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Mai ZH, Huang JH, Peng ZL, Pan YJ, Sun ZW, Ai H. miR-20a: a key regulator of orthodontic tooth movement via BMP2 signaling pathway modulation. Connect Tissue Res 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38922815 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2024.2365201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
AIM In this study, we aimed to establish a rat tooth movement model to assess miR-20's ability in enhancing the BMP2 signaling pathway and facilitate alveolar bone remodeling. METHOD 60 male SD rats had nickel titanium spring devices placed between their left upper first molars and incisors, with the right side serving as the control. Forces were applied at varying durations (18h, 24h, 30h, 36h, 42h, 1d, 3d, 5d, 7d, 14d), and their bilateral maxillary molars and surrounding alveolar bones were retrieved for analysis. Fluorescent quantitative PCR was conducted to assess miR-20a, BMP2, Runx2, Bambi and Smad6 gene expression in alveolar bone, and western blot was performed to determine the protein levels of BMP2, Runx2, Bambi, and Smad6 after mechanical loading. RESULT We successfully established an orthodontic tooth movement model in SD rats and revealed upregulated miR-20a expression and significantly increased BMP2 and Runx2 gene expression and protein synthesis in alveolar bone during molar tooth movement. Although Bambi and Smad6 gene expression did not significantly increase, their protein synthesis was found to decrease significantly. CONCLUSION MiR-20a was found to be involved in rat tooth movement model alveolar bone remodeling, wherein it promoted remodeling by reducing Bambi and Smad6 protein synthesis through the BMP2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Hui Mai
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin-Hua Huang
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Stomatology, Kiang Wu Hospital, Macao, China
| | - Zhu-Li Peng
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan-Jun Pan
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Wen Sun
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hong Ai
- Department of Stomatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Zheng W, Lu X, Chen G, Shen Y, Huang X, Peng J, Wang J, Yin Y, Song W, Xie M, Yu S, Chen L. The osteoclastic activity in apical distal region of molar mesial roots affects orthodontic tooth movement and root resorption in rats. Int J Oral Sci 2024; 16:19. [PMID: 38418457 PMCID: PMC10901898 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-024-00284-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The utilization of optimal orthodontic force is crucial to prevent undesirable side effects and ensure efficient tooth movement during orthodontic treatment. However, the sensitivity of existing detection techniques is not sufficient, and the criteria for evaluating optimal force have not been yet established. Here, by employing 3D finite element analysis methodology, we found that the apical distal region (A-D region) of mesial roots is particularly sensitive to orthodontic force in rats. Tartrate-resistant acidic phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclasts began accumulating in the A-D region under the force of 40 grams (g), leading to alveolar bone resorption and tooth movement. When the force reached 80 g, TRAP-positive osteoclasts started appearing on the root surface in the A-D region. Additionally, micro-computed tomography revealed a significant root resorption at 80 g. Notably, the A-D region was identified as a major contributor to whole root resorption. It was determined that 40 g is the minimum effective force for tooth movement with minimal side effects according to the analysis of tooth movement, inclination, and hyalinization. These findings suggest that the A-D region with its changes on the root surface is an important consideration and sensitive indicator when evaluating orthodontic forces for a rat model. Collectively, our investigations into this region would aid in offering valuable implications for preventing and minimizing root resorption during patients' orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Zheng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangjin Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, China
| | - Xiaofei Huang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinfeng Peng
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Wencheng Song
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengru Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaoling Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China.
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan, China.
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Mordente CM, Oliveira DD, Palomo JM, Cardoso PA, Assis MAL, Zenóbio EG, Souki BQ, Soares RV. The effect of micro-osteoperforations on the rate of maxillary incisors' retraction in orthodontic space closure: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Prog Orthod 2024; 25:6. [PMID: 38342823 PMCID: PMC10859353 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-023-00505-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This single-centered randomized controlled clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of micro-osteoperforations (MOPs) in accelerating the orthodontic retraction of maxillary incisors. METHODS Forty-two patients aged 16-40 were recruited and randomly assigned into two groups, one which underwent MOPs (MOPG) in the buccal and palatal region of all maxillary incisors immediately before the start of retraction and one which did not (CG). Eligibility criteria included the orthodontic need for maxillary first premolars extraction and space closure in two phases. The primary outcome of the study consisted of measuring the rate of space closure and, consequently, the rate of incisors' retraction using digital model superimposition 14 days later and monthly thereafter for the next 4 months. The secondary outcomes included measuring anchorage loss, central incisors' inclination, and root length shortening, analyzed using cone beam computed tomography scans acquired before retraction and 4 months after retraction. Randomization was performed using QuickCalcs software. While clinical blinding was not possible, the image's examinator was blinded. RESULTS Twenty-one patients were randomly assigned to each group. However, due to various reasons, a total of 37 patients (17 male and 20 female) were analyzed (mean age: 24.3 ± 8.1 years in the MOPG; 22.2 ± 4.2 years in the CG) during the trial. No statistically significant difference was found between the MOPG and the CG regarding the incisors' retraction measured at different time points at the incisal border (14 days, 0.4 mm vs. 0.5 mm; 1 month, 0.79 mm vs. 0.77 mm; 2 months, 1.47 mm vs. 1.41 mm; 3 months, 2.09 mm vs. 1.88 mm; 4 months, 2.62 mm vs. 2.29 mm) and at the cervical level (14 days, 0.28 mm vs. 0.30 mm; 1 month, 0.41 mm vs. 0.32 mm; 2 months, 0.89 mm vs. 0.61 mm; 3 months, 1.36 mm vs. 1.10 mm; 4 months, 1.73 mm vs. 1.39 mm). Similarly, no statistically significant differences were detected in the space closure, anchorage loss, central incisors' inclination, and radicular length between groups. No adverse effect was observed during the trial. CONCLUSIONS MOPs did not accelerate the retraction of the maxillary incisors, nor were they associated with greater incisor inclination or root resorption. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03089996. Registered 24 March 2017- https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03089996 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Morsani Mordente
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Dauro Douglas Oliveira
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Juan Martin Palomo
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Polyana Araújo Cardoso
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marina Araújo Leite Assis
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Elton Gonçalves Zenóbio
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Quiroga Souki
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Villamarim Soares
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais, Avenida Dom José Gaspar, 500, Prédio 46, Sala 101, Belo Horizonte, MG, 30535-901, Brazil.
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Simonek M, Türp JC, Bornstein MM, Dagassan-Berndt D. Prevalence and correlation with sex, age, and dental status of bone apposition at the mandibular angle and radiographic alterations of the temporomandibular joints: a retrospective observational study in an adult Swiss population. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:193. [PMID: 38321445 PMCID: PMC10845652 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03855-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of radiographic changes in the mandibular angle (bone apposition) and osseous alterations in the temporomandibular joints (TMJs) in the adult population of Switzerland. In addition, the study intended to investigate possible correlations between the two sites of contour bone changes (mandibular angle and TMJ) and to analyze various patient-related factors, including sex, age, dental status, and medical history. METHODS Panoramic radiographs of 600 patients distributed into six age groups (283 females, 317 males, aged 20 to 79 years) were included to evaluate radiographic changes. The bone in the mandibular angle region and the shape of the condylar heads were examined for contour changes (bone apposition at the jaw angles and osseous changes of the TMJs). General estimating equations, binormal tests, and chi-squared tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Approximately half of the mandibular angles (47.8%) showed bone apposition, mostly bilateral. TMJ alterations were less common (27%), often unilateral, with flattening being the most frequent finding. No significant correlation was found between the two sites. Bone apposition at the mandibular angle showed a significant male predominance, whereas TMJ changes did not differ by sex. Alterations in both sites increased with age, and were not related to dental status or analgesic use. CONCLUSIONS Bone apposition at the mandibular angle should be interpreted as part of the natural functional adaptation of the bone associated with aging. Assuming that parafunctional habits may influence the development and progression of alterations in the mandibular angle or TMJs, the presence of radiographic changes in these areas should prompt dental clinicians to investigate further in this direction. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was approved by the Swiss Association of Research Ethics Committees (swissethics), BASEC reference number: 2020-00963 (25.05.2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Simonek
- Department of Oral Surgery, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel (UZB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Jens Christoph Türp
- Division of Temporomandibular Disorders and Orofacial Pain, Department of Oral Health & Medicine, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel (UZB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael M Bornstein
- Department of Oral Health & Medicine, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel (UZB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dorothea Dagassan-Berndt
- Center for Dental Imaging, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel (UZB), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Pascoal S, Oliveira S, Monteiro F, Padrão J, Costa R, Zille A, Catarino SO, Silva FS, Pinho T, Carvalho Ó. Influence of Ultrasound Stimulation on the Viability, Proliferation and Protein Expression of Osteoblasts and Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts. Biomedicines 2024; 12:361. [PMID: 38397963 PMCID: PMC10886604 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Among the adjunctive procedures to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), ultrasound (US) is a nonsurgical form of mechanical stimulus that has been explored as an alternative to the currently available treatments. This study aimed to clarify the role of US in OTM by exploring different stimulation parameters and their effects on the biological responses of cells involved in OTM. Human fetal osteoblasts and periodontal ligament fibroblasts cell lines were stimulated with US at 1.0 and 1.5 MHz central frequencies and power densities of 30 and 60 mW/cm2 in continuous mode for 5 and 10 min. Cellular proliferation, metabolic activity and protein expression were analyzed. The US parameters that significantly improved the metabolic activity were 1.0 MHz at 30 mW/cm2 for 5 min and 1.0 MHz at 60 mW/cm2 for 5 and 10 min for osteoblasts; and 1.0 MHz at 30 mW/cm2 for 5 min and 1.5 MHz at 60 mW/cm2 for 5 and 10 min for fibroblasts. By stimulating with these parameters, the expression of alkaline phosphatase was maintained, while osteoprotegerin synthesis was induced after three days of US stimulation. The US stimulation improved the biological activity of both osteoblasts and periodontal ligament fibroblasts, inducing their osteogenic differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Pascoal
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (S.P.)
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal (S.O.C.); (Ó.C.)
| | - Sofia Oliveira
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal (S.O.C.); (Ó.C.)
| | - Francisca Monteiro
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal (S.O.C.); (Ó.C.)
- ICVS/3B’s—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Jorge Padrão
- Center for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Department of Textile Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.P.); (A.Z.)
| | - Rita Costa
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (S.P.)
| | - Andrea Zille
- Center for Textile Science and Technology (2C2T), Department of Textile Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; (J.P.); (A.Z.)
| | - Susana O. Catarino
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal (S.O.C.); (Ó.C.)
