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Dimitriadis K, Theofilis P, Koutsopoulos G, Pyrpyris N, Beneki E, Tatakis F, Tsioufis P, Chrysohoou C, Fragkoulis C, Tsioufis K. The role of coronary microcirculation in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: An unceasing odyssey. Heart Fail Rev 2025; 30:75-88. [PMID: 39358622 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-024-10445-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) represents an entity with complex pathophysiologic pathways, among which coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is believed to be an important orchestrator. Research in the field of CMD has highlighted impaired vasoreactivity, capillary rarefaction, and inflammation as potential mediators of its development. CMD can be diagnosed via several noninvasive methods including transthoracic echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and positron emission tomography. Moreover, invasive methods such as coronary flow reserve and index of microcirculatory resistance are commonly employed in the assessment of CMD. As far as the association between CMD and HFpEF is concerned, numerous studies have highlighted the coexistence of CMD in the majority of HFpEF patients. Additionally, patients affected by both conditions may be facing an adverse prognosis. Finally, there is limited evidence suggesting a beneficial effect of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockers, ranolazine, and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in CMD, with further evidence being awaited regarding the impact of other pharmacotherapies such as anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyriakos Dimitriadis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Vasilissis Sofias 114, 11528, Athens, PO, Greece.
| | - Panagiotis Theofilis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Vasilissis Sofias 114, 11528, Athens, PO, Greece
| | - Georgios Koutsopoulos
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Vasilissis Sofias 114, 11528, Athens, PO, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Pyrpyris
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Vasilissis Sofias 114, 11528, Athens, PO, Greece
| | - Eirini Beneki
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Vasilissis Sofias 114, 11528, Athens, PO, Greece
| | - Fotis Tatakis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Vasilissis Sofias 114, 11528, Athens, PO, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Tsioufis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Vasilissis Sofias 114, 11528, Athens, PO, Greece
| | - Christina Chrysohoou
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Vasilissis Sofias 114, 11528, Athens, PO, Greece
| | - Christos Fragkoulis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Vasilissis Sofias 114, 11528, Athens, PO, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Tsioufis
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Hippokration General Hospital, Vasilissis Sofias 114, 11528, Athens, PO, Greece
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Hebbo E, Khan S, Manzo-Silberman S, Alasnag M. The Clinical Approach to Angina in Women. Interv Cardiol Clin 2025; 14:1-8. [PMID: 39537281 DOI: 10.1016/j.iccl.2024.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Women presenting with angina are more likely to have cardiac chest pain accompanied more frequently by associated symptoms like abdominal pain and lightheadedness. The evaluation of women with suspected coronary disease can be complex because many have microvascular dysfunction, coronary vasospasm, and altered coagulation that require specific testing protocols beyond the conventional stress testing and a coronary angiogram. Therefore, terms such as angina, ischemia, and myocardial infarction with no obstructive coronary disease have been introduced in recent years. More studies are required to elaborate guidelines on the diagnosis and management of these entities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Hebbo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Heart and Vascular Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sahoor Khan
- Interventional Cardiology Program, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Lahey Hospital and Medical Center, Beth Israel Lahey Health, Burlington, MA, USA
| | | | - Mirvat Alasnag
- Cardiac Center, King Fahd Armed Forces Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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3
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Hada M, Usui E, Wakasa N, Hoshino M, Kanaji Y, Nagamine T, Nogami K, Ueno H, Setoguchi M, Tahara T, Mineo T, Yonetsu T, Sasano T, Kakuta T. Discordant Diagnosis of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction by Microvascular Resistance Reserve: Transthoracic Doppler Echocardiography vs Bolus Thermodilution Method. Hellenic J Cardiol 2024:S1109-9666(24)00263-X. [PMID: 39672538 DOI: 10.1016/j.hjc.2024.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2024] [Revised: 11/10/2024] [Accepted: 12/05/2024] [Indexed: 12/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epicardial stenosis and coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) may coexist in patients with chronic coronary syndrome (CCS). Microvascular resistance reserve (MRR) has been demonstrated to be a valid cross-modality metric using continuous saline infusion thermodilution and intracoronary Doppler flow velocity methods. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and diagnostic concordance of CMD defined by MRR using two methods-stress transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (S-TDE) and the invasive bolus thermodilution method (B-Thermo)-in patients with functionally significant epicardial stenosis. METHODS We retrospectively investigated 204 left anterior descending artery (LAD) territories in CCS. All patients underwent physiological assessment using a pressure-temperature wire and S-TDE before elective fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided percutaneous coronary intervention. The concordance rate was evaluated using κ values. RESULTS In the final analysis, the median age was 72 years, and 72.5% of patients were male. The median FFR value was 0.69. MRRS-TDE and MRRB-Thermo were similar (3.41 vs. 3.48, P=0.877), whereas only a weak, albeit significant relationship was observed between these two metrics (r=0.167, P=0.017). CMD was diagnosed in 20.6% and 32.8% of patients using S-TDE and B-Thermo, respectively, when a cutoff MRR value of 2.7 was applied. The concordance rate of CMD diagnosis between the two methods was low (κ=0.079). CONCLUSIONS MRRS-TDE and MRRB-Thermo showed a very weak correlation in the LAD territory with functionally significant stenosis in patients with CCS. The prevalence of CMD diagnosed using MRRS-TDE and MRRB-Thermo was not comparable, and the diagnostic concordance of CMD using these two methods was very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Hada
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Eisuke Usui
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Wakasa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Hoshino
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kanaji
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Nagamine
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kai Nogami
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ueno
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Mirei Setoguchi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Tahara
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takashi Mineo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Taishi Yonetsu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Sasano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsunekazu Kakuta
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Achenbach S. [Guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology on chronic coronary syndrome from 2024]. Herz 2024:10.1007/s00059-024-05288-5. [PMID: 39658660 DOI: 10.1007/s00059-024-05288-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2024] [Indexed: 12/12/2024]
Abstract
The 2024 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines on chronic coronary syndrome comprehensively summarize the symptoms, diagnostics and treatment of coronary artery disease, excluding acute coronary syndromes. The processing always begins with an estimation of the clinical probability, which should include not only the symptom profile but also the number of cardiovascular risk factors and is further modified by any conspicuous findings in electrocardiography (ECG), exercise testing, or echocardiography. For further diagnostics, coronary angiography via computed tomography is the first-line approach if the probability lies between 5% and 50%. For probabilities of 50-85% procedures for imaging-based ischemia detection are indicated, while for even higher probabilities immediate invasive diagnostics are given priority. The treatment includes intensive risk modification, medicinal anti-anginal treatment and finally revascularization by coronary intervention or bypass surgery. In the absence of high-risk constellations a medication-based approach should be initially preferred, with revascularization indicated if symptoms persist. The new guidelines also extensively address angina and ischemia without obstructive coronary lesions. In this context, intensive risk modification and initial medication treatment are again recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Achenbach
- Medizinische Klinik 2, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Ulmenweg 18, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland.
