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Gül S, Gül M, Otlu B, Erdemli ME, Gözükara Bağ HG. High Carbohydrate, Fat, and Protein Diets Have a Critical Role in Folliculogenesis and Oocyte Development in Rats. Reprod Sci 2024:10.1007/s43032-024-01629-1. [PMID: 38937400 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01629-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
To date, there is no comparative data on the effects of carbohydrates, fat, and proteins, which are macronutrients, on female reproductive functions. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of diets enriched with carbohydrates, fats, and proteins on folliculogenesis and oocyte development in female rats. 21-day-old rats that were just weaned were divided into 4 groups: control, carbohydrate, fat, and protein. The control group was fed with standard chow and the carbohydrate, fat, and protein groups were fed diets enriched with 75% carbohydrate, 60% fat, and 50% protein for 11 weeks, respectively. It was found that high-fat and high-protein diets caused an increase in the estrous cycle length compared to carbohydrate group (p < 0.05). Graafian follicle number decreased in the protein group compared to the control (p < 0.05). However, the atretic follicle number was higher in the fat group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In the carbohydrate group, Zp1 was found to be lower than the control and protein groups, Zp2 was found to be lower than the control, and Zp3 was found to be lower than the fat group (p < 0.05). While BMP15 was similar between groups (p > 0.05), GDF9 was lower in all diet groups compared to the control (p < 0.05). Foxo3a was lower in the protein group compared to carbohydrate and control (p < 0.05). GAS2 was found to be higher in the control group than the fat group, and higher in the carbohydrate group than the fat and protein groups (p < 0.05). FSH, LH, Progesterone, and E2 levels were higher in all three diet groups than in the control (p < 0.05). Also, significant differences were observed between the groups regarding adiponectin, resistin, and leptin levels. Taken together, high carbohydrate, fat, and protein intake are associated with impairment of the menstrual cycle, depletion of the developing follicle types, and altered expression of folliculogenesis-specific genes and hormones. Therefore, long-term macronutrient diets may result in shortened reproductive periods and reduced fertilization potential in females in the long run.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semir Gül
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Tokat Gaziosmanpaşa University, Tokat, Turkey.
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Gül
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Barış Otlu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Erman Erdemli
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Harika Gözde Gözükara Bağ
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, İnönü University, Malatya, Turkey
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Li J, Mascarinas P, McGlinn E. The expanding roles of Nr6a1 in development and evolution. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 12:1357968. [PMID: 38440075 PMCID: PMC10909835 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2024.1357968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The Nuclear Receptor (NR) family of transcriptional regulators possess the ability to sense signalling molecules and directly couple that to a transcriptional response. While this large class of proteins are united by sequence and structural homology, individual NR functional output varies greatly depending on their expression, ligand selectivity and DNA binding sequence specificity. Many NRs have remained somewhat enigmatic, with the absence of a defined ligand categorising them as orphan nuclear receptors. One example is Nuclear Receptor subfamily 6 group A member 1 (Nr6a1), an orphan nuclear receptor that has no close evolutionary homologs and thus is alone in subfamily 6. Nonetheless, Nr6a1 has emerged as an important player in the regulation of key pluripotency and developmental genes, as functionally critical for mid-gestational developmental progression and as a possible molecular target for driving evolutionary change in animal body plan. Here, we review the current knowledge on this enigmatic nuclear receptor and how it impacts development and evolution.
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Wang M, Yang Y, Xu Y. Brain nuclear receptors and cardiovascular function. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:14. [PMID: 36670468 PMCID: PMC9854230 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00962-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-heart interaction has raised up increasing attentions. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are abundantly expressed in the brain, and emerging evidence indicates that a number of these brain NRs regulate multiple aspects of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), including hypertension, heart failure, atherosclerosis, etc. In this review, we will elaborate recent findings that have established the physiological relevance of brain NRs in the context of cardiovascular function. In addition, we will discuss the currently available evidence regarding the distinct neuronal populations that respond to brain NRs in the cardiovascular control. These findings suggest connections between cardiac control and brain dynamics through NR signaling, which may lead to novel tools for the treatment of pathological changes in the CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Wang
- grid.508989.50000 0004 6410 7501Department of Pediatrics, USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Yongjie Yang
- grid.508989.50000 0004 6410 7501Department of Pediatrics, USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Yong Xu
- grid.508989.50000 0004 6410 7501Department of Pediatrics, USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA ,grid.39382.330000 0001 2160 926XDepartment of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
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Pregnancy Toxemia in Ewes: A Review of Molecular Metabolic Mechanisms and Management Strategies. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020149. [PMID: 36837768 PMCID: PMC9961611 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy toxemia is a nutritional metabolic disease during late gestation in small ruminants. The condition is characterized by disorders in carbohydrate and fat metabolism. Obese and multiparous ewes are particularly susceptible to pregnancy toxemia, which may lead to maternal death, abortion, or premature birth. Highly productive multiparous meat ewes are major breeding animals, which has led to an increased incidence of the disease. However, the pathogenesis of pregnancy toxemia remains unclear and adequate disease prevention and treatment strategies are absent. Investigating the pathogenesis of pregnancy toxemia, especially the metabolic pathways of hepatic lipids, is key to an improved understanding of the condition. This review provides a snapshot of the genes that are associated with lipid metabolism in the ovine liver, including genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, acetyl coenzyme metabolism, and triglyceride synthesis; describes the interrelationships between these genes; and summarizes the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of pregnancy toxemia.
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Sun P, Wang H, Liu L, Guo K, Li X, Cao Y, Ko C, Lan ZJ, Lei Z. Aberrant activation of KRAS in mouse theca-interstitial cells results in female infertility. Front Physiol 2022; 13:991719. [PMID: 36060690 PMCID: PMC9437434 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.991719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
KRAS plays critical roles in regulating a range of normal cellular events as well as pathological processes in many tissues mediated through a variety of signaling pathways, including ERK1/2 and AKT signaling, in a cell-, context- and development-dependent manner. The in vivo function of KRAS and its downstream targets in gonadal steroidogenic cells for the development and homeostasis of reproductive functions remain to be determined. To understand the functions of KRAS signaling in gonadal theca and interstitial cells, we generated a Kras mutant (tKrasMT) mouse line that selectively expressed a constitutively active KrasG12D in these cells. KrasG12D expression in ovarian theca cells did not block follicle development to the preovulatory stage. However, tKrasMT females failed to ovulate and thus were infertile. The phosphorylated ERK1/2 and forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) and total FOXO1 protein levels were markedly reduced in tKrasMT theca cells. KrasG12D expression in theca cells also curtailed the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and altered the expression of several ovulation-related genes in gonadotropin-primed granulosa cells. To uncover downstream targets of KRAS/FOXO1 signaling in theca cells, we found that the expression of bone morphogenic protein 7 (Bmp7), a theca-specific factor involved in ovulation, was significantly elevated in tKrasMT theca cells. Chromosome immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that FOXO1 interacted with the Bmp7 promoter containing forkhead response elements and that the binding activity was attenuated in tKrasMT theca cells. Moreover, Foxo1 knockdown caused an elevation, whereas Foxo1 overexpression resulted in an inhibition of Bmp7 expression, suggesting that KRAS signaling regulates FOXO1 protein levels to control Bmp7 expression in theca cells. Thus, the anovulation phenotype observed in tKrasMT mice may be attributed to aberrant KRAS/FOXO1/BMP7 signaling in theca cells. Our work provides the first in vivo evidence that maintaining normal KRAS activity in ovarian theca cells is crucial for ovulation and female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghao Sun
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Zhenmin Lei, ; Hongliang Wang,
| | - Lingyun Liu
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Kaimin Guo
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of OB/GYN, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Yin Cao
- Department of Andrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chemyong Ko
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Zi-Jian Lan
- Birth Defects Center, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Zhenmin Lei
- Department of OB/GYN, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, United States
- *Correspondence: Zhenmin Lei, ; Hongliang Wang,
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Robichaux MA, Nguyen V, Chan F, Kailasam L, He F, Wilson JH, Wensel TG. Subcellular localization of mutant P23H rhodopsin in an RFP fusion knock-in mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:274688. [PMID: 35275162 PMCID: PMC9092655 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The P23H mutation in rhodopsin (Rho), the rod visual pigment, is the most common allele associated with autosomal-dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP). The fate of misfolded mutant Rho in rod photoreceptors has yet to be elucidated. We generated a new mouse model, in which the P23H-Rho mutant allele is fused to the fluorescent protein Tag-RFP-T (P23HhRhoRFP). In heterozygotes, outer segments formed, and wild-type (WT) rhodopsin was properly localized, but mutant P23H-Rho protein was mislocalized in the inner segments. Heterozygotes exhibited slowly progressing retinal degeneration. Mislocalized P23HhRhoRFP was contained in greatly expanded endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes. Quantification of mRNA for markers of ER stress and the unfolded protein response revealed little or no increases. mRNA levels for both the mutant human rhodopsin allele and the WT mouse rhodopsin were reduced, but protein levels revealed selective degradation of the mutant protein. These results suggest that the mutant rods undergo an adaptative process that prolongs survival despite unfolded protein accumulation in the ER. The P23H-Rho-RFP mouse may represent a useful tool for the future study of the pathology and treatment of P23H-Rho and adRP. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper. Summary: A mouse line with a knock-in of the human rhodopsin gene altered to contain the P23H mutation and a red fluorescent protein fusion provides a new model for autosomal-dominant retinitis pigmentosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Robichaux
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Departments of Ophthalmology and Biochemistry, West Virginia University, 108 Biomedical Road, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
| | - Vy Nguyen
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fung Chan
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lavanya Kailasam
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Feng He
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John H Wilson
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Theodore G Wensel
- Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, 1 Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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7
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Hong L, Chen X, Zhu M, Ao Z, Tang W, Zhou Z. TIMP1 may affect goat prolificacy by regulating biological function of granulosa cells. Arch Anim Breed 2022; 65:105-111. [PMID: 35320991 PMCID: PMC8935209 DOI: 10.5194/aab-65-105-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1) is associated with
animal reproductive processes, such as follicular growth, ovulation,
luteinization, and embryo development in mammals. The purposes of this study
were to explore the expression and localization of TIMP1 in the ovarian
tissues and determine the effect of TIMP1 on the function of granulosa cells
and the association of TIMP1 with lambing-related genes of the goats.
