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Delgado Y, Tapia N, Muñoz-Morales M, Ramirez Á, Llanos J, Vargas I, Fernández-Morales FJ. Effect of hydrochar-doping on the performance of carbon felt as anodic electrode in microbial fuel cells. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33338-2. [PMID: 38653895 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
In this study, the feasibility of using hydrochars as anodic doping materials in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) was investigated. The feedstock used for hydrochar synthesis was metal-polluted plant biomass from an abandoned mining site. The hydrochar obtained was activated by pyrolysis at 500 °C in N2 atmosphere. Under steady state conditions, the current exerted by the MFCs, as well as the cyclic voltammetry and polarization curves, showed that the activated hydrochar-doped anodes exhibited the best performance in terms of power and current density generation, 0.055 mW/cm2 and 0.15 mA/cm2, respectively. These values were approximately 30% higher than those achieved with non-doped or doped with non-activated hydrochar anodes which can be explained by the highly graphitic carbonaceous structures obtained during the hydrochar activation that reduced the internal resistance of the system. These results suggest that the activated hydrochar materials could significantly enhance the electrochemical performance of bioelectrochemical systems. Moreover, this integration will not only enhance the energy generated by MFCs, but also valorize metal polluted plant biomass within the frame of the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelitza Delgado
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ITQUIMA, University of Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario S/N., 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Natalia Tapia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ITQUIMA, University of Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario S/N., 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 7820436, Santiago, Chile
| | - Martín Muñoz-Morales
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ITQUIMA, University of Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario S/N., 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Álvaro Ramirez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ITQUIMA, University of Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario S/N., 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Javier Llanos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ITQUIMA, University of Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario S/N., 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Ignacio Vargas
- Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 7820436, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Jesús Fernández-Morales
- Department of Chemical Engineering, ITQUIMA, University of Castilla La Mancha, Campus Universitario S/N., 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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2
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Muñoz-Arango D, Torres-Rojas F, Tapia N, Vega M, Alvear C, Pizarro G, Pastén P, Cortés S, Vega AS, Calderón R, Nerenberg R, Vargas IT. Perchlorate and chlorate assessment in drinking water in northern Chilean cities. Environ Res 2023; 233:116450. [PMID: 37343761 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Perchlorate and chlorate are endocrine disruptors considered emerging contaminants (ECs). Both oxyanions are commonly associated with anthropogenic contamination from fertilizers, pesticides, explosives, and disinfection byproducts. However, the soils of the Atacama Desert are the most extensive natural reservoirs of perchlorate in the world, compromising drinking water sources in northern Chile. Field campaigns were carried (2014-2018) to assess the presence of these ECs in the water supply networks of twelve Chilean cities. Additionally, the occurrence of perchlorate, chlorate and other anions typically observed in drinking water matrices of the Atacama Desert (i.e., nitrate, chloride, sulfate) was evaluated using a Spearman correlation analysis to determine predictors for perchlorate and chlorate. High concentrations of perchlorate (up to 114.48 μg L-1) and chlorate (up to 9650 μg L-1) were found in three northern cities. Spatial heterogeneities were observed in the physicochemical properties and anion concentrations of the water supply network. Spearman correlation analysis indicated that nitrate, chloride, and sulfate were not useful predictors for the presence of perchlorate and chlorate in drinking water in Chile. Hence, this study highlights the need to establish systematic monitoring, regulation, and treatment for these EC of drinking water sources in northern Chilean cities for public health protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Muñoz-Arango
- Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (CEDEUS), Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Torres-Rojas
- Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Tapia
- Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (CEDEUS), Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela Vega
- Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (CEDEUS), Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristobal Alvear
- Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Pizarro
- Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Pastén
- Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (CEDEUS), Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra Cortés
- Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (CEDEUS), Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile; Escuela de Medicina, Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases (ACCDIS). Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Lira 40, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra S Vega
- Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (CEDEUS), Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raúl Calderón
- Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Fabrica 1990, Segundo Piso, Santiago, Chile
| | - Robert Nerenberg
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering & Earth Science. University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Ignacio T Vargas
- Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (CEDEUS), Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile.
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Torres-Rojas F, Muñoz D, Tapia N, Canales C, Vargas IT. Bioelectrochemical chlorate reduction by Dechloromonas agitata CKB. Bioresour Technol 2020; 315:123818. [PMID: 32688253 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlorate has been described as an emerging pollutant that compromises water sources. In this study, bioelectrochemical reactors (BERs) using Dechloromonas agitata CKB, were evaluated as a sustainable alternative for chlorate removal. BERs were operated under flow-recirculation and batch modes with an applied cell-voltage of 0.44 V over a resistance of 1 kΩ. Results show chlorate removal up to 607.288 mg/L. After 115 days, scanning electron microscopy showed biofilm development over the electrodes, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed the biocatalytic effect of CKB. The theoretical chlorate bioreduction potential (ε° = 0.792 V) was proven, and a kinetic study indicated that 6 electrons were involved in the reduction mechanism. Finally, a hypothetical bioelectrochemical mechanism for chlorate reduction in a BER was proposed. This research expands upon current knowledge of novel electrochemically active microorganisms and widens the scope of BER applications for chlorate removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Torres-Rojas
- Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diana Muñoz
- Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (CEDEUS), Chile
| | - Natalia Tapia
- Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (CEDEUS), Chile
| | - Camila Canales
- Science Institute & Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Iceland, VR-III, Hjardarhaga 2, 107 Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Ignacio T Vargas
- Departamento de Ingeniería Hidráulica y Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Desarrollo Urbano Sustentable (CEDEUS), Chile.
