1
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Liu X, Shi Y, Liu R, Song K, Chen L. Structure of human phagocyte NADPH oxidase in the activated state. Nature 2024; 627:189-195. [PMID: 38355798 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07056-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Phagocyte NADPH oxidase, a protein complex with a core made up of NOX2 and p22 subunits, is responsible for transferring electrons from intracellular NADPH to extracellular oxygen1. This process generates superoxide anions that are vital for killing pathogens1. The activation of phagocyte NADPH oxidase requires membrane translocation and the binding of several cytosolic factors2. However, the exact mechanism by which cytosolic factors bind to and activate NOX2 is not well understood. Here we present the structure of the human NOX2-p22 complex activated by fragments of three cytosolic factors: p47, p67 and Rac1. The structure reveals that the p67-Rac1 complex clamps onto the dehydrogenase domain of NOX2 and induces its contraction, which stabilizes the binding of NADPH and results in a reduction of the distance between the NADPH-binding domain and the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)-binding domain. Furthermore, the dehydrogenase domain docks onto the bottom of the transmembrane domain of NOX2, which reduces the distance between FAD and the inner haem. These structural rearrangements might facilitate the efficient transfer of electrons between the redox centres in NOX2 and lead to the activation of phagocyte NADPH oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiting Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kangcheng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, College of Future Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Cardiometabolic Molecular Medicine, Beijing, China.
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- National Biomedical Imaging Center, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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2
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Herb M. NADPH Oxidase 3: Beyond the Inner Ear. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:219. [PMID: 38397817 PMCID: PMC10886416 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13020219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were formerly known as mere byproducts of metabolism with damaging effects on cellular structures. The discovery and description of NADPH oxidases (Nox) as a whole enzyme family that only produce this harmful group of molecules was surprising. After intensive research, seven Nox isoforms were discovered, described and extensively studied. Among them, the NADPH oxidase 3 is the perhaps most underrated Nox isoform, since it was firstly discovered in the inner ear. This stigma of Nox3 as "being only expressed in the inner ear" was also used by me several times. Therefore, the question arose whether this sentence is still valid or even usable. To this end, this review solely focuses on Nox3 and summarizes its discovery, the structural components, the activating and regulating factors, the expression in cells, tissues and organs, as well as the beneficial and detrimental effects of Nox3-mediated ROS production on body functions. Furthermore, the involvement of Nox3-derived ROS in diseases progression and, accordingly, as a potential target for disease treatment, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Herb
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50935 Cologne, Germany;
- German Centre for Infection Research, Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Cluster of Excellence on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), 50931 Cologne, Germany
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3
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Badr AM, El-Orabi NF, Mahran YF, Badr AM, Bayoumy NM, Hagar H, Elmongy EI, Atawia RT. In vivo and In silico evidence of the protective properties of carvacrol against experimentally-induced gastric ulcer: Implication of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic mechanisms. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 382:110649. [PMID: 37499997 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Gastric ulcer is a serious disease that affects millions of individuals worldwide. Alcohol consumption is a major contributor to the disease pathogenesis and ethanol-induced ulcer in rats closely recapitulates the clinical pathology of ulcer. In this study, rats were pretreated with carvacrol (CAR,50 and 100 mg/kg, orally) 1 h before absolute ethanol administration to induce gastric ulcer. CAR prevented ethanol-induced increases in gastric volume and acidity while restored mucin content. The gastro-protective activity of CAR, particularly the higher dose (100 mg/kg), was further supported by histopathological examination, as manifested by reduced gastric lesions. Interestingly, oxidative stress is linked to early stages of ulcer development and progression. In this study, ethanol administration upregulated the levels of ROS-producing enzymes, NADPH oxidase homologs 1 and 4 (Nox1 and Nox4) and lipid peroxides while depleting the antioxidant defense mechanisms, including GSH, Glutathione Peroxidase (GPX) and catalase. Interestingly, these alterations were significantly ameliorated by CAR pretreatment. Additionally, CAR possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. Pretreatment with CAR blunted ethanol-induced increases in inflammatory cytokines (NF-κB and TNF-α) and rectified the apoptosis regulator (Bax/Bcl2 ratio) in gastric tissue. Moreover, the docking simulation of CAR illustrated good fitting and interactions with GPX, Nox1 and TNF-α through the formation of hydrogen and hydrophobic (pi-H) bonds with conservative amino acids, thus, further supporting the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects underlying the gastroprotective effects of CAR. In conclusion, this study elucidates, using in silico and in vivo models, that the gastroprotective activity of CAR is attributed, at least in part, to its mucin-secretagogue, antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira M Badr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naglaa F El-Orabi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Yasmen F Mahran
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abasia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amul M Badr
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Kasr Al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | | | - Hanan Hagar
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elshaymaa I Elmongy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Ain Helwan, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reem T Atawia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abasia, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Southwestern Oklahoma State University, Weatherford, OK, United States.
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4
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Barr ZK, Werner T, Tilsner J. Heavy Metal-Associated Isoprenylated Plant Proteins (HIPPs) at Plasmodesmata: Exploring the Link between Localization and Function. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3015. [PMID: 37631227 PMCID: PMC10459601 DOI: 10.3390/plants12163015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal-associated isoprenylated plant proteins (HIPPs) are a metallochaperone-like protein family comprising a combination of structural features unique to vascular plants. HIPPs possess both one or two heavy metal-binding domains and an isoprenylation site, facilitating a posttranslational protein lipid modification. Recent work has characterized individual HIPPs across numerous different species and provided evidence for varied functionalities. Interestingly, a significant number of HIPPs have been identified in proteomes of plasmodesmata (PD)-nanochannels mediating symplastic connectivity within plant tissues that play pivotal roles in intercellular communication during plant development as well as responses to biotic and abiotic stress. As characterized functions of many HIPPs are linked to stress responses, plasmodesmal HIPP proteins are potentially interesting candidate components of signaling events at or for the regulation of PD. Here, we review what is known about PD-localized HIPP proteins specifically, and how the structure and function of HIPPs more generally could link to known properties and regulation of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Kathleen Barr
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, BMS Building, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK;
- Cell & Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Tomáš Werner
- Department of Biology, University of Graz, Schubertstraße 51, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jens Tilsner
- Biomedical Sciences Research Complex, University of St Andrews, BMS Building, North Haugh, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9ST, UK;
- Cell & Molecular Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
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5
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Mehrabipour M, Jasemi NSK, Dvorsky R, Ahmadian MR. A Systematic Compilation of Human SH3 Domains: A Versatile Superfamily in Cellular Signaling. Cells 2023; 12:2054. [PMID: 37626864 PMCID: PMC10453029 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
SRC homology 3 (SH3) domains are fundamental modules that enable the assembly of protein complexes through physical interactions with a pool of proline-rich/noncanonical motifs from partner proteins. They are widely studied modular building blocks across all five kingdoms of life and viruses, mediating various biological processes. The SH3 domains are also implicated in the development of human diseases, such as cancer, leukemia, osteoporosis, Alzheimer's disease, and various infections. A database search of the human proteome reveals the existence of 298 SH3 domains in 221 SH3 domain-containing proteins (SH3DCPs), ranging from 13 to 720 kilodaltons. A phylogenetic analysis of human SH3DCPs based on their multi-domain architecture seems to be the most practical way to classify them functionally, with regard to various physiological pathways. This review further summarizes the achievements made in the classification of SH3 domain functions, their binding specificity, and their significance for various diseases when exploiting SH3 protein modular interactions as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrnaz Mehrabipour
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.M.); (N.S.K.J.)
| | - Neda S. Kazemein Jasemi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.M.); (N.S.K.J.)
| | - Radovan Dvorsky
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.M.); (N.S.K.J.)
- Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, P. J. Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia
| | - Mohammad R. Ahmadian
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (M.M.); (N.S.K.J.)
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6
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Bouraoui A, Louzada RA, Aimeur S, Waeytens J, Wien F, My-Chan Dang P, Bizouarn T, Dupuy C, Baciou L. New insights in the molecular regulation of the NADPH oxidase 2 activity: Negative modulation by Poldip2. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 199:113-125. [PMID: 36828293 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Poldip2 was shown to be involved in oxidative signaling to ensure certain biological functions. It was proposed that, in VSMC, by interaction with the Nox4-associated membrane protein p22phox, Poldip2 stimulates the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. In vitro, with fractionated membranes from HEK393 cells over-expressing Nox4, we confirmed the up-regulation of NADPH oxidase 4 activity by the recombinant and purified Poldip2. Besides Nox4, the Nox1, Nox2, or Nox3 isoforms are also established partners of the p22phox protein raising the question of their regulation by Poldip2 and of the effect in cells expressing simultaneously different Nox isoforms. In this study, we have addressed this issue by investigating the potential regulatory role of Poldip2 on NADPH oxidase 2, present in phagocyte cells. Unexpectedly, the effect of Poldip2 on phagocyte NADPH oxidase 2 was opposite to that observed on NADPH oxidase 4. Using membranes from circulating resting neutrophils, the ROS production rate of NADPH oxidase 2 was down-regulated by Poldip2 (2.5-fold). The down-regulation effect could not be correlated to the interaction of Poldip2 with p22phox but rather, to the interaction of Poldip2 with the p47phox protein, one of the regulatory proteins of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase. Our results show that the interaction of Poldip2 with p47phox constitutes a novel regulatory mechanism that can negatively modulate the activity of NADPH oxidase 2 by trapping the so-called "adaptor" subunit of the complex. Poldip2 could act as a tunable switch capable of specifically regulating the activities of NADPH oxidases. This selective regulatory role of Poldip2, positive for Nox4 or negative for Nox2 could orchestrate the level and the type of ROS generated by Nox enzymes in the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aicha Bouraoui
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie Physique UMR 8000, CNRS, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Ruy Andrade Louzada
- Université Paris Saclay, UMR 9019 CNRS, Gustave Roussy, 94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Sana Aimeur
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie Physique UMR 8000, CNRS, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Jehan Waeytens
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie Physique UMR 8000, CNRS, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France; Structure et Fonction des Membranes Biologiques, Université libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Frank Wien
- DISCO beamline, Synchrotron SOLEIL, Campus Paris-Saclay, 91192, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - Pham My-Chan Dang
- INSERM U1149, CNRS ERL8252, Centre de Recherche sur l'Inflammation, Université de Paris, Laboratoire d'Excellence Inflamex, Faculté de Médecine, Site Xavier Bichat, Paris, F-75018, France
| | - Tania Bizouarn
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie Physique UMR 8000, CNRS, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Corinne Dupuy
- Université Paris Saclay, UMR 9019 CNRS, Gustave Roussy, 94800, Villejuif, France
| | - Laura Baciou
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Chimie Physique UMR 8000, CNRS, 91405, Orsay Cedex, France.