Immunohistochemical analysis showed that TIMP1 protein was strongly
expressed by granulosa cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results showed that TIMP1 overexpression
promoted the secretion of estradiol of granulosa cells after 12, 24, and
48 h of transfection. Moreover, in vitro experiments indicated that TIMP1
had the ability to promote the cell proliferation and elevate the
transcriptional levels of four genes associated with goat prolificacy,
including BMPR-1B, BMP15, GDF9, and FSHB, in granulosa cells. In conclusion,
TIMP1 could be an important molecule in regulating reproductive performance
of the goats by affecting estrogen secretion and cell proliferation, as well as the
expression of lambing-related genes of granulosa cells in the goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Hong
- Key Laboratory of Plateau Mountain Animal Genetics, Breeding and
Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025,
China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Guizhou
province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plateau Mountain Animal Genetics, Breeding and
Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025,
China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Guizhou
province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Plateau Mountain Animal Genetics, Breeding and
Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025,
China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Guizhou
province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zheng Ao
- Key Laboratory of Plateau Mountain Animal Genetics, Breeding and
Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025,
China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Guizhou
province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wen Tang
- Key Laboratory of Plateau Mountain Animal Genetics, Breeding and
Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025,
China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Guizhou
province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhinan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Plateau Mountain Animal Genetics, Breeding and
Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025,
China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Guizhou
province, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Tan P, Xue T, Wang Y, Hu Z, Su J, Yang R, Ji J, Ye M, Chen Z, Huang C, Lu X. Hippocampal NR6A1 impairs CREB-BDNF signaling and leads to the development of depression-like behaviors in mice. Neuropharmacology 2022; 209:108990. [PMID: 35183538 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2022.108990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic stress exposure is a risk factor that can induce the development of depression-like behaviors by impairing the hippocampal cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element binding protein (CREB)-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signaling, but its underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. We identified an orphan receptor that can suppress the activity of CREB, nuclear receptor sub-family 6, group A, member 1 (NR6A1), in mouse brain neurons. Given the critical role of the impaired CREB-BDNF signaling in depression, we speculate that the neuronal NR6A1 may mediate the pathogenesis of depression. Results showed that chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) markedly increased the expression levels of hippocampal NR6A1 protein, which reduced hippocampal CREB phosphorylation and BDNF protein expression. Overexpression of hippocampal NR6A1 in stress-naïve mice simulated chronic stress, inducing depression-like behaviors in the tail suspension test, forced swimming test, and sucrose preference test, and impairing the hippocampal CREB-BDNF signaling cascade. Genetic knockdown of hippocampal NR6A1 did not affect mouse behaviors but prevented the CUS-induced depression-like behaviors in mice and impairment in hippocampal CREB-BDNF signaling. Furthermore, genetic knockdown of hippocampal CREB or BDNF abrogated the preventive effect of hippocampal NR6A1 down-regulation on CUS-induced depression-like behaviors in mice. Collectively, these results for the first time identified a nuclear expression of NR6A1 in mouse brain neurons, and showed that the abnormally increased NR6A1 protein in the hippocampus in mice treated with or without chronic stress can impair the CREB-BDNF signaling cascade and lead to the development of depression-like behaviors. Hippocampal NR6A1 could be a novel target for the development of antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Xue
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhichao Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianbin Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, First People's Hospital of Nantong City, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongrong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Jiangsu Province, #20 Xisi Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianlin Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Minxiu Ye
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Invasive Technology Department, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, First People's Hospital of Nantong City, #6 North Road Hai'er Xiang, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong, 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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Weaver LN, Drummond-Barbosa D. Hormone receptor 4 is required in muscles and distinct ovarian cell types to regulate specific steps of Drosophila oogenesis. Development 2021; 148:dev.198663. [PMID: 33547134 DOI: 10.1242/dev.198663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The conserved nuclear receptor superfamily has crucial roles in many processes, including reproduction. Nuclear receptors with known roles in oogenesis have been studied mostly in the context of their ovary-intrinsic requirement. Recent studies in Drosophila, however, have begun to reveal new roles of nuclear receptor signaling in peripheral tissues in controlling reproduction. Here, we identified Hormone receptor 4 (Hr4) as an oogenesis regulator required in the ovary and muscles. Global Hr4 knockdown leads to increased germline stem cell (GSC) loss, reduced GSC proliferation, early germline cyst death, slowed follicle growth and vitellogenic follicle degeneration. Tissue-specific knockdown experiments uncovered ovary-intrinsic and peripheral tissue requirements for Hr4 In the ovary, Hr4 is required in the niche for GSC proliferation and in the germline for GSC maintenance. Hr4 functions in muscles to promote GSC maintenance and follicle growth. The specific tissues that require Hr4 for survival of early germline cysts and vitellogenic follicles remain unidentified. These results add to the few examples of muscles controlling gametogenesis and expand our understanding of the complexity of nuclear receptor regulation of various aspects of oogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley N Weaver
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Daniela Drummond-Barbosa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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10
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Hughes CHK, Murphy BD. Nuclear receptors: Key regulators of somatic cell functions in the ovulatory process. Mol Aspects Med 2020; 78:100937. [PMID: 33288229 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2020.100937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The development of the ovarian follicle to its culmination by ovulation is an essential element of fertility. The final stages of ovarian follicular growth are characterized by granulosa cell proliferation and differentiation, and steroid synthesis under the influence of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The result is a population of granulosa cells poised to respond to the ovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone (LH). Members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors play indispensable roles in the regulation of these events. The key regulators of the final stages of follicular growth that precede ovulation from this family include the estrogen receptor beta (ESR2) and the androgen receptor (AR), with additional roles for others, including steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) and liver receptor homolog-1 (LRH-1). Following the LH surge, the mural and cumulus granulosa cells undergo rapid changes that result in expansion of the cumulus layer, and a shift in ovarian steroid hormone biosynthesis from estradiol to progesterone production. The nuclear receptor best associated with these events is LRH-1. Inadequate cumulus expansion is also observed in the absence of AR and ESR2, but not the progesterone receptor (PGR). The terminal stages of ovulation are regulated by PGR, which increases the abundance of the proteases that are directly responsible for rupture. It further regulates the prostaglandins and cytokines associated with the inflammatory-like characteristics of ovulation. LRH-1 regulates PGR, and is also a key regulator of steroidogenesis, cellular proliferation, and cellular migration, and cytoskeletal remodeling. In summary, nuclear receptors are among the panoply of transcriptional regulators with roles in ovulation, and several are necessary for normal ovarian function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla H K Hughes
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Qc, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Bruce D Murphy
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction et Fertilité, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Qc, J2S 2M2, Canada.
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Li L, Feng F, Zhao M, Li T, Yue W, Ma X, Wang B, Yin C. NOTCH2 variant D1853H is mutated in two non-syndromic premature ovarian insufficiency patients from a Chinese pedigree. J Ovarian Res 2020; 13:41. [PMID: 32312275 PMCID: PMC7171760 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-020-00645-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a severe disorder of female infertility, characterized by 4–6 months of amenorrhea before the age of 40 years, with elevated follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels (> 25 IU/L). Although several genes have been reported to contribute to the genetic basis of POI, the molecular mechanism of POI remains unclear. Methods Whole-exome sequencing (WES) was performed. Sanger sequencing was carried out to validate the variant in the proband and her mother. In silico algorithms were used to analyze the mutational effect of the variant. Protein 3D structural modeling was used for predicting mutated protein structures. Vector construction and plasmids transfection were performed, and subsequently RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was carried out in each group to dissect the differentially expressed genes in wild-type (WT) and D1853H NOTCH2 mutant expressing groups. Gene Ontology analysis was also used to analyze the enriched biological processes or pathways among the differentially expressed genes. Results We report two non-syndromic POI patients from a Chinese pedigree. The FSH level of the proband (the daughter) was 46 IU/L at the age of 22. Her menarche was at the age of 12, but she was amenorrhea at the age of 20. By WES, a rare heterozygous variant (c.5557G > C;p.D1853H) in the NOTCH2 gene was identified. In silico analysis suggested that p.D1853H was a pathogenic allele. Protein 3D structural modeling suggested that D1853H may enhance or weaken the electrostatic surface potential. By molecular analysis, we found that cells expressing the D1853H NOTCH2 mutant had similar effect in activating the NOTCH signaling pathway downstream target genes. However, 106 protein-coding genes were differentially expressed between D1853H expressing cells and WT NOTCH2 expressing cells, and these genes were enriched for collagen degradation, NCAM1 interactions and HDACs deacetylate histones, revealing a unknown underlying mechanism of the pathology that leads to POI. Conclusions We conclude that the rare heterozygous variant in NOTCH2 may be associated with POI. This finding provides researchers and clinicians with a better understanding of the etiology, molecular mechanism and genetic consulting of POI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Fan Feng
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Haidian, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Minying Zhao
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, the First Hospital of Shijiazhuang, 36 Fanxi Road, Shijiazhuang, 050011, Hebei, China
| | - Tengyan Li
- Center for Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, 12, Dahuisi Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Wentao Yue
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100026, China
| | - Xu Ma
- Center for Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, 12, Dahuisi Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Binbin Wang
- Center for Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, 12, Dahuisi Road, Haidian, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Chenghong Yin
- Central Laboratory, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Chaoyang, Beijing, 100026, China.
