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Lima JT, Ferreira JG. Mechanobiology of the nucleus during the G2-M transition. Nucleus 2024; 15:2330947. [PMID: 38533923 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2330947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular behavior is continuously influenced by mechanical forces. These forces span the cytoskeleton and reach the nucleus, where they trigger mechanotransduction pathways that regulate downstream biochemical events. Therefore, the nucleus has emerged as a regulator of cellular response to mechanical stimuli. Cell cycle progression is regulated by cyclin-CDK complexes. Recent studies demonstrated these biochemical pathways are influenced by mechanical signals, highlighting the interdependence of cellular mechanics and cell cycle regulation. In particular, the transition from G2 to mitosis (G2-M) shows significant changes in nuclear structure and organization, ranging from nuclear pore complex (NPC) and nuclear lamina disassembly to chromosome condensation. The remodeling of these mechanically active nuclear components indicates that mitotic entry is particularly sensitive to forces. Here, we address how mechanical forces crosstalk with the nucleus to determine the timing and efficiency of the G2-M transition. Finally, we discuss how the deregulation of nuclear mechanics has consequences for mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana T Lima
- Epithelial Polarity and Cell Division Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Programa Doutoral em Biomedicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge G Ferreira
- Epithelial Polarity and Cell Division Laboratory, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Biomedicina, Unidade de Biologia Experimental, Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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2
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Lin J, Sumara I. Cytoplasmic nucleoporin assemblage: the cellular artwork in physiology and disease. Nucleus 2024; 15:2387534. [PMID: 39135336 PMCID: PMC11323873 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2387534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Nucleoporins, essential proteins building the nuclear pore, are pivotal for ensuring nucleocytoplasmic transport. While traditionally confined to the nuclear envelope, emerging evidence indicates their presence in various cytoplasmic structures, suggesting potential non-transport-related roles. This review consolidates findings on cytoplasmic nucleoporin assemblies across different states, including normal physiological conditions, stress, and pathology, exploring their structural organization, formation dynamics, and functional implications. We summarize the current knowledge and the latest concepts on the regulation of nucleoporin homeostasis, aiming to enhance our understanding of their unexpected roles in physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Lin
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7104, Strasbourg, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U964, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Izabela Sumara
- Department of Development and Stem Cells, Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology (IGBMC), Illkirch, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR 7104, Strasbourg, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U964, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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3
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Li Y, Zhu J, Zhai F, Kong L, Li H, Jin X. Advances in the understanding of nuclear pore complexes in human diseases. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:374. [PMID: 39080077 PMCID: PMC11289042 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05881-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are sophisticated and dynamic protein structures that straddle the nuclear envelope and act as gatekeepers for transporting molecules between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. NPCs comprise up to 30 different proteins known as nucleoporins (NUPs). However, a growing body of research has suggested that NPCs play important roles in gene regulation, viral infections, cancer, mitosis, genetic diseases, kidney diseases, immune system diseases, and degenerative neurological and muscular pathologies. PURPOSE In this review, we introduce the structure and function of NPCs. Then We described the physiological and pathological effects of each component of NPCs which provide a direction for future clinical applications. METHODS The literatures from PubMed have been reviewed for this article. CONCLUSION This review summarizes current studies on the implications of NPCs in human physiology and pathology, highlighting the mechanistic underpinnings of NPC-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Li
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Nngbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengguang Zhai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Nngbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lili Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Nngbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong Li
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Nngbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center, Nngbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, China.
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4
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Izumi R, Ikeda K, Niihori T, Suzuki N, Shirota M, Funayama R, Nakayama K, Warita H, Tateyama M, Aoki Y, Aoki M. Nuclear pore pathology underlying multisystem proteinopathy type 3-related inclusion body myopathy. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2024; 11:577-592. [PMID: 38158701 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multisystem proteinopathy type 3 (MSP3) is an inherited, pleiotropic degenerative disorder caused by a mutation in heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1), which can affect the muscle, bone, and/or nervous system. This study aimed to determine detailed histopathological features and transcriptomic profile of HNRNPA1-mutated skeletal muscles to reveal the core pathomechanism of hereditary inclusion body myopathy (hIBM), a predominant phenotype of MSP3. METHODS Histopathological analyses and RNA sequencing of HNRNPA1-mutated skeletal muscles harboring a c.940G > A (p.D314N) mutation (NM_031157) were performed, and the results were compared with those of HNRNPA1-unlinked hIBM and control muscle tissues. RESULTS RNA sequencing revealed aberrant alternative splicing events that predominantly occurred in myofibril components and mitochondrial respiratory complex. Enrichment analyses identified the nuclear pore complex (NPC) and nucleocytoplasmic transport as suppressed pathways. These two pathways were linked by the hub genes NUP50, NUP98, NUP153, NUP205, and RanBP2. In immunohistochemistry, these nucleoporin proteins (NUPs) were mislocalized to the cytoplasm and aggregated mostly with TAR DNA-binding protein 43 kDa and, to a lesser extent, with hnRNPA1. Based on ultrastructural observation, irregularly shaped myonuclei with deep invaginations were frequently observed in atrophic fibers, consistent with the disorganization of NPCs. Additionally, regarding the expression profiles of overall NUPs, reduced expression of NUP98, NUP153, and RanBP2 was shared with HNRNPA1-unlinked hIBMs. INTERPRETATION The shared subset of altered NUPs in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), as demonstrated in prior research, HNRNPA1-mutated, and HNRNPA1-unlinked hIBM muscle tissues may provide evidence regarding the underlying common nuclear pore pathology of hIBM, ALS, and MSP.