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Filipe S. Silva
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal (S.O.C.); (Ó.C.)
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - Teresa Pinho
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal; (S.P.)
- IBMC—Instituto Biologia Molecular e Celular, i3S—Inst. Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Óscar Carvalho
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS), University of Minho, Campus Azurém, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal (S.O.C.); (Ó.C.)
- LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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Furlan CC, Freire AR, Ferreira-Pileggi BC, Prado FB, Rossi AC. Fenestration and Dehiscence in Human Maxillary Alveolar Bone: An In Silico Study Using the Finite Element Method. Cureus 2023; 15:e50772. [PMID: 38239557 PMCID: PMC10795457 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fenestration and dehiscence are alveolar bone defects. Although not considered a pathology, these alveolar bone defects end up influencing dental treatment, such as surgeries, mainly periodontal, and therefore must be considered during treatment planning. However, currently, little is known about the biomechanical origin of these bone formations. The aim of the study was to use the finite element method (FEM) to test hypotheses of predictive factors for fenestrations and dehiscence in human alveolar bone. METHODS A FEM simulation of the action of functional, parafunctional, and orthodontic occlusal loads on the upper central incisor and upper canine was performed. For the simulation, a three-dimensional model of an adult human skull, fully dented and with intact bone structure, was constructed from computed tomography images. The buccal alveolar bone lamina was evaluated considering the calculation of equivalent stresses, as well as maximum principal stresses. RESULTS The action of functional and parafunctional forces on the incisal edges and the orthodontic force on the buccal face of the upper central incisor and upper canine teeth generated tensions at different levels of magnitude in the buccal bone lamina, varying in regions, at all levels of strength. Changing levels of force magnitude resulted in variations in relation to the level of deformation. CONCLUSION The computational simulation using the FEM was able to identify a difference in stress in the alveolar bone tissue in each of the applied forces. The difference in stresses obtained may suggest the formation of dehiscence or fenestration in the region studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila C Furlan
- Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, BRA
| | - Alexandre R Freire
- Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, BRA
| | | | - Felippe B Prado
- Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, BRA
| | - Ana Cláudia Rossi
- Biosciences, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, BRA
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Hautier L, Gomes Rodrigues H, Ferreira-Cardoso S, Emerling CA, Porcher ML, Asher RJ, Portela Miguez R, Delsuc F. From teeth to pad: tooth loss and development of keratinous structures in sirenians. Proc Biol Sci 2023; 290:20231932. [PMID: 38018114 PMCID: PMC10685118 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sirenians are a well-known example of morphological adaptation to a shallow-water grazing diet characterized by a modified feeding apparatus and orofacial morphology. Such adaptations were accompanied by an anterior tooth reduction associated with the development of keratinized pads, the evolution of which remains elusive. Among sirenians, the recently extinct Steller's sea cow represents a special case for being completely toothless. Here, we used μ-CT scans of sirenian crania to understand how motor-sensor systems associated with tooth innervation responded to innovations such as keratinized pads and continuous dental replacement. In addition, we surveyed nine genes associated with dental reduction for signatures of loss of function. Our results reveal how patterns of innervation changed with modifications of the dental formula, especially continuous replacement in manatees. Both our morphological and genomic data show that dental development was not completely lost in the edentulous Steller's sea cows. By tracing the phylogenetic history of tooth innervation, we illustrate the role of development in promoting the innervation of keratinized pads, similar to the secondary use of dental canals for innervating neomorphic keratinized structures in other tetrapod groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lionel Hautier
- Institut des Sciences de l’Évolution, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier 34095, France
- Mammal Section, Life Sciences, Vertebrate Division, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Helder Gomes Rodrigues
- Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie—Paris (CR2P), UMR CNRS 7207, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Sérgio Ferreira-Cardoso
- Institut des Sciences de l’Évolution, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier 34095, France
| | | | - Marie-Lou Porcher
- Institut des Sciences de l’Évolution, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier 34095, France
| | - Robert J. Asher
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Roberto Portela Miguez
- Mammal Section, Life Sciences, Vertebrate Division, The Natural History Museum, London, UK
| | - Frédéric Delsuc
- Institut des Sciences de l’Évolution, Université Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Montpellier 34095, France
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Singh S, Jain AK, Prasad RR, Sahu A, Priya P, Kumari P. Effect of Mini-implant assisted Micro-osteoperforation on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement-A randomized clinical trial. J Orthod Sci 2023; 12:62. [PMID: 38234639 PMCID: PMC10793843 DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_18_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of micro-osteoperforation (MOP) over a 56-day period and to determine the influence of number of perforations on the rate of canine retraction. In addition, the amount of pain and discomfort caused by the MOP was evaluated. TRIAL DESIGN A single-center, split-mouth, triple-blind, randomized, controlled trial. METHODS 22 patients (18-30 years) who need fixed orthodontic treatment were recruited and randomly assigned to MOP1 and MOP2 groups. The recruited patients were divided into two groups with 1:1 allocation ratio. Randomization for the determination of experimental side and number of perforations was done using sealed envelopes. On each patient, the other side of mouth worked as control side with no MOPs. 4 months after first premolar extraction, patients in MOP1 received 3MOPs on the buccal surface of alveolar bone, whereas patients in MOP2 received three buccal and three palatal MOPs in the experimental side. The amount of canine retraction was measured every 28 days at two intervals on both sides of mouth. Pain perception was measured after 1 hr, 24 hr, 72 hr, 7 days, and 28 days of procedure. RESULTS Result of the intra-examiner reliability using ICC is more than 0.97 (P < 0.001), indicating excellent repeatability and reliability of the measurements. The baseline characteristics between groups were similar (P > 0.05). A statistically significant difference in the rate of canine retraction on the MOP side was observed at the end of 56 days, amounting to two folds more than that of the control side. No significant difference was seen between MOP1 and MOP2 groups (P > 0.05). Mild-to-moderate pain was experienced only in first 72 hours of procedure. CONCLUSION The study recommends that MOP procedure has substantial potential to be used as an adjunct to the routine mechanotherapy for accelerating tooth movement, as it may reduce treatment time by half in the first four weeks after the MOP procedure. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trial registry of India (CTRI/2022/12/048181).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shresthaa Singh
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hazaribag, Jharkhand
| | - Abhay K. Jain
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Dental College, RIMS, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Raghu R. Prasad
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hazaribag, Jharkhand
| | - Anshu Sahu
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hazaribag, Jharkhand
| | - Parul Priya
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hazaribag, Jharkhand
| | - Priyanka Kumari
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Hazaribag College of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Hazaribag, Jharkhand
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Maltha JC, Kuijpers-Jagtman AM. Mechanobiology of orthodontic tooth movement: An update. J World Fed Orthod 2023; 12:156-160. [PMID: 37349154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2023.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the changes at the cellular and tissue level occurring during orthodontic force application. For the understanding of this process, knowledge of the mechanobiology of the periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone are essential. The periodontal ligament and alveolar bone make up a functional unit that undergoes robust changes during orthodontic tooth movement. Complex molecular signaling is responsible for converting mechanical stresses into biochemical events with a net result of bone apposition and/or bone resorption. Despite an improved understanding of mechanical and biochemical signaling mechanisms, it is largely unknown how mechanical stresses regulate the differentiation of stem/progenitor cells into osteoblast and osteoclast lineages. To advance orthodontics, it is crucial to gain a better understanding of osteoblast differentiation from mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells and osteoclastogenesis from the hematopoietic/monocyte lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaap C Maltha
- Department of Dentistry - Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, School of Dental Medicine/Medical Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Campus Salemba, Jakarta, Indonesia.
