1
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Role of the TATA-box binding protein (TBP) and associated family members in transcription regulation. Gene X 2022; 833:146581. [PMID: 35597524 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The assembly of transcription complexes on eukaryotic promoters involves a series of steps, including chromatin remodeling, recruitment of TATA-binding protein (TBP)-containing complexes, the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme, and additional basal transcription factors. This review describes the transcriptional regulation by TBP and its corresponding homologs that constitute the TBP family and their interactions with promoter DNA. The C-terminal core domain of TBP is highly conserved and contains two structural repeats that fold into a saddle-like structure, essential for the interaction with the TATA-box on DNA. Based on the TBP C-terminal core domain similarity, three TBP-related factors (TRFs) or TBP-like factors (TBPLs) have been discovered in metazoans, TRF1, TBPL1, and TBPL2. TBP is autoregulated, and once bound to DNA, repressors such as Mot1 induce TBP to dissociate, while other factors such as NC2 and the NOT complex convert the active TBP/DNA complex into inactive, negatively regulating TBP. TFIIA antagonizes the TBP repressors but may be effective only in conjunction with the RNA polymerase II holoenzyme recruitment to the promoter by promoter-bound activators. TRF1 has been discovered inDrosophila melanogasterandAnophelesbut found absent in vertebrates and yeast. TBPL1 cannot bind to the TATA-box; instead, TBPL1 prefers binding to TATA-less promoters. However, TBPL1 shows a stronger association with TFIIA than TBP. The TCT core promoter element is present in most ribosomal protein genes inDrosophilaand humans, and TBPL1 is required for the transcription of these genes. TBP directly participates in the DNA repair mechanism, and TBPL1 mediates cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. TBPL2 is closely related to its TBP paralog, showing 95% sequence similarity with the TBP core domain. Like TBP, TBPL2 also binds to the TATA-box and shows interactions with TFIIA, TFIIB, and other basal transcription factors. Despite these advances, much remains to be explored in this family of transcription factors.
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2
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Wang J, Shi K, Wu Z, Zhang C, Li Y, Deng H, Zhao S, Deng W. Disruption of the interaction between TFIIAαβ and TFIIA recognition element inhibits RNA polymerase II gene transcription in a promoter context-dependent manner. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2020; 1863:194611. [PMID: 32745626 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
General transcription factors and core promoter elements play a pivotal role in RNA polymerase II (Pol II)-mediated transcription initiation. In the previous work, we have defined a TFIIA recognition element (IIARE) that modulates Pol II-directed gene transcription in a promoter context-dependent manner. However, how TFIIA interacts with the IIARE and whether the interaction between TFIIA and the IIARE is involved in the regulation of gene transcription by Pol II are not fully understood. In the present study, we confirm that both K348 and K350 residues in TFIIAαβ are required for the interaction between TFIIAαβ and the IIARE. Disruption of the interaction between them by gene mutations dampens TFIIAαβ binding to the AdML-IIARE promoter and the transcriptional activation of the promoter containing a IIARE in vitro and in vivo. Stable expression of the TFIIAαβ mutant containing both K348A and K350A in the cell line with endogenous TFIIAαβ silence represses endogenous gene expression by reducing the occupancies of TFIIAαβ, TBP, p300, and Pol II at the promoters containing a IIARE. The findings from this study provide a novel insight into the regulatory mechanism of gene transcription mediated by TFIIA and the IIARE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- School of Materials and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China; College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Kaituo Shi
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Zihui Wu
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yuan Li
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Huan Deng
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Shasha Zhao
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
| | - Wensheng Deng
- College of Life Science and Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China.