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12
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Saleh AA, Hammoud MH, Dabour NA, Hafez EE, Sharaby MA. BMPR-1B, BMP-15 and GDF-9 genes structure and their relationship with litter size in six sheep breeds reared in Egypt. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:215. [PMID: 32299511 PMCID: PMC7160958 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-05047-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of this work was to investigate three different mutations; Fec-B, FecXG, Fec-GH at three candidate genes; Bone morphogenetic protein receptor IB, Bone morphogenetic protein 15 and Growth Differentiation Factor 9, respectively, in six sheep breeds reared in Egypt namely; Rahmani, Barki, Rahmani X Barki cross, Awassi, Awassi X Suffolk cross, and Ossimi and their association with litter size. Results Genomic DNA of 132 sheep was investigated for the Fec-B, FecXG, and Fec-GH mutations by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformation Polymorphism and DNA sequencing. The results revealed that all breeds did not carry Fec-B mutation. On the other side, the mutations of FecXG, and Fec-GH were detected in Rahmani, and Rahmani X Barki cross which is associated with the high twinning rate/litter size of Rahmani (1.28) and Rahmani X Barki cross (1.22). While, the average litter size for other breeds had almost a constant values rate over six parities, ranging between 1.00 and 1.04.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Saleh
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, Beibei, 400716, Chongqing, People's Republic of China. .,Animal and Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Alshatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
| | - M H Hammoud
- Animal and Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Alshatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Nasraa A Dabour
- Dairy Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Alshatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - E E Hafez
- Plant Protection and Bio-molecular diagnosis Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), The City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Sharaby
- Animal and Fish Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture (Alshatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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13
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Lan ZJ, Lei Z, Yiannikouris A, Yerramreddy TR, Li X, Kincaid H, Eastridge K, Gadberry H, Power C, Xiao R, Lei L, Seale O, Dawson K, Power R. Non-peptidyl small molecule, adenosine, 5'-Se-methyl-5'-seleno-, 2',3'-diacetate, activates insulin receptor and attenuates hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic Lepr db/db mice. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:1623-1643. [PMID: 31378829 PMCID: PMC7162833 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03249-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is characterized by reduced or absent insulin receptor (INSR) responsiveness to its ligand, elevated hepatic glucose output and impaired glucose uptake in peripheral tissues, particularly skeletal muscle. Treatments to reduce hyperglycemia and reestablish normal insulin signaling are much sought after. Any agent which could be orally administered to restore INSR function, in an insulin-independent manner, would have major implications for the management of this global disease. We have discovered a non-peptidyl small molecule, adenosine, 5'-Se-methyl-5'-seleno-, 2',3'-diacetate [referred to as non-peptidyl compound #43 (NPC43)], which restores INSR signaling in the complete absence of insulin. Initial screening of numerous compounds in human HepG2 liver cells revealed that NPC43 significantly inhibited glucose production. The compound was potently anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperinsulinemic in vivo, in insulin-resistant T2D Leprdb/db mice, following either acute or chronic treatment by oral gavage and intraperitoneal injection, respectively. The compound acted at the level of INSR and activated it in both liver and skeletal muscle of Leprdb/db mice. In cell culture, the compound activated INSR in both liver and skeletal muscle cells; furthermore, it cooperated with insulin to depress glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6pc) expression and stimulate glucose uptake, respectively. Our results indicated that the compound directly interacted with INSRα, triggering appropriate phosphorylation and activation of the receptor and its downstream targets. Unlike insulin, NPC43 did not activate insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor in either liver or skeletal muscle. We believe this compound represents a potential oral and/or injectable insulin replacement therapy for diabetes and diseases associated with insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jian Lan
- Division of Life Sciences, Alltech, Inc, 3031 Catnip Hill Road, Nicholasville, KY, 40356, USA.
| | - Zhenmin Lei
- Department of OB/GYN, University of Louisville School of Medicine, MDR Building/Room 121, 511 South Floyd St., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | | | | | - Xian Li
- Department of OB/GYN, University of Louisville School of Medicine, MDR Building/Room 121, 511 South Floyd St., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Hayley Kincaid
- Division of Life Sciences, Alltech, Inc, 3031 Catnip Hill Road, Nicholasville, KY, 40356, USA
| | - Katie Eastridge
- Division of Life Sciences, Alltech, Inc, 3031 Catnip Hill Road, Nicholasville, KY, 40356, USA
| | - Hannah Gadberry
- Division of Life Sciences, Alltech, Inc, 3031 Catnip Hill Road, Nicholasville, KY, 40356, USA
| | - Chloe Power
- Division of Life Sciences, Alltech, Inc, 3031 Catnip Hill Road, Nicholasville, KY, 40356, USA
| | - Rijin Xiao
- Division of Life Sciences, Alltech, Inc, 3031 Catnip Hill Road, Nicholasville, KY, 40356, USA
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of OB/GYN, University of Louisville School of Medicine, MDR Building/Room 121, 511 South Floyd St., Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Olivia Seale
- Division of Life Sciences, Alltech, Inc, 3031 Catnip Hill Road, Nicholasville, KY, 40356, USA
| | - Karl Dawson
- Division of Life Sciences, Alltech, Inc, 3031 Catnip Hill Road, Nicholasville, KY, 40356, USA
- Chemistry Department, Alltech, Inc, Nicholasville, KY, 40356, USA
| | - Ronan Power
- Division of Life Sciences, Alltech, Inc, 3031 Catnip Hill Road, Nicholasville, KY, 40356, USA.
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14
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Rossi LF, Nottola S, Miglietta S, Macchiarelli G, Luaces JP, Merico V, Merani S, Garagna S, Zuccotti M. Germ cell cysts, a fetal feature in mammals, are constitutively present in the adult armadillo. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 87:91-101. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Francisco Rossi
- Laboratorio de Biología Cromosómica, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasBuenos Aires Argentina
| | - Stefania Nottola
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and OrthopedicsUniversity of Rome La SapienzaRome Italy
| | - Selenia Miglietta
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and OrthopedicsUniversity of Rome La SapienzaRome Italy
| | - Guido Macchiarelli
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental SciencesUniversity of L'aquilaL'aquila Italy
| | - Juan Pablo Luaces
- Laboratorio de Biología Cromosómica, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasBuenos Aires Argentina
| | - Valeria Merico
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani,”University of PaviaPavia Italy
- Centre for Health TechnologyUniversity of PaviaPavia Italy
| | - Susana Merani
- Laboratorio de Biología Cromosómica, Facultad de MedicinaUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos Aires Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasBuenos Aires Argentina
| | - Silvia Garagna
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani,”University of PaviaPavia Italy
- Centre for Health TechnologyUniversity of PaviaPavia Italy
| | - Maurizio Zuccotti
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “Lazzaro Spallanzani,”University of PaviaPavia Italy
- Centre for Health TechnologyUniversity of PaviaPavia Italy
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15
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Wang Y, Wan X, Hao Y, Zhao Y, Du L, Huang Y, Liu Z, Wang Y, Wang N, Zhang P. NR6A1 regulates lipid metabolism through mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 in HepG2 cells. Cell Commun Signal 2019; 17:77. [PMID: 31315616 PMCID: PMC6637573 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-019-0389-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lipogenesis is required for the optimal growth of many types of cancer cells, it is shown to control the biosynthesis of the lipid bilayer membrane during rapid proliferation and metastasis, provides cancer cells with signaling lipid molecules to support cancer development and make cancer cells more resistant to oxidative stress-induced cell death. Though multiple lipogenic enzymes have been identified to mediate this metabolic change, how the expression of these lipogenic enzymes are transcriptionally regulated remains unclear. Methods Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were conducted to assess the role of transcriptional repressor, nuclear receptor sub-family 6, group A, member 1 (NR6A1) in HepG2 cells. RT-qPCR method was performed to investigate target gene of NR6A1. Western blot was employed to determine the mechanisms by which NR6A1 regulates lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Results We provide evidence that NR6A1 is a novel regulator of lipid metabolism in HepG2 cells. NR6A1 knockdown can increase lipid accumulation as well as insulin-induced proliferation and migration of HepG2 cells. The lipogenic effect correlated well with the expression of lipogenic genes, including fatty acid synthase (FAS), diglyceride acyltransferase-2 (DGAT2), malic enzyme 1 (ME1), microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTTP) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). NR6A1 knockdown also increased the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1a), the rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid oxidation. Furthermore, NR6A1 knockdown induced lipid accumulation through mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), but not mTORC2. Moreover, siRNA-mediated knockdown of NR6A1 increased expression of insulin receptor (INSR) and potentitated insulin-induced phosphorylation of mTOR and AKT partly via miR-205-5p in HepG2 cells. Conclusions These findings provide important new insights into the role of NR6A1 in the lipogenesis in HepG2 cells. Graphical abstract .![]() Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12964-019-0389-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinfang Wang
- Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China. .,Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Xiaohong Wan
- Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China.,Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yilong Hao
- Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Lanlan Du
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yitong Huang
- Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Zongjun Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Florida, 32224, USA
| | - Nanping Wang
- The Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Shanghai Putuo Central School of Clinical Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230001, China. .,Central Laboratory, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China. .,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200062, China.