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10
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Zhang Z, Cui S, Fu Y, Wang J, Liu J, Wei F. Mechanical force induces mitophagy-mediated anaerobic oxidation in periodontal ligament stem cells. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:57. [PMID: 37480044 PMCID: PMC10362665 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00453-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The preference for glucose oxidative mode has crucial impacts on various physiological activities, including determining stem cell fate. External mechanical factors can play a decisive role in regulating critical metabolic enzymes and pathways of stem cells. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are momentous effector cells that transform mechanical force into biological signals during the reconstruction of alveolar bone. However, mechanical stimuli-induced alteration of oxidative characteristics in PDLSCs and the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. METHODS Herein, we examined the expression of LDH and COX4 by qRT-PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. We detected metabolites of lactic acid and reactive oxygen species for functional tests. We used tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM) staining and a transmission electron microscope to clarify the mitochondrial status. After using western blot and immunofluorescence to clarify the change of DRP1, we further examined MFF, PINK1, and PARKIN by western blot. We used cyclosporin A (CsA) to confirm the regulation of mitophagy and ceased the stretching as a rescue experiment. RESULTS Herein, we ascertained that mechanical force could increase the level of LDH and decrease the expression of COX4 in PDLSCs. Simultaneously, the yield of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in PDLSC reduced after stretching, while lactate acid augmented significantly. Furthermore, mitochondrial function in PDLSCs was negatively affected by impaired mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) under mechanical force, and the augment of mitochondrial fission further induced PRKN-dependent mitophagy, which was confirmed by the rescue experiments via blocking mitophagy. As a reversible physiological stimulation, the anaerobic preference of PDLSCs altered by mechanical force could restore after the cessation of force stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our study demonstrates that PDLSCs under mechanical force preferred anaerobic oxidation induced by the affected mitochondrial dynamics, especially mitophagy. Our findings support an association between mechanical stimulation and the oxidative profile of stem cells, which may shed light on the mechanical guidance of stem cell maintenance and commitment, and lay a molecular foundation for periodontal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijie Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University Cheeloo College of Medicine, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Shuyue Cui
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University Cheeloo College of Medicine, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yajing Fu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University Cheeloo College of Medicine, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jixiao Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University Cheeloo College of Medicine, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Jiani Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University Cheeloo College of Medicine, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Fulan Wei
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shandong University Cheeloo College of Medicine, No.44-1 Wenhua Road West, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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11
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Parashos P. Endodontic-orthodontic interactions: a review and treatment recommendations. Aust Dent J 2023; 68 Suppl 1:S66-S81. [PMID: 37961018 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The literature is replete with articles describing the many and varied interactions between endodontic treatment and orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), often reporting conflicting views and findings, which creates confusion for clinicians. Original research and review articles have described aspects such as apical root resorption and potential pulpal complications of teeth related to OTM. Some interactions are of relatively minor clinical significance, whilst others may have adverse consequences. A history of dental trauma before or during OTM further complicates the interactions. This review re-assesses the historical literature on endodontic-orthodontic interactions in light of more recent research and presents guidelines for managing clinical situations involving both disciplines. © 2023 Australian Dental Association.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Parashos
- Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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12
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Gopalakrishnan U, Madasamy R, Mathew R, Alsulaimani FF, Sayed M, Mugri M, Baeshen HA, Bhandi S, Testarelli L, Mahendra L, Muruganandhan J, Raj AT, Patil S. A split-mouth randomized controlled trial to compare the rate of canine retraction after a soft tissue procedure compared against a corticotomy procedure for accelerated tooth movement. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:666-673. [PMID: 37470637 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_209_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aim Various methods to accelerate the orthodontic tooth movement have been used, among which corticotomy is considered to be the most common one. The suggested reasoning for such acceleration was the regional acceleratory phenomenon (RAP). Since the RAP is a property of both the hard and soft tissues, we designed a soft tissue flap procedure to compare the effects with the conventional corticotomy procedure. A split-mouth study was conducted where the two procedures were assessed in a single participant. Patients and Methods The total sample size was calculated to be 40 with 20 participants in each group. The rate of tooth movement was the primary outcome measure, and the secondary outcomes were dentoalveolar changes, which were studied in both the conventional corticotomy and the flap-only procedure based on a cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) wherein the alveolar bone density (BD) around canines, tipping, and rotational changes in canines, premolars, and molars were assessed. Results Corticotomy resulted in greater canine angulation, lesser canine rotation and premolar rotation, and greater molar rotation compared with flap elevation, but these differences were statistically insignificant. Conclusion Though the corticotomy resulted in higher BD, the differences were statistically insignificant. There was no significant difference in the rate of space closure assessed by the two techniques compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Orthodontics, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - R Madasamy
- Department of Orthodontics, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - R Mathew
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, College of Dental Medicine, Midwestern University, Illinois, USA
| | - F F Alsulaimani
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Sayed
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Mugri
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - H A Baeshen
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Bhandi
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UTAH, USA
| | - L Testarelli
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Sciences, Sapienza University, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - L Mahendra
- Department of Orthodontics, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - J Muruganandhan
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A T Raj
- Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Sri Venkateswara Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Patil
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, USA
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13
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Ahmad W, Jiang F, Xiong J, Xia Z. The mechanical effect of geometric design of attachments in invisible orthodontics. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2023:S0889-5406(23)00075-6. [PMID: 36990956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2022.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In invisible orthodontics, attachments are used with aligners to better control tooth movement. However, to what extent the geometry of the attachment can affect the biomechanical properties of the aligner is unknown. This study aimed to determine the biomechanical effect of attachment geometry on orthodontic force and moment using 3-dimensional finite element analysis. METHODS A 3-dimensional model of mandibular teeth, periodontal ligaments, and the bone complex was employed. Rectangular attachments with systematic size variations were applied to the model with corresponding aligners. Fifteen pairs were created to move the lateral incisor, canine, first premolar, and second molar mesially for 0.15 mm, respectively. The resulting orthodontic forces and moments were analyzed to compare the effect of attachment size. RESULTS Expansion in the attachment size showed a continuous increase in force and moment. Considering the attachment size, the moment increased more than the force, resulting in a slightly higher moment-to-force ratio. Expanding the length, width, or thickness of the rectangular attachment by 0.50 mm increases the force and moment up to 23 cN and 244 cN-mm, respectively. The force direction was closer to the desired movement direction with larger attachment sizes. CONCLUSIONS Based on the experimental results, the constructed model successfully simulates the effect of the size of attachments. The larger the size of the attachment, the greater the force and moment, and the better the force direction. The appropriate force and moment for a particular clinical patient can be obtained by choosing the right attachment size.
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14
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Yan L, Liao L, Su X. Role of mechano-sensitive non-coding RNAs in bone remodeling of orthodontic tooth movement: recent advances. Prog Orthod 2022; 23:55. [PMID: 36581789 PMCID: PMC9800683 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-022-00450-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement relies on bone remodeling and periodontal tissue regeneration in response to the complicated mechanical cues on the compressive and tensive side. In general, mechanical stimulus regulates the expression of mechano-sensitive coding and non-coding genes, which in turn affects how cells are involved in bone remodeling. Growing numbers of non-coding RNAs, particularly mechano-sensitive non-coding RNA, have been verified to be essential for the regulation of osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis and have revealed how they interact with signaling molecules to do so. This review summarizes recent findings of non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, as crucial regulators of gene expression responding to mechanical stimulation, and outlines their roles in bone deposition and resorption. We focused on multiple mechano-sensitive miRNAs such as miR-21, - 29, -34, -103, -494-3p, -1246, -138-5p, -503-5p, and -3198 that play a critical role in osteogenesis function and bone resorption. The emerging roles of force-dependent regulation of lncRNAs in bone remodeling are also discussed extensively. We summarized mechano-sensitive lncRNA XIST, H19, and MALAT1 along with other lncRNAs involved in osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. Ultimately, we look forward to the prospects of the novel application of non-coding RNAs as potential therapeutics for tooth movement and periodontal tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Yan
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine and National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Li Liao
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine and National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Xiaoxia Su
- grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Engineering Research Center of Oral Translational Medicine and National Engineering Laboratory for Oral Regenerative Medicine, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 China
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15
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Extracellular vesicles secreted by human periodontal ligament induced osteoclast differentiation by transporting miR-28 to osteoclast precursor cells and further promoted orthodontic tooth movement. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 113:109388. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Wu C, Liu X, Zhang H, Zhang Q, Ding S, Jin S, Zheng X, Fu C, Han Q, Shen J, Xu J, Ye N, Jiang F, Wu T. Response of human periodontal ligament to orthodontic force using superb microvascular imaging. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2022; 162:e257-e266. [PMID: 36089442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Remodeling of the periodontal ligament (PDL) during orthodontic tooth movement is closely related to the vascularity of the PDL, which has not been thoroughly investigated in humans. This study aimed to measure the width and vascular parameters of human PDL using superb microvascular imaging for the first time. METHODS Patients aged 18-25 years were selected for participation. The intervention was randomly allocated from the maxillary canines to the first molars on both sides using 50 g or 150 g of force. The width and vascular parameters of the PDL were measured using superb microvascular imaging at different time intervals (baseline, 30 minutes, and 1, 3, 7, and 14 days). RESULTS Before the intervention, the width of the PDL ranged from 0.14 to 0.25 mm, and the vascular index ranged from 9.40% to 13.54%. After applying orthodontic forces, the cervical and middle PDL widths increased. The vascular index decreased slightly in 30 minutes, decreased to a minimum value after 1 day, increased to the maximum in 3-7 days, and returned to baseline values in 14 days. The values of other vascular parameters showed similar trends. CONCLUSIONS The width and vascular parameters of the PDL changed slightly after force application, underwent changes in the period of reconstruction for 3-7 days, and eventually returned to baseline in 14 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Qunyan Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Siqi Ding
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shiyu Jin
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiuyun Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chunfeng Fu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Quancheng Han
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jianguang Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | | | - Fan Jiang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - Tingting Wu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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17
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Li Z, Wu Z, Xi X, Zhao F, Liu H, Liu D. Cellular communication network factor 1 interlinks autophagy and ERK signaling to promote osteogenesis of periodontal ligament stem cells. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:1169-1182. [PMID: 36199215 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of cellular communication network factor 1 (CCN1), a critical matricellular protein, on alveolar bone regeneration, and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. BACKGROUND In the process of orthodontic tooth movement, bone deposition on the tension side of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) ensured high efficiency and long-term stability of the treatment. The matricellular protein CCN1 is responsive to mechanical stimulation, exhibiting important tasks in bone homoeostasis. However, the role and mechanism of CCN1 on alveolar bone remodeling of hPDLSCs remains unclear. METHODS The expression and distribution of CCN1 in rat periodontal ligament were detected by immunofluorescence staining and immunohistochemical staining. ELISA verified the secretion of CCN1 triggered by stretch loading. To examine the mineralization ability of hPDLSCs induced by CCN1, Western blotting, qRT-PCR, ARS, and ALP staining were performed. CCK-8 and cell migration assay were performed to detect the cell proliferation rate and the wound healing. PI3K/Akt, MAPK, and autophagy activation were examined via Western blotting and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Mechanical stimuli induced the release of CCN1 into extracellular environment by hPDLSCs. Knockdown of CCN1 attenuated the osteogenesis of hPDLSCs while rhCCN1 enhanced the expression of Runx2, Col 1, ALPL, and promoted the mineralization nodule formation. CCN1 activated PI3K/Akt and ERK signaling, and blockage of PI3K/Akt signaling reversed the accelerated cell migration triggered by CCN1. The enhanced osteogenesis induced by CCN1 was abolished by ERK signaling inhibitor PD98059 or autophagy inhibitor 3-MA. Further investigation demonstrated PD98059 abrogated the activation of autophagy. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that CCN1 promotes osteogenesis in hPDLSCs via autophagy and MAPK/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Li
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Zuping Wu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xun Xi
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
| | - Dongxu Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, China
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18
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Autophagy Regulates Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells Induced by Orthodontic Tension. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:2983862. [PMID: 36248255 PMCID: PMC9553533 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2983862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth movement is the core of orthodontics. Osteogenesis of the tension side under orthodontic force has great significance on tooth movement and stability, which involves complex mechanical and biological signal transduction. However, the mechanism remains unclear. Through in vitro cell studies, we observed the increased expression levels of osteogenesis-related factors and autophagy-related factors during the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells induced by orthodontic force. The change trend of autophagy-related factors and osteogenesis-related factors is similar, which indicates the involvement of autophagy in osteogenesis. In the study of autophagy-related gene ATG7 silenced cells, the expression level of autophagy was significantly inhibited, and the expression level of osteogenesis-related factors also decreased accordingly. Through drug regulation, we observed that the increase of autophagy level could effectively promote osteogenic differentiation, while the decrease of the autophagy level inhibited this process to some extent. Therefore, autophagy plays an important role in the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells induced by orthodontic force, which provides a novel idea useful for orthodontic treatment in promoting periodontal tissue remodeling and accelerating tooth movement.