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3
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Rooney RJ. Multiple domains in the 50 kDa form of E4F1 regulate promoter-specific repression and E1A trans-activation. Gene 2020; 754:144882. [PMID: 32535047 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The 50 kDa N-terminal product of the cellular transcription factor E4F1 (p50E4F1) mediates E1A289R trans-activation of the adenovirus E4 gene, and suppresses E1A-mediated transformation by sensitizing cells to cell death. This report shows that while both E1A289R and E1A243R stimulate p50E4F1 DNA binding activity, E1A289R trans-activation, as measured using GAL-p50E4F1 fusion proteins, involves a p50E4F1 transcription regulatory (TR) region that must be promoter-bound and is dependent upon E1A CR3, CR1 and N-terminal domains. Trans-activation is promoter-specific, as GAL-p50E4F1 did not stimulate commonly used artificial promoters and was strongly repressive when competing against GAL-VP16. p50E4F1 and E1A289R stably associate in vivo using the p50E4F1 TR region and E1A CR3, although their association in vitro is indirect and paradoxically disrupted by MAP kinase phosphorylation of E1A289R, which stimulates E4 trans-activation in vivo. Multiple cellular proteins, including TBP, bind the p50E4F1 TR region in vitro. The mechanistic implications for p50E4F1 function are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Rooney
- Department of Genetics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
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4
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Schrenk C, Fetz V, Vallet C, Heiselmayer C, Schröder E, Hensel A, Hahlbrock A, Wünsch D, Goesswein D, Bier C, Habtemichael N, Schneider G, Stauber RH, Knauer SK. TFIIA transcriptional activity is controlled by a 'cleave-and-run' Exportin-1/Taspase 1-switch. J Mol Cell Biol 2018; 10:33-47. [PMID: 28992066 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjx025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor TFIIA is controlled by complex regulatory networks including proteolysis by the protease Taspase 1, though the full impact of cleavage remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate that in contrast to the general assumption, de novo produced TFIIA is rapidly confined to the cytoplasm via an evolutionary conserved nuclear export signal (NES, amino acids 21VINDVRDIFL30), interacting with the nuclear export receptor Exportin-1/chromosomal region maintenance 1 (Crm1). Chemical export inhibition or genetic inactivation of the NES not only promotes TFIIA's nuclear localization but also affects its transcriptional activity. Notably, Taspase 1 processing promotes TFIIA's nuclear accumulation by NES masking, and modulates its transcriptional activity. Moreover, TFIIA complex formation with the TATA box binding protein (TBP) is cooperatively enhanced by inhibition of proteolysis and nuclear export, leading to an increase of the cell cycle inhibitor p16INK, which is counteracted by prevention of TBP binding. We here identified a novel mechanism how proteolysis and nuclear transport cooperatively fine-tune transcriptional programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schrenk
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology/ENT, University Hospital of Mainz, 55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - Verena Fetz
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology/ENT, University Hospital of Mainz, 55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - Cecilia Vallet
- Molecular Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Christina Heiselmayer
- Molecular Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Schröder
- Molecular Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Astrid Hensel
- Molecular Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Angelina Hahlbrock
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology/ENT, University Hospital of Mainz, 55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - Désirée Wünsch
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology/ENT, University Hospital of Mainz, 55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - Dorothee Goesswein
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology/ENT, University Hospital of Mainz, 55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - Carolin Bier
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology/ENT, University Hospital of Mainz, 55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - Negusse Habtemichael
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology/ENT, University Hospital of Mainz, 55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - Günter Schneider
- University Hospital Klinikum rechts der Isar, II. Medizinische Klinik, Technical University München, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Roland H Stauber
- Molecular and Cellular Oncology/ENT, University Hospital of Mainz, 55101 Mainz, Germany
| | - Shirley K Knauer
- Molecular Biology, Centre for Medical Biotechnology (ZMB), University Duisburg-Essen, 45141 Essen, Germany
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5