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Pompei G, Kunadian V. Role of microcirculatory resistance reserve in patients with chronic coronary syndrome undergoing revascularization. Eur Heart J 2024:ehae708. [PMID: 39657142 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Graziella Pompei
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, 4th Floor William Leech Building, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Vijay Kunadian
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, 4th Floor William Leech Building, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK
- Cardiothoracic Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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6
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Li H, Shengke Z, Wei G, Yipeng W. Microangiopathy in myocardial ischemia with non-obstructive coronary artery disease: A case series. Asian J Surg 2024; 47:5284-5285. [PMID: 38964969 DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2024.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- He Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Genertec Universal CREC Xi'an Hospital, China.
| | - Zhang Shengke
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Genertec Universal CREC Xi'an Hospital, China.
| | - Gao Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Genertec Universal CREC Xi'an Hospital, China.
| | - Wang Yipeng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Genertec Universal CREC Xi'an Hospital, China.
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Merdler I, Chitturi KR, Chaturvedi A, Rahman S, Cellamare M, Ozturk ST, Sawant V, Ben-Dor I, Waksman R, Hashim HD, Case BC. Exploring the interplay between coronary microvascular dysfunction and mental health. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2024; 69:25-29. [PMID: 38789341 DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2024.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intricate relationship between mental health disorders, notably anxiety and depression, and chest pain associated with non-obstructive coronary artery disease has become a focus of investigation. METHODS This study from the Coronary Microvascular Disease Registry (CMDR) evaluated the association of mental health disorders and coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) among patients with angina with no obstructive coronary artery disease (ANOCA) who had undergone comprehensive invasive physiological testing for CMD. Clinical data regarding baseline characteristics, comorbidities, and noninvasive cardiac testing were obtained from chart review. The primary outcome of interest was the potential relationship between mental health diagnoses and the presence of CMD. RESULTS Of patients included in the CMDR, 27 % (41/152) had at least one documented mental health disorder diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes) and CMD. There was no difference in mental health diagnosis prevalence between CMD-positive and CMD-negative patients (21.1 % vs. 28.9 %, p = 0.34). The most common mental health diagnoses were depression (15.8 %) and anxiety (15.8 %). Furthermore, 46.3 % (19/41) of patients with mental health disorders were prescribed psychiatric medications, with the most common being benzodiazepines (26.8 %). CONCLUSION Patients with chest pain not due to CMD did not have an increased prevalence of mental health disorders compared with patients with ANOCA due to CMD, challenging the notion of a psychosomatic component in the pathogenesis of ANOCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilan Merdler
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Kalyan R Chitturi
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Abhishek Chaturvedi
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Sana Rahman
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Matteo Cellamare
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Sevket Tolga Ozturk
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Vaishnavi Sawant
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Itsik Ben-Dor
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Ron Waksman
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, United States of America.
| | - Hayder D Hashim
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Brian C Case
- Section of Interventional Cardiology, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
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8
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Zhang F, Yang X, Chen Y, Shao X, Wang J, Zhang S, Shi G, Yang M, Wu Z, Li S, Wang Y. Incremental prognostic value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose myocardial ischemic memory imaging for major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with suspected unstable angina. J Nucl Cardiol 2024; 42:102051. [PMID: 39368661 DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclcard.2024.102051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Revised: 09/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The additional prognostic value of 18F-flurodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) myocardial ischemic memory imaging for patients with suspected unstable angina (UA) is not well established. This study aimed to determine whether 18F-FDG PET imaging provides incremental prognostic information for predicting major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) compared to clinical risk factors, Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) score, and coronary artery calcium score (CACS) in patients with suspected UA. METHODS In this post hoc analysis of a prospective study, 265 patients suspected with UA (62.3% male, mean age: 65.0±9.4 years) were enrolled. 18F-FDG positivity was defined as focal or focal on diffuse uptake patterns. MACEs included cardiovascular death, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, rehospitalization for UA, and stroke. Multivariable Cox regression was used to identify predictors of MACEs, and the incremental prognostic value of 18F-FDG PET imaging was assessed using the Concordance Index (C-index), net reclassification improvement (NRI), and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). RESULTS Over a median follow-up of 25 months, 51 patients (19.2%) experienced MACEs. 18F-FDG positivity (hazard ratio [HR]=3.220, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.630-6.360, P<.001), as well as 18F-FDG standardized uptake ratio (HR=1.330, 95% CI: 1.131-1.564, P=.0006) and Extent (HR=1.045, 95% CI: 1.028-1.062, P<.0001), were independent predictors of MACE. The addition of 18F-FDG PET imaging significantly improved risk stratification beyond clinical factors, the GRACE score, and CACS, with improved C-index (.769 vs .688, P=.045), NRI (.324, P=.020), and IDI (.055, P=.027). CONCLUSION 18F-FDG PET myocardial ischemic memory imaging significantly improves prognostic assessment for patients with suspected UA, providing valuable additional risk stratification beyond clinical risk factors, GRACE score, and CACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Zhang
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Clinical Translation of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Xiaoliang Shao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Clinical Translation of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Clinical Translation of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guiliang Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Minfu Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifang Wu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Sijin Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Yuetao Wang
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China; Institute of Clinical Translation of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province, China.
