Antioxidant system collapse and oxidative damage, a chief cause of histopathological alterations in midgut tissue, consist of the physiological basis of energy metabolism disorder in Cd-treated gypsy moth larvae. Together, these results suggest that histopathological alterations or oxidative damage of tissue structure significant disturbed physiological functions of midgut tissue in gypsy moth larvae exposed to Cd stress, as reflected via food utilization or energy metabolism disorder, and eventually resulted in larval growth retardation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dun Jiang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Ministry of Education of PR China, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Yantao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Pest Monitoring and Warning, General Station of Forest and Grassland Pest Management, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Shenyang, 110034, PR China
| | - Mingtao Tan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Ministry of Education of PR China, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Ministry of Education of PR China, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Qingxi Guo
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Shanchun Yan
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Sustainable Forest Ecosystem Management, Ministry of Education of PR China, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China.
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Jin P, Chen J, Zhan H, Huang S, Wang J, Shu Y. Accumulation and excretion of zinc and their effects on growth and food utilization of Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 202:110883. [PMID: 32570104 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
By exposing larvae of the holometabolous insect Spodoptera litura to the artificial diets supplemented with a range of Zinc (Zn) contents, we investigated Zn ingestion, excretion and accumulation in the insect throughout its life cycle. The effects of Zn stress on the survival, growth and food utilization of S. litura were also determined. Zn concentrations in the body (larvae, pupae, and adults), faeces, exuviates, puparium, eggs increased with the increasing Zn concentrations in the diets, while Zn excretion and accumulation by S. litura in 750 mg/kg Zn treatments was lower than the 600 mg/kg Zn treatment. In the 450 mg/kg Zn treatment, the Zn accumulation in S. litura at different developmental stages differed as follows: larvae > pupa > adult. S. litura ingested Zn via feeding and could excrete most of the Zn via faeces (compared with Zn excretion via exuviates) to reduce its internal Zn accumulation (compared with Zn ingestion). Survival and weight were significantly inhibited, and the prolonged period of development (larvae, pupae) and shortened longevity of adults were found in S. litura exposed to Zn stress greater than 450 mg Zn/kg. In the 150-450 mg/kg Zn treatments, the 6th instar larvae increased their relative consumption rate (RCR) and approximate digestibility (AD) (namely, food eaten) to gain weight, which resulted in greater Zn accumulation in the body. Therefore, below the threshold level (being close to 450 mg/kg Zn), S. litura seemed to have a strong homeostatic adjustment ability (increase the amount of food eaten, thereby increasing AD, RCR and Zn excretion via faeces and exuviates) to sustain their weight, and Zn was beneficial and harmless. Although larvae treated with 750 mg/kg Zn had a similar RCR and AD as the control, a reduced weight gain and prolonged larval period resulted in significantly lower relative growth rate (RGR), which indicated surviving insects may allocate more energy from foods for detoxification than for growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Jin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Centre for Modern Eco-agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Centre for Modern Eco-agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Huiru Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Centre for Modern Eco-agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shimin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Centre for Modern Eco-agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jianwu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Centre for Modern Eco-agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Yinghua Shu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Engineering Research Centre for Modern Eco-agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Department of Ecology, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Wu N, Wang X, Xu X, Cai R, Xie S. Effects of heavy metals on the bioaccumulation, excretion and gut microbiome of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 192:110323. [PMID: 32066008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) have become a promising candidate for waste disposal and are an ideal feed source for animal nutrition. The uptake of heavy metals could influence the growth of BSFL, but the effects of heavy metal pressures on the gut microbiota of BSFL are largely uncharacterized. Here, we examine the influences of Cu and Cd on the growth and gut microbiota of BSFL as well as the distribution of accumulated heavy metals in the larvae and their feces. Exposure to Cu (from 100 to 800 mg/kg) and Cd (from 10 to 80 mg/kg) did not significantly inhibit the weight gain of BSFL. With elevated exposure doses, the contents of both Cu and Cd accumulated in the bodies and feces of BSFL were remarkably increased. In the BSFL feces, Cu mainly existed as residues, while Cd mainly existed as either water-soluble states (in the low-exposure groups) or residues (in the high-exposure groups). Cd was more readily enriched (47.1%-91.3%) than Cu (<30%) in vivo. More importantly, exposure to Cu and Cd remarkably altered the gut microbiota of BSFL, particularly in the phyla Proteobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. High exposure to the metals (i.e., Cu-800 and Cd-80 groups) substantially decreased the abundances of most of the dominant families, but significantly stimulated the enrichment of Brucellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Alcaligenaceae, Campylobacteraceae, and Enterococcaceae. Moreover, the bacterial diversity in the BSFL gut was significantly reduced following high exposure to the metals. These results may fill a gap in our knowledge of the effects of heavy metals on the intestinal microbiome of BSFL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wu
- College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiaobo Wang
- College of Agronomy and Resource and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- College of Agronomy and Resource and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Ruijie Cai
- College of Agronomy and Resource and Environment, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Shiyu Xie
- College of Engineering and Technology, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
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11
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Zeng J, Shi Z, Shi J, Guo J, Zhang G, Zhang J. Ambient temperature-mediated enzymic activities and intestinal microflora in Lymantria dispar larvae. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 102:e21597. [PMID: 31328829 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To understand how ambient temperature affect the gypsy moth larvae, and provide a theoretical basis for pest control in different environments. Fourth instar gypsy moth larvae were incubating for 3 hr at 15℃, 20℃, 25℃, 30℃, 35℃, and 40℃, respectively. Afterward, digestive and antioxidant enzyme activities, total antioxidant capacity, and intestinal microflora community were analyzed to reveal how the caterpillars respond to ambient temperature stress. Results showed that both digestive and antioxidant enzymes were regulated by the ambient temperature. The optimum incubation temperatures of protease, amylase, trehalase, and lipase in gypsy moth larvae were 30℃, 25℃, and 20℃, respectively. When the incubation temperature was deviated optimum temperatures, digestive enzyme activities would be downregulated depending on the extent of temperature stress. In addition, glutathione S-transferase, peroxidase, catalase, and polyphenol oxidase would be activated under a sufferable temperature stress, but superoxide dismutase and carboxylesterase (CarE) would be inhibited. In addition, results showed that the top two abundant phyla were Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. The phylum Firmicutes abundance was decreased and phylum Proteobacteria abundance was increased by ambient temperature stress. Moreover, it suggested that gypsy moth caterpillars at different ambient temperature mainly differed from each other by Escherichia-Shigella and Bifidobacterium in control, Acinetobacter in T15, and Lactobacillus in T40, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- JianYong Zeng
- School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - ZhongBin Shi
- School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - JianHong Shi
- School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - JiaXing Guo
- School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - GuoCai Zhang
- School of Forest, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
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12
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McTavish MJ, Smenderovac E, Gunn J, Murphy SD. Insect Defoliators in Recovering Industrial Landscapes: Effects of Landscape Degradation and Remediation Near an Abandoned Metal Smelter on Gypsy Moth (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) Feeding, Frass Production, and Frass Properties. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2019; 48:1187-1196. [PMID: 31565738 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvz096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although insect defoliators are recognized as major agents of ecological change in North American forests, their ecology in industrially degraded landscapes with poor-quality soils, metal contamination, and marginal vegetation growth is largely unknown. We fed gypsy moth larvae (Lymantria dispar L.) paper birch leaves (Betula papyrifera Marsh) (Fagales: Betulaceae) collected from four forested catchment areas near an abandoned Cu/Ni smelter in Sudbury (Ontario, Canada) with different histories of industrial degradation and remediation (reference, remediated, natural recovery, and degraded). We measured caterpillar feeding, frass properties and decomposability, and the effects of frass on the growth of ticklegrass (Agrostis scabra Willd.) (Poales: Poaceae). Caterpillars generally ate more (+25-50%) and produced more frass (+30-40 %) on a diet of leaves from the more industrially degraded sites. Frass had an overall positive effect on plant survivorship (+4.1-10.8 effect size) and growth (+0.1-0.5 effect size), although the smallest benefits came from frass derived from vegetation from the more heavily degraded sites. Our results suggest that defoliating insects respond to differences in environmental degradation and remediation and that industrial landscapes may be particularly susceptible to more extensive defoliation and increased conversion of foliar biomass into frass, which could alter plant growth and survivorship, soil development, and nutrient and metal cycling. Some of these effects may pose additional challenges to landscape recovery (e.g., increased defoliation) while others may be beneficial (e.g., enhanced plant growth and soil development).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McTavish
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Emily Smenderovac
- Vale Living with Lakes Centre, Laurentian University, Sudbury ON, Canada
| | - John Gunn
- Vale Living with Lakes Centre, Laurentian University, Sudbury ON, Canada
| | - Stephen D Murphy
- School of Environment, Resources and Sustainability, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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