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7
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Kan Y, Paung Y, Seeliger MA, Miller WT. Domain Architecture of the Nonreceptor Tyrosine Kinase Ack1. Cells 2023; 12:900. [PMID: 36980241 PMCID: PMC10047419 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The nonreceptor tyrosine kinase (NRTK) Ack1 comprises a distinct arrangement of non-catalytic modules. Its SH3 domain has a C-terminal to the kinase domain (SH1), in contrast to the typical SH3-SH2-SH1 layout in NRTKs. The Ack1 is the only protein that shares a region of high homology to the tumor suppressor protein Mig6, a modulator of EGFR. The vertebrate Acks make up the only tyrosine kinase (TK) family known to carry a UBA domain. The GTPase binding and SAM domains are also uncommon in the NRTKs. In addition to being a downstream effector of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and integrins, Ack1 can act as an epigenetic regulator, modulate the degradation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), confer drug resistance, and mediate the progression of hormone-sensitive tumors. In this review, we discuss the domain architecture of Ack1 in relation to other protein kinases that possess such defined regulatory domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yagmur Kan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661, USA
| | - YiTing Paung
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661, USA
| | - Markus A. Seeliger
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661, USA
| | - W. Todd Miller
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8661, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Northport, NY 11768-2200, USA
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Abstract
NOX2 is the prototypical member of the NADPH oxidase NOX superfamily and produces superoxide (O2•-), a key reactive oxygen species (ROS) that is essential in innate and adaptive immunity. Mutations that lead to deficiency in NOX2 activity correlate with increased susceptibility to bacterial and fungal infections, resulting in chronic granulomatous disease. The core of NOX2 is formed by a heterodimeric transmembrane complex composed of NOX2 (formerly gp91) and p22, but a detailed description of its structural architecture is lacking. Here, we present the structure of the human NOX2 core complex bound to a selective anti-NOX2 antibody fragment. The core complex reveals an intricate extracellular topology of NOX2, a four-transmembrane fold of the p22 subunit, and an extensive transmembrane interface which provides insights into NOX2 assembly and activation. Functional assays uncover an inhibitory activity of the 7G5 antibody mediated by internalization-dependent and internalization-independent mechanisms. Overall, our results provide insights into the NOX2 core complex architecture, disease-causing mutations, and potential avenues for selective NOX2 pharmacological modulation.
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9
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Liu Y, Chudgar N, Mastrogiacomo B, He D, Lankadasari MB, Bapat S, Jones GD, Sanchez-Vega F, Tan KS, Schultz N, Mukherjee S, Offit K, Bao Y, Bott MJ, Rekhtman N, Adusumilli PS, Li BT, Mayo MW, Jones DR. A germline SNP in BRMS1 predisposes patients with lung adenocarcinoma to metastasis and can be ameliorated by targeting c-fos. Sci Transl Med 2022; 14:eabo1050. [PMID: 36197962 PMCID: PMC9926934 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abo1050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
About 50% of patients with early-stage, surgically resected lung cancer will develop distant metastasis. There remains an unmet need to identify patients likely to develop recurrence and to design innovative therapies to decrease this risk. Two primary isoforms of BRMS1, v1 and v2, are present in humans. Using next-generation sequencing of BRMS1 on matched human noncancerous lung tissue and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) specimens, we identified single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1052566 that results in an A273V mutation of BRMS1v2. This SNP is homozygous (BRMS1v2A273V/A273V) in 8% of the population and correlates with aggressive biology in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). Mechanistically, we show that BRMS1v2 A273V abolishes the metastasis suppressor function of BRMS1v2 and promotes robust cell invasion and metastases by activation of c-fos-mediated gene-specific transcriptional regulation. BRMS1v2 A273V increases cell invasion in vitro and increases metastases in both tail-vein injection xenografts and LUAD patient-derived organoid (PDO) intracardiac injection metastasis in vivo models. Moreover, we show that BRMS1v2 A273V fails to interact with nuclear Src, thereby activating intratumoral c-fos in vitro. Higher c-fos results in up-regulation of CEACAM6, which drives metastases in vitro and in vivo. Using both xenograft and PDO metastasis models, we repurposed T5224 for treatment, a c-fos pharmacologic inhibitor investigated in clinical trials for arthritis, and observed suppression of metastases in BRMS1v2A273V/A273V LUAD in mice. Collectively, we elucidate the mechanism of BRMS1v2A273V/A273V-induced metastases and offer a putative therapeutic strategy for patients with LUAD who have this germline alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA,Druckenmiller Center for Lung Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Neel Chudgar
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Brooke Mastrogiacomo
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA,Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY USA
| | - Di He
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Manendra B. Lankadasari
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Samhita Bapat
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gregory D. Jones
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | | | - Kay See Tan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY USA
| | - Semanti Mukherjee
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yongde Bao
- Department of Microbiology, University of Virginia; Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Matthew J. Bott
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA,Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY USA
| | - Natasha Rekhtman
- Druckenmiller Center for Lung Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA,Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Prasad S. Adusumilli
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA,Druckenmiller Center for Lung Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Bob T. Li
- Druckenmiller Center for Lung Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA,Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Marty W. Mayo
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia; Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - David R. Jones
- Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA,Druckenmiller Center for Lung Cancer Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; New York, NY 10065, USA,Corresponding Author: David R. Jones, MD, Professor & Chief, Thoracic Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 7, New York, NY 10065 USA Phone: 212-639-6428; Fax: 232-639-6686;
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10
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Chau JE, Vish KJ, Boggon TJ, Stiegler AL. SH3 domain regulation of RhoGAP activity: Crosstalk between p120RasGAP and DLC1 RhoGAP. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4788. [PMID: 35970859 PMCID: PMC9378701 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32541-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
RhoGAP proteins are key regulators of Rho family GTPases and influence a variety of cellular processes, including cell migration, adhesion, and cytokinesis. These GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) downregulate Rho signaling by binding and enhancing the intrinsic GTPase activity of Rho proteins. Deleted in liver cancer 1 (DLC1) is a tumor suppressor and ubiquitously expressed RhoGAP protein; its activity is regulated in part by binding p120RasGAP, a GAP protein for the Ras GTPases. In this study, we report the co-crystal structure of the p120RasGAP SH3 domain bound directly to DLC1 RhoGAP, at a site partially overlapping the RhoA binding site and impinging on the catalytic arginine finger. We demonstrate biochemically that mutation of this interface relieves inhibition of RhoGAP activity by the SH3 domain. These results reveal the mechanism for inhibition of DLC1 RhoGAP activity by p120RasGAP and demonstrate the molecular basis for direct SH3 domain modulation of GAP activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn E Chau
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kimberly J Vish
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Titus J Boggon
- Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Amy L Stiegler
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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11
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Vermot A, Petit-Härtlein I, Smith SME, Fieschi F. NADPH Oxidases (NOX): An Overview from Discovery, Molecular Mechanisms to Physiology and Pathology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:890. [PMID: 34205998 PMCID: PMC8228183 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10060890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The reactive oxygen species (ROS)-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase (NOX) was first identified in the membrane of phagocytic cells. For many years, its only known role was in immune defense, where its ROS production leads to the destruction of pathogens by the immune cells. NOX from phagocytes catalyzes, via one-electron trans-membrane transfer to molecular oxygen, the production of the superoxide anion. Over the years, six human homologs of the catalytic subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase were found: NOX1, NOX3, NOX4, NOX5, DUOX1, and DUOX2. Together with the NOX2/gp91phox component present in the phagocyte NADPH oxidase assembly itself, the homologs are now referred to as the NOX family of NADPH oxidases. NOX are complex multidomain proteins with varying requirements for assembly with combinations of other proteins for activity. The recent structural insights acquired on both prokaryotic and eukaryotic NOX open new perspectives for the understanding of the molecular mechanisms inherent to NOX regulation and ROS production (superoxide or hydrogen peroxide). This new structural information will certainly inform new investigations of human disease. As specialized ROS producers, NOX enzymes participate in numerous crucial physiological processes, including host defense, the post-translational processing of proteins, cellular signaling, regulation of gene expression, and cell differentiation. These diversities of physiological context will be discussed in this review. We also discuss NOX misregulation, which can contribute to a wide range of severe pathologies, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, lung fibrosis, cancer, or neurodegenerative diseases, giving this family of membrane proteins a strong therapeutic interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelise Vermot
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France; (A.V.); (I.P.-H.)
| | - Isabelle Petit-Härtlein
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France; (A.V.); (I.P.-H.)
| | - Susan M. E. Smith
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kennesaw State University, Kennesaw, GA 30144, USA;
| | - Franck Fieschi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, 38000 Grenoble, France; (A.V.); (I.P.-H.)