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Grants
- KAKENHI (20K16571) Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- KAKENHI (20H03586) Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- KAKENHI (23H02821) Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- KAKENHI (20K07897) Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C) from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
- 23FC1008 Grants-in-Aid from the Research Committee of CNS Degenerative Diseases, Research on Policy Planning and Evaluation for Rare and Intractable Diseases, Health, Labour and Welfare Sciences Research Grants, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan
- 23FC1010 Grants-in-Aid from the Research Committee of CNS Degenerative Diseases, Research on Policy Planning and Evaluation for Rare and Intractable Diseases, Health, Labour and Welfare Sciences Research Grants, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan
- 20FC1036 Grants-in-Aid for Research on Rare and Intractable Diseases from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan
- 23FC1014 Grants-in-Aid for Research on Rare and Intractable Diseases from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan
- Haruki ALS Research Foundation
- 2-5 Intramural Research Grant for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders Provided from National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry of Japan
- 5-6 Intramural Research Grant for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders Provided from National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry of Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumiko Izumi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kensuke Ikeda
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Niihori
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Naoki Suzuki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Matsuyuki Shirota
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medical Science, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryo Funayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakayama
- Division of Cell Proliferation, United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Warita
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Maki Tateyama
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Iwate Hospital, Ichinoseki, Japan
| | - Yoko Aoki
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masashi Aoki
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Mermet S, Voisin M, Mordier J, Dubos T, Tutois S, Tuffery P, Baroux C, Tamura K, Probst AV, Vanrobays E, Tatout C. Evolutionarily conserved protein motifs drive interactions between the plant nucleoskeleton and nuclear pores. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:4284-4303. [PMID: 37738557 PMCID: PMC10689174 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The nucleoskeleton forms a filamentous meshwork under the nuclear envelope and contributes to the regulation of nuclear shape and gene expression. To understand how the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) nucleoskeleton physically connects to the nuclear periphery in plants, we investigated the Arabidopsis nucleoskeleton protein KAKU4 and sought for functional regions responsible for its localization at the nuclear periphery. We identified 3 conserved peptide motifs within the N-terminal region of KAKU4, which are required for intermolecular interactions of KAKU4 with itself, interaction with the nucleoskeleton protein CROWDED NUCLEI (CRWN), localization at the nuclear periphery, and nuclear elongation in differentiated tissues. Unexpectedly, we find these motifs to be present also in NUP82 and NUP136, 2 plant-specific nucleoporins from the nuclear pore basket. We further show that NUP82, NUP136, and KAKU4 have a common evolutionary history predating nonvascular land plants with KAKU4 mainly localizing outside the nuclear pore suggesting its divergence from an ancient nucleoporin into a new nucleoskeleton component. Finally, we demonstrate that both NUP82 and NUP136, through their shared N-terminal motifs, interact with CRWN and KAKU4 proteins revealing the existence of a physical continuum between the nuclear pore and the nucleoskeleton in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mermet
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Maxime Voisin
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Joris Mordier
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Tristan Dubos
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sylvie Tutois
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Pierre Tuffery
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS UMR 8251, INSERM ERL U1133, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Célia Baroux
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Zürich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zürich, 8008 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kentaro Tamura
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan
| | - Aline V Probst
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emmanuel Vanrobays
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Christophe Tatout
- iGReD, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, INSERM, 63001 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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6
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Jühlen R, Fahrenkrog B. From the sideline: Tissue-specific nucleoporin function in health and disease, an update. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:2750-2768. [PMID: 37873737 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
The subcellular compartmentalisation of eukaryotic cells requires selective exchange between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. Intact nucleocytoplasmic transport is vital for normal cell function and mutations in the executing machinery have been causally linked to human disease. Central players in nucleocytoplasmic exchange are nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), which are built from ~30 distinct proteins collectively termed nucleoporins. Aberrant nucleoporin expression was detected in human cancers and autoimmune diseases since quite some time, while it was through the increasing use of next generation sequencing that mutations in nucleoporin genes associated with mainly rare hereditary diseases were revealed. The number of newly identified mutations is steadily increasing, as is the number of diseases. Mutational hotspots have emerged: mutations in the scaffold nucleoporins seemingly affect primarily inner organs, such as heart, kidney, and ovaries, whereas genetic alterations in peripheral, cytoplasmic nucleoporins affect primarily the central nervous system and development. In this review, we summarise latest insights on altered nucleoporin function in the context of human hereditary disorders, with a focus on those where mechanistic insights are beginning to emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Jühlen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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7
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Tingey M, Li Y, Yu W, Young A, Yang W. Spelling out the roles of individual nucleoporins in nuclear export of mRNA. Nucleus 2022; 13:170-193. [PMID: 35593254 PMCID: PMC9132428 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2022.2076965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nuclear Pore Complex (NPC) represents a critical passage through the nuclear envelope for nuclear import and export that impacts nearly every cellular process at some level. Recent technological advances in the form of Auxin Inducible Degron (AID) strategies and Single-Point Edge-Excitation sub-Diffraction (SPEED) microscopy have enabled us to provide new insight into the distinct functions and roles of nuclear basket nucleoporins (Nups) upon nuclear docking and export for mRNAs. In this paper, we provide a review of our recent findings as well as an assessment of new techniques, updated models, and future perspectives in the studies of mRNA's nuclear export.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Tingey
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yichen Li
- Department of Genetics, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Wenlan Yu
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Albert Young
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Weidong Yang
- Department of Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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8
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Cheng J, Allgeyer ES, Richens JH, Dzafic E, Palandri A, Lewków B, Sirinakis G, St Johnston D. A single-molecule localization microscopy method for tissues reveals nonrandom nuclear pore distribution in Drosophila. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs259570. [PMID: 34806753 PMCID: PMC8729783 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) can provide nanoscale resolution in thin samples but has rarely been applied to tissues because of high background from out-of-focus emitters and optical aberrations. Here, we describe a line scanning microscope that provides optical sectioning for SMLM in tissues. Imaging endogenously-tagged nucleoporins and F-actin on this system using DNA- and peptide-point accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography (PAINT) routinely gives 30 nm resolution or better at depths greater than 20 µm. This revealed that the nuclear pores are nonrandomly distributed in most Drosophila tissues, in contrast to what is seen in cultured cells. Lamin Dm0 shows a complementary localization to the nuclear pores, suggesting that it corrals the pores. Furthermore, ectopic expression of the tissue-specific Lamin C causes the nuclear pores to distribute more randomly, whereas lamin C mutants enhance nuclear pore clustering, particularly in muscle nuclei. Given that nucleoporins interact with specific chromatin domains, nuclear pore clustering could regulate local chromatin organization and contribute to the disease phenotypes caused by human lamin A/C laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Cheng
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Edward S. Allgeyer
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Jennifer H. Richens
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Edo Dzafic
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Amandine Palandri
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Bohdan Lewków
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - George Sirinakis
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Daniel St Johnston
- The Gurdon Institute and Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
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9
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The Cytoskeleton and Its Roles in Self-Organization Phenomena: Insights from Xenopus Egg Extracts. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092197. [PMID: 34571847 PMCID: PMC8465277 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Self-organization of and by the cytoskeleton is central to the biology of the cell. Since their introduction in the early 1980s, cytoplasmic extracts derived from the eggs of the African clawed-frog, Xenopus laevis, have flourished as a major experimental system to study the various facets of cytoskeleton-dependent self-organization. Over the years, the many investigations that have used these extracts uniquely benefited from their simplified cell cycle, large experimental volumes, biochemical tractability and cell-free nature. Here, we review the contributions of egg extracts to our understanding of the cytoplasmic aspects of self-organization by the microtubule and the actomyosin cytoskeletons as well as the importance of cytoskeletal filaments in organizing nuclear structure and function.
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10
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Expression of the Ebola Virus VP24 Protein Compromises the Integrity of the Nuclear Envelope and Induces a Laminopathy-Like Cellular Phenotype. mBio 2021; 12:e0097221. [PMID: 34225493 PMCID: PMC8406168 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00972-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) VP24 protein is a nucleocapsid-associated protein that inhibits interferon (IFN) gene expression and counteracts the IFN-mediated antiviral response, preventing nuclear import of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1). Proteomic studies to identify additional EBOV VP24 partners have pointed to the nuclear membrane component emerin as a potential element of the VP24 cellular interactome. Here, we have further studied this interaction and its impact on cell biology. We demonstrate that VP24 interacts with emerin but also with other components of the inner nuclear membrane, such as lamin A/C and lamin B. We also show that VP24 diminishes the interaction between emerin and lamin A/C and compromises the integrity of the nuclear membrane. This disruption is associated with nuclear morphological abnormalities, activation of a DNA damage response, the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and the induction of interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15). Interestingly, expression of VP24 also promoted the cytoplasmic translocation and downmodulation of barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF), a common interactor of lamin A/C and emerin, leading to repression of the BAF-regulated CSF1 gene. Importantly, we found that EBOV infection results in the activation of pathways associated with nuclear envelope damage, consistent with our observations in cells expressing VP24. In summary, here we demonstrate that VP24 acts at the nuclear membrane, causing morphological and functional changes in cells that recapitulate several of the hallmarks of laminopathy diseases.