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19
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Şen S, Erber R. Neuronal Guidance Molecules in Bone Remodeling and Orthodontic Tooth Movement. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710077. [PMID: 36077474 PMCID: PMC9456342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During orthodontic tooth movement, mechanically induced remodeling occurs in the alveolar bone due to the action of orthodontic forces. The number of factors identified to be involved in mechanically induced bone remodeling is growing steadily. With the uncovering of the functions of neuronal guidance molecules (NGMs) for skeletal development as well as for bone homeostasis, NGMs are now also among the potentially significant factors for the regulation of bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement. This narrative review attempts to summarize the functions of NGMs in bone homeostasis and provides insight into the currently sparse literature on the functions of these molecules during orthodontic tooth movement. Presently, four families of NGMs are known: Netrins, Slits, Semaphorins, ephrins and Eph receptors. A search of electronic databases revealed roles in bone homeostasis for representatives from all four NGM families. Functions during orthodontic tooth movement, however, were only identified for Semaphorins, ephrins and Eph receptors. For these, crucial prerequisites for participation in the regulation of orthodontically induced bone remodeling, such as expression in cells of the periodontal ligament and in the alveolar bone, as well as mechanical inducibility, were shown, which suggests that the importance of NGMs in orthodontic tooth movement may be underappreciated to date and further research might be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Şen
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Christian Albrechts University, 24105 Kiel, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-431-5002-6301
| | - Ralf Erber
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Beindorff N, Papadopoulos N, Hoffmann S, Mohan AM, Lukas M, Brenner W, Jost-Brinkmann PG, Präger T. Monitoring orthodontic tooth movement in rats after piezocision by bone scintigraphy. Nuklearmedizin 2022; 61:402-409. [PMID: 35896432 DOI: 10.1055/a-1816-6825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM Piezocision, corticocision of mineralized tissue by ultrasound showed promising results in accelerating tooth movement induced by orthodontic appliances although the biologic effects of this procedure are not well-understood so far. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of piezocision on bone remodeling in rats by bone SPECT imaging. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ten male Wistar rats underwent surgical placement of orthodontic appliances on each side of the maxilla followed by piezocision on one side only. Each rat underwent 99mTc-MDP bone SPECT/CT imaging before surgery (T0), and 2 (T1) and 4 weeks (T2) after surgery. Bone uptake is expressed as median [IQR] min-max in percentage of the injected activity per ml computed from the 10 voxels with the highest uptake (%IAmax10/ml). RESULTS Pooled data regardless of the piezocision showed a significant increase in bone uptake from T0 (3.2 [2.8-3.9] 2.6-4.9) to T1 (4.4 [3.8-4.6] 3.4-4.8; p = 0.001). Thereafter, the uptake decreased to T2 (3.8 [3.1-4.4] 2.8-4.8; p = 0.116). No significant differences in bone uptake were found between the maxilla sides without and with piezocision: T1: without (4.3 [3.8-4.5] 3.4-4.8) vs. with (4.5 [3.7-4.6] 3.5-4.7; p=0.285), T2: without (4.0 [3.1-4.5] 2.8-4.8) vs. with (3.7 [3.0-4.4] 2.8-4.8; p=0.062). CONCLUSION 99mTc-MDP bone SPECT imaging in rats was able to reproduce changes in bone uptake in the maxilla after placement of orthodontic appliances inducing measurable tooth movement. An additional effect of piezocision on bone remodeling in terms of bone uptake was not detectable which is probably due to the pronounced and significant effects induced by the orthodontic appliances per se, which may mask the potential effects of additional piezocision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Beindorff
- Berlin Experimental Radionuclide Imaging Center (BERIC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Papadopoulos
- Charité Center for Oral Health Sciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hoffmann
- Charité Center for Oral Health Sciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ajay-Mohan Mohan
- Berlin Experimental Radionuclide Imaging Center (BERIC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Lukas
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Radiology, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Winfried Brenner
- Berlin Experimental Radionuclide Imaging Center (BERIC), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Präger
- Charité Center for Oral Health Sciences, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Yu H, Wu Z, Bao X, Tang X, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Hu M. A sustained-release Trametinib bio-multifunction hydrogel inhibits orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption. RSC Adv 2022; 12:16444-16453. [PMID: 35754868 PMCID: PMC9168831 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra00763k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a bone reconstruction process. In most cases, OTM could induce root resorption as a common side effect, called orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR). OIIRR affects tooth health and interferes with the stability of orthodontic treatment. Osteoclasts, which perform bone resorption in OTM, attack cementum, causing OIIRR. Many signaling pathways are involved in the maturation and differentiation of osteoclasts, among which the ERK1/2 is one of the important pathways. In this experiment, we added Trametinib (Tra), a specific inhibitor of ERK1/2, to catechol-modified chitosan (CHI-C) and oxidized dextran (ODex) to form a CCOD-Trametinib composite hydrogel (CCOD-Tra) to prevent OIIRR. CCOD-Tra exhibited good biocompatibility, injectability, strong adhesion, good hemostatic function and sustained release of Tra. We performed local injection of CCOD-Tra into the periodontal tissues of rats. CCOD-Tra firmly adhered to the periodontal tissues and then released Tra to establish a good biological environment and maintain a drug concentration at a high level around the roots for a long time. H&E, TRAP, immunochemistry staining and micro-CT indicated that CCOD-Tra had a good effect in terms of preventing OIIRR. Cell experiments showed that CCOD-Tra reduced the expression of TRAP, MMP-9 and C-FOS in osteoclast cells through the ERK1/2 signaling pathway to inhibit the differentiation and maturation of osteoclasts. Based on the above results, we concluded that CCOD-Tra had the ability to prevent OIIRR, the high adhesion and injectability of CCOD may provide better therapeutic ideas for clinical prevention of OIIRR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University No. 1500 Qinghua Road, ChaoYang District Changchun Jilin P. R. China +86 431 88975348 +86 431 85579371 +86 13504484365
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling (School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University) P. R. China
| | - Zhina Wu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University No. 1500 Qinghua Road, ChaoYang District Changchun Jilin P. R. China +86 431 88975348 +86 431 85579371 +86 13504484365
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling (School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University) P. R. China
| | - Xingfu Bao
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University No. 1500 Qinghua Road, ChaoYang District Changchun Jilin P. R. China +86 431 88975348 +86 431 85579371 +86 13504484365
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling (School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University) P. R. China
| | - Xiaoduo Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China
| | - Junhu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
- Joint Laboratory of Opto-Functional Theranostics in Medicine and Chemistry, The First Hospital of Jilin University Changchun 130021 P. R. China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University No. 1500 Qinghua Road, ChaoYang District Changchun Jilin P. R. China +86 431 88975348 +86 431 85579371 +86 13504484365
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling (School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University) P. R. China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University No. 1500 Qinghua Road, ChaoYang District Changchun Jilin P. R. China +86 431 88975348 +86 431 85579371 +86 13504484365
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling (School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University) P. R. China
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Yoshikazu Manabe, Shiga M, Kometani-Gunjigake K, Nakao-Kuroishi K, Mizuhara M, Toyono T, Seta Y, Kawamoto T. Fibrillin-1 regulates periostin expression during maintenance of periodontal homeostasis. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:1714-1721. [PMID: 36299324 PMCID: PMC9588790 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Human periodontal ligament consists of elastic system fibers, mainly fibrillin-1 (FBN1). Periostin (POSTN) maintains periodontal homeostasis. A previous study showed that the expression of Postn in periodontal ligament cells was decreased in mice underexpressing Fbn1. However, the relationship between FBN1 and POSTN is not fully understood in the context of mechanical stress. FBN1 contributes to transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) activation; TGF-β1 upregulates the expression of POSTN in human periodontal ligament cells. This study examined whether FBN1 contributed to the maintenance of periodontal homeostasis in cultured human periodontal ligament cells. Materials and methods Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPDLFs) were exposed to mechanical force via centrifugation. The expression of POSTN was examined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. The phosphorylation of Smad2 in the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway was monitored by western blotting. Results The expression levels of FBN1 and POSTN were not significantly decreased by centrifugation. However, the expression of POSTN after centrifugation significantly decreased upon knockdown of FBN1. The phosphorylation of Smad2 after centrifugation was decreased, regardless of FBN1 knockdown. Supplementation with 0.1 ng/ml recombinant human TGF-β1 rescued POSTN expression after centrifugation in HPDLFs upon knockdown of FBN1. Conclusion FBN1 regulates the expression of POSTN to maintain periodontal homeostasis via TGF-β/Smad signaling during centrifugation.
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Inoue M, Nagai-Yoshioka Y, Yamasaki R, Kawamoto T, Nishihara T, Ariyoshi W. Mechanisms involved in suppression of osteoclast supportive activity by transforming growth factor-β1 via the ubiquitin-proteasome system. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262612. [PMID: 35196318 PMCID: PMC8865688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic treatment requires the regulation of bone remodeling in both compression and tension sides. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is an important coupling factor for bone remodeling. However, the mechanism underlying the TGF-β1-mediated regulation of the osteoclast-supporting activity of osteoblasts and stromal cells remain unclear. The current study investigated the effect of TGF-β1 on receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) expression in stromal cells induced by 1α,25(OH)2D3 (D3) and dexamethasone (Dex). TGF-β1 downregulated the expression of RANKL induced by D3 and Dex in mouse bone marrow stromal lineage, ST2 cells. Co-culture system revealed that TGF-β1 suppressed osteoclast differentiation from bone marrow cell induced by D3 and Dex-activated ST2 cells. The inhibitory effect of TGF-β1 on RANKL expression was recovered by inhibiting the interaction between TGF-β1 and the TGF-β type I/activin receptor or by downregulating of smad2/3 expression. Interestingly, TGF-β1 degraded the retinoid X receptor (RXR)-α protein which forms a complex with vitamin D receptor (VDR) and regulates transcriptional activity of RANKL without affecting nuclear translocation of VDR and phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription3 (STAT3). The degradation of RXR-α protein by TGF-β1 was recovered by a ubiquitin-proteasome inhibitor. We also observed that poly-ubiquitination of RXR-α protein was induced by TGF-β1 treatment. These results indicated that TGF-β1 downregulates RANKL expression and the osteoclast-supporting activity of osteoblasts/stromal cells induced by D3 and Dex through the degradation of the RXR-α protein mediated by ubiquitin-proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Momoko Inoue
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshie Nagai-Yoshioka
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryota Yamasaki
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Kawamoto
- Division of Orofacial Functions and Orthodontics, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Nishihara
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Wataru Ariyoshi
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Mechanical force-sensitive lncRNA SNHG8 inhibits osteogenic differentiation by regulating EZH2 in hPDLSCs. Cell Signal 2022; 93:110285. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Orthodontics Surgical Assistance (Piezosurgery®): Experimental Evidence According to Clinical Results. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12031048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is based on intermitted or continuous forces applied to teeth, changing the mechanical loading of the system and arousing a cellular response that leads to bone adaptation. The traditional orthodontic movement causes a remodeling of the alveolar bone and changes in the periodontal structures that lead to tooth movement. The use of a piezoelectric instrument in orthodontic surgery has already shown great advantages. The purpose of this study is to rank the behavior of inflammatory mediators in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement. Ten patients with malocclusion underwent orthodontic surgical treatment, which included a first stage of surgically guided orthodontic movement (monocortical tooth dislocation and ligament distraction, MTDLD) to accelerate orthodontic movements. In all cases, corticotomy was performed by Piezosurgery. Bone and dental biopsy was executed to evaluate changes in the cytokines IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and IL-2 in different time intervals (1, 2, 7, 14 and 28 days). The molecular mediators are IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha and IL-2. Immediately after the surgical procedure there was a mild expression of the three molecular markers, while the assertion of IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha reached the maximum value after 24 h and 48 h, indicating a strong activation of the treated tissues. The Piezosurgery® surgical technique induces an evident stress in short times, within 24–48 h from the treatment, but it decreases significantly during the follow-up.