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4
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Choi NY, Bang JS, Park YS, Lee M, Hwang HS, Ko K, Myung SC, Tapia N, Schöler HR, Kim GJ, Ko K. Generation of human androgenetic induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3614. [PMID: 32109236 PMCID: PMC7046633 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60363-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In humans, parthenogenesis and androgenesis occur naturally in mature cystic ovarian teratomas and androgenetic complete hydatidiform moles (CHM), respectively. Our previous study has reported human parthenogenetic induced pluripotent stem cells from ovarian teratoma-derived fibroblasts and screening of imprinted genes using genome-wide DNA methylation analysis. However, due to the lack of the counterparts of uniparental cells, identification of new imprinted differentially methylated regions has been limited. CHM are inherited from only the paternal genome. In this study, we generated human androgenetic induced pluripotent stem cells (AgHiPSCs) from primary androgenetic fibroblasts derived from CHM. To investigate the pluripotency state of AgHiPSCs, we analyzed their cellular and molecular characteristics. We tested the DNA methylation status of imprinted genes using bisulfite sequencing and demonstrated the androgenetic identity of AgHiPSCs. AgHiPSCs might be an attractive alternative source of human androgenetic embryonic stem cells. Furthermore, AgHiPSCs can be used in regenerative medicine, for analysis of genomic imprinting, to study imprinting-related development, and for disease modeling in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Young Choi
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Bang
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo Seph Park
- Department of Stem Cell Research, TJC Life Research and Development Center, TJC Life, Seoul, 06698, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseong Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Sung Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, 05030, Republic of Korea
| | - Kisung Ko
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Chul Myung
- Department of Urology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Natalia Tapia
- Institute of Biomedicine of Valencia, Spanish National Research Council, Jaime Roig 11, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Hans R Schöler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149, Münster, Germany
- Medical Faculty, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Gwang Jun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Kinarm Ko
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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6
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Totonchi M, Hassani SN, Sharifi-Zarchi A, Tapia N, Adachi K, Arand J, Greber B, Sabour D, Araúzo-Bravo MJ, Walter J, Pakzad M, Gourabi H, Schöler HR, Baharvand H. Blockage of the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Is Required for Embryonic Stem Cell Derivation. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1275-1290. [PMID: 28919260 PMCID: PMC5639184 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent cells emanate from the inner cell mass (ICM) of the blastocyst and when cultivated under optimal conditions immortalize as embryonic stem cells (ESCs). The fundamental mechanism underlying ESC derivation has, however, remained elusive. Recently, we have devised a highly efficient approach for establishing ESCs, through inhibition of the MEK and TGF-β pathways. This regimen provides a platform for dissecting the molecular mechanism of ESC derivation. Via temporal gene expression analysis, we reveal key genes involved in the ICM to ESC transition. We found that DNA methyltransferases play a pivotal role in efficient ESC generation. We further observed a tight correlation between ESCs and preimplantation epiblast cell-related genes and noticed that fundamental events such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition blockage play a key role in launching the ESC self-renewal program. Our study provides a time course transcriptional resource highlighting the dynamics of the gene regulatory network during the ICM to ESC transition. Transcriptome data indicated a dynamic gene expression during ICM-ESC transition DNA methyltransferases play a prominent role in efficient ESC generation ESCs maintain pre-Epiblast cell identity EMT blockage is required for ESC derivation
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Totonchi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh-Nafiseh Hassani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sharifi-Zarchi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Chitsaz Lab, Department of Computer Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523, CO, USA
| | - Natalia Tapia
- Institute of Biomedicine of Valencia, Spanish National Research Council, Jaime Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Kenjiro Adachi
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Julia Arand
- University of Saarland, FR 8.3, Biological Sciences, Genetics/Epigenetics, Campus A2.4, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Boris Greber
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany; Chemical Genomics Centre of the Max Planck Society, Dortmung, Germany
| | - Davood Sabour
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marcos J Araúzo-Bravo
- Group of Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jörn Walter
- University of Saarland, FR 8.3, Biological Sciences, Genetics/Epigenetics, Campus A2.4, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Mohammad Pakzad
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Gourabi
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hans R Schöler
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
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Park YS, Nemeño JGE, Choi NY, Lee JI, Ko K, Choi SC, Kim WS, Han DW, Tapia N, Ko K. Ectopic overexpression of Nanog induces tumorigenesis in non-tumorous fibroblasts. Biol Chem 2016; 397:249-55. [PMID: 26733157 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2015-0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Key regulatory genes in pluripotent stem cells are of interest not only as reprogramming factors but also as regulators driving tumorigenesis. Nanog is a transcription factor involved in the maintenance of embryonic stem cells and is one of the reprogramming factors along with Oct4, Sox2, and Lin28. Nanog expression has been detected in different types of tumors, and its expression is a poor prognosis for cancer patients. However, there is no clear evidence that Nanog is functionally involved in tumorigenesis. In this study, we induced overexpression of Nanog in mouse embryonic fibroblast cells and subsequently assessed their morphological changes, proliferation rate, and tumor formation ability. We found that Nanog overexpression induced immortalization of mouse embryonic fibroblast cells (MEFs) and increased their proliferation rate in vitro. We also found that formation of tumors after subcutaneous injection of retroviral-Nanog infected MEFs (N-MEFs) into athymic mouse. Cancer-related genes such as Bmi1 were expressed at high levels in N-MEFs. Hence, our results demonstrate that Nanog is able to transform normal somatic cells into tumor cells.
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Abstract
The ability to reprogram somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using defined factors provides new tools for biomedical research. However, some iPSC clones display tumorigenic and immunogenic potential, thus raising concerns about their utility and safety in the clinical setting. Furthermore, variability in iPSC differentiation potential has also been described. Here we discuss whether these therapeutic obstacles are specific to transcription-factor-mediated reprogramming or inherent to every cellular reprogramming method. Finally, we address whether a better understanding of the mechanism underlying the reprogramming process might improve the fidelity of reprogramming and, therefore, the iPSC quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Tapia
- Institute of Biomedicine of Valencia, Spanish National Research Council, Jaime Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
| | - Hans R Schöler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany; Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Domagkstraße 3, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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9
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Hallmann AL, Araúzo-Bravo MJ, Zerfass C, Senner V, Ehrlich M, Psathaki OE, Han DW, Tapia N, Zaehres H, Schöler HR, Kuhlmann T, Hargus G. Comparative transcriptome analysis in induced neural stem cells reveals defined neural cell identities in vitro and after transplantation into the adult rodent brain. Stem Cell Res 2016; 16:776-81. [PMID: 27153350 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming technology enables the production of neural progenitor cells (NPCs) from somatic cells by direct transdifferentiation. However, little is known on how neural programs in these induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) differ from those of alternative stem cell populations in vitro and in vivo. Here, we performed transcriptome analyses on murine iNSCs in comparison to brain-derived neural stem cells (NSCs) and pluripotent stem cell-derived NPCs, which revealed distinct global, neural, metabolic and cell cycle-associated marks in these populations. iNSCs carried a hindbrain/posterior cell identity, which could be shifted towards caudal, partially to rostral but not towards ventral fates in vitro. iNSCs survived after transplantation into the rodent brain and exhibited in vivo-characteristics, neural and metabolic programs similar to transplanted NSCs. However, iNSCs vastly retained caudal identities demonstrating cell-autonomy of regional programs in vivo. These data could have significant implications for a variety of in vitro- and in vivo-applications using iNSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lena Hallmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marcos J Araúzo-Bravo
- Group of Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Christina Zerfass
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Volker Senner
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marc Ehrlich
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Dong Wook Han
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, 143701 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Natalia Tapia
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany; Institute of Biomedicine of Valencia, Spanish National Research Council (IBV-CSIC), Jaime Roig 11, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Holm Zaehres
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hans R Schöler
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gunnar Hargus
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, 10032 New York, USA.