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Gribko A, Hahlbrock A, Strieth S, Becker S, Hagemann J, Deichelbohrer M, Hildebrandt A, Habtemichael N, Wünsch D. Disease-relevant signalling-pathways in head and neck cancer: Taspase1's proteolytic activity fine-tunes TFIIA function. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14937. [PMID: 29097782 PMCID: PMC5668323 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14814-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the seventh most common malignancy in the world and its prevailing form, the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), is characterized as aggressive and invasive cancer type. The transcription factor II A (TFIIA), initially described as general regulator of RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription, is part of complex transcriptional networks also controlling mammalian head morphogenesis. Posttranslational cleavage of the TFIIA precursor by the oncologically relevant protease Taspase1 is crucial in this process. In contrast, the relevance of Taspase1-mediated TFIIA cleavage during oncogenesis of HNSCC is not characterized yet. Here, we performed genome-wide expression profiling of HNSCC which revealed significant downregulation of the TFIIA downstream target CDKN2A. To identify potential regulatory mechanisms of TFIIA on cellular level, we characterized nuclear-cytoplasmic transport and Taspase1-mediated cleavage of TFIIA variants. Unexpectedly, we identified an evolutionary conserved nuclear export signal (NES) counteracting nuclear localization and thus, transcriptional activity of TFIIA. Notably, proteolytic processing of TFIIA by Taspase1 was found to mask the NES, thereby promoting nuclear localization and transcriptional activation of TFIIA target genes, such as CDKN2A. Collectively, we here describe a hitherto unknown mechanism how cellular localization and Taspase1 cleavage fine-tunes transcriptional activity of TFIIA in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Gribko
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Hospital of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Mainz, 55101, Germany
| | - Angelina Hahlbrock
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Hospital of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Mainz, 55101, Germany
| | - Sebastian Strieth
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Hospital of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Mainz, 55101, Germany
| | - Sven Becker
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Hospital of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Mainz, 55101, Germany
| | - Jan Hagemann
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Hospital of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Mainz, 55101, Germany
| | - Max Deichelbohrer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Hospital of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Mainz, 55101, Germany
| | - Andreas Hildebrandt
- Scientific Computing and Bioinformatics, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudingerweg 9, Mainz, 55128, Germany
| | - Negusse Habtemichael
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Hospital of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Mainz, 55101, Germany
| | - D Wünsch
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University Hospital of Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Mainz, 55101, Germany.
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6
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Wang J, Zhao S, He W, Wei Y, Zhang Y, Pegg H, Shore P, Roberts SGE, Deng W. A transcription factor IIA-binding site differentially regulates RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription in a promoter context-dependent manner. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:11873-11885. [PMID: 28539359 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.770412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA polymerase II (pol II) is required for the transcription of all protein-coding genes and as such represents a major enzyme whose activity is tightly regulated. Transcriptional initiation therefore requires numerous general transcriptional factors and cofactors that associate with pol II at the core promoter to form a pre-initiation complex. Transcription factor IIA (TFIIA) is a general cofactor that binds TFIID and stabilizes the TFIID-DNA complex during transcription initiation. Previous studies showed that TFIIA can make contact with the DNA sequence upstream or downstream of the TATA box, and that the region bound by TFIIA could overlap with the elements recognized by another factor, TFIIB, at adenovirus major late core promoter. Whether core promoters contain a DNA motif recognized by TFIIA remains unknown. Here we have identified a core promoter element upstream of the TATA box that is recognized by TFIIA. A search of the human promoter database revealed that many natural promoters contain a TFIIA recognition element (IIARE). We show that the IIARE enhances TFIIA-promoter binding and enhances the activity of TATA-containing promoters, but represses or activates promoters that lack a TATA box. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that the IIARE activates transcription by increasing the recruitment of pol II, TFIIA, TAF4, and P300 at TATA-dependent promoters. These findings extend our understanding of the role of TFIIA in transcription, and provide new insights into the regulatory mechanism of core promoter elements in gene transcription by pol II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430065, China
| | - Shasha Zhao
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430065, China
| | - Wei He
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430065, China
| | - Yun Wei
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430065, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430065, China
| | - Henry Pegg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Shore
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan G E Roberts
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom.
| | - Wensheng Deng
- Institute of Biology and Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei Province 430065, China.