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26
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OUP accepted manuscript. Eur J Orthod 2022; 44:669-678. [DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Association between Orthodontic Force and Dental Pulp Changes: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes. J Endod 2021; 48:298-311. [PMID: 34890594 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Orthodontic force triggers a sequence of biological responses that can affect dental pulp. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the clinical and radiographic findings of orthodontic force application on dental pulp. METHODS Two reviewers comprehensively and systematically searched 6 electronic databases (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences [LILACS], Embase, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) and the gray literature (Google Scholar, OpenGrey, and ProQuest) until April 2021. According to the PICOS criteria, randomized clinical trials and observational studies that evaluated clinical or radiographic findings compatible with dental pulp changes due to orthodontic force were included. Studies in open apex or traumatized teeth, case series or reports, and laboratory-based or animal studies were excluded. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool were used to determine the risk of bias assessment. The overall certainty level was evaluated with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations tool. RESULTS Twenty-six studies were included. Among the clinical findings, orthodontic force promoted an increased pulp sensibility response and decreased pulp blood flow. Changes in pulp cavity volume and increased incidence of pulp stones were the radiographic findings observed. The studies presented a moderate risk of bias for most of the domains. The certainty of the evidence was considered very low. CONCLUSIONS Orthodontic force promoted changes in the dental pulp, generating clinical and radiographic findings. It is crucial to know these changes so that orthodontic mechanics can be safely performed. The clinician has effective noninvasive methods to assess the health and possible pulp changes during orthodontic treatment.
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Knaup I, Symmank J, Bastian A, Neuss S, Pufe T, Jacobs C, Wolf M. Impact of FGF1 on human periodontal ligament fibroblast growth, osteogenic differentiation and inflammatory reaction in vitro. J Orofac Orthop 2021; 83:42-55. [PMID: 34874457 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-021-00363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate in vitro the impact of fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) in comparison to ascorbic acid (AscA) on human periodontal ligament fibroblast (HPdLF) growth, their osteogenic differentiation, and modulation of their inflammatory reaction to mechanical stress. METHODS The influence of different concentrations of FGF1 (12.5-200 ng/mL) on growth and proliferation of HPdLF cells was analyzed over 20 days by counting cell numbers and the percentage of Ki67-positive cells. Quantitative expression analysis of genes encoding the osteogenic markers alkaline phosphatase (ALPL), Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), osteocalcin (OCN), and osteopontin (OSP), as well as the fibroblast markers vimentin (VIM) and fibroblast-specific protein 1 (FSP1), was performed after 2 and 20 days of cultivation. Metabolic activity was determined by MTT assay. For comparison with AscA, 50 ng/mL FGF1 was used for stimulation for 2 and 20 days. Cell number, percentage of Ki67-positive cells, and expression of osteoblast- and fibroblast-specific genes were examined. Alkaline phosphatase activity was visualized by NBT/BCIP and calcium deposits were stained with alizarin red. Cytokine (IL‑6, IL‑8, COX2/PGE2) expression and secretion were analyzed by qPCR and ELISA in 6 h mechanically compressed HPdLF cultured for 2 days with FGF1 or ascorbic acid. RESULTS Higher concentrations of FGF1 promoted cell proliferation upon short-term stimulation, whereas prolonged treatment induced the expression of osteogenic markers even with low concentrations. AscA promotes cell growth more markedly than FGF1 in short-term cultures, whereas FGF1 induced osteogenic cell fate more strongly in long-term culture. Both factors induced an increased inflammatory response of HPdLF to mechanical compression. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that FGF1 promotes an osteogenic phenotype of HPdLF and limits inflammatory response to mechanical forces compared to AscA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Knaup
- Department of Orthodontics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Judit Symmank
- Department of Orthodontics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Asisa Bastian
- Department of Orthodontics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabine Neuss
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, BioInterface Group, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pufe
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Collin Jacobs
- Department of Orthodontics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Wolf
- Department of Orthodontics, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Dot G, Licha R, Goussard F, Sansalone V. A new protocol to accurately track long-term orthodontic tooth movement and support patient-specific numerical modeling. J Biomech 2021; 129:110760. [PMID: 34628204 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Numerical simulation of long-term orthodontic tooth movement based on Finite Element Analysis (FEA) could help clinicians to plan more efficient and mechanically sound treatments. However, most of FEA studies assume idealized loading conditions and lack experimental calibration or validation. The goal of this paper is to propose a novel clinical protocol to accurately track orthodontic tooth displacement in three-dimensions (3D) and provide 3D models that may support FEA. Our protocol uses an initial cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan and several intra-oral scans (IOS) to generate 3D models of the maxillary bone and teeth ready for use in FEA. The protocol was applied to monitor the canine retraction of a patient during seven months. A second CBCT scan was performed at the end of the study for validation purposes. In order to ease FEA, a frictionless and statically determinate lingual device for maxillary canine retraction was designed. Numerical simulations were set up using the 3D models provided by our protocol to show the relevance of our proposal. Comparison of numerical and clinical results highlights the suitability of this protocol to support patient-specific FEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauthier Dot
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, MSME, F-94010, Creteil, France; Univ Gustave Eiffel, MSME, F-77474, Marne-la-Vallée, France; Service d'Odontologie, Hopital Pitie-Salpetriere, AP-HP, Universite de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Raphael Licha
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, MSME, F-94010, Creteil, France; Univ Gustave Eiffel, MSME, F-77474, Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Florent Goussard
- CR2P, UMR 7207, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 8 rue Buffon, CP38 75005, Paris, France
| | - Vittorio Sansalone
- Univ Paris Est Creteil, CNRS, MSME, F-94010, Creteil, France; Univ Gustave Eiffel, MSME, F-77474, Marne-la-Vallée, France.
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lncRNA HHIP-AS1 Promotes the Osteogenic Differentiation Potential and Inhibits the Migration Ability of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5595580. [PMID: 34721591 PMCID: PMC8554619 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5595580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar bone remodeling under orthodontic force is achieved by periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs), which are sensitive to mechanical loading. How to regulate functions of PDLSCs is a key issue in bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement. This study is aimed at investigating the roles of lncRNA Hedgehog-interacting protein antisense RNA 1 (HHIP-AS1) in the functional regulation of PDLSCs. First, HHIP-AS1 expression was downregulated in PDLSCs under continuous compressive pressure. Then, we found that the alkaline phosphatase activity, in vitro mineralization, and expression levels of bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, and osterix were increased in PDLSCs by HHIP-AS1. The results of scratch migration and transwell chemotaxis assays revealed that HHIP-AS1 inhibited the migration and chemotaxis abilities of PDLSCs. In addition, the RNA sequencing data showed that 356 mRNAs and 14 lncRNAs were upregulated, including receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor 2 and nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1, while 185 mRNAs and 6 lncRNAs were downregulated, including fibroblast growth factor 5 and LINC00973, in HHIP-AS1-depleted PDLSCs. Bioinformatic analysis revealed several biological processes and signaling pathways related to HHIP-AS1 functions, including the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and JAK-STAT signaling pathway. In conclusion, our findings indicated that HHIP-AS1 was downregulated in PDLSCs under compressive pressure, and it promoted the osteogenic differentiation potential and inhibited the migration and chemotaxis abilities of PDLSCs. Thus, HHIP-AS1 may be a potential target for accelerating tooth movement during orthodontic treatment.