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12
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Sidibé H, Dubinski A, Vande Velde C. The multi-functional RNA-binding protein G3BP1 and its potential implication in neurodegenerative disease. J Neurochem 2021; 157:944-962. [PMID: 33349931 PMCID: PMC8248322 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ras-GTPase-activating protein (GAP)-binding protein 1 (G3BP1) is a multi-functional protein that is best known for its role in the assembly and dynamics of stress granules. Recent studies have highlighted that G3BP1 also has other functions related to RNA metabolism. In the context of disease, G3BP1 has been therapeutically targeted in cancers because its over-expression is correlated with proliferation of cancerous cells and metastasis. However, evidence suggests that G3BP1 is essential for neuronal development and possibly neuronal maintenance. In this review, we will examine the many functions that are carried out by G3BP1 in the context of neurons and speculate how these functions are critical to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, we will highlight the similarities and differences between G3BP1 and the closely related protein G3BP2, which is frequently overlooked. Although G3BP1 and G3BP2 have both been deemed important for stress granule assembly, their roles may differ in other cellular pathways, some of which are specific to the CNS, and presents an opportunity for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadjara Sidibé
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversité de Montréal, and CHUM Research CenterMontréalQCCanada
| | - Alicia Dubinski
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversité de Montréal, and CHUM Research CenterMontréalQCCanada
| | - Christine Vande Velde
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversité de Montréal, and CHUM Research CenterMontréalQCCanada
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13
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Ayoup MS, Abu-Serie MM, Abdel-Hamid H, Teleb M. Beyond direct Nrf2 activation; reinvestigating 1,2,4-oxadiazole scaffold as a master key unlocking the antioxidant cellular machinery for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 220:113475. [PMID: 33901898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing the antioxidant cellular machinery has sparked considerable interest as an efficient anticancer strategy. Activating Nrf2, the master switch of the cellular redox system, suppresses ROS, alleviates oxidative stress, and halts cancer progression. 1,2,4-oxadiazoles are iconic direct Nrf2 activators that disrupt Nrf2 interaction with its endogenous repressor Keap1. This study introduces rationally designed 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives that inhibit other Nrf2 suppressors (TrxR1, IKKα, and NF-kB) thus enhancing Nrf2 activation for preventing oxidative stress and carcinogenesis. Preliminary screening showed that the phenolic oxadiazoles 11, 15, and 19 were comparable to ascorbic acid (ROS scavenging) and EDTA (iron chelation), and superior to doxorubicin against HepG-2, MDA-MB231, and Caco-2 cells. They suppressed ROS by 3 folds and activated Nrf2 by 2 folds in HepG-2 cells. Mechanistically, they inhibited TrxR1 (IC50; 13.19, 17.89, and 9.21 nM) and IKKα (IC50; 11.0, 15.94, and 19.58 nM), and downregulated NF-κB (7.6, 1.4 and 1.9 folds in HepG-2), respectively. They inhibited NADPH oxidase (IC50; 16.4, 21.94, and 10.71 nM, respectively) that potentiates their antioxidant activities. Docking studies predicted their important structural features. Finally, they recorded drug-like in silico physicochemical properties, ADMET, and ligand efficiency metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Salah Ayoup
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21321, Egypt.
| | - Marwa M Abu-Serie
- Medical Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, SRTA-City, Egypt
| | - Hamida Abdel-Hamid
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21321, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Teleb
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21521, Egypt.
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14
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In silico, in vitro antioxidant and density functional theory based structure activity relationship studies of plant polyphenolics as prominent natural antioxidants. ARAB J CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2019.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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15
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Zhou P, Yan F, Miao Q, Chen Z, Wang H. Why the first self-binding peptide of human c-Src kinase does not contain class II motif but can bind to its cognate Src homology 3 domain in class II mode? J Biomol Struct Dyn 2020; 39:310-318. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1709547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) at Qingshuihe Campus, Chengdu, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) at Shahe Campus, Chengdu, China
- Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) at Qingshuihe Campus, Chengdu, China
| | - Fugang Yan
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) at Qingshuihe Campus, Chengdu, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) at Shahe Campus, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingqing Miao
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) at Qingshuihe Campus, Chengdu, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) at Shahe Campus, Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) at Qingshuihe Campus, Chengdu, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) at Shahe Campus, Chengdu, China
| | - Heyi Wang
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) at Qingshuihe Campus, Chengdu, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) at Shahe Campus, Chengdu, China
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16
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The NADPH Oxidase and the Phagosome. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1246:153-177. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-40406-2_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Henríquez-Olguín C, Boronat S, Cabello-Verrugio C, Jaimovich E, Hidalgo E, Jensen TE. The Emerging Roles of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Oxidase 2 in Skeletal Muscle Redox Signaling and Metabolism. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:1371-1410. [PMID: 31588777 PMCID: PMC6859696 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2018.7678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Skeletal muscle is a crucial tissue to whole-body locomotion and metabolic health. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have emerged as intracellular messengers participating in both physiological and pathological adaptations in skeletal muscle. A complex interplay between ROS-producing enzymes and antioxidant networks exists in different subcellular compartments of mature skeletal muscle. Recent evidence suggests that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases (NOXs) are a major source of contraction- and insulin-stimulated oxidants production, but they may paradoxically also contribute to muscle insulin resistance and atrophy. Recent Advances: Pharmacological and molecular biological tools, including redox-sensitive probes and transgenic mouse models, have generated novel insights into compartmentalized redox signaling and suggested that NOX2 contributes to redox control of skeletal muscle metabolism. Critical Issues: Major outstanding questions in skeletal muscle include where NOX2 activation occurs under different conditions in health and disease, how NOX2 activation is regulated, how superoxide/hydrogen peroxide generated by NOX2 reaches the cytosol, what the signaling mediators are downstream of NOX2, and the role of NOX2 for different physiological and pathophysiological processes. Future Directions: Future research should utilize and expand the current redox-signaling toolbox to clarify the NOX2-dependent mechanisms in skeletal muscle and determine whether the proposed functions of NOX2 in cells and animal models are conserved into humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henríquez-Olguín
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Muscle Cell Physiology Laboratory, Center for Exercise, Metabolism, and Cancer, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susanna Boronat
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudio Cabello-Verrugio
- Laboratory of Muscle Pathology, Fragility and Aging, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Santiago, Chile.,Center for the Development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (CEDENNA), Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Enrique Jaimovich
- Muscle Cell Physiology Laboratory, Center for Exercise, Metabolism, and Cancer, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elena Hidalgo
- Oxidative Stress and Cell Cycle Group, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas E Jensen
- Section of Molecular Physiology, Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports (NEXS), Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Arbesú M, Pons M. Integrating disorder in globular multidomain proteins: Fuzzy sensors and the role of SH3 domains. Arch Biochem Biophys 2019; 677:108161. [PMID: 31678340 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins represent about one third of eukaryotic proteins. An additional third correspond to proteins containing folded domains as well as large intrinsically disordered regions (IDR). While IDRs may represent functionally autonomous domains, in some instances it has become clear that they provide a new layer of regulation for the activity displayed by the folded domains. The sensitivity of the conformational ensembles defining the properties of IDR to small changes in the cellular environment and the capacity to modulate this response through post-translational modifications makes IDR ideal sensors enabling continuous, integrative responses to complex cellular inputs. Folded domains (FD), on the other hand, are ideal effectors, e.g. by catalyzing enzymatic reactions or participating in binary on/off switches. In this perspective review we discuss the possible role of intramolecular fuzzy complexes to integrate the very different dynamic scales of IDR and FD, inspired on the recent observations of such dynamic complexes in Src family kinases, and we explore the possible general role of the SH3 domains connecting IDRs and FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Arbesú
- Biomolecular NMR laboratory. Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry. University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Pons
- Biomolecular NMR laboratory. Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry. University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac, 10-12, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
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19
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Bertran MT, Mouilleron S, Zhou Y, Bajaj R, Uliana F, Kumar GS, van Drogen A, Lee R, Banerjee JJ, Hauri S, O'Reilly N, Gstaiger M, Page R, Peti W, Tapon N. ASPP proteins discriminate between PP1 catalytic subunits through their SH3 domain and the PP1 C-tail. Nat Commun 2019; 10:771. [PMID: 30770806 PMCID: PMC6377682 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08686-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine/threonine phosphatases such as PP1 lack substrate specificity and associate with a large array of targeting subunits to achieve the requisite selectivity. The tumour suppressor ASPP (apoptosis-stimulating protein of p53) proteins associate with PP1 catalytic subunits and are implicated in multiple functions from transcriptional regulation to cell junction remodelling. Here we show that Drosophila ASPP is part of a multiprotein PP1 complex and that PP1 association is necessary for several in vivo functions of Drosophila ASPP. We solve the crystal structure of the human ASPP2/PP1 complex and show that ASPP2 recruits PP1 using both its canonical RVxF motif, which binds the PP1 catalytic domain, and its SH3 domain, which engages the PP1 C-terminal tail. The ASPP2 SH3 domain can discriminate between PP1 isoforms using an acidic specificity pocket in the n-Src domain, providing an exquisite mechanism where multiple motifs are used combinatorially to tune binding affinity to PP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Teresa Bertran
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Stéphane Mouilleron
- Structural Biology - Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
| | - Yanxiang Zhou
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Rakhi Bajaj
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Arizona, 1041 E. Lowell Street, Biosciences West, 517, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Federico Uliana
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ganesan Senthil Kumar
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Arizona, 1041 E. Lowell Street, Biosciences West, 517, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Audrey van Drogen
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Lee
- Structural Biology - Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Jennifer J Banerjee
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Simon Hauri
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Nicola O'Reilly
- Peptide Chemistry Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Matthias Gstaiger
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zürich, 8093, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Rebecca Page
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Arizona, 1041 E. Lowell Street, Biosciences West, 517, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Wolfgang Peti
- Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, University of Arizona, 1041 E. Lowell Street, Biosciences West, 517, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Nicolas Tapon
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 1AT, UK.
