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Zanini E, Forster-Gross N, Bachmann F, Brüngger A, McSheehy P, Litherland K, Burger K, Groner AC, Roceri M, Bury L, Stieger M, Willemsen-Seegers N, de Man J, Vu-Pham D, van Riel HWE, Zaman GJR, Buijsman RC, Kellenberger L, Lane HA. Dual TTK/PLK1 inhibition has potent anticancer activity in TNBC as monotherapy and in combination. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1447807. [PMID: 39184047 PMCID: PMC11341980 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1447807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Threonine tyrosine kinase (TTK) and polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) are common essential kinases that collaborate in activating the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) at the kinetochore, ensuring appropriate chromosome alignment and segregation prior to mitotic exit. Targeting of either TTK or PLK1 has been clinically evaluated in cancer patients; however, dual inhibitors have not yet been pursued. Here we present the in vitro and in vivo characterization of a first in class, dual TTK/PLK1 inhibitor (BAL0891). Methods Mechanism of action studies utilized biochemical kinase and proteomics-based target-engagement assays. Cellular end-point assays included immunoblot- and flow cytometry-based cell cycle analyses and SAC integrity evaluation using immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence approaches. Anticancer activity was assessed in vitro using cell growth assays and efficacy was evaluated, alone and in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin, using mouse models of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Results BAL0891 elicits a prolonged effect on TTK, with a transient activity on PLK1. This unique profile potentiates SAC disruption, forcing tumor cells to aberrantly exit mitosis with faster kinetics than observed with a TTK-specific inhibitor. Broad anti-proliferative activity was demonstrated across solid tumor cell lines in vitro. Moreover, intermittent intravenous single-agent BAL0891 treatment of the MDA-MB-231 mouse model of TNBC induced profound tumor regressions associated with prolonged TTK and transient PLK1 in-tumor target occupancy. Furthermore, differential tumor responses across a panel of thirteen TNBC patient-derived xenograft models indicated profound anticancer activity in a subset (~40%). Using a flexible dosing approach, pathologically confirmed cures were observed in combination with paclitaxel, whereas synergy with carboplatin was schedule dependent. Conclusions Dual TTK/PLK1 inhibition represents a novel approach for the treatment of human cancer, including TNBC patients, with a potential for potent anticancer activity and a favorable therapeutic index. Moreover, combination approaches may provide an avenue to expand responsive patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Zanini
- Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | - Felix Bachmann
- Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Adrian Brüngger
- Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Paul McSheehy
- Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | - Karin Burger
- Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Anna C. Groner
- Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Mila Roceri
- Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Luc Bury
- Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - Martin Stieger
- Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | | | - Jos de Man
- Crossfire Oncology B.V., Oss, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Heidi A. Lane
- Basilea Pharmaceutica International Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
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2
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Liang C, Zhou Y, Xin L, Kang K, Tian L, Zhang D, Li H, Zhao Q, Gao H, Shi Z. Hijacking monopolar spindle 1 (MPS1) for various cancer types by small molecular inhibitors: Deep insights from a decade of research and patents. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 273:116504. [PMID: 38795520 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Monopolar spindle 1 (MPS1) has garnered significant attention due to its pivotal role in regulating the cell cycle. Anomalous expression and hyperactivation of MPS1 have been associated with the onset and advancement of diverse cancers, positioning it as a promising target for therapeutic interventions. This review focuses on MPS1 small molecule inhibitors from the past decade, exploring design strategies, structure-activity relationships (SAR), safety considerations, and clinical performance. Notably, we propose prospects for MPS1 degraders based on proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs), as well as reversible covalent bonding as innovative MPS1 inhibitor design strategies. The objective is to provide valuable information for future development and novel perspectives on potential MPS1 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengyuan Liang
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China; Key Laboratory for Antiviral and Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Research of Xi'an, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Ying Zhou
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China; Key Laboratory for Antiviral and Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Research of Xi'an, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Liang Xin
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China; Key Laboratory for Antiviral and Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Research of Xi'an, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Kairui Kang
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China; Key Laboratory for Antiviral and Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Research of Xi'an, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Key Laboratory for Antiviral and Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Research of Xi'an, Xi'an, 710021, China; College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science& Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Dezhu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Antiviral and Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Research of Xi'an, Xi'an, 710021, China; Shaanxi Panlong Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710025, China
| | - Han Li
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China; Shaanxi Pioneer Biotech Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710082, China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China; Key Laboratory for Antiviral and Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Research of Xi'an, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Hong Gao
- Key Laboratory for Antiviral and Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria Research of Xi'an, Xi'an, 710021, China; Shaanxi Pioneer Biotech Co., Ltd., Xi'an, 710082, China
| | - Zhenfeng Shi
- Department of Urology Surgery Center, The People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830002, China
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3
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Aktar K, Davies T, Leontiou I, Clark I, Spanos C, Wallace E, Tuck L, Jeyaprakash AA, Hardwick KG. Conserved signalling functions for Mps1, Mad1 and Mad2 in the Cryptococcus neoformans spindle checkpoint. PLoS Genet 2024; 20:e1011302. [PMID: 38829899 PMCID: PMC11175454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1011302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic, human fungal pathogen which undergoes fascinating switches in cell cycle control and ploidy when it encounters stressful environments such as the human lung. Here we carry out a mechanistic analysis of the spindle checkpoint which regulates the metaphase to anaphase transition, focusing on Mps1 kinase and the downstream checkpoint components Mad1 and Mad2. We demonstrate that Cryptococcus mad1Δ or mad2Δ strains are unable to respond to microtubule perturbations, continuing to re-bud and divide, and die as a consequence. Fluorescent tagging of Chromosome 3, using a lacO array and mNeonGreen-lacI fusion protein, demonstrates that mad mutants are unable to maintain sister-chromatid cohesion in the absence of microtubule polymers. Thus, the classic checkpoint functions of the SAC are conserved in Cryptococcus. In interphase, GFP-Mad1 is enriched at the nuclear periphery, and it is recruited to unattached kinetochores in mitosis. Purification of GFP-Mad1 followed by mass spectrometric analysis of associated proteins show that it forms a complex with Mad2 and that it interacts with other checkpoint signalling components (Bub1) and effectors (Cdc20 and APC/C sub-units) in mitosis. We also demonstrate that overexpression of Mps1 kinase is sufficient to arrest Cryptococcus cells in mitosis, and show that this arrest is dependent on both Mad1 and Mad2. We find that a C-terminal fragment of Mad1 is an effective in vitro substrate for Mps1 kinase and map several Mad1 phosphorylation sites. Some sites are highly conserved within the C-terminal Mad1 structure and we demonstrate that mutation of threonine 667 (T667A) leads to loss of checkpoint signalling and abrogation of the GAL-MPS1 arrest. Thus Mps1-dependent phosphorylation of C-terminal Mad1 residues is a critical step in Cryptococcus spindle checkpoint signalling. We conclude that CnMps1 protein kinase, Mad1 and Mad2 proteins have all conserved their important, spindle checkpoint signalling roles helping ensure high fidelity chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koly Aktar
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Davies
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ioanna Leontiou
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan Clark
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Christos Spanos
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Wallace
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Tuck
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - A. Arockia Jeyaprakash
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- Gene Center, Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig Maximilians Universitat, Munich, Germany
| | - Kevin G. Hardwick
- Institute of Cell Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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4
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Naik A, Lattab B, Qasem H, Decock J. Cancer testis antigens: Emerging therapeutic targets leveraging genomic instability in cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200768. [PMID: 38596293 PMCID: PMC10876628 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Cancer care has witnessed remarkable progress in recent decades, with a wide array of targeted therapies and immune-based interventions being added to the traditional treatment options such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, despite these advancements, the challenge of achieving high tumor specificity while minimizing adverse side effects continues to dictate the benefit-risk balance of cancer therapy, guiding clinical decision making. As such, the targeting of cancer testis antigens (CTAs) offers exciting new opportunities for therapeutic intervention of cancer since they display highly tumor specific expression patterns, natural immunogenicity and play pivotal roles in various biological processes that are critical for tumor cellular fitness. In this review, we delve deeper into how CTAs contribute to the regulation and maintenance of genomic integrity in cancer, and how these mechanisms can be exploited to specifically target and eradicate tumor cells. We review the current clinical trials targeting aforementioned CTAs, highlight promising pre-clinical data and discuss current challenges and future perspectives for future development of CTA-based strategies that exploit tumor genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adviti Naik
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Boucif Lattab
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hanan Qasem
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
| | - Julie Decock
- Cancer Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences (CHLS), Qatar Biomedical Research Institute (QBRI), Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar
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5
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Wang M, Phan S, Hayes BH, Discher DE. Genetic heterogeneity in p53-null leukemia increases transiently with spindle assembly checkpoint inhibition and is not rescued by p53. Chromosoma 2024; 133:77-92. [PMID: 37256347 PMCID: PMC10828900 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-023-00800-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome gains or losses often lead to copy number variations (CNV) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Both quantities are low in hematologic "liquid" cancers versus solid tumors in data of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) that also shows the fraction of a genome affected by LOH is ~ one-half of that with CNV. Suspension cultures of p53-null THP-1 leukemia-derived cells conform to these trends, despite novel evidence here of genetic heterogeneity and transiently elevated CNV after perturbation. Single-cell DNAseq indeed reveals at least 8 distinct THP-1 aneuploid clones with further intra-clonal variation, suggesting ongoing genetic evolution. Importantly, acute inhibition of the mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) produces CNV levels that are typical of high-CNV solid tumors, with subsequent cell death and down-selection to novel CNV. Pan-cancer analyses show p53 inactivation associates with aneuploidy, but leukemias exhibit a weaker trend even though p53 inactivation correlates with poor survival. Overexpression of p53 in THP-1 does not rescue established aneuploidy or LOH but slightly increases cell death under oxidative or confinement stress, and triggers p21, a key p53 target, but without affecting net growth. Our results suggest that factors other than p53 exert stronger pressures against aneuploidy in liquid cancers, and identifying such CNV suppressors could be useful across liquid and solid tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Wang