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10
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Marthaler AG, Adachi K, Tiemann U, Wu G, Sabour D, Velychko S, Kleiter I, Schöler HR, Tapia N. Enhanced OCT4 transcriptional activity substitutes for exogenous SOX2 in cellular reprogramming. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19415. [PMID: 26762895 PMCID: PMC4725906 DOI: 10.1038/srep19415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenoviral early region 1A (E1A) is a viral gene that can promote cellular proliferation and de-differentiation in mammalian cells, features required for the reprogramming of somatic cells to a pluripotent state. E1A has been shown to interact with OCT4, and as a consequence, to increase OCT4 transcriptional activity. Indeed, E1A and OCT4 are sufficient to revert neuroepithelial hybrids to pluripotency, as demonstrated in previous cell fusion experiments. However, the role that E1A might play in the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) has not been investigated yet. In this report, we show that E1A can generate iPSCs in combination with OCT4 and KLF4, thus replacing exogenous SOX2. The generated iPSCs are bona fide pluripotent cells as shown by in vitro and in vivo tests. Overall, our study suggests that E1A might replace SOX2 through enhancing OCT4 transcriptional activity at the early stages of reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele G Marthaler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kenjiro Adachi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ulf Tiemann
- Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Guangming Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Davood Sabour
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Sergiy Velychko
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ingo Kleiter
- Department of Neurology, St Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Gudrunstraße 56, 44791 Bochum, Germany
| | - Hans R Schöler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Domagkstraße 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Natalia Tapia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany.,Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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11
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Tiemann U, Wu G, Marthaler AG, Schöler HR, Tapia N. Epigenetic Aberrations Are Not Specific to Transcription Factor-Mediated Reprogramming. Stem Cell Reports 2015; 6:35-43. [PMID: 26711876 PMCID: PMC4720011 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic cells can be reprogrammed to pluripotency using different methods. In comparison with pluripotent cells obtained through somatic nuclear transfer, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) exhibit a higher number of epigenetic errors. Furthermore, most of these abnormalities have been described to be intrinsic to the iPSC technology. Here, we investigate whether the aberrant epigenetic patterns detected in iPSCs are specific to transcription factor-mediated reprogramming. We used germline stem cells (GSCs), which are the only adult cell type that can be converted into pluripotent cells (gPSCs) under defined culture conditions, and compared GSC-derived iPSCs and gPSCs at the transcriptional and epigenetic level. Our results show that both reprogramming methods generate indistinguishable states of pluripotency. GSC-derived iPSCs and gPSCs retained similar levels of donor cell-type memory and exhibited comparable numbers of reprogramming errors. Therefore, our study demonstrates that the epigenetic abnormalities detected in iPSCs are not specific to transcription factor-mediated reprogramming. GSCs can be converted into iPSCs and into gPSCs under specific culture conditions iPSCs and gPSCs retain the same level of donor cell-type epigenetic memory Comparable numbers of reprogramming errors can be detected in iPSCs and gPSCs Epigenetic aberrations are not specific to transcription factor-mediated reprogramming
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Tiemann
- Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Guangming Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Adele Gabriele Marthaler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hans Robert Schöler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany; Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Domagkstraße 3, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Natalia Tapia
- Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
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12
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Tapia N, MacCarthy C, Esch D, Gabriele Marthaler A, Tiemann U, Araúzo-Bravo MJ, Jauch R, Cojocaru V, Schöler HR. Dissecting the role of distinct OCT4-SOX2 heterodimer configurations in pluripotency. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13533. [PMID: 26314899 PMCID: PMC4551974 DOI: 10.1038/srep13533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factors OCT4 and SOX2 are required for generating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and for maintaining embryonic stem cells (ESCs). OCT4 and SOX2 associate and bind to DNA in different configurations depending on the arrangement of their individual DNA binding elements. Here we have investigated the role of the different OCT4-SOX2-DNA assemblies in regulating and inducing pluripotency. To this end, we have generated SOX2 mutants that interfere with specific OCT4-SOX2 heterodimer configurations and assessed their ability to generate iPSCs and to rescue ESC self-renewal. Our results demonstrate that the OCT4-SOX2 configuration that dimerizes on a Hoxb1-like composite, a canonical element with juxtaposed individual binding sites, plays a more critical role in the induction and maintenance of pluripotency than any other OCT4-SOX2 configuration. Overall, the results of this study provide new insight into the protein interactions required to establish a de novo pluripotent network and to maintain a true pluripotent cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Tapia
- Heinrich Heine University, Faculty of Medicine, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Röntgentstraße, 20, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Caitlin MacCarthy
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Röntgentstraße, 20, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Daniel Esch
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Röntgentstraße, 20, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Adele Gabriele Marthaler
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Röntgentstraße, 20, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Ulf Tiemann
- Heinrich Heine University, Faculty of Medicine, Moorenstraße 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcos J Araúzo-Bravo
- Group of Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Doctor Begiristain s/n, 20014 San Sebastián, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Alameda Urquijo 36-5, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ralf Jauch
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, South China Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510530, China
| | - Vlad Cojocaru
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Röntgentstraße, 20, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Hans R Schöler
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Röntgentstraße, 20, Münster 48149, Germany
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13
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Joo JY, Choi HW, Kim MJ, Zaehres H, Tapia N, Stehling M, Jung KS, Tae Do J, Schöler HR. ERRATUM: Establishment of a primed pluripotent epiblast stem cell in FGF4-based conditions. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8180. [PMID: 25677799 PMCID: PMC4326698 DOI: 10.1038/srep08180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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14
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López-Iglesias P, Alcaina Y, Tapia N, Sabour D, Arauzo-Bravo MJ, Sainz de la Maza D, Berra E, O'Mara AN, Nistal M, Ortega S, Donovan PJ, Schöler HR, De Miguel MP. Hypoxia induces pluripotency in primordial germ cells by HIF1α stabilization and Oct4 deregulation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:205-23. [PMID: 25226357 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To study the mechanisms of pluripotency induction, we compared gene expression in pluripotent embryonic germ cells (EGCs) and unipotent primordial germ cells (PGCs). RESULTS We found 11 genes ≥1.5-fold overexpressed in EGCs. None of the genes identified was the Yamanaka genes but instead related to glycolytic metabolism. The prospect of pluripotency induction by cell metabolism manipulation was investigated by hypoxic culturing. Hypoxia induced a glycolytic program in PGCs in detriment of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. We demonstrate that hypoxia alone induces reprogramming in PGCs, giving rise to hypoxia-induced EGC-like cells (hiEGLs), which differentiate into cells of the three germ layers in vitro and contribute to the internal cell mass of the blastocyst in vivo, demonstrating pluripotency. The mechanism of hypoxia induction involves HIF1α stabilization and Oct4 deregulation. However, hiEGL cannot be passaged long term. Self-renewal capacity is not achieved by hypoxia likely due to the lack of upregulation of c-Myc and Klf4. Gene expression analysis of hypoxia signaling suggests that hiEGLs have not reached the stabilization phase of cell reprogramming. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION Our data suggest that the two main properties of stemness, pluripotency and self-renewal, are differentially regulated in PGC reprogramming induced by hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar López-Iglesias
- 1 Cell Engineering Laboratory, IdiPaz, La Paz Hospital Research Institute , Madrid Spain
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15
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Joo JY, Choi HW, Kim MJ, Zaehres H, Tapia N, Stehling M, Jung KS, Do JT, Schöler HR. Establishment of a primed pluripotent epiblast stem cell in FGF4-based conditions. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7477. [PMID: 25515008 PMCID: PMC4268649 DOI: 10.1038/srep07477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Several mouse pluripotent stem cell types have been established either from mouse blastocysts and epiblasts. Among these, embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are considered to represent a “naïve”, epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) a “primed” pluripotent state. Although EpiSCs form derivatives of all three germ layers during invitro differentiation, they rarely incorporate into the inner cell mass of blastocysts and rarely contribute to chimera formation following blastocyst injection. Here we successfully established homogeneous population of EpiSC lines with efficient chimera-forming capability using a medium containing fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-4. The expression levels of Rex1 and Nanog was very low although Oct4 level is comparable to ESCs. EpiSCs also expressed higher levels of epiblast markers, such as Cer1, Eomes, Fgf5, Sox17, and T, and further showed complete DNA methylation of Stella and Dppa5 promoters. However, the EpiSCs were clustered separately from E3 and T9 EpiSC lines and showed a completely different global gene expression pattern to ESCs. Furthermore, the EpiSCs were able to differentiate into all three germ layers in vitro and efficiently formed teratomas and chimeric embryos (21.4%) without germ-line contribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Joo