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20
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Li Y, Cifuentes-Pagano E, DeVallance ER, de Jesus DS, Sahoo S, Meijles DN, Koes D, Camacho CJ, Ross M, St Croix C, Pagano PJ. NADPH oxidase 2 inhibitors CPP11G and CPP11H attenuate endothelial cell inflammation & vessel dysfunction and restore mouse hind-limb flow. Redox Biol 2019; 22:101143. [PMID: 30897521 PMCID: PMC6435978 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
First described as essential to the phagocytic activity of leukocytes, Nox2-derived ROS have emerged as mediators of a range of cellular and tissue responses across species from salubrious to deleterious consequences. Knowledge of their role in inflammation is limited, however. We postulated that TNFα-induced endothelial reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and pro-inflammatory signaling would be ameliorated by targeting Nox2. Herein, we in silico-modelled two first-in-class Nox2 inhibitors developed in our laboratory, explored their cellular mechanism of action and tested their efficacy in in vitro and mouse in vivo models of inflammation. Our data show that these inhibitors (CPP11G and CPP11H) disrupted canonical Nox2 organizing factor, p47phox, translocation to Nox2 in the plasma membrane; and abolished ROS production, markedly attenuated stress-responsive MAPK signaling and downstream AP-1 and NFκB nuclear translocation in human cells. Consequently, cell adhesion molecule expression and monocyte adherence were significantly inhibited by both inhibitors. In vivo, TNFα-induced ROS and inflammation were ameliorated by targeted Nox2 inhibition, which, in turn, improved hind-limb blood flow. These studies identify a proximal role for Nox2 in propagated inflammatory signaling and support therapeutic value of Nox2 inhibitors in inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- Vascular Medicine Institute, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, USA
| | - E Cifuentes-Pagano
- Vascular Medicine Institute, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, USA
| | - E R DeVallance
- Vascular Medicine Institute, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, USA
| | - D S de Jesus
- Vascular Medicine Institute, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, USA
| | - S Sahoo
- Vascular Medicine Institute, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, USA
| | | | - D Koes
- Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - C J Camacho
- Computational and Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, USA
| | - M Ross
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - C St Croix
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - P J Pagano
- Vascular Medicine Institute, USA; Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, USA.
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21
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Ziegler CS, Bouchab L, Tramier M, Durand D, Fieschi F, Dupré-Crochet S, Mérola F, Nüße O, Erard M. Quantitative live-cell imaging and 3D modeling reveal critical functional features in the cytosolic complex of phagocyte NADPH oxidase. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:3824-3836. [PMID: 30630949 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.006864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocyte NADPH oxidase produces superoxide anions, a precursor of reactive oxygen species (ROS) critical for host responses to microbial infections. However, uncontrolled ROS production contributes to inflammation, making NADPH oxidase a major drug target. It consists of two membranous (Nox2 and p22phox) and three cytosolic subunits (p40phox, p47phox, and p67phox) that undergo structural changes during enzyme activation. Unraveling the interactions between these subunits and the resulting conformation of the complex could shed light on NADPH oxidase regulation and help identify inhibition sites. However, the structures and the interactions of flexible proteins comprising several well-structured domains connected by intrinsically disordered protein segments are difficult to investigate by conventional techniques such as X-ray crystallography, NMR, or cryo-EM. Here, we developed an analytical strategy based on FRET-fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) and fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS) to structurally and quantitatively characterize NADPH oxidase in live cells. We characterized the inter- and intramolecular interactions of its cytosolic subunits by elucidating their conformation, stoichiometry, interacting fraction, and affinities in live cells. Our results revealed that the three subunits have a 1:1:1 stoichiometry and that nearly 100% of them are present in complexes in living cells. Furthermore, combining FRET data with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) models and published crystal structures of isolated domains and subunits, we built a 3D model of the entire cytosolic complex. The model disclosed an elongated complex containing a flexible hinge separating two domains ideally positioned at one end of the complex and critical for oxidase activation and interactions with membrane components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia S Ziegler
- From the Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay France
| | - Leïla Bouchab
- From the Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay France
| | - Marc Tramier
- the Université Rennes, CNRS, Institut de Génétique et Développement de Rennes - UMR 6290, BIOSIT - UMS 3480, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Durand
- the Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, CEA, CNRS UMR 9198, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France, and
| | - Franck Fieschi
- the Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA, Institut de Biologie Structurale, F-38044 Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Dupré-Crochet
- From the Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay France
| | - Fabienne Mérola
- From the Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay France
| | - Oliver Nüße
- From the Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay France,
| | - Marie Erard
- From the Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91405, Orsay France,
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Sumimoto H, Minakami R, Miyano K. Soluble Regulatory Proteins for Activation of NOX Family NADPH Oxidases. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1982:121-137. [PMID: 31172470 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9424-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
NOX family NADPH oxidases deliberately produce reactive oxygen species and thus contribute to a variety of biological functions. Of seven members in the human family, the three oxidases NOX2, NOX1, and NOX3 form a heterodimer with p22phox and are regulated by soluble regulatory proteins: p47phox, its related organizer NOXO1; p67phox, its related activator NOXA1; p40phox; and the small GTPase Rac. Activation of the phagocyte oxidase NOX2 requires p47phox, p67phox, and GTP-bound Rac. In addition to these regulators, p40phox plays a crucial role when NOX2 is activated during phagocytosis. On the other hand, NOX1 activation prefers NOXO1 and NOXA1, although Rac is also involved. NOX3 constitutively produces superoxide, which is enhanced by regulatory proteins such as p47phox, NOXO1, and p67phox. Here we describe mechanisms for NOX activation with special attention to the soluble regulatory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Sumimoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Reiko Minakami
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kei Miyano
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
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Gonzalez-Perilli L, Prolo C, Álvarez MN. Arachidonic Acid and Nitroarachidonic: Effects on NADPH Oxidase Activity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1127:85-95. [PMID: 31140173 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11488-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid that participates in the inflammatory response mainly through bioactive-lipids formation in macrophages and also in the phagocytic NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) activation. NOX2 is the enzyme responsible for a huge superoxide formation in macrophages, essential to eliminate pathogens inside the phagosome. The oxidase is an enzymatic complex comprised of a membrane-bound flavocytochrome b 558 (gp91phox/p22phox), three cytosolic subunits (p47phox, p40phox and p67phox) and a Rac-GTPase. The enzyme becomes active when macrophages are exposed to appropriate stimuli that trigger the phosphorylation of cytosolic subunits and its migration to plasmatic membrane to form the active complex. It is proposed that AA stimulates NOX2 activity through AA interaction with different components of the NADPH oxidase complex. In inflammatory conditions, there is an increase in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that results in the production of nitrated derivatives of AA, such as nitroarachidonic acid (NO2-AA). NO2-AA is capable to inhibit NOX2 activity by interfering with p47phox migration to the membrane without affecting phosphorylation of cytosolic proteins. Also, NO2-AA is capable to interact with protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), which is involved on NOX2 active complex formation. It has been demonstrated that NO2-AA forms a covalent adduct with PDI that could prevent the interaction with NOX2 and it would explain the inhibitory effects of the fatty acid upon NOX2. Together, current data indicate that AA is an important activator of NOX2 formed in the early events of the inflammatory response, leading to a massive production of oxidants that may, in turn, promote NO2-AA formation and shutting down the oxidative burst. Hence, AA and its derivatives could have antagonistic roles on NOX2 activity regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Gonzalez-Perilli
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina-Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carolina Prolo
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina-Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Noel Álvarez
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina-Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Kokoszka ME, Kall SL, Khosla S, McGinnis JE, Lavie A, Kay BK. Identification of two distinct peptide-binding pockets in the SH3 domain of human mixed-lineage kinase 3. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:13553-13565. [PMID: 29980598 PMCID: PMC6120190 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.000262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mixed-lineage kinase 3 (MLK3; also known as MAP3K11) is a Ser/Thr protein kinase widely expressed in normal and cancerous tissues, including brain, lung, liver, heart, and skeletal muscle tissues. Its Src homology 3 (SH3) domain has been implicated in MLK3 autoinhibition and interactions with other proteins, including those from viruses. The MLK3 SH3 domain contains a six-amino-acid insert corresponding to the n-Src insert, suggesting that MLK3 may bind additional peptides. Here, affinity selection of a phage-displayed combinatorial peptide library for MLK3's SH3 domain yielded a 13-mer peptide, designated "MLK3 SH3-interacting peptide" (MIP). Unlike most SH3 domain peptide ligands, MIP contained a single proline. The 1.2-Å crystal structure of the MIP-bound SH3 domain revealed that the peptide adopts a β-hairpin shape, and comparison with a 1.5-Å apo SH3 domain structure disclosed that the n-Src loop in SH3 undergoes an MIP-induced conformational change. A 1.5-Å structure of the MLK3 SH3 domain bound to a canonical proline-rich peptide from hepatitis C virus nonstructural 5A (NS5A) protein revealed that it and MIP bind the SH3 domain at two distinct sites, but biophysical analyses suggested that the two peptides compete with each other for SH3 binding. Moreover, SH3 domains of MLK1 and MLK4, but not MLK2, also bound MIP, suggesting that the MLK1-4 family may be differentially regulated through their SH3 domains. In summary, we have identified two distinct peptide-binding sites in the SH3 domain of MLK3, providing critical insights into mechanisms of ligand binding by the MLK family of kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefanie L Kall
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | | | | | - Arnon Lavie
- Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois 60607
| | - Brian K Kay
- From the Departments of Biological Sciences and
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25
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Brown T, Brown N, Stollar EJ. Most yeast SH3 domains bind peptide targets with high intrinsic specificity. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193128. [PMID: 29470497 PMCID: PMC5823434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A need exists to develop bioinformatics for predicting differences in protein function, especially for members of a domain family who share a common fold, yet are found in a diverse array of proteins. Many domain families have been conserved over large evolutionary spans and representative genomic data during these periods are now available. This allows a simple method for grouping domain sequences to reveal common and unique/specific binding residues. As such, we hypothesize that sequence alignment analysis of the yeast SH3 domain family across ancestral species in the fungal kingdom can determine whether each member encodes specific information to bind unique peptide targets. With this approach, we identify important specific residues for a given domain as those that show little conservation within an alignment of yeast domain family members (paralogs) but are conserved in an alignment of its direct relatives (orthologs). We find most of the yeast SH3 domain family members have maintained unique amino acid conservation patterns that suggest they bind peptide targets with high intrinsic specificity through varying degrees of non-canonical recognition. For a minority of domains, we predict a less diverse binding surface, likely requiring additional factors to bind targets specifically. We observe that our predictions are consistent with high throughput binding data, which suggests our approach can probe intrinsic binding specificity in any other interaction domain family that is maintained during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Brown
- Math and Computer Science Department, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM, United States of America
| | - Nick Brown
- Portales High School, Portales, NM, United States of America
| | - Elliott J. Stollar
- Physical Sciences Department, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Comprehensive Analysis of the Human SH3 Domain Family Reveals a Wide Variety of Non-canonical Specificities. Structure 2017; 25:1598-1610.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Schröder K, Weissmann N, Brandes RP. Organizers and activators: Cytosolic Nox proteins impacting on vascular function. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 109:22-32. [PMID: 28336130 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
NADPH oxidases of the Nox family are important enzymatic sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cardiovascular system. Of the 7 members of the Nox family, at least three depend for their activation on specific cytosolic proteins. These are p47phox and its homologue NoxO1 and p67phox and its homologue NoxA1. Also the Rho-GTPase Rac is important but as this protein has many additional functions, it will not be covered here. The Nox1 enzyme is preferentially activated by the combination of NoxO1 with NoxA1, whereas Nox2 gains highest activity with p47phox together with p67phox. As p47phox, different to NoxO1 contains an auto inhibitory region it has to be phosphorylated prior to complex formation. In the cardio-vascular system, all cytosolic Nox proteins are expressed but the evidence for their contribution to ROS production is not well established. Most data have been collected for p47phox, whereas NoxA1 has basically not yet been studied. In this article the specific aspects of cytosolic Nox proteins in the cardiovascular system with respect to Nox activation, their expression and their importance will be reviewed. Finally, it will be discussed whether cytosolic Nox proteins are suitable pharmacological targets to tamper with vascular ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Schröder
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- Excellence Cluster Cardiopulmonary System, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig-University, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralf P Brandes
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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28
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Zhou P, Hou S, Bai Z, Li Z, Wang H, Chen Z, Meng Y. Disrupting the intramolecular interaction between proto-oncogene c-Src SH3 domain and its self-binding peptide PPII with rationally designed peptide ligands. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:1122-1131. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1360327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
- Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of the Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
| | - Shasha Hou
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of the Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengya Bai
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of the Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongyan Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory for Neuroinformation of the Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
| | - Heyi Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
| | - Zheng Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
| | - Yang Meng
- School of Life Science and Technology, Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China
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C-terminal tail of NADPH oxidase organizer 1 (Noxo1) mediates interaction with NADPH oxidase activator (Noxa1) in the NOX1 complex. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017. [PMID: 28625920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.06.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
NOX1 (NADPH oxidase) similar to phagocyte NADPH oxidase, is expressed mainly in the colon epithelium and it is responsible for host defense against microbial infections by generating ROS (reactive oxygen species). NOX1 is activated by two regulatory cytosolic proteins that form a hetero-dimer, Noxo1 (NOX organizer 1) and Noxa1 (NOX activator 1). The interaction between Noxa1 and Noxo1 is critical for activating NOX1. However no structural studies for interaction between Noxa1 and Noxo1 has not been reported till date. Here, we studied the inter-molecular interaction between the SH3 domain of Noxa1 and Noxo1 using pull-down assay and NMR spectroscopy. 15N/13C-labeled SH3 domain of Noxa1 has been purified for hetero-nuclear NMR experiments (HNCACB, CBCACONH, HNCA, HNCO, and HSQC). TALOS analysis using backbone assignment data of the Noxa1 SH3 domain showed that the structure primarily consists of β-sheets. Data from pull-down assay between the Noxo1 and Noxa1 showed that the SH3 domains (Noxa1) is responsible for interaction with Noxo1 C-terminal tail harboring proline rich region (PRR). The concentration-dependent titration of the Noxo1 C-terminal tail to Noxa1 shows that Noxo1 particularly in the RT loop: Q407*, H408, S409, A412*, G414*, E416, D417, L418, and F420; n-Src loop: C430, E431*, V432*, A435, W436, and L437; and terminal region: I447; F448*, F452* and V454 interact with Noxa1. Our results will provide a detailed understanding for interaction between Noxa1 and Noxo1 at the molecular level, providing insights into their cytoplasmic activity-mediated functioning as well as regulatory role of C-terminal tail of Noxo1 in the NOX1 complex.
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30
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Synthesis, characterization, and bio-activity evaluation of thiourea derivatives of epinephrine as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents: molecular docking studies. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-017-1938-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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31
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Binding of EBP50 to Nox organizing subunit p47phox is pivotal to cellular reactive species generation and altered vascular phenotype. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:E5308-17. [PMID: 27540115 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1514161113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite numerous reports implicating NADPH oxidases (Nox) in the pathogenesis of many diseases, precise regulation of this family of professional reactive oxygen species (ROS) producers remains unclear. A unique member of this family, Nox1 oxidase, functions as either a canonical or hybrid system using Nox organizing subunit 1 (NoxO1) or p47(phox), respectively, the latter of which is functional in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). In this manuscript, we identify critical requirement of ezrin-radixin-moesin-binding phosphoprotein 50 (EBP50; aka NHERF1) for Nox1 activation and downstream responses. Superoxide (O2 (•-)) production induced by angiotensin II (AngII) was absent in mouse EBP50 KO VSMC vs. WT. Moreover, ex vivo incubation of aortas with AngII showed a significant increase in O2 (•-) in WT but not EBP50 or Nox1 nulls. Similarly, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced oxidative stress was attenuated in femoral arteries from EBP50 KO vs. WT. In silico analyses confirmed by confocal microscopy, immunoprecipitation, proximity ligation assay, FRET, and gain-/loss-of-function mutagenesis revealed binding of EBP50, via its PDZ domains, to a specific motif in p47(phox) Functional studies revealed AngII-induced hypertrophy was absent in EBP50 KOs, and in VSMC overexpressing EBP50, Nox1 gene silencing abolished VSMC hypertrophy. Finally, ex vivo measurement of lumen diameter in mouse resistance arteries exhibited attenuated AngII-induced vasoconstriction in EBP50 KO vs. WT. Taken together, our data identify EBP50 as a previously unidentified regulator of Nox1 and support that it promotes Nox1 activity by binding p47(phox) This interaction is pivotal for agonist-induced smooth muscle ROS, hypertrophy, and vasoconstriction and has implications for ROS-mediated physiological and pathophysiological processes.
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Kazlauskas A, Schmotz C, Kesti T, Hepojoki J, Kleino I, Kaneko T, Li SSC, Saksela K. Large-Scale Screening of Preferred Interactions of Human Src Homology-3 (SH3) Domains Using Native Target Proteins as Affinity Ligands. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:3270-3281. [PMID: 27440912 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.060483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Src Homology-3 (SH3) domains are ubiquitous protein modules that mediate important intracellular protein interactions via binding to short proline-rich consensus motifs in their target proteins. The affinity and specificity of such core SH3 - ligand contacts are typically modest, but additional binding interfaces can give rise to stronger and more specific SH3-mediated interactions. To understand how commonly such robust SH3 interactions occur in the human protein interactome, and to identify these in an unbiased manner we have expressed 324 predicted human SH3 ligands as full-length proteins in mammalian cells, and screened for their preferred SH3 partners using a phage display-based approach. This discovery platform contains an essentially complete repertoire of the ∼300 human SH3 domains, and involves an inherent binding threshold that ensures selective identification of only SH3 interactions with relatively high affinity. Such strong and selective SH3 partners could be identified for only 19 of these 324 predicted ligand proteins, suggesting that the majority of human SH3 interactions are relatively weak, and thereby have capacity for only modest inherent selectivity. The panel of exceptionally robust SH3 interactions identified here provides a rich source of leads and hypotheses for further studies. However, a truly comprehensive characterization of the human SH3 interactome will require novel high-throughput methods based on function instead of absolute binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunas Kazlauskas
- From the ‡Department of Virology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Constanze Schmotz
- From the ‡Department of Virology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tapio Kesti
- From the ‡Department of Virology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Hepojoki
- From the ‡Department of Virology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iivari Kleino
- From the ‡Department of Virology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomonori Kaneko
- §Department of Biochemistry and the Siebens-Drake Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Shawn S C Li
- §Department of Biochemistry and the Siebens-Drake Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
| | - Kalle Saksela
- From the ‡Department of Virology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland;
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Bizouarn T, Karimi G, Masoud R, Souabni H, Machillot P, Serfaty X, Wien F, Réfrégiers M, Houée-Levin C, Baciou L. Exploring the arachidonic acid-induced structural changes in phagocyte NADPH oxidase p47phoxand p67phoxvia thiol accessibility and SRCD spectroscopy. FEBS J 2016; 283:2896-910. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tania Bizouarn
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique UMR 8000; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris Saclay; Orsay Cedex France
| | - Gilda Karimi
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique UMR 8000; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris Saclay; Orsay Cedex France
| | - Rawand Masoud
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique UMR 8000; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris Saclay; Orsay Cedex France
| | - Hager Souabni
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique UMR 8000; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris Saclay; Orsay Cedex France
| | - Paul Machillot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique UMR 8000; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris Saclay; Orsay Cedex France
| | - Xavier Serfaty
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique UMR 8000; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris Saclay; Orsay Cedex France
| | - Frank Wien
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Campus Paris-Saclay; Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France
| | | | - Chantal Houée-Levin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique UMR 8000; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris Saclay; Orsay Cedex France
| | - Laura Baciou
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique UMR 8000; Univ. Paris-Sud; CNRS; Université Paris Saclay; Orsay Cedex France
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34
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Luo L, Xue J, Kwan A, Gamsjaeger R, Wielens J, von Kleist L, Cubeddu L, Guo Z, Stow JL, Parker MW, Mackay JP, Robinson PJ. The Binding of Syndapin SH3 Domain to Dynamin Proline-rich Domain Involves Short and Long Distance Elements. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:9411-24. [PMID: 26893375 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.703108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamin is a GTPase that mediates vesicle fission during synaptic vesicle endocytosis. Its long C-terminal proline-rich domain contains 13 PXXP motifs, which orchestrate its interactions with multiple proteins. The SH3 domains of syndapin and endophilin bind the PXXP motifs called Site 2 and 3 (Pro-786-Pro-793) at the N-terminal end of the proline-rich domain, whereas the amphiphysin SH3 binds Site 9 (Pro-833-Pro-836) toward the C-terminal end. In some proteins, SH3/peptide interactions also involve short distance elements, which are 5-15 amino acid extensions flanking the central PXXP motif for high affinity binding. Here we found two previously unrecognized elements in the central and the C-terminal end of the dynamin proline-rich domain that account for a significant increase in syndapin binding affinity compared with a previously reported Site 2 and Site 3 PXXP peptide alone. The first new element (Gly-807-Gly-811) is short distance element on the C-terminal side of Site 2 PXXP, which might contact a groove identified under the RT loop of the SH3 domain. The second element (Arg-838-Pro-844) is located about 50 amino acids downstream of Site 2. These two elements provide additional specificity to the syndapin SH3 domain outside of the well described polyproline-binding groove. Thus, the dynamin/syndapin interaction is mediated via a network of multiple contacts outside the core PXXP motif over a previously unrecognized extended region of the proline-rich domain. To our knowledge this is the first example among known SH3 interactions to involve spatially separated and extended long-range elements that combine to provide a higher affinity interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Luo
- From the Cell Signalling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia, IMB Center for Inflammation and Disease Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jing Xue
- From the Cell Signalling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Ann Kwan
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Roland Gamsjaeger
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia, School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, New South Wales 2751, Australia
| | - Jerome Wielens
- ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Center, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
| | - Lisa von Kleist
- Group of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Thielallee 63, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Liza Cubeddu
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia, School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, New South Wales 2751, Australia
| | - Zhong Guo
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jennifer L Stow
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia, IMB Center for Inflammation and Disease Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Michael W Parker
- ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Center, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Joel P Mackay
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia,
| | - Phillip J Robinson
- From the Cell Signalling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2145, Australia,
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Desrochers G, Lussier-Price M, Omichinski JG, Angers A. Multiple Src Homology 3 Binding to the Ubiquitin Ligase Itch Conserved Proline-Rich Region. Biochemistry 2015; 54:7345-54. [PMID: 26613292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b01131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Itch is a member of the C2-WW-HECT (CWH) family of ubiquitin ligases involved in the control of inflammatory signaling pathways, several transcription factors, and sorting of surface receptors to the degradative pathway. In addition to these common domains, Itch also contains a conserved proline-rich region (PRR) allowing its interaction with Src homology 3 (SH3) domain-containing proteins. This region is composed of 20 amino acids and contains one consensus class I and three class II SH3-binding motifs. Several SH3 domain-containing partners have been shown to recognize the Itch PRR, but their binding properties have been poorly defined. Here we compare a subset of endocytic SH3 domain-containing proteins using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer, isothermal titration calorimetry, and pull-down assays. Results indicate that Endophilin is a high-affinity binding partner of Itch both in vivo and in vitro, with a calculated KD placing this complex among the highest-affinity SH3 domain-mediated interactions reported to date. All of the SH3 domains tested here bind to Itch with a 1:1 stoichiometry, except for β-PIX that binds with a 2:1 stoichiometry. Together, these results indicate that Itch PRR is a versatile binding module that can accommodate several different SH3 domain-containing proteins but has a preference for Endophilin. Interestingly, the catalytic activity of Itch toward different SH3 domain-containing proteins was similar, except for β-PIX that was not readily ubiquitylated even though it could interact with an affinity comparable to those of other substrates tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Desrochers
- Department of Biological Sciences and ‡Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal , Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Mathieu Lussier-Price
- Department of Biological Sciences and ‡Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal , Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - James G Omichinski
- Department of Biological Sciences and ‡Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal , Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Annie Angers
- Department of Biological Sciences and ‡Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal , Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
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36
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Xu W, Ma L, Li W, Brunson TA, Tian X, Richards J, Li Q, Bythwood T, Yuan Z, Song Q. Functional pseudogenes inhibit the superoxide production. PRECISION MEDICINE 2015; 1:e745. [PMID: 26086043 PMCID: PMC4467915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We recently discovered a dynamic copy number variation on the NCF1 (neutrophil cytosolic factor 1) pseudogenes in human populations. In this study, we investigated whether these pseudogenes are functional or junk as described before. We sequenced the RNAs transcribed from the genome of this locus, and discovered over 10 splicing isoforms from the NCF1 pseudogenes. We cloned 4 splicing isoforms into expression vectors and introduced them into human vascular endothelial cells by transient transfection. We then used two chemical approaches to measure the superoxide production in the cells with and without these pseudogene overexpression. Our data showed that three pseudogene splicing products remarkably reduced the superoxide production after the GFP (Green fluorescent protein) normalization. We used an anti-HA (Hemagglutinin A) tag antibody to stain the cells and confirmed that the proteins transcribed from the NCF1 pseudogene were exclusively localized in the cytoplasm in the perinuclear area in the transient transfection assays. We further examined the tissue distribution of these splicing isoforms of NCF1 pseudogenes in human tissues by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Our data showed that although these splicing variants are ubiquitously expressed in non-immune tissues in human, they seem to be under a tight control of transcription regulation and show a non-random distribution pattern across tissues. This study challenges the concept that pseudogenes in human genome are only junks without biological functions. Moreover, it suggests that those pseudogenes in human genome may serve as a natural resource for novel drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, and Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30310, USA
| | - Li Ma
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30310, USA
- 4DGENOME Inc, Atlanta,Georgia 30092, GA
| | - Wenzhi Li
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30310, USA
| | - Tiffany A. Brunson
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30310, USA
| | - Xiaohua Tian
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30310, USA
| | - Jendai Richards
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30310, USA
| | - Qiling Li
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30310, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tameka Bythwood
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30310, USA
| | - Zuyi Yuan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, and Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qing Song
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, and Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30310, USA
- Department of Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30310, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- 4DGENOME Inc, Atlanta,Georgia 30092, GA
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Regions outside of conserved PxxPxR motifs drive the high affinity interaction of GRB2 with SH3 domain ligands. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2015; 1853:2560-9. [PMID: 26079855 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
SH3 domains are evolutionarily conserved protein interaction domains that control nearly all cellular processes in eukaryotes. The current model is that most SH3 domains bind discreet PxxPxR motifs with weak affinity and relatively low selectivity. However, the interactions of full-length SH3 domain-containing proteins with ligands are highly specific and have much stronger affinity. This suggests that regions outside of PxxPxR motifs drive these interactions. In this study, we observed that PxxPxR motifs were required for the binding of the adaptor protein GRB2 to short peptides from its ligand SOS1. Surprisingly, PxxPxR motifs from the proline rich region of SOS1 or CBL were neither necessary nor sufficient for the in vitro or in vivo interaction with full-length GRB2. Together, our findings show that regions outside of the consensus PxxPxR sites drive the high affinity association of GRB2 with SH3 domain ligands, suggesting that the binding mechanism for this and other SH3 domain interactions may be more complex than originally thought.
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A Comprehensive Membrane Interactome Mapping of Sho1p Reveals Fps1p as a Novel Key Player in the Regulation of the HOG Pathway in S. cerevisiae. J Mol Biol 2015; 427:2088-103. [PMID: 25644660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2015.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Sho1p, an integral membrane protein, plays a vital role in the high-osmolarity glycerol (HOG) mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Activated under conditions of high osmotic stress, it interacts with other HOG pathway proteins to mediate cell signaling events, ensuring that yeast cells can adapt and remain viable. In an attempt to further understand how the function of Sho1p is regulated through its protein-protein interactions (PPIs), we identified 49 unique Sho1p PPIs through the use of membrane yeast two-hybrid (MYTH), an assay specifically suited to identify PPIs of full-length integral membrane proteins in their native membrane environment. Secondary validation by literature search, or two complementary PPI assays, confirmed 80% of these interactions, resulting in a high-quality Sho1p interactome. This set of putative PPIs included both previously characterized interactors, along with a large subset of interactors that have not been previously identified as binding to Sho1p. The SH3 domain of Sho1p was found to be important for binding to many of these interactors. One particular novel interactor of interest is the glycerol transporter Fps1p, which was shown to require the SH3 domain of Sho1p for binding via its N-terminal soluble regulatory domain. Furthermore, we found that Fps1p is involved in the positive regulation of Sho1p function and plays a role in the phosphorylation of the downstream kinase Hog1p. This study represents the largest membrane interactome analysis of Sho1p to date and complements past studies on the HOG pathway by increasing our understanding of Sho1p regulation.
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The proline-rich region of 18.5 kDa myelin basic protein binds to the SH3-domain of Fyn tyrosine kinase with the aid of an upstream segment to form a dynamic complex in vitro. Biosci Rep 2014; 34:e00157. [PMID: 25343306 PMCID: PMC4266924 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20140149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The intrinsically disordered 18.5 kDa classic isoform of MBP (myelin basic protein) interacts with Fyn kinase during oligodendrocyte development and myelination. It does so primarily via a central proline-rich SH3 (Src homology 3) ligand (T92–R104, murine 18.5 kDa MBP sequence numbering) that is part of a molecular switch due to its high degree of conservation and modification by MAP (mitogen-activated protein) and other kinases, especially at residues T92 and T95. Here, we show using co-transfection experiments of an early developmental oligodendroglial cell line (N19) that an MBP segment upstream of the primary ligand is involved in MBP–Fyn–SH3 association in cellula. Using solution NMR spectroscopy in vitro, we define this segment to comprise MBP residues (T62–L68), and demonstrate further that residues (V83–P93) are the predominant SH3-target, assessed by the degree of chemical shift change upon titration. We show by chemical shift index analysis that there is no formation of local poly-proline type II structure in the proline-rich segment upon binding, and by NOE (nuclear Overhauser effect) and relaxation measurements that MBP remains dynamic even while complexed with Fyn–SH3. The association is a new example first of a non-canonical SH3-domain interaction and second of a fuzzy MBP complex. MBP interacts with Fyn kinase during oligodendrocyte development and myelination. We show that there is no binding-induced PPII formation in the primary ligand segment, and that a region upstream is required for in vitro interaction.
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40
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Brandes RP, Weissmann N, Schröder K. Nox family NADPH oxidases: Molecular mechanisms of activation. Free Radic Biol Med 2014; 76:208-26. [PMID: 25157786 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 492] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
NADPH oxidases of the Nox family are important enzymatic sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Numerous homologue-specific mechanisms control the activity of this enzyme family involving calcium, free fatty acids, protein-protein interactions, intracellular trafficking, and posttranslational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, or sumoylation. After a brief review on the classic pathways of Nox activation, this article will focus on novel mechanisms of homologue-specific activity control and on cell-specific aspects which govern Nox activity. From these findings of the recent years it must be concluded that the activity control of Nox enzymes is much more complex than anticipated. Moreover, depending on the cellular activity state, Nox enzymes are selectively activated or inactivated. The complex upstream signaling aspects of these events make the development of "intelligent" Nox inhibitors plausible, which selectively attenuate disease-related Nox-mediated ROS formation without altering physiological signaling ROS. This approach might be of relevance for Nox-mediated tissue injury in ischemia-reperfusion and inflammation and also for chronic Nox overactivation as present in cancer initiation and cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf P Brandes
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Norbert Weissmann
- ECCPS, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Member of the DZL, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katrin Schröder
- Institut für Kardiovaskuläre Physiologie, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
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41
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Meijles DN, Fan LM, Howlin BJ, Li JM. Molecular insights of p47phox phosphorylation dynamics in the regulation of NADPH oxidase activation and superoxide production. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:22759-22770. [PMID: 24970888 PMCID: PMC4132782 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.561159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Phagocyte superoxide production by a multicomponent NADPH oxidase is important in host defense against microbial invasion. However inappropriate NADPH oxidase activation causes inflammation. Endothelial cells express NADPH oxidase and endothelial oxidative stress due to prolonged NADPH oxidase activation predisposes many diseases. Discovering the mechanism of NADPH oxidase activation is essential for developing novel treatment of these diseases. The p47phox is a key regulatory subunit of NADPH oxidase; however, due to the lack of full protein structural information, the mechanistic insight of p47phox phosphorylation in NADPH oxidase activation remains incomplete. Based on crystal structures of three functional domains, we generated a computational structural model of the full p47phox protein. Using a combination of in silico phosphorylation, molecular dynamics simulation and protein/protein docking, we discovered that the C-terminal tail of p47phox is critical for stabilizing its autoinhibited structure. Ser-379 phosphorylation disrupts H-bonds that link the C-terminal tail to the autoinhibitory region (AIR) and the tandem Src homology 3 (SH3) domains, allowing the AIR to undergo phosphorylation to expose the SH3 pocket for p22phox binding. These findings were confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis and gene transfection of p47phox−/− coronary microvascular cells. Compared with wild-type p47phox cDNA transfected cells, the single mutation of S379A completely blocked p47phox membrane translocation, binding to p22phox and endothelial O2⨪ production in response to acute stimulation of PKC. p47phox C-terminal tail plays a key role in stabilizing intramolecular interactions at rest. Ser-379 phosphorylation is a molecular switch which initiates p47phox conformational changes and NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production by cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel N Meijles
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom,; Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Lampson M Fan
- John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, United Kingdom, and
| | - Brendan J Howlin
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Jian-Mei Li
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom,.
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42
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Mu Y, Cai P, Hu S, Ma S, Gao Y. Characterization of diverse internal binding specificities of PDZ domains by yeast two-hybrid screening of a special peptide library. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88286. [PMID: 24505465 PMCID: PMC3913781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are essential events to play important roles in a series of biological processes. There are probably more ways of PPIs than we currently realized. Structural and functional investigations of weak PPIs have lagged behind those of strong PPIs due to technical difficulties. Weak PPIs are often short-lived, which may result in more dynamic signals with important biological roles within and/or between cells. For example, the characteristics of PSD-95/Dlg/ZO-1 (PDZ) domain binding to internal sequences, which are primarily weak interactions, have not yet been systematically explored. In the present study, we constructed a nearly random octapeptide yeast two-hybrid library. A total of 24 PDZ domains were used as baits for screening the library. Fourteen of these domains were able to bind internal PDZ-domain binding motifs (PBMs), and PBMs screened for nine PDZ domains exhibited strong preferences. Among 11 PDZ domains that have not been reported their internal PBM binding ability, six were confirmed to bind internal PBMs. The first PDZ domain of LNX2, which has not been reported to bind C-terminal PBMs, was found to bind internal PBMs. These results suggest that the internal PBMs binding ability of PDZ domains may have been underestimated. The data provided diverse internal binding properties for several PDZ domains that may help identify their novel binding partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Mu
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Pengfei Cai
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Siqi Hu
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Sucan Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Youhe Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, P.R. China
- * E-mail:
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Yamamoto A, Takeya R, Matsumoto M, Nakayama KI, Sumimoto H. Phosphorylation of Noxo1 at threonine 341 regulates its interaction with Noxa1 and the superoxide-producing activity of Nox1. FEBS J 2013; 280:5145-59. [PMID: 23957209 DOI: 10.1111/febs.12489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Superoxide production by Nox1, a member of the Nox family NAPDH oxidases, requires expression of its regulatory soluble proteins Noxo1 (Nox organizer 1) and Noxa1 (Nox activator 1) and is markedly enhanced upon cell stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a potent activator of protein kinase C (PKC). The mechanism underlying PMA-induced enhancement of Nox1 activity, however, remains to be elucidated. Here we show that, in response to PMA, Noxo1 undergoes phosphorylation at multiple sites, which is inhibited by the PKC inhibitor GF109203X. Among them, Thr341 in Noxo1 is directly phosphorylated by PKC in vitro, and alanine substitution for this residue reduces not only PMA-induced Noxo1 phosphorylation but also PMA-dependent enhancement of Nox1-catalyzed superoxide production. Phosphorylation of Thr341 allows Noxo1 to sufficiently interact with Noxa1, an interaction that participates in Nox1 activation. Thus phosphorylation of Noxo1 at Thr341 appears to play a crucial role in PMA-elicited activation of Nox1, providing a molecular link between PKC-mediated signal transduction and Nox1-catalyzed superoxide production. Furthermore, Ser154 in Noxo1 is phosphorylated in both resting and PMA-stimulated cells, and the phosphorylation probably participates in a PMA-independent constitutive activity of Nox1. Ser154 may also be involved in protein kinase A (PKA) mediated regulation of Nox1; this serine is the major residue that is phosphorylated by PKA in vitro. Thus phosphorylation of Noxo1 at Thr341 and at Ser154 appears to regulate Nox1 activity in different manners. STRUCTURED DIGITAL ABSTRACT Noxo1 binds to p22phox by pull down (1, 2, 3) Noxo1 binds to Noxo1 by pull down (View interaction) Noxa1 binds to Noxo1 by pull down (1, 2, 3, 4, 5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Asataro Yamamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka, Japan
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44
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Lipid binding by the Unique and SH3 domains of c-Src suggests a new regulatory mechanism. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1295. [PMID: 23416516 PMCID: PMC3575015 DOI: 10.1038/srep01295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
c-Src is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase involved in numerous signal transduction pathways. The kinase, SH3 and SH2 domains of c-Src are attached to the membrane-anchoring SH4 domain through the flexible Unique domain. Here we show intra- and intermolecular interactions involving the Unique and SH3 domains suggesting the presence of a previously unrecognized additional regulation layer in c-Src. We have characterized lipid binding by the Unique and SH3 domains, their intramolecular interaction and its allosteric modulation by a SH3-binding peptide or by Calcium-loaded calmodulin binding to the Unique domain. We also show reduced lipid binding following phosphorylation at conserved sites of the Unique domain. Finally, we show that injection of full-length c-Src with mutations that abolish lipid binding by the Unique domain causes a strong in vivo phenotype distinct from that of wild-type c-Src in a Xenopus oocyte model system, confirming the functional role of the Unique domain in c-Src regulation.