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Steven Phan
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Brandon H Hayes
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dennis E Discher
- Molecular & Cell Biophysics Lab, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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6
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Bloomfield M, Cimini D. The fate of extra centrosomes in newly formed tetraploid cells: should I stay, or should I go? Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1210983. [PMID: 37576603 PMCID: PMC10413984 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1210983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
An increase in centrosome number is commonly observed in cancer cells, but the role centrosome amplification plays along with how and when it occurs during cancer development is unclear. One mechanism for generating cancer cells with extra centrosomes is whole genome doubling (WGD), an event that occurs in over 30% of human cancers and is associated with poor survival. Newly formed tetraploid cells can acquire extra centrosomes during WGD, and a generally accepted model proposes that centrosome amplification in tetraploid cells promotes cancer progression by generating aneuploidy and chromosomal instability. Recent findings, however, indicate that newly formed tetraploid cells in vitro lose their extra centrosomes to prevent multipolar cell divisions. Rather than persistent centrosome amplification, this evidence raises the possibility that it may be advantageous for tetraploid cells to initially restore centrosome number homeostasis and for a fraction of the population to reacquire additional centrosomes in the later stages of cancer evolution. In this review, we explore the different evolutionary paths available to newly formed tetraploid cells, their effects on centrosome and chromosome number distribution in daughter cells, and their probabilities of long-term survival. We then discuss the mechanisms that may alter centrosome and chromosome numbers in tetraploid cells and their relevance to cancer progression following WGD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Bloomfield
- Department of Biological Sciences and Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Daniela Cimini
- Department of Biological Sciences and Fralin Life Sciences Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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7
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Meyer RE, Sartin A, Gish M, Harsha J, Wilkie E, Haworth D, LaVictoire R, Alberola I, Chuong HH, Gorbsky GJ, Dawson DS. Polyploid yeast are dependent on elevated levels of Mps1 for successful chromosome segregation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.01.09.523325. [PMID: 36712123 PMCID: PMC9882063 DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.09.523325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cell lines with elevated chromosome numbers frequently have correlated elevations of Mps1 expression and these tumors are more dependent on Mps1 activity for their survival than control cell lines. Mps1 is a conserved kinase involved in controlling aspects of chromosome segregation in mitosis and meiosis. The mechanistic explanation for the Mps1-addiction of aneuploid cells is unknown. To address this question, we explored Mps1-dependence in yeast cells with increased sets of chromosomes. These experiments revealed that in yeast, increasing ploidy leads to delays and failures in orienting chromosomes on the mitotic spindle. Yeast cells with elevated numbers of chromosomes proved vulnerable to reductions of Mps1 activity. Cells with reduced Mps1 activity exhibit an extended prometaphase with longer spindles and delays in orienting the chromosomes. One known role of Mps1 is in recruiting Bub1 to the kinetochore in meiosis. We found that the Mps1-addiction of polyploid yeast cells is due in part to its role in Bub1 recruitment. Together, the experiments presented here demonstrate that increased ploidy renders cells more dependent on Mps1 for orienting chromosomes on the spindle. The phenomenon described here may be relevant in understanding why hyper-diploid cancer cells exhibit elevated reliance on Mps1 expression for successful chromosome segregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régis E Meyer
- Program in Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
| | - Ashlea Sartin
- Program in Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
| | - Madeline Gish
- Program in Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
| | - Jillian Harsha
- Program in Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
| | - Emily Wilkie
- Program in Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
| | - Dawson Haworth
- Program in Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
| | - Rebecca LaVictoire
- Program in Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
| | - Isabel Alberola
- Program in Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
| | - Hoa H Chuong
- Program in Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
| | - Gary J Gorbsky
- Program in Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
| | - Dean S Dawson
- Program in Cell Cycle and Cancer Biology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, United States of America
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8
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Ashraf N, Asari A, Yousaf N, Ahmad M, Ahmed M, Faisal A, Saleem M, Muddassar M. Combined 3D-QSAR, molecular docking and dynamics simulations studies to model and design TTK inhibitors. Front Chem 2022; 10:1003816. [PMID: 36405310 PMCID: PMC9666879 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1003816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 09/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosine threonine kinase (TTK) is the key component of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) that ensures correct attachment of chromosomes to the mitotic spindle and thereby their precise segregation into daughter cells by phosphorylating specific substrate proteins. The overexpression of TTK has been associated with various human malignancies, including breast, colorectal and thyroid carcinomas. TTK has been validated as a target for drug development, and several TTK inhibitors have been discovered. In this study, ligand and structure-based alignment as well as various partial charge models were used to perform 3D-QSAR modelling on 1H-Pyrrolo[3,2-c] pyridine core containing reported inhibitors of TTK protein using the comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) approaches to design better active compounds. Different statistical methods i.e., correlation coefficient of non-cross validation (r2), correlation coefficient of leave-one-out cross-validation (q2), Fisher's test (F) and bootstrapping were used to validate the developed models. Out of several charge models and alignment-based approaches, Merck Molecular Force Field (MMFF94) charges using structure-based alignment yielded highly predictive CoMFA (q2 = 0.583, Predr2 = 0.751) and CoMSIA (q2 = 0.690, Predr2 = 0.767) models. The models exhibited that electrostatic, steric, HBA, HBD, and hydrophobic fields play a key role in structure activity relationship of these compounds. Using the contour maps information of the best predictive model, new compounds were designed and docked at the TTK active site to predict their plausible binding modes. The structural stability of the TTK complexes with new compounds was confirmed using MD simulations. The simulation studies revealed that all compounds formed stable complexes. Similarly, MM/PBSA method based free energy calculations showed that these compounds bind with reasonably good affinity to the TTK protein. Overall molecular modelling results suggest that newly designed compounds can act as lead compounds for the optimization of TTK inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noureen Ashraf
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asnuzilawati Asari
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Numan Yousaf
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Matloob Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mahmood Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amir Faisal
- Department of Biology, Syed Babar Ali School of Science and Engineering, Lahore University of Management Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Muddassar
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Schöffski P, Awada A, de la Bigne AM, Felloussi Z, Burbridge M, Cantero F, Colombo R, Maruzzelli S, Ammattatelli K, de Jonge M, Aftimos P, Dumez H, Sleijfer S. First-in-man, first-in-class phase I study with the monopolar spindle 1 kinase inhibitor S81694 administered intravenously in adult patients with advanced, metastatic solid tumours. Eur J Cancer 2022; 169:135-145. [PMID: 35567919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND S81694 is an inhibitor of monopolar spindle 1 kinase, a target expressed in proliferating cells. CL1-81694-001 was the first-in-human study aiming at identifying a safe dosing schedule in solid tumour patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS This trial was based on inter-individual dose-escalation of single agent S81694 in cohorts of ≥3 patients to assess the safety and tolerability and determine dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs), maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended phase II dose (RP2D), with S81694 given on days 1,8,15 of a 28-day cycle as 1-h infusion. RESULTS 38 patients were treated at doses ranging from 4 to 135 mg/m2/week; 144 cycles were administered (median 2/patient; range 1-32 cycles). Patients discontinued treatment for disease progression (78.9%), adverse events (AE; 18.4%) or withdrawal of consent (2.6%). Treatment modifications occurred in 22 patients (57.9%; 49 cycles). Common treatment-emergent AEs were fatigue (22 patients;57.9%), anaemia (17;44.7%) and nausea (12;31.6%). Haematological toxicity was mild, with Grade 3 anaemia observed in three patients and neutropenia mainly seen at the 135 mg/m2 dose level. Three first cycle DLTs included G3 anaemia (4 mg/m2 dose), G4 hypertension (20 mg/m2), G3 fatigue (135 mg/m2). MTD was not reached due to premature discontinuation of enrolment based on a sponsor decision. Among 35 patients evaluable for response, one (renal cell carcinoma) had a complete response, one (hepatocellular carcinoma) had a transient decrease of target lesions and 13 had stable disease. Seven patients remained on study for ≥6 cycles, two at the 135 mg/m2 dose. CONCLUSIONS S81694 can be administered safely as a single agent in adults with solid tumours on days 1,8,15 of a 28-day cycle up to a dose of 135 mg/m2/week without reaching MTD. The RP2D was not defined due to the prioritization of the use of S81694 in combination with cytotoxic agents, based on emerging preclinical data. TRIAL REGISTRATION EudraCT number: 2014-002023-10; ISRCTN registry ISRCTN35641359.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Schöffski
- Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ahmad Awada
- Clinical Trials Conduct Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Zakia Felloussi
- TA Oncology, Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Mike Burbridge
- TA Oncology, Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France
| | - Frederique Cantero
- TA Oncology, Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, France
| | | | | | | | - Maja de Jonge
- Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Philippe Aftimos
- Clinical Trials Conduct Unit, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Herlinde Dumez
- Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven Cancer Institute, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stefan Sleijfer
- Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Alfaro-Mora Y, Domínguez-Gómez G, Cáceres-Gutiérrez RE, Tolentino-García L, Herrera LA, Castro-Hernández C, Bermúdez-Cruz RM, Díaz-Chávez J. MPS1 is involved in the HPV16-E7-mediated centrosomes amplification. Cell Div 2021; 16:6. [PMID: 34736484 PMCID: PMC8567613 DOI: 10.1186/s13008-021-00074-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background It has been reported that the oncoprotein E7 from human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16-E7) can induce the excessive synthesis of centrosomes through the increase in the expression of PLK4, which is a transcriptional target of E2F1. On the other hand, it has been reported that increasing MPS1 protein stability can also generate an excessive synthesis of centrosomes. In this work, we analyzed the possible role of MPS1 in the amplification of centrosomes mediated by HPV16-E7. Results Employing qRT-PCR, Western Blot, and Immunofluorescence techniques, we found that E7 induces an increase in the MPS1 transcript and protein levels in the U2OS cell line, as well as protein stabilization. Besides, we observed that inhibiting the expression of MPS1 in E7 protein-expressing cells leads to a significant reduction in the number of centrosomes. Conclusions These results indicate that the presence of the MPS1 protein is necessary for E7 protein to increase the number of centrosomes, and possible implications are discussed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13008-021-00074-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yair Alfaro-Mora
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico.,Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe Domínguez-Gómez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo E Cáceres-Gutiérrez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Laura Tolentino-García
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis A Herrera
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico.,Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Clementina Castro-Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Bermúdez-Cruz
- Departamento de Genética y Biología Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - José Díaz-Chávez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, UNAM/Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), Mexico City, Mexico.