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7
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Suzuki H, Isogai M, Maeda R, Ura K, Tamura TA. TBP-like protein (TLP) interferes with Taspase1-mediated processing of TFIIA and represses TATA box gene expression. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 43:6285-98. [PMID: 26038314 PMCID: PMC4513858 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
TBP-TFIIA interaction is involved in the potentiation of TATA box-driven promoters. TFIIA activates transcription through stabilization of TATA box-bound TBP. The precursor of TFIIA is subjected to Taspase1-directed processing to generate α and β subunits. Although this processing has been assumed to be required for the promoter activation function of TFIIA, little is known about how the processing is regulated. In this study, we found that TBP-like protein (TLP), which has the highest affinity to TFIIA among known proteins, affects Taspase1-driven processing of TFIIA. TLP interfered with TFIIA processing in vivo and in vitro, and direct binding of TLP to TFIIA was essential for inhibition of the processing. We also showed that TATA box promoters are specifically potentiated by processed TFIIA. Processed TFIIA, but not unprocessed TFIIA, associated with the TATA box. In a TLP-knocked-down condition, not only the amounts of TATA box-bound TFIIA but also those of chromatin-bound TBP were significantly increased, resulting in the stimulation of TATA box-mediated gene expression. Consequently, we suggest that TLP works as a negative regulator of the TFIIA processing and represses TFIIA-governed and TATA-dependent gene expression through preventing TFIIA maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidefumi Suzuki
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoicho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Momoko Isogai
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoicho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Ryo Maeda
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoicho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kiyoe Ura
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoicho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Taka-Aki Tamura
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoicho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
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8
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Patel B, Kang Y, Cui K, Litt M, Riberio MSJ, Deng C, Salz T, Casada S, Fu X, Qiu Y, Zhao K, Huang S. Aberrant TAL1 activation is mediated by an interchromosomal interaction in human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2014; 28:349-61. [PMID: 23698277 PMCID: PMC10921969 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2013.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Long-range chromatin interactions control metazoan gene transcription. However, the involvement of intra- and interchromosomal interactions in development and oncogenesis remains unclear. TAL1/SCL is a critical transcription factor required for the development of all hematopoietic lineages; yet, aberrant TAL1 transcription often occurs in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Here, we report that oncogenic TAL1 expression is regulated by different intra- and interchromosomal loops in normal hematopoietic and leukemic cells, respectively. These intra- and interchromosomal loops alter the cell-type-specific enhancers that interact with the TAL1 promoter. We show that human SET1 (hSET1)-mediated H3K4 methylations promote a long-range chromatin loop, which brings the +51 enhancer in close proximity to TAL1 promoter 1 in erythroid cells. The CCCTC-binding factor (CTCF) facilitates this long-range enhancer/promoter interaction of the TAL1 locus in erythroid cells while blocking the same enhancer/promoter interaction of the TAL1 locus in human T-cell leukemia. In human T-ALL, a T-cell-specific transcription factor c-Maf-mediated interchromosomal interaction brings the TAL1 promoter into close proximity with a T-cell-specific regulatory element located on chromosome 16, activating aberrant TAL1 oncogene expression. Thus, our study reveals a novel molecular mechanism involving changes in three-dimensional chromatin interactions that activate the TAL1 oncogene in human T-cell leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Patel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Y Kang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - K Cui
- Center for System Biology, NHLBI, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M Litt
- Medical Education Center, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - MSJ Riberio
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - C Deng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - T Salz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - S Casada
- Medical Education Center, Ball State University, Muncie, IN, USA
| | - X Fu
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Y Qiu
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Shands Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - K Zhao
- Center for System Biology, NHLBI, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Shands Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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9
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H4R3 methylation facilitates beta-globin transcription by regulating histone acetyltransferase binding and H3 acetylation. Blood 2010; 115:2028-37. [PMID: 20068219 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-07-236059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone modifications play an important role in the process of transcription. However, in contrast to lysine methylation, the role of arginine methylation in chromatin structure and transcription has been underexplored. The globin genes are regulated by a highly organized chromatin structure that juxtaposes the locus control region (LCR) with downstream globin genes. We report here that the targeted recruitment of asymmetric dimethyl H4R3 catalyzed by PRMT1 (protein arginine methyltransferase 1) facilitates histone H3 acetylation on Lys9/Lys14. Dimethyl H4R3 provides a binding surface for P300/CBP-associated factor (PCAF) and directly enhances histone H3 acetylation in vitro. We show that these active modifications are essential for efficient interactions between the LCR and the beta(maj)-promoter as well as transcription of the beta-globin gene. Furthermore, knockdown (KD) of PRMT1 by RNA interference in erythroid progenitor cells prevents histone acetylation, enhancer and promoter interaction, and recruitment of transcription complexes to the active beta-globin promoter. Reintroducing rat PRMT1 into the PRMT1 KD MEL cells rescues PRMT1 binding, beta-globin transcription, and erythroid differentiation. Taken together, our data suggest that PRMT1-mediated dimethyl H4R3 facilitates histone acetylation and enhancer/promoter communications, which lead to the efficient recruitment of transcription preinitiation complexes to active promoters.