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Moga RA, Buru SM, Chiorean CG. Overall stress in periodontal ligament under orthodontic movement during a periodontal breakdown. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 161:e127-e135. [PMID: 34563425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This research aimed to assess qualitatively and quantitatively the overall stress in the periodontal ligament during gradual periodontal breakdown (0-8 mm) under orthodontic movements. Correlations between the applied forces, the level of bone loss, the decrease of force magnitude, and the increase of stress were also assessed. METHODS On the basis of cone-beam computed tomography examinations (voxel size, 0.075 mm), nine 3-dimensional models of a mandibular second premolar with intact periodontium were created and then individually subjected to various levels of horizontal bone loss. Orthodontic forces (intrusion at 0.2 N; extrusion, rotation, and tipping at 0.6 N; translation at 1.2 N) were applied on the brackets. Finite elements analysis was performed, and von Mises (VM) stresses were quantitatively and qualitatively determined. RESULTS Rotation and translation induced the highest stress apically and cervically, whereas intrusion determined the lowest. Apical stress was lower than cervical stress. In intact periodontium, VM stress was under maximum hydrostatic pressure (MHP) and maximum tolerable stress (MTS). In reduced periodontium, VM stress was lower apically than MHP, whereas cervically, the rotation, translation, and tipping exceeded MHP. CONCLUSIONS A force of 1.2 N seemed safe to be used in the intact periodontium. Forces higher than 0.6 N could produce stresses exceeding MHP and MTS endangering the reduced periodontium. VM stress failure criterion (despite its limited use) seemed to be more adequate for accurate quantitative results. An overall correlation between the applied force, VM stress increase, and periodontal breakdown applicable to all 5 movements could not be established. This was possible only for individual movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu-Andrei Moga
- Department of Cariology, Endodontics and Oral Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Stefan Marius Buru
- Department of Structural Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cosmin Grula Chiorean
- Department of Structural Mechanics, School of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Ovy EG, Romanyk DL, Flores Mir C, Westover L. Modelling and evaluating periodontal ligament mechanical behaviour and properties: A scoping review of current approaches and limitations. Orthod Craniofac Res 2021; 25:199-211. [PMID: 34355507 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This scoping review is intended to synthesize the techniques proposed to model the tooth-periodontal ligament-bone complex (TPBC), while also evaluating the suggested periodontal ligament (PDL) material properties. It is concentrated on the recent advancements on the PDL and TPBC models, while identifying the advantages and limitations of the proposed approaches. Systematic searches were conducted up to December 2020 for articles that proposed PDL models to assess orthodontic tooth movement in Compendex, Web of Science, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar and Scopus databases. Although there have been many studies focused on the evaluation of PDL material properties through numerous modelling approaches, only a handful of approaches have been identified to investigate the interface properties of the PDL as a complete dynamical system (TPBC models). Past reviews on the analytical and experimental determination of the PDL properties already show a concerning range in reported output values-some nearly six orders of magnitude in difference-that strongly suggested the need for further investigation. Surprisingly, it has not yet been possible to determine a narrower range of values for the PDL material properties. Moreover, very few scientific approaches address the TPBC as an integrated complex system model. In consequence, current methods for capturing the PDL material behaviour in a clinical setting are limited and inconclusive. This synthesis encourages more systematic, pragmatic and phenomenological research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enaiyat Ghani Ovy
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Dan L Romanyk
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carlos Flores Mir
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lindsey Westover
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Kawatsu M, Takeshita N, Takimoto A, Yoshimoto Y, Seiryu M, Ito A, Kimura S, Kawamoto T, Hiraki Y, Shukunami C, Takano-Yamamoto T. Scleraxis upregulated by transforming growth factor-β1 signaling inhibits tension-induced osteoblast differentiation of priodontal ligament cells via ephrin A2. Bone 2021; 149:115969. [PMID: 33892176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
During tooth movement in orthodontic treatment, bone formation and resorption occur on the tension and compression sides of the alveolar bone, respectively. Although the bone formation activity increases in the periodontal ligament (PDL) on the tension side, the PDL itself is not ossified and maintains its homeostasis, indicating that there are negative regulators of bone formation in the PDL. Our previous report suggested that scleraxis (Scx) has an inhibitory effect on ossification of the PDL on the tension side through the suppression of calcified extracellular matrix formation. However, the molecular biological mechanisms of Scx-modulated inhibition of ossification in the tensioned PDL are not fully understood. The aim of the present study is to clarify the inhibitory role of Scx in osteoblast differentiation of PDL cells and its underlying mechanism. Our in vivo experiment using a mouse experimental tooth movement model showed that Scx expression was increased during early response of the PDL to tensile force. Scx knockdown upregulated expression of alkaline phosphatase, an early osteoblast differentiation marker, in the tensile force-loaded PDL cells in vitro. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1-Smad3 signaling in the PDL was activated by tensile force and inhibitors of TGF-β receptor and Smad3 suppressed the tensile force-induced Scx expression in PDL cells. Tensile force induced ephrin A2 (Efna2) expression in the PDL and Efna2 knockdown upregulated alkaline phosphatase expression in PDL cells under tensile force loading. Scx knockdown eliminated the tensile force-induced Efna2 expression in PDL cells. These findings suggest that the TGF-β1-Scx-Efna2 axis is a novel molecular mechanism that negatively regulates the tensile force-induced osteoblast differentiation of PDL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Kawatsu
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0875, Japan; Laboratory of Cellular Differentiation, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Nobuo Takeshita
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0875, Japan
| | - Aki Takimoto
- Laboratory of Cellular Differentiation, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuki Yoshimoto
- Laboratory of Cellular Differentiation, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Major, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Masahiro Seiryu
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0875, Japan
| | - Arata Ito
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0875, Japan
| | - Seiji Kimura
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0875, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Kawamoto
- Radioisotope Research Institute, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Yuji Hiraki
- Laboratory of Cellular Differentiation, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Chisa Shukunami
- Laboratory of Cellular Differentiation, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Major, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Teruko Takano-Yamamoto
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0875, Japan; Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan.
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Kaplan M, Kalajzic Z, Choi T, Maleeh I, Ricupero CL, Skelton MN, Daily ML, Chen J, Wadhwa S. The role of inhibition of osteocyte apoptosis in mediating orthodontic tooth movement and periodontal remodeling: a pilot study. Prog Orthod 2021; 22:21. [PMID: 34308514 PMCID: PMC8310814 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-021-00366-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) has been shown to induce osteocyte apoptosis in alveolar bone shortly after force application. However, how osteocyte apoptosis affects orthodontic tooth movement is unknown. The goal of this study was to assess the effect of inhibition of osteocyte apoptosis on osteoclastogenesis, changes in the alveolar bone density, and the magnitude of OTM using a bisphosphonate analog (IG9402), a drug that affects osteocyte and osteoblast apoptosis but does not affect osteoclasts. MATERIAL AND METHODS Two sets of experiments were performed. Experiment 1 was used to specifically evaluate the effect of IG9402 on osteocyte apoptosis in the alveolar bone during 24 h of OTM. For this experiment, twelve mice were divided into two groups: group 1, saline administration + OTM24-h (n=6), and group 2, IG9402 administration + OTM24-h (n=6). The contralateral unloaded sides served as the control. The goal of experiment 2 was to evaluate the role of osteocyte apoptosis on OTM magnitude and osteoclastogenesis 10 days after OTM. Twenty mice were divided into 4 groups: group 1, saline administration without OTM (n=5); group 2, IG9402 administration without OTM (n=5); group 3, saline + OTM10-day (n=6); and group 4, IG9402 + OTM10-day (n=4). For both experiments, tooth movement was achieved using Ultra Light (25g) Sentalloy Closed Coil Springs attached between the first maxillary molar and the central incisor. Linear measurements of tooth movement and alveolar bone density (BVF) were assessed by MicroCT analysis. Cell death (or apoptosis) was assessed by terminal dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, while osteoclast and macrophage formation were assessed by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and F4/80+ immunostaining. RESULTS We found that IG9402 significantly blocked osteocyte apoptosis in alveolar bone (AB) at 24 h of OTM. At 10 days, IG9402 prevented OTM-induced loss of alveolar bone density and changed the morphology and quality of osteoclasts and macrophages, but did not significantly affect the amount of tooth movement. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that osteocyte apoptosis may play a significant role in osteoclast and macrophage formation during OTM, but does not seem to play a role in the magnitude of orthodontic tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Kaplan
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Zana Kalajzic
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences, Division of Oral Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Thomas Choi
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Imad Maleeh
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christopher L Ricupero
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle N Skelton
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Madeleine L Daily
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sunil Wadhwa
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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The rationale for orthodontic retention: piecing together the jigsaw. Br Dent J 2021; 230:739-749. [PMID: 34117429 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-021-3012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Retaining teeth in their corrected positions following orthodontic treatment is one of the most challenging aspects of orthodontic practice. Despite much research, the rationale for retention is not entirely clear. Teeth tend to revert to their pre-treatment positions due to periodontal and gingival, soft tissue, occlusal and growth factors. Changes may also follow normal dentofacial ageing and are unpredictable with great variability. In this overview, each of these factors are discussed with their implications for retention, along with adjunctive procedures to minimise relapse. The state of current knowledge, methods used to assess relapse, factors regarded as predictive of or associated with stability as well as overcorrection are outlined. Potential areas requiring further investigation are suggested. The way in which the clinician may manage current retention practice, with a need for individualised retention plans and selective retainer wear, is also considered.
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Cattaneo PM, Cornelis MA. Orthodontic Tooth Movement Studied by Finite Element Analysis: an Update. What Can We Learn from These Simulations? Curr Osteoporos Rep 2021; 19:175-181. [PMID: 33538966 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-021-00664-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To produce an updated overview of the use of finite element (FE) analysis for analyzing orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Different levels of simulation complexity, including material properties and level of morphological representation of the alveolar complex, will be presented and evaluated, and the limitations will be discussed. RECENT FINDINGS Complex formulations of the PDL have been proposed, which might be able to correctly predict the behavior of the PDL both when chewing forces and orthodontic forces are simulated in FE models. The recent findings do not corroborate the simplified view of the classical OTM theories. The use of complex and biologically coherent FE models can help understanding the mechanisms leading to OTM as well as predicting the risk of root resorption related to specific force systems and magnitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo M Cattaneo
- Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston St, Carlton VIC, Melbourne, 3053, Australia.
| | - Marie A Cornelis
- Melbourne Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, 720 Swanston St, Carlton VIC, Melbourne, 3053, Australia
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Gauthier R, Jeannin C, Attik N, Trunfio-Sfarghiu AM, Gritsch K, Grosgogeat B. Tissue Engineering for Periodontal Ligament Regeneration: Biomechanical Specifications. J Biomech Eng 2021; 143:1088515. [PMID: 33067629 DOI: 10.1115/1.4048810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The periodontal biomechanical environment is very difficult to investigate. By the complex geometry and composition of the periodontal ligament (PDL), its mechanical behavior is very dependent on the type of loading (compressive versus tensile loading; static versus cyclic loading; uniaxial versus multiaxial) and the location around the root (cervical, middle, or apical). These different aspects of the PDL make it difficult to develop a functional biomaterial to treat periodontal attachment due to periodontal diseases. This review aims to describe the structural and biomechanical properties of the PDL. Particular importance is placed in the close interrelationship that exists between structure and biomechanics: the PDL structural organization is specific to its biomechanical environment, and its biomechanical properties are specific to its structural arrangement. This balance between structure and biomechanics can be explained by a mechanosensitive periodontal cellular activity. These specifications have to be considered in the further tissue engineering strategies for the development of an efficient biomaterial for periodontal tissues regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Gauthier
- Univ Lyon - Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne F-69622, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon 69008, France
| | - Christophe Jeannin
- Univ Lyon - Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne F-69622, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon 69008, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Odontologie, Lyon 69007, France
| | - N Attik
- Univ Lyon - Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne F-69622, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon 69008, France
| | | | - K Gritsch
- Univ Lyon - Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne F-69622, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon 69008, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Odontologie, Lyon 69007, France
| | - B Grosgogeat
- Univ Lyon - Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5615, Laboratoire des Multimatériaux et Interfaces, Villeurbanne F-69622, France; Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Faculté d'Odontologie, Lyon 69008, France; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Service d'Odontologie, Lyon 69007, France
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Domínguez A, Payán X, Dipp FA, Castillo BE. Photobiomodulation with 940 nm laser diode: effect on the interleukin 6 expression after orthodontic initial archwire activation. LASERS IN DENTAL SCIENCE 2021; 5:35-41. [DOI: 10.1007/s41547-021-00115-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
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Dose-related effects of extracorporeal shock waves on orthodontic tooth movement in rabbits. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3405. [PMID: 33564049 PMCID: PMC7873214 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82997-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this animal study is to investigate the quantitative effects of extracorporeal shock waves applied at two different impulses and with two different applicators on orthodontic tooth movement. Thirty-five New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into five groups (n = 7): the four experimental extracorporeal shock wave groups-focused/500 impulses, focused/1000 impulses, unfocused/500 impulses, and unfocused/1000 impulses-and the control group. Orthodontic tooth movement was achieved by application of reciprocal force between two maxillary incisors. In the experimental groups, animals received 500 or 1000 impulses of extracorporeal shock waves at 0.19 mJ/mm2 with focused or unfocused applicators depending on the group to which they belonged. These experiments were conducted on days 0, 7, and 14. Orthodontic tooth movement was measured with 0.01 mm accuracy at one-week intervals. On days 7 and 21, the bone-specific alkaline phosphatase levels were measured from blood samples. After 21 days, the animals were sacrificed and the area between the two maxillary incisors was stereologically examined. Orthodontic tooth movement in the focused/500 impulses and focused/1000 impulses groups was significantly increased compared to the control group. A significant difference in bone-specific alkaline phosphatase levels between the unfocused/500 impulses and control groups was found at 21st day. Stereological analysis showed that there were significant increases of the formation of new bone, connective tissue, and vessels in the experimental groups. The application of extracorporeal shock waves, especially with a focused applicator, could accelerate orthodontic tooth movement.