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9
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Ang DT, Carberry J, Ford TJ, Kamdar A, Sykes R, Sidik NP, Carrick D, McCartney PJ, Collison D, Robertson K, Shaukat A, Rocchiccioli JP, McGeoch R, Watkins S, Hood S, McEntegart M, Lindsay M, Eteiba H, Oldroyd KG, Good R, McConnachie A, Berry C. Coronary microvascular function and atherosclerotic plaque burden in ischaemia and no obstructive coronary arteries: a secondary analysis of the CorMicA trial. Heart 2024:heartjnl-2024-324677. [PMID: 39603791 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2024-324677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 11/03/2024] [Indexed: 11/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between atherosclerosis and endotypes of myocardial ischaemia with no obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) is unclear. We investigated potential associations between cumulative atherosclerotic plaque burden quantified using the Gensini score, novel invasive indices of coronary microvascular function (microvascular resistance reserve (MRR); resistive reserve ratio (RRR)) and related INOCA endotypes. METHODS Coronary angiography and invasive coronary function tests were simultaneously acquired in the CorMicA cohort. A comprehensive physiological assessment was performed using both a thermodilution-based diagnostic guidewire and intracoronary acetylcholine provocation testing. Angiograms were examined for luminal stenosis in each segment of the SYNTAX coronary model. Cumulative plaque burden was quantified using the Gensini score, which incorporated both the number of diseased coronary segments and stenosis severity. Results were compared with indices of microvascular function and INOCA endotypes. Angiographic analyses were performed blind to coronary physiology findings. RESULTS In 151 participants (median age 61 years; 73.5% female) without flow-limiting coronary artery disease, medical history included 41.7% smoking, 63.6% hypertension and 19.2% diabetes mellitus. The left anterior descending artery underwent diagnostic guidewire testing in 85.4%, and 55.0% of participants had abnormal coronary flow reserve (CFR) and/or Index of Microcirculatory Resistance (IMR). The median Gensini score was 6.0 (IQR 2.5-11.0). CFR (p=0.012), MRR (p=0.026) and RRR (p=0.026), but not IMR (p=0.445), were univariably associated with raised Gensini scores. These significant effects persisted in multivariable models controlling for potential confounders. Considering INOCA endotypes, Gensini scores differed among participants with microvascular angina (MVA) (7.0 (2.5-11.0)), vasospastic angina (VSA) (4.5 (2.0-10.0)), mixed MVA/VSA (9.0 (5.0-11.5)) and non-cardiac symptoms (3.5 (1.5-8.0)); Kruskal-Wallis p=0.030. CONCLUSIONS Reduced CFR, MRR and RRR, and MVA were associated with increased coronary atherosclerotic plaque burden, as evidenced by higher Gensini scores. These novel findings provide a mechanistic link between INOCA and cardiovascular events, reinforcing the importance of antiatherosclerosis therapy in patients with MVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ty Ang
- Cardiology, Golden Jubilee National Hospital West of Scotland Regional Heart and Lung Centre, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK
- University Hospital Hairmyres, East Kilbride, South Lanarkshire, UK
| | - Jaclyn Carberry
- Cardiology, Golden Jubilee National Hospital West of Scotland Regional Heart and Lung Centre, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Thomas J Ford
- Department of Cardiology, Central Coast Local Health District, Gosford, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anna Kamdar
- Cardiology, Golden Jubilee National Hospital West of Scotland Regional Heart and Lung Centre, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Robert Sykes
- Cardiology, Golden Jubilee National Hospital West of Scotland Regional Heart and Lung Centre, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK
- University Hospital Hairmyres, East Kilbride, South Lanarkshire, UK
| | - Novalia P Sidik
- Cardiology, Golden Jubilee National Hospital West of Scotland Regional Heart and Lung Centre, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - David Carrick
- University Hospital Hairmyres, East Kilbride, South Lanarkshire, UK
| | - Peter J McCartney
- Cardiology, Golden Jubilee National Hospital West of Scotland Regional Heart and Lung Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Damien Collison
- Cardiology, Golden Jubilee National Hospital West of Scotland Regional Heart and Lung Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Keith Robertson
- Cardiology, Golden Jubilee National Hospital West of Scotland Regional Heart and Lung Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Aadil Shaukat
- Cardiology, Golden Jubilee National Hospital West of Scotland Regional Heart and Lung Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Paul Rocchiccioli
- Cardiology, Golden Jubilee National Hospital West of Scotland Regional Heart and Lung Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - R McGeoch
- University Hospital Hairmyres, East Kilbride, South Lanarkshire, UK
| | - Stuart Watkins
- Cardiology, Golden Jubilee National Hospital West of Scotland Regional Heart and Lung Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Stuart Hood
- Cardiology, Golden Jubilee National Hospital West of Scotland Regional Heart and Lung Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Mitchell Lindsay
- Cardiology, Golden Jubilee National Hospital West of Scotland Regional Heart and Lung Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hany Eteiba
- Cardiology, Golden Jubilee National Hospital West of Scotland Regional Heart and Lung Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Keith G Oldroyd
- Cardiology, Golden Jubilee National Hospital West of Scotland Regional Heart and Lung Centre, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard Good
- Cardiology, Golden Jubilee National Hospital West of Scotland Regional Heart and Lung Centre, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alex McConnachie
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Colin Berry
- Cardiology, Golden Jubilee National Hospital West of Scotland Regional Heart and Lung Centre, Glasgow, UK
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, Glasgow, UK
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10