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11
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Kittisopikul M, Shimi T, Tatli M, Tran JR, Zheng Y, Medalia O, Jaqaman K, Adam SA, Goldman RD. Computational analyses reveal spatial relationships between nuclear pore complexes and specific lamins. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:e202007082. [PMID: 33570570 PMCID: PMC7883741 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202007082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear lamin isoforms form fibrous meshworks associated with nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). Using datasets prepared from subpixel and segmentation analyses of 3D-structured illumination microscopy images of WT and lamin isoform knockout mouse embryo fibroblasts, we determined with high precision the spatial association of NPCs with specific lamin isoform fibers. These relationships are retained in the enlarged lamin meshworks of Lmna-/- and Lmnb1-/- fibroblast nuclei. Cryo-ET observations reveal that the lamin filaments composing the fibers contact the nucleoplasmic ring of NPCs. Knockdown of the ring-associated nucleoporin ELYS induces NPC clusters that exclude lamin A/C fibers but include LB1 and LB2 fibers. Knockdown of the nucleoporin TPR or NUP153 alters the arrangement of lamin fibers and NPCs. Evidence that the number of NPCs is regulated by specific lamin isoforms is presented. Overall the results demonstrate that lamin isoforms and nucleoporins act together to maintain the normal organization of lamin meshworks and NPCs within the nuclear envelope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Kittisopikul
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Takeshi Shimi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Cell Biology Center and World Research Hub Initiative, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Meltem Tatli
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joseph Riley Tran
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yixian Zheng
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ohad Medalia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Khuloud Jaqaman
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Stephen A. Adam
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Robert D. Goldman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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12
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Santos AP, Gaudin V, Mozgová I, Pontvianne F, Schubert D, Tek AL, Dvořáčková M, Liu C, Fransz P, Rosa S, Farrona S. Tidying-up the plant nuclear space: domains, functions, and dynamics. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:5160-5178. [PMID: 32556244 PMCID: PMC8604271 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how the packaging of chromatin in the nucleus is regulated and organized to guide complex cellular and developmental programmes, as well as responses to environmental cues is a major question in biology. Technological advances have allowed remarkable progress within this field over the last years. However, we still know very little about how the 3D genome organization within the cell nucleus contributes to the regulation of gene expression. The nuclear space is compartmentalized in several domains such as the nucleolus, chromocentres, telomeres, protein bodies, and the nuclear periphery without the presence of a membrane around these domains. The role of these domains and their possible impact on nuclear activities is currently under intense investigation. In this review, we discuss new data from research in plants that clarify functional links between the organization of different nuclear domains and plant genome function with an emphasis on the potential of this organization for gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Santos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova
de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Valérie Gaudin
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRAE, AgroParisTech, Université
Paris-Saclay, Versailles, France
| | - Iva Mozgová
- Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České
Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, České
Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Frédéric Pontvianne
- CNRS, Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes (LGDP), Université de
Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France
| | - Daniel Schubert
- Institute for Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ahmet L Tek
- Agricultural Genetic Engineering Department, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir
University, Niğde, Turkey
| | | | - Chang Liu
- Center for Plant Molecular Biology (ZMBP), University of
Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Biology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart,
Germany
| | - Paul Fransz
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Stefanie Rosa
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Farrona
- Plant and AgriBiosciences Centre, Ryan Institute, NUI Galway,
Galway, Ireland
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13
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Fišerová J, Maninová M, Sieger T, Uhlířová J, Šebestová L, Efenberková M, Čapek M, Fišer K, Hozák P. Nuclear pore protein TPR associates with lamin B1 and affects nuclear lamina organization and nuclear pore distribution. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2199-2216. [PMID: 30762072 PMCID: PMC11105453 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03037-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The organization of the nuclear periphery is crucial for many nuclear functions. Nuclear lamins form dense network at the nuclear periphery and play a substantial role in chromatin organization, transcription regulation and in organization of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). Here, we show that TPR, the protein located preferentially within the nuclear baskets of NPCs, associates with lamin B1. The depletion of TPR affects the organization of lamin B1 but not lamin A/C within the nuclear lamina as shown by stimulated emission depletion microscopy. Finally, reduction of TPR affects the distribution of NPCs within the nuclear envelope and the effect can be reversed by simultaneous knock-down of lamin A/C or the overexpression of lamin B1. Our work suggests a novel role for the TPR at the nuclear periphery: the TPR contributes to the organization of the nuclear lamina and in cooperation with lamins guards the interphase assembly of nuclear pore complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindřiška Fišerová
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics CAS, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Miloslava Maninová
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics CAS, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Sieger
- Department of Cybernetics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Uhlířová
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics CAS, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Šebestová
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics CAS, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Efenberková
- Microscopy Centre-LM and EM, Institute of Molecular Genetics CAS, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Čapek
- Microscopy Centre-LM and EM, Institute of Molecular Genetics CAS, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Fišer
- CLIP Laboratories, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol Prague, V Úvalu 84, 150 06, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hozák
- Department of Biology of the Cell Nucleus, Institute of Molecular Genetics CAS, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- Microscopy Centre-LM and EM, Institute of Molecular Genetics CAS, v.v.i., Vídeňská 1083, 142 00, Prague, Czech Republic
- Division BIOCEV, Institute of Molecular Genetics CAS, v.v.i., Průmyslová 595, Vestec, 252 50, Prague, Czech Republic
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14
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Alvarado-Kristensson M, Rosselló CA. The Biology of the Nuclear Envelope and Its Implications in Cancer Biology. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2586. [PMID: 31137762 PMCID: PMC6566445 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The formation of the nuclear envelope and the subsequent compartmentalization of the genome is a defining feature of eukaryotes. Traditionally, the nuclear envelope was purely viewed as a physical barrier to preserve genetic material in eukaryotic cells. However, in the last few decades, it has been revealed to be a critical cellular component in controlling gene expression and has been implicated in several human diseases. In cancer, the relevance of the cell nucleus was first reported in the mid-1800s when an altered nuclear morphology was observed in tumor cells. This review aims to give a current and comprehensive view of the role of the nuclear envelope on cancer first by recapitulating the changes of the nuclear envelope during cell division, second, by reviewing the role of the nuclear envelope in cell cycle regulation, signaling, and the regulation of the genome, and finally, by addressing the nuclear envelope link to cell migration and metastasis and its use in cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alvarado-Kristensson
- Molecular Pathology, Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, 20502 Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Catalina Ana Rosselló
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, University of the Balearic Islands, 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
- Lipopharma Therapeutics, Isaac Newton, 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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15
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Dubińska-Magiera M, Kozioł K, Machowska M, Piekarowicz K, Filipczak D, Rzepecki R. Emerin Is Required for Proper Nucleus Reassembly after Mitosis: Implications for New Pathogenetic Mechanisms for Laminopathies Detected in EDMD1 Patients. Cells 2019; 8:E240. [PMID: 30871242 PMCID: PMC6468536 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerin is an essential LEM (LAP2, Emerin, MAN1) domain protein in metazoans and an integral membrane protein associated with inner and outer nuclear membranes. Mutations in the human EMD gene coding for emerin result in the rare genetic disorder: Emery⁻Dreifuss muscular dystrophy type 1 (EDMD1). This disease belongs to a broader group called laminopathies-a heterogeneous group of rare genetic disorders affecting tissues of mesodermal origin. EDMD1 phenotype is characterized by progressive muscle wasting, contractures of the elbow and Achilles tendons, and cardiac conduction defects. Emerin is involved in many cellular and intranuclear processes through interactions with several partners: lamins; barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF), β-catenin, actin, and tubulin. Our study demonstrates the presence of the emerin fraction which associates with mitotic spindle microtubules and centrosomes during mitosis and colocalizes during early mitosis with lamin A/C, BAF, and membranes at the mitotic spindle. Transfection studies with cells expressing EGFP-emerin protein demonstrate that the emerin fusion protein fraction also localizes to centrosomes and mitotic spindle microtubules during mitosis. Transient expression of emerin deletion mutants revealed that the resulting phenotypes vary and are mutant dependent. The most frequent phenotypes include aberrant nuclear shape, tubulin network mislocalization, aberrant mitosis, and mislocalization of centrosomes. Emerin deletion mutants demonstrated different chromatin binding capacities in an in vitro nuclear assembly assay and chromatin-binding properties correlated with the strength of phenotypic alteration in transfected cells. Aberrant tubulin staining and microtubule network phenotype appearance depended on the presence of the tubulin binding region in the expressed deletion mutants. We believe that the association with tubulin might help to "deliver" emerin and associated membranes to decondensing chromatin. Preliminary analyses of cells from Polish patients with EDMD1 revealed that for several mutations thought to be null for emerin protein, a truncated emerin protein was present. We infer that the EDMD1 phenotype may be strengthened by the toxicity of truncated emerin expressed in patients with certain nonsense mutations in EMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Dubińska-Magiera