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10
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Ongeri EM, Verderame MF, Hammond JM. The TATA binding protein associated factor 4b (TAF4b) mediates FSH stimulation of the IGFBP-3 promoter in cultured porcine ovarian granulosa cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2007; 278:29-35. [PMID: 17888567 PMCID: PMC2211527 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2007.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2007] [Revised: 07/24/2007] [Accepted: 08/14/2007] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We have established the gene for IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) as a target for FSH action. FSH effects on this gene require the PKA pathway as well as the PI-3 kinase and MAPK pathways. At the IGFBP-3 promoter, FSH effects depend on a site for TATA box binding protein (TBP) and formation of a high molecular weight transcription complex. To further elucidate FSH effects on the downstream events involving the TBP site, we cloned a pig TAF4b cDNA into a P-Flag expression vector. By co-transfecting granulosa cells with the IGFBP-3 promoter, we found that TAF4b mimics and enhances FSH induction of IGFBP-3 reporter activity. Using RT-PCR we showed that FSH stimulates expression of TAF4b. This would suggest that the role of TAF4b in follicular development is regulated by FSH. TAF4b may thus be the TFIID component that binds to the TBP site on the IGFBP-3 promoter and is essential for FSH induction of IGFBP-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elimelda Moige Ongeri
- Pennsylvania State University, College of Medicine, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, United States.
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11
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Høiby T, Zhou H, Mitsiou DJ, Stunnenberg HG. A facelift for the general transcription factor TFIIA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 1769:429-36. [PMID: 17560669 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbaexp.2007.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2007] [Revised: 04/20/2007] [Accepted: 04/24/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
TFIIA was classified as a general transcription factor when it was first identified. Since then it has been debated to what extent it can actually be regarded as "general". The most notable feature of TFIIA is the proteolytical cleavage of the TFIIAalphabeta into a TFIIAalpha and TFIIAbeta moiety which has long remained a mystery. Recent studies have showed that TFIIA is cleaved by Taspase1 which was initially identified as the protease for the proto-oncogene MLL. Cleavage of TFIIA does not appear to serve as a step required for its activation as the uncleaved TFIIA in the Taspase1 knock-outs adequately support bulk transcription. Instead, cleavage of TFIIA seems to affect its turn-over and may be a part of an intricate degradation mechanism that allows fine-tuning of cellular levels of TFIIA. Cleavage might also be responsible for switching transcription program as the uncleaved and cleaved TFIIA might have distinct promoter specificity during development and differentiation. This review will focus on functional characteristics of TFIIA and discuss novel insights in the role of this elusive transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torill Høiby
- NCMLS, Department of Molecular Biology, 191, Radboud University of Nijmegen, PO Box 91001, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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12
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Abstract
In eukaryotes, the core promoter serves as a platform for the assembly of transcription preinitiation complex (PIC) that includes TFIIA, TFIIB, TFIID, TFIIE, TFIIF, TFIIH, and RNA polymerase II (pol II), which function collectively to specify the transcription start site. PIC formation usually begins with TFIID binding to the TATA box, initiator, and/or downstream promoter element (DPE) found in most core promoters, followed by the entry of other general transcription factors (GTFs) and pol II through either a sequential assembly or a preassembled pol II holoenzyme pathway. Formation of this promoter-bound complex is sufficient for a basal level of transcription. However, for activator-dependent (or regulated) transcription, general cofactors are often required to transmit regulatory signals between gene-specific activators and the general transcription machinery. Three classes of general cofactors, including TBP-associated factors (TAFs), Mediator, and upstream stimulatory activity (USA)-derived positive cofactors (PC1/PARP-1, PC2, PC3/DNA topoisomerase I, and PC4) and negative cofactor 1 (NC1/HMGB1), normally function independently or in combination to fine-tune the promoter activity in a gene-specific or cell-type-specific manner. In addition, other cofactors, such as TAF1, BTAF1, and negative cofactor 2 (NC2), can also modulate TBP or TFIID binding to the core promoter. In general, these cofactors are capable of repressing basal transcription when activators are absent and stimulating transcription in the presence of activators. Here we review the roles of these cofactors and GTFs, as well as TBP-related factors (TRFs), TAF-containing complexes (TFTC, SAGA, SLIK/SALSA, STAGA, and PRC1) and TAF variants, in pol II-mediated transcription, with emphasis on the events occurring after the chromatin has been remodeled but prior to the formation of the first phosphodiester bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106-4935, USA