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16
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Rafati N, Blanco-Aguiar JA, Rubin CJ, Sayyab S, Sabatino SJ, Afonso S, Feng C, Alves PC, Villafuerte R, Ferrand N, Andersson L, Carneiro M. A genomic map of clinal variation across the European rabbit hybrid zone. Mol Ecol 2018; 27:1457-1478. [PMID: 29359877 DOI: 10.1111/mec.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Speciation is a process proceeding from weak to complete reproductive isolation. In this continuum, naturally hybridizing taxa provide a promising avenue for revealing the genetic changes associated with the incipient stages of speciation. To identify such changes between two subspecies of rabbits that display partial reproductive isolation, we studied patterns of allele frequency change across their hybrid zone using whole-genome sequencing. To connect levels and patterns of genetic differentiation with phenotypic manifestations of subfertility in hybrid rabbits, we further investigated patterns of gene expression in testis. Geographic cline analysis revealed 253 regions characterized by steep changes in allele frequency across their natural region of contact. This catalog of regions is likely to be enriched for loci implicated in reproductive barriers and yielded several insights into the evolution of hybrid dysfunction in rabbits: (i) incomplete reproductive isolation is likely governed by the effects of many loci, (ii) protein-protein interaction analysis suggest that genes within these loci interact more than expected by chance, (iii) regulatory variation is likely the primary driver of incompatibilities, and (iv) large chromosomal rearrangements appear not to be a major mechanism underlying incompatibilities or promoting isolation in the face of gene flow. We detected extensive misregulation of gene expression in testis of hybrid males, but not a statistical overrepresentation of differentially expressed genes in candidate regions. Our results also did not support an X chromosome-wide disruption of expression as observed in mice and cats, suggesting variation in the mechanistic basis of hybrid male reduced fertility among mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Rafati
- Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - José A Blanco-Aguiar
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.,Instituto de Investigacion en Recursos Cinegéticos (IREC-CSIC-UCLM-JCCM), Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Carl J Rubin
- Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Shumaila Sayyab
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,Research Center for Modeling and Simulation, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Stephen J Sabatino
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Sandra Afonso
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Chungang Feng
- Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paulo C Alves
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Nuno Ferrand
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Johannesburg, Auckland, South Africa
| | - Leif Andersson
- Science for Life Laboratory Uppsala, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Miguel Carneiro
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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17
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Ahmad HI, Ahmad MJ, Adeel MM, Asif AR, Du X. Positive selection drives the evolution of endocrine regulatory bone morphogenetic protein system in mammals. Oncotarget 2018; 9:18435-18445. [PMID: 29719616 PMCID: PMC5915083 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid evolution of reproductive proteins might be driven by positive Darwinian selection. The bone morphogenetic protein family is the largest within the transforming growth factor (TGF) superfamily. A little have been known about the molecular evolution of bone morphogenetic proteins exhibiting potential role in mammalian reproduction. In this study we investigated mammalian bone morphogenetic proteins using maximum likelihood approaches of codon substitutions to identify positive Darwinian selection in various species. The proportion of positively selected sites was tested by different likelihood models for individual codon, and M8 were found to be the best model. The percentage of positively elected sites under M8 are 2.20% with ω = 1.089 for BMP2, 1.6% with ω = 1.61 for BMP 4 0.53% for BMP15 with ω = 1.56 and 0.78% for GDF9 with ω = 1.93. The percentage of estimated selection sites under M8 is strong statistical confirmation that divergence of bone morphogenetic proteins is driven by Darwinian selection. For the proteins, model M8 was found significant for all proteins with ω > 1. To further test positive selection on particular amino acids, the evolutionary conservation of amino acid were measured based on phylogenetic linkage among sequences. For exploring the impact of these somatic substitution mutations in the selection region on human cancer, we identified one pathogenic mutation in human BMP4 and one in BMP15, possibly causing prostate cancer and six neutral mutations in BMPs. The comprehensive map of selection results allows the researchers to perform systematic approaches to detect the evolutionary footprints of selection on specific gene in specific species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Muhammad Jamil Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Muhammad Muzammal Adeel
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
| | - Akhtar Rasool Asif
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Sub Campus Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Xiaoyong Du
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, College of Informatics, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, P.R. China
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18
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Mahesh YU, Gibence HRW, Shivaji S, Rao BS. Effect of different cryo-devices on in vitro maturation and development of vitrified-warmed immature buffalo oocytes. Cryobiology 2017; 75:106-116. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Lan ZJ, Krause MS, Redding SD, Li X, Wu GZ, Zhou HX, Bohler HC, Ko C, Cooney AJ, Zhou J, Lei ZM. Selective deletion of Pten in theca-interstitial cells leads to androgen excess and ovarian dysfunction in mice. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 444:26-37. [PMID: 28137614 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Theca cell-selective Pten mutation (tPtenMT) in mice resulted in increases in PDK1 and Akt phosphorylation, indicating an over-activation of PI3K signaling in the ovaries. These mice displayed elevated androgen levels, ovary enlargement, antral follicle accumulation, early fertility loss and increased expression of Lhcgr and genes that are crucial to androgenesis. These abnormalities were partially reversed by treatments of PI3K or Akt inhibitor. LH actions in Pten deficient theca cells were potentiated. The phosphorylation of Foxo1 was increased, while the binding of Foxo1 to forkhead response elements in the Lhcgr promoter was reduced in tPtenMT theca cells, implying a mechanism by which PI3K/Akt-induced upregulation of Lhcgr in theca cells might be mediated by reducing the inhibitory effect of Foxo1 on the Lhcgr promoter. The phenotype of tPtenMT females is reminiscent of human PCOS and suggests that dysregulated PI3K cascade in theca cells may be involved in certain types of PCOS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jian Lan
- Division of Life Sciences and Center for Animal Nutrigenomics & Applied Animal Nutrition, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY 40356, USA
| | - M S Krause
- Department of OB/GYN & Women's Health, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - S D Redding
- Department of OB/GYN & Women's Health, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - X Li
- Department of OB/GYN & Women's Health, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - G Z Wu
- Department of OB/GYN & Women's Health, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - H X Zhou
- Birth Defects Center, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Craniofacial Biology, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - H C Bohler
- Department of OB/GYN & Women's Health, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - C Ko
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - A J Cooney
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas at Austin Dell Medical School, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Junmei Zhou
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Children's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Z M Lei
- Department of OB/GYN & Women's Health, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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20
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Kim DH, Lee HR, Kim MG, Lee JS, Jin SJ, Lee HT. The effect of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation inhibition on the porcine cumulus-oocyte complex during in vitro maturation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 483:752-758. [PMID: 27965086 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) plays important roles in DNA repair, apoptosis, transcriptional regulation, and cell death, and occurs via the activity of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs). Previous studies have shown that PARylation affects mouse and porcine pre-implantation development and participates in mechanisms of autophagy. However, there have not yet been reported the role of PARylation during in vitro maturation (IVM) of porcine oocytes. Thus, we investigated the effect of PARylation inhibition on this process; cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were cultured with 3-aminobenzamide (3-ABA, PARP inhibitor) during porcine IVM. Full cumulus expansion was significantly reduced (10.34 ± 1.23 [3-ABA] vs. 48.17 ± 2.03% [control]), but nuclear maturation rates were not changed in the 3-ABA treatment group. Especially, we observed that cumulus cells were little expanded after 22 h in 3-ABA treated COCs. The mRNA expression levels of oocyte maturation- and cumulus expansion-related genes were evaluated at 22 and 44 h. GDF9, BMP15, COX-2, and PTX3 expression were upregulated at 44 h, whereas the levels of HAS2 and TNFAIP6 were downregulated in the 3-ABA treated group. Furthermore, 3-ABA treatment significantly decreased the developmental rate (28.24 ± 1.06 vs. 40.24 ± 3.03%) and total cell number (41.12 ± 2.10 vs. 50.38 ± 2.27), but increased the total apoptotic index (6.44 ± 0.81 vs. 3.08 ± 0.51) in parthenogenetically activated embryos. In conclusion, these results showed that PARylation regulates cumulus expansion through the regulation of gene expression and affects developmental competence and quality in parthenogenetic embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duk Hyoun Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Bio-Organ Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Ran Lee
- CHA Fertility Center Seoul, Jung-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Min Gyeong Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Bio-Organ Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jun Sung Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Bio-Organ Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Su Jin Jin
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Bio-Organ Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hoon Taek Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Bio-Organ Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea.