- Laboratory of Nuclear Proteins, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
- Department of Animal Developmental Biology, Institute of Experimental Biology, University of Wroclaw, Sienkiewicza 21, 50-335 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Kozioł
- Laboratory of Nuclear Proteins, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Machowska
- Laboratory of Nuclear Proteins, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Piekarowicz
- Laboratory of Nuclear Proteins, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Daria Filipczak
- Laboratory of Nuclear Proteins, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Ryszard Rzepecki
- Laboratory of Nuclear Proteins, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Fryderyka Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
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16
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Dutta S, Bhattacharyya M, Sengupta K. Changes in the Nuclear Envelope in Laminopathies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1112:31-38. [PMID: 30637688 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3065-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Double-membrane-bound nucleus is the major organelle of every metazoan cell, which controls various nuclear processes like chromatin maintenance, DNA replication, transcription and nucleoskeleton-cytoskeleton coupling. Nuclear homeostasis depends on the integrity of nuclear membrane and associated proteins. Lamins, underlying the inner nuclear membrane (INM), play a crucial role in maintaining nuclear homeostasis. In this review, we have focussed on the disruption of nuclear homeostasis due to lamin A/C mutation which produces a plethora of diseases, termed as laminopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subarna Dutta
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Kaushik Sengupta
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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17
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Kim DH, Hah J, Wirtz D. Mechanics of the Cell Nucleus. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1092:41-55. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-95294-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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18
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Mimura Y, Takemoto S, Tachibana T, Ogawa Y, Nishimura M, Yokota H, Imamoto N. A statistical image analysis framework for pore-free islands derived from heterogeneity distribution of nuclear pore complexes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16315. [PMID: 29176624 PMCID: PMC5701208 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16386-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) maintain cellular homeostasis by mediating nucleocytoplasmic transport. Although cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) regulate NPC assembly in interphase, the location of NPC assembly on the nuclear envelope is not clear. CDKs also regulate the disappearance of pore-free islands, which are nuclear envelope subdomains; this subdomain gradually disappears with increase in homogeneity of the NPC in response to CDK activity. However, a causal relationship between pore-free islands and NPC assembly remains unclear. Here, we elucidated mechanisms underlying NPC assembly from a new perspective by focusing on pore-free islands. We proposed a novel framework for image-based analysis to automatically determine the detailed ‘landscape’ of pore-free islands from a large quantity of images, leading to the identification of NPC intermediates that appear in pore-free islands with increased frequency in response to CDK activity. Comparison of the spatial distribution between simulated and the observed NPC intermediates within pore-free islands showed that their distribution was spatially biased. These results suggested that the disappearance of pore-free islands is highly related to de novo NPC assembly and indicated the existence of specific regulatory mechanisms for the spatial arrangement of NPC assembly on nuclear envelopes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satoko Takemoto
- Image Processing Research Team, RIKEN Centre for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, Japan
| | - Taro Tachibana
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yutaka Ogawa
- Cellular Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaomi Nishimura
- Image Processing Research Team, RIKEN Centre for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hideo Yokota
- Image Processing Research Team, RIKEN Centre for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Naoko Imamoto
- Cellular Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan.
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19
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Sellés J, Penrad-Mobayed M, Guillaume C, Fuger A, Auvray L, Faklaris O, Montel F. Nuclear pore complex plasticity during developmental process as revealed by super-resolution microscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14732. [PMID: 29116248 PMCID: PMC5677124 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15433-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear Pore Complex (NPC) is of paramount importance for cellular processes since it is the unique gateway for molecular exchange through the nucleus. Unraveling the modifications of the NPC structure in response to physiological cues, also called nuclear pore plasticity, is key to the understanding of the selectivity of this molecular machinery. As a step towards this goal, we use the optical super-resolution microscopy method called direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (dSTORM), to analyze oocyte development impact on the internal structure and large-scale organization of the NPC. Staining of the FG-Nups proteins and the gp210 proteins allowed us to pinpoint a decrease of the global diameter by measuring the mean diameter of the central channel and the luminal ring of the NPC via autocorrelation image processing. Moreover, by using an angular and radial density function we show that development of the Xenopus laevis oocyte is correlated with a progressive decrease of the density of NPC and an ordering on a square lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Sellés
- Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université Paris Diderot/CNRS (UMR 7057), 75205, Paris, Cedex 13, France
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Diderot/CNRS, UMR 7592, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75205, Paris, CEDEX 13, France
| | - May Penrad-Mobayed
- Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Diderot/CNRS, UMR 7592, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75205, Paris, CEDEX 13, France
| | - Cyndélia Guillaume
- Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université Paris Diderot/CNRS (UMR 7057), 75205, Paris, Cedex 13, France
| | - Alica Fuger
- Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université Paris Diderot/CNRS (UMR 7057), 75205, Paris, Cedex 13, France
| | - Loïc Auvray
- Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université Paris Diderot/CNRS (UMR 7057), 75205, Paris, Cedex 13, France
| | - Orestis Faklaris
- ImagoSeine core facility, Institut Jacques Monod, Université Paris Diderot/CNRS, UMR 7592, 15 rue Hélène Brion, 75205, Paris, CEDEX 13, France
| | - Fabien Montel
- Matière et Systèmes Complexes, Université Paris Diderot/CNRS (UMR 7057), 75205, Paris, Cedex 13, France.
- Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342, Lyon, France.
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20
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The functional versatility of the nuclear pore complex proteins. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 68:2-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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21
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Nuclear pore complex tethers to the cytoskeleton. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 68:52-58. [PMID: 28676424 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear envelope is tethered to the cytoskeleton. The best known attachments of all elements of the cytoskeleton are via the so-called LINC complex. However, the nuclear pore complexes, which mediate the transport of soluble and membrane bound molecules, are also linked to the microtubule network, primarily via motor proteins (dynein and kinesins) which are linked, most importantly, to the cytoplasmic filament protein of the nuclear pore complex, Nup358, by the adaptor BicD2. The evidence for such linkages and possible roles in nuclear migration, cell cycle control, nuclear transport and cell architecture are discussed.
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22
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Hayashi D, Tanabe K, Katsube H, Inoue YH. B-type nuclear lamin and the nuclear pore complex Nup107-160 influences maintenance of the spindle envelope required for cytokinesis in Drosophila male meiosis. Biol Open 2016; 5:1011-21. [PMID: 27402967 PMCID: PMC5004606 DOI: 10.1242/bio.017566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In higher eukaryotes, nuclear envelope (NE) disassembly allows chromatin to condense and spindle microtubules to access kinetochores. The nuclear lamina, which strengthens the NE, is composed of a polymer meshwork made of A- and B-type lamins. We found that the B-type lamin (Lam) is not fully disassembled and continues to localize along the spindle envelope structure during Drosophila male meiosis I, while the A-type lamin (LamC) is completely dispersed throughout the cytoplasm. Among the nuclear pore complex proteins, Nup107 co-localized with Lam during this meiotic division. Surprisingly, Lam depletion resulted in a higher frequency of cytokinesis failure in male meiosis. We also observed the similar meiotic phenotype in Nup107-depleted cells. Abnormal localization of Lam was found in the Nup-depleted cells at premeiotic and meiotic stages. The central spindle microtubules became abnormal and recruitment of a contractile ring component to the cleavage sites was disrupted in Lam-depleted cells and Nup107-depleted cells. Therefore, we speculate that both proteins are required for a reinforcement of the spindle envelope, which supports the formation of central spindle microtubules essential for cytokinesis in Drosophila male meiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hayashi
- Insect Biomedical Research Center, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0962, Japan
| | - Karin Tanabe
- Insect Biomedical Research Center, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0962, Japan
| | - Hiroka Katsube
- Insect Biomedical Research Center, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0962, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro H Inoue
- Insect Biomedical Research Center, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0962, Japan
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23
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Regulation of nuclear shape and size in plants. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2016; 40:114-123. [PMID: 27030912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear shape and size changes have long been used by cytopathologists to diagnose, stage, and prognose cancer. However, the underlying causalities and molecular mechanisms are largely unknown. The current eukaryotic tree of life groups eukaryotes into five supergroups, with all organisms between humans and yeast falling into the supergroup Opisthokonta. The emergence of model organisms with strong molecular genetic methodology in the other supergroups has recently facilitated a broader evolutionary approach to pressing biological questions. Here, we review what is known about the control of nuclear shape and size in the Archaeplastidae, the supergroup containing the higher plants. We discuss common themes as well as differences toward a more generalized model of how eukaryotic organisms regulate nuclear morphology.