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Morrow A, Young R, Abraham GR, Hoole S, Greenwood JP, Arnold JR, El Shibly M, Shanmuganathan M, Ferreira V, Rakhit R, Galasko G, Sinha A, Perera D, Al-Lamee R, Spyridopoulos I, Kotecha A, Clesham G, Ford TJ, Davenport A, Padmanabhan S, Jolly L, Kellman P, Kaski JC, Weir RA, Sattar N, Kennedy J, Macfarlane PW, Welsh P, McConnachie A, Berry C. Zibotentan in Microvascular Angina: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial. Circulation 2024; 150:1671-1683. [PMID: 39217504 PMCID: PMC11573082 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.124.069901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microvascular angina is associated with dysregulation of the endothelin system and impairments in myocardial blood flow, exercise capacity, and health-related quality of life. The G allele of the noncoding single nucleotide polymorphism RS9349379 enhances expression of the endothelin-1 gene (EDN1) in human vascular cells, potentially increasing circulating concentrations of Endothelin-1 (ET-1). Whether zibotentan, an oral ET-A receptor selective antagonist, is efficacious and safe for the treatment of microvascular angina is unknown. METHODS Patients with microvascular angina were enrolled in this double-blind, placebo-controlled, sequential crossover trial of zibotentan (10 mg daily for 12 weeks). The trial population was enriched to ensure a G allele frequency of 50% for the RS9349379 single nucleotide polymorphism. Participants and investigators were blinded to genotype. The primary outcome was treadmill exercise duration (seconds) using the Bruce protocol. The primary analysis estimated the mean within-participant difference in exercise duration after treatment with zibotentan versus placebo. RESULTS A total of 118 participants (mean±SD; years of age 63.5 [9.2]; 71 [60.2%] females; 25 [21.2%] with diabetes) were randomized. Among 103 participants with complete data, the mean exercise duration with zibotentan treatment compared with placebo was not different (between-treatment difference, -4.26 seconds [95% CI, -19.60 to 11.06] P=0.5871). Secondary outcomes showed no improvement with zibotentan. Zibotentan reduced blood pressure and increased plasma concentrations of ET-1. Adverse events were more common with zibotentan (60.2%) compared with placebo (14.4%; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Among patients with microvascular angina, short-term treatment with a relatively high dose (10 mg daily) of zibotentan was not beneficial. Target-related adverse effects were common. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT04097314.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Morrow
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M., N.S., P.W.M., P.W., C.B.)
| | - Robin Young
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.Y., A.M.)
| | - George R. Abraham
- Royal Papworth Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (G.R.A., S.H.)
| | - Stephen Hoole
- Royal Papworth Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (G.R.A., S.H.)
| | | | - Jayanth Ranjit Arnold
- University of Leicester and the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (J.R.A., M.E.S.)
| | - Mohamed El Shibly
- University of Leicester and the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (J.R.A., M.E.S.)
| | - Mayooran Shanmuganathan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom (M.S., V.F.S.B.)
| | - Vanessa Ferreira
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom (M.S., V.F.S.B.)
| | - Roby Rakhit
- Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust London, United Kingdom (R.R.)
| | - Gavin Galasko
- Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom (G.G.)
| | - Aish Sinha
- Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, and Kings College London, United Kingdom (A.S., D.P.)
| | - Divaka Perera
- Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, and Kings College London, United Kingdom (A.S., D.P.)
| | - Rasha Al-Lamee
- Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.A.)
| | - Ioakim Spyridopoulos
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom (I.S.)
| | - Ashish Kotecha
- Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom (A.K.)
| | - Gerald Clesham
- Basildon University Hospital, Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom (G.C.)
| | - Thomas J. Ford
- Gosford Hospital - Central Coast Local Health District, and The University of Newcastle, University Dr, Callaghan, Australia (T.J.F.)
| | - Anthony Davenport
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, United Kingdom (A.D.)
| | - Sandosh Padmanabhan
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M., N.S., P.W.M., P.W., C.B.)
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.Y., A.M.)
- Royal Papworth Hospital National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (G.R.A., S.H.)
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia (J.P.G)
- University of Leicester and the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, United Kingdom (J.R.A., M.E.S.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom (M.S., V.F.S.B.)
- Royal Free Hospital, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust London, United Kingdom (R.R.)
- Blackpool Victoria Hospital, Blackpool Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom (G.G.)
- Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, and Kings College London, United Kingdom (A.S., D.P.)
- Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust and National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.A.)
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom (I.S.)
- Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom (A.K.)
- Basildon University Hospital, Mid and South Essex NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom (G.C.)
- Gosford Hospital - Central Coast Local Health District, and The University of Newcastle, University Dr, Callaghan, Australia (T.J.F.)
- Division of Experimental Medicine and Immunotherapeutics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, United Kingdom (A.D.)
- Project Management Unit, NHS Research and Innovation, Dykebar Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde Health Board, United Kingdom (L.J.)
- Medical Signal and Image Processing Program, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K.)
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George’s, University of London, United Kingdom (J.C.K.)
- University Hospital Hairmyres, East Kilbride, United Kingdom (R.A.W.)
- Electrocardiology Group, Royal Infirmary, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (J.K.)
| | - Lisa Jolly
- Project Management Unit, NHS Research and Innovation, Dykebar Hospital, NHS Greater Glasgow & Clyde Health Board, United Kingdom (L.J.)
| | - Peter Kellman
- Medical Signal and Image Processing Program, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (P.K.)
| | - Juan Carlos Kaski
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Research Institute, St. George’s, University of London, United Kingdom (J.C.K.)
| | - Robin A. Weir
- University Hospital Hairmyres, East Kilbride, United Kingdom (R.A.W.)
| | - Naveed Sattar
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M., N.S., P.W.M., P.W., C.B.)
| | - Julie Kennedy
- Electrocardiology Group, Royal Infirmary, School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (J.K.)
| | - Peter W. Macfarlane
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M., N.S., P.W.M., P.W., C.B.)
| | - Paul Welsh
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M., N.S., P.W.M., P.W., C.B.)
| | - Alex McConnachie
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, Institute of Health and Wellbeing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (R.Y., A.M.)
| | - Colin Berry
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom (A.M., N.S., P.W.M., P.W., C.B.)