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Zhou H, Spicuglia S, Hsieh JJD, Mitsiou DJ, Høiby T, Veenstra GJC, Korsmeyer SJ, Stunnenberg HG. Uncleaved TFIIA is a substrate for taspase 1 and active in transcription. Mol Cell Biol 2006; 26:2728-35. [PMID: 16537915 PMCID: PMC1430320 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.26.7.2728-2735.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In higher eukaryotes, the large subunit of the general transcription factor TFIIA is encoded by the single TFIIAalphabeta gene and posttranslationally cleaved into alpha and beta subunits. The molecular mechanisms and biological significance of this proteolytic process have remained obscure. Here, we show that TFIIA is a substrate of taspase 1 as reported for the trithorax group mixed-lineage leukemia protein. We demonstrate that recombinant taspase 1 cleaves TFIIA in vitro. Transfected taspase 1 enhances cleavage of TFIIA, and RNA interference knockdown of endogenous taspase 1 diminishes cleavage of TFIIA in vivo. In taspase 1-/- MEF cells, only uncleaved TFIIA is detected. In Xenopus laevis embryos, knockdown of TFIIA results in phenotype and expression defects. Both defects can be rescued by expression of an uncleavable TFIIA mutant. Our study shows that uncleaved TFIIA is transcriptionally active and that cleavage of TFIIA does not serve to render TFIIA competent for transcription. We propose that cleavage fine tunes the transcription regulation of a subset of genes during differentiation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqing Zhou
- NCMLS, Department of Molecular Biology, 191, Radboud University of Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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14
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Dar A, Munir S, Vishwanathan S, Manuja A, Griebel P, Tikoo S, Townsend H, Potter A, Kapur V, Babiuk LA. Transcriptional analysis of avian embryonic tissues following infection with avian infectious bronchitis virus. Virus Res 2005; 110:41-55. [PMID: 15845254 PMCID: PMC7114260 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2005.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2004] [Revised: 12/27/2004] [Accepted: 01/03/2005] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection is one of the major viral respiratory diseases of chickens. Better understanding of the molecular basis of viral pathogenesis should contribute significantly towards the development of improved prophylactic, therapeutic and diagnostic reagents to control infections. In the present investigation, transcriptional profiles were analyzed by using RNA recovered from the lung tissue of IBV infected 18-day-old chicken embryos at 6, 24, 48 and 72 h post IBV infection. This microarray analysis was completed using avian cDNA arrays comprised of fragments of 1191 unique chicken and turkey gene transcripts. These arrays were generated from normalized cDNA subtraction libraries that were derived from avian pneumovirus (APV) infected chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cultures and tissues obtained from APV infected turkeys subtracted with their respective uninfected cultures and tissues. Of the 1191 unique genes represented on the array, the expression of a total of 327 genes (27% of total) were altered by two-fold or more from 6 through 72 h post-infection. A comparative analysis of IBV regulated genes with genes previously reported to change in expression following infection with other avian respiratory viruses revealed both conserved and unique changes. Real-time qRT-PCR was used to confirm the regulated expression of genes related to several functional classes including kinases, interferon induced genes, chemokines and adhesion molecules, vesicular trafficking and fusion protein genes, extracellular matrix protein genes, cell cycle, metabolism, cell physiology and development, translation, RNA binding, lysosomal, protein degradation and ubiquitination related genes. Microarray analysis served as an efficient tool in facilitating a comparative analysis of avian respiratory viral infections and provided insight into host transcriptional changes that were conserved as well as those which were unique to individual pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshud Dar
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
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15