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Arqub SA, Gandhi V, Iverson MG, Ahmed M, Kuo CL, Mu J, Dutra E, Uribe F. The effect of the local administration of biological substances on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review of human studies. Prog Orthod 2021; 22:5. [PMID: 33523325 PMCID: PMC7851211 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-021-00349-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The influence of different biological agents on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) has been extensively reviewed in animal studies with conflicting results. These findings cannot be extrapolated from animals to humans. Therefore, we aimed to systematically investigate the most up-to-date available evidence of human studies regarding the effect of the administration of different biological substances on the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. Methods A total of 8 databases were searched until the 16th of June 2020 without restrictions. Controlled randomized and non-randomized human clinical studies assessing the effect of biological substances on the rate of OTM were included. ROBINS-I and the Cochrane Risk of Bias tools were used. Reporting of this review was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Results A total of 11 studies (6 randomized clinical trials and 5 prospective clinical trials) were identified for inclusion. Local injections of prostaglandin E1 and vitamin C exerted a positive influence on the rate of OTM; vitamin D showed variable effects. The use of platelet-rich plasma and its derivatives showed inconsistent results, while the local use of human relaxin hormone showed no significant effects on the rate of OTM. Limitations The limited and variable observation periods after the administration of the biological substances, the high and medium risk of bias assessment for some included studies, the variable concentrations of the assessed biological agents, the different experimental designs and teeth evaluated, and the variety of measurement tools have hampered the quantitative assessment of the results as originally planned. Conclusions and implications Despite the methodological limitations of the included studies, this systematic review provides an important overview of the effects of a variety of biological agents on the rate of tooth movement and elucidates the deficiencies in the clinical studies that have been conducted so far to evaluate the effectiveness of these agents in humans, providing some guidelines for future robust research. Trial registration PROSPERO (CRD42020168481, www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero)
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Abu Arqub
- Division of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Vaibhav Gandhi
- Division of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
| | - Marissa G Iverson
- L.M. Stowe Library, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Maram Ahmed
- Division of Orthodontics, University of Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chia-Ling Kuo
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jinjian Mu
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Eliane Dutra
- Division of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA.
| | - Flavio Uribe
- Division of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT, 06032, USA
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Compressive stress in periodontal ligament under orthodontic movements during periodontal breakdown. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 159:e291-e299. [PMID: 33487500 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This analysis aimed to assess quantitatively and qualitatively the compressive stress (S3) in periodontal ligament in a gradual periodontal breakdown (0-8 mm) under orthodontic movements. Correlations between the applied forces, the level of bone resorption, the decrease of force magnitude, and S3 increase were also conducted. METHODS On the basis of cone-beam computed tomography examinations (voxel size, 0.075 mm), nine 3-dimensional models of the second mandibular premolar with intact periodontium were created and then individually subjected to various levels of horizontal bone loss. Orthodontic forces (intrusion: 0.2 N; extrusion, rotation, tipping: 0.6 N; translation: 1.2 N) were applied on the brackets. Finite elements analysis was performed, and S3 stresses were quantitatively and qualitatively determined. RESULTS Translation and rotation induced the highest stress apically and cervically, whereas intrusion determined the lowest. Apical stress was lower than cervical stress. In intact periodontium, only intrusion and extrusion exhibited S3 stresses lower (apically and cervically) than maximum hydrostatic pressure (MHP) and maximum tolerable stress (MTS). In reduced periodontium, S3 stress (except for intrusion) exceeded MHP and MTS. CONCLUSIONS In reduced periodontium, forces of 0.2 N seems safe to be used. Forces of 0.6-1.2 N may produce stresses exceeding both MTS and MHP, endangering the periodontium. S3 failure criterion (despite its widely use) seems not to be adequate for accurate quantitative results when evaluating the stress in the periodontal ligament while remaining adequate for qualitative results. An overall correlation between the applied force, S3 increase, and periodontal breakdown applicable to all 5 movements could not be established-this was possible only for sole movements.
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Sondeijker CFW, Apperloo RC, Kalaykova SI, Baan F, Maertens JKM. Combined orthodontic and surgical treatment for a patient with Hallermann-Streiff-Francois syndrome, severe obstructive sleep apnea, and history of antiresorptive medication. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020; 159:97-107. [PMID: 33189488 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Micrognathia and retrognathia, as observed in patients with the Hallermann-Streiff-Francois syndrome, might result in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. When it becomes severe (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI], ≥30), noninvasive treatment options might be insufficient. An orthognathic treatment with mandibular advancement will increase the upper airway volume, which results in a decrease of apneas. A 53-year-old woman with Hallermann-Streiff-Francois syndrome and a history of antiresorptive medication suffered from severe obstructive sleep apnea (AHI, 77.7). She was treated with a combined orthodontic and surgical approach. The AHI decreased to 1, and the patient felt fitter after treatment. No medication-induced osteonecrosis nor inhibition of tooth movement was seen. A combined orthodontic and surgical treatment of a patient with severe obstructive sleep apnea was a good treatment choice. With a history of antiresorptive medication, the risks related to these medications have to be weighed up against the consequences of not treating obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. With a drug holiday, successful surgical treatment can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline F W Sondeijker
- Section of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Department of Dentistry, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Ruben C Apperloo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Stanimira I Kalaykova
- Section of Oral Function and Prosthetic Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Frank Baan
- Section of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Department of Dentistry, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna K M Maertens
- Section of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Department of Dentistry, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Gupta M, Madhok K, Kulshrestha R, Chain S, Kaur H, Yadav A. Determination of stress distribution on periodontal ligament and alveolar bone by various tooth movements - A 3D FEM study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2020; 10:758-763. [PMID: 33117644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stress distribution on the maxillary central incisors by various tooth movements using three-dimensional finite element modeling with varying periodontal ligament (PDL) thickness and different alveolar bone height (at the apex and alveolar crest). Material and methods A Finite Element Modeling model was created using surface data of the tooth using SolidWorks Software. Different types of force (intrusion, extrusion, tipping, and bodily movement) were applied on the maxillary central incisor, with two different periodontal ligament thickness (0.15 mm and 0.24 mm) and alveolar bone height (at the apex and alveolar crest). Stress generated due to force applied due to different types of tooth movement was calculated and compared. Results Maximum stresses generated under intrusion, extrusion, tipping, bodily movement were 9.0421 E-003 N/mm2 for 0.15 mm pdl at alveolar bone, 7.2833 E-5 N/mm2for 0.24 mm pdl labio-lingually, 9.1792 E-002 N/mm2 at 0.15 mm pdl at alveolar bone height and 6.2208 E-6 N/mm2 for 0.24 mm pdl at alveolar crest respectively. Conclusion The stress pattern seen was nearly the same in all the cases in both PDL thickness. The maximum stress pattern was found to be at the apex of the central incisor, reducing from apex to the cervical region. Intrusion, extrusion, and tipping movement showed the greatest amount of relative stress at the apex of the maxillary central incisor. The bodily movement produced forces at root apex and distributed it all over.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Gupta
- Consulting Orthodontist, Private Practice, New Delhi, India
| | - Kriti Madhok
- Consulting Prosthodontist, Private Practice, New Delhi, India
| | - Rohit Kulshrestha
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Terna Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Stephen Chain
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Chandra Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Harmeet Kaur
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics BBD Dental College, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Hirashima S, Ohta K, Kanazawa T, Togo A, Tsuneyoshi R, Kusukawa J, Nakamura KI. Cellular network across cementum and periodontal ligament elucidated by FIB/SEM tomography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 69:53-58. [PMID: 32047915 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfz117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Cementocytes in cementum form a lacuna-canalicular network. However, the 3D ultrastructure and range of the cementocyte network are unclear. Here, the 3D ultrastructure of the cementocyte network at the interface between cementum and periodontal ligament (PDL) was investigated on the mesoscale using FIB/SEM tomography. The results revealed a cellular network of cementocytes and PDL cells. A previous histomorphological study revealed the osteocyte-osteoblast-PDL cellular network. We extended this knowledge and revealed the cementum-PDL-bone cellular network, which may orchestrate the remodeling and modification of periodontal tissue, using a suitable method for imaging of complex tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Hirashima
- Division of Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.,Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ohta
- Division of Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan.,Advanced Imaging Research Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Tomonoshin Kanazawa
- Division of Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Akinobu Togo
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Risa Tsuneyoshi
- Division of Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Jingo Kusukawa
- Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichiro Nakamura
- Division of Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
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Brezulier D, Pellen-Mussi P, Tricot-Doleux S, Novella A, Sorel O, Jeanne S. Development of a 3D human osteoblast cell culture model for studying mechanobiology in orthodontics. Eur J Orthod 2020; 42:387-395. [PMID: 32144430 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mechanobiology phenomena constitute a major element of the cellular and tissue response during orthodontic treatment and the implantation of a biomaterial. Better understanding these phenomena will improve the effectiveness of our treatments. The objective of this work is to validate a model of three-dimensional (3D) culture of osteoblasts to study mechanobiology. MATERIALS AND METHODS The hFOB 1.19 cell line was cultured either traditionally on a flat surface or in aggregates called spheroids. They were embedded in 0.8% low-melting agarose type VII and placed in a polyethylene terephthalate transwell insert. Compressive forces of 1 and 4 g/cm2 were applied with an adjustable weight. Proliferation was evaluated by measuring diameters, monitoring glucose levels, and conducting Hoechst/propidium iodide staining. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays focusing on the pro-inflammatory mediators interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8 and bone remodelling factor osteoprotegerin were performed to evaluate soluble factor synthesis. quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to evaluate bone marker transcription. RESULTS The 3D model shows good cell viability and permits IL dosing. Additionally, three gene expression profiles are analysable. LIMITATIONS The model allows analysis of conventional markers; larger exploration is needed for better understanding osteoblast mechanobiology. However, it only allows an analysis over 3 days. CONCLUSION The results obtained by applying constant compressive forces to 3D osteoblastic cultures validate this model system for exploring biomolecule release and analysing gene transcription. In particular, it highlights a disturbance in the expression of markers of osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Brezulier
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Pole Odontologie, Rennes, France
- ISCR, CNRS-UMR 6226, Rennes, France
| | | | | | | | - Olivier Sorel
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Pole Odontologie, Rennes, France
| | - Sylvie Jeanne
- Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Pole Odontologie, Rennes, France
- ISCR, CNRS-UMR 6226, Rennes, France
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Spitz A, Christovam IO, Marañón-Vásquez GA, Masterson DF, Adesse D, Maia LC, Bolognese AM. Global gene expression profile of periodontal ligament cells submitted to mechanical loading: A systematic review. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 118:104884. [PMID: 32877888 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the evidence reporting gene expression array data of human in vitro cultured periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) submitted to static mechanical loading compared to a control group. DESIGN Systematic searches were performed in MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Virtual Health Library, The Cochrane Library and the System for Information on Grey Literature in Europe up to June 2019. A narrative synthesis was performed to summarize differentially expressed genes (DEGs). These were grouped according to the culture method (2D or 3D), force type (compression or tension) and observation time. Additionally, gene ontology (GO) analysis was performed using the Database for Annotation Visualization and Integrated Discovery. The risk of bias (RoB) and certainty of evidence (CoE) were assessed using a modified CONSORT checklist and the GRADE tool, respectively. RESULTS Of eight studies included (all rated as having moderate RoB), only two provided the complete list of DEGs and four studies performed GO, gene network or pathways analysis. "Cell proliferation", "cell-cell signaling", "response to hypoxia and to mechanical stimulus" were among the significantly enriched biological processes in 3D-cultured compressed PDLCs (moderate CoE); while "collagen catabolic process", "extracellular matrix organization" and "cell proliferation" were associated with DEGs of 3D-cultured PDLCs submitted to tension (very low CoE). Biological processes significantly enriched in 2D-cultured PDLCs under compression were "extracellular matrix organization", "canonical glycolysis" and "glycolytic process" (very low CoE). CONCLUSION Genes such as NR4A2, NR4A3, NAMPT, PGK1, and REDD1 are suggested as novel biomarkers for orthodontic tooth movement. Limited amount of evidence on the complete gene expression profile and the high heterogeneity in methodologies make it impossible to obtain definite conclusions. New studies following standardized and well-designed in vitro model and reporting complete gene expression datasets are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Spitz
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325 - Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-617, Brazil.
| | - Ilana Oliveira Christovam
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325 - Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-617, Brazil.
| | - Guido Artemio Marañón-Vásquez
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325 - Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-617, Brazil.
| | - Daniele Ferreira Masterson
- Central Library of the Health Science Center, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Avenida Carlos Chagas Filho, Bl L, 373 - Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-90, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Adesse
- Laboratory of Structural Biology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4365 - Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-900, Brazil.
| | - Lucianne Cople Maia
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325 - Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-617, Brazil.
| | - Ana Maria Bolognese
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua. Prof. Rodolpho Paulo Rocco, 325 - Cidade Universitária da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21941-617, Brazil.
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Asif MK, Ibrahim N, Sivarajan S, Heng Khiang Teh N, Chek Wey M. Osseous evidence behind micro-osteoperforation technique in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement: A 3-month study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2020; 158:579-586.e1. [PMID: 32826123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study aimed to investigate the effects of micro-osteoperforations (MOPs) on the mandibular bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) ratio changes and the rate of orthodontic tooth movement using cone-beam computed tomography images. Another objective was to evaluate the effects of MOP frequency intervals (4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 12 weeks) on the BV/TV ratio and rate of tooth movement. METHODS In 24 participants, 140-200 g of force was applied for mandibular canine retraction. Three MOPs were made according to the scheduled intervals of the 3 different groups: group 1 (MOP 4 weeks), group 2 (MOP 8 weeks), and group 3 (MOP 12 weeks) directly at the mandibular buccal cortical bone of extracted first premolars sites. Cone-beam computed tomography scans were obtained at the 12th week after MOP application. Computed tomography Analyzer software (version 1.11.0.0; Skyscan, Kontich, Belgium) was used to compute the trabecular alveolar BV/TV ratio. RESULTS A significant difference was observed in the rate of canine movement between control and MOP. Paired t test analysis showed a significant difference (P = 0.001) in the mean BV/TV ratio between control and MOP sides in all the frequency intervals groups. However, the difference was significant only in group 1 (P = 0.014). A strong negative correlation (r = -0.86) was observed between the rate of canine tooth movement and the BV/TV ratio at the MOP side for group 1 and all frequency intervals together (r = -0.42). CONCLUSIONS The rate of orthodontic tooth movement can be accelerated by the MOP technique with frequently repeated MOPs throughout the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khan Asif
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norliza Ibrahim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saritha Sivarajan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ng Heng Khiang Teh
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mang Chek Wey
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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de Gouyon Matignon de Pontouraude MA, Von den Hoff JW, Baan F, Bruggink R, Bloemen M, Bronkhorst EM, Ongkosuwito EM. Highly variable rate of orthodontic tooth movement measured by a novel 3D method correlates with gingival inflammation. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:1945-1952. [PMID: 32809076 PMCID: PMC7966628 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03502-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Individual orthodontic treatment duration is hard to predict. Individual biological factors are amongst factors influencing individual rate of orthodontically induced tooth movement (OTM). The study aim is to determine the rate of OTM by a novel 3D method and investigate parameters that may predict the rate of tooth movement. Materials and methods In this prospective cohort study, rate of OTM was determined from 90 three-dimensional intra-oral scans in 15 patients (aged 12–15) undergoing orthodontic treatment. For each patient, intra-oral scans were taken every week for up to 6 weeks (T0–T5). The teeth were segmented from the scans and the scans were superimposed on the palatal rugae. The rate of OTM was calculated for each tooth. Other parameters were gingival inflammation, contact-point displacement and the biological markers, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), MMP-9 and MMP-2 in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Results Our study showed a high variation in the rate of OTM, varying from 0.15 to 1.24 mm/week. Teeth in the anterior segment tended to move more compared with the posterior segment. The contact point displacement and gingival inflammation varied greatly amongst the patients. The MMPs measured did not correlate with tooth movement. However, the gingival inflammation index showed a significant correlation with OTM. Future studies should include other biological markers related to bone-remodeling. Conclusion This novel and efficient 3D method is suitable for measuring OTM and showed large individual variation in rate of OTM. Clinical relevance Patients show different rates of OTM. The rate of OTM in an individual patient can provide guidance in timing of follow-up appointments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Johannes W Von den Hoff
- Department of Dentistry, section of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Baan
- Department of Dentistry, section of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- 3D Lab, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Robin Bruggink
- Department of Dentistry, section of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- 3D Lab, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjon Bloemen
- Department of Dentistry, section of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ewald M Bronkhorst
- Department of Dentistry, section of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin M Ongkosuwito
- Department of Dentistry, section of Orthodontics and Craniofacial Biology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Kaklamanos EG, Makrygiannakis MA, Athanasiou AE. Could medications and biologic factors affect post-orthodontic tooth movement changes? A systematic review of animal studies. Orthod Craniofac Res 2020; 24:39-51. [PMID: 32654394 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Immediately after the removal of orthodontic appliances, the teeth might start to drift away from their corrected position in an attempt to reach a new equilibrium. Medications and biologic factors could potentially modulate these processes. The objective of the present systematic review is to systematically investigate and appraise the quality of the evidence regarding the effect of various medications and biologic factors on the rate of relapse following active tooth movement. Search without restrictions in eight databases and hand searching until April 2020 were conducted. Studies performed on animal models investigating the effects of medication and biologic factors on the rate of relapse following orthodontic tooth movement were considered. Following study retrieval and selection, relevant data were extracted and the risk of bias was assessed. Seventeen studies were finally identified, mostly at either high or unclear risk of bias. Ketorolac did not show any significant effects on relapse, while the administration of tetracycline, atorvastatin, psoralen and raloxifene decreased it. Overall, the same result was observed with bisphosphonates with the exception of low dosage of risedronate, which did not have an effect. Osteoprotegerin and strontium resulted in reduced relapse, but not in the immediate post-administration period. Inconsistent or conflicting effects were noted after the use of simvastatin and relaxin. The quality of the available evidence was considered at best as low. It can be concluded that specific medications and biologic factors may have an effect on the rate of relapse following tooth movement. The orthodontist should be knowledgeable about the substances potentially affecting retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleftherios G Kaklamanos
- Hamdan Bin Mohammed College of Dental Medicine, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dubai, UAE
| | - Miltiadis A Makrygiannakis
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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Al-Khalifa KS, Baeshen HA. Micro-osteoperforations and Its Effect on the Rate of Tooth Movement: A Systematic Review. Eur J Dent 2020; 15:158-167. [PMID: 32610360 PMCID: PMC7902111 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged orthodontic treatments have inconvenienced patients and clinicians alike. Surgically assisted techniques for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement have shown promising results in the literature over the years. The minimally invasive nature of micro-osteoperforations (MOPs), however, for enhanced orthodontic tooth movement has recently gained momentum, with many clinical trials conducted on both animals and humans. An electronic search was performed to extract papers using PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science. The keywords that were used included “MOP,” “accelerating tooth movement,” “orthodontic tooth movement,” and “regional acceleratory phenomenon.” The studies that met our inclusion criteria were extracted and evaluated in this review. MOPs have been proven time and again, in animal and human studies alike, to increase the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. The application of perforations to cortical bone present in the pathway of teeth, which are specifically to be moved creates transient osteopenia. This reduces the density of the cortical bone, hence speeding up the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. Many techniques have been implemented and perfected to enhance orthodontic tooth movement and shorten the treatment time in the literature. MOPs have proven to be a universally applied, nontechnical, repeatable, and minimally invasive method of accelerating tooth movement, with extremely minimal consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalifa S Al-Khalifa
- Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hosam A Baeshen
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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