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24
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Tran JR, Chen H, Zheng X, Zheng Y. Lamin in inflammation and aging. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2016; 40:124-130. [PMID: 27023494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2016.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aging is characterized by a progressive loss of tissue function and an increased susceptibility to injury and disease. Many age-associated pathologies manifest an inflammatory component, and this has led to the speculation that aging is at least in part caused by some form of inflammation. However, whether or not inflammation is truly a cause of aging, or is a consequence of the aging process is unknown. Recent work using Drosophila has uncovered a mechanism where the progressive loss of lamin-B in the fat body upon aging triggers systemic inflammation. This inflammatory response perturbs the local immune response of the neighboring gut tissue and leads to hyperplasia. Here, we will discuss the literature connecting lamins to aging and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R Tran
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Haiyang Chen
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Xiaobin Zheng
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Yixian Zheng
- Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States.
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25
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Giacomini C, Mahajani S, Ruffilli R, Marotta R, Gasparini L. Lamin B1 protein is required for dendrite development in primary mouse cortical neurons. Mol Biol Cell 2016; 27:35-47. [PMID: 26510501 PMCID: PMC4694760 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-05-0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamin B1, a key component of the nuclear lamina, plays an important role in brain development and function. A duplication of the human lamin B1 (LMNB1) gene has been linked to adult-onset autosomal dominant leukodystrophy, and mouse and human loss-of-function mutations in lamin B1 are susceptibility factors for neural tube defects. In the mouse, experimental ablation of endogenous lamin B1 (Lmnb1) severely impairs embryonic corticogenesis. Here we report that in primary mouse cortical neurons, LMNB1 overexpression reduces axonal outgrowth, whereas deficiency of endogenous Lmnb1 results in aberrant dendritic development. In the absence of Lmnb1, both the length and complexity of dendrites are reduced, and their growth is unresponsive to KCl stimulation. This defective dendritic outgrowth stems from impaired ERK signaling. In Lmnb1-null neurons, ERK is correctly phosphorylated, but phospho-ERK fails to translocate to the nucleus, possibly due to delocalization of nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) at the nuclear envelope. Taken together, these data highlight a previously unrecognized role of lamin B1 in dendrite development of mouse cortical neurons through regulation of nuclear shuttling of specific signaling molecules and NPC distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Giacomini
- Molecular Neurodegeneration Lab, Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Department, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Sameehan Mahajani
- Molecular Neurodegeneration Lab, Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Department, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberta Ruffilli
- Electron Microscopy Lab, Nanochemistry Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Marotta
- Electron Microscopy Lab, Nanochemistry Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Gasparini
- Molecular Neurodegeneration Lab, Neuroscience and Brain Technologies Department, 16163 Genoa, Italy
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26
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Popken J, Schmid VJ, Strauss A, Guengoer T, Wolf E, Zakhartchenko V. Stage-dependent remodeling of the nuclear envelope and lamina during rabbit early embryonic development. J Reprod Dev 2015; 62:127-35. [PMID: 26640117 PMCID: PMC4848569 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2015-100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Utilizing 3D structured illumination microscopy, we investigated the quality and quantity of nuclear
invaginations and the distribution of nuclear pores during rabbit early embryonic development and identified
the exact time point of nucleoporin 153 (NUP153) association with chromatin during mitosis. Contrary to bovine
early embryonic nuclei, featuring almost exclusively nuclear invaginations containing a small volume of
cytoplasm, nuclei in rabbit early embryonic stages show additionally numerous invaginations containing a large
volume of cytoplasm. Small-volume invaginations frequently emanated from large-volume nuclear invaginations
but not vice versa, indicating a different underlying mechanism. Large- and small-volume
nuclear envelope invaginations required the presence of chromatin, as they were restricted to
chromatin-positive areas. The chromatin-free contact areas between nucleolar precursor bodies (NPBs) and
large-volume invaginations were free of nuclear pores. Small-volume invaginations were not in contact with
NPBs. The number of invaginations and isolated intranuclear vesicles per nucleus peaked at the 4-cell stage.
At this stage, the nuclear surface showed highly concentrated clusters of nuclear pores surrounded by areas
free of nuclear pores. Isolated intranuclear lamina vesicles were usually NUP153 negative. Cytoplasmic,
randomly distributed NUP153-positive clusters were highly abundant at the zygote stage and decreased in number
until they were almost absent at the 8-cell stage and later. These large NUP153 clusters may represent a
maternally provided NUP153 deposit, but they were not visible as clusters during mitosis. Major genome
activation at the 8- to 16-cell stage may mark the switch from a necessity for a deposit to on-demand
production. NUP153 association with chromatin is initiated during metaphase before the initiation of the
regeneration of the lamina. To our knowledge, the present study demonstrates for the first time major
remodeling of the nuclear envelope and its underlying lamina during rabbit preimplantation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Popken
- Division of Anthropology and Human Genetics, Biocenter, LMU Munich, D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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27
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Abstract
Recent studies show that nuclear lamins, the type V intermediate filament proteins, are required for proper building of at least some organs. As the major structural components of the nuclear lamina found underneath the inner nuclear membranes, lamins are ubiquitously expressed in all animal cells. How the broadly expressed lamins support the building of specific tissues is not understood. By studying Drosophila testis, we have uncovered a mechanism by which lamin-B functions in the cyst stem cell (CySC) and its differentiated cyst cell, the cell types known to form the niche/microenvironment for the germline stem cells (GSC) and the developing germ line, to ensure testis organogenesis (1). In this extra view, we discuss some remaining questions and the implications of our findings in the understanding of how the ubiquitous nuclear lamina regulates tissue building in a context-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Chen
- a Department of Embryology; Carnegie Institution for Science; Baltimore, MD USA
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28
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Schellhaus AK, De Magistris P, Antonin W. Nuclear Reformation at the End of Mitosis. J Mol Biol 2015; 428:1962-85. [PMID: 26423234 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cells have developed highly sophisticated ways to accurately pass on their genetic information to the daughter cells. In animal cells, which undergo open mitosis, the nuclear envelope breaks down at the beginning of mitosis and the chromatin massively condenses to be captured and segregated by the mitotic spindle. These events have to be reverted in order to allow the reformation of a nucleus competent for DNA transcription and replication, as well as all other nuclear processes occurring in interphase. Here, we summarize our current knowledge of how, in animal cells, the highly compacted mitotic chromosomes are decondensed at the end of mitosis and how a nuclear envelope, including functional nuclear pore complexes, reassembles around these decondensing chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paola De Magistris
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Spemannstrasse 39, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wolfram Antonin
- Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, Spemannstrasse 39, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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29
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Guo Y, Zheng Y. Lamins position the nuclear pores and centrosomes by modulating dynein. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:3379-89. [PMID: 26246603 PMCID: PMC4591684 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e15-07-0482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear lamins counterbalance dynein forces on nuclear pore complexes through BICD2 and ensure even nuclear pore complex distribution and proper centrosome separation at prophase. Lamins, the type V nuclear intermediate filament proteins, are reported to function in both interphase and mitosis. For example, lamin deletion in various cell types can lead to an uneven distribution of the nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) in the interphase nuclear envelope, whereas deletion of B-type lamins results in spindle orientation defects in mitotic neural progenitor cells. How lamins regulate these functions is unknown. Using mouse cells deleted of different combinations or all lamins, we show that lamins are required to prevent the aggregation of NPCs in the nuclear envelope near centrosomes in late G2 and prophase. This asymmetric NPC distribution in the absence of lamins is caused by dynein forces acting on NPCs via the dynein adaptor BICD2. We further show that asymmetric NPC distribution upon lamin depletion disrupts the distribution of BICD2 and p150 dynactin on the nuclear envelope at prophase, which results in inefficient dynein-driven centrosome separation during prophase. Therefore lamins regulate microtubule-based motor forces in vivo to ensure proper NPC distribution in interphase and centrosome separation in the mitotic prophase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Guo
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218
| | - Yixian Zheng
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218; Department of Embryology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Baltimore, MD 21218
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30
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Abstract
Gradual loss of tissue function (or homeostasis) is a natural process of aging and is believed to cause many age-associated diseases. In human epidemiology studies, the low-grade and chronic systemic inflammation in elderly has been correlated with the development of aging related pathologies. Although it is suspected that tissue decline is related to systemic inflammation, the cause and consequence of these aging phenomena are poorly understood. By studying the Drosophila fat body and gut, we have uncovered a mechanism by which lamin-B loss in the fat body upon aging induces age-associated systemic inflammation. This chronic inflammation results in the repression of gut local immune response, which in turn leads to the over-proliferation and mis-differentiation of the intestinal stem cells, thereby resulting in gut hyperplasia. Here we discuss the implications and remaining questions in light of our published findings and new observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Chen