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de Castro FC, Cruz MHC, Leal CLV. Role of Growth Differentiation Factor 9 and Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 in Ovarian Function and Their Importance in Mammalian Female Fertility - A Review. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2015; 29:1065-74. [PMID: 26954112 PMCID: PMC4932559 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.15.0797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Growth factors play an important role during early ovarian development and folliculogenesis, since they regulate the migration of germ cells to the gonadal ridge. They also act on follicle recruitment, proliferation/atresia of granulosa cells and theca, steroidogenesis, oocyte maturation, ovulation and luteinization. Among the growth factors, the growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and the bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), belong to the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily, have been implicated as essential for follicular development. The GDF9 and BMP15 participate in the evolution of the primordial follicle to primary follicle and play an important role in the later stages of follicular development and maturation, increasing the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein expression, plasminogen activator and luteinizing hormone receptor (LHR). These factors are also involved in the interconnections between the oocyte and surrounding cumulus cells, where they regulate absorption of amino acids, glycolysis and biosynthesis of cholesterol cumulus cells. Even though the mode of action has not been fully established, in vitro observations indicate that the factors GDF9 and BMP15 stimulate the growth of ovarian follicles and proliferation of cumulus cells through the induction of mitosis in cells and granulosa and theca expression of genes linked to follicular maturation. Thus, seeking greater understanding of the action of these growth factors on the development of oocytes, the role of GDF9 and BMP15 in ovarian function is summarized in this brief review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Cavallari de Castro
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, CEP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Coelho Cruz
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, CEP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Claudia Lima Verde Leal
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, CEP 13635-900, Brazil
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NR6A1 couples with cAMP response element binding protein and regulates vascular smooth muscle cell migration. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 69:225-32. [PMID: 26546462 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration is implicated in atherosclerosis and restenosis. Nuclear receptor subfamily 6, group A, member 1 (NR6A1) is involved in regulating embryonic stem cell differentiation, reproduction, neuronal differentiation. Functional cooperation between cAMP response element modulator tau (CREMtau) and NR6A1 can direct gene expression in cells. cAMP response element binding protein (CREB) plays a key role in VSMC migration. In this study, we sought to determine whether CREB involved in NR6A1-modulated VSMC migration. VSMCs treated with platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) displayed reduced mRNA and protein levels of NR6A1. Adenovirus-mediated expression of NR6A1 (Ad-NR6A1) could inhibit PDGF-BB- and serum-induced VSMC migration. The mRNA and protein expressions of secreted phosphoprotein 1 (SPP1) were down-regulated by NR6A1 overexpression. SPP1 promoter reporter activity was repressed by NR6A1. NR6A1 was found to physically couple with nuclear actin and the large subunit of RNA polymerase II. Furthermore, we showed that CREB interacted with NR6A1 in VSMCs. NR6A1 overexpression repressed cAMP response element (CRE) activity. ChIP assay revealed that NR6A1 bind to SPP1 promoter. Luciferase reporter assay showed that NR6A1 regulated SPP1 promoter activity via a putative CRE site. Adenovirus mediated local NR6A1 gene transfer attenuated stenosis after balloon-induced arterial injury in Sprague-Dawley rats. Taken together, this study provided experimental evidence that NR6A1 modulated SPP1 expression via its binding with CREB protein in VSMCs. We also revealed a NR6A1-CREB-SPP1 axis that serves as a regulatory mechanism for atherosclerosis and restenosis.
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Identification and Analysis of Regulatory Elements in Porcine Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 Gene Promoter. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:25759-72. [PMID: 26516845 PMCID: PMC4632825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161025759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) is secreted by the mammalian oocytes and is indispensable for ovarian follicular development, ovulation, and fertility. To determine the regulation mechanism of BMP15 gene, the regulatory sequence of porcine BMP15 was investigated in this study. The cloned BMP15 promoter retains the cell-type specificity, and is activated in cells derived from ovarian tissue. The luciferase assays in combination with a series of deletion of BMP15 promoter sequence show that the -427 to -376 bp region of BMP15 promoter is the primary regulatory element, in which there are a number of transcription factor binding sites, including LIM homeobox 8 (LHX8), newborn ovary homeobox gene (NOBOX), and paired-like homeodomain transcription factor 1 (PITX1). Determination of tissue-specific expression reveals that LHX8, but not PITX1 and NOBOX, is exclusively expressed in pig ovary tissue and is translocated into the cell nuclei. Overexpression of LHX8 in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells could significantly promote BMP15 promoter activation. This study confirms a key regulatory element that is located in the proximal region of BMP15 promoter and is regulated by the LHX8 factor.
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Wang H, Wang X, Archer TK, Zwaka TP, Cooney AJ. GCNF-dependent activation of cyclin D1 expression via repression of Mir302a during ESC differentiation. Stem Cells 2015; 32:1527-37. [PMID: 24578347 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin D1 plays an important role in the regulation of cellular proliferation and its expression is activated during gastrulation in the mouse; however, it remains unknown how cyclin D1 expression is regulated during early embryonic development. Here, we define the role of germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF) in the activation of cyclin D1 expression during embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation as a model of early development. During our study of GCNF knockout (GCNF(-) (/) (-) ) ESC, we discovered that loss of GCNF leads to the repression of cyclin D1 activation during ESC differentiation. This was determined to be an indirect effect of deregulation Mir302a, which is a cyclin D1 suppressor via binding to the 3'UTR of cyclin D1 mRNA. Moreover, we showed that Mir302 is a target gene of GCNF that inhibits Mir302 expression by binding to a DR0 element within its promoter. Inhibition of Mir302a using Mir302 inhibitor during differentiation of GCNF(-) (/) (-) ESCs restored cyclin D1 expression. Similarly over-expression of GCNF during differentiation of GCNF(-) (/) (-) ESCs rescued the inhibition of Mir302a expression and the activation of cyclin D1. These results reveal that GCNF plays a key role in regulating activation of cyclin D1 expression via inhibition of Mir302a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongran Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, USA; Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, Texas, USA
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Aesoy R, Clyne CD, Chand AL. Insights into Orphan Nuclear Receptors as Prognostic Markers and Novel Therapeutic Targets for Breast Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:115. [PMID: 26300846 PMCID: PMC4528200 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence asserting the importance of orphan nuclear receptors (ONRs) in cancer initiation and progression. In breast cancer, there is a lot unknown about ONRs in terms of their expression profile and their transcriptional targets in the various stages of tumor progression. With the classification of breast tumors into distinct molecular subtypes, we assess ONR expression in the different breast cancer subtypes and with patient outcomes. Complementing this, we review evidence implicating ONR-dependent molecular pathways in breast cancer progression to identify candidate ONRs as potential prognostic markers and/or as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reidun Aesoy
- Cancer Drug Discovery, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Colin D. Clyne
- Cancer Drug Discovery, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ashwini L. Chand
- Cancer Drug Discovery, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Cancer and Inflammation Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Ashwini L. Chand,
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Sabour D, Xu X, Chung ACK, Le Menuet D, Ko K, Tapia N, Araúzo-Bravo MJ, Gentile L, Greber B, Hübner K, Sebastiano V, Wu G, Schöler HR, Cooney AJ. Germ cell nuclear factor regulates gametogenesis in developing gonads. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103985. [PMID: 25140725 PMCID: PMC4139263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF; Nr6a1), an orphan member of the nuclear receptor gene family of transcription factors, during gastrulation and neurulation is critical for normal embryogenesis in mice. Gcnf represses the expression of the POU-domain transcription factor Oct4 (Pou5f1) during mouse post-implantation development. Although Gcnf expression is not critical for the embryonic segregation of the germ cell lineage, we found that sexually dimorphic expression of Gcnf in germ cells correlates with the expression of pluripotency-associated genes, such as Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog, as well as the early meiotic marker gene Stra8. To elucidate the role of Gcnf during mouse germ cell differentiation, we generated an ex vivo Gcnf-knockdown model in combination with a regulated CreLox mutation of Gcnf. Lack of Gcnf impairs normal spermatogenesis and oogenesis in vivo, as well as the derivation of germ cells from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in vitro. Inactivation of the Gcnf gene in vivo leads to loss of repression of Oct4 expression in both male and female gonads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Sabour
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Xueping Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Arthur C. K. Chung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases and Molecular Therapies, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Damien Le Menuet
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- INSERM, U693, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Paris, France
| | - Kinarm Ko
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Natalia Tapia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Marcos J. Araúzo-Bravo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
- Group of Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Luca Gentile
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Boris Greber
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Karin Hübner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Vittorio Sebastiano
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Guangming Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans R. Schöler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
- Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- * E-mail: (AJC); (HRS)
| | - Austin J. Cooney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AJC); (HRS)
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Persani L, Rossetti R, Di Pasquale E, Cacciatore C, Fabre S. The fundamental role of bone morphogenetic protein 15 in ovarian function and its involvement in female fertility disorders. Hum Reprod Update 2014; 20:869-83. [PMID: 24980253 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmu036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A large number of studies have contributed to understanding the general mechanisms driving ovarian folliculogenesis in humans and show a complex endocrine dialog between the central nervous system, the pituitary and the ovary, integrated by various intraovarian paracrine messages. The role of intraovarian paracrine regulation has acquired more relevance in the recent years owing to the discovery of previously unknown factors, such as the oocyte-derived bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)15. METHODS A thorough literature search was carried out in order to summarize what has been reported so far on the role of BMP15, and the BMP15 paralog, growth and differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), in ovarian function and female fertility. Research articles published in English until March 2014 were included. RESULTS The biological actions of BMP15 include: (i) the promotion of follicle growth and maturation starting from the primary gonadotrophin-independent phases of folliculogenesis; (ii) the regulation of follicular granulosa cell (GC) sensitivity to FSH action and the determination of ovulation quota; (iii) the prevention of GC apoptosis and (iv) the promotion of oocyte developmental competence. The existence of biologically active heterodimers with GDF9, and/or the synergistic co-operation of BMP15 and GDF9 homodimers are indeed relevant in this context. Experimental disruption of the bmp15 gene in mice resulted in a mild fertility defect limited to females, whereas natural missense mutations in ewes cause variable phenotypes (ranging from hyperprolificacy to complete sterility) depending on a fine gene dosage mechanism also involving GDF9. Strong evidence supports the concept that such a mechanism plays an important role in the regulation of ovulation rate across mammalian and non-mammalian species. Following the discovery of sheep fecundity genes, several research groups have focused on alterations in human BMP15 associated with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) or polycystic ovary syndrome. Several variants of BMP15 are significantly associated with POI supporting their pathogenic role, but the underlying biological mechanism is still under investigation and of great interest in medicine. BMP15 maps to the Xp locus involved in the determination of the ovarian defect in Turner syndrome and significantly contributes to the determination of ovarian reserve. Pioneering studies in women undergoing controlled ovarian stimulation indicate that BMP15 may represent a marker of ovarian response or oocyte quality. CONCLUSIONS BMP15, an oocyte-derived growth and differentiation factor, is a critical regulator of folliculogenesis and GC activities. Variations in BMP15 gene dosage have a relevant influence on ovarian function and can account for several defects of female fertility. The modulation of BMP15 action may have interesting pharmacological perspectives and the analysis of BMP15 may become a useful marker in IVF procedures. Recent outcomes indicate that the close interactions of BMP15/GDF9 have a critical biological impact that should be taken into account in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Persani
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy Laboratory of Endocrine & Metabolic Research and Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Rossetti
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Di Pasquale
- Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research - UOS of Milan, National Research Council (CNR) and Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Via Manzoni 59, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Cacciatore
- Department of Clinical Sciences & Community Health, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy Laboratory of Endocrine & Metabolic Research and Division of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149 Milan, Italy
| | - Stéphane Fabre
- INRA, Université de Toulouse INPT, UMR1388, Génétique, Physiologie et Systèmes D'Elevage, F-31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
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Gaytán F, Morales C, Manfredi-Lozano M, Tena-Sempere M. Generation of multi-oocyte follicles in the peripubertal rat ovary: link to the invasive capacity of granulosa cells? Fertil Steril 2014; 101:1467-76. [PMID: 24581577 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.01.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the presence and numbers of multi-oocyte follicles (MOFs) in the rat ovary at different stages of postnatal maturation. DESIGN Animal (rat) study. SETTING Research laboratory. ANIMAL(S) Female Wistar rats. INTERVENTION(S) Histologic/morphometric analyses in ovaries from infantile, juvenile, pubertal, and adult female rats. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Numbers and characteristics of MOFs in rat ovaries at different stages of postnatal maturation. RESULT(S) Female rats displayed low numbers (<5/ovary) of MOFs in the infantile period (postnatal day [PND] 15). The occurrence of MOFs increased sharply by PND-21 and remained at high values (>15/ovary) up to PND-60, to decline thereafter by PND-90. The presence of irregularly shaped and connected adjacent follicles, together with the identification of ruptures at the follicle surface and the occasional invasion of the ovarian stroma by granulosa cells, strongly suggests that the majority of MOFs in peripubertal rats are generated by fusion of adjacent growing follicles. CONCLUSION(S) A new mechanism for the generation of MOFs linked to the potential invasive capacity of granulosa cells is proposed. The basis for the upsurge in the generation of MOFs during the peripubertal period and whether, as predictable, this phenomenon is applicable to other mammalian species warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Gaytán
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain; Instituto Maimónides de Investigaciones Biomédicas/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba, Spain.