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Col E, Caron C, Chable-Bessia C, Legube G, Gazzeri S, Komatsu Y, Yoshida M, Benkirane M, Trouche D, Khochbin S. HIV-1 Tat targets Tip60 to impair the apoptotic cell response to genotoxic stresses. EMBO J 2005; 24:2634-45. [PMID: 16001085 PMCID: PMC1176461 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2005] [Accepted: 06/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 transactivator Tat uses cellular acetylation signalling by targeting several cellular histone acetyltransferases (HAT) to optimize its various functions. Although Tip60 was the first HAT identified to interact with Tat, the biological significance of this interaction has remained obscure. We had previously shown that Tat represses Tip60 HAT activity. Here, a new mechanism of Tip60 neutralization by Tat is described, where Tip60 is identified as a substrate for the newly reported p300/CBP-associated E4-type ubiquitin-ligase activity, and Tat uses this mechanism to induce the polyubiquitination and degradation of Tip60. Tip60 targeting by Tat results in a dramatic impairment of the Tip60-dependent apoptotic cell response to DNA damage. These data reveal yet unknown strategies developed by HIV-1 to increase cell resistance to genotoxic stresses and show a role of Tat as a modulator of cellular protein ubiquitination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwige Col
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire de la Différenciation, INSERM U309, Equipe chromatine et expression des gènes, Institut Albert Bonniot, Faculté de Médecine, Domaine de la Merci, La Tronche, France
| | - Cécile Caron
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire de la Différenciation, INSERM U309, Equipe chromatine et expression des gènes, Institut Albert Bonniot, Faculté de Médecine, Domaine de la Merci, La Tronche, France
| | - Christine Chable-Bessia
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moleculaire, Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS UPR1142, Montpellier, France
| | - Gaelle Legube
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, CNRS UMR 5099, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Sylvie Gazzeri
- Groupe de Recherche sur le Cancer du Poumon, INSERM U578, Institut Albert Bonniot, Faculté de Médecine, Domaine de la Merci, La Tronche, France
| | - Yasuhiko Komatsu
- CREST Research Project, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
- Chemical Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- CREST Research Project, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
- Chemical Genetics Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Monsef Benkirane
- Laboratoire de Virologie Moleculaire, Institut de Génétique Humaine, CNRS UPR1142, Montpellier, France
| | - Didier Trouche
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire Eucaryote, CNRS UMR 5099, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Saadi Khochbin
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire de la Différenciation, INSERM U309, Equipe chromatine et expression des gènes, Institut Albert Bonniot, Faculté de Médecine, Domaine de la Merci, La Tronche, France
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire de la Différenciation, INSERM U309, Equipe chromatine et expression des gènes, Institut Albert Bonniot, Faculté de Médecine, Domaine de la Merci, 38706 La Tronche Cedex, France. Tel.: +33 4 76 54 95 83; Fax: +33 4 76 54 95 95; E-mail:
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Kalkhoven E. CBP and p300: HATs for different occasions. Biochem Pharmacol 2004; 68:1145-55. [PMID: 15313412 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2004.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 359] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2004] [Accepted: 03/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The transcriptional coactivators CREB binding protein (CBP) and p300 are key regulators of RNA polymerase II-mediated transcription. Genetic alterations in the genes encoding these regulatory proteins and their functional inactivation have been linked to human disease. Findings in patients, knockout mice and cell-based studies indicate that the ability of these multidomain proteins to acetylate histones and other proteins is critical for many biological processes. Furthermore, despite their high degree of homology, accumulating evidence indicates that CBP and p300 are not completely redundant but also have unique roles in vivo. Recent studies suggest that these functional differences could be due to differential association with other proteins or differences in substrate specificity between these acetyltransferases. Inactivation of the acetyltransferase function of either CBP or p300 in various experimental systems will no doubt teach us more about the specific biological roles of these proteins. Given the wide range of human diseases in which CBP and/or p300 have been implicated, understanding the mechanisms that regulate their activity in vivo could help to develop novel approaches for the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Kalkhoven
- Department of Metabolic and Endocrine Diseases, UMC Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, 3584 EA, The Netherlands.