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45
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Katyal P, Puthenveetil R, Vinogradova O. Structural insights into the recognition of β3 integrin cytoplasmic tail by the SH3 domain of Src kinase. Protein Sci 2013; 22:1358-65. [PMID: 23913837 DOI: 10.1002/pro.2323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Src kinase plays an important role in integrin signaling by regulating cytoskeletal organization and cell remodeling. Previous in vivo studies have revealed that the SH3 domain of c-Src kinase directly associates with the C-terminus of β3 integrin cytoplasmic tail. Here, we explore this binding interface with a combination of different spectroscopic and computational methods. Chemical shift mapping, PRE, transferred NOE and CD data were used to obtain a docked model of the complex. This model suggests a different binding mode from the one proposed through previous studies wherein, the C-terminal end of β3 spans the region in between the RT and n-Src loops of SH3 domain. Furthermore, we show that tyrosine phosphorylation of β3 prevents this interaction, supporting the notion of a constitutive interaction between β3 integrin and Src kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Katyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut
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46
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Lian LY. NMR studies of weak protein-protein interactions. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 71:59-72. [PMID: 23611315 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2012.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yun Lian
- NMR Centre for Structural Biology, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK.
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47
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ATP mediates NADPH oxidase/ROS generation and COX-2/PGE2 expression in A549 cells: role of P2 receptor-dependent STAT3 activation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54125. [PMID: 23326583 PMCID: PMC3543320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up-regulation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and its metabolite prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) are frequently implicated in lung inflammation. Extracellular nucleotides, such as ATP have been shown to act via activation of P2 purinoceptors, leading to COX-2 expression in various inflammatory diseases, such as lung inflammation. However, the mechanisms underlying ATP-induced COX-2 expression and PGE(2) release remain unclear. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here, we showed that ATPγS induced COX-2 expression in A549 cells revealed by western blot and real-time PCR. Pretreatment with the inhibitors of P2 receptor (PPADS and suramin), PKC (Gö6983, Gö6976, Ro318220, and Rottlerin), ROS (Edaravone), NADPH oxidase [diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI) and apocynin], Jak2 (AG490), and STAT3 [cucurbitacin E (CBE)] and transfection with siRNAs of PKCα, PKCι, PKCμ, p47(phox), Jak2, STAT3, and cPLA(2) markedly reduced ATPγS-induced COX-2 expression and PGE(2) production. In addition, pretreatment with the inhibitors of P2 receptor attenuated PKCs translocation from the cytosol to the membrane in response to ATPγS. Moreover, ATPγS-induced ROS generation and p47(phox) translocation was also reduced by pretreatment with the inhibitors of P2 receptor, PKC, and NADPH oxidase. On the other hand, ATPγS stimulated Jak2 and STAT3 activation which were inhibited by pretreatment with PPADS, suramin, Gö6983, Gö6976, Ro318220, GF109203X, Rottlerin, Edaravone, DPI, and apocynin in A549 cells. SIGNIFICANCE Taken together, these results showed that ATPγS induced COX-2 expression and PGE(2) production via a P2 receptor/PKC/NADPH oxidase/ROS/Jak2/STAT3/cPLA(2) signaling pathway in A549 cells. Increased understanding of signal transduction mechanisms underlying COX-2 gene regulation will create opportunities for the development of anti-inflammation therapeutic strategies.
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48
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Sareila O, Jaakkola N, Olofsson P, Kelkka T, Holmdahl R. Identification of a region in p47phox/NCF1 crucial for phagocytic NADPH oxidase (NOX2) activation. J Leukoc Biol 2012; 93:427-35. [PMID: 23271700 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1211588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A point mutation in the mouse Ncf1(m1J) gene decreases production of ROS by the phagocytic NOX2 complex. Three mRNA splice variants are expressed, but only one is expressed as a protein, although at lower levels than the WT NCF1 (also known as p47phox). Our aim was to investigate whether the mutant p47phox, lacking 8 aa, is active, but as a result of its low expression, ROS production is decreased in Ncf1(m1J) mice, or whether the mutant p47phox completely lacks the capability to activate the NOX2 complex. The p47phox mutant (Δ228-235), which was equal to the protein in Ncf1(m1J) mice, failed to activate the NOX2 complex. When the deleted region was narrowed down to 2 aa, the p47phox protein remained inactive and failed to translocate to the membrane upon activation. Single amino acid substitutions revealed Thr233 to be vital for ROS production. Residues Tyr231 and Val232 also seemed to be important for p47phox function, as p47phox_Y231G and p47phox_V232G resulted in a >50% decrease in ROS production by the NOX2 complex. In addition, we identified the epitope of the D-10 anti-p47phox mAb. In conclusion, the p47phox protein variant expressed in Ncf1(m1J) mice is completely defective in activating the NOX2 complex to produce ROS, and the effect is dependent on SH3 region amino acids at positions 231-233, which are vital for the proper assembly of the NOX2 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Outi Sareila
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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49
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Abstract
The integrin β3-mediated c-Src priming and activation, via the SH3 domain, is consistently associated with diseases, such as the formation of thrombosis and the migration of tumor cells. Conventionally, activation of c-Src is often induced by the binding of proline-rich sequences to its SH3 domain. Instead, integrin β3 uses R(760)GT(762) for priming and activation. Because of the lack of structural information, it is not clear where RGT will bind to SH3, and under what mechanism this interaction can prime/activate c-Src. In this study, we present a 2.0-Å x-ray crystal structure in which SH3 is complexed with the RGT peptide. The binding site lies in the "N"-Src loop of the SH3 domain. Structure-based site-directed mutagenesis showed that perturbation on the "N"-Src loop disrupts the interaction between the SH3 domain and the RGT peptide. Furthermore, the simulated c-Src:β3 complex based on the crystal structure of SH3:RGT suggests that the binding of the RGT peptide might disrupt the intramolecular interaction between the SH3 and linker domains, leading to the disengagement of Trp260:"C"-helix and further activation of c-Src.
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50
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Aitio O, Hellman M, Skehan B, Kesti T, Leong JM, Saksela K, Permi P. Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli exploits a tryptophan switch to hijack host f-actin assembly. Structure 2012; 20:1692-703. [PMID: 22921828 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2012.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Revised: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered protein (IDP)-mediated interactions are often characterized by low affinity but high specificity. These traits are essential in signaling and regulation that require reversibility. Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) exploit this situation by commandeering host cytoskeletal signaling to stimulate actin assembly beneath bound bacteria, generating "pedestals" that promote intestinal colonization. EHEC translocates two proteins, EspF(U) and Tir, which form a complex with the host protein IRTKS. The interaction of this complex with N-WASP triggers localized actin polymerization. We show that EspF(U) is an IDP that contains a transiently α-helical N-terminus and dynamic C-terminus. Our structure shows that single EspF(U) repeat forms a high-affinity trimolecular complex with N-WASP and IRTKS. We demonstrate that bacterial and cellular ligands interact with IRTKS SH3 in a similar fashion, but the bacterial protein has evolved to outcompete cellular targets by utilizing a tryptophan switch that offers superior binding affinity enabling EHEC-induced pedestal formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli Aitio
- Program in Structural Biology and Biophysics, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
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