| | | | - María Manfredi-Lozano
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Manuel Tena-Sempere
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Córdoba, Spain; Instituto Maimónides de Investigaciones Biomédicas/Hospital Universitario Reina Sofia, Córdoba, Spain.
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Brito AB, Santos RR, van den Hurk R, Lima JS, Miranda MS, Ohashi OM, Domingues SFS. Short-term culture of ovarian cortical strips from capuchin monkeys (Sapajus apella): a morphological, viability, and molecular study of preantral follicular development in vitro. Reprod Sci 2013; 20:990-7. [PMID: 23314959 PMCID: PMC3713647 DOI: 10.1177/1933719112472737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether an in vitro culture (IVC) medium containing either or not β-mercaptoethanol (BME), bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), or pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) could be able to promote the development of capuchin monkeys' preantral follicles enclosed in ovarian cortical strips. Follicular viability after IVC was similar to control (89.32%). Primordial follicle recruitment to primary stage was not reached with IVC, but the rate of secondary follicle formation was increased in the medium supplemented with BME, BMP4, and PMSG (44.86%) when compared to IVC control (9.20%). In the medium supplemented with BME, BMP4, and PMSG, contrary to other media, anti-müllerian hormone-messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in ovarian tissue was upregulated (3.4-fold), while that of growth differentiation factor-9 was maintained. The BMP4-mRNA expression, however, appeared downregulated in all cultured tissues. Our findings show a favorable effect of BME, BMP4, and PMSG on the in vitro development of secondary follicles from capuchin monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Brito
- Laboratory of Wild Animal Biology and Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Pará, Brazil
- Animal Science Post-graduation Program, Federal University of Pará, Pará, Brazil
| | - R. R. Santos
- Laboratory of Wild Animal Biology and Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Pará, Brazil
- Animal Science Post-graduation Program, Federal University of Pará, Pará, Brazil
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - R. van den Hurk
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J. S. Lima
- Laboratory of Wild Animal Biology and Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Pará, Brazil
- Animal Science Post-graduation Program, Federal University of Pará, Pará, Brazil
| | - M. S. Miranda
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Brazil
| | - O. M. Ohashi
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Brazil
| | - S. F. S. Domingues
- Laboratory of Wild Animal Biology and Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Pará, Brazil
- Animal Science Post-graduation Program, Federal University of Pará, Pará, Brazil
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Mathieu R, Evrard B, Fromont G, Rioux-Leclercq N, Godet J, Cathelineau X, Guillé F, Primig M, Chalmel F. Expression screening of cancer/testis genes in prostate cancer identifies NR6A1 as a novel marker of disease progression and aggressiveness. Prostate 2013; 73:1103-14. [PMID: 23532770 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer/Testis (CT) genes are expressed in male gonads, repressed in most healthy somatic tissues and de-repressed in various somatic malignancies including prostate cancers (PCa). Because of their specific expression signature and their associations with tumor aggressiveness and poor outcomes, CT genes are considered to be useful biomarkers and they are also targets for the development of new anti-cancer immunotherapies. The aim of this study was to identify novel CT genes associated with hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC), and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). METHODS To identify novel CT genes we screened genes for which transcripts were detected by RNA profiling specifically in normal testis and in either HSPC or CRPC as compared to normal prostate and 44 other healthy tissues using GeneChips. The expression and clinicopathological significance of a promising candidate--NR6A1--was examined in HSPC, CRPC, and metastatic site samples using tissue microarrays. RESULTS We report the identification of 98 genes detected in CRPC, HSPC and testicular samples but not in the normal controls. Among them, cellular levels of NR6A1 were found to be higher in HSPC compared to normal prostate and further increased in metastatic lesions and CRPC. Furthermore, increased NR6A1 immunoreactivity was significantly associated with a high Gleason score, advanced pT stage and cancer cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that cellular levels of NR6A1 are correlated with disease progression in PCa. We suggest that this essential orphan nuclear receptor is a potential therapeutic target as well as a biomarker of PCa aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Mathieu
- Inserm Unité 1085-Irset, Université de Rennes 1, Rennes, France
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Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) regulates chromosome segregation and kinetochore function via H4K16 deacetylation during oocyte maturation in mouse. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003377. [PMID: 23516383 PMCID: PMC3597510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in histone acetylation occur during oocyte development and maturation, but the role of specific histone deacetylases in these processes is poorly defined. We report here that mice harboring Hdac1−/+/Hdac2−/− or Hdac2−/− oocytes are infertile or sub-fertile, respectively. Depleting maternal HDAC2 results in hyperacetylation of H4K16 as determined by immunocytochemistry—normal deacetylation of other lysine residues of histone H3 or H4 is observed—and defective chromosome condensation and segregation during oocyte maturation occurs in a sub-population of oocytes. The resulting increased incidence of aneuploidy likely accounts for the observed sub-fertility of mice harboring Hdac2−/− oocytes. The infertility of mice harboring Hdac1−/+/Hdac2−/−oocytes is attributed to failure of those few eggs that properly mature to metaphase II to initiate DNA replication following fertilization. The increased amount of acetylated H4K16 likely impairs kinetochore function in oocytes lacking HDAC2 because kinetochores in mutant oocytes are less able to form cold-stable microtubule attachments and less CENP-A is located at the centromere. These results implicate HDAC2 as the major HDAC that regulates global histone acetylation during oocyte development and, furthermore, suggest HDAC2 is largely responsible for the deacetylation of H4K16 during maturation. In addition, the results provide additional support that histone deacetylation that occurs during oocyte maturation is critical for proper chromosome segregation. Oocyte development is becoming of increasing interest not only in the broad research community but also within the general public due, in part, to the ever increasing demand for and use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) to treat human infertility, and because the oocyte-to-embryo transition encompasses a natural reprogramming of gene expression, a process central to forming iPS cells. Dramatic changes in chromatin structure and gene expression occur during oocyte development, but the role of such changes in generating oocytes that are capable of maturing, being fertilized, and giving rise to offspring is very poorly understood. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are critically involved in modulating chromatin structure. Here, we describe the effect of specifically deleting the gene encoding Hdac2 in mouse oocytes and find the fertility of female mice harboring such oocytes is compromised. Although such mutant oocytes can grow they fail to mature properly to become an egg. The primary defect is that histone H4 acetylated on lysine 16 fails to become deacetylated as the oocyte matures to become an egg, with the consequence that the ability of chromosomes to interact with spindle microtubules is compromised, which in turn leads to improper chromosome segregation.