- 1] Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany [2] Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea [3] Infertility Clinic Center, Haesung Hospital, Chun An 331-950, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Choi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Holm Zaehres
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Natalia Tapia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Stehling
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Koo Sung Jung
- Infertility Clinic Center, Haesung Hospital, Chun An 331-950, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Tae Do
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hans R Schöler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
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16
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Hong JY, Lee SH, Lee SC, Kim JW, Kim KP, Kim SM, Tapia N, Lim KT, Kim J, Ahn HS, Ko K, Shin CY, Lee HT, Schöler HR, Hyun JK, Han DW. Therapeutic potential of induced neural stem cells for spinal cord injury. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:32512-25. [PMID: 25294882 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.588871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The spinal cord does not spontaneously regenerate, and treatment that ensures functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) is still not available. Recently, fibroblasts have been directly converted into induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) by the forced expression defined transcription factors. Although directly converted iNSCs have been considered to be a cell source for clinical applications, their therapeutic potential has not yet been investigated. Here we show that iNSCs directly converted from mouse fibroblasts enhance the functional recovery of SCI animals. Engrafted iNSCs could differentiate into all neuronal lineages, including different subtypes of mature neurons. Furthermore, iNSC-derived neurons could form synapses with host neurons, thus enhancing the locomotor function recovery. A time course analysis of iNSC-treated SCI animals revealed that engrafted iNSCs effectively reduced the inflammatory response and apoptosis in the injured area. iNSC transplantation also promoted the active regeneration of the endogenous recipient environment in the absence of tumor formation. Therefore, our data suggest that directly converted iNSCs hold therapeutic potential for treatment of SCI and may thus represent a promising cell source for transplantation therapy in patients with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Hong
- From the Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21PLUS NBM Global Research Center, Dankook University Graduate School, Cheonan 330714, Republic of Korea, the Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 330714, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Jong-Wan Kim
- From the Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21PLUS NBM Global Research Center, Dankook University Graduate School, Cheonan 330714, Republic of Korea, the Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 330714, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee-Pyo Kim
- the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | - Natalia Tapia
- the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Hong-Sun Ahn
- From the Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21PLUS NBM Global Research Center, Dankook University Graduate School, Cheonan 330714, Republic of Korea, the Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 330714, Republic of Korea
| | - Kinarm Ko
- the Departments of Stem Cell Biology and
| | - Chan Young Shin
- Pharmacology, School of Medicine, and the Konkuk University Open-Innovation Center, Institute of Biomedical Science & Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143701, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Hans R Schöler
- the Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany, the University of Münster, Medical Faculty, 48149 Münster, Germany, and
| | - Jung Keun Hyun
- From the Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21PLUS NBM Global Research Center, Dankook University Graduate School, Cheonan 330714, Republic of Korea, the Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering, Dankook University, Cheonan 330714, Republic of Korea, the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 330714, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Han
- the Departments of Stem Cell Biology and the Konkuk University Open-Innovation Center, Institute of Biomedical Science & Technology, Konkuk University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143701, Republic of Korea,
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17
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Sabour D, Xu X, Chung ACK, Le Menuet D, Ko K, Tapia N, Araúzo-Bravo MJ, Gentile L, Greber B, Hübner K, Sebastiano V, Wu G, Schöler HR, Cooney AJ. Germ cell nuclear factor regulates gametogenesis in developing gonads. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103985. [PMID: 25140725 PMCID: PMC4139263 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Expression of germ cell nuclear factor (GCNF; Nr6a1), an orphan member of the nuclear receptor gene family of transcription factors, during gastrulation and neurulation is critical for normal embryogenesis in mice. Gcnf represses the expression of the POU-domain transcription factor Oct4 (Pou5f1) during mouse post-implantation development. Although Gcnf expression is not critical for the embryonic segregation of the germ cell lineage, we found that sexually dimorphic expression of Gcnf in germ cells correlates with the expression of pluripotency-associated genes, such as Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog, as well as the early meiotic marker gene Stra8. To elucidate the role of Gcnf during mouse germ cell differentiation, we generated an ex vivo Gcnf-knockdown model in combination with a regulated CreLox mutation of Gcnf. Lack of Gcnf impairs normal spermatogenesis and oogenesis in vivo, as well as the derivation of germ cells from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) in vitro. Inactivation of the Gcnf gene in vivo leads to loss of repression of Oct4 expression in both male and female gonads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davood Sabour
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Xueping Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Arthur C. K. Chung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases and Molecular Therapies, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Damien Le Menuet
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- INSERM, U693, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Sud, Paris, France
| | - Kinarm Ko
- Center for Stem Cell Research, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Natalia Tapia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Marcos J. Araúzo-Bravo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
- Group of Computational Biology and Systems Biomedicine, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Luca Gentile
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Boris Greber
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Karin Hübner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Vittorio Sebastiano
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Guangming Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans R. Schöler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
- Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- * E-mail: (AJC); (HRS)
| | - Austin J. Cooney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AJC); (HRS)
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18
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Fischedick G, Wu G, Adachi K, Araúzo-Bravo MJ, Greber B, Radstaak M, Köhler G, Tapia N, Iacone R, Anastassiadis K, Schöler HR, Zaehres H. Nanog induces hyperplasia without initiating tumors. Stem Cell Res 2014; 13:300-15. [PMID: 25173648 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Though expression of the homeobox transcription factor Nanog is generally restricted to pluripotent cells and early germ cells, many contradictory reports about Nanog's involvement in tumorigenesis exist. To address this, a modified Tet-On system was utilized to generate Nanog-inducible mice. Following prolonged Nanog expression, phenotypic alterations were found to be restricted to the intestinal tract, leaving other major organs unaffected. Intestinal and colonic epithelium hyperplasia was observed-intestinal villi had doubled in length and hyperplastic epithelium outgrowths were seen after 7days. Increased proliferation of crypt cells and downregulation of the tumor suppressors Cdx2 and Klf4 was detected. ChIP analysis showed physical interaction of Nanog with the Cdx2 and Klf4 promoters, indicating a regulatory conservation from embryonic development. Despite downregulation of tumor suppressors and increased proliferation, ectopic Nanog expression did not lead to tumor formation. We conclude that unlike other pluripotency-related transcription factors, Nanog cannot be considered an oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Fischedick
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany; University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, Domagstrasse 3, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Guangming Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kenjiro Adachi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marcos J Araúzo-Bravo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany; Biodonostia Health Research Institute, 20014 San Sebastián, and IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Boris Greber
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Martina Radstaak
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gabriele Köhler
- University of Münster, Gerhard-Domagk-Institut for Pathology, Domagkstraße 17, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Natalia Tapia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Roberto Iacone
- Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, 01307 Dresden, Germany; F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Pharma Research and Early Development Discovery Technologies, 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Konstantinos Anastassiadis
- Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Tatzberg 47-51, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans R Schöler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany; University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, Domagstrasse 3, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Holm Zaehres
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
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19
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Hemmer K, Zhang M, van Wüllen T, Sakalem M, Tapia N, Baumuratov A, Kaltschmidt C, Kaltschmidt B, Schöler HR, Zhang W, Schwamborn JC. Induced neural stem cells achieve long-term survival and functional integration in the adult mouse brain. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 3:423-31. [PMID: 25241741 PMCID: PMC4265999 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Differentiated cells can be converted directly into multipotent neural stem cells (i.e., induced neural stem cells [iNSCs]). iNSCs offer an attractive alternative to induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology with regard to regenerative therapies. Here, we show an in vivo long-term analysis of transplanted iNSCs in the adult mouse brain. iNSCs showed sound in vivo long-term survival rates without graft overgrowths. The cells displayed a neural multilineage potential with a clear bias toward astrocytes and a permanent downregulation of progenitor and cell-cycle markers, indicating that iNSCs are not predisposed to tumor formation. Furthermore, the formation of synaptic connections as well as neuronal and glial electrophysiological properties demonstrated that differentiated iNSCs migrated, functionally integrated, and interacted with the existing neuronal circuitry. We conclude that iNSC long-term transplantation is a safe procedure; moreover, it might represent an interesting tool for future personalized regenerative applications. In vivo long-term survival of transplanted induced neural stem cells Lack of tumorigenic outgrowth In vivo multilineage differentiation of transplanted iNSCs Functional integration, synapse formation, and electrophysiological activity
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Hemmer
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration Group, Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Mingyue Zhang
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Thea van Wüllen
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration Group, Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marna Sakalem
- Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration Group, Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Natalia Tapia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Aidos Baumuratov
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bielefeld, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans R Schöler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Weiqi Zhang
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Laboratory for Molecular Psychiatry, Westfälische Wilhelms-University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jens C Schwamborn
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; Stem Cell Biology and Regeneration Group, Institute of Cell Biology, ZMBE, Westfälische Wilhelms-University Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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20
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Tiemann U, Marthaler AG, Adachi K, Wu G, Fischedick GUL, Araúzo-Bravo MJ, Schöler HR, Tapia N. Counteracting activities of OCT4 and KLF4 during reprogramming to pluripotency. Stem Cell Reports 2014; 2:351-65. [PMID: 24672757 PMCID: PMC3964287 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiated cells can be reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) after overexpressing four transcription factors, of which Oct4 is essential. To elucidate the role of Oct4 during reprogramming, we investigated the immediate transcriptional response to inducible Oct4 overexpression in various somatic murine cell types using microarray analysis. By downregulating somatic-specific genes, Oct4 induction influenced each transcriptional program in a unique manner. A significant upregulation of pluripotent markers could not be detected. Therefore, OCT4 facilitates reprogramming by interfering with the somatic transcriptional network rather than by directly initiating a pluripotent gene-expression program. Finally, Oct4 overexpression upregulated the gene Mgarp in all the analyzed cell types. Strikingly, Mgarp expression decreases during the first steps of reprogramming due to a KLF4-dependent inhibition. At later stages, OCT4 counteracts the repressive activity of KLF4, thereby enhancing Mgarp expression. We show that this temporal expression pattern is crucial for the efficient generation of iPSCs. OCT4 interferes with somatic transcriptional networks in a cell-type-specific manner OCT4 does not activate the pluripotent program at the early stages of reprogramming OCT4 and KLF4 regulate Mgarp transcriptional activity in an antagonistic manner A specific time pattern of Mgarp expression is crucial for inducing pluripotency
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Tiemann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Adele Gabriele Marthaler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kenjiro Adachi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Guangming Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Gerrit Ulf Lennart Fischedick
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Marcos Jesús Araúzo-Bravo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Hans Robert Schöler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Natalia Tapia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Marthaler AG, Tiemann U, Araúzo-Bravo MJ, Wu G, Zaehres H, Hyun JK, Han DW, Schöler HR, Tapia N. Reprogramming to pluripotency through a somatic stem cell intermediate. PLoS One 2013; 8:e85138. [PMID: 24386457 PMCID: PMC3874029 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor-based reprogramming can lead to the successful switching of cell fates. We have recently reported that mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) can be directly reprogrammed into induced neural stem cells (iNSCs) after the forced expression of Brn4, Sox2, Klf4, and Myc. Here, we tested whether iNSCs could be further reprogrammed into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The two factors Oct4 and Klf4 were sufficient to induce pluripotency in iNSCs. Immunocytochemistry and gene expression analysis showed that iNSC-derived iPSCs (iNdiPSCs) are similar to embryonic stem cells at the molecular level. In addition, iNdiPSCs could differentiate into cells of all three germ layers, both in vitro and in vivo, proving that iNdiPSCs are bona fide pluripotent cells. Furthermore, analysis of the global gene expression profile showed that iNdiPSCs, in contrast to iNSCs, do not retain any MEF transcriptional memory even at early passages after reprogramming. Overall, our results demonstrate that iNSCs can be reprogrammed to pluripotency and suggest that cell fate can be redirected numerous times. Importantly, our findings indicate that the induced pluripotent cell state may erase the donor-cell type epigenetic memory more efficiently than other induced somatic cell fates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele G. Marthaler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Ulf Tiemann
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Marcos J. Araúzo-Bravo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Guangming Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Holm Zaehres
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Jung Keun Hyun
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University Graduate School, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Dandook University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Han
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hans R. Schöler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
- Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Natalia Tapia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Han DW, Tapia N, Araúzo-Bravo MJ, Lim KT, Kim KP, Ko K, Lee HT, Schöler HR. Sox2 Level Is a Determinant of Cellular Reprogramming Potential. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67594. [PMID: 23825671 PMCID: PMC3688988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs) differ in their in vivo differentiation potential. While ESCs form teratomas and efficiently contribute to the development of chimeras, EpiSCs form teratomas but very rarely chimeras. In contrast to their differentiation potential, the reprogramming potential of EpiSCs has not yet been investigated. Here we demonstrate that the epiblast-derived pluripotent stem cells EpiSCs and P19 embryonal carcinoma cells (ECCs) exhibit a lower reprogramming potential than ESCs and F9 ECCs. In addition, we show that the low reprogramming ability is due to the lower levels of Sox2 in epiblast-derived stem cells. Consistent with this observation, overexpression of Sox2 enhances reprogramming efficiency. In summary, these findings suggest that a low reprogramming potential is a general feature of epiblast-derived stem cells and that the Sox2 level is a determinant of the cellular reprogramming potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wook Han
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Functional Genomics, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Natalia Tapia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Marcos J. Araúzo-Bravo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Kyung Tae Lim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Pyo Kim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Kinarm Ko
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Functional Genomics, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Taek Lee
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hans R. Schöler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
- University of Münster, Medical Faculty, Münster, Germany
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Abstract
Adult stem cells are responsible for the cellular turnover of many organs, and an impairment in their function leads to aging and disease. In efforts to reverse the process of tissue stem cell aging, we speculate on the promise and challenges of in vivo direct reprogramming strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Tapia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dong Wook Han
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, SMART Institute of Advanced Biomedical Science, Konkuk University, 1 Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Hans R Schöler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstraße 20, 48149 Münster, Germany; University of Münster, Medical Faculty, Domagkstrasse 3, 48149 Münster, Germany.
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Ko K, Wu G, Araúzo-Bravo MJ, Kim J, Francine J, Greber B, Mühlisch J, Joo JY, Sabour D, Frühwald MC, Tapia N, Schöler HR. Autologous pluripotent stem cells generated from adult mouse testicular biopsy. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2012; 8:435-44. [PMID: 21858421 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-011-9307-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kinarm Ko
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
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Fischedick G, Klein DC, Wu G, Esch D, Höing S, Han DW, Reinhardt P, Hergarten K, Tapia N, Schöler HR, Sterneckert JL. Zfp296 is a novel, pluripotent-specific reprogramming factor. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34645. [PMID: 22485183 PMCID: PMC3317644 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of the four transcription factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc (OSKM) is sufficient to reprogram somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem (iPSCs). However, this process is slow and inefficient compared with the fusion of somatic cells with embryonic stem cells (ESCs), indicating that ESCs express additional factors that can enhance the efficiency of reprogramming. We had previously developed a method to detect and isolate early neural induction intermediates during the differentiation of mouse ESCs. Using the gene expression profiles of these intermediates, we identified 23 ESC-specific transcripts and tested each for the ability to enhance iPSC formation. Of the tested factors, zinc finger protein 296 (Zfp296) led to the largest increase in mouse iPSC formation. We confirmed that Zfp296 was specifically expressed in pluripotent stem cells and germ cells. Zfp296 in combination with OSKM induced iPSC formation earlier and more efficiently than OSKM alone. Through mouse chimera and teratoma formation, we demonstrated that the resultant iPSCs were pluripotent. We showed that Zfp296 activates transcription of the Oct4 gene via the germ cell–specific conserved region 4 (CR4), and when overexpressed in mouse ESCs leads to upregulation of Nanog expression and downregulation of the expression of differentiation markers, including Sox17, Eomes, and T, which is consistent with the observation that Zfp296 enhances the efficiency of reprogramming. In contrast, knockdown of Zfp296 in ESCs leads to the expression of differentiation markers. Finally, we demonstrated that expression of Zfp296 in ESCs inhibits, but does not block, differentiation into neural cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerrit Fischedick
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Diana C. Klein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Guangming Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Daniel Esch
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Höing
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Dong Wook Han
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter Reinhardt
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Kerstin Hergarten
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Natalia Tapia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans R. Schöler
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
- University of Münster, Faculty of Medicine, Münster, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Jared L. Sterneckert
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
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Han DW, Tapia N, Hermann A, Hemmer K, Höing S, Araúzo-Bravo MJ, Zaehres H, Wu G, Frank S, Moritz S, Greber B, Yang JH, Lee HT, Schwamborn JC, Storch A, Schöler HR. Direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into neural stem cells by defined factors. Cell Stem Cell 2012; 10:465-72. [PMID: 22445517 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2012.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 416] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that defined sets of transcription factors can directly reprogram differentiated somatic cells to a different differentiated cell type without passing through a pluripotent state, but the restricted proliferative and lineage potential of the resulting cells limits the scope of their potential applications. Here we show that a combination of transcription factors (Brn4/Pou3f4, Sox2, Klf4, c-Myc, plus E47/Tcf3) induces mouse fibroblasts to directly acquire a neural stem cell identity-which we term as induced neural stem cells (iNSCs). Direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into iNSCs is a gradual process in which the donor transcriptional program is silenced over time. iNSCs exhibit cell morphology, gene expression, epigenetic features, differentiation potential, and self-renewing capacity, as well as in vitro and in vivo functionality similar to those of wild-type NSCs. We conclude that differentiated cells can be reprogrammed directly into specific somatic stem cell types by defined sets of specific transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wook Han
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.
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Abstract
Several research groups have claimed to have successfully generated pluripotent or multipotent cells from human testis. However, the pluripotent character of those cells with respect to gene expression profile and ability to generate teratomas has been called into question. Here, we critically review these reports and provide insight to guide future studies on the derivation of human pluripotent cells from testicular tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Tapia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
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28
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Ko K, Reinhardt P, Tapia N, Schneider RK, Araúzo-Bravo MJ, Han DW, Greber B, Kim J, Kliesch S, Zenke M, Schöler HR. Brief Report: Evaluating the Potential of Putative Pluripotent Cells Derived from Human Testis. Stem Cells 2011; 29:1304-9. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Abstract
The tumor suppressor gene p53 prevents the initiation of tumor formation by inducing cell cycle arrest, senescence, DNA repair, and apoptosis. Recently, the absence or mutation of p53 was described to facilitate nuclear reprogramming. These findings suggest an influence of p53 on the de-differentiation process, and highlight the similarities between induction of pluripotency and tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Tapia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster 48149, Germany
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Han DW, Tapia N, Joo JY, Greber B, Araúzo-Bravo MJ, Bernemann C, Ko K, Wu G, Stehling M, Do JT, Schöler HR. Epiblast stem cell subpopulations represent mouse embryos of distinct pregastrulation stages. Cell 2010; 143:617-27. [PMID: 21056461 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2010.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/12/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) comprise at least two populations of cells with divergent states of pluripotency. Here, we show that epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) also comprise two distinct cell populations that can be distinguished by the expression of a specific Oct4-GFP marker. These two subpopulations, Oct4-GFP positive and negative EpiSCs, are capable of converting into each other in vitro. Oct4-GFP positive and negative EpiSCs are distinct from ESCs with respect to global gene expression pattern, epigenetic profile, and Oct4 enhancer utilization. Oct4-GFP negative cells share features with cells of the late mouse epiblast and cannot form chimeras. However, Oct4-GFP positive EpiSCs, which only represent a minor EpiSC fraction, resemble cells of the early epiblast and can readily contribute to chimeras. Our findings suggest that the rare ability of EpiSCs to contribute to chimeras is due to the presence of the minor EpiSC fraction representing the early epiblast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wook Han
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Tapia N, Schöler HR. p53 connects tumorigenesis and reprogramming to pluripotency. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2010. [DOI: 10.1083/jcb1911oia2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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32
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Sebastiano V, Dalvai M, Gentile L, Schubart K, Sutter J, Wu GM, Tapia N, Esch D, Ju JY, Hübner K, Bravo MJA, Schöler HR, Cavaleri F, Matthias P. Oct1 regulates trophoblast development during early mouse embryogenesis. Development 2010; 137:3551-60. [PMID: 20876643 DOI: 10.1242/dev.047027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Oct1 (Pou2f1) is a transcription factor of the POU-homeodomain family that is unique in being ubiquitously expressed in both embryonic and adult mouse tissues. Although its expression profile suggests a crucial role in multiple regions of the developing organism, the only essential function demonstrated so far has been the regulation of cellular response to oxidative and metabolic stress. Here, we describe a loss-of-function mouse model for Oct1 that causes early embryonic lethality, with Oct1-null embryos failing to develop beyond the early streak stage. Molecular and morphological analyses of Oct1 mutant embryos revealed a failure in the establishment of a normal maternal-embryonic interface due to reduced extra-embryonic ectoderm formation and lack of the ectoplacental cone. Oct1(-/-) blastocysts display proper segregation of trophectoderm and inner cell mass lineages. However, Oct1 loss is not compatible with trophoblast stem cell derivation. Importantly, the early gastrulation defect caused by Oct1 disruption can be rescued in a tetraploid complementation assay. Oct1 is therefore primarily required for the maintenance and differentiation of the trophoblast stem cell compartment during early post-implantation development. We present evidence that Cdx2, which is expressed at high levels in trophoblast stem cells, is a direct transcriptional target of Oct1. Our data also suggest that Oct1 is required in the embryo proper from late gastrulation stages onwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Sebastiano
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Röntgenstrasse, 20 48149 Münster, Germany
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Greber B, Wu G, Bernemann C, Joo JY, Han DW, Ko K, Tapia N, Sabour D, Sterneckert J, Tesar P, Schöler HR. Conserved and divergent roles of FGF signaling in mouse epiblast stem cells and human embryonic stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2010; 6:215-26. [PMID: 20207225 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2010.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 273] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2009] [Revised: 11/30/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mouse epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) are cultured with FGF2 and Activin A, like human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), but the action of the associated pathways in EpiSCs has not been well characterized. Here, we show that activation of the Activin pathway promotes self-renewal of EpiSCs via direct activation of Nanog, whereas inhibition of this pathway induces neuroectodermal differentiation, like in hESCs. In contrast, the different roles of FGF signaling appear to be only partially conserved in the mouse. Our data suggest that FGF2 fails to cooperate with SMAD2/3 signaling in actively promoting EpiSC self-renewal through Nanog, in contrast to its role in hESCs. Rather, FGF appears to stabilize the epiblast state by dual inhibition of differentiation to neuroectoderm and of media-induced reversion to a mouse embryonic stem cell-like state. Our data extend the current model of cell fate decisions concerning EpiSCs by clarifying the distinct roles played by FGF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Greber
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Röntgenstrasse 20, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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Ko K, Tapia N, Wu G, Kim JB, Bravo MJA, Sasse P, Glaser T, Ruau D, Han DW, Greber B, Hausdörfer K, Sebastiano V, Stehling M, Fleischmann BK, Brüstle O, Zenke M, Schöler HR. Induction of pluripotency in adult unipotent germline stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 2009; 5:87-96. [PMID: 19570517 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2009.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2009] [Revised: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mouse and human stem cells with features similar to those of embryonic stem cells have been derived from testicular cells. Although pluripotent stem cells have been obtained from defined germline stem cells (GSCs) of mouse neonatal testis, only multipotent stem cells have been obtained so far from defined cells of mouse adult testis. In this study we describe a robust and reproducible protocol for obtaining germline-derived pluripotent stem (gPS) cells from adult unipotent GSCs. Pluripotency of gPS cells was confirmed by in vitro and in vivo differentiation, including germ cell contribution and transmission. As determined by clonal analyses, gPS cells indeed originate from unipotent GSCs. We propose that the conversion process requires a GSC culture microenvironment that depends on the initial number of plated GSCs and the length of culture time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinarm Ko
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster 48149, Germany
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Masson P, De Luca G, Tapia N, Le Pommelet C, Es Sathi A, Touati K, Tizeggaghine A, Quetin P. [Postnatal investigation and outcome of isolated fetal renal pelvis dilatation]. Arch Pediatr 2009; 16:1103-10. [PMID: 19541461 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2009.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Revised: 01/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/01/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognosis of fetal renal pelvis dilatation in relation to the degree of prenatal dilatation and the postnatal ultrasonography assessment. Based on these results, an algorithm is proposed for the choice of postnatal investigations and follow-up in children with fetal renal pelvis dilatation. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted prospectively among 10,677 newborns in Avignon over a nearly 5-year period. Infants with an anteroposterior pelvic diameter (APPD) 5mm or greater in the second trimester were enrolled with a threshold for the normal renal pelvis dimensions increasing with advancing gestation. Prenatal ultrasound was correlated with the results of postnatal investigation and frequency of surgical uropathy was established. RESULTS Pyelectasis was found in 1% of pregnancies and among 100 infants whose cases were followed, 23 (23%) had uropathies (seven isolated pelviureteric junction obstruction [PUJ], nine isolated vesicoureteral reflux [VUR], three VUR+PUJ, two duplicity, one obstructive megaureter, and one multicystic dysplastic kidney). The largest group of fetuses (66/100) had minor fetal pyelectasis of less than 10mm: in this group, 90% of the infants had no uropathy and there was no surgery. Six of 34 (17%) in the moderate (APPD> or =10 and<15mm) and severe (APPD> or =15mm) fetal pyelectasis groups required surgery, especially those with progressive PUJ obstructions. When postnatal ultrasound was normal in 64 infants (64%), there were only three mild or moderate (grades I-III), asymptomatic, and spontaneously resolving VUR. When pyelectasis was isolated and 10mm< or =APPD<15mm, cystourethrography was normal in 70% of the cases and only four cases of spontaneously resolving VUR were found. Among 23 infants with uropathies, six of 23 required surgery (26%), especially PUJ stenosis (5/6) with APPD greater than 15mm. In the total population of fetal pyelectasis, postnatal ultrasound predicted renal abnormalities with a sensitivity of 87% and a negative predictive value of 95%. CONCLUSION Normal neonatal ultrasound rarely coexists with significant abnormal findings and there seems to be no need for additional investigations when postnatal echography is normal. Cystourethrography can be delayed when pyelectasis is isolated with 10mm< or =APPD<15mm. Isolated and uninfected cases of VUR do not require surgery and all mild and moderate cases of VUR spontaneously resolved. All PUJ stenoses with APPD greater than 15mm required surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Masson
- Service de néonatalogie, hôpital Henri-Duffaut, 305, rue Raoul-Follereau, 84902 Avignon cedex 9, France.
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Tapia N, Fernàndez G, Parera M, Gómez-Mariano G, Clotet B, Quiñones-Mateu M, Domingo E, Martínez MA. Combination of a mutagenic agent with a reverse transcriptase inhibitor results in systematic inhibition of HIV-1 infection. Virology 2005; 338:1-8. [PMID: 15939449 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2005] [Revised: 03/29/2005] [Accepted: 05/06/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mutagenic treatments resulted in occasional, not systematic, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) extinction. To study the possibility that a combination of an antiretroviral inhibitor, to reduce the viral replicative load, and a mutagenic agent could be more effective in producing viral extinction than a mutagenic agent alone, we have compared the efficiency of extinction of HIV-1 by the mutagenic deoxyribonucleoside analogue 5-hydroxydeoxycytidine (5-OHdC) alone and in combination with the HIV-1 nucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor AZT. Serial passages in peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMC) or MT-4 cells of primary HIV-1 isolates or HIV-1 NL4-3 in the presence of a single drug (AZT 0.01 microM or 5-OHdC 2 mM) failed to systematically extinguish high fitness HIV-1 replication after 16 serial transfers. However, systematic extinction of HIV-1 was observed when a combination of the mutagenic agent 5-OHdC and AZT was used. These results demonstrate that combinations of mutagenic agents and antiretroviral inhibitors have the potential to drive HIV-1 into extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Tapia
- Fundacio irsiCaixa, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
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37
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Puerta-Fernández E, Barroso-del Jesus A, Romero-López C, Tapia N, Martínez MA, Berzal-Herranz A. Inhibition of HIV-1 replication by RNA targeted against the LTR region. AIDS 2005; 19:863-70. [PMID: 15905666 DOI: 10.1097/01.aids.0000171399.77500.e0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The use of small RNA molecules able to effect gene inactivation has emerged as a powerful method of gene therapy. These small inhibitory RNAs are widely used for silencing malignant cellular and viral genes. We have assayed a series of inhibitory RNAs named catalytic antisense RNAs, consisting of a catalytic domain, hairpin or hammerhead ribozyme, and an antisense domain. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of these inhibitory RNAs on HIV-1 replication. METHODS A series of expression vectors has been constructed for the intracellular synthesis of inhibitory RNAs, differing in the promoter that drives their synthesis. These inhibitory RNAs were designed to act at two possible cleavage sites in the long terminal repeat (LTR) region and the TAR domain was chosen as a target for the antisense domain. We have evaluated the effects of different inhibitory RNAs in HIV replication via changes in p24 antigen levels. Mobility shift assays have been used to check the binding capacity of inhibitory RNAs. RESULTS Catalytic antisense RNA designed to target the LTR region of HIV-1 inhibited viral replication in an eukaryotic cell environment by more than 90%. The conventional hairpin and hammerhead ribozymes, however, failed to inhibit viral replication. CONCLUSIONS The data provide preliminary evidence of a new class of inhibitory RNAs that can be used to block HIV replication. The results clearly show the importance of the ex vivo antisense effect in the inhibition achieved. A good correlation was found between the in vitro binding efficiency of the inhibitor RNA to the HIV-1 LTR and the inhibition of viral replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Puerta-Fernández
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, CSIC, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, Armilla, 18100 Granada, Spain
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Barroso-DelJesus A, Puerta-Fernández E, Tapia N, Romero-López C, Sánchez-Luque FJ, Martínez MA, Berzal-Herranz A. Inhibition of HIV-1 replication by an improved hairpin ribozyme that includes an RNA decoy. RNA Biol 2005; 2:75-9. [PMID: 17132944 DOI: 10.4161/rna.2.2.2044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
An anti-Tat hairpin ribozyme and a TAR RNA decoy were combined in one molecule. The chimeric molecule strongly inhibited HIV-1 replication (measured as changes in p24 levels in viral replication assays). The inhibitory action of the ribodecozyme (85%) was significantly greater than that shown by ribozyme and a non-catalytic variant carrying the functional decoy RNA domain (55% and 35%, respectively). This represents a significant improvement of the inhibitory efficiency of the ribozyme, suggesting there is an additive inhibitory effect on HIV-1 replication by the catalytic and decoy domains. This strategy could be used to create new inhibitor RNAs with enhanced in vivo performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Barroso-DelJesus
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra, CSIC, Parque Tecnológico de Ciencias de la Salud, Avda, del Conocimiento s/n, Granada, Spain
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39
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Cuestas E, Busso R, Barcudi S, Tapia N. [A case of a child with bad odor]. Medicina (B Aires) 2005; 65:341-4. [PMID: 16193714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The odor emitted by a patient may be one of the first major clues leading to an early diagnosis. Certain conditions produce a characteristic smell and several diseases are associated with a specific odor. We report an illustrative case and review olfactory physiology, the value of smell in physical examination, and finally discuss several illnesses associated with unusual odors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Cuestas
- Servicio de Pediatría y Neonatología, Hospital Privado de Córdoba, Naciones Unidas 346, 5016, Córdoba, Argentina.
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40
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Hernández-Cruz B, Tapia N, Villa-Romero AR, Reyes E, Cardiel MH. Risk factors associated with mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus. A case-control study in a tertiary care center in Mexico City. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2001; 19:395-401. [PMID: 11491494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the mortality risk factors in a group of Mexican patients with SLE. METHODS A case-control autopsy study in a tertiary care center in Mexico, City. Patients with SLE who died during 1958 to 1994 with an autopsy study were selected as cases, and alive patients matched by age (+/- 3 years), decade of SLE onset, and disease duration (+/- 5 years) were defined as controls. Clinical charts were reviewed looking at clinical variables. SLE disease activity was evaluated with the MexSledai index, and SLE disease severity with the Severity Index. Variables were classified as present at any moment during the follow-up and 3 months before death in cases or cut-off date in controls. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS matched univariate and multivariate analysis by multiple logistic regression were performed, and the results were presented as odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals (OR, 95%CI). RESULTS 76 matched pairs of patients were studied. Age, gender, and years offormal education were similar in the cases and controls. Variables associated with mortality three months before death were: lung involvement OR= 15.6, 95%CI (4.8-50.3), p<0.001; severe thrombocytopenia 9.6 (2.9-31.7), p<0.001; heart involvement 5.8 (2.6-13.0), p<0.001; and the severity index (cases 8.8 mu, 2.4 sigma vs controls 3.5, 2.0, respectively) 2.2 (1.5-3.4), p<0.001. Variables associated with mortality detected at any moment before death were kidney involvement 2.16 (1.09-4.29), p<0.02; the steroid therapeutic index 2.3 (1.2-4.5), p<0.001; number of previous admissions 2.4 (1.4-4.3), p<0.001; the MEX-SLEDAI index (cases 21.6 mu 6.3 sigma vs controls 12.6, 5.8), 1.2 (1.1-1.3), p<0.001; and the number of severe infections 14.4 (4.4-46.2), p<0.001. Protective variables were skin involvement 0.1 (0.3-0.6), p<0.001; daily dose of chloroquine (cases 3.9 mu, 24.1 sigma vs controls 39.4, 60.0 mg), p <0.0001 and the time from thefirst SLE symptom to the patient's demise or the cut-off date 0.7(0.6-0.9), p<0.001. Multiple logistic regression showed that the model which best explained mortality consisted of a severity index 2.6 (1.7-3.8), p<0.001; heart disease 6.5 (1.5-28.2), p=0.01, and steroid therapeutic index 3.3 (1.6-6.6), p=0.001. CONCLUSIONS An active SLE with multi-organic involvement, steroids and infections were associated with mortality in Mexican patients with lupus attended in a tertiary care center A protective effect of cutaneous disease and chloroquine use was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Hernández-Cruz
- Department of Internal Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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41
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Sapunar J, Quintana L, Ríos L, Tapia N, Villarroel M, Estrada P, Fonseca R, Gudenshwager H. [Validity of routine serum calcium measurements]. Rev Med Chil 1997; 125:567-74. [PMID: 9497578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The frequency of diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism increased dramatically with the advent of routine serum calcium measurements. The reliability of colorimetric serum calcium measurements is not well known. AIM To know the frequency of hyper and hypocalcemia in a population of healthy people and the reliability of serum calcium measurements. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Serum calcium was measured in 731 subjects participating in a preventive medical examination, using an automated colorimetric method. Serum albumin was also measured. In 31 randomly chosen serum samples, calcium was also measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Normal serum calcium ranges were established as the mean +/- 1.34 SD of the sample. RESULTS Mean serum calcium was 9 +/- 0.7 mg/dl, serum albumin was 4.3 +/- 0.5 g/dl and albumin corrected calcium levels were 8.7 +/- 0.7 mg/dl. Excluding lipemic sera, colorimetric calcium measurement had a correlation of 0.6 with atomic absorption spectrometry and a reliability of 17.9%. Using the proposed normal ranges (7.3-10.6 mg/dl), the frequency of hypercalcemia and hypocalcemia was 0.14 and 0.4% respectively. CONCLUSIONS Most subjects found to have hyper or hypocalcemia in this study were asymptomatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sapunar
- Dpto. de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la Frontera
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42
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Husserl F, Tapia N. Peritoneal Bleeding in a CAPD Patient after Extracorporeal Lithotripsy. Perit Dial Int 1987. [DOI: 10.1177/089686088700700415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F. Husserl
- Ochsner Clinic and Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation Department of Internal Medicine Section on Nephrology and the CAPD Program, 1516 Jefferson Highway New Orleans, LA 70]2]
| | - N. Tapia
- Ochsner Clinic and Alton Ochsner Medical Foundation Department of Internal Medicine Section on Nephrology and the CAPD Program, 1516 Jefferson Highway New Orleans, LA 70]2]
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