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11
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Gurgoglione FL, Niccoli G. What is New from the 2024 European Society of Cardiology Congress on the Management of Chronic Coronary Syndromes? Updated Guidelines and Trials. Eur Cardiol 2024; 19:e23. [PMID: 39651114 PMCID: PMC11622220 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2024.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 12/11/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giampaolo Niccoli
- Division of Cardiology, University of Parma, Parma University Hospital Parma, Italy
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12
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Mejia-Renteria H, Shabbir A, Nuñez-Gil IJ, Macaya F, Salinas P, Tirado-Conte G, Nombela-Franco L, Jimenez-Quevedo P, Gonzalo N, Fernandez-Ortiz A, Escaned J. Feasibility and Improved Diagnostic Yield of Intracoronary Adenosine to Assess Microvascular Dysfunction With Bolus Thermodilution. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e035404. [PMID: 39508144 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.124.035404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 10/08/2024] [Indexed: 11/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bolus thermodilution and intravenous adenosine are established methods for coronary microcirculatory assessment. Yet, its adoption remains low, partly due to procedural time and patient discomfort associated with intravenous adenosine. We investigated differences between intracoronary and intravenous adenosine using bolus thermodilution in terms of microcirculatory indices, procedural time, and side effects associated with adenosine in patients with myocardial ischemia and nonobstructive coronary arteries. METHODS AND RESULTS In this prospective, observational study, 102 patients with suspected myocardial ischemia and nonobstructive coronary arteries underwent measurements of mean transit time, coronary flow reserve, index of microcirculatory resistance, procedure time and patient tolerability with low-dose intracoronary adenosine, high-dose intracoronary adenosine (HDIC), and intravenous adenosine. HDIC induced greater hyperemia compared with low-dose intracoronary IC adenosine and intravenous adenosine with a shorter hyperemic mean transit time, P<0.0001. Coronary flow reserve was higher and index of microcirculatory resistance lowest with HDIC, compared with low-dose intracoronary IC adenosine and intravenous adenosine, P<0.05. Low coronary flow reserve was downgraded from 21% with intravenous adenosine to 10% with HDIC adenosine (P=0.031); high index of microcirculatory resistance was downgraded from 23% with intravenous adenosine to 14% with HDIC (P=0.098). Intracoronary adenosine was associated with lower procedural times (P<0.0001). More patients experienced chest pain with intravenous adenosine (P<0.01) and the chest pain intensity was higher compared with intracoronary adenosine (P<0.0001). CONCLUSIONS In patients with suspected myocardial ischemia and nonobstructive coronary arteries undergoing coronary microcirculatory assessment with bolus thermodilution, the use of HDIC compared with intravenous adenosine was associated with enhanced induction of hyperemia. The use of intracoronary adenosine allowed for a shorter procedure time and was better tolerated. REGISTRATION+ URL: clinicaltrials.gov; Unique Identifier: NCT04827498.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernan Mejia-Renteria
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IDISSC Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spain
| | - Asad Shabbir
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IDISSC Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spain
| | - Ivan J Nuñez-Gil
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IDISSC Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spain
| | - Fernando Macaya
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IDISSC Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spain
| | - Pablo Salinas
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IDISSC Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spain
| | - Gabriela Tirado-Conte
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IDISSC Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spain
| | - Luis Nombela-Franco
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IDISSC Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spain
| | - Pilar Jimenez-Quevedo
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IDISSC Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spain
| | - Nieves Gonzalo
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IDISSC Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spain
| | - Antonio Fernandez-Ortiz
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IDISSC Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spain
| | - Javier Escaned
- Cardiology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IDISSC Universidad Complutense de Madrid Spain
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13
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Vink CEM, de Jong EAM, Woudstra J, Molenaar M, Kamp O, Götte MJW, van Raalte DH, Serné E, van de Hoef TP, Chamuleau SAJ, Eringa EC, Appelman Y. The role of myocardial blood volume in the pathophysiology of angina with non-obstructed coronary arteries: The MICORDIS study. Int J Cardiol 2024; 415:132479. [PMID: 39181410 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.132479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 08/14/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angina with Non-Obstructed Coronary Arteries (ANOCA) involves abnormal vasomotor responses. While reduced coronary flow is an established contributor to myocardial hypoxia, myocardial blood volume (MBV) independently regulates myocardial oxygen uptake but its role in ANOCA remains unclear. OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that reduced MBV contributes to ANOCA, and associates with insulin resistance in ANOCA. METHODS MBV in ANOCA patients was compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls. ANOCA patients underwent coronary angiography with invasive coronary function testing (CFT) to identify vasospasm and coronary microvascular dysfunction. In all subjects MBV was quantified at baseline, during hyperinsulinemia and during dobutamine-induced stress using myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE). The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp was used to assess insulin resistance. RESULTS Twenty-eight ANOCA patients (21% men, 56.8 ± 8.6 years) and 28 healthy controls (21% men, 56.5 ± 7.0 years) were included. During CFT 11% of patients showed epicardial vasospasm, 39% microvascular vasospasm, 25% coronary microvascular dysfunction, and 11% of patients had a negative CFT. ANOCA patients had significant lower insulin-sensitivity (p < 0.01). During MCE, ANOCA patients showed a significantly lower MBV at baseline (0.388 vs 0.438 mL/mL, p = 0.04), during hyperinsulinemia (0.395 vs 0.447 mL/mL, p = 0.02), and during dobutamine-induced stress (0.401 vs 0.476 mL/mL, p = 0.030). CONCLUSIONS In ANOCA patients MBV is diminished at baseline, during hyperinsulinemia and dobutamine-induced stress in the absence of differences in microvascular recruitment. These findings support the presence of capillary rarefaction in ANOCA patients. ANOCA patients showed metabolic insulin resistance, but insulin did not acutely alter myocardial perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E M Vink
- Amsterdam UMC Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elize A M de Jong
- Amsterdam UMC Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Janneke Woudstra
- Amsterdam UMC Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mitchel Molenaar
- Amsterdam UMC Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Otto Kamp
- Amsterdam UMC Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marco J W Götte
- Amsterdam UMC Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel H van Raalte
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
| | - Erik Serné
- Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, the Netherlands
| | - Tim P van de Hoef
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Steven A J Chamuleau
- Amsterdam UMC Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Etto C Eringa
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Maastricht University, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Department of Physiology, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Yolande Appelman
- Amsterdam UMC Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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14