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Xu J, Gridley T. Notch2 is required in somatic cells for breakdown of ovarian germ-cell nests and formation of primordial follicles. BMC Biol 2013; 11:13. [PMID: 23406467 PMCID: PMC3606475 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-11-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the mouse ovary, oocytes initially develop in clusters termed germ-cell nests. Shortly after birth, these germ-cell nests break apart, and the oocytes individually become surrounded by somatic granulosa cells to form primordial follicles. Notch signaling plays essential roles during oogenesis in Drosophila, and recent studies have suggested that Notch signaling also plays an essential role during oogenesis and ovary development in mammals. However, no in vivo loss-of-function studies have been performed to establish whether Notch family receptors have an essential physiological role during normal ovarian development in mutant mice. Results Female mice with conditional deletion of the Notch2 gene in somatic granulosa cells of the ovary exhibited reduced fertility, accompanied by the formation of multi-oocyte follicles, which became hemorrhagic by 7 weeks of age. Formation of multi-oocyte follicles resulted from defects in breakdown of the primordial germ-cell nests. The ovaries of the Notch2 conditional mutant mice had increased numbers of oocytes, but decreased numbers of primordial follicles. Oocyte numbers in the Notch2 conditional mutants were increased not by excess or extended cellular proliferation, but as a result of decreased oocyte apoptosis. Conclusions Our work demonstrates that Notch2-mediated signaling in the somatic-cell lineage of the mouse ovary regulates oocyte apoptosis non-cell autonomously, and is essential for regulating breakdown of germ-cell nests and formation of primordial follicles. This model provides a new resource for studying the developmental and physiological roles of Notch signaling during mammalian reproductive biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingxia Xu
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
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Abstract
The hypocretin (also known as orexin) system reacts to environmental changes in the internal milieu (pH, glucose, and various hormones) and the external environment (activity, fasting, and sleep deprivation) and regulates various physiological functions. Several feedback mechanisms, such as those listed above, have been reported to regulate the hypocretin system even at the transcriptional level. In addition, some transcription factors, such as forkhead box A2; nuclear receptor subfamily 6, group A, member 1; and early B-cell factor 2, were determined to be regulators of the preprohypocretin gene. However, little is known concerning the specific components that react to environmental changes and the determinants of spatial expression of the hypocretin gene within the lateral hypothalamus. This review focuses on the recent findings of transcription factors that regulate preprohypocretin transcription in addition to discussing the future prospects for transcriptional regulation of the hypocretin gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Tanaka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Chalmel F, Lardenois A, Evrard B, Mathieu R, Feig C, Demougin P, Gattiker A, Schulze W, Jégou B, Kirchhoff C, Primig M. Global human tissue profiling and protein network analysis reveals distinct levels of transcriptional germline-specificity and identifies target genes for male infertility. Hum Reprod 2012; 27:3233-48. [PMID: 22926843 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammalian spermatogenesis is a process that involves a complex expression program in both somatic and germ cells present in the male gonad. A number of studies have attempted to define the transcriptome of male meiosis and gametogenesis in rodents and primates. Few human transcripts, however, have been associated with testicular somatic cells and germ cells at different post-natal developmental stages and little is known about their level of germline-specificity compared with non-testicular tissues. METHODS We quantified human transcripts using GeneChips and a total of 47 biopsies from prepubertal children diagnosed with undescended testis, infertile adult patients whose spermatogenesis is arrested at consecutive stages and fertile control individuals. These results were integrated with data from enriched normal germ cells, non-testicular expression data, phenotype information, predicted regulatory DNA-binding motifs and interactome data. RESULTS Among 3580 genes for which we found differential transcript concentrations in somatic and germ cells present in human testis, 933 were undetectable in 45 embryonic and adult non-testicular tissues, including many that were corroborated at protein level by published gene annotation data and histological high-throughput protein immunodetection assays. Using motif enrichment analyses, we identified regulatory promoter elements likely involved in germline development. Finally, we constructed a regulatory disease network for human fertility by integrating expression signals, interactome information, phenotypes and functional annotation data. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide broad insight into the post-natal human testicular transcriptome at the level of cell populations and in a global somatic tissular context. Furthermore, they yield clues for genetic causes of male infertility and will facilitate the identification of novel cancer/testis genes as targets for cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Chalmel
- Inserm Unit 1085-IRSET, Université de Rennes 1, EHESP School of Public Health, F-35042 Rennes, France
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Rao BS, Mahesh YU, Charan KV, Suman K, Sekhar N, Shivaji S. Effect of vitrification on meiotic maturation and expression of genes in immature goat cumulus oocyte complexes. Cryobiology 2012; 64:176-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Hu MW, Wang ZB, Schatten H, Sun QY. New understandings on folliculogenesis/oogenesis regulation in mouse as revealed by conditional knockout. J Genet Genomics 2012; 39:61-8. [PMID: 22361505 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In comparison to conventional knockout technology and in vitro research methods, conditional gene knockout has remarkable advantages. In the past decade, especially during the past five years, conditional knockout approaches have been used to study the regulation of folliculogenesis, follicle growth, oocyte maturation and other major reproductive events. In this review, we summarize the recent findings about folliculogenesis/oogenesis regulation, including the functions of four signaling cascades or glycoprotein domains that have been extensively studied by conditional gene deletion. Several other still fragmented areas of related work are introduced which are awaiting clarification. We have also discussed the future potential of this technology in clarifying gene functions in reproductive biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Wen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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37
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Compensatory functions of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and HDAC2 regulate transcription and apoptosis during mouse oocyte development. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:E481-9. [PMID: 22223663 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1118403109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dramatic changes in chromatin structure and histone modification occur during oocyte growth, as well as a global cessation of transcription. The role of histone modifications in these processes is poorly understood. We report the effect of conditionally deleting Hdac1 and Hdac2 on oocyte development. Deleting either gene has little or no effect on oocyte development, whereas deleting both genes results in follicle development arrest at the secondary follicle stage. This developmental arrest is accompanied by substantial perturbation of the transcriptome and a global reduction in transcription even though histone acetylation is markedly increased. There is no apparent change in histone repressive marks, but there is a pronounced decrease in histone H3K4 methylation, an activating mark. The decrease in H3K4 methylation is likely a result of increased expression of Kdm5b because RNAi-mediated targeting of Kdm5b in double-mutant oocytes results in an increase in H3K4 methylation. An increase in TRP53 acetylation also occurs in mutant oocytes and may contribute to the observed increased incidence of apoptosis. Taken together, these results suggest seminal roles of acetylation of histone and nonhistone proteins in oocyte development.
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Li X, Tripurani SK, James R, Pangas SA. Minimal Fertility Defects in Mice Deficient in Oocyte-Expressed Smad41. Biol Reprod 2012; 86:1-6. [DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.111.094375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Nuclear Receptors in Regulation of Mouse ES Cell Pluripotency and Differentiation. PPAR Res 2011; 2007:61563. [PMID: 18274628 PMCID: PMC2233893 DOI: 10.1155/2007/61563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2007] [Accepted: 06/11/2007] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Embryonic stem (ES) cells have great therapeutic potential because they are capable of indefinite self-renewal and have the potential to differentiate into over 200 different cell types that compose the human body. The switch from the pluripotent phenotype to a differentiated cell involves many complex signaling pathways including those involving LIF/Stat3 and the transcription factors Sox2, Nanog and Oct-4. Many nuclear receptors play an important role in the maintenance of pluripotence (ERRβ, SF-1, LRH-1, DAX-1) repression of the ES cell phenotype (RAR, RXR, GCNF) and also the differentiation of ES cells (PPARγ). Here we review the roles of the nuclear receptors involved in regulating these important processes in ES cells.
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Zuccotti M, Merico V, Cecconi S, Redi CA, Garagna S. What does it take to make a developmentally competent mammalian egg? Hum Reprod Update 2011; 17:525-40. [DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmr009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Wagner RT, Xu X, Yi F, Merrill BJ, Cooney AJ. Canonical Wnt/β-catenin regulation of liver receptor homolog-1 mediates pluripotency gene expression. Stem Cells 2011; 28:1794-804. [PMID: 20734354 PMCID: PMC2996860 DOI: 10.1002/stem.502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Delineating the signaling pathways that underlie ESC pluripotency is paramount for development of ESC applications in both the research and clinical settings. In culture pluripotency is maintained by leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) stimulation of two separate signaling axes: Stat3/Klf4/Sox2 and PI3K/Tbx3/Nanog, which converge in the regulation of Oct4 expression. However, LIF signaling is not required in vivo for self-renewal, thus alternate signaling axes likely mediate these pathways. Additional factors that promote pluripotency gene expression have been identified, including the direct regulation of Oct4 by liver receptor homolog-1 (Lrh-1) and β-catenin regulation of Nanog. Here, we present genetic, molecular, and pharmacological studies identifying a signaling axis in which β-catenin promotes pluripotency gene expression in an Lrh-1-dependent manner. Furthermore, Lrh-1 was identified as a novel β-catenin target gene, and Lrh-1 regulation is required for maintaining proper levels of Oct4, Nanog, and Tbx3. Elucidation of this pathway provides an alternate mechanism by which the primary pluripotency axis may be regulated in vivo and may pave the way for small molecule applications to manipulate pluripotency or improve the efficiency of somatic cell reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan T Wagner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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42
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Paulini F, Melo EO. The role of oocyte-secreted factors GDF9 and BMP15 in follicular development and oogenesis. Reprod Domest Anim 2010; 46:354-61. [PMID: 21198974 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2010.01739.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian physiology is controlled by endocrine and paracrine signals, and the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) superfamily has a pivotal role in this control. The Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) and Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) genes are relevant members of the TGFβ superfamily that encode proteins secreted by the oocytes into the ovarian follicles. Through a paracrine signalling pathway, these factors induce the follicular somatic cells to undergo mitosis and differentiation during follicular development. These events are controlled by a mutually dependent and coordinated fashion during the formation of the granulosa cell layers. Many studies have contributed to our knowledge concerning the paracrine factors acting within the follicular environment, especially regarding GDF9 and BMP15. We aimed to review the relevant contributions of these two genes to animal reproductive physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Paulini
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia Instituto de Biologia/PGBioani, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
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Tanaka S, Kodama T, Nonaka T, Toyoda H, Arai M, Fukazawa M, Honda Y, Honda M, Mignot E. Transcriptional regulation of the hypocretin/orexin gene by NR6A1. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 403:178-83. [PMID: 21056546 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The hypocretin (also known as orexin) neuropeptide system coordinates the regulation of various physiological processes. A reduction in Nr6a1 expression was observed in hypocretin neuron-ablated transgenic mice. To show that prepro-hypocretin transcription is functionally modulated by NR6A1, we performed chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis, double-immunostaining, a luciferase reporter assay, and an in utero electroporation study. ChIP analysis showed that endogenous NR6A1 binds to a putative NR6A1-binding site. Double-immunostaining indicated almost all hypocretin neurons were positive for NR6A1 immunoreactivity. NR6A1 overexpression in SH-SY5Y cells modulated hypocretin promoter activity, an effect that was countered by lacking a putative NR6A1-binding site. Electroporation with Nr6a1 in the foetal hypothalamus promoted hypocretin transcription as compared to GFP-electroporation. These experiments confirmed that NR6A1 works as a regulator for hypocretin transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susumu Tanaka
- Department of Sleep Disorders Research, Tokyo Institute of Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan.
