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Zhou J, Deng Z, Pei X, Lai J, Qu W. DAB2IP stabilizes p27 Kip1 via suppressing PI3K/AKT signaling in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:326. [PMID: 37880458 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most lethal of the urologic malignancies. We previously discovered that DAB2IP, a novel Ras GTPase-activating protein, was frequently epigenetically silenced in RCC, and DAB2IP loss was correlated with the overall survival of RCC patients. In this study, we determined the biological functions of DAB2IP in clear cell RCC (ccRCC) and its potential mechanisms of action. Correlations between DAB2IP expression level and ccRCC tumor size and patient survival were analyzed, and the results showed that ccRCC patients with high DAB2IP mRNA level exhibited smaller tumor size and better survival than the patients with low DAB2IP. Compared to control, DAB2IP knockdown significantly increased cell proliferation, promoted cell cycle progression in G1/S phase, and decreased p27 expression. Mechanism studies demonstrated that loss of DAB2IP promoted p27 protein phosphorylation, cytosolic sequestration, and subsequently ubiquitination-mediated degradation in ccRCC cells. Further studies confirmed that the proline-rich domain in C terminal (CPR) of DAB2IP suppressed AKT phosphorylation and p27 phosphorylation on S10. Hence, DAB2IP is essential for p27 protein stabilization in ccRCC, which is at less partly mediated by PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiancheng Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhuo Deng
- Department of Gynecology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xinqi Pei
- Department of Urology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiawei Lai
- Department of Urology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weixing Qu
- Department of Urology, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an, 710068, Shaanxi, China.
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2
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Li Y, Wang S, Jin K, Jin W, Si L, Zhang H, Tian H. UHMK1 promotes lung adenocarcinoma oncogenesis by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Thorac Cancer 2023; 14:1077-1088. [PMID: 36919755 PMCID: PMC10125785 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective targeted therapy for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), the number one cancer killer worldwide, continues to be a difficult problem because of the limitation of number of applicable patients and acquired resistance. Identifying more promising drug targets for LUAD treatment holds immense clinical significance. Recent studies have revealed that the U2 auxiliary factor (U2AF) homology motif kinase 1 (UHMK1) is a robust pro-oncogenic factor in many cancers. However, its biological functions and the underlying molecular mechanisms in LUAD have not been investigated. METHODS The UHMK1 expression in LUAD cells and tissues was evaluated by bioinformatics analysis, immunohistochemistry (IHC), western blotting (WB), and real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) assays. A series of gain- and loss-of-function experiments for UHMK1 were carried out to investigate its biological functions in LUAD in vitro and in vivo. The mechanisms underlying UHMK1's effects in LUAD were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing and WB assays. RESULTS UHMK1 expression was aberrantly elevated in LUAD tumors and cell lines and positively correlated with tumor size and unfavorable patient prognosis. Functionally, UHMK1 displayed robust pro-oncogenic capacity in LUAD and mechanistically exerted its biological effects via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. CONCLUSION UHMK1 is a potent oncogene in LUAD. Targeting UHMK1 may significantly improve the effect of LUAD treatment via inhibiting multiple biological ways of LUAD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmeng Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Kai Jin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenxing Jin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Libo Si
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Huiying Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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3
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Huang J, Tan X, Liu Y, Jiang K, Luo J. Knockdown of UBE2I inhibits tumorigenesis and enhances chemosensitivity of cholangiocarcinoma via modulating p27kip1 nuclear export. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:700-715. [PMID: 36825757 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The asymptomatic nature of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), particularly during its early stages, in combination with its high aggressiveness and chemoresistance, significantly compromises the efficacy of current therapeutic options, contributing to a dismal prognosis. As a tumor suppressor that inhibits the cell cycle, abnormal cytoplasmic p27kip1 localization is related to chemotherapy resistance and often occurs in various cancers, including CCA. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism is unclear. SUMOylation, which is involved in regulating subcellular localization and the cell cycle, is a posttranslational modification that regulates p27kip1 activity. Here, we confirmed that UBE2I, as the only key enzyme for SUMOylation, was highly expressed and p27kip1 was downregulated in CCA tissues, which were associated with poor outcomes in CCA. Moreover, UBE2I silencing inhibited CCA cell proliferation, delayed xenograft tumor growth in vivo, and sensitized CCA cells to the chemotherapeutics, which may be due to cell cycle arrest induced by p27kip1 nuclear accumulation. According to the immunoprecipitation result, we found that UBE2I could bind p27kip1, and the binding amount of p27kip1 and SUMO-1 decreased after UBE2I silencing. Moreover, nuclear retention of p27kip1 was induced by UBE2I knockdown and SUMOylation or CRM1 inhibition, further suggesting that UBE2I could cooperate with CRM1 in the nuclear export of p27kip1. These data indicate that UBE2I-mediated SUMOylation is a novel regulatory mechanism that underlies p27kip1 export and controls CCA tumorigenesis, providing a therapeutic option for CCA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Tan
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Kainian Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
| | - Jian Luo
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, PR China
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4
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Arfelli VC, Chang YC, Bagnoli JW, Kerbs P, Ciamponi FE, Paz LMDS, Pankivskyi S, de Matha Salone J, Maucuer A, Massirer KB, Enard W, Kuster B, Greif PA, Archangelo LF. UHMK1 is a novel splicing regulatory kinase. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:103041. [PMID: 36803961 PMCID: PMC10033318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.103041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The U2AF Homology Motif Kinase 1 (UHMK1) is the only kinase that contains the U2AF homology motif, a common protein interaction domain among splicing factors. Through this motif, UHMK1 interacts with the splicing factors SF1 and SF3B1, known to participate in the 3' splice site recognition during the early steps of spliceosome assembly. Although UHMK1 phosphorylates these splicing factors in vitro, the involvement of UHMK1 in RNA processing has not previously been demonstrated. Here, we identify novel putative substrates of this kinase and evaluate UHMK1 contribution to overall gene expression and splicing, by integrating global phosphoproteomics, RNA-seq, and bioinformatics approaches. Upon UHMK1 modulation, 163 unique phosphosites were differentially phosphorylated in 117 proteins, of which 106 are novel potential substrates of this kinase. Gene Ontology analysis showed enrichment of terms previously associated with UHMK1 function, such as mRNA splicing, cell cycle, cell division, and microtubule organization. The majority of the annotated RNA-related proteins are components of the spliceosome but are also involved in several steps of gene expression. Comprehensive analysis of splicing showed that UHMK1 affected over 270 alternative splicing events. Moreover, splicing reporter assay further supported UHMK1 function on splicing. Overall, RNA-seq data demonstrated that UHMK1 knockdown had a minor impact on transcript expression and pointed to UHMK1 function in epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Functional assays demonstrated that UHMK1 modulation affects proliferation, colony formation, and migration. Taken together, our data implicate UHMK1 as a splicing regulatory kinase, connecting protein regulation through phosphorylation and gene expression in key cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa C Arfelli
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yun-Chien Chang
- Proteomics and Bioanalytics, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Johannes W Bagnoli
- Anthropology & Human Genomics, Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Martinsried, Germany
| | - Paul Kerbs
- Laboratory for Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research, Munich University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Felipe E Ciamponi
- Center for Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Laissa M da S Paz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Serhii Pankivskyi
- SABNP, Univ Evry, INSERM U1204, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | | | - Alexandre Maucuer
- SABNP, Univ Evry, INSERM U1204, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Katlin B Massirer
- Center for Medicinal Chemistry (CQMED), Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wolfgang Enard
- Anthropology & Human Genomics, Department of Biology II, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU), Martinsried, Germany
| | - Bernhard Kuster
- Proteomics and Bioanalytics, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Freising, Germany
| | - Philipp A Greif
- Laboratory for Experimental Leukemia and Lymphoma Research, Munich University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Leticia Fröhlich Archangelo
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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5
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Schirripa A, Sexl V, Kollmann K. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors in malignant hematopoiesis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:916682. [PMID: 36033505 PMCID: PMC9403899 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.916682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell-cycle is a tightly orchestrated process where sequential steps guarantee cellular growth linked to a correct DNA replication. The entire cell division is controlled by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). CDK activation is balanced by the activating cyclins and CDK inhibitors whose correct expression, accumulation and degradation schedule the time-flow through the cell cycle phases. Dysregulation of the cell cycle regulatory proteins causes the loss of a controlled cell division and is inevitably linked to neoplastic transformation. Due to their function as cell-cycle brakes, CDK inhibitors are considered as tumor suppressors. The CDK inhibitors p16INK4a and p15INK4b are among the most frequently altered genes in cancer, including hematopoietic malignancies. Aberrant cell cycle regulation in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) bears severe consequences on hematopoiesis and provokes hematological disorders with a broad array of symptoms. In this review, we focus on the importance and prevalence of deregulated CDK inhibitors in hematological malignancies.
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6
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UHMK1 aids colorectal cancer cell proliferation and chemoresistance through augmenting IL-6/STAT3 signaling. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:424. [PMID: 35501324 PMCID: PMC9061793 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04877-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UHMK1, a serine/threonine kinase with a U2AF homology motif, is implicated in RNA processing and protein phosphorylation. Increasing evidence has indicated its involvement in tumorigenesis. However, it remains to be elucidated whether UHMK1 plays a role in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we demonstrated that UHMK1 was frequently upregulated in CRC samples compared with adjacent normal tissue and high expression of UHMK1 predicted poor outcomes. Knockdown of UHMK1 by siRNAs restrained CRC cell proliferation and increased oxaliplatin sensitivity, whereas overexpression of UHMK1 promoted CRC cell growth and oxaliplatin resistance, suggesting that UHMK1 plays important oncogenic roles in CRC. Mechanistically, we showed that UHMK1 had a significant effect on IL6/STAT3 signaling by interacting with STAT3. The interaction of UHMK1 with STAT3 enhanced STAT3 activity in regulating gene transcription. Furthermore, we found that STAT3 could in turn transcriptionally activate UHMK1 expression in CRC cells. The complementary experiments for cell growth and oxaliplatin resistance indicated the interdependent relationship between UHMK1 and STAT3. Thus, these collective findings uncovered a new UHMK1/STAT3 positive feedback regulatory loop contributing to CRC development and chemoresistance.
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7
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Luo Y, Han S, Yan B, Ji H, Zhao L, Gladkich J, Herr I. UHMK1 Is a Novel Marker for Personalized Prediction of Pancreatic Cancer Prognosis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:834647. [PMID: 35359403 PMCID: PMC8960145 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.834647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the leading causes of cancer mortality, and new therapeutic options are urgently needed. Long noncoding RNA H19 (H19) is known to promote PDAC progression, but the downstream genes of H19 are largely unknown. Five PDAC cell lines, nonmalignant pancreatic cells, TCGA, GEO-derived pancreatic tissues (malignant, n=413; nonmalignant, n=234), a pancreatic tissue array (n=96), and pancreatic tissues from our clinic (malignant, n=20; nonmalignant, n=20) were examined by a gene array, RT-qPCR, Western blotting, MTT, colony formation, wound-healing, siRNA-mediated gene silencing, bioinformatics, xenotransplantation, and immunohistochemistry assays. The cell cycle inhibitor, UHMK1, was identified to have the strongest correlation with H19. UHMK1 expression was enhanced in PDAC, and high UHMK1 expression correlated with tumor stage, and lower overall survival. siRNA-mediated UHMK1 downregulation inhibited progression signaling. siRNA-mediated downregulation of H19 or UHMK1 inhibited tumor proliferation and xenograft growth. Based on the correlation between UHMK1 expression and clinical parameters, we developed a nomogram that reliably predicts patient prognosis and overall survival. Together, we characterized UHMK1 as an H19-induced oncogene and verified it as a novel PDAC prognostic marker for overall survival.