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McChord J, Hubert A, Sechtem U, Bekeredjian R, Ong P, Seitz A. Diagnostic Yield of Comprehensive Coronary Function Testing in Patients with Angina and Unobstructed Coronary Arteries: Endotype Characterisation and Clinical Implications. Eur Cardiol 2024; 19:e19. [PMID: 39588253 PMCID: PMC11588110 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2024.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 11/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Coronary functional disorders (CFD) are significant contributors to angina with non-obstructed coronary arteries (ANOCA). Various endotypes, such as epicardial or microvascular spasm and/or coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), have been identified. Previous studies have shown a high prevalence of CFD in ANOCA cases, but often lacked comprehensive coronary functional testing (CFT), which ideally includes coronary spasm provocation testing and CMD assessment. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of CFD and to characterise endotypes in ANOCA patients using comprehensive CFT. Methods A total of 89 consecutive ANOCA patients (mean age 64, 69% women) who underwent comprehensive CFT were enrolled. CFT comprised acetylcholine (ACh) spasm provocation testing and assessment of coronary flow reserve (CFR) and hyperaemic microvascular resistance using Doppler technique. Results CFT identified at least one coronary vasomotion disorder in 91% of patients with ANOCA. Among them, microvascular spasm was the most common endotype (61%), followed by CMD (43%). Only 9% of patients had isolated CMD with the remaining CMD patients also showing coronary spasm. Low CFR was mainly associated with high resting coronary flow rather than impaired hyperaemic flow (R -0.60, p<0.0001). Additionally, 48% of patients with microvascular spasm exhibited moderate to severe coronary tortuosity. Conclusion CFT provides a high diagnostic yield of CFD in ANOCA patients. Coronary spasm, particularly microvascular spasm, is the most frequent endotype. Patients with isolated CMD are rare, highlighting the importance of spasm testing in the ANOCA population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna McChord
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Robert Bosch Hospital Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Astrid Hubert
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Robert Bosch Hospital Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Udo Sechtem
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Robert Bosch Hospital Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Raffi Bekeredjian
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Robert Bosch Hospital Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Peter Ong
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Robert Bosch Hospital Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Andreas Seitz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Robert Bosch Hospital Stuttgart, Germany
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15
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Wen W, Chi Y, Liu M, Xie B, Gao M, Jiang L, Zhang Y, Chen K, Zhao F. Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction by Angiography-Based Index of Microcirculatory Resistance: An Indirect Meta-Analysis. Cardiology 2024:1-17. [PMID: 39527925 DOI: 10.1159/000541630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a lack of consensus on diagnosing coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) using the angiography-based index of microcirculatory resistance (Angio-IMR) due to the absence of evidence. This study aimed to explore the efficacy of Angio-IMR in diagnosing CMD. METHODS A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library for studies primarily focusing on Angio-IMR diagnosing CMD, using IMR as the gold standard. The primary results were pooled sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the curve (AUC). RESULTS A total of 15 studies involving 2,202 individuals and 2,330 vessels were included in our study, Angio-IMR demonstrated high performance in predicting IMR with overall pooled sensitivity and specificity of 0.84 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.81-0.87) and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.83-0.99), respectively, and AUC = 0.91 (95% CI: 0.89-0.94). This indicates that Angio-IMR has good diagnostic characteristics. Subgroup analysis by indirect meta-analysis showed higher sensitivity in the rest state. However, there is no significant difference in sensitivity and specificity between the hyperemic and rest states when using the AccuIMR system. Furthermore, sensitivity and specificity were more pronounced in the group without coronary pressure monitoring compared to the group with monitoring. CONCLUSION Angio-IMR is an alternative tool to identify CMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wen
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China,
| | - Yi Chi
- The People's Hospital Medical Group of Xiangzhou, Zhuhai, China
| | - Mingwang Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Beili Xie
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengjie Gao
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lulian Jiang
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqing Zhang
- The People's Hospital Medical Group of Xiangzhou, Zhuhai, China
| | - Keji Chen
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research for Chinses Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
| | - Fuhai Zhao
- Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research for Chinses Medicine Cardiology, Beijing, China
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16
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Lee Y, Hung M, Chen T, Mao C, Yeh C, Kounis NG, Chen IY, Hu P, Hung M. Effects of statins in patients with coronary artery spasm: A nationwide population-based study. Clin Transl Sci 2024; 17:e70087. [PMID: 39568301 PMCID: PMC11579374 DOI: 10.1111/cts.70087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 11/03/2024] [Accepted: 11/05/2024] [Indexed: 11/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Controversies regarding the benefits of statin treatment on clinical outcomes in coronary artery spasm (CAS) without obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) persist due to limited data. In this retrospective nationwide population-based cohort study from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database during the period 2000-2012, the matched cohorts consisted of 12,000 patients with CAS. After propensity score matching with 1:1 ratio, 2216 patients were eligible for outcome analysis in either statin or nonstatin group, with the mean follow-up duration of 4.8 and 4.6 years, respectively. Statin users versus nonusers had a significantly reduced risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) (6.7% vs. 9.5%, hazard ratio [HR] 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55-0.84) and all-cause mortality (6.0% vs. 7.6%; HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.61-0.96). While the results of MACEs were mainly contributed by cardiovascular death (1.9% vs. 3.2%; HR 0.56; 95% CI 0.38-0.83) and ischemic stroke (3.8% vs. 5.4%; subdistribution HR 0.69; 95% CI 0.52-0.91), they were primarily driven by reductions in ischemic but not hemorrhagic stroke. The benefit of statins was significantly pronounced in patients with hypertension and diabetes. Nevertheless, the effect on MACEs was consistent irrespective of age, sex, dyslipidemia, and mental disorder. Statins significantly reduced the risk of MACEs and all-cause mortality in CAS patients. The benefit of statin therapy in reducing MACEs appeared to be linear, with greater risk reduction with higher doses and longer duration without upper threshold, reflecting the dose-dependent relationship of statins with MACEs in CAS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Ching Lee
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Ming‐Jui Hung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, KeelungChang Gung University College of MedicineKeelung CityTaiwan
| | - Tien‐Hsing Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, KeelungChang Gung University College of MedicineKeelung CityTaiwan
| | - Chun‐Tai Mao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, KeelungChang Gung University College of MedicineKeelung CityTaiwan
| | - Chi‐Tai Yeh
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Shuang Ho HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and BiotechnologyYuanpei University of Medical TechnologyHsinchu CityTaiwan
| | | | - Ian Y. Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Stanford Cardiovascular InstituteStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCaliforniaUSA
- Cardiology Section, Medical Service, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo AltoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Patrick Hu
- University of California, RiversideRiversideCaliforniaUSA
- Department of CardiologyRiverside Medical ClinicRiversideCaliforniaUSA