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44
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Xu J, Tan A, Palli SR. The function of nuclear receptors in regulation of female reproduction and embryogenesis in the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2010; 56:1471-80. [PMID: 20416316 PMCID: PMC2918696 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2010.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2010] [Revised: 04/05/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Nineteen canonical and two Knirps-like family nuclear receptors (NRs) were identified in the genome of Tribolium castaneum. The current study was conducted to determine the function of these NRs in regulation of female reproduction and embryogenesis. RNA interference (RNAi)-aided knock-down in the expression of genes coding for 21 NRs showed that seven NRs E75, hormone receptor 3 (HR3), ecdysone receptor (EcR), ultraspiracle (USP), seven-up (SVP), FTZ transcription factor 1 (FTZ-F1) and hormone receptor 4 (HR4) are required for successful vitellogenesis and oogenesis. Knocking down the expression of genes coding for these seven NRs affected egg production by reducing the levels of vitellogenin mRNAs as well as by affecting the oocyte maturation. Expression of seven additional NRs hormone receptor 96 (HR96), hormone receptor 51 (HR51), hormone receptor 38 (HR38), hormone receptor 39 (HR39), Tailless (Tll), Dissatisfaction (Dsf) and Knirps-like is required for successful embryogenesis. The knock-down in the expression of genes coding for three other NRs (E78, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4, HNF4 and Eagle) partially blocked embryogenesis. This study showed that at least 17 out of the 21 NRs identified in T. castaneum play key roles in female reproduction and embryogenesis.
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Zhou H, Liu LH, Zhang H, Lei Z, Lan ZJ. Expression of zinc finger protein 105 in the testis and its role in male fertility. Mol Reprod Dev 2010; 77:511-20. [PMID: 20186958 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.21171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Using an in silico approach, we identified a putative zinc finger domain-containing transcription factor (zinc finger protein 105, ZFP105) enriched in the adult mouse testis. RT-PCR analyses showed that Zfp105 was indeed highly expressed in adult mouse testis and that its expression was regulated during postnatal development. To further characterize Zfp105 expression, we generated a Zfp105:beta-galactosidase (LacZ) knock-in reporter mouse line (Zfp105(LacZ/+)) in which a Zfp105:LacZ fusion gene was expressed. Whole-mount LacZ analyses of adult Zfp105(LacZ/+) tissues showed robust LacZ staining in the testis, very weak staining in the ovary, and no staining in the spleen, liver, kidney, heart, lung, thymus, adrenal gland, uterus, or oviduct. Sectional LacZ staining showed that ZFP105 was highly expressed in pachytene spermatocytes. ZNF35, the human ortholog of Zfp105, was also highly expressed in human testis. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that ZNF35 was located primarily in the cytoplasm of male germ cells. More importantly, reduced male fertility was observed in adult Zfp105(LacZ/LacZ) mice. Histological studies showed the presence of undifferentiated spermatogenic cells in the lumen of seminiferous tubules at stage VII and in the epididymal lumen of adult Zfp105(LacZ/LacZ) mice. Taken together, our results suggest that ZFP105 is a male germ-cell factor and plays a role in male reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxin Zhou
- Birth Defects Center, University of Louisville Health Sciences Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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Edson MA, Nalam RL, Clementi C, Franco HL, Demayo FJ, Lyons KM, Pangas SA, Matzuk MM. Granulosa cell-expressed BMPR1A and BMPR1B have unique functions in regulating fertility but act redundantly to suppress ovarian tumor development. Mol Endocrinol 2010; 24:1251-66. [PMID: 20363875 DOI: 10.1210/me.2009-0461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) have diverse roles in development and reproduction. Although several BMPs are produced by oocytes, thecal cells, and granulosa cells of developing follicles, the in vivo functions of most of these ligands are unknown. BMP signals are transduced by multiple type I and type II TGFbeta family receptors, and of the type I receptors, BMP receptor 1A (BMPR1A) and BMP receptor 1B (BMPR1B) are known to be expressed in rodent granulosa cells. Female mice homozygous null for Bmpr1b are sterile due to compromised cumulus expansion, but the function of BMPR1A in the ovary is unknown. To further decipher a role for BMP signaling in mouse granulosa cells, we deleted Bmpr1a in the granulosa cells of the ovary and found Bmpr1a conditional knockout females to be subfertile with reduced spontaneous ovulation. To explore the redundant functions of BMP receptor signaling in the ovary, we generated Bmpr1a Bmpr1b double-mutant mice, which developed granulosa cell tumors that have evidence of increased TGFbeta and hedgehog signaling. Thus, similar to SMAD1 and SMAD5, which have redundant roles in suppressing granulosa cell tumor development in mice, two type I BMP receptors, BMPR1A and BMPR1B, function together to prevent ovarian tumorigenesis. These studies support a role for a functional BMP signaling axis as a tumor suppressor pathway in the ovary, with BMPR1A and BMPR1B acting downstream of BMP ligands and upstream of BMP receptor SMADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Edson
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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47
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Polymorphisms of BMPR-IB gene and their relationship with litter size in goats. Mol Biol Rep 2010; 37:4033-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-010-0062-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Lokman PM, Kazeto Y, Ozaki Y, Ijiri S, Tosaka R, Kohara M, Divers SL, Matsubara H, Moore LG, Adachi S. Effects of reproductive stage, GH, and 11-ketotestosterone on expression of growth differentiation factor-9 in the ovary of the eel, Anguilla australis. Reproduction 2010; 139:71-83. [PMID: 19770224 DOI: 10.1530/rep-08-0454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In order to study the regulation of the growth differentiation factor-9 (gdf9) gene in a primitive teleost with semelparous life history, we cloned a cDNA encoding shortfinned eel Gdf9, expressed a partial peptide in Escherichia coli, and raised an antiserum to evaluate changes in Gdf9 expression during its pituitary homogenate-induced reproductive cycle. The effects of in vivo and in vitro exposure to the androgen 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), known to affect previtellogenic (PV) oocyte growth, were also determined. Furthermore, we investigated whether Gdf9 expression was metabolically gated by treating PV fish with recombinant GH in vivo. Immunoreactive proteins of ca. 52 and 55 kDa were identified by western blot analysis. Gdf9 message and protein were most abundant in PV oocytes, and peaked slightly earlier for mRNA than for protein. Captivity resulted in reduced gdf9 mRNA levels, which were restored following pituitary homogenate treatment. As oocytes progressed through induced oogenesis, Gdf9 expression decreased. Neither 11-KT nor GH treatment affected gdf9 mRNA levels in PV fish, although GH could partially restore handling- or captivity-induced decreases in gdf9 mRNA levels. Semelparous eels thus show an expression pattern of Gdf9 during oogenesis that is similar to that seen in other vertebrates, that appears responsive to handling or captivity stress, and whose control remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P M Lokman
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, New Zealand.
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Abstract
Infertility adversely affects many couples worldwide. Conversely, the exponential increase in world population threatens our planet and its resources. Therefore, a greater understanding of the fundamental cellular and molecular events that control the size of the primordial follicle pool and follicular development is of utmost importance to develop improved in vitro fertilization as well as to design novel approaches to regulate fertility. In this review we attempt to highlight some new advances in basic research of the mammalian ovary that have occurred in recent years focusing primarily on mouse models that have contributed to our understanding of ovarian follicle formation, development, and ovulation. We hope that these new insights into ovarian function will trigger more research and translation to clinically relevant problems.
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50
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Zuccotti M, Merico V, Sacchi L, Bellone M, Brink TC, Stefanelli M, Redi CA, Bellazzi R, Adjaye J, Garagna S. Oct-4 regulates the expression of Stella and Foxj2 at the Nanog locus: implications for the developmental competence of mouse oocytes. Hum Reprod 2009; 24:2225-37. [PMID: 19477878 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dep191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our knowledge of what determines the mammalian oocyte developmental competence is meagre. By comparing the transcriptional profiles of developmentally competent surrounded nucleolus (SN) and incompetent not surrounded nucleolus (NSN) mouse MII oocytes, we recently demonstrated that Oct-4 and Stella are key factors in the establishment of the oocytes' developmental competence. METHODS Using RT-PCR, microarray and immunocytochemistry assays, we analysed expression of genes and proteins in oocytes isolated throughout folliculogenesis and classified based on their SN- or NSN-type of chromatin organization. RESULTS We show that: (1) Oct-4 and Stella are expressed concurrently at the beginning of oocytes' growth and only in SN oocytes; (2) Germ Cell Nuclear Factor is a putative regulator of Oct-4 expression in MII oocytes; (3) the function of Oct-4 is directed at the Nanog locus, regulating the expression of Stella and Foxj2. CONCLUSIONS (1) A number of factors that act upstream and downstream of Oct-4 emerge as candidate players in the acquisition of the oocyte's developmental competence; (2) we define molecular markers that identify a specific group of ovarian oocytes (SN) that have a potential to acquire developmental competence; (3) the presence of SN and NSN oocytes in human ovaries extends the interest of these results to the field of human reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Zuccotti
- Sezione di Istologia ed Embriologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Universita' degli Studi di Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43100 Parma, Italy.
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