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8
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Smith LK, Parmenter T, Kleinschmidt M, Kusnadi EP, Kang J, Martin CA, Lau P, Patel R, Lorent J, Papadopoli D, Trigos A, Ward T, Rao AD, Lelliott EJ, Sheppard KE, Goode D, Hicks RJ, Tiganis T, Simpson KJ, Larsson O, Blythe B, Cullinane C, Wickramasinghe VO, Pearson RB, McArthur GA. Adaptive translational reprogramming of metabolism limits the response to targeted therapy in BRAF V600 melanoma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1100. [PMID: 35232962 PMCID: PMC8888590 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28705-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of therapies targeting oncogenes in cancer, clinical outcomes are limited by residual disease that ultimately results in relapse. This residual disease is often characterized by non-genetic adaptive resistance, that in melanoma is characterised by altered metabolism. Here, we examine how targeted therapy reprograms metabolism in BRAF-mutant melanoma cells using a genome-wide RNA interference (RNAi) screen and global gene expression profiling. Using this systematic approach we demonstrate post-transcriptional regulation of metabolism following BRAF inhibition, involving selective mRNA transport and translation. As proof of concept we demonstrate the RNA processing kinase U2AF homology motif kinase 1 (UHMK1) associates with mRNAs encoding metabolism proteins and selectively controls their transport and translation during adaptation to BRAF-targeted therapy. UHMK1 inactivation induces cell death by disrupting therapy induced metabolic reprogramming, and importantly, delays resistance to BRAF and MEK combination therapy in multiple in vivo models. We propose selective mRNA processing and translation by UHMK1 constitutes a mechanism of non-genetic resistance to targeted therapy in melanoma by controlling metabolic plasticity induced by therapy. Different adaptive mechanisms have been reported to reduce the efficacy of mutant BRAF inhibition in melanoma. Here, the authors show BRAF inhibition induces the translational regulation of metabolic genes leading to acquired therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorey K Smith
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Tiffany Parmenter
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Eric P Kusnadi
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jian Kang
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Claire A Martin
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Peter Lau
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Riyaben Patel
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julie Lorent
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Papadopoli
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anna Trigos
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Teresa Ward
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Aparna D Rao
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emily J Lelliott
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karen E Sheppard
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Goode
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rodney J Hicks
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tony Tiganis
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kaylene J Simpson
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ola Larsson
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research and Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Benjamin Blythe
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carleen Cullinane
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vihandha O Wickramasinghe
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard B Pearson
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Grant A McArthur
- Cancer Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. .,Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
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9
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Niu H, Zhao M, Huang J, Wang J, Si Y, Cheng S, Ding W. UHMK1-dependent phosphorylation of Cajal body protein coilin alters 5-FU sensitivity in colon cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:18. [PMID: 35151311 PMCID: PMC8841122 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00820-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in chemotherapy and recurrence of colorectal tumors is a serious concern that impedes improvements to clinical outcomes. In the present study, we found that conditioned medium (CM) derived from 5-FU-resistant HCT-8/FU cells reduced 5-FU chemosensitivity in HCT-8 colon cancer cells, with corresponding changes to number and morphology of Cajal bodies (CBs) as observable nuclear structures. We found that U2AF homology motif kinase 1 (UHMK1) altered CB disassembly and reassembly and regulated the phosphorylation of coilin, a major component of CBs. This subsequently resulted in a large number of variations in RNA alternative splicing that affected cell survival following 5-FU treatment, induced changes in intracellular phenotype, and transmitted preadaptive signals to adjacent cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Our findings suggest that CBs may be useful for indicating drug sensitivity or resistance in tumor cells in response to stress signals. The results also suggest that UHMK1 may be an important factor for maintaining CB structure and morphology by regulating splicing events, especially following cellular exposure to cytotoxic drugs.
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10
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Kometani T, Kawasaki Y, Chibazakura T. Differential regulation of p27Kip1 depending on culture conditions and its correlation with status of p14ARF and p53. Genes Cells 2022; 27:229-237. [PMID: 35014130 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
p27Kip1 is known as a major cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor and a tumor suppressor, and often functionally hampered at protein level. p27 protein expression levels are frequently low in various cancers and negatively correlated with malignancy of cancer. However, in our previous study, we discovered that p27 overexpression does not inhibit the proliferation of two cancer cell lines due to a functional suppression of p27 by nucleophosmin isoform 1 (NPM1); that is, a qualitative, not quantitative, suppression of p27 function occurs in these cancer cell lines. To clarify the regulation of p27 in several types of cancer, we investigated p27 function in other cancer cell lines, based on proliferation assays in those cell lines carrying doxycycline-inducible p27, and found that MDAH041 cells which express p14ARF, an antagonist of NPM1, show growth inhibition depending on p27 induction. Moreover, to investigate p27 function under anchorage-independent culture conditions, we performed soft agar colony formation assay and observed that the colony formation of some cell lines carrying wild-type p53, a major tumor suppressor, was inhibited depending on p27 induction. These results suggest that p27 function is regulated differentially among cancer cell types under anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Kometani
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaro Kawasaki
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Chibazakura
- Department of Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Coulonval K, Vercruysse V, Paternot S, Pita JM, Corman R, Raspé E, Roger PP. Monoclonal antibodies to activated CDK4: use to investigate normal and cancerous cell cycle regulation and involvement of phosphorylations of p21 and p27. Cell Cycle 2021; 21:12-32. [PMID: 34913830 PMCID: PMC8837260 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2021.1984663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) is a master integrator that couples mitogenic/oncogenic signaling with the cell division cycle. It is deregulated in most cancers and inhibitors of CDK4 have become standard of care drugs for metastatic estrogen-receptor positive breast cancers and are being evaluated in a variety of other cancers. We previously characterized the T-loop phosphorylation at T172 of CDK4 as the highly regulated step that determines the activity of cyclin D-CDK4 complexes. Moreover we demonstrated that the highly variable detection of T172-phosphorylated CDK4 signals the presence or absence of the active CDK4 targeted by the CDK4/6 inhibitory drugs, which predicts the tumor cell sensitivity to these drugs including palbociclib. To date, the phosphorylation of CDK4 has been very poorly studied because only few biochemical techniques and reagents are available for it. In addition, the available ones including 2D-IEF separation of CDK4 modified forms are considered too tedious. The present report describes the generation, selection and characterization of the first monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize the active CDK4 phosphorylated on its T172 residue. One key to this success was the immunization with a long phosphopeptide corresponding to the complete activation segment of CDK4. These monoclonal antibodies specifically recognize T172-phosphorylated CDK4 in a variety of assays, including western blotting, immunoprecipitation and, as a capture antibody, a sensitive ELISA from cell lysates. The specific immunoprecipitation of T172-phosphorylated CDK4 allowed to clarify the involvement of phosphorylations of co-immunoprecipitated p21 and p27, showing a privileged interaction of T172-phosphorylated CDK4 with S130-phosphorylated p21 and S10-phosphorylated p27.
Abbreviations:
2D: two-dimensional; CAK: CDK-activating kinase; CDK: cyclin-dependent kinase; HAT: Hypoxanthine-Aminopterin-Thymidine; FBS: fetal bovine serum; IP: immunoprecipitation; ID: immunodetection; mAb: monoclonal antibody; PAGE: polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; PBS: phosphate buffer saline; pRb: retinoblastoma susceptibility protein; SDS: sodium dodecyl sulfate; DTT: dithiotreitol; TET: tetracyclin repressor; Avi: Avi tag; TEV: tobacco etch virus cleavage site; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; BirA: bifunctional protein biotin ligase BirA; IRES: internal ribosome entry site; HIS: poly-HIS purification tag; DELFIA: dissociation-enhanced lanthanide fluorescent immunoassay; 3-MBPP1: 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3[(3-methylphenyl) methyl]-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d] pyrimidin-4-amine; BSA: bovine serum albumin; ECL: Enhanced chemiluminescence
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Coulonval
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (Iribhm) and ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-crc), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent Vercruysse
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (Iribhm) and ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-crc), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sabine Paternot
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (Iribhm) and ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-crc), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jaime M Pita
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (Iribhm) and ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-crc), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Robert Corman
- Kaneka Eurogentec, Liège Science Park, Seraing, Belgium
| | - Eric Raspé
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (Iribhm) and ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-crc), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre P Roger
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Research (Iribhm) and ULB-Cancer Research Center (U-crc), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Erasme, Brussels, Belgium
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12
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Deng Y, Jin H. Effects of menopausal hormone therapy-based on the role of estrogens, progestogens, and their metabolites in proliferation of breast cancer cells. Cancer Biol Med 2021; 19:j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0344. [PMID: 34779589 PMCID: PMC9088189 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2021.0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) has been widely used for the clinical treatment of symptoms associated with menopause in women. However, the exact nature of the relationship between MHT and the increased risk of breast cancer has not been fully elucidated. The results of the Women's Health Initiative's randomized controlled clinical studies showed that estrogen monotherapy was associated with a lower incidence of breast cancer as compared to estrogen-progesterone combined therapy, with an elevated risk of breast cancer. The evidence currently available from randomized trials and observational studies is based on data from different populations, drug formulations, and routes of administration. Even though the risks of MHT and breast cancer have received a great deal of attention, information regarding the unpredictable toxicological risks of estrogen and progestogen metabolism needs to be further analyzed. Furthermore, the diversity and complexity of the metabolic pathways of estrogen and different progestogens as well as the association of the different estrogen and progestogen metabolites with the increased risk of breast cancer need to be adequately studied. Therefore, this review aimed to describe the biological effects of estrogen, progesterone, and their metabolites on the proliferation of breast cancer cells, based on relevant basic research and clinical trials, to improve our understanding of the biological functions of estrogen and progestogen as well as the safety of MHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Deng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Hongyan Jin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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13
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McKay LK, White JP. The AMPK/p27 Kip1 Pathway as a Novel Target to Promote Autophagy and Resilience in Aged Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061430. [PMID: 34201101 PMCID: PMC8229180 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Once believed to solely function as a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, p27Kip1 is now emerging as a critical mediator of autophagy, cytoskeletal dynamics, cell migration and apoptosis. During periods of metabolic stress, the subcellular location of p27Kip1 largely dictates its function. Cytoplasmic p27Kip1 has been found to be promote cellular resilience through autophagy and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. Nuclear p27Kip1, however, inhibits cell cycle progression and makes the cell susceptible to quiescence, apoptosis, and/or senescence. Cellular location of p27Kip1 is regulated, in part, by phosphorylation by various kinases, including Akt and AMPK. Aging promotes nuclear localization of p27Kip1 and a predisposition to senescence or apoptosis. Here, we will review the role of p27Kip1 in healthy and aging cells with a particular emphasis on the interplay between autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren K. McKay
- Adams School of Dentistry, UNC Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, 300 N. Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - James P. White
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, 300 N. Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, 300 N. Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, 300 N. Duke Street, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Correspondence:
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Wang H, Luo J, Tian X, Xu L, Zhai Z, Cheng M, Chen L, Luo S. DNAJC5 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma cells proliferation though regulating SKP2 mediated p27 degradation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:118994. [PMID: 33662413 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.118994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
DNAJC5 (DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member C5), also known as cysteine tandem protein (CSPα), is important for maintaining the normal function of nerve tissues, but its oncogenic function remains unknown. Here, we report a unique mechanism underlying the oncogenic function of DNAJC5. DNAJC5 protein expression is highly detectable in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and is strongly related to a poor prognosis among HCC patients. DNAJC5 overexpression promotes HCC cell proliferation and reduced the ratio of cells in G1 phase of the cell cycle. Furthermore, DNAJC5 interacts with SKP2 and enhances the degradation of p27 (a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor1B) by promoting formation of the SKP2-p27 complex. In contrast, DNAJC5 knockdown rescues the SKP2-mediated decrease in p27 protein levels. These results reveal that the DNAJC5-SKP2-p27 pathway is a novel mechanism for the oncogenic function of DNAJC5 in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Wang
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jiayu Luo
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xuesi Tian
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Linlin Xu
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhai
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Minzhang Cheng
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Limin Chen
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shiwen Luo
- Center for Experimental Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China; Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Precision Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China.
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15
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Bencivenga D, Stampone E, Aulitto A, Tramontano A, Barone C, Negri A, Roberti D, Perrotta S, Della Ragione F, Borriello A. A cancer-associated CDKN1B mutation induces p27 phosphorylation on a novel residue: a new mechanism for tumor suppressor loss-of-function. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:915-941. [PMID: 33316141 PMCID: PMC8024736 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
CDKN1B haploinsufficiency promotes the development of several human cancers. The gene encodes p27Kip1, a protein playing pivotal roles in the control of growth, differentiation, cytoskeleton dynamics, and cytokinesis. CDKN1B haploinsufficiency has been associated with chromosomal or gene aberrations. However, very few data exist on the mechanisms by which CDKN1B missense mutations facilitate carcinogenesis. Here, we report a functional study on a cancer‐associated germinal p27Kip1 variant, namely glycine9‐>arginine‐p27Kip1 (G9R‐p27Kip1) identified in a parathyroid adenoma. We unexpectedly found that G9R‐p27Kip1 lacks the major tumor suppressor activities of p27Kip1 including its antiproliferative and pro‐apoptotic functions. In addition, G9R‐p27Kip1 transfection in cell lines induces the formation of more numerous and larger spheres when compared to wild‐type p27Kip1‐transfected cells. We demonstrated that the mutation creates a consensus sequence for basophilic kinases causing a massive phosphorylation of G9R‐p27Kip1 on S12, a residue normally never found modified in p27Kip1. The novel S12 phosphorylation appears responsible for the loss of function of G9R‐p27Kip1 since S12AG9R‐p27Kip1 recovers most of the p27Kip1 tumor suppressor activities. In addition, the expression of the phosphomimetic S12D‐p27Kip1 recapitulates G9R‐p27Kip1 properties. Mechanistically, S12 phosphorylation enhances the nuclear localization of the mutant protein and also reduces its cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK)2/CDK1 inhibition activity. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of quantitative phosphorylation of a p27Kip1 variant on a physiologically unmodified residue associated with the loss of several tumor suppressor activities. In addition, our findings demonstrate that haploinsufficiency might be due to unpredictable post‐translational modifications due to generation of novel consensus sequences by cancer‐associated missense mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Bencivenga
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Emanuela Stampone
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Arianna Aulitto
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Annunziata Tramontano
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Clementina Barone
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Aide Negri
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Italy
| | - Domenico Roberti
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Silverio Perrotta
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Fulvio Della Ragione
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Adriana Borriello
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Wang J, Ni X, Shen S, Zhang D, Ni X, Suo T, Lu P, Fan K, Liu H, Liu H. Phosphorylation at Ser10 triggered p27 degradation and promoted gallbladder carcinoma cell migration and invasion by regulating stathmin1 under glucose deficiency. Cell Signal 2021; 80:109923. [PMID: 33444777 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.109923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Gallbladder carcinoma (GBC) is a considerable challenge because of its high metastatic potential. The tumor microenvironment is characterized by nutrient starvation, which promotes tumor metastasis. Stathmin1, an important microtubuleregulating protein, is overexpressed and promotes metastasis in GBC. It remains unclear how the harsh tumor microenvironment regulates stathmin1 expression to affect GBC metastasis. We employed glucose deficiency to mimic nutrient starvation and found that glucose deficiency upregulated stathmin1 transcription. However, glucose deficiency also promoted p27 degradation. There was a significant negative correlation between stathmin1 and p27 protein levels under glucose deficiency. Further study revealed that, under glucose deficiency, human kinase interacting with stathmin (hKIS) induced phosphorylation at Ser10 of p27 and its translocation to the cytoplasm for degradation, which upregulated the transcription factor E2F1 to promote stathmin1 transcription. hKIS knockdown significantly inhibited p27 cytoplasmic translocation and its consequent degradation. Stathmin1 knockdown significantly inhibited GBC cell migration and invasion in vitro. Our study revealed the role of the hKIS/p27/E2F1 axis in upregulating stathmin1 transcription to promote GBC cell migration and invasion under glucose deficiency conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiwen Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, General Surgery Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Cancer Center, ZhongShan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaojian Ni
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, General Surgery Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Cancer Center, ZhongShan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Sheng Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, General Surgery Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Cancer Center, ZhongShan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dexiang Zhang
- General Surgery Department, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaoling Ni
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, General Surgery Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Cancer Center, ZhongShan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tao Suo
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, General Surgery Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Cancer Center, ZhongShan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Pinxiang Lu
- General Surgery Department, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Kun Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, General Surgery Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Cancer Center, ZhongShan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; General Surgery Department, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.
| | - Han Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, General Surgery Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Cancer Center, ZhongShan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Houbao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, General Surgery Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Biliary Tract Disease Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Biliary Tract Disease Center of Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Cancer Center, ZhongShan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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17
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Mousavi SZ, Poortahmasebi V, Mokhtari-Azad T, Shahmahmoodi S, Farahmand M, Farzanehpour M, Jalilvand S. The dysregulation of microarray gene expression in cervical cancer is associated with overexpression of a unique messenger RNA signature. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2020; 12:629-635. [PMID: 33613919 PMCID: PMC7884268 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v12i6.5039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the fourth most common cause of cervical cancer (CC). The aim of the present study was to investigate gene expression levels of previously identified transcriptional signatures for malignant and non-malignant CC. Materials and Methods: To validate of previously analyzed microarray gene expression data, we selected two hub genes (CDK1 and PLK1) and four differentially expressed mRNAs that were common in pre-malignant-normal and malignant-pre-malignant networks (SMS, NNT, UHMK1 and DEPDC1). To this purpose, the study included women diagnosed histologically with malignant CC (n=15), pre-malignant (n=15), and normal subjects (n=15). The expression of six host genes and viral E6/E7 genes were measured by quantitative Real-Time PCR. Results: The results showed higher expression of CDK1/PLK1 hub genes and SMS, NNT and UHMK1 genes in malignant CC group than non-malignant CC group and normal group. A positive correlation was observed between gene expression of viral E6/E7 oncogenes and UHMK1 gene. Conclusion: Dysregulation of several mRNA signatures are a common feature of CC and can be potentially used as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as can be applied to therapeutic targets for CC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedeh Zahra Mousavi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahdat Poortahmasebi
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Talat Mokhtari-Azad
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Shahmahmoodi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Farahmand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Farzanehpour
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Jalilvand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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18
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Kometani T, Arai T, Chibazakura T. Increased Expression of NPM1 Suppresses p27 Kip1 Function in Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12102886. [PMID: 33050036 PMCID: PMC7600800 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
p27Kip1, a major cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, is frequently expressed at low levels in cancers, which correlates with their malignancy. However, in this study, we found a qualitative suppression of p27 overexpressed in some cancer cells. By proteomic screening for factors interacting with p27, we identified nucleophosmin isoform 1 (NPM1) as a novel p27-interacting factor and observed that NPM1 protein was expressed at high levels in some cancer cells. NPM1 overexpression in normal cells suppressed p27 function, and conversely, NPM1 knockdown in cancer cells restored the function in vitro. Furthermore, the tumors derived from cancer cells carrying the combination of p27 overexpression and NPM1 knockdown constructs showed significant suppression of growth as compared with those carrying other combinations in mouse xenograft models. These results strongly suggest that increased expression of NPM1 qualitatively suppresses p27 function in cancer cells.
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19
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Chu YD, Lin WR, Lin YH, Kuo WH, Tseng CJ, Lim SN, Huang YL, Huang SC, Wu TJ, Lin KH, Yeh CT. COX5B-Mediated Bioenergetic Alteration Regulates Tumor Growth and Migration by Modulating AMPK-UHMK1-ERK Cascade in Hepatoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061646. [PMID: 32580279 PMCID: PMC7352820 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The oxidative phosphorylation machinery in mitochondria, which generates the main bioenergy pool in cells, includes four enzyme complexes for electron transport and ATP synthase. Among them, the cytochrome c oxidase (COX), which constitutes the fourth complex, has been suggested as the major regulatory site. Recently, abnormalities in COX were linked to tumor progression in several cancers. However, it remains unclear whether COX and its subunits play a role in tumor progression of hepatoma. To search for the key regulatory factor(s) in COX for hepatoma development, in silico analysis using public transcriptomic database followed by validation for postoperative outcome associations using independent in-house patient cohorts was performed. In which, COX5B was highly expressed in hepatoma and associated with unfavorable postoperative prognosis. In addressing the role of COX5B in hepatoma, the loss- and gain-of-function experiments for COX5B were conducted. Consequently, COX5B expression was associated with increased hepatoma cell proliferation, migration and xenograft growth. Downstream effectors searched by cDNA microarray analysis identified UHMK1, an oncogenic protein, which manifested a positively correlated expression level of COX5B. The COX5B-mediated regulatory event on UHMK1 expression was subsequently demonstrated as bioenergetic alteration-dependent activation of AMPK in hepatoma cells. Phosphoproteomic analysis uncovered activation of ERK- and stathmin-mediated pathways downstream of UHMK1. Finally, comprehensive phenotypic assays supported the impacts of COX5B-UHMK1-ERK axis on hepatoma cell growth and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-De Chu
- Liver Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-D.C.); (W.-R.L.); (Y.-H.L.); (W.-H.K.); (T.-J.W.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Wey-Ran Lin
- Liver Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-D.C.); (W.-R.L.); (Y.-H.L.); (W.-H.K.); (T.-J.W.); (K.-H.L.)
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-J.T.); (S.-N.L.)
| | - Yang-Hsiang Lin
- Liver Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-D.C.); (W.-R.L.); (Y.-H.L.); (W.-H.K.); (T.-J.W.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Wen-Hsin Kuo
- Liver Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-D.C.); (W.-R.L.); (Y.-H.L.); (W.-H.K.); (T.-J.W.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Chin-Ju Tseng
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-J.T.); (S.-N.L.)
| | - Siew-Na Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-J.T.); (S.-N.L.)
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Lin Huang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-L.H.); (S.-C.H.)
| | - Shih-Chiang Huang
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-L.H.); (S.-C.H.)
| | - Ting-Jung Wu
- Liver Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-D.C.); (W.-R.L.); (Y.-H.L.); (W.-H.K.); (T.-J.W.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Kwang-Huei Lin
- Liver Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-D.C.); (W.-R.L.); (Y.-H.L.); (W.-H.K.); (T.-J.W.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Chau-Ting Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (Y.-D.C.); (W.-R.L.); (Y.-H.L.); (W.-H.K.); (T.-J.W.); (K.-H.L.)
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-J.T.); (S.-N.L.)
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-3281200 (ext. 8129)
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Feng X, Ma D, Zhao J, Song Y, Zhu Y, Zhou Q, Ma F, Liu X, Zhong M, Liu Y, Xiong Y, Qiu X, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Zhang K, Hong X, Zhang Z. UHMK1 promotes gastric cancer progression through reprogramming nucleotide metabolism. EMBO J 2020; 39:e102541. [PMID: 31975428 PMCID: PMC7049804 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019102541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
UHMK1 is a nuclear serine/threonine kinase recently implicated in carcinogenesis. However, the functions and action mechanisms of UHMK1 in the pathogenesis of human gastric cancer (GC) are unclear. Here, we observed that UHMK1 was markedly upregulated in GC. UHMK1 silencing strongly inhibited GC aggressiveness. Interestingly, UHMK1-induced GC progression was mediated primarily via enhancing de novo purine synthesis because inhibiting purine synthesis reversed the effects of UHMK1 overexpression. Mechanistically, UHMK1 activated ATF4, an important transcription factor in nucleotide synthesis, by phosphorylating NCOA3 at Ser (S) 1062 and Thr (T) 1067. This event significantly enhanced the binding of NCOA3 to ATF4 and the expression of purine metabolism-associated target genes. Conversely, deficient phosphorylation of NCOA3 at S1062/T1067 significantly abrogated the function of UHMK1 in GC development. Clinically, Helicobacter pylori and GC-associated UHMK1 mutation induced NCOA3-S1062/T1067 phosphorylation and enhanced the activity of ATF4 and UHMK1. Importantly, the level of UHMK1 was significantly correlated with the level of phospho-NCOA3 (S1062/T1067) in human GC specimens. Collectively, these results show that the UHMK1-activated de novo purine synthesis pathway significantly promotes GC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Feng
- The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityGuangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive NeuroscienceGuangxi Neurological Diseases Clinical Research CenterGuilinGuangxiChina
- Department of ImmuobiologyYale University School of MedicineNew HavenCTUSA
| | - Dong Ma
- Guangdong Provincial People's HospitalGuangdong Academy of Medical SciencesGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiabao Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryZhongshan HospitalSchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Yongxi Song
- Department of Surgical Oncology and General SurgeryThe First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yuekun Zhu
- Medical CenterDuke UniversityDurhamNCUSA
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Qingxin Zhou
- Department of OncologyThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Fei Ma
- Department of General SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinChina
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of NeurosurgeryBeijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Mengya Zhong
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryZhongshan HospitalSchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryZhongshan HospitalSchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Yubo Xiong
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryZhongshan HospitalSchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Xingfeng Qiu
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryZhongshan HospitalSchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of General SurgeryThe First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityAnhuiChina
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Histology and EmbryologyXiang Ya School of MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yongxiang Zhao
- National Center for International Research of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy (Guangxi Key Laboratory of Biological Targeting Diagnosis and Therapy Research)Guangxi Medical UniversityNanningChina
| | - Kaiguang Zhang
- Department of Digestive DiseaseThe First Affiliated Hospital of USTCAnhui Provincial HospitalUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaAnhuiChina
| | - Xuehui Hong
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryZhongshan HospitalSchool of MedicineXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Zhiyong Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical UniversityGuangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive NeuroscienceGuangxi Neurological Diseases Clinical Research CenterGuilinGuangxiChina
- Department of SurgeryRobert‐Wood‐Johnson Medical School University HospitalRutgers UniversityThe State University of New JerseyNew BrunswickNJUSA
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21
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Shi X, Zhu K, Ye Z, Yue J. VCP/p97 targets the nuclear export and degradation of p27 Kip1 during G1 to S phase transition. FASEB J 2020; 34:5193-5207. [PMID: 32067276 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901506r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the critical regulatory mechanisms for cell cycle progression is the timely degradation of CDK inhibitors, including p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 . VCP/p97, an AAA-ATPase, is reported to be overexpressed in many types of cancers. Here, we found that treatment of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells with DBeQ, a VCP inhibitor, or VCP knockdown in MCF-7 cells arrested cells at G1 phase, accompanied with the blockage of both p21 and p27 degradation. Whereas, double knockdown of p21 and p27 in MCF-7 cells rendered cells refractory to DBeQ-induced G1 arrest. Moreover, inhibition or knockdown of VCP or UFD1, one of VCP's co-factors, in MCF-7, NIH3T3, or HEK293T cells blocked the nuclear export of p27 during earlier G1 phase after mitogen stimulation. We also identified the nuclear localization sequence (NLS) of VCP, and found that adding back wild-type VCP, not the NLS-deleted VCP mutant, restored the nuclear export and degradation of p27 in VCP knockout MCF-7 cells. Importantly, we found that VCP inhibition sensitized breast cancer cells to the treatment of several anticancer therapeutics both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our study not only uncovers the mechanisms underlying VCP-mediated cell proliferation control but also provides potential therapeutic option for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Shi
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kaiyuan Zhu
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zuodong Ye
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jianbo Yue
- City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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22
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Yu D, Gernapudi R, Drucker C, Sarkar R, Ucuzian A, Monahan TS. The myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate differentially regulates kinase interacting with stathmin in vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells and potentiates intimal hyperplasia formation. J Vasc Surg 2019; 70:2021-2031.e1. [PMID: 30929966 PMCID: PMC6765458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Restenosis limits the durability of all cardiovascular reconstructions. Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation drives this process, but an intact, functional endothelium is necessary for vessel patency. Current strategies to prevent restenosis employ antiproliferative agents that affect both VSMCs and endothelial cells (ECs). Knockdown of the myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) arrests VSMC proliferation and paradoxically potentiates EC proliferation. MARCKS knockdown decreases expression of the kinase interacting with stathmin (KIS), increasing p27kip1 expression, arresting VSMC proliferation. Here, we seek to determine how MARCKS influences KIS protein expression in these two cell types. METHODS Primary human coronary artery VSMCs and ECs were used for in vitro experiments. MARCKS was depleted by transfection with small interfering RNA. Messenger RNA was quantitated with the real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Protein expression was determined by Western blot analysis. Ubiquitination was determined with immunoprecipitation. MARCKS and KIS binding was assessed with co-immunoprecipitation. Intimal hyperplasia was induced in CL57/B6 mice with a femoral artery wire injury. MARCKS was knocked down in vivo by application of 10 μM of small interfering RNA targeting MARCKS suspended in 30% Pluronic F-127 gel. Intimal hyperplasia formation was assessed by measurement of the intimal thickness on cross sections of the injured artery. Re-endothelialization was determined by quantitating the binding of Evans blue dye to the injured artery. RESULTS MARCKS knockdown did not affect KIS messenger RNA expression in either cell type. In the presence of cycloheximide, MARCKS knockdown in VSMCs decreased KIS protein stability but had no effect in ECs. The effect of MARCKS knockdown on KIS stability was abrogated by the 26s proteasome inhibitor MG-132. MARCKS binds to KIS in VSMCs but not in ECs. MARCKS knockdown significantly increased the level of ubiquitinated KIS in VSMCs but not in ECs. MARCKS knockdown in vivo resulted in decreased KIS expression. Furthermore, MARCKS knockdown in vivo resulted in decreased 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine integration and significantly reduced intimal thickening. MARCKS knockdown enhanced endothelial barrier function recovery 4 days after injury. CONCLUSIONS MARCKS differentially regulates the KIS protein stability in VSMCs and ECs. The difference in stability is due to differential ubiquitination of KIS in these two cell types. The differential interaction of MARCKS and KIS provides a possible explanation for the observed difference in ubiquitination. The effect of MARCKS knockdown on KIS expression persists in vivo, potentiates recovery of the endothelium, and abrogates intimal hyperplasia formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Yu
- Department of Surgery, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Md; Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | | | - Charles Drucker
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Rajabrata Sarkar
- Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md; Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Areck Ucuzian
- Department of Surgery, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Md; Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md
| | - Thomas S Monahan
- Department of Surgery, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Md; Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Md.
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23
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Li N, Meng G, Tong X, Sun F, Zeng J, Bai Y, Liang S, Hu H, Liu L, Han M, Lu C, Dai F. Effects of P27/Bmdacapo, in the CIP/KIP family, on cell proliferation, growth and development in the silkworm (Bombyx mori). Gene 2019; 700:31-37. [PMID: 30898712 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.02.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
We investigated changes in expression of the CIP/KIP family-related genes and the cycle-dependent factors Pcna, Cdk4 and Cdk2 during the growth and development of mice, Drosophila and silkworms. When the organism was in a period of rapid development, the related genes of the CIP/KIP family had low expression level and the cell cycle-dependent genes were highly expressed. In mammals, the CIP/KIP family includes three genes, p21, p27/Dacapo and p57. However, only one gene, P27/Dacapo, exists in the CIP/KIP family in silkworm and the orthologous gene in the silkworm is named Bmdacapo. Down-regulation of Bmdacapo in silkworm embryos caused overdevelopment of the embryos and indicated that Bmdacapo can inhibit silkworm growth and development. Up-regulation of Bmdacapo in silkworm cells inhibited cell proliferation, whereas down-regulation of Bmdacapo promoted cell proliferation. In order to explore the mechanism of Bmdacapo regulated silkworm development and cell proliferation, the effect of Bmdacapo on cell cycle changes was examined. The results demonstrate that Bmdacapo was able to induce G1/S phase arrest in the cell cycle. In silkworm cells, Bmdacapo inhibits the expression of Pcna, CDK4 and CDK2, which affects the cell cycle and ultimately inhibits cell proliferation. This regulatory mechanism is particularly different from mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niannian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Gang Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiaoling Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fuze Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jie Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yanmin Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shubo Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Lanlan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Minjin Han
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Fangyin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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24
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Wei T, Weiler SME, Tóth M, Sticht C, Lutz T, Thomann S, De La Torre C, Straub B, Merker S, Ruppert T, Marquardt J, Singer S, Gretz N, Schirmacher P, Breuhahn K. YAP-dependent induction of UHMK1 supports nuclear enrichment of the oncogene MYBL2 and proliferation in liver cancer cells. Oncogene 2019; 38:5541-5550. [PMID: 30936457 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0801-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The oncogene yes-associated protein (YAP) is a key modifier of liver homeostasis and regulates mitosis in hepatocytes as well as in malignantly transformed cells. However, the question of how YAP supports cell proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not well understood. Here we identified U2AF momology motif kinase 1 (UHMK1) as a direct transcriptional target of YAP and the transcription factor forkhead box M1 (FOXM1), which supports HCC cell proliferation but not migration. Indeed, UHMK1 stimulates the expression of genes that are specific for cell cycle regulation and which are known downstream effectors of YAP. By using BioID labeling and mass spectrometry, the dimerization partner, RB-like, E2F and multi-vulval class B (DREAM) complex constituent MYB proto-oncogene like 2 (MYBL2, B-MYB) was identified as a direct UHMK1 interaction partner. Like YAP, UHMK1 stimulates nuclear enrichment of MYBL2, which is associated HCC cell proliferation and the expression of the cell cycle regulators CCNB1, CCNB2, KIF20A, and MAD2L1. The association between YAP, UHMK1, MYBL2, and proliferation was confirmed in YAPS127A-transgenic mice and human HCC tissues. In summary, we provide a model by which YAP supports cell proliferation through the induction of important cell cycle regulators in a UHMK1- and MYBL2-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Wei
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Marcell Tóth
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carsten Sticht
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Medical Research Center, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Teresa Lutz
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Thomann
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Carolina De La Torre
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Medical Research Center, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Beate Straub
- Institute of Pathology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sabine Merker
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Ruppert
- Zentrum für Molekulare Biologie der Universität Heidelberg (ZMBH), DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Marquardt
- Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Singer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Norbert Gretz
- Medical Faculty Mannheim, Medical Research Center, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kai Breuhahn
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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25
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Fan Y, Sanyal S, Bruzzone R. Breaking Bad: How Viruses Subvert the Cell Cycle. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:396. [PMID: 30510918 PMCID: PMC6252338 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactions between the host and viruses during the course of their co-evolution have not only shaped cellular function and the immune system, but also the counter measures employed by viruses. Relatively small genomes and high replication rates allow viruses to accumulate mutations and continuously present the host with new challenges. It is therefore, no surprise that they either escape detection or modulate host physiology, often by redirecting normal cellular pathways to their own advantage. Viruses utilize a diverse array of strategies and molecular targets to subvert host cellular processes, while evading detection. These include cell-cycle regulation, major histocompatibility complex-restricted antigen presentation, intracellular protein transport, apoptosis, cytokine-mediated signaling, and humoral immune responses. Moreover, viruses routinely manipulate the host cell cycle to create a favorable environment for replication, largely by deregulating cell cycle checkpoints. This review focuses on our current understanding of the molecular aspects of cell cycle regulation that are often targeted by viruses. Further study of their interactions should provide fundamental insights into cell cycle regulation and improve our ability to exploit these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Fan
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Sumana Sanyal
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,LKS Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Roberto Bruzzone
- HKU-Pasteur Research Pole, LKS Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Cell Biology and Infection, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
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26
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Moriarty RA, Stroka KM. Physical confinement alters sarcoma cell cycle progression and division. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:2360-2373. [PMID: 30304981 PMCID: PMC6237433 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1533776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells experience physical confinement on one or multiple axes, both in the primary tumor and at multiple stages during metastasis. Recent work has shown that confinement in a 3D spheroid alters nucleus geometry and delays cell division, and that vertical confinement impairs mitotic spindle rounding, resulting in abnormal division events. Meanwhile, the effects of bi-axial confinement on cell cycle progression has received little attention. Given the critical role of nuclear shape and mechanics in cell division, we hypothesized that bi-axial physical confinement of the cell body and nucleus would alter cell cycle progression. We used sarcoma cells stably expressing the fluorescence ubiquitination cell cycle indicator (FUCCI), along with fibronectin-coated microchannel devices, and explored the impact of bi-axial physical confinement on cell cycle progression. Our results demonstrate that bi-axial physical confinement reduces the frequency of cell division, which we found to be attributed to an arrest in the S/G2/M phase of the cell cycle, and increases the frequency of abnormal division events. Cell and nuclear morphology were both altered in confinement, with the most confining channels preventing cells from undergoing the normal increase in size from G1 to S/G2/M during cell cycle progression. Finally, our results suggest that confinement induces a mechanical memory to the cells, given our observation of lasting effects on cell division and morphology, even after cells exited confinement. Together, our results provide new insights into the possible impact of mechanical forces on primary and secondary tumor formation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A. Moriarty
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Kimberly M. Stroka
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
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27
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Wang HC, Lee WS. Molecular mechanisms underlying progesterone-induced cytoplasmic retention of p27 in breast cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 183:202-209. [PMID: 29959971 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that progesterone (P4) can contribute to the aggressiveness of human breast cancers through promoting cytoplasmic localization of p27 and stimulating proliferation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying P4-induced cytoplasmic retention of p27 are still unclear. Here, we demonstrated that P4 (12.5-100 nM) concentration-dependently increased the number of T47D and MCF-7 cells. P4 (50 nM) also time-dependently increased the levels of p27 protein. Knock-down of p27 using the small interfering RNA (siRNA) technique abolished the P4-increased cell number of T47D and MCF-7. The signaling pathway involved in the P4-promoted breast cancer cell proliferation was further investigated. Our results suggest that P4 activated the PI3K/AKT-mediated signaling, subsequently increasing phophorylation of p27 at pT198 and T157, and thereby caused cytoplasmic retention of p27 protein. In addition, P4 activated kinase-interacting stathmin (KIS), subsequently increasing phosphorylation of nuclear p27 at serine 10 (S10), and thereby caused cytoplasmic translocation of p27pS10 from the nucleus. P4 also increased the level of nuclear CDK2pT160, thereby inducing p27 phosphorylation at T187, and hence caused cytosolic translocation of p27pT187 from the nucleus. In the cytosol, both p27pS10 and p27pT187 were degraded via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Taken together, our data suggest that P4 promoted breast cancer cell proliferation through cytoplasmic retention of p27pT157 and p27pT198 and nuclear export of p27pS10 and p27pT187.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Sen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 110, Taiwan; Cancer Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, 110, Taiwan.
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28
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Abbastabar M, Kheyrollah M, Azizian K, Bagherlou N, Tehrani SS, Maniati M, Karimian A. Multiple functions of p27 in cell cycle, apoptosis, epigenetic modification and transcriptional regulation for the control of cell growth: A double-edged sword protein. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018; 69:63-72. [PMID: 30075372 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The cell cycle is controlled by precise mechanisms to prevent malignancies such as cancer, and the cell needs these tight and advanced controls. Cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p27 (also known as KIP1) is a factor that inhibits the progression of the cell cycle by using specific molecular mechanisms. The inhibitory effect of p27 on the cell cycle is mediated by CDKs inhibition. Other important functions of p27 include cell proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis. Post- translational modification of p27 by phosphorylation and ubiquitination respectively regulates interaction between p27 and cyclin/CDK complex and degradation of p27. In this review, we focus on the multiple function of p27 in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, epigenetic modifications and post- translational modification, and briefly discuss the mechanisms and factors that have important roles in p27 functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Abbastabar
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Kheyrollah
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khalil Azizian
- Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazanin Bagherlou
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mahmood Maniati
- Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ansar Karimian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Cancer & Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran; Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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29
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Barbutti I, Machado-Neto JA, Arfelli VC, de Melo Campos P, Traina F, Saad STO, Archangelo LF. The U2AF homology motif kinase 1 (UHMK1) is upregulated upon hematopoietic cell differentiation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:959-966. [PMID: 29307747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 12/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
UHMK1 (KIS) is a nuclear serine/threonine kinase that possesses a U2AF homology motif and phosphorylates and regulates the activity of the splicing factors SF1 and SF3b155. Mutations in these components of the spliceosome machinery have been recently implicated in leukemogenesis. The fact that UHMK1 regulates these factors suggests that UHMK1 might be involved in RNA processing and perhaps leukemogenesis. Here we analyzed UHMK1 expression in normal hematopoietic and leukemic cells as well as its function in leukemia cell line. In the normal hematopoietic compartment, markedly higher levels of transcripts were observed in differentiated lymphocytes (CD4+, CD8+ and CD19+) compared to the progenitor enriched subpopulation (CD34+) or leukemia cell lines. UHMK1 expression was upregulated in megakaryocytic-, monocytic- and granulocytic-induced differentiation of established leukemia cell lines and in erythrocytic-induced differentiation of CD34+ cells. No aberrant expression was observed in patient samples of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), acute myeloid (AML) or lymphoblastic (ALL) leukemia. Nonetheless, in MDS patients, increased levels of UHMK1 expression positively impacted event free and overall survival. Lentivirus mediated UHMK1 knockdown did not affect proliferation, cell cycle progression, apoptosis or migration of U937 leukemia cells, although UHMK1 silencing strikingly increased clonogenicity of these cells. Thus, our results suggest that UHMK1 plays a role in hematopoietic cell differentiation and suppression of autonomous clonal growth of leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Barbutti
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carlos Chagas 480, 13083-878 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - João Agostinho Machado-Neto
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Cristina Arfelli
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paula de Melo Campos
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carlos Chagas 480, 13083-878 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabiola Traina
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sara Teresinha Olalla Saad
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carlos Chagas 480, 13083-878 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Leticia Fröhlich Archangelo
- Hematology and Transfusion Medicine Center, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Carlos Chagas 480, 13083-878 Campinas, SP, Brazil; Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Pathogenic Bioagents, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Multiple regulatory mechanisms of the biological function of NRF3 (NFE2L3) control cancer cell proliferation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12494. [PMID: 28970512 PMCID: PMC5624902 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12675-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence suggests a physiological relationship between the transcription factor NRF3 (NFE2L3) and cancers. Under physiological conditions, NRF3 is repressed by its endoplasmic reticulum (ER) sequestration. In response to unidentified signals, NRF3 enters the nucleus and modulates gene expression. However, molecular mechanisms underlying the nuclear translocation of NRF3 and its target gene in cancer cells remain poorly understood. We herein report that multiple regulation of NRF3 activities controls cell proliferation. Our analyses reveal that under physiological conditions, NRF3 is rapidly degraded by the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) ubiquitin ligase HRD1 and valosin-containing protein (VCP) in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, NRF3 is also degraded by β-TRCP, an adaptor for the Skp1-Cul1-F-box protein (SCF) ubiquitin ligase in the nucleus. The nuclear translocation of NRF3 from the ER requires the aspartic protease DNA-damage inducible 1 homolog 2 (DDI2) but does not require inhibition of its HRD1-VCP-mediated degradation. Finally, NRF3 mediates gene expression of the cell cycle regulator U2AF homology motif kinase 1 (UHMK1) for cell proliferation. Collectively, our study provides us many insights into the molecular regulation and biological function of NRF3 in cancer cells.