- a Department of Embryology; Carnegie Institution for Science ; Baltimore , MD , USA
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31
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Tamura K, Goto C, Hara-Nishimura I. Recent advances in understanding plant nuclear envelope proteins involved in nuclear morphology. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:1641-7. [PMID: 25711706 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) is a fundamental structure of the nucleus and plays an important role in nuclear morphology through the strict regulation of NE protein function. Beyond its physical barrier function between nucleoplasm and cytoplasm, recent studies of the plant NE have provided novel insights into basic aspects of nuclear morphology as well as cellular organization. In this review, we focus on plant NE proteins that have emerged from recent studies in nuclear morphology, and we discuss their physiological functions in cellular activities. A better understanding of the NE protein functions should provide key insights into the physiological significance of proper nuclear structure in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Tamura
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Chieko Goto
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ikuko Hara-Nishimura
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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32
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Zhou X, Graumann K, Meier I. The plant nuclear envelope as a multifunctional platform LINCed by SUN and KASH. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:1649-59. [PMID: 25740919 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) is a double membrane system enclosing the genome of eukaryotes. Besides nuclear pore proteins, which form channels at the NE, nuclear membranes are populated by a collection of NE proteins that perform various cellular functions. However, in contrast to well-conserved nuclear pore proteins, known NE proteins share little homology between opisthokonts and plants. Recent studies on NE protein complexes formed by Sad1/UNC-84 (SUN) and Klarsicht/ANC-1/Syne-1 Homology (KASH) proteins have advanced our understanding of plant NE proteins and revealed their function in anchoring other proteins at the NE, nuclear shape determination, nuclear positioning, anti-pathogen defence, root development, and meiotic chromosome organization. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of plant SUN, KASH, and other related NE proteins, and compare their function with the opisthokont counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhou
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Katja Graumann
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Headington Campus, Oxford OX3 OBP, UK
| | - Iris Meier
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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33
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Phosphoinositide 3-kinase beta protects nuclear envelope integrity by controlling RCC1 localization and Ran activity. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 35:249-63. [PMID: 25348717 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01184-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) forms a barrier between the nucleus and the cytosol that preserves genomic integrity. The nuclear lamina and nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are NE components that regulate nuclear events through interaction with other proteins and DNA. Defects in the nuclear lamina are associated with the development of laminopathies. As cells depleted of phosphoinositide 3-kinase beta (PI3Kβ) showed an aberrant nuclear morphology, we studied the contribution of PI3Kβ to maintenance of NE integrity. pik3cb depletion reduced the nuclear membrane tension, triggered formation of areas of lipid bilayer/lamina discontinuity, and impaired NPC assembly. We show that one mechanism for PI3Kβ regulation of NE/NPC integrity is its association with RCC1 (regulator of chromosome condensation 1), the activator of nuclear Ran GTPase. PI3Kβ controls RCC1 binding to chromatin and, in turn, Ran activation. These findings suggest that PI3Kβ regulates the nuclear envelope through upstream regulation of RCC1 and Ran.
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34
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Abstract
For over two decades, B-type lamins were thought to have roles in fundamental processes including correct assembly of nuclear envelopes, DNA replication, transcription and cell survival. Recent studies have questioned these roles and have instead emphasised the role of these proteins in tissue building and tissue integrity, particularly in tissues devoid of A-type lamins. Other studies have suggested that the expression of B-type lamins in somatic cells influences the rate of entry into states of cellular senescence. In humans duplication of the LMNB1 gene (encoding lamin B1) causes an adult onset neurodegenerative disorder, termed autosomal dominant leukodystrophy, whilst very recently, LMNB1 has been implicated as a susceptibility gene in neural tube defects. This is consistent with studies in mice that reveal a critical role for B-type lamins in neuronal migration and brain development. In this review, I will consider how different model systems have contributed to our understanding of the functions of B-type lamins and which of those functions are critical for human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Hutchison
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom.
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35
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Yasuhara H, Kitamoto K. Aphidicolin-induced nuclear elongation in tobacco BY-2 cells. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 55:913-27. [PMID: 24492257 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcu026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plant nuclei are known to differentiate into various shapes within a single plant. However, little is known about the mechanisms of nuclear morphogenesis. We found that nuclei of tobacco BY-2 cells were highly elongated on long-term treatment with 5 mg l⁻¹ aphidicolin, an inhibitor of DNA polymerase α. In aphidicolin-treated cells, the nuclear length was correlated with the cell length. During culture in the presence of aphidicolin, the nuclei were elongated in parallel with cell elongation. Nuclear elongation was inhibited by the inhibition of cell elongation with 2,6-dichlorobenzonitrile, a cellulose synthesis inhibitor. However, cell elongation induced in the auxin-depleted medium in the absence of aphidicolin did not cause nuclear elongation, indicating that cell elongation alone is not sufficient for nuclear elongation. Treatment with either latrunculin B or propyzamide inhibited the aphidicolin-induced nuclear elongation, indicating that both actin filaments and microtubules (MTs) are required for nuclear elongation. Observations using BY-YTHCLR2 cells, in which actin filaments, MTs and nuclei were simultaneously visualized, revealed that the longitudinally arranged MT bundles associated with the nucleus play an important role in nuclear elongation, and that actin filaments affect the formation of these MT bundles. In aphidicolin-treated cells, the nuclear DNA contents of the elongated nuclei exceeded 4C, and the nuclear length was highly correlated with the nuclear DNA content. In cells treated with 50 mg l⁻¹ aphidicolin, cells were elongated and nucleus-associated longitudinal MT bundles were formed, but the nuclear DNA contents did not exceed 4C and the nuclei did not elongate. These results indicate that an increase in the nuclear DNA content above 4C is also required for nuclear elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Yasuhara
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka, 564-8680 Japan
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36
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Goto C, Tamura K, Fukao Y, Shimada T, Hara-Nishimura I. The Novel Nuclear Envelope Protein KAKU4 Modulates Nuclear Morphology in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:2143-2155. [PMID: 24824484 PMCID: PMC4079374 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.113.122168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In animals, the nuclear lamina is a fibrillar meshwork on the inner surface of the nuclear envelope, composed of coiled-coil lamin proteins and lamin binding membrane proteins. Plants also have a meshwork on the inner surface of the nuclear envelope, but little is known about its composition other than the presence of members of the CROWDED NUCLEI (CRWN) protein family, possible plant lamin analogs. Here, we describe a candidate lamina component, based on two Arabidopsis thaliana mutants (kaku2 and kaku4) with aberrant nuclear morphology. The responsible gene in kaku2 encodes CRWN1, and the responsible gene in kaku4 encodes a plant-specific protein of unknown function (KAKU4) that physically interacts with CRWN1 and its homolog CRWN4. Immunogold labeling revealed that KAKU4 localizes at the inner nuclear membrane. KAKU4 deforms the nuclear envelope in a dose-dependent manner, in association with nuclear membrane invagination and stack formation. The KAKU4-dependent nuclear envelope deformation was enhanced by overaccumulation of CRWN1, although KAKU4 can deform the nuclear envelope even in the absence of CRWN1 and/or CRWN4. Together, these results suggest that plants have evolved a unique lamina-like structure to modulate nuclear shape and size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieko Goto
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tamura
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Fukao
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma 630-0192, Japan
| | - Tomoo Shimada
- Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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37
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The nuclear lamina regulates germline stem cell niche organization via modulation of EGFR signaling. Cell Stem Cell 2014; 13:73-86. [PMID: 23827710 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2013.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Revised: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell niche interactions have been studied extensively with regard to cell polarity and extracellular signaling. Less is known about the way in which signals and polarity cues integrate with intracellular structures to ensure appropriate niche organization and function. Here, we report that nuclear lamins function in the cyst stem cells (CySCs) of Drosophila testes to control the interaction of CySCs with the hub. This interaction is important for regulation of CySC differentiation and organization of the niche that supports the germline stem cells (GSCs). Lamin promotes nuclear retention of phosphorylated ERK in the CySC lineage by regulating the distribution of specific nucleoporins within the nuclear pores. Lamin-regulated nuclear epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor signaling in the CySC lineage is essential for proliferation and differentiation of the GSCs and the transient amplifying germ cells. Thus, we have uncovered a role for the nuclear lamina in the integration of EGF signaling to regulate stem cell niche function.
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38
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Ciska M, Moreno Díaz de la Espina S. The intriguing plant nuclear lamina. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:166. [PMID: 24808902 PMCID: PMC4010787 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear lamina is a complex protein mesh attached to the inner nuclear membrane (INM), which is also associated with nuclear pore complexes. It provides mechanical support to the nucleus and nuclear envelope, and as well as facilitating the connection of the nucleoskeleton to the cytoskeleton, it is also involved in chromatin organization, gene regulation, and signaling. In metazoans, the nuclear lamina consists of a polymeric layer of lamins and other interacting proteins responsible for its association with the INM and chromatin. In plants, field emission scanning electron microscopy of nuclei, and thin section transmission electron microscopy of isolated nucleoskeletons, reveals the lamina to have a similar structure to that of metazoans. Moreover, although plants lack lamin genes and the genes encoding most lamin-binding proteins, the main functions of the lamina are fulfilled in plants. Hence, it would appear that the plant lamina is not based on lamins and that other proteins substitute for lamins in plant cells. The nuclear matrix constituent proteins are the best characterized structural proteins in the plant lamina. Although these proteins do not display strong sequence similarity to lamins, their predicted secondary structure and sub-nuclear distribution, as well as their influence on nuclear size and shape, and on heterochromatin organization, suggest they could be functional lamin analogs. In this review we shall summarize what is currently known about the organization and composition of the plant nuclear lamina and its interacting complexes, and we will discuss the activity of this structure in the plant cell and its nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susana Moreno Díaz de la Espina
- *Correspondence: Susana Moreno Díaz de la Espina, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biological Research Centre – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain e-mail:
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39
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Takagi M, Imamoto N. Control of nuclear size by NPC proteins. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 773:571-91. [PMID: 24563366 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-8032-8_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The architecture of the cell nucleus in cancer cells is often altered in a manner associated with the tumor type and aggressiveness. Therefore, it has been the central criterion in the pathological diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. However, the molecular mechanism behind these observed changes in nuclear morphology, including size, remains completely unknown. Based on our current understanding of the physiology of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) and its constituents, which are collectively referred to as nucleoporins (Nups), we discuss how the structural and functional ablation of the NPC and Nups could directly or indirectly contribute to the changes in nuclear size observed in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masatoshi Takagi
- Cellular Dynamics Laboratory, RIKEN, WAKO, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan,
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40
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Sakamoto Y, Takagi S. LITTLE NUCLEI 1 and 4 regulate nuclear morphology in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 54:622-33. [PMID: 23396599 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The morphology of plant nuclei varies among different species, organs, tissues and cell types. However, mechanisms and factors involved in the maintenance of nuclear morphology are poorly understood. Because nuclei retain their shapes even after cytoskeletal inhibitor treatments both in vivo and in vitro, we assumed involvement of the nuclear lamina, which plays a critical role in the regulation of nuclear morphology in animals. The crude nuclear lamina fraction isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana leaves was analyzed by mass spectrometry, and putative nuclear lamina proteins were identified. Among their T-DNA insertion lines, nuclei of little nuclei1 (linc1) and linc4 disruptants were more spherical than those of wild-type plants. Because A. thaliana harbors four LINC genes, we prepared all single and linc1/4 and linc2/3 double disruptants. In leaf epidermal cells, the circularity index of the nucleus in all linc disruptants except linc3 was significantly higher than that in the wild-type plants. The extent of the effects of LINC1 and/or LINC4 disruption was significantly higher than that of the effects of LINC2 disruption. The nuclear area was significantly smaller in the linc1, linc4 and linc1/4 disruptants than in the wild-type plants. Regardless of the defects in nuclear morphology, all linc disruptants exhibited a normal ploidy level. In interphase cells, LINC1 and LINC4 were mainly localized to the nuclear periphery, whereas LINC2 was in the nucleoplasm and LINC3 was detected in both regions. From prometaphase to anaphase in mitotic root tip cells, LINC1 was co-localized with chromosomes, whereas other LINCs were dispersed in the cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Sakamoto
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Machikaneyama-cho 1-1, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043 Japan.
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41
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Abstract
The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is the sole gateway between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. NPCs fuse the inner and outer nuclear membranes to form aqueous translocation channels that allow the free diffusion of small molecules and ions, as well as receptor-mediated transport of large macromolecules. The NPC regulates nucleocytoplasmic transport of macromolecules, utilizing soluble receptors that identify and present cargo to the NPC, in a highly selective manner to maintain cellular functions. The NPC is composed of multiple copies of approximately 30 different proteins, termed nucleoporins, which assemble to form one of the largest multiprotein assemblies in the cell. In this review, we address structural and functional aspects of this fundamental cellular machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Einat Grossman
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben Gurion University, Beersheva 84105, Israel
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Yee Ho
- Cornell University, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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43
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Steinberg G, Schuster M, Theisen U, Kilaru S, Forge A, Martin-Urdiroz M. Motor-driven motility of fungal nuclear pores organizes chromosomes and fosters nucleocytoplasmic transport. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 198:343-55. [PMID: 22851316 PMCID: PMC3413351 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201201087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exchange between the nucleus and the cytoplasm is controlled by nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). In animals, NPCs are anchored by the nuclear lamina, which ensures their even distribution and proper organization of chromosomes. Fungi do not possess a lamina and how they arrange their chromosomes and NPCs is unknown. Here, we show that motor-driven motility of NPCs organizes the fungal nucleus. In Ustilago maydis, Aspergillus nidulans, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae fluorescently labeled NPCs showed ATP-dependent movements at ~1.0 µm/s. In S. cerevisiae and U. maydis, NPC motility prevented NPCs from clustering. In budding yeast, NPC motility required F-actin, whereas in U. maydis, microtubules, kinesin-1, and dynein drove pore movements. In the latter, pore clustering resulted in chromatin organization defects and led to a significant reduction in both import and export of GFP reporter proteins. This suggests that fungi constantly rearrange their NPCs and corresponding chromosomes to ensure efficient nuclear transport and thereby overcome the need for a structural lamina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gero Steinberg
- School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QD, England, UK.