| | - Ming‐Yow Hung
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang Ho HospitalTaipei Medical UniversityNew Taipei CityTaiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of MedicineTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
- Taipei Heart InstituteTaipei Medical UniversityTaipeiTaiwan
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17
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Faria D, Lombardi M, van der Hoeven N, Travieso A, Heemelaar JC, Nijjer SS, Mejía-Rentería H, de Waard GA, Sen S, van de Hoef TP, Petraco R, Echavarría-Pinto M, Piek JJ, Davies JE, van Royen N, Escaned J. Age-related structural remodelling of the coronary circulation. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2024; 104:968-979. [PMID: 39279189 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.31223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2024] [Revised: 08/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While it is broadly accepted that ageing is associated with impairment of coronary microvascular function, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. AIMS We investigated age-related changes in coronary microvascular structure in patients with stable angina without epicardial coronary stenoses. METHODS In an analysis of the IDEAL registry, a total of 165 vessels without coronary stenosis were interrogated with combined pressure/Doppler guidewires. We calculated diastolic microvascular conductance (DMVC) and backward expansion wave (BEW), and compared them between age tertiles. We calculated the prevalence of CMD, defined by reduced coronary flow reserve (CFR), and the prevalence of low BEW and low DMVC in each group. RESULTS The three study groups were defined as having 37-53, 54-66, and 67-77 years of age, respectively. Oldest (3rd tertile) patients showed lower hyperemic flow velocity (46.7 ± 14.4 vs. 45.1 ± 12.4 vs. 38.4 ± 11.5 cm s-1, p = 0.019), lower DMVC (1.90 ± 0.71 vs. 1.44 ± 0.56 vs. 1.37 ± 0.67 cm s-1 mmHg-1, p < 0.001) and lower BEW intensity (5.9 [2.9-8.4] vs. 4.8 [2.9-6.8] vs. 4.4 [3.4-6.3] × 106 W m-2 s-1, p = 0.094). Older age was independently associated with lower BEW intensity (B: -0.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.17 to -0.09, p = 0.021) and DMVC (B: -0.25 95% CI: -0.45 to -0.09, p = 0.027). In patients with CFR < 2.5, the prevalence of BEW intensity and DMVC below the 25th percentile increased with age (25.0% vs. 52.0% vs. 72.7%, p = 0.010). CONCLUSIONS Ageing is independently associated with structural microcirculatory remodeling that is reflected in BEW intensity and DMVC measurements, and with an increased prevalence of structural CMD. These results are important to understand non-obstructive mechanisms of myocardial ischemia in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Faria
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos IDISSC, Complutense University of Madrid and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Algarve, Hospital de Faro, Faro, Portugal
| | - Marco Lombardi
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos IDISSC, Complutense University of Madrid and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Nina van der Hoeven
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam Heart Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alejandro Travieso
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos IDISSC, Complutense University of Madrid and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julius C Heemelaar
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam Heart Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hernán Mejía-Rentería
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos IDISSC, Complutense University of Madrid and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guus A de Waard
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam Heart Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sayan Sen
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Tim P van de Hoef
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ricardo Petraco
- International Centre of Circulatory Health, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, UK
| | - Mauro Echavarría-Pinto
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General ISSSTE Queretaro, Querétaro, Mexico and Autonomous University of Queretaro, Queretaro, México
| | - Jan J Piek
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam Heart Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Justin E Davies
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - Niels van Royen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Javier Escaned
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos IDISSC, Complutense University of Madrid and CIBERCV, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Belmonte M, Foà A, Paolisso P, Bergamaschi L, Gallinoro E, Polimeni A, Scarsini R, Muscoli S, Amicone S, De Vita A, Villano A, Angeli F, Armillotta M, Sucato V, Tremamunno S, Morrone D, Indolfi C, Filardi PP, Ribichini F, Lanza GA, Chieffo A, Barbato E, Pizzi C. Coronary microvascular dysfunction beyond the spectrum of chronic coronary syndromes. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 87:73-82. [PMID: 39447854 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2024.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2024] [Accepted: 10/19/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) beyond the spectrum of chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) is non-negligible, pertaining to pathophysiological and therapeutical implications. Thanks to the availability of accurate and safe non-invasive technique, CMD can be identified as a key player in heart failure, cardiomyopathies, Takotsubo syndrome, aortic stenosis. While CMD is widely recognized as a cause of myocardial ischemia leading to a worse prognosis even in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease, the characterization of CMD patterns beyond CCS might provide valuable insights on the underlying disease progression, being potentially a "red flag" of adverse cardiac remodeling and a major determinant of response to therapy and outcomes. In this review, we aimed to provide an overview of the latest evidence on the prevalence, mechanistic and prognostic implications of CMD beyond the spectrum of CCS (i.e. heart failure, cardiomyopathies, Takotsubo syndrome, aortic stenosis).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Belmonte
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Foà
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC; Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Pasquale Paolisso
- IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Bergamaschi
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC; Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Emanuele Gallinoro
- IRCCS Ospedale Galeazzi Sant'Ambrogio, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Polimeni
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Cardiovascular Research Center, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Roberto Scarsini
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Saverio Muscoli
- U.O.C. Cardiologia, Fondazione Policlinico "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Amicone
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC; Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Antonio De Vita
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Villano
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Angeli
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC; Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Armillotta
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC; Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Sucato
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy; Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Saverio Tremamunno
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, Roma, Italy
| | - Doralisa Morrone
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine-Cardiology Division, University Hospital of Pisa, Italy
| | - Ciro Indolfi
- Istituto di Cardiologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Università degli Studi "Magna Graecia", Catanzaro, Italy; Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | | | - Flavio Ribichini
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gaetano Antonio Lanza
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alaide Chieffo
- Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Interventional Cardiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuele Barbato
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Carmine Pizzi
- Cardiology Unit, Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Department, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria di Bologna; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences - DIMEC; Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Italy.