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Jeannot P, Nowosad A, Perchey RT, Callot C, Bennana E, Katsube T, Mayeux P, Guillonneau F, Manenti S, Besson A. p27 Kip1 promotes invadopodia turnover and invasion through the regulation of the PAK1/Cortactin pathway. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28287395 PMCID: PMC5388532 DOI: 10.7554/elife.22207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
p27Kip1 (p27) is a cyclin-CDK inhibitor and negative regulator of cell proliferation. p27 also controls other cellular processes including migration and cytoplasmic p27 can act as an oncogene. Furthermore, cytoplasmic p27 promotes invasion and metastasis, in part by promoting epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Herein, we find that p27 promotes cell invasion by binding to and regulating the activity of Cortactin, a critical regulator of invadopodia formation. p27 localizes to invadopodia and limits their number and activity. p27 promotes the interaction of Cortactin with PAK1. In turn, PAK1 promotes invadopodia turnover by phosphorylating Cortactin, and expression of Cortactin mutants for PAK-targeted sites abolishes p27’s effect on invadopodia dynamics. Thus, in absence of p27, cells exhibit increased invadopodia stability due to impaired PAK1-Cortactin interaction, but their invasive capacity is reduced compared to wild-type cells. Overall, we find that p27 directly promotes cell invasion by facilitating invadopodia turnover via the Rac1/PAK1/Cortactin pathway. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22207.001 When animals develop from embryos to adults, or try to heal wounds later in life, their cells have to move. Moving means that the cells must invade into their surroundings, a dense network of proteins called the extracellular matrix. The cell first attaches to the extracellular matrix; degrades it; and then moves into the newly opened space. Cells have developed specialized structures called invadosomes to enable all these steps. Invadosomes are never static, they first assemble where cells interact with extracellular matrix, they then release proteins that loosen the matrix, and finally disassemble again to allow cells to move. Invadosomes in cancer cells often become overactive, and can allow the tumor cells to spread throughout the body. A lot of different proteins are involved in controlling how and when cells move. p27 is a well-known protein usually found in a cell’s nucleus along with the cell’s DNA. Inside the nucleus, p27 suppresses tumor growth by stopping cells from dividing. However, often in cancer cells p27 moves outside of the cell’s nucleus where it contributes to cell movement via an unknown mechanism. To answer how p27 controls cell invasion, Jeannot et al. used a biochemical technique to uncover which proteins p27 binds to when it is outside of the nucleus. One of its interaction partners was called Cortactin. This protein is known to be an important building block of invadosomes, and is involved in both the assembly and disassembly of these structures. In further experiments, Jeannot studied mouse cells with or without p27 and human cancer cells that can be grown in the laboratory. The experiments revealed that p27 promotes an enzyme called PAK1 to also bind to Cortactin. PAK1 then modified Cortactin, causing whole invadosomes to disassemble, which in turn allowed cells to de-attach from the matrix and move forward. In contrast, cells lacking p27 had more stable invadosomes, attached more strongly to the matrix and were better at degrading it, but could not invade as well as cells with p27. Overall these experiments showed a new way that p27 promotes cell invasion. The next steps will include finding out exactly how the modification of Cortactin causes the invadosomes to disassemble. Furthermore, it will be important to study whether forcing p27 back into the nucleus can reduce the spread of cancer cells in the body. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22207.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Jeannot
- INSERM UMR1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,CNRS ERL5294, Toulouse, France
| | - Ada Nowosad
- INSERM UMR1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,CNRS ERL5294, Toulouse, France
| | - Renaud T Perchey
- INSERM UMR1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,CNRS ERL5294, Toulouse, France
| | - Caroline Callot
- INSERM UMR1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,CNRS ERL5294, Toulouse, France
| | - Evangeline Bennana
- 3P5 proteomics facility of the Université Paris Descartes, Inserm U1016 Institut Cochin, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Patrick Mayeux
- 3P5 proteomics facility of the Université Paris Descartes, Inserm U1016 Institut Cochin, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - François Guillonneau
- 3P5 proteomics facility of the Université Paris Descartes, Inserm U1016 Institut Cochin, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Manenti
- INSERM UMR1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,CNRS ERL5294, Toulouse, France
| | - Arnaud Besson
- INSERM UMR1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse, Toulouse, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.,CNRS ERL5294, Toulouse, France
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Sun C, Wang G, Wrighton KH, Lin H, Songyang Z, Feng XH, Lin X. Regulation of p27 Kip1 phosphorylation and G1 cell cycle progression by protein phosphatase PPM1G. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:2207-2220. [PMID: 27822412 PMCID: PMC5088286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell cycle, an essential process leading to the cell division, is stringently controlled by the key cell cycle regulators, cyclin-CDK complexes, whose activity is further regulated by a variety of mechanisms. p27Kip1 is a cyclin-CDK inhibitor that arrests the cell cycle at the G1 phase by blocking the activation of cyclin E-CDK2 complex, preventing the improper entry to the cell cycle. Dysfunction of p27 has been frequently observed in many types of human cancers, resulting from p27 protein degradation and cytoplasmic mislocalization, which are highly regulated by the phosphorylation status of p27. Although the kinases that phosphorylate p27 have been extensively studied, phosphatases that dephosphorylate p27 remain to be elucidated. By using genomic phosphatase screening, we identified a PPM family phosphatase, PPM1G, which could reduce p27 phosphorylation at T198. We further confirmed that PPM1G is a novel p27 phosphatase by demonstrating that PPM1G can interact with and dephosphorylate p27 in cells and in vitro. Functionally, ectopic expression of PPM1G enhanced p27 protein stability and delayed cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase. In accordance, knockdown of PPM1G accelerated p27 degradation during G1 phase and rendered cells resistant to the cell cycle arrest induced by serum deprivation. Mechanistically, PPM1G inhibited the interaction of p27 to 14-3-3θ, a chaperone protein that facilitates p27 nuclear export. Knockdown of PPM1G promoted the cytoplasmic localization of p27. Taken together, our studies identified PPM1G as a novel regulator of p27 that dephosphorylates p27 at T198 site and, together with p27 kinases, PPM1G controls cell cycle progression by maintaining the proper level of p27 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Sun
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gaohang Wang
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Katharine H Wrighton
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Present address: Nature Reviews JournalsPorters South, 4 Crinan Street, London, N1 9XW, United Kingdom
| | - Han Lin
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhou Songyang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xin-Hua Feng
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Xia Lin
- Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of MedicineHouston, TX 77030, USA
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Inhibitory effect of NBL1 on PDGF-BB-induced human PASMC proliferation through blockade of PDGFβ-p38MAPK pathway. Biosci Rep 2016; 36:BSR20160199. [PMID: 27474499 PMCID: PMC5006314 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary artery remodelling is a key feature in the pathological progress of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Moreover, excessive proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary artery remodelling. Neuroblastoma suppressor of tumorigenicity 1 (NBL1) has been previously shown to induce growth inhibition in tumour cells. However, the effect of NBL1 in the regulation of human PASMC proliferation remains unclear. In cultured human PASMCs, we observed a dose-dependent inhibitory effect of NBL1 on platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced cell growth, DNA synthesis and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression, as measured by MTS assay, 5-ethynil-2-deoxyuridine (EdU) analysis and western blots respectively. We also detected the expression and activities of cell-cycle positive regulators (cyclin D1, cyclin E, CDK2, CDK4 and CDK6) and negative regulators (p21 and p27) in human PASMCs by western blots and co-immuoprecipitation (IP). Our results show that NBL1-induced growth suppression is associated with the decreased activity of cyclin D1–CDK4 and the decreased phosphorylation of p27 in PDGF-BB-treated human PASMCs. By western blots using the phosphor-specific antibodies, we further demonstrated that NBL1 induced growth suppression is mediated by blockade of the up-stream PDGF-receptor β (PDGFRβ)-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). In conclusion, our results suggest that NBL1 could inhibit PDGF-BB-induced human PASMC proliferation, and the underlying mechanism is associated with the decreased cyclin D1–CDK4 activity and up-regulated p27 by decreasing the phosphorylation of p27 via blockade of PDGFRβ-p38MAPK signal cascade. Our findings may provide a potential therapeutic target for PAH.
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Qiu H, Liu F, Tao T, Zhang D, Liu X, Zhu G, Xu Z, Ni R, Shen A. Modification of p27 with O-linked N-acetylglucosamine regulates cell proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:258-271. [PMID: 27175940 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p27, which is a member of the Cip/Kip family of Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitory proteins (CKIs), controls anti-proliferative events. The post-translational addition of O-GlcNAc to p27 occurs in HEK293T and HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) cell lines, and we identified Ser2, Ser106, Ser110, Thr157, and Thr198 as the glycosylation sites of p27 based on the Q-TOF spectrum. Here, immunoprecipitation analysis showed that Ser2 was O-GlcNAcylated and that this modification was associated with the increased phosphorylation of p27 at Ser10, ultimately resulting in p27 accumulation in the cytoplasm and increased p27 ubiquitination. In addition, O-GlcNAcylation at Ser2 suppressed Cyclin/CDK complex-p27 interactions by promoting the nuclear export of p27, thus facilitating cell cycle progression. Cell proliferation was negatively regulated when Ser2 of p27 was replaced with Ala. Furthermore, western blot and immunohistochemical analyses of HCC tissues and their corresponding nontumorous tissues were performed, and we found that O-GlcNAcylated p27 correlated with cell proliferation in HCC. Together, our results indicate that the dynamic interplay between O-GlcNAcylation and p27 phosphorylation coordinates and regulates cell proliferation in hepatocellular carcinoma. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyuan Qiu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, PR China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Tao Tao
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Liu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Guizhou Zhu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Xu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Runzhou Ni
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, PR China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Aiguo Shen
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory for Inflammation and Molecular Drug Target, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, PR China
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Li Y, Nakka M, Kelly AJ, Lau CC, Krailo M, Barkauskas DA, Hicks JM, Man TK. p27 Is a Candidate Prognostic Biomarker and Metastatic Promoter in Osteosarcoma. Cancer Res 2016; 76:4002-11. [PMID: 27197201 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-3189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic progression is the major cause of death in osteosarcoma, the most common bone malignancy in children and young adults. However, prognostic biomarkers and efficacious targeted treatments for metastatic disease remain lacking. Using an immunoproteomic approach, we discovered that autoantibodies against the cell-cycle kinase inhibitor p27 (KIP1, CDKN1B) were elevated in plasma of high-risk osteosarcoma patients. Using a large cohort of serum samples from osteosarcoma patients (n = 233), we validated that a higher level of the p27 autoantibody significantly correlated with poor overall and event-free survival (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis also showed that p27 was mislocalized to the cytoplasm in the majority of osteosarcoma cases and in highly metastatic osteosarcoma cell lines. We demonstrated that ectopic expression of cytoplasmic p27 promoted migration and invasion of osteosarcoma cells, whereas shRNA-mediated gene silencing suppressed these effects. In addition, mutations at the p27 phosphorylation sites S10 or T198, but not T157, abolished the migratory and invasive phenotypes. Furthermore, the development of pulmonary metastases increased in mice injected with cells expressing cytoplasmic p27 compared with an empty vector control. Collectively, our findings support further investigation of p27 as a potential prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target in osteosarcoma cases exhibiting aberrant p27 subcellular localization. Cancer Res; 76(13); 4002-11. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Texas Children's Hematology and Oncology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Manjula Nakka
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Texas Children's Hematology and Oncology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Aaron J Kelly
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Program of Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Ching C Lau
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Texas Children's Hematology and Oncology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas. Program of Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Mark Krailo
- Children's Oncology Group, Monrovia, California. Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Donald A Barkauskas
- Children's Oncology Group, Monrovia, California. Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - John M Hicks
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Tsz-Kwong Man
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas. Texas Children's Hematology and Oncology Centers, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas. Program of Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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MARCKS Signaling Differentially Regulates Vascular Smooth Muscle and Endothelial Cell Proliferation through a KIS-, p27kip1- Dependent Mechanism. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141397. [PMID: 26528715 PMCID: PMC4631550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overexpression of the myristolated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) occurs in vascular proliferative diseases such as restenosis after bypass surgery. MARCKS knockdown results in arrest of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation with little effect on endothelial cell (EC) proliferation. We sought to identify the mechanism of differential regulation by MARCKS of VSMC and EC proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Methods and Results siRNA-mediated MARCKS knockdown in VSMCs inhibited proliferation and prevented progression from phase G0/G1 to S. Protein expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27kip1, but not p21cip1 was increased by MARCKS knockdown. MARCKS knockdown did not affect proliferation in VSMCs derived from p27kip1-/- mice indicating that the effect of MARCKS is p27kip1-dependent. MARCKS knockdown resulted in decreased phosphorylation of p27kip1 at threonine 187 and serine 10 as well as, kinase interacting with stathmin (KIS), cyclin D1, and Skp2 expression. Phosphorylation of p27kip1 at serine 10 by KIS is required for nuclear export and degradation of p27kip1. MARCKS knockdown caused nuclear trapping of p27kip1. Both p27kip1 nuclear trapping and cell cycle arrest were released by overexpression of KIS, but not catalytically inactive KIS. In ECs, MARCKS knockdown paradoxically increased KIS expression and cell proliferation. MARCKS knockdown in a murine aortic injury model resulted in decreased VSMC proliferation determined by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) integration assay, and inhibition of vascular wall thickening. MARCKS knockdown increased the rate of re-endothelialization. Conclusions MARCKS knockdown arrested VSMC cell cycle by decreasing KIS expression. Decreased KIS expression resulted in nuclear trapping of p27kip1 in VSMCs. MARCKS knockdown paradoxically increased KIS expression in ECs resulting in increased EC proliferation. MARCKS knockdown significantly attenuated the VSMC proliferative response to vascular injury, but accelerated reestablishment of an intact endothelium. MARCKS is a novel translational target with beneficial cell type-specific effects on both ECs and VSMCs.
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37
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LIM domain only 2 induces glioma invasion via cytosolic p27KIP1. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:2473-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4072-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Bencivenga D, Tramontano A, Borgia A, Negri A, Caldarelli I, Oliva A, Perrotta S, Della Ragione F, Borriello A. P27Kip1 serine 10 phosphorylation determines its metabolism and interaction with cyclin-dependent kinases. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:3768-82. [PMID: 25483085 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.965999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
p27Kip1 is a critical modulator of cell proliferation by controlling assembly, localization and activity of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK). p27Kip1 also plays important roles in malignant transformation, modulating cell movement and interaction with the extracellular matrix. A critical p27Kip1 feature is the lack of a stable tertiary structure that enhances its "adaptability" to different interactors and explains the heterogeneity of its function. The absence of a well-defined folding underlines the importance of p27Kip1 post-translational modifications that might highly impact the protein functions. Here, we characterize the metabolism and CDK interaction of phosphoserine10-p27Kip1 (pS10- p27Kip1), the major phosphoisoform of p27Kip1. By an experimental strategy based on specific immunoprecipitation and bidimensional electrophoresis, we established that pS10-p27Kip1 is mainly bound to cyclin E/CDK2 rather than to cyclin A/CDK2. pS10- p27Kip1 is more stable than non-modified p27Kip1, since it is not (or scarcely) phosphorylated on T187, the post-translational modification required for p27Kip1 removal in the nucleus. pS10-p27Kip1 does not bind CDK1. The lack of this interaction might represent a mechanism for facilitating CDK1 activation and allowing mitosis completion. In conclusion, we suggest that nuclear p27Kip1 follows 2 almost independent pathways operating at different rates. One pathway involves threonine-187 and tyrosine phosphorylations and drives the protein toward its Skp2-dependent removal. The other involves serine-10 phosphorylation and results in the elongation of p27Kip1 half-life and specific CDK interactions. Thus, pS10-p27Kip1, due to its stability, might be thought as a major responsible for the p27Kip1-dependent arrest of cells in G1/G0 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Bencivenga
- a Department of Biochemistry; Biophysics and General Pathology ; Second University of Naples ; Naples , Italy
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Högel H, Miikkulainen P, Bino L, Jaakkola PM. Hypoxia inducible prolyl hydroxylase PHD3 maintains carcinoma cell growth by decreasing the stability of p27. Mol Cancer 2015. [PMID: 26223520 PMCID: PMC4520080 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia can halt cell cycle progression of several cell types at the G1/S interface. The arrest needs to be overcome by cancer cells. We have previously shown that the hypoxia-inducible cellular oxygen sensor PHD3/EGLN3 enhances hypoxic cell cycle entry at the G1/S boundary. Methods We used PHD3 knockdown by siRNA and shRNA in HeLa and 786–0 renal cancer cells. Flow cytometry with cell synchronization was used to study cell growth at different cell cycle phases. Total and phosphospecific antibodies together with cycloheximide chase were used to study p27/CDKN1B expression and fractionations for subcellular protein localization. Results Here we show that PHD3 enhances cell cycle by decreasing the expression of the CDK inhibitor p27/CDKN1B. PHD3 reduction led to increased p27 expression under hypoxia or VHL mutation. p27 was both required and sufficient for the PHD3 knockdown induced cell cycle block. PHD3 knockdown did not affect p27 transcription and the effect was HIF-independent. In contrast, PHD3 depletion increased the p27 half-life from G0 to S-phase. PHD3 depletion led to an increase in p27 phosphorylation at serine 10 without affecting threonine phosphorylation. Intact serine 10 was required for normal hypoxic and PHD3-mediated degradation of p27. Conclusions The data demonstrates that PHD3 can drive cell cycle entry at the G1/S transition through decreasing the half-life of p27 that occurs by attenuating p27S10 phosphorylation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0410-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Högel
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Petra Miikkulainen
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Lucia Bino
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Present address: Institute of Biophysics, The Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Panu M Jaakkola
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520, Turku, Finland. .,Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Turku University Hospital, Hämeentie 11, 20520, Turku, Finland.
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40
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Molina-Sánchez P, Chèvre R, Rius C, Fuster J, Andrés V. Loss of p27 phosphorylation at Ser10 accelerates early atherogenesis by promoting leukocyte recruitment via RhoA/ROCK. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 84:84-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. (Du-Zhong) Lignans Inhibit Angiotensin II-Stimulated Proliferation by Affecting P21, P27, and Bax Expression in Rat Mesangial Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:987973. [PMID: 26170892 PMCID: PMC4478362 DOI: 10.1155/2015/987973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cortex Eucommiae (Du-zhong) is the dried bark of the Eucommia ulmoides Oliv. The natural products identified from Du-zhong include lignans, iridoids, flavonoids, polysaccharides, terpenes, and proteins, Liu et al. (2012). Lignans, the main bioactive components, were protective against hypertensive renal injury in spontaneous hypertensive rats in our previous study, Li et al. (2012). Moreover, Eucommia lignans also diminished aldose reductase (AR) overexpression in the kidney, Li et al. (2012). However, the pathological mechanism underlying the protective effects of Eucommia lignans remains unknown. Cellular proliferation was reported to contribute to important pathological changes in hypertensive renal injuries, and increased angiotensin II (Ang II) expression was reported to be essential for target-organ damage during hypertension. Ang II is the main effective peptide in the renin-angiotensin system and is considered to be a key mediator in the development of hypertensive nephropathy, Rüster and Wolf (2011). Our preliminary results showed that Eucommia lignans had inhibitory effects on Ang II-induced proliferation of rat mesangial cells. In the present study, we investigated the effects of Eucommia ulmoides on Ang II-induced proliferation and apoptosis of rat mesangial cells. Cell cycle-related genes P21 and P27, and cell apoptosis-related genes Bax and Bcl-2, were determined.
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Roy A, Banerjee S. p27 and Leukemia: Cell Cycle and Beyond. J Cell Physiol 2014; 230:504-9. [PMID: 25205053 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Roy
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division; Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics; 1/AF Bidhannagar Kolkata West Bengal India
| | - Subrata Banerjee
- Biophysics and Structural Genomics Division; Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics; 1/AF Bidhannagar Kolkata West Bengal India
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43
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Wang HC, Lee WS. Progesterone induces RhoA Inactivation in male rat aortic smooth muscle cells through up-regulation of p27(kip1.). Endocrinology 2014; 155:4473-82. [PMID: 25137028 DOI: 10.1210/en.2014-1344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we showed that progesterone (P4) at physiologic concentrations (5nM-500nM) inhibits proliferation and migration of rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). The P4-induced migration inhibition in RASMC was resulted from Rat sacroma homolog gene family, member A (RhoA) inactivation induced by activating the cSrc/AKT/ERK 2/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated signaling pathway. We also demonstrated that up-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (p27(kip1)) is involved in the P4-induced migration inhibition in RASMC. Because P4 can increase formation of the p27(kip1)-RhoA complex in RASMC, this finding led us to hypothesize that the P4-induced inactivation in RhoA might be caused by up-regulation of p27(kip1). Here, we showed that P4 increased phosphorylation of p27(kip1) at Ser10 in the nucleus, which in turn caused p27(kip1) translocation from the nucleus to the cytosol, subsequently increasing formation of the p27(kip1)-RhoA complex. These effects were blocked by knocking-down kinase-interacting stathmin (KIS) using KIS small interfering RNA. Knock-down of p27(kip1) abolished the P4-induced decreases in the level of RhoA protein in RASMC. However, pretreatment of RASMC with the proteasome inhibitor, N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)leucinylleucinylleucinal (MG132), prevented the P4-induced degradation of p27(kip1) and RhoA. Taken together, our investigation of P4-induced migration inhibition in RASMC showed a sequence of associated intracellular events that included 1) increase in formation of the KIS-p27(kip1) complex in the nucleus; 2) phosphorylated nuclear p27(kip1) at Ser10; 3) increased cytosolic translocation of p27(kip1) and formation of the p27(kip1)-RhoA complex in the cytosol; and 4) degradation of p27(kip1) and RhoA through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. These findings highlight the molecular mechanisms underlying P4-induced migration inhibition in RASMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chen Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (H.-C.W., W.-S.L.) and Department of Physiology (W.-S.L.), College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan; and Cancer Research Center (W.-S.L.), Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that p27, a nuclear cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor and tumor suppressor, can acquire oncogenic activities upon mislocalization to the cytoplasm. To understand how these antagonistic activities influence oncogenesis, we dissected the nuclear and cytoplasmic functions of p27 in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), a well-characterized malignancy caused by the BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase. p27 is predominantly cytoplasmic in CML and nuclear in normal cells. BCR-ABL1 regulates nuclear and cytoplasmic p27 abundance by kinase-dependent and -independent mechanisms, respectively. p27 knockdown in CML cell lines with predominantly cytoplasmic p27 induces apoptosis, consistent with a leukemogenic role of cytoplasmic p27. Accordingly, a p27 mutant (p27(CK-)) devoid of Cdk inhibitory nuclear functions enhances leukemogenesis in a murine CML model compared with complete absence of p27. In contrast, p27 mutations that enhance its stability (p27(T187A)) or nuclear retention (p27(S10A)) attenuate leukemogenesis over wild-type p27, validating the tumor-suppressor function of nuclear p27 in CML. We conclude that BCR-ABL1 kinase-dependent and -independent mechanisms convert p27 from a nuclear tumor suppressor to a cytoplasmic oncogene. These findings suggest that cytoplasmic mislocalization of p27 despite BCR-ABL1 inhibition by tyrosine kinase inhibitors may contribute to drug resistance, and effective therapeutic strategies to stabilize nuclear p27 must also prevent cytoplasmic mislocalization.
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Ahn SH, Jeong EH, Lee TG, Kim SY, Kim HR, Kim CH. Gefitinib induces cytoplasmic translocation of the CDK inhibitor p27 and its binding to a cleaved intermediate of caspase 8 in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2014; 37:377-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s13402-014-0198-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Yanagi T, Krajewska M, Matsuzawa SI, Reed JC. PCTAIRE1 phosphorylates p27 and regulates mitosis in cancer cells. Cancer Res 2014; 74:5795-807. [PMID: 25205104 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-14-0872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PCTAIRE1 is distant relative of the cyclin-dependent kinase family that has been implicated in spermatogenesis and neuronal development, but it has not been studied in cancer. Here, we report that PCTAIRE1 is expressed in prostate, breast, and cervical cancer cells, where its RNAi-mediated silencing causes growth inhibition with aberrant mitosis due to defects in centrosome dynamics. PCTAIRE1 was not similarly involved in proliferation of nontransformed cells, including diploid human IMR-90 fibroblasts. Through yeast two-hybrid screening, we identified tumor suppressor p27 as a PCTAIRE1 interactor. In vitro kinase assays showed PCTAIRE1 phosphorylates p27 at Ser10. PCTAIRE1 silencing modulated Ser10 phosphorylation on p27 and led to its accumulation in cancer cells but not in nontransformed cells. In a mouse xenograft model of PPC1 prostate cancer, conditional silencing of PCTAIRE1 restored p27 protein expression and suppressed tumor growth. Mechanistic studies in HeLa cells showed that PCTAIRE1 phosphorylates p27 during the S and M phases of the cell cycle. Notably, p27 silencing was sufficient to rescue cells from mitotic arrest caused by PCTAIRE1 silencing. Clinically, PCTAIRE1 was highly expressed in primary breast and prostate tumors compared with adjacent normal epithelial tissues. Together our findings reveal an unexpected role for PCTAIRE1 in regulating p27 stability, mitosis, and tumor growth, suggesting PCTAIRE1 as a candidate cancer therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teruki Yanagi
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Maryla Krajewska
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | | | - John C Reed
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California.
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Fagan-Solis KD, Pentecost BT, Gozgit JM, Bentley BA, Marconi SM, Otis CN, Anderton DL, Schneider SS, Arcaro KF. SKP2 overexpression is associated with increased serine 10 phosphorylation of p27 (pSer10p27) in triple-negative breast cancer. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1160-9. [PMID: 24443386 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) is an important cell cycle regulator, targeting the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p27 for degradation, and is frequently overexpressed in breast cancer. p27 regulates G1 /S transition by abrogating the activity of cyclin/CDK complexes. p27 can undergo phosphorylation at serine 10 (pSer10p27). This phosphorylation event is associated with increased cell proliferation and poor prognosis in patients with glioma. The relationship between SKP2 and pSer10p27 in breast cancer has not been previously investigated. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) of SKP2, p27, pSer10p27, and other genes involved in this pathway, was analyzed in 188 breast tumors and 50 benign reduction mammoplasty samples. IHC showed SKP2 to be more highly expressed in estrogen receptor α (ERα)-negative breast cancers and demonstrated that triple-negative tumors were more likely to have high expression of SKP2 than were non-triple negative, ERα-negative tumors. A significant positive relationship was discovered for SKP2 and pSer10p27. High levels of SKP2 and pSer10p27 were observed significantly more often in ERα-negative and triple-negative than in ERα-positive breast cancers. Use of the triple-negative TMX2-28 breast cancer cell line to address the role of SKP2 in cell cycle progression confirmed that SKP2 contributes to a more rapid cell cycle progression and may regulates pSer10p27 levels. Together, the results indicate that presence of high SKP2 plus high pSer10p27 levels in triple-negative breast cancers is associated with aggressive growth, and highlight the validity of using SKP2 inhibitors as a therapeutic approach for treating this subset of breast cancers.
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Soppa U, Schumacher J, Florencio Ortiz V, Pasqualon T, Tejedor FJ, Becker W. The Down syndrome-related protein kinase DYRK1A phosphorylates p27(Kip1) and Cyclin D1 and induces cell cycle exit and neuronal differentiation. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:2084-100. [PMID: 24806449 PMCID: PMC4111700 DOI: 10.4161/cc.29104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A fundamental question in neurobiology is how the balance between proliferation and differentiation of neuronal precursors is maintained to ensure that the proper number of brain neurons is generated. Substantial evidence implicates DYRK1A (dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A) as a candidate gene responsible for altered neuronal development and brain abnormalities in Down syndrome. Recent findings support the hypothesis that DYRK1A is involved in cell cycle control. Nonetheless, how DYRK1A contributes to neuronal cell cycle regulation and thereby affects neurogenesis remains poorly understood. In the present study we have investigated the mechanisms by which DYRK1A affects cell cycle regulation and neuronal differentiation in a human cell model, mouse neurons, and mouse brain. Dependent on its kinase activity and correlated with the dosage of overexpression, DYRK1A blocked proliferation of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells within 24 h and arrested the cells in G₁ phase. Sustained overexpression of DYRK1A induced G₀ cell cycle exit and neuronal differentiation. Furthermore, we provide evidence that DYRK1A modulated protein stability of cell cycle-regulatory proteins. DYRK1A reduced cellular Cyclin D1 levels by phosphorylation on Thr286, which is known to induce proteasomal degradation. In addition, DYRK1A phosphorylated p27(Kip1) on Ser10, resulting in protein stabilization. Inhibition of DYRK1A kinase activity reduced p27(Kip1) Ser10 phosphorylation in cultured hippocampal neurons and in embryonic mouse brain. In aggregate, these results suggest a novel mechanism by which overexpression of DYRK1A may promote premature neuronal differentiation and contribute to altered brain development in Down syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Soppa
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Medical Faculty; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen, Germany
- Instituto de Neurociencias; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) and Universidad Miguel Hernandez; Alicante, Spain
| | - Julian Schumacher
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Medical Faculty; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen, Germany
| | - Victoria Florencio Ortiz
- Instituto de Neurociencias; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) and Universidad Miguel Hernandez; Alicante, Spain
| | - Tobias Pasqualon
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Medical Faculty; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen, Germany
| | - Francisco J Tejedor
- Instituto de Neurociencias; Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC) and Universidad Miguel Hernandez; Alicante, Spain
| | - Walter Becker
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Medical Faculty; RWTH Aachen University; Aachen, Germany
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Jones T, Ramos da Silva S, Bedolla R, Ye F, Zhou F, Gao SJ. Viral cyclin promotes KSHV-induced cellular transformation and tumorigenesis by overriding contact inhibition. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:845-58. [PMID: 24419204 DOI: 10.4161/cc.27758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a tumor virus encoding several proto-oncogenes. However, the roles of these viral genes in KSHV-induced tumorigenesis have not been defined. In this study, we used a recently developed model of KSHV-induced cellular transformation and tumorigenesis combining with a reverse genetic system to examine the role of a KSHV latent gene vCyclin (ORF72), a cellular Cyclin D2 homolog, in KSHV-induced oncogenesis. Deletion of vCyclin did not affect cell proliferation and cell cycle progression at a low-density condition, when cells were at an active proliferation state. However, vCyclin mutant cells were contact-inhibited and arrested at G 1 phase at a high-density condition. As a result, vCyclin mutant cells formed less and smaller colonies in soft agar assay. Nude mice inoculated with vCyclin mutant cells had reduced tumor incidence and extended tumor latency and survival compared with mice inoculated with wild-type (WT) virus-infected cells. WT but not mutant virus effectively induced Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27/Kip1 Ser10 phosphorylation and cytoplasmic relocalization. shRNA knockdown of p27 released the blockage of the mutant cells from cell cycle arrest at G 1 phase at a high-density condition. Together, these results indicate that vCyclin primarily functions to enhance cellular transformation and tumorigenesis by promoting cell cycle progression and cell proliferation at a contact-inhibited condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Jones
- Department of Molecular Medicine; University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; San Antonio, TX USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology; Keck School of Medicine; University of Southern California; Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Suzane Ramos da Silva
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology; Keck School of Medicine; University of Southern California; Los Angeles, CA USA
| | - Roble Bedolla
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Fengchun Ye
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Fuchun Zhou
- Department of Pediatrics; University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; San Antonio, TX USA
| | - Shou-Jiang Gao
- Department of Molecular Medicine; University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; San Antonio, TX USA; Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology; Keck School of Medicine; University of Southern California; Los Angeles, CA USA; Department of Pediatrics; University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; San Antonio, TX USA
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Matsuda Y, Wakai T, Hirose Y, Osawa M, Fujimaki S, Kubota M. p27 Is a critical prognostic biomarker in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:23499-515. [PMID: 24351862 PMCID: PMC3876059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141223499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a recently identified chronic liver disease, which progresses to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As the number of patients studied to date has been limited, clinically useful prognostic biomarkers of NASH-related HCC have not been available. In this study, we investigated the status of a cell-cycle regulator, p27, in NASH-related HCC. p27 has been regarded as a prognostic factor in various types of cancer patients. A total of 22 cases with NASH-related HCC were analyzed for p27 protein expression, and phosphorylation at threonine 157 (T157) and serine 10 (S10) by immunohistochemical analysis. The correlation of p27 with tumor characteristics, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival was analyzed. p27 expression was decreased in 13 HCCs (59%), and was significantly correlated with enlarged tumor size (p = 0.01) and increased cell proliferation (p < 0.01). Phospho-p27 at T157 and S10 was detected in four (18%) and seven (32%) cases, respectively, and patients positive for phospho-p27 (S10) showed reduced DFS (hazard ratio 7.623, p = 0.016) by univariate analysis. Further studies with more patients are required to verify the usefulness of p27 as a biomarker for predicting tumor recurrence in NASH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasunobu Matsuda
- Department of Medical Technology, Niigata University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 2-746 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8518, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Toshifumi Wakai
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; E-Mails: (T.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yuki Hirose
- Division of Digestive and General Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; E-Mails: (T.W.); (Y.H.)
| | - Mami Osawa
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; E-Mails: (M.O.); (M.K.)
| | - Shun Fujimaki
- Department of Medical Technology, Niigata University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 2-746 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8518, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Masayuki Kubota
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8510, Japan; E-Mails: (M.O.); (M.K.)
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