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11
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Gui P, Sedzro DM, Yuan X, Liu S, Hei M, Tian W, Zohbi N, Wang F, Yao Y, Aikhionbare FO, Gao X, Wang D, Yao X, Dou Z. Mps1 dimerization and multisite interactions with Ndc80 complex enable responsive spindle assembly checkpoint signaling. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 12:486-498. [PMID: 32219319 PMCID: PMC7493027 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Error-free mitosis depends on accurate chromosome attachment to spindle microtubules, which is monitored by the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) signaling. As an upstream factor of SAC, the precise and dynamic kinetochore localization of Mps1 kinase is critical for initiating and silencing SAC signaling. However, the underlying molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, we demonstrated that the multisite interactions between Mps1 and Ndc80 complex (Ndc80C) govern Mps1 kinetochore targeting. Importantly, we identified direct interaction between Mps1 tetratricopeptide repeat domain and Ndc80C. We further identified that Mps1 C-terminal fragment, which contains the protein kinase domain and C-tail, enhances Mps1 kinetochore localization. Mechanistically, Mps1 C-terminal fragment mediates its dimerization. Perturbation of C-tail attenuates the kinetochore targeting and activity of Mps1, leading to aberrant mitosis due to compromised SAC function. Taken together, our study highlights the importance of Mps1 dimerization and multisite interactions with Ndc80C in enabling responsive SAC signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gui
- MOE Key Laboratory of Membraneless Organelle and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China.,Keck Center for Cellular Dynamics and Organoids Plasticity, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Divine M Sedzro
- MOE Key Laboratory of Membraneless Organelle and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Membraneless Organelle and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Sikai Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Membraneless Organelle and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Mohan Hei
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Najdat Zohbi
- Keck Center for Cellular Dynamics and Organoids Plasticity, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Fangwei Wang
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yihan Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Membraneless Organelle and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Felix O Aikhionbare
- Keck Center for Cellular Dynamics and Organoids Plasticity, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30310, USA
| | - Xinjiao Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Membraneless Organelle and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Membraneless Organelle and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xuebiao Yao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Membraneless Organelle and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Zhen Dou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Membraneless Organelle and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
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12
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Huang M, Huang Y, Guo J, Yu L, Chang Y, Wang X, Luo J, Huang Y, Tu Z, Lu X, Xu Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Ding K. Pyrido[2, 3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-ones as new selective orally bioavailable Threonine Tyrosine Kinase (TTK) inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 211:113023. [PMID: 33248853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A series of pyrido [2, 3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-ones were designed and synthesized as new selective orally bioavailable Threonine Tyrosine Kinase (TTK) inhibitors. One of the representative compounds, 5o, exhibited strong binding affinity with a Kd value of 0.15 nM, but was significantly less potent against a panel of 402 wild-type kinases at 100 nM. The compound also potently inhibited the kinase activity of TTK with an IC50 value of 23 nM, induced chromosome missegregation and aneuploidy, and suppressed proliferation of a panel of human cancer cell lines with low μM IC50 values. Compound 5o demonstrated good oral pharmacokinetic properties with a bioavailability value of 45.3% when administered at a dose of 25 mg/kg in rats. Moreover, a combination therapy of 5o with paclitaxel displayed promising in vivo efficacy against the HCT-116 human colon cancer xenograft model in nude mice with a Tumor Growth Inhibition (TGI) value of 78%. Inhibitor 5o may provide a new research tool for further validating therapeutic potential of TTK inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhao Huang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yongjun Huang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jing Guo
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yu Chang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaolu Wang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jinfeng Luo
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Yanhui Huang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Zhengchao Tu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Xiaoyun Lu
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 190 Kaiyuan Avenue, Guangzhou 510530, China; Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory (GRMH-GDL), Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Zhang Zhang
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Ke Ding
- International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Discovery of Chinese Ministry of Education (MOE), Guangzhou City Key Laboratory of Precision Chemical Drug Development, School of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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13
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Bancroft J, Holder J, Geraghty Z, Alfonso-Pérez T, Murphy D, Barr FA, Gruneberg U. PP1 promotes cyclin B destruction and the metaphase-anaphase transition by dephosphorylating CDC20. Mol Biol Cell 2020; 31:2315-2330. [PMID: 32755477 PMCID: PMC7851957 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e20-04-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis of cyclin B and securin initiates sister chromatid segregation and anaphase. The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome and its coactivator CDC20 (APC/CCDC20) form the main ubiquitin E3 ligase for these two proteins. APC/CCDC20 is regulated by CDK1-cyclin B and counteracting PP1 and PP2A family phosphatases through modulation of both activating and inhibitory phosphorylation. Here, we report that PP1 promotes cyclin B destruction at the onset of anaphase by removing specific inhibitory phosphorylation in the N-terminus of CDC20. Depletion or chemical inhibition of PP1 stabilizes cyclin B and results in a pronounced delay at the metaphase-to-anaphase transition after chromosome alignment. This requirement for PP1 is lost in cells expressing CDK1 phosphorylation-defective CDC206A mutants. These CDC206A cells show a normal spindle checkpoint response and rapidly destroy cyclin B once all chromosomes have aligned and enter into anaphase in the absence of PP1 activity. PP1 therefore facilitates the metaphase-to-anaphase transition by promoting APC/CCDC20-dependent destruction of cyclin B in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Bancroft
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - James Holder
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Zoë Geraghty
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | | | - Daniel Murphy
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Francis A. Barr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Ulrike Gruneberg
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
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14
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Benzi G, Piatti S. Killing two birds with one stone: how budding yeast Mps1 controls chromosome segregation and spindle assembly checkpoint through phosphorylation of a single kinetochore protein. Curr Genet 2020; 66:1037-1044. [PMID: 32632756 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-020-01091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During mitosis, the identical sister chromatids of each chromosome must attach through their kinetochores to microtubules emanating from opposite spindle poles. This process, referred to as chromosome biorientation, is essential for equal partitioning of the genetic information to the two daughter cells. Defects in chromosome biorientation can give rise to aneuploidy, a hallmark of cancer and genetic diseases. A conserved surveillance mechanism called spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) prevents the onset of anaphase until biorientation is attained. Key to chromosome biorientation is an error correction mechanism that allows kinetochores to establish proper bipolar attachments by disengaging faulty kinetochore-microtubule connections. Error correction relies on the Aurora B and Mps1 kinases that also promote SAC signaling, raising the possibility that they are part of a single sensory device responding to improper attachments and concomitantly controlling both their disengagement and a temporary mitotic arrest. In budding yeast, Aurora B and Mps1 promote error correction independently from one another, but while the substrates of Aurora B in this process are at least partially known, the mechanism underlying the involvement of Mps1 in the error correction pathway is unknown. Through the characterization of a novel mps1 mutant and an unbiased genetic screen for extragenic suppressors, we recently gained evidence that a common mechanism based on Mps1-dependent phosphorylation of the Knl1/Spc105 kinetochore scaffold and subsequent recruitment of the Bub1 kinase is critical for the function of Mps1 in chromosome biorientation as well as for SAC activation (Benzi et al. EMBO Rep, 2020).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Benzi
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France
| | - Simonetta Piatti
- CRBM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France.
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15
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Endo Y, Saeki K, Watanabe M, Miyajima-Magara N, Igarashi M, Mochizuki M, Nishimura R, Sugano S, Sasaki N, Nakagawa T. Spindle assembly checkpoint competence in aneuploid canine malignant melanoma cell lines. Tissue Cell 2020; 67:101403. [PMID: 32835936 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2020.101403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a surveillance mechanism that prevents unequal segregation of chromosomes during mitosis. Abnormalities in the SAC are associated with chromosome instability and resultant aneuploidy. This study was performed to evaluate the SAC competence in canine malignant melanoma (CMM) using four aneuploid cell lines (CMeC1, CMeC2, KMeC, and LMeC). After treatment with nocodazole, a microtubule disrupting agent, CMeC1, KMeC, and LMeC cells were arrested in M phase, whereas CMeC2 cells were not arrested, and progressed into the next cell cycle phase without cytokinesis. Chromosome spread analysis revealed a significantly increased rate of premature sister chromatid separation in CMeC2 cells. Expression of the phosphorylated form of the SAC regulator, monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1), was lower in CMeC2 cells than in the other CMM cell lines. These results indicate that the SAC is defective in CMeC2 cells, which may partially explain aneuploidy in CMM. Thus, CMeC2 cells may be useful for further studies of the SAC mechanism in CMM and in determining the relationship between SAC incompetence and aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshifumi Endo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Kohei Saeki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Manabu Watanabe
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Genome Science, Graduate School of Frontier Science, the University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Nozomi Miyajima-Magara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Maki Igarashi
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Genome Science, Graduate School of Frontier Science, the University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan; Biochemistry Division, National Cancer Center Research Institute, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Manabu Mochizuki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Ryohei Nishimura
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Sumio Sugano
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Department of Medical Genome Science, Graduate School of Frontier Science, the University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Nobuo Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Surgery, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.
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16
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Pachis ST, Hiruma Y, Tromer EC, Perrakis A, Kops GJPL. Interactions between N-terminal Modules in MPS1 Enable Spindle Checkpoint Silencing. Cell Rep 2020; 26:2101-2112.e6. [PMID: 30784592 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Faithful chromosome segregation relies on the ability of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) to delay anaphase onset until chromosomes are attached to the mitotic spindle via their kinetochores. MPS1 kinase is recruited to kinetochores to initiate SAC signaling and is removed from kinetochores once stable microtubule attachments have been formed to allow normal mitotic progression. Here, we show that a helical fragment within the kinetochore-targeting N-terminal extension (NTE) module of MPS1 is required for interactions with kinetochores and forms intramolecular interactions with its adjacent tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain. Bypassing this NTE-TPR interaction results in high MPS1 levels at kinetochores due to loss of regulatory input into MPS1 localization, inefficient MPS1 delocalization upon microtubule attachment, and SAC silencing defects. These results show that SAC responsiveness to attachments relies on regulated intramolecular interactions in MPS1 and highlight the sensitivity of mitosis to perturbations in the dynamics of the MPS1-NDC80-C interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon T Pachis
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CT, the Netherlands
| | - Yoshitaka Hiruma
- Department of Biochemistry, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Eelco C Tromer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Anastassis Perrakis
- Department of Biochemistry, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Geert J P L Kops
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute-KNAW and University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, 3584 CT, the Netherlands.
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17
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Hayward D, Bancroft J, Mangat D, Alfonso-Pérez T, Dugdale S, McCarthy J, Barr FA, Gruneberg U. Checkpoint signaling and error correction require regulation of the MPS1 T-loop by PP2A-B56. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:3188-3199. [PMID: 31511308 PMCID: PMC6781431 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201905026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
During mitosis, the formation of microtubule-kinetochore attachments is monitored by the serine/threonine kinase monopolar spindle 1 (MPS1). MPS1 is recruited to unattached kinetochores where it phosphorylates KNL1, BUB1, and MAD1 to initiate the spindle assembly checkpoint. This arrests the cell cycle until all kinetochores have been stably captured by microtubules. MPS1 also contributes to the error correction process rectifying incorrect kinetochore attachments. MPS1 activity at kinetochores requires autophosphorylation at multiple sites including threonine 676 in the activation segment or "T-loop." We now demonstrate that the BUBR1-bound pool of PP2A-B56 regulates MPS1 T-loop autophosphorylation and hence activation status in mammalian cells. Overriding this regulation using phosphomimetic mutations in the MPS1 T-loop to generate a constitutively active kinase results in a prolonged mitotic arrest with continuous turnover of microtubule-kinetochore attachments. Dynamic regulation of MPS1 catalytic activity by kinetochore-localized PP2A-B56 is thus critical for controlled MPS1 activity and timely cell cycle progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hayward
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - James Bancroft
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | - Sholto Dugdale
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Julia McCarthy
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francis A Barr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ulrike Gruneberg
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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18
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Lera RF, Norman RX, Dumont M, Dennee A, Martin‐Koob J, Fachinetti D, Burkard ME. Plk1 protects kinetochore-centromere architecture against microtubule pulling forces. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e48711. [PMID: 31468671 PMCID: PMC6776907 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
During mitosis, sister chromatids attach to microtubules which generate ~ 700 pN pulling force focused on the centromere. We report that chromatin-localized signals generated by Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) maintain the integrity of the kinetochore and centromere against this force. Without sufficient Plk1 activity, chromosomes become misaligned after normal condensation and congression. These chromosomes are silent to the mitotic checkpoint, and many lag and mis-segregate in anaphase. Their centromeres and kinetochores lack CENP-A, CENP-C, CENP-T, Hec1, Nuf2, and Knl1; however, CENP-B is retained. CENP-A loss occurs coincident with secondary misalignment and anaphase onset. This disruption occurs asymmetrically prior to anaphase and requires tension generated by microtubules. Mechanistically, centromeres highly recruit PICH DNA helicase and PICH depletion restores kinetochore disruption in pre-anaphase cells. Furthermore, anaphase defects are significantly reduced by tethering Plk1 to chromatin, including H2B, and INCENP, but not to CENP-A. Taken as a whole, this demonstrates that Plk1 signals are crucial for stabilizing centromeric architecture against tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Lera
- Division of Hematology/OncologyDepartment of MedicineSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWIUSA
- UW Carbone Cancer CenterUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWIUSA
| | - Roshan X Norman
- Division of Hematology/OncologyDepartment of MedicineSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWIUSA
- UW Carbone Cancer CenterUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWIUSA
| | - Marie Dumont
- Institut CurieCNRS, UMR 144PSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Alexandra Dennee
- Division of Hematology/OncologyDepartment of MedicineSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWIUSA
- UW Carbone Cancer CenterUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWIUSA
| | - Joanne Martin‐Koob
- Division of Hematology/OncologyDepartment of MedicineSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWIUSA
- UW Carbone Cancer CenterUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWIUSA
| | | | - Mark E Burkard
- Division of Hematology/OncologyDepartment of MedicineSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWIUSA
- UW Carbone Cancer CenterUniversity of WisconsinMadisonWIUSA
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19
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Jusino S, Saavedra HI. Role of E2Fs and mitotic regulators controlled by E2Fs in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1419-1429. [PMID: 31575294 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219881360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex cellular process in which epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal properties. EMT occurs in three biological settings: development, wound healing and fibrosis, and tumor progression. Despite occurring in three independent biological settings, EMT signaling shares some molecular mechanisms that allow epithelial cells to de-differentiate and acquire mesenchymal characteristics that confer cells invasive and migratory capacity to distant sites. Here we summarize the molecular mechanism that delineates EMT and we will focus on the role of E2 promoter binding factors (E2Fs) in EMT during tumor progression. Since the E2Fs are presently undruggable due to their control in numerous pivotal cellular functions and due to the lack of selectivity against individual E2Fs, we will also discuss the role of three mitotic regulators and/or mitotic kinases controlled by the E2Fs (NEK2, Mps1/TTK, and SGO1) in EMT that can be useful as drug targets. Impact statement The study of the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an active area of research since it is one of the early intermediates to invasion and metastasis—a state of the cancer cells that ultimately kills many cancer patients. We will present in this review that besides their canonical roles as regulators of proliferation, unregulated expression of the E2F transcription factors may contribute to cancer initiation and progression to metastasis by signaling centrosome amplification, chromosome instability, and EMT. Since our discovery that the E2F activators control centrosome amplification and mitosis in cancer cells, we have identified centrosome and mitotic regulators that may represent actionable targets against EMT and metastasis in cancer cells. This is impactful to all of the cancer patients in which the Cdk/Rb/E2F pathway is deregulated, which has been estimated to be most cancer patients with solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Jusino
- Basic Sciences Department, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce PR 00732, USA
| | - Harold I Saavedra
- Basic Sciences Department, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ponce Research Institute, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce PR 00732, USA
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20
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Hayward D, Alfonso-Pérez T, Gruneberg U. Orchestration of the spindle assembly checkpoint by CDK1-cyclin B1. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:2889-2907. [PMID: 31469407 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In mitosis, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) monitors the formation of microtubule-kinetochore attachments during capture of chromosomes by the mitotic spindle. Spindle assembly is complete once there are no longer any unattached kinetochores. Here, we will discuss the mechanism and key components of spindle checkpoint signalling. Unattached kinetochores bind the principal spindle checkpoint kinase monopolar spindle 1 (MPS1). MPS1 triggers the recruitment of other spindle checkpoint proteins and the formation of a soluble inhibitor of anaphase, thus preventing exit from mitosis. On microtubule attachment, kinetochores become checkpoint silent due to the actions of PP2A-B56 and PP1. This SAC responsive period has to be coordinated with mitotic spindle formation to ensure timely mitotic exit and accurate chromosome segregation. We focus on the molecular mechanisms by which the SAC permissive state is created, describing a central role for CDK1-cyclin B1 and its counteracting phosphatase PP2A-B55. Furthermore, we discuss how CDK1-cyclin B1, through its interaction with MAD1, acts as an integral component of the SAC, and actively orchestrates checkpoint signalling and thus contributes to the faithful execution of mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hayward
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, UK
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21
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Zheng L, Chen Z, Kawakami M, Chen Y, Roszik J, Mustachio LM, Kurie JM, Villalobos P, Lu W, Behrens C, Mino B, Solis LM, Silvester J, Thu KL, Cescon DW, Rodriguez-Canales J, Wistuba II, Mak TW, Liu X, Dmitrovsky E. Tyrosine Threonine Kinase Inhibition Eliminates Lung Cancers by Augmenting Apoptosis and Polyploidy. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 18:1775-1786. [PMID: 31358662 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint maintains genomic integrity. A key component is tyrosine threonine kinase (TTK, also known as Mps1). TTK antagonism is hypothesized to cause genomic instability and cell death. Interrogating The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed high TTK expression in lung adenocarcinomas and squamous cell cancers versus the normal lung (P < 0.001). This correlated with an unfavorable prognosis in examined lung adenocarcinoma cases (P = 0.007). TTK expression profiles in lung tumors were independently assessed by RNA in situ hybridization. CFI-402257 is a highly selective TTK inhibitor. Its potent antineoplastic effects are reported here against a panel of well-characterized murine and human lung cancer cell lines. Significant antitumorigenic activity followed independent treatments of athymic mice bearing human lung cancer xenografts (6.5 mg/kg, P < 0.05; 8.5 mg/kg, P < 0.01) and immunocompetent mice with syngeneic lung cancers (P < 0.001). CFI-402257 antineoplastic mechanisms were explored. CFI-402257 triggered aneuploidy and apoptotic death of lung cancer cells without changing centrosome number. Reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA) of vehicle versus CFI-402257-treated lung cancers were examined using more than 300 critical growth-regulatory proteins. RPPA bioinformatic analyses discovered CFI-402257 enhanced MAPK signaling, implicating MAPK antagonism in augmenting TTK inhibitory effects. This was independently confirmed using genetic and pharmacologic repression of MAPK that promoted CFI-402257 anticancer actions. TTK antagonism exerted marked antineoplastic effects against lung cancers and MAPK inhibition cooperated. Future work should determine whether CFI-402257 treatment alone or with a MAPK inhibitor is active in the lung cancer clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zheng
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Zibo Chen
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Masanori Kawakami
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Yulong Chen
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jason Roszik
- Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lisa Maria Mustachio
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jonathan M Kurie
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Pamela Villalobos
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Carmen Behrens
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Barbara Mino
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Luisa M Solis
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jennifer Silvester
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelsie L Thu
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David W Cescon
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jaime Rodriguez-Canales
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Tak W Mak
- The Campbell Family Institute for Breast Cancer Research at Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xi Liu
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Ethan Dmitrovsky
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland.,Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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22
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Vallardi G, Cordeiro MH, Saurin AT. A Kinase-Phosphatase Network that Regulates Kinetochore-Microtubule Attachments and the SAC. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 56:457-484. [PMID: 28840249 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-58592-5_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The KMN network (for KNL1, MIS12 and NDC80 complexes) is a hub for signalling at the outer kinetochore. It integrates the activities of two kinases (MPS1 and Aurora B) and two phosphatases (PP1 and PP2A-B56) to regulate kinetochore-microtubule attachments and the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). We will first discuss each of these enzymes separately, to describe how they are regulated at kinetochores and why this is important for their primary function in controlling either microtubule attachments or the SAC. We will then discuss why inhibiting any one of them individually produces secondary effects on all the others. This cross-talk may help to explain why all enzymes have been linked to both processes, even though the direct evidence suggests they each control only one. This chapter therefore describes how a network of kinases and phosphatases work together to regulate two key mitotic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Vallardi
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Marilia Henriques Cordeiro
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
| | - Adrian Thomas Saurin
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Jacqui Wood Cancer Centre, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
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23
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Hayward D, Alfonso-Pérez T, Cundell MJ, Hopkins M, Holder J, Bancroft J, Hutter LH, Novak B, Barr FA, Gruneberg U. CDK1-CCNB1 creates a spindle checkpoint-permissive state by enabling MPS1 kinetochore localization. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:1182-1199. [PMID: 30674582 PMCID: PMC6446832 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201808014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Spindle checkpoint signaling is initiated by recruitment of the kinase MPS1 to unattached kinetochores during mitosis. We show that CDK1-CCNB1 and a counteracting phosphatase PP2A-B55 regulate the engagement of human MPS1 with unattached kinetochores by controlling the phosphorylation status of S281 in the kinetochore-binding domain. This regulation is essential for checkpoint signaling, since MPS1S281A is not recruited to unattached kinetochores and fails to support the recruitment of other checkpoint proteins. Directly tethering MPS1S281A to the kinetochore protein Mis12 bypasses this regulation and hence the requirement for S281 phosphorylation in checkpoint signaling. At the metaphase-anaphase transition, MPS1 S281 dephosphorylation is delayed because PP2A-B55 is negatively regulated by CDK1-CCNB1 and only becomes fully active once CCNB1 concentration falls below a characteristic threshold. This mechanism prolongs the checkpoint-responsive period when MPS1 can localize to kinetochores and enables a response to late-stage spindle defects. By acting together, CDK1-CCNB1 and PP2A-B55 thus create a spindle checkpoint-permissive state and ensure the fidelity of mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hayward
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, England, UK
| | - Tatiana Alfonso-Pérez
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, England, UK
| | - Michael J Cundell
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, England, UK
| | - Michael Hopkins
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, England, UK
| | - James Holder
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, England, UK
| | - James Bancroft
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, England, UK
| | - Lukas H Hutter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, England, UK
| | - Bela Novak
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, England, UK
| | - Francis A Barr
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, England, UK
| | - Ulrike Gruneberg
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, England, UK
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24
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Recent Progress on the Localization of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Machinery to Kinetochores. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030278. [PMID: 30909555 PMCID: PMC6468716 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Faithful chromosome segregation during mitosis is crucial for maintaining genome stability. The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a surveillance mechanism that ensures accurate mitotic progression. Defective SAC signaling leads to premature sister chromatid separation and aneuploid daughter cells. Mechanistically, the SAC couples the kinetochore microtubule attachment status to the cell cycle progression machinery. In the presence of abnormal kinetochore microtubule attachments, the SAC prevents the metaphase-to-anaphase transition through a complex kinase-phosphatase signaling cascade which results in the correct balance of SAC components recruited to the kinetochore. The correct kinetochore localization of SAC proteins is a prerequisite for robust SAC signaling and, hence, accurate chromosome segregation. Here, we review recent progresses on the kinetochore recruitment of core SAC factors.
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25
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Pachis ST, Kops GJPL. Leader of the SAC: molecular mechanisms of Mps1/TTK regulation in mitosis. Open Biol 2019; 8:rsob.180109. [PMID: 30111590 PMCID: PMC6119859 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovered in 1991 in a screen for genes involved in spindle pole body duplication, the monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1) kinase has since claimed a central role in processes that ensure error-free chromosome segregation. As a result, Mps1 kinase activity has become an attractive candidate for pharmaceutical companies in the search for compounds that target essential cellular processes to eliminate, for example, tumour cells or pathogens. Research in recent decades has offered many insights into the molecular function of Mps1 and its regulation. In this review, we integrate the latest knowledge regarding the regulation of Mps1 activity and its spatio-temporal distribution, highlight gaps in our understanding of these processes and propose future research avenues to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon T Pachis
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute - KNAW and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Geert J P L Kops
- Oncode Institute, Hubrecht Institute - KNAW and University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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26
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Osswald M, Santos AF, Morais-de-Sá E. Light-Induced Protein Clustering for Optogenetic Interference and Protein Interaction Analysis in Drosophila S2 Cells. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9020061. [PMID: 30759894 PMCID: PMC6406598 DOI: 10.3390/biom9020061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drosophila Schneider 2 (S2) cells are a simple and powerful system commonly used in cell biology because they are well suited for high resolution microscopy and RNAi-mediated depletion. However, understanding dynamic processes, such as cell division, also requires methodology to interfere with protein function with high spatiotemporal control. In this research study, we report the adaptation of an optogenetic tool to Drosophila S2 cells. Light-activated reversible inhibition by assembled trap (LARIAT) relies on the rapid light-dependent heterodimerization between cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) and cryptochrome-interacting bHLH 1 (CIB1) to form large protein clusters. An anti-green fluorescent protein (GFP) nanobody fused with CRY2 allows this method to quickly trap any GFP-tagged protein in these light-induced protein clusters. We evaluated clustering kinetics in response to light for different LARIAT modules, and showed the ability of GFP-LARIAT to inactivate the mitotic protein Mps1 and to disrupt the membrane localization of the polarity regulator Lethal Giant Larvae (Lgl). Moreover, we validated light-induced co-clustering assays to assess protein-protein interactions in S2 cells. In conclusion, GFP-based LARIAT is a versatile tool to answer different biological questions, since it enables probing of dynamic processes and protein-protein interactions with high spatiotemporal resolution in Drosophila S2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Osswald
- Epithelial Polarity and Cell Division, i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - A Filipa Santos
- Epithelial Polarity and Cell Division, i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Eurico Morais-de-Sá
- Epithelial Polarity and Cell Division, i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
- IBMC, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
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27
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Fisk HA, Thomas JL, Nguyen TB. Breaking Bad: Uncoupling of Modularity in Centriole Biogenesis and the Generation of Excess Centrioles in Cancer. Results Probl Cell Differ 2019; 67:391-411. [PMID: 31435805 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-23173-6_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Centrosomes are tiny yet complex cytoplasmic structures that perform a variety of roles related to their ability to act as microtubule-organizing centers. Like the genome, centrosomes are single copy structures that undergo a precise semi-conservative replication once each cell cycle. Precise replication of the centrosome is essential for genome integrity, because the duplicated centrosomes will serve as the poles of a bipolar mitotic spindle, and any number of centrosomes other than two will lead to an aberrant spindle that mis-segregates chromosomes. Indeed, excess centrosomes are observed in a variety of human tumors where they generate abnormal spindles in situ that are thought to participate in tumorigenesis by driving genomic instability. At the heart of the centrosome is a pair of centrioles, and at the heart of centrosome duplication is the replication of this centriole pair. Centriole replication proceeds through a complex macromolecular assembly process. However, while centrosomes may contain as many as 500 proteins, only a handful of proteins have been shown to be essential for centriole replication. Our observations suggest that centriole replication is a modular, bottom-up process that we envision akin to building a house; the proper site of assembly is identified, a foundation is assembled at that site, and subsequent modules are added on top of the foundation. Here, we discuss the data underlying our view of modularity in the centriole assembly process, and suggest that non-essential centriole assembly factors take on greater importance in cancer cells due to their function in coordination between centriole modules, using the Monopolar spindles 1 protein kinase and its substrate Centrin 2 to illustrate our model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harold A Fisk
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Thomas
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Tan B Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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28
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LMO1 functions as an oncogene by regulating TTK expression and correlates with neuroendocrine differentiation of lung cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:29601-29618. [PMID: 30038707 PMCID: PMC6049873 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
LMO1 encodes a protein containing a cysteine-rich LIM domain involved in protein-protein interactions. Recent studies have shown that LMO1 functions as an oncogene in several cancer types, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the function of LMO1 in other histological subtypes of lung cancer, such as small cell lung cancer (SCLC), was not investigated. In analyzing the expression of LMO1 across a panel of lung cell lines, we found that LMO1 expression levels were significantly and dramatically higher in SCLC cells, an aggressive neuroendocrine subtype of lung cancer, relative to NSCLC and normal lung cells. In NSCLC cells, LMO1 mRNA levels were significantly correlated with expression of neuroendocrine differentiation markers. Our in vitro investigations indicated that LMO1 had the general property of promoting cell proliferation in lung cancer cells representing different histological subtypes, suggesting a general oncogenic function of LMO1 in lung cancer. In investigating the clinical relevance of LMO1 as an oncogene, we found that a high tumor level of the LMO1 mRNA was an independent predictor of poor patient survival. These results suggest that LMO1 acts as an oncogene, with expression correlated with neuroendocrine differentiation of lung cancer, and that it is a determinant of lung cancer aggressiveness and prognosis. By combining gene expression correlations with patient survival and functional in vitro investigations, we further identified TTK as mediating the oncogenic function of LMO1 in lung cancer cells.
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29
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Gerhards NM, Blomen VA, Mutlu M, Nieuwenhuis J, Howald D, Guyader C, Jonkers J, Brummelkamp TR, Rottenberg S. Haploid genetic screens identify genetic vulnerabilities to microtubule-targeting agents. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:953-971. [PMID: 29689640 PMCID: PMC5983209 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The absence of biomarkers to accurately predict anticancer therapy response remains a major obstacle in clinical oncology. We applied a genome‐wide loss‐of‐function screening approach in human haploid cells to characterize genetic vulnerabilities to classical microtubule‐targeting agents. Using docetaxel and vinorelbine, two well‐established chemotherapeutic agents, we sought to identify genetic alterations sensitizing human HAP1 cells to these drugs. Despite the fact that both drugs act on microtubules, a set of distinct genes were identified whose disruption affects drug sensitivity. For docetaxel, this included a number of genes with a function in mitosis, while for vinorelbine we identified inactivation of FBXW7,RB1, and NF2, three frequently mutated tumor suppressor genes, as sensitizing factors. We validated these genes using independent knockout clones and confirmed FBXW7 as an important regulator of the mitotic spindle assembly. Upon FBXW7 depletion, vinorelbine treatment led to decreased survival of cells due to defective mitotic progression and subsequent mitotic catastrophe. We show that haploid insertional mutagenesis screens are a useful tool to study genetic vulnerabilities to classical chemotherapeutic drugs by identifying thus far unknown sensitivity factors. These results provide a rationale for investigating patient response to vinca alkaloid‐based anticancer treatment in relation to the mutational status of these three tumor suppressor genes, and could in the future lead to the establishment of novel predictive biomarkers or suggest new drug combinations based on molecular mechanisms of drug sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora M Gerhards
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vincent A Blomen
- Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merve Mutlu
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joppe Nieuwenhuis
- Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Denise Howald
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Guyader
- Division of Molecular Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thijn R Brummelkamp
- Division of Biochemistry, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Switzerland.,Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Inhibition of the spindle assembly checkpoint kinase Mps-1 as a novel therapeutic strategy in malignant mesothelioma. Oncogene 2017; 36:6501-6507. [PMID: 28759042 PMCID: PMC5690838 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive malignancy, highly resistant to current medical and surgical therapies, whose tumor cells characteristically show a high level of aneuploidy and genomic instability. We tested our hypothesis that targeting chromosomal instability in MM would improve response to therapy. TTK/Mps-1 (monopolar spindle 1 kinase) is a kinase of the spindle assembly checkpoint that controls cell division and cell fate. CFI-402257 is a novel, selective inhibitor of Mps-1 with antineoplastic activity. We found that CFI-402257 suppresses MM growth. We found that Mps-1 is overexpressed in MM and that its expression correlates with poor patients’ outcome. In vitro, CFI-402257-mediated inhibition of Mps-1 resulted in abrogation of the mitotic checkpoint, premature progression through mitosis, marked aneuploidy and mitotic catastrophe. In vivo, CFI-402257 reduced MM growth in an orthotopic, syngeneic model, when used as a single agent, and more so when used in combination with cisplatin+pemetrexed, the current standard of care. Our preclinical findings indicate that CFI-402257 is a promising novel therapeutic agent to improve the efficacy of the current chemotherapeutic regimens for MM patients.
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31
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Tarade D, Ma D, Pignanelli C, Mansour F, Simard D, van den Berg S, Gauld J, McNulty J, Pandey S. Structurally simplified biphenyl combretastatin A4 derivatives retain in vitro anti-cancer activity dependent on mitotic arrest. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171806. [PMID: 28253265 PMCID: PMC5333808 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The cis-stilbene, combretastatin A4 (CA4), is a potent microtubule targeting and vascular damaging agent. Despite promising results at the pre-clinical level and extensive clinical evaluation, CA4 has yet to be approved for therapeutic use. One impediment to the development of CA4 is an inherent conformational instability about the ethylene linker, which joins two aromatic rings. We have previously published preliminary data regarding structurally simplified biphenyl derivatives of CA4, lacking an ethylene linker, which retain anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity, albeit at higher doses. Our current study provides a more comprehensive evaluation regarding the anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic properties of biphenyl CA4 derivatives in both 2D and 3D cancerous and non-cancerous cell models. Computational analysis has revealed that cytotoxicity of CA4 and biphenyl analogues correlates with predicted tubulin affinity. Additional mechanistic evaluation of the biphenyl derivatives found that their anti-cancer activity is dependent on prolonged mitotic arrest, in a similar manner to CA4. Lastly, we have shown that cancer cells deficient in the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis experience delayed cell death following treatment with CA4 or analogues. Biphenyl derivatives of CA4 represent structurally simplified analogues of CA4, which retain a similar mechanism of action. The biphenyl analogues warrant in vivo examination to evaluate their potential as vascular damaging agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Tarade
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dennis Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher Pignanelli
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Fadi Mansour
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Simard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sean van den Berg
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - James Gauld
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - James McNulty
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Siyaram Pandey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Synchronization and Desynchronization of Cells by Interventions on the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1524:77-95. [PMID: 27815897 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6603-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Cell cycle checkpoints are surveillance mechanisms that sequentially and continuously monitor cell cycle progression thereby contributing to the preservation of genetic stability. Among them, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) prevents the occurrence of abnormal divisions by halting the metaphase to anaphase transition following the detection of erroneous microtubules-kinetochore attachment(s). Most synchronization strategies are based on the activation of cell cycle checkpoints to enrich the population of cells in a specific phase of the cell cycle. Here, we develop a two-step protocol of sequential cell synchronization and desynchronization employing antimitotic SAC-inducing agents (i.e., nocodazole or paclitaxel) in combination with the depletion of the SAC kinase MPS1. We describe cytofluorometric and time-lapse videomicroscopy methods to detect cell cycle progression, including the assessment of cell cycle distribution, quantification of mitotic cell fraction, and analysis of single cell fate profile of living cells. We applied these methods to validate the synchronization-desynchronization protocol and to qualitatively and quantitatively determine the impact of SAC inactivation on the activity of antimitotic agents.
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Restuccia A, Yang F, Chen C, Lu L, Dai W. Mps1 is SUMO-modified during the cell cycle. Oncotarget 2016; 7:3158-70. [PMID: 26675261 PMCID: PMC4823097 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mps1 is a dual specificity protein kinase that regulates the spindle assembly checkpoint and mediates proper microtubule attachment to chromosomes during mitosis. However, the molecular mechanism that controls Mps1 protein level and its activity during the cell cycle remains unclear. Given that sumoylation plays an important role in mitotic progression, we investigated whether Mps1 was SUMO-modified and whether sumoylation affects its activity in mitosis. Our results showed that Mps1 was sumoylated in both asynchronized and mitotic cell populations. Mps1 was modified by both SUMO-1 and SUMO-2. Our further studies revealed that lysine residues including K71, K287, K367 and K471 were essential for Mps1 sumoylation. Sumoylation appeared to play a role in mediating kinetochore localization of Mps1, thus affecting normal mitotic progression. Furthermore, SUMO-resistant mutants of Mps1 interacted with BubR1 more efficiently than it did with the wild-type control. Combined, our results indicate that Mps1 is SUMO-modified that plays an essential role in regulating Mps1 functions during mitosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Restuccia
- Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Feikun Yang
- Departments of Environmental Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Medical Center, Tuxedo Park, NY, USA
| | - Changyan Chen
- Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lou Lu
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Wei Dai
- Departments of Environmental Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University Langone Medical Center, Tuxedo Park, NY, USA
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34
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Manic G, Corradi F, Sistigu A, Siteni S, Vitale I. Molecular Regulation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint by Kinases and Phosphatases. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 328:105-161. [PMID: 28069132 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a surveillance mechanism contributing to the preservation of genomic stability by monitoring the microtubule attachment to, and/or the tension status of, each kinetochore during mitosis. The SAC halts metaphase to anaphase transition in the presence of unattached and/or untensed kinetochore(s) by releasing the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) from these improperly-oriented kinetochores to inhibit the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). The reversible phosphorylation of a variety of substrates at the kinetochore by antagonistic kinases and phosphatases is one major signaling mechanism for promptly turning on or turning off the SAC. In such a complex network, some kinases act at the apex of the SAC cascade by either generating (monopolar spindle 1, MPS1/TTK and likely polo-like kinase 1, PLK1), or contributing to generate (Aurora kinase B) kinetochore phospho-docking sites for the hierarchical recruitment of the SAC proteins. Aurora kinase B, MPS1 and budding uninhibited by benzimidazoles 1 (BUB1) also promote sister chromatid biorientation by modulating kinetochore microtubule stability. Moreover, MPS1, BUB1, and PLK1 seem to play key roles in APC/C inhibition by mechanisms dependent and/or independent on MCC assembly. The protein phosphatase 1 and 2A (PP1 and PP2A) are recruited to kinetochores to oppose kinase activity. These phosphatases reverse the phosphorylation of kinetochore targets promoting the microtubule attachment stabilization, sister kinetochore biorientation and SAC silencing. The kinase-phosphatase network is crucial as it renders the SAC a dynamic, graded-signaling, high responsive, and robust process thereby ensuring timely anaphase onset and preventing the generation of proneoplastic aneuploidy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Manic
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy.
| | - F Corradi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - A Sistigu
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - S Siteni
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome "Roma Tre", Rome, Italy
| | - I Vitale
- Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy; Department of Biology, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.
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35
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Zhang X, Ling Y, Guo Y, Bai Y, Shi X, Gong F, Tan P, Zhang Y, Wei C, He X, Ramirez A, Liu X, Cao C, Zhong H, Xu Q, Ma RZ. Mps1 kinase regulates tumor cell viability via its novel role in mitochondria. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2292. [PMID: 27383047 PMCID: PMC4973343 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Targeting mitotic kinase monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1) for tumor therapy has been investigated for many years. Although it was suggested that Mps1 regulates cell viability through its role in spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), the underlying mechanism remains less defined. In an endeavor to reveal the role of high levels of mitotic kinase Mps1 in the development of colon cancer, we unexpectedly found the amount of Mps1 required for cell survival far exceeds that of maintaining SAC in aneuploid cell lines. This suggests that other functions of Mps1 besides SAC are also employed to maintain cell viability. Mps1 regulates cell viability independent of its role in cytokinesis as the genetic depletion of Mps1 spanning from metaphase to cytokinesis affects neither cytokinesis nor cell viability. Furthermore, we developed a single-cycle inhibition strategy that allows disruption of Mps1 function only in mitosis. Using this strategy, we found the functions of Mps1 in mitosis are vital for cell viability as short-term treatment of mitotic colon cancer cell lines with Mps1 inhibitors is sufficient to cause cell death. Interestingly, Mps1 inhibitors synergize with microtubule depolymerizing drug in promoting polyploidization but not in tumor cell growth inhibition. Finally, we found that Mps1 can be recruited to mitochondria by binding to voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) via its C-terminal fragment. This interaction is essential for cell viability as Mps1 mutant defective for interaction fails to main cell viability, causing the release of cytochrome c. Meanwhile, deprivation of VDAC1 can make tumor cells refractory to loss of Mps1-induced cell death. Collectively, we conclude that inhibition of the novel mitochondrial function Mps1 is sufficient to kill tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Y Ling
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Y Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Graduate School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100149, China
| | - Y Bai
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - X Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Graduate School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100149, China
| | - F Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Graduate School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100149, China
| | - P Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - C Wei
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - X He
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - A Ramirez
- University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - X Liu
- University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, CO 80302, USA
| | - C Cao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - H Zhong
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - Q Xu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100850, China
| | - R Z Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.,Graduate School, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100149, China
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36
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Isokane M, Walter T, Mahen R, Nijmeijer B, Hériché JK, Miura K, Maffini S, Ivanov MP, Kitajima TS, Peters JM, Ellenberg J. ARHGEF17 is an essential spindle assembly checkpoint factor that targets Mps1 to kinetochores. J Cell Biol 2016; 212:647-59. [PMID: 26953350 PMCID: PMC4792069 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201408089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) ensures genome stability during cell division. Here, a new essential SAC factor, ARHGEF17, is characterized by quantitative imaging, biochemical, and biophysical experiments, which show that it targets the checkpoint kinase Mps1 to kinetochores. To prevent genome instability, mitotic exit is delayed until all chromosomes are properly attached to the mitotic spindle by the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). In this study, we characterized the function of ARHGEF17, identified in a genome-wide RNA interference screen for human mitosis genes. Through a series of quantitative imaging, biochemical, and biophysical experiments, we showed that ARHGEF17 is essential for SAC activity, because it is the major targeting factor that controls localization of the checkpoint kinase Mps1 to the kinetochore. This mitotic function is mediated by direct interaction of the central domain of ARHGEF17 with Mps1, which is autoregulated by the activity of Mps1 kinase, for which ARHGEF17 is a substrate. This mitosis-specific role is independent of ARHGEF17’s RhoGEF activity in interphase. Our study thus assigns a new mitotic function to ARHGEF17 and reveals the molecular mechanism for a key step in SAC establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayumi Isokane
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Walter
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Mahen
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bianca Nijmeijer
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jean-Karim Hériché
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kota Miura
- Centre for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefano Maffini
- Department of Mechanistic Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Miroslav Penchev Ivanov
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tomoya S Kitajima
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan-Michael Peters
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Ellenberg
- Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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37
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Wengner AM, Siemeister G, Koppitz M, Schulze V, Kosemund D, Klar U, Stoeckigt D, Neuhaus R, Lienau P, Bader B, Prechtl S, Raschke M, Frisk AL, von Ahsen O, Michels M, Kreft B, von Nussbaum F, Brands M, Mumberg D, Ziegelbauer K. Novel Mps1 Kinase Inhibitors with Potent Antitumor Activity. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:583-92. [PMID: 26832791 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1) has been shown to function as the key kinase that activates the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) to secure proper distribution of chromosomes to daughter cells. Here, we report the structure and functional characterization of two novel selective Mps1 inhibitors, BAY 1161909 and BAY 1217389, derived from structurally distinct chemical classes. BAY 1161909 and BAY 1217389 inhibited Mps1 kinase activity with IC50 values below 10 nmol/L while showing an excellent selectivity profile. In cellular mechanistic assays, both Mps1 inhibitors abrogated nocodazole-induced SAC activity and induced premature exit from mitosis ("mitotic breakthrough"), resulting in multinuclearity and tumor cell death. Both compounds efficiently inhibited tumor cell proliferation in vitro (IC50 nmol/L range). In vivo, BAY 1161909 and BAY 1217389 achieved moderate efficacy in monotherapy in tumor xenograft studies. However, in line with its unique mode of action, when combined with paclitaxel, low doses of Mps1 inhibitor reduced paclitaxel-induced mitotic arrest by the weakening of SAC activity. As a result, combination therapy strongly improved efficacy over paclitaxel or Mps1 inhibitor monotreatment at the respective MTDs in a broad range of xenograft models, including those showing acquired or intrinsic paclitaxel resistance. Both Mps1 inhibitors showed good tolerability without adding toxicity to paclitaxel monotherapy. These preclinical findings validate the innovative concept of SAC abrogation for cancer therapy and justify clinical proof-of-concept studies evaluating the Mps1 inhibitors BAY 1161909 and BAY 1217389 in combination with antimitotic cancer drugs to enhance their efficacy and potentially overcome resistance. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(4); 583-92. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ulrich Klar
- Bayer Pharma AG, Drug Discovery, Berlin, Germany
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38
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Nemcova L, Jansova D, Vodickova-Kepkova K, Vodicka P, Jeseta M, Machatkova M, Kanka J. Detection of genes associated with developmental competence of bovine oocytes. Anim Reprod Sci 2016; 166:58-71. [PMID: 26811294 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The developmental competence of oocytes is acquired progressively during folliculogenesis and is linked to follicular size. It has been documented that oocytes originating from larger follicles exhibit a greater ability to develop to the blastocyst stage. The differences in cytoplasmic factors such as mRNA transcripts could explain the differences in oocyte developmental potential. We used bovine oligonucleotide microarrays to characterize differences between the gene expression profiles of germinal vesicle stage (GV) oocytes with greater developmental competence from medium follicles (MF) and those with less developmental competence from small follicles (SF). After normalizing the microarray data, our analysis found differences in the level of 60 transcripts (≥1.4 fold), corresponding to 49 upregulated and 11 downregulated transcripts in MF oocytes compared to SF oocytes. The gene expression data were classified according to gene ontology, the majority of the genes were associated with the regulation of transcription, translation, the cell cycle, and mitochondrial activity. A subset of 16 selected genes was validated for GV oocytes by quantitative real-time RT-PCR; significant differences (P˂0.01) were found in the level of TAF1A, MTRF1L, ATP5C1, UBL5 and MAP3K13 between the MF and SF oocytes. After maturation the transcript level remained stable for ATP5F1, BRD7, and UBL5 in both oocyte categories. The transcript level of another 13 genes substantially dropped in the MF and/or SF oocytes. It can be concluded that the developmental competence of bovine oocytes and embryos may be a quantitative trait dependent on small changes in the transcription profiles of many genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Nemcova
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Libechov, Czech Republic.
| | - Denisa Jansova
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Vodickova-Kepkova
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Libechov, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Vodicka
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Libechov, Czech Republic; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Michal Jeseta
- Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Machatkova
- Department of Genetics and Reproduction, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Kanka
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Libechov, Czech Republic
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39
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Srinivas V, Kitagawa M, Wong J, Liao PJ, Lee SH. The Tumor Suppressor Cdkn3 Is Required for Maintaining the Proper Number of Centrosomes by Regulating the Centrosomal Stability of Mps1. Cell Rep 2015; 13:1569-77. [PMID: 26586430 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Supernumerary centrosomes promote the assembly of abnormal spindles in many human cancers. The observation that modest changes in the centrosomal levels of Mps1 kinase can cause centrosome overduplication in human cells suggests the existence of a regulatory system that may tightly control its centrosomal stability. Here, we show that Cdkn3, a Cdk-associated phosphatase, prevents Mps1-mediated centrosome overduplication. We identify Cdkn3 as a direct binding partner of Mps1. The interaction between Mps1 and Cdkn3 is required for Mps1 to recruit Cdkn3 to centrosomes. Subsequently, Mps1-bound Cdkn3 forms a regulatory system that controls the centrosomal levels of Mps1 through proteasome-mediated degradation and thereby prevents Mps1-mediated centrosome overduplication. Conversely, knockdown of Cdkn3 stabilizes Mps1 at centrosomes, which promotes centrosome overduplication. We suggest that Mps1 and Cdkn3 form a self-regulated feedback loop at centrosomes to tightly control the centrosomal levels of Mps1, which prevents centrosome overduplication in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayaka Srinivas
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Mayumi Kitagawa
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Jasmine Wong
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Pei-Ju Liao
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Sang Hyun Lee
- Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore.
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40
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Yu ZC, Huang YF, Shieh SY. Requirement for human Mps1/TTK in oxidative DNA damage repair and cell survival through MDM2 phosphorylation. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 44:1133-50. [PMID: 26531827 PMCID: PMC4756815 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Human Mps1 (hMps1) is a protein kinase essential for mitotic checkpoints and the DNA damage response. Here, we present new evidence that hMps1 also participates in the repair of oxidative DNA lesions and cell survival through the MDM2-H2B axis. In response to oxidative stress, hMps1 phosphorylates MDM2, which in turn promotes histone H2B ubiquitination and chromatin decompaction. These events facilitate oxidative DNA damage repair and ATR-CHK1, but not ATM-CHK2 signaling. Depletion of hMps1 or MDM2 compromised H2B ubiquitination, DNA repair and cell survival. The impairment could be rescued by re-expression of WT but not the phospho-deficient MDM2 mutant, supporting the involvement of hMps1-dependent MDM2 phosphorylation in the oxidative stress response. In line with these findings, localization of RPA and base excision repair proteins to damage foci also requires MDM2 and hMps1. Significantly, like MDM2, hMps1 is upregulated in human sarcoma, suggesting high hMps1 and MDM2 expression may be beneficial for tumors constantly challenged by an oxidative micro-environment. Our study therefore identified an hMps1-MDM2-H2B signaling axis that likely plays a relevant role in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Cheng Yu
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fu Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Sheau-Yann Shieh
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No 1, Sec. 1, Jen-Ai Road, Taipei 100, Taiwan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Abstract
Over a century ago, centrosome aberrations were postulated to cause cancer by promoting genome instability. The mechanisms governing centrosome assembly and function are increasingly well understood, allowing for a timely reappraisal of this postulate. This Review discusses recent advances that shed new light on the relationship between centrosomes and cancer, and raise the possibility that centrosome aberrations contribute to this disease in different ways than initially envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Gönczy
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (ISREC), School of Life Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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42
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Molecular basis underlying resistance to Mps1/TTK inhibitors. Oncogene 2015; 35:2518-28. [PMID: 26364596 PMCID: PMC4867491 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Mps1/TTK is a dual-specificity kinase, with an essential role in mitotic checkpoint signaling, which has emerged as a potential target in cancer therapy. Several Mps1/TTK small-molecule inhibitors have been described that exhibit promising activity in cell culture and xenograft models. Here, we investigated whether cancer cells can develop resistance to these drugs. To this end, we treated various cancer cell lines with sublethal concentrations of a potent Mps1/TTK inhibitor in order to isolate inhibitor-resistant monoclonal cell lines. We identified four point mutations in the catalytic domain of Mps1/TTK that gave rise to inhibitor resistance but retained wild-type catalytic activity. Interestingly, cross-resistance of the identified mutations to other Mps1/TTK inhibitors is limited. Our studies predict that Mps1/TTK inhibitor-resistant tumor cells can arise through the acquisition of mutations in the adenosine triphosphate-binding pocket of the kinase that prevent stable binding of the inhibitors. In addition, our results suggest that combinations of inhibitors could be used to prevent acquisition of drug resistance. Interestingly, cross-resistance seems nonspecific for inhibitor scaffolds, a notion that can be exploited in future drug design to evict possible resistance mutations during clinical treatment.
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43
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Dynamic localization of Mps1 kinase to kinetochores is essential for accurate spindle microtubule attachment. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E4546-55. [PMID: 26240331 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1508791112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a conserved signaling pathway that monitors faithful chromosome segregation during mitosis. As a core component of SAC, the evolutionarily conserved kinase monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1) has been implicated in regulating chromosome alignment, but the underlying molecular mechanism remains unclear. Our molecular delineation of Mps1 activity in SAC led to discovery of a previously unidentified structural determinant underlying Mps1 function at the kinetochores. Here, we show that Mps1 contains an internal region for kinetochore localization (IRK) adjacent to the tetratricopeptide repeat domain. Importantly, the IRK region determines the kinetochore localization of inactive Mps1, and an accumulation of inactive Mps1 perturbs accurate chromosome alignment and mitotic progression. Mechanistically, the IRK region binds to the nuclear division cycle 80 complex (Ndc80C), and accumulation of inactive Mps1 at the kinetochores prevents a dynamic interaction between Ndc80C and spindle microtubules (MTs), resulting in an aberrant kinetochore attachment. Thus, our results present a previously undefined mechanism by which Mps1 functions in chromosome alignment by orchestrating Ndc80C-MT interactions and highlight the importance of the precise spatiotemporal regulation of Mps1 kinase activity and kinetochore localization in accurate mitotic progression.
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Connecting the microtubule attachment status of each kinetochore to cell cycle arrest through the spindle assembly checkpoint. Chromosoma 2015; 124:463-80. [PMID: 25917595 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-015-0515-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Kinetochores generate a signal that inhibits anaphase progression until every kinetochore makes proper attachments to spindle microtubules. This spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) increases the fidelity of chromosome segregation. We will review the molecular mechanisms by which kinetochores generate the SAC and extinguish the signal after making proper attachments, with the goal of identifying unanswered questions and new research directions. We will emphasize recent breakthroughs in how phosphorylation changes drive the activation and inhibition of the signal. We will also emphasize the dramatic changes in kinetochore structure that occur after attaching to microtubules and how these coordinate SAC function with microtubule attachment status. Finally, we will review the emerging cross talk between the DNA damage response and the SAC.
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Kusakabe KI, Ide N, Daigo Y, Itoh T, Yamamoto T, Kojima E, Mitsuoka Y, Tadano G, Tagashira S, Higashino K, Okano Y, Sato Y, Inoue M, Iguchi M, Kanazawa T, Ishioka Y, Dohi K, Kido Y, Sakamoto S, Ando S, Maeda M, Higaki M, Yoshizawa H, Murai H, Nakamura Y. A unique hinge binder of extremely selective aminopyridine-based Mps1 (TTK) kinase inhibitors with cellular activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:2247-60. [PMID: 25801152 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Mps1, also known as TTK, is a dual-specificity kinase that regulates the spindle assembly check point. Increased expression levels of Mps1 are observed in cancer cells, and the expression levels correlate well with tumor grade. Such evidence points to selective inhibition of Mps1 as an attractive strategy for cancer therapeutics. Starting from an aminopyridine-based lead 3a that binds to a flipped-peptide conformation at the hinge region in Mps1, elaboration of the aminopyridine scaffold at the 2- and 6-positions led to the discovery of 19c that exhibited no significant inhibition for 287 kinases as well as improved cellular Mps1 and antiproliferative activities in A549 lung carcinoma cells (cellular Mps1 IC₅₀=5.3 nM, A549 IC₅₀=26 nM). A clear correlation between cellular Mps1 and antiproliferative IC₅₀ values indicated that the antiproliferative activity observed in A549 cells would be responsible for the cellular inhibition of Mps1. The X-ray structure of 19c in complex with Mps1 revealed that this compound retains the ability to bind to the peptide flip conformation. Finally, comparative analysis of the X-ray structures of 19c, a deamino analogue 33, and a known Mps1 inhibitor bound to Mps1 provided insights into the unique binding mode at the hinge region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Kusakabe
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan.
| | - Nobuyuki Ide
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Yataro Daigo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Department of Medical Oncology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta Tsukinowa-cho, Otsu, Shiga 520-2192, Japan
| | - Takeshi Itoh
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Takahiko Yamamoto
- Innovative Drug Discovery Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Eiichi Kojima
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Yasunori Mitsuoka
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Genta Tadano
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Sachie Tagashira
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Kenichi Higashino
- Innovative Drug Discovery Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Yousuke Okano
- Innovative Drug Discovery Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Yuji Sato
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Makiko Inoue
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Motofumi Iguchi
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kanazawa
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Yukichi Ishioka
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Keiji Dohi
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Yasuto Kido
- Drug Developmental Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Shingo Sakamoto
- Drug Developmental Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Shigeru Ando
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Masahiro Maeda
- Innovative Drug Discovery Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Masayo Higaki
- Innovative Drug Discovery Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Hidenori Yoshizawa
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Murai
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakamura
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Human Genome Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
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Jia H, Zhang X, Wang W, Bai Y, Ling Y, Cao C, Ma RZ, Zhong H, Wang X, Xu Q. A putative N-terminal nuclear export sequence is sufficient for Mps1 nuclear exclusion during interphase. BMC Cell Biol 2015; 16:6. [PMID: 25886724 PMCID: PMC4373099 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-015-0048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mps1, an essential component of the mitotic checkpoint, is also an important interphase regulator and has roles in DNA damage response, cytokinesis and centrosome duplication. Mps1 predominantly resides in the cytoplasm and relocates into the nucleus at the late G2 phase. So far, the mechanism underlying the Mps1 translocation between the cytoplasm and nucleus has been unclear. RESULTS In this work, a dynamic export process of Mps1 from the nucleus to cytoplasm in interphase was revealed- a process blocked by the Crm1 inhibitor, Leptomycin B, suggesting that export of Mps1 is Crm1 dependent. Consistent with this speculation, a direct association between Mps1 and Crm1 was found. Furthermore, a putative nuclear export sequence (pNES) motif at the N-terminal of Mps1 was identified by analyzing the motif of Mps1. This motif shows a high sequence similarity to the classic NES, a fusion of this motif with EGFP results in dramatic exclusion of the fusion protein from the nucleus. Additionally, Mps1 mutant loss of pNES integrity was shown by replacing leucine with alanine which produced a diffused subcellular distribution, compared to the wild type protein which resides predominantly in cytoplasm. CONCLUSION Taken these findings together, it was concluded that the pNES sequence is sufficient for the Mps1 export from nucleus during interphase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Jia
- Navy General Hospital of China, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Xiaojuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Taiping road 27, POB 130(8), Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Bai
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Taiping road 27, POB 130(8), Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Youguo Ling
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Taiping road 27, POB 130(8), Beijing, 100850, China.
- Department of Life Science, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China.
| | - Cheng Cao
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Taiping road 27, POB 130(8), Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Runlin Z Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Hui Zhong
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Taiping road 27, POB 130(8), Beijing, 100850, China.
| | - Xue Wang
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Quanbin Xu
- Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Taiping road 27, POB 130(8), Beijing, 100850, China.
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Kusakabe KI, Ide N, Daigo Y, Itoh T, Yamamoto T, Hashizume H, Nozu K, Yoshida H, Tadano G, Tagashira S, Higashino K, Okano Y, Sato Y, Inoue M, Iguchi M, Kanazawa T, Ishioka Y, Dohi K, Kido Y, Sakamoto S, Ando S, Maeda M, Higaki M, Baba Y, Nakamura Y. Discovery of imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine derivatives: selective and orally available Mps1 (TTK) kinase inhibitors exhibiting remarkable antiproliferative activity. J Med Chem 2015; 58:1760-75. [PMID: 25625617 DOI: 10.1021/jm501599u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1) is an attractive oncology target due to its high expression level in cancer cells as well as the correlation of its expression levels with histological grades of cancers. An imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine 10a was identified during an HTS campaign. Although 10a exhibited good biochemical activity, its moderate cellular as well as antiproliferative activities needed to be improved. The cocrystal structure of an analogue of 10a guided our lead optimization to introduce substituents at the 6-position of the scaffold, giving the 6-aryl substituted 21b which had improved cellular activity but no oral bioavailability in rat. Property-based optimization at the 6-position and a scaffold change led to the discovery of the imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazine-based 27f, an extremely potent (cellular Mps1 IC50 = 0.70 nM, A549 IC50 = 6.0 nM), selective Mps1 inhibitor over 192 kinases, which could be orally administered and was active in vivo. This 27f demonstrated remarkable antiproliferative activity in the nanomolar range against various tissue cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Kusakabe
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, ‡Drug Developmental Research Laboratories, and §Innovative Drug Discovery Research Laboratories, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center , 1-1 Futaba-cho 3-chome, Toyonaka, Osaka 561-0825, Japan
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48
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Gudi R, Haycraft CJ, Bell PD, Li Z, Vasu C. Centrobin-mediated regulation of the centrosomal protein 4.1-associated protein (CPAP) level limits centriole length during elongation stage. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:6890-902. [PMID: 25616662 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.603423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule-based centrioles in the centrosome mediate accurate bipolar cell division, spindle orientation, and primary cilia formation. Cellular checkpoints ensure that the centrioles duplicate only once in every cell cycle and achieve precise dimensions, dysregulation of which results in genetic instability and neuro- and ciliopathies. The normal cellular level of centrosomal protein 4.1-associated protein (CPAP), achieved by its degradation at mitosis, is considered as one of the major mechanisms that limits centriole growth at a predetermined length. Here we show that CPAP levels and centriole elongation are regulated by centrobin. Exogenous expression of centrobin causes abnormal elongation of centrioles due to massive accumulation of CPAP in the cell. Conversely, CPAP was undetectable in centrobin-depleted cells, suggesting that it undergoes degradation in the absence of centrobin. Only the reintroduction of full-length centrobin, but not its mutant form that lacks the CPAP binding site, could restore cellular CPAP levels in centrobin-depleted cells, indicating that persistence of CPAP requires its interaction with centrobin. Interestingly, inhibition of the proteasome in centrobin-depleted cells restored the cellular and centriolar CPAP expression, suggesting its ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation when centrobin is absent. Intriguingly, however, centrobin-overexpressing cells also showed proteasome-independent accumulation of ubiquitinated CPAP and abnormal, ubiquitin-positive, elongated centrioles. Overall, our results show that centrobin interacts with ubiquitinated CPAP and prevents its degradation for normal centriole elongation function. Therefore, it appears that loss of centrobin expression destabilizes CPAP and triggers its degradation to restrict the centriole length during biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Gudi
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
| | | | | | - Zihai Li
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Chenthamarakshan Vasu
- From the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Surgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425
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Edgerton H, Paolillo V, Oakley BR. Spatial regulation of the spindle assembly checkpoint and anaphase-promoting complex in Aspergillus nidulans. Mol Microbiol 2014; 95:442-57. [PMID: 25417844 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) plays a critical role in preventing mitotic errors by inhibiting anaphase until all kinetochores are correctly attached to spindle microtubules. In spite of the economic and medical importance of filamentous fungi, relatively little is known about the behavior of SAC proteins in these organisms. In our efforts to understand the role of γ-tubulin in cell cycle regulation, we have created functional fluorescent protein fusions of four SAC proteins in Aspergillus nidulans, the homologs of Mad2, Mps1, Bub1/BubR1 and Bub3. Time-lapse imaging reveals that SAC proteins are in distinct compartments of the cell until early mitosis when they co-localize at the spindle pole body. SAC activity is, thus, spatially regulated in A. nidulans. Likewise, Cdc20, an activator of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome, is excluded from interphase nuclei, but enters nuclei at mitotic onset and accumulates to a higher level in mitotic nuclei than in the surrounding nucleoplasm before leaving in anaphase/telophase. The activity of this critical cell cycle regulatory complex is likely regulated by the location of Cdc20. Finally, the γ-tubulin mutation mipAD159 causes a nuclear-specific failure of nuclear localization of Mps1 and Bub1/R1 but not of Cdc20, Bub3 or Mad2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Edgerton
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, 1200 Sunnyside Ave., Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
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50
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Dynamic autophosphorylation of mps1 kinase is required for faithful mitotic progression. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104723. [PMID: 25265012 PMCID: PMC4179234 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a surveillance mechanism monitoring cell cycle progression, thus ensuring accurate chromosome segregation. The conserved mitotic kinase Mps1 is a key component of the SAC. The human Mps1 exhibits comprehensive phosphorylation during mitosis. However, the related biological relevance is largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that 8 autophosphorylation sites within the N-terminus of Mps1, outside of the catalytic domain, are involved in regulating Mps1 kinetochore localization. The phospho-mimicking mutant of the 8 autophosphorylation sites impairs Mps1 localization to kinetochore and also affects the kinetochore recruitment of BubR1 and Mad2, two key SAC effectors, subsequently leading to chromosome segregation errors. Interestingly, the non-phosphorylatable mutant of the 8 autophosphorylation sites enhances Mps1 kinetochore localization and delays anaphase onset. We further show that the Mps1 phospho-mimicking and non-phosphorylatable mutants do not affect metaphase chromosome congression. Thus, our results highlight the importance of dynamic autophosphorylation of Mps1 in regulating accurate chromosome segregation and ensuring proper mitotic progression.
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