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19
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Paradies V, Smits PM, Maurina M, Laforgia PL, van der Linden MMJM, Damman P, Smits PC. Absolute coronary blood flow across different endotypes of ANOCA. EUROINTERVENTION 2024; 20:e1227-e1236. [PMID: 39374091 PMCID: PMC11443255 DOI: 10.4244/eij-d-24-00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracoronary continuous thermodilution is a novel technique to quantify absolute true coronary flow and microvascular resistance. However, few data are available in patients with angina with non-obstructive coronary arteries (ANOCA). AIMS This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic potential of hyperaemic absolute coronary flow (Qmax) and absolute microvascular resistance (Rμ,hyper) among different ANOCA endotypes, and to determine the correlation between continuous - and bolus - thermodilution indexes. METHODS A total of 222 patients were scheduled for clinically indicated coronary function testing (CFT), of whom 120 patients were included in this analysis. These patients underwent CFT including acetylcholine (ACh) provocation testing and microvascular function assessment using both bolus and continuous thermodilution. RESULTS CFT was negative (CFT-) in 32 (26.7%) patients. Endothelium-dependent dysfunction (ACh+) was present in 63 (52.5%) patients, and coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) identified at bolus thermodilution (CMD+) was present in 62 (51.7%) patients. Patients with a positive CFT (CFT+) showed significantly lower Qmax and higher Rμ,hyper values as compared to CFT-. Qmax was significantly lower in CMD+ versus CMD- patients (0.174 vs 0.222 L/min; p=0.04) but did not differ in patients with or without a positive ACh test (0.198 vs 0.219 L/min; p=0.86). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of a CFT+ is high in a selected ANOCA population. In our study, Qmax and Rμ,hyper were associated with a positive CFT. Qmax was associated with the presence of microvascular dysfunction but not with a positive acetylcholine test. The novel continuous thermodilution method can provide further insights into ANOCA endotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Paradies
- Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Thoraxcenter, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pim Mathijs Smits
- Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- University Medical Center (UMC) Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Matteo Maurina
- Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Italy
- Cardio Center, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Italy
| | | | | | - Peter Damman
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter C Smits
- Department of Cardiology, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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20
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Li Y, Yu J, Wang Y. Mechanism of Coronary Microcirculation Obstruction after Acute Myocardial Infarction and Cardioprotective Strategies. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2024; 25:367. [PMID: 39484142 PMCID: PMC11522835 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2510367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 11/03/2024] Open
Abstract
ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients are best treated with emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), while coronary microvascular dysfunction and obstruction (CMVO) are indicated by the absence or slowing of antegrade epicardial flow on angiography, resulting in suboptimal myocardial perfusion despite the lack of mechanical vascular obstruction. CMVO occurs in up to half of patients who undergo PCI for the first time and is associated with poor outcomes. This review summarizes the complex mechanisms leading to CMVO and elaborates on the changes observed at the organism, tissue, organ, cellular, and molecular levels. It also describes the current diagnostic methods and comprehensive treatment methods for CMVO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Li
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 100029 Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Yu
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 100029 Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, 100029 Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, 100029 Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, 100029 Beijing, China
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21
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Sucato V, Madaudo C, Galassi AR. The ANOCA/INOCA Dilemma Considering the 2024 ESC Guidelines on Chronic Coronary Syndromes. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2024; 11:302. [PMID: 39452273 PMCID: PMC11508505 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11100302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and its manifestations continue to pose a challenge in clinical practice [...].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristina Madaudo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMISE), University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, University of Palermo, Via del Vespro n 129, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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22
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Xue X, Deng D, Zhang H, Gao Z, Zhu P, Hau WK, Zhang Z, Liu X. Non-Invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction Using Vascular Deformation-Based Flow Estimation. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2024; 71:3000-3013. [PMID: 38805338 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2024.3406416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Non-invasive computation of the index of microcirculatory resistance from coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA), referred to as IMR[Formula: see text], is a promising approach for quantitative assessment of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD). However, the computation of IMR[Formula: see text] remains an important unresolved problem due to its high requirement for the accuracy of coronary blood flow. Existing CTA-based methods for estimating coronary blood flow rely on physiological assumption models to indirectly identify, which leads to inadequate personalization of total and vessel-specific flow. METHODS To overcome this challenge, we propose a vascular deformation-based flow estimation (VDFE) model to directly estimate coronary blood flow for reliable IMR[Formula: see text] computation. Specifically, we extract the vascular deformation of each vascular segment from multi-phase CTA. The concept of inverse problem solving is applied to implicitly derive coronary blood flow based on the physical constraint relationship between blood flow and vascular deformation. The vascular deformation constraints imposed on each segment within the vascular structure ensure sufficient individualization of coronary blood flow. RESULTS Experimental studies on 106 vessels collected from 89 subjects demonstrate the validity of our VDFE, achieving an IMR[Formula: see text] accuracy of 82.08 %. The coronary blood flow estimated by VDFE has better reliability than the other four existing methods. CONCLUSION Our proposed VDFE is an effective approach to non-invasively compute IMR[Formula: see text] with excellent diagnostic performance. SIGNIFICANCE The VDFE has the potential to serve as a safe, effective, and cost-effective clinical tool for guiding CMD clinical treatment and assessing prognosis.
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23
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Taheri H, Taheri M, Ebrahimi P, Soltani P, Zadeh AZ, