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Romero A, Ashcraft L, Chandra A, DiMassa V, Cremin P, Collibee SE, Chuang C, Hartman J, Hwee DT, St. Jean D, Malinowski J, DeBenedetto M, Moebius D, Payette J, Vargas R, Yeoman J, Motani A, Reagan J, Malik FI, Morgan BP. Discovery of Nelutroctiv (CK-136), a Selective Cardiac Troponin Activator for the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases Associated with Reduced Cardiac Contractility. J Med Chem 2024; 67:7825-7835. [PMID: 38729623 PMCID: PMC11129190 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Cardiac myosin activation has been shown to be a viable approach for the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Here, we report the discovery of nelutroctiv (CK-136), a selective cardiac troponin activator intended for patients with cardiovascular conditions where cardiac contractility is reduced. Discovery of nelutroctiv began with a high-throughput screen that identified compound 1R, a muscle selective cardiac sarcomere activator devoid of phosphodiesterase-3 activity. Optimization of druglike properties for 1R led to the replacement of the sulfonamide and aniline substituents which resulted in improved pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles and a reduced potential for human drug-drug interactions. In vivo echocardiography assessment of the optimized leads showed concentration dependent increases in fractional shortening and an improved pharmacodynamic window compared to myosin activator CK-138. Overall, nelutroctiv was found to possess the desired selectivity, a favorable pharmacodynamic window relative to myosin activators, and a preclinical PK profile to support clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Romero
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 350 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Luke Ashcraft
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 350 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Aroop Chandra
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 350 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Vincent DiMassa
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 350 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Peadar Cremin
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 350 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Scott E. Collibee
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 350 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Chihyuan Chuang
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 350 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - James Hartman
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 350 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Darren T. Hwee
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 350 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - David St. Jean
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 350 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Justin Malinowski
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 350 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mikkel DeBenedetto
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 350 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - David Moebius
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 350 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Joshua Payette
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 350 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Richard Vargas
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 350 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - John Yeoman
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 350 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Alykhan Motani
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 350 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jeffrey Reagan
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 350 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Fady I. Malik
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 350 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Bradley P. Morgan
- Cytokinetics, Inc., 350 Oyster Point Boulevard, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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Guerra PG, Simpson CS, Van Spall HGC, Asgar AW, Billia P, Cadrin-Tourigny J, Chakrabarti S, Cheung CC, Dore A, Fordyce CB, Gouda P, Hassan A, Krahn A, Luc JGY, Mak S, McMurtry S, Norris C, Philippon F, Sapp J, Sheldon R, Silversides C, Steinberg C, Wood DA. Canadian Cardiovascular Society 2023 Guidelines on the Fitness to Drive. Can J Cardiol 2024; 40:500-523. [PMID: 37820870 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2023.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular conditions are among the most frequent causes of impairment to drive, because they might induce unpredictable mental state alterations via diverse mechanisms like myocardial ischemia, cardiac arrhythmias, and vascular dysfunction. Accordingly, health professionals are often asked to assess patients' fitness to drive (FTD). The Canadian Cardiovascular Society previously published FTD guidelines in 2003-2004; herein, we present updated FTD guidelines. Because there are no randomized trials on FTD, observational studies were used to estimate the risk of driving impairment in each situation, and recommendations made on the basis of Canadian Cardiovascular Society Risk of Harm formula. More restrictive recommendations were made for commercial drivers, who spend longer average times behind the wheel, use larger vehicles, and might transport a larger number of passengers. We provide guidance for individuals with: (1) active coronary artery disease; (2) various forms of valvular heart disease; (3) heart failure, heart transplant, and left ventricular assist device situations; (4) arrhythmia syndromes; (5) implantable devices; (6) syncope history; and (7) congenital heart disease. We suggest appropriate waiting times after cardiac interventions or acute illnesses before driving resumption. When short-term driving cessation is recommended, recommendations are on the basis of expert consensus rather than the Risk of Harm formula because risk elevation is expected to be transient. These recommendations, although not a substitute for clinical judgement or governmental regulations, provide specialists, primary care providers, and allied health professionals with a comprehensive list of a wide range of cardiac conditions, with guidance provided on the basis of the level of risk of impairment, along with recommendations about ability to drive and the suggested duration of restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G Guerra
- Université de Montréal, Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | | | - Harriette G C Van Spall
- McMaster University, Hamilton Health Sciences Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, and Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anita W Asgar
- Université de Montréal, Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Phyllis Billia
- University of Toronto, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia Cadrin-Tourigny
- Université de Montréal, Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Santabhanu Chakrabarti
- Division of Cardiology and Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christopher C Cheung
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Annie Dore
- Université de Montréal, Institut de Cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christopher B Fordyce
- Division of Cardiology and Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Pishoy Gouda
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ansar Hassan
- Mitral Center of Excellence, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine, USA
| | - Andrew Krahn
- Division of Cardiology and Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jessica G Y Luc
- Division of Cardiology and Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Susanna Mak
- University of Toronto, Sinai Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Francois Philippon
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec, Hôpital Laval, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - John Sapp
- Dalhousie University, QEII Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | | | - Christian Steinberg
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et Pneumologie de Québec, Hôpital Laval, Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - David A Wood
- Division of Cardiology and Centre for Cardiovascular Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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3
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Payne FM, Nie S, Diffee GM, Wilkins GT, Larsen DS, Harrison JC, Baldi JC, Sammut IA. The carbon monoxide prodrug oCOm-21 increases Ca 2+ sensitivity of the cardiac myofilament. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15974. [PMID: 38491822 PMCID: PMC10943376 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass procedures require inotropic support to improve hemodynamic function and cardiac output. Current inotropes such as dobutamine, can promote arrhythmias, prompting a demand for improved inotropes with little effect on intracellular Ca2+ flux. Low-dose carbon monoxide (CO) induces inotropic effects in perfused hearts. Using the CO-releasing pro-drug, oCOm-21, we investigated if this inotropic effect results from an increase in myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity. Male Sprague Dawley rat left ventricular cardiomyocytes were permeabilized, and myofilament force was measured as a function of -log [Ca2+ ] (pCa) in the range of 9.0-4.5 under five conditions: vehicle, oCOm-21, the oCOm-21 control BP-21, and levosimendan, (9 cells/group). Ca2+ sensitivity was assessed by the Ca2+ concentration at which 50% of maximal force is produced (pCa50 ). oCOm-21, but not BP-21 significantly increased pCa50 compared to vehicle, respectively (pCa50 5.52 vs. 5.47 vs. 5.44; p < 0.05). No change in myofilament phosphorylation was seen after oCOm-21 treatment. Pretreatment of cardiomyocytes with the heme scavenger hemopexin, abolished the Ca2+ sensitizing effect of oCOm-21. These results support the hypothesis that oCOm-21-derived CO increases myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity through a heme-dependent mechanism but not by phosphorylation. Further analyses will confirm if this Ca2+ sensitizing effect occurs in an intact heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fergus M. Payne
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinOtagoNew Zealand
- Otago Medical School, Department of MedicineUniversity of OtagoDunedinOtagoNew Zealand
- HeartOtagoUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Samantha Nie
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinOtagoNew Zealand
- HeartOtagoUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Gary M. Diffee
- Department of KinesiologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Gerard T. Wilkins
- Otago Medical School, Department of MedicineUniversity of OtagoDunedinOtagoNew Zealand
- HeartOtagoUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - David S. Larsen
- School of Science, Department of ChemistryUniversity of OtagoDunedinOtagoNew Zealand
| | - Joanne C. Harrison
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinOtagoNew Zealand
- HeartOtagoUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - James C. Baldi
- Otago Medical School, Department of MedicineUniversity of OtagoDunedinOtagoNew Zealand
- HeartOtagoUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
| | - Ivan A. Sammut
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and ToxicologyUniversity of OtagoDunedinOtagoNew Zealand
- HeartOtagoUniversity of OtagoDunedinNew Zealand
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D'Amato A, Prosperi S, Severino P, Myftari V, Labbro Francia A, Cestiè C, Pierucci N, Marek-Iannucci S, Mariani MV, Germanò R, Fanisio F, Lavalle C, Maestrini V, Badagliacca R, Mancone M, Fedele F, Vizza CD. Current Approaches to Worsening Heart Failure: Pathophysiological and Molecular Insights. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1574. [PMID: 38338853 PMCID: PMC10855688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Worsening heart failure (WHF) is a severe and dynamic condition characterized by significant clinical and hemodynamic deterioration. It is characterized by worsening HF signs, symptoms and biomarkers, despite the achievement of an optimized medical therapy. It remains a significant challenge in cardiology, as it evolves into advanced and end-stage HF. The hyperactivation of the neurohormonal, adrenergic and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system are well known pathophysiological pathways involved in HF. Several drugs have been developed to inhibit the latter, resulting in an improvement in life expectancy. Nevertheless, patients are exposed to a residual risk of adverse events, and the exploration of new molecular pathways and therapeutic targets is required. This review explores the current landscape of WHF, highlighting the complexities and factors contributing to this critical condition. Most recent medical advances have introduced cutting-edge pharmacological agents, such as guanylate cyclase stimulators and myosin activators. Regarding device-based therapies, invasive pulmonary pressure measurement and cardiac contractility modulation have emerged as promising tools to increase the quality of life and reduce hospitalizations due to HF exacerbations. Recent innovations in terms of WHF management emphasize the need for a multifaceted and patient-centric approach to address the complex HF syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea D'Amato
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Prosperi
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Severino
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Myftari
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Aurora Labbro Francia
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Cestiè
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Pierucci
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefanie Marek-Iannucci
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Valerio Mariani
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Rosanna Germanò
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Lavalle
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Viviana Maestrini
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Badagliacca
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Mancone
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Carmine Dario Vizza
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Abdurrab I, Mahmood T, Sheikh S, Aijaz S, Kashif M, Memon A, Ali I, Peerwani G, Pathan A, Alkhodre AB, Siddiqui MS. Predicting the Length of Stay of Cardiac Patients Based on Pre-Operative Variables-Bayesian Models vs. Machine Learning Models. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:249. [PMID: 38255136 PMCID: PMC10815919 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Length of stay (LoS) prediction is deemed important for a medical institution's operational and logistical efficiency. Sound estimates of a patient's stay increase clinical preparedness and reduce aberrations. Various statistical methods and techniques are used to quantify and predict the LoS of a patient based on pre-operative clinical features. This study evaluates and compares the results of Bayesian (simple Bayesian regression and hierarchical Bayesian regression) models and machine learning (ML) regression models against multiple evaluation metrics for the problem of LoS prediction of cardiac patients admitted to Tabba Heart Institute, Karachi, Pakistan (THI) between 2015 and 2020. In addition, the study also presents the use of hierarchical Bayesian regression to account for data variability and skewness without homogenizing the data (by removing outliers). LoS estimates from the hierarchical Bayesian regression model resulted in a root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) of 1.49 and 1.16, respectively. Simple Bayesian regression (without hierarchy) achieved an RMSE and MAE of 3.36 and 2.05, respectively. The average RMSE and MAE of ML models remained at 3.36 and 1.98, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Abdurrab
- Department of Computer Science, Institute of Business Administration, Karachi 75270, Pakistan;
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Computer Science, Institute of Business Administration, Karachi 75270, Pakistan;
| | - Sana Sheikh
- Department of Clinical Research Cardiology, Tabba Heart Institute, Karachi 75950, Pakistan; (S.S.); (S.A.); (M.K.); (A.M.); (I.A.); (G.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Saba Aijaz
- Department of Clinical Research Cardiology, Tabba Heart Institute, Karachi 75950, Pakistan; (S.S.); (S.A.); (M.K.); (A.M.); (I.A.); (G.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Muhammad Kashif
- Department of Clinical Research Cardiology, Tabba Heart Institute, Karachi 75950, Pakistan; (S.S.); (S.A.); (M.K.); (A.M.); (I.A.); (G.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Ahson Memon
- Department of Clinical Research Cardiology, Tabba Heart Institute, Karachi 75950, Pakistan; (S.S.); (S.A.); (M.K.); (A.M.); (I.A.); (G.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Imran Ali
- Department of Clinical Research Cardiology, Tabba Heart Institute, Karachi 75950, Pakistan; (S.S.); (S.A.); (M.K.); (A.M.); (I.A.); (G.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Ghazal Peerwani
- Department of Clinical Research Cardiology, Tabba Heart Institute, Karachi 75950, Pakistan; (S.S.); (S.A.); (M.K.); (A.M.); (I.A.); (G.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Asad Pathan
- Department of Clinical Research Cardiology, Tabba Heart Institute, Karachi 75950, Pakistan; (S.S.); (S.A.); (M.K.); (A.M.); (I.A.); (G.P.); (A.P.)
| | - Ahmad B. Alkhodre
- Faculty of Computer and Information Systems, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.A.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Muhammad Shoaib Siddiqui
- Faculty of Computer and Information Systems, Islamic University of Madinah, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia; (A.B.A.); (M.S.S.)
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6
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The Future for Inotropes in Heart Failure. Do Not Throw the Baby Out With the Bathwater! J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2023; 81:1-3. [PMID: 36383059 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Zhang H, Jiang L, Fu R, Qin P, Zhang X, Tian T, Feng GX, Yang YM. Impact of levosimendan on efficacy and renal function in acute heart failure according to renal function: A perspective, multi-center, real-world registry. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:986039. [PMID: 36337876 PMCID: PMC9626812 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.986039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Acute heart failure (AHF) is associated with high mortality. Levosimendan, an inodilator, has proved to increase cardiac output and exert renoprotective effect in AHF. Our aim was to investigate the efficacy and renoprotective effects of levosimendan in patients with AHF and different renal function. Methods This is a prospective, observational, multi-center registry. Patients admitted with AHF between June 2020 and May 2022 and treated with levosimendan during the hospital stay were included. Baseline characteristics, laboratory tests, electrocardiogram (ECG), chest X-ray, echocardiography, and treatment were collected. A 5-point Likert scale was used to document patients' baseline dyspnea. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated by means of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation. After levosimendan infusion, patients underwent assessment of degree of dyspnea, and levels of brain-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) /N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-pro BNP), and eGFR repeatedly. Results Among 789 AHF patients who received levosimendan treatment in this study, 33.0 % were female, mean age was 64.9 ± 16.8 years, and mean eGFR was 72.6 ± 32.5 ml/min/m2. The mean score of dyspnea was 3.0 ± 1.0 using 5-point Likert scale before levosimendan infusion. Dyspnea improved in 68.7% patients at 6h after infusion of levosimendan, and in 79.5% at 24 h. Lower eGFR was associated with lower efficacy rate after 6h infusion (71.7, 70.7, 65.2, and 66.0%, respectively) and after 24 h infusion (80.5, 81.4, 76.2, and 77.8%, respectively). The levels of BNP or NT-pro BNP were also decreased after levosimendan treatment, and in each eGFR category. Levels of eGFR increased from baseline (72.6 ± 32.5 ml/min/m2) to 12–24h (73.8 ± 33.5 ml/min/m2) and 24–72h (75.0 ± 33.4 ml/min/m2) after starting treatment (p < 0.001). However, the eGFR levels increased only in patients with eGFR lower than 90.0 ml/min/m2. Conclusions In AHF patients who received levosimendan, degree of dyspnea and levels of BNP or NT-pro BNP were significantly improved, especially in patients with higher eGFR levels. However, levosimendan infusion increase eGFR only in AHF patients with renal dysfunction.
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8
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Zhang A, De Gala V, Lementowski PW, Cvetkovic D, Xu JL, Villion A. Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Rescue in a Patient With Pulmonary Hypertension Presenting for Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Case Report and Narrative Review. Cureus 2022; 14:e28234. [PMID: 36158355 PMCID: PMC9488858 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) are at an increased risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality when undergoing non-cardiac surgery. We present a case of a 57-year-old patient with severe PH, who developed cardiac arrest as the result of right heart failure, undergoing a revision total hip arthroplasty under combined spinal epidural anesthesia. Emergent veno-arterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was undertaken as rescue therapy during the pulmonary hypertensive crisis and a temporizing measure to provide circulatory support in an intensive care unit (ICU). We present a narrative review on perioperative management for patients with PH undergoing non-cardiac surgery. The review goes through the updated hemodynamic definition, clinical classification of PH, perioperative morbidity, and mortality associated with PH in non-cardiac surgery. Pre-operative assessment evaluates the type of surgery, the severity of PH, and comorbidities. General anesthesia (GA) is discussed in detail for patients with PH regarding the benefits of and unsubstantiated arguments against GA in non-cardiac surgery. The literature on risks and benefits of regional anesthesia (RA) in terms of neuraxial, deep plexus, and peripheral nerve block with or without sedation in patients with PH undergoing non-cardiac surgery is reviewed. The choice of anesthesia technique depends on the type of surgery, right ventricle (RV) function, pulmonary artery (PA) pressure, and comorbidities. Given the differences in pathophysiology and mechanical circulatory support (MCS) between the RV and left ventricle (LV), the indications, goals, and contraindications of VA-ECMO as a rescue in cardiopulmonary arrest and pulmonary hypertensive crisis in patients with PH are discussed. Given the significant morbidity and mortality associated with PH, multidisciplinary teams including anesthesiologists, surgeons, cardiologists, pulmonologists, and psychological and social worker support should provide perioperative management.
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9
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Eaton DM, Martin TG, Kasa M, Djalinac N, Ljubojevic-Holzer S, Von Lewinski D, Pöttler M, Kampaengsri T, Krumphuber A, Scharer K, Maechler H, Zirlik A, McKinsey TA, Kirk JA, Houser SR, Rainer PP, Wallner M. HDAC Inhibition Regulates Cardiac Function by Increasing Myofilament Calcium Sensitivity and Decreasing Diastolic Tension. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071509. [PMID: 35890404 PMCID: PMC9323146 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently established a large animal model that recapitulates key clinical features of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and tested the effects of the pan-HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA). SAHA reversed and prevented the development of cardiopulmonary impairment. This study evaluated the effects of SAHA at the level of cardiomyocyte and contractile protein function to understand how it modulates cardiac function. Both isolated adult feline ventricular cardiomyocytes (AFVM) and left ventricle (LV) trabeculae isolated from non-failing donors were treated with SAHA or vehicle before recording functional data. Skinned myocytes were isolated from AFVM and human trabeculae to assess myofilament function. SAHA-treated AFVM had increased contractility and improved relaxation kinetics but no difference in peak calcium transients, with increased calcium sensitivity and decreased passive stiffness of myofilaments. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed increased acetylation of the myosin regulatory light chain with SAHA treatment. SAHA-treated human trabeculae had decreased diastolic tension and increased developed force. Myofilaments isolated from human trabeculae had increased calcium sensitivity and decreased passive stiffness. These findings suggest that SAHA has an important role in the direct control of cardiac function at the level of the cardiomyocyte and myofilament by increasing myofilament calcium sensitivity and reducing diastolic tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah M. Eaton
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (D.M.E.); (S.R.H.)
- Penn Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Thomas G. Martin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60153, USA; (T.G.M.); (T.K.); (J.A.K.)
| | - Michael Kasa
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.K.); (N.D.); (S.L.-H.); (D.V.L.); (M.P.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (A.Z.); (P.P.R.)
| | - Natasa Djalinac
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.K.); (N.D.); (S.L.-H.); (D.V.L.); (M.P.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (A.Z.); (P.P.R.)
| | - Senka Ljubojevic-Holzer
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.K.); (N.D.); (S.L.-H.); (D.V.L.); (M.P.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (A.Z.); (P.P.R.)
| | - Dirk Von Lewinski
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.K.); (N.D.); (S.L.-H.); (D.V.L.); (M.P.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (A.Z.); (P.P.R.)
| | - Maria Pöttler
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.K.); (N.D.); (S.L.-H.); (D.V.L.); (M.P.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (A.Z.); (P.P.R.)
| | - Theerachat Kampaengsri
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60153, USA; (T.G.M.); (T.K.); (J.A.K.)
| | - Andreas Krumphuber
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.K.); (N.D.); (S.L.-H.); (D.V.L.); (M.P.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (A.Z.); (P.P.R.)
| | - Katharina Scharer
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.K.); (N.D.); (S.L.-H.); (D.V.L.); (M.P.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (A.Z.); (P.P.R.)
| | - Heinrich Maechler
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Andreas Zirlik
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.K.); (N.D.); (S.L.-H.); (D.V.L.); (M.P.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (A.Z.); (P.P.R.)
| | - Timothy A. McKinsey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
- Consortium for Fibrosis Research & Translation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Jonathan A. Kirk
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60153, USA; (T.G.M.); (T.K.); (J.A.K.)
| | - Steven R. Houser
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (D.M.E.); (S.R.H.)
| | - Peter P. Rainer
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.K.); (N.D.); (S.L.-H.); (D.V.L.); (M.P.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (A.Z.); (P.P.R.)
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Markus Wallner
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (D.M.E.); (S.R.H.)
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.K.); (N.D.); (S.L.-H.); (D.V.L.); (M.P.); (A.K.); (K.S.); (A.Z.); (P.P.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Krychtiuk KA, Vrints C, Wojta J, Huber K, Speidl WS. Basic mechanisms in cardiogenic shock: part 1-definition and pathophysiology. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR CARE 2022; 11:356-365. [PMID: 35218350 DOI: 10.1093/ehjacc/zuac021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cardiogenic shock mortality rates remain high despite significant advances in cardiovascular medicine and the widespread uptake of mechanical circulatory support systems. Except for early invasive angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention of the infarct-related artery, the most widely used therapeutic measures are based on low-quality evidence. The grim prognosis and lack of high-quality data warrant further action. Part 1 of this two-part educational review defines cardiogenic shock and discusses current treatment strategies. In addition, we summarize current knowledge on basic mechanisms in the pathophysiology of cardiogenic shock, focusing on inflammation and microvascular disturbances, which may ultimately be translated into diagnostic or therapeutic approaches to improve the outcome of our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin A Krychtiuk
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Christiaan Vrints
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, Department GENCOR, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), Edegem, Belgium
| | - Johann Wojta
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria
- Core Facilities, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kurt Huber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria
- 3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology and Intensive Care Unit, Wilhelminenhospital, Vienna, Austria
- Medical School, Sigmund Freud University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter S Speidl
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cardiovascular Research, Vienna, Austria
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Effect of ICD/CRT-D Implantation on Adverse Events and Readmission Rate in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure (CHF). COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:8695291. [PMID: 35615439 PMCID: PMC9126666 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8695291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the effect of implantable cardioverter defibrillator/cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (ICD/CRT-D) implantation on adverse events and the readmission rate in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods Sixty patients with CHF treated in our hospital from April 2019 to July 2021 were enrolled. The patients were randomly assigned into the control group and study group. The control group received routine intervention, and the study group received remote management with ICD/CRT-D implantation. Results First of all, we compared the general data of the two groups. There was no significant difference in LVEF, NYHA grade, concomitant disease, and history of arrhythmia (P > 0.05). Secondly, we compared the end-point events. In the study group, 5 cases of heart failure were readmitted, 0 cases died, and 4 cases were admitted to hospital with arrhythmia and ICD events, with a total incidence of 30.0%, while in the control group, 12 cases were rehospitalized with heart failure, 3 cases died, 25 cases were admitted with arrhythmia and ICD events, and the total incidence rate was 56.67% (P < 0.05). In terms of the readmission rate of patients with heart failure in grade NYHAII and grade III, among the patients with grade NYHAII, the number of patients with heart failure less than once in the study group was higher compared to that in the control group and the number of patients with heart failure ≥ once in the study group was lower compared to that in the control group (P < 0.05). Among the patients with grade NYHAIII, the number of patients with heart failure less than once in the study group was higher compared to that in the control group and the number of patients with heart failure ≥ once in the study group was lower compared to that in the control group. There exhibited no significant difference in the data (P > 0.05). Considering the occurrence of VT and VF events, the study team reported that 14 patients recorded a total of 276 ventricular arrhythmias: 261 ventricular tachycardia and 15 ventricular fibrillations. Among them, 24 VT (9.2%) and 4 VF (26.7%) were determined to be misrecognition of the equipment. A total of 178 ventricular arrhythmias were recorded in 13 patients in the control group, including 152 ventricular tachycardia and 26 ventricular fibrillations. Among them, 10 VT (6.6%) and 8 VF (30.8%) were determined as misrecognition of the device. In regard to the treatment results of the two groups, after admission to the hospital for radio frequency, ablation, and adjustment of drug treatment to reprogram control, the patients did not reappear to have CRT-D misidentification and misdischarged. Finally, we compared the diagnosis time of VT/VE events. The time from VT/VE events to diagnosis in 14 patients in the study group was 2.55 ± 1.41 days, and that in 13 patients in the control group was 37.32 ± 15.31 days. The discovery of ICD events in the study group was significantly earlier compared to that in the routine follow-up group (P < 0.05). This gives doctors enough time to assess the patient's condition and determine a further diagnosis and treatment plan. Conclusion Using ICD/CRT-D implantation to remotely monitor patients with CHF, through remote monitoring of the 24-hour average heart rate and the heart rate at rest and patient activity and other parameters and early intervention, the readmission rate caused by the deterioration of heart failure can be reduced. Compared with routine follow-up, remote monitoring significantly reduced the diagnosis time of VT/VE events.
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