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18
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Høiby T, Mitsiou DJ, Zhou H, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, Stunnenberg HG. Cleavage and proteasome-mediated degradation of the basal transcription factor TFIIA. EMBO J 2004; 23:3083-91. [PMID: 15257296 PMCID: PMC514921 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7600304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2003] [Accepted: 06/07/2004] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor TFIIA is encoded by two genes, TFIIAalphabeta and TFIIAgamma. In higher eukaryotes, the TFIIAalphabeta is translated as a precursor and undergoes proteolytic cleavage; the regulation and biological implications of the cleavage have remained elusive. We determined by Edman degradation that the TFIIAbeta subunit starts at Asp 278. We found that a cleavage recognition site (CRS), a string of amino acids QVDG at positions -6 to -3 from Asp 278, is essential for cleavage. Mutations in the CRS that prevent cleavage significantly prolong the half-life of TFIIA. Consistently, the cleaved TFIIA is a substrate for the ubiquitin pathway and proteasome-mediated degradation. We show that mutations in the putative phosphorylation sites of TFIIAbeta greatly affect degradation of the beta-subunit. We propose that cleavage and subsequent degradation fine-tune the amount of TFIIA in the cell and consequently the level of transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torill Høiby
- NCMLS, Department of Molecular Biology, HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitra J Mitsiou
- NCMLS, Department of Molecular Biology, HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Huiqing Zhou
- NCMLS, Department of Molecular Biology, HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Paul Tempst
- Molecular Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Ling L, Lobie PE. RhoA/ROCK activation by growth hormone abrogates p300/histone deacetylase 6 repression of Stat5-mediated transcription. J Biol Chem 2004; 279:32737-50. [PMID: 15102857 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m400601200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate here that growth hormone (GH) stimulates the activation of RhoA and its substrate Rho kinase (ROCK) in NIH-3T3 cells. GH-stimulated formation of GTP-bound RhoA requires JAK2-dependent dissociation of RhoA from its negative regulator p190 RhoGAP. Inactivation of RhoA does not affect GH-stimulated JAK2 tyrosine phosphorylation nor p44/42 MAPK activity. However, RhoA and ROCK activities are required for GH-stimulated, Stat5-mediated transcription. RhoA-dependent enhancement of GH-stimulated, Stat5-mediated transcription is due to repression of histone deacetylase 6 activity recruited by transcription cofactor p300 that negatively regulates GH-stimulated, Stat5-mediated transcription. We also demonstrate that RhoA is the pivot for cAMP-dependent protein kinase inhibition of GH-stimulated, Stat5-mediated transcription as a consequence of cAMP-dependent protein kinase inactivation of RhoA through serine residue 188 of RhoA. We have therefore provided a novel mechanism by which a Ras-like small GTPase, RhoA, can regulate Stat5-mediated transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ling
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 30 Medical Drive, Singapore 117609, Republic of Singapore
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