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44
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Neumann LC, Markaki Y, Mladenov E, Hoffmann D, Buiting K, Horsthemke B. The imprinted NPAP1/C15orf2 gene in the Prader-Willi syndrome region encodes a nuclear pore complex associated protein. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:4038-48. [PMID: 22694955 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) region in 15q11q13 harbours a cluster of imprinted genes expressed from the paternal chromosome only. Whereas loss of function of the SNORD116 genes appears to be responsible for the major features of PWS, the role of the other genes is less clear. One of these genes is C15orf2, which has no orthologues in rodents, but appears to be under strong positive selection in primates. C15orf2 encodes a 1156 amino acid protein with six nuclear localisation sequences. By protein BLAST analysis and InterProScan signature recognition search, we found sequence similarity of C15orf2 to the nuclear pore complex (NPC) protein POM121. To determine whether C15orf2 is located at nuclear pores, we generated a stable cell line that inducibly expresses FLAG-tagged C15orf2 and performed immunocytochemical studies. We found that C15orf2 is present at the nuclear periphery, where it colocalizes with NPCs and nuclear lamins. At very high expression levels, we observed invaginations of the nuclear envelope. Extending these observations to three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy, which achieves an 8-fold improved volumetric resolution over conventional imaging, we saw that C15orf2 is located at the inner face of the nuclear envelope where it strongly associates with the NPC. In nuclear envelope isolation and fractionation experiments, we detected C15orf2 in the NPC and lamina fractions. These experiments for the first time demonstrate that C15orf2 is part of the NPC or its associated molecular networks. Based on our findings, we propose 'Nuclear pore associated protein 1' as the new name for C15orf2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa C Neumann
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany
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45
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Tamura K, Hara-Nishimura I. Involvement of the nuclear pore complex in morphology of the plant nucleus. Nucleus 2012; 2:168-72. [PMID: 21818409 DOI: 10.4161/nucl.2.3.16175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Trafficking between the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm occurs through the nuclear pore complex (NPC), which consists of large multiprotein complexes. Over the last several years, major progress has been made in both structural determination of the entire assembly of the NPC in yeast and animal cells. By contrast, the plant NPC has long been neglected. Components of the NPC in Arabidopsis thaliana have been identified recently using an interactive proteomic approach. The Arabidopsis nucleoporins are homologous to human nucleoporins, except for a single protein called Nup136. Nup136 is involved in flowering and pollen development, suggesting that Nup136 plays a physiological role in plant reproduction. Nup136 also regulates morphology of the nucleus. Overexpression of Nup136-GFP was found to induce elongation of nuclei in various tissues, whereas deficiency of Nup136 caused a reduction in the size of nuclei. Nup136 is thought to be a functional homolog to animal Nup153, although they have no sequence homology. The mechanism underlying the regulation of nuclear morphology by Nup136, which is thought to be unique to higher plants, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Tamura
- Department of Botany, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Japan
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46
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Clever M, Funakoshi T, Mimura Y, Takagi M, Imamoto N. The nucleoporin ELYS/Mel28 regulates nuclear envelope subdomain formation in HeLa cells. Nucleus 2012; 3:187-99. [PMID: 22555603 PMCID: PMC3383574 DOI: 10.4161/nucl.19595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In open mitosis the nuclear envelope (NE) reassembles at the end of each mitosis. This process involves the reformation of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), the inner and outer nuclear membranes, and the nuclear lamina. In human cells cell cycle-dependent NE subdomains exist, characterized as A-type lamin-rich/NPC-free or B-type lamin-rich/NPC-rich, which are initially formed as core or noncore regions on mitotic chromosomes, respectively. Although postmitotic NE formation has been extensively studied, little is known about the coordination of NPC and NE assembly. Here, we report that the nucleoporin ELYS/Mel28, which is crucial for postmitotic NPC formation, is essential for recruiting the lamin B receptor (LBR) to the chromosomal noncore region. Furthermore, ELYS/Mel28 is responsible for focusing of A-type lamin-binding proteins like emerin, Lap2α and the barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF) at the chromosomal core region. ELYS/Mel28 biochemically interacts with the LBR in a phosphorylation-dependent manner. Recruitment of the LBR depends on the nucleoporin Nup107, which interacts with ELYS/Mel28 but not on nucleoporin Pom121, suggesting that the specific molecular interactions with ELYS/Mel28 are involved in the NE assembly at the noncore region. The depletion of the LBR affected neither the behavior of emerin nor Lap2α indicating that the recruitment of the LBR to mitotic chromosomes is not involved in formation of the core region. The depletion of ELYS/Mel28 also accelerates the entry into cytokinesis after recruitment of emerin to chromosomes. Our data show that ELYS/Mel28 plays a role in NE subdomain formation in late mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Clever
- Cellular Dynamics Laboratory; Riken Advanced Science Institute; Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Funakoshi
- Cellular Dynamics Laboratory; Riken Advanced Science Institute; Saitama, Japan
- Live-Cell Molecular Imaging Research Team; Riken Advanced Science Institute; Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Mimura
- Cellular Dynamics Laboratory; Riken Advanced Science Institute; Saitama, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Takagi
- Cellular Dynamics Laboratory; Riken Advanced Science Institute; Saitama, Japan
| | - Naoko Imamoto
- Cellular Dynamics Laboratory; Riken Advanced Science Institute; Saitama, Japan
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47
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Abstract
Because of the association between aberrant nuclear structure and tumour grade, nuclear morphology is an indispensible criterion in the current pathological assessment of cancer. Components of the nuclear envelope environment have central roles in many aspects of cell function that affect tumour development and progression. As the roles of the nuclear envelope components, including nuclear pore complexes and nuclear lamina, are being deciphered in molecular detail there are opportunities to harness this knowledge for cancer therapeutics and biomarker development. In this Review, we summarize the progress that has been made in our understanding of the nuclear envelope and the implications of changes in this environment for cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin-Hoe Chow
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112, USA
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48
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Abstract
The evolution of the nucleus, the defining feature of eukaryotic cells, was long shrouded in speculation and mystery. There is now strong evidence that nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) and nuclear membranes coevolved with the endomembrane system, and that the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA) had fully functional NPCs. Recent studies have identified many components of the nuclear envelope in living Opisthokonts, the eukaryotic supergroup that includes fungi and metazoan animals. These components include diverse chromatin-binding membrane proteins, and membrane proteins with adhesive lumenal domains that may have contributed to the evolution of nuclear membrane architecture. Further discoveries about the nucleoskeleton suggest that the evolution of nuclear structure was tightly coupled to genome partitioning during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine L Wilson
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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49
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Grossman E, Dahan I, Stick R, Goldberg MW, Gruenbaum Y, Medalia O. Filaments assembly of ectopically expressed Caenorhabditis elegans lamin within Xenopus oocytes. J Struct Biol 2012; 177:113-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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50
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Simon DN, Wilson KL. The nucleoskeleton as a genome-associated dynamic 'network of networks'. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2011; 12:695-708. [PMID: 21971041 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the cytosol, actin polymers, intermediate filaments and microtubules can anchor to cell surface adhesions and interlink to form intricate networks. This cytoskeleton is anchored to the nucleus through LINC (links the nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton) complexes that span the nuclear envelope and in turn anchor to networks of filaments in the nucleus. The metazoan nucleoskeleton includes nuclear pore-linked filaments, A-type and B-type lamin intermediate filaments, nuclear mitotic apparatus (NuMA) networks, spectrins, titin, 'unconventional' polymers of actin and at least ten different myosin and kinesin motors. These elements constitute a poorly understood 'network of networks' that dynamically reorganizes during mitosis and is responsible for genome organization and integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan N Simon
- Department of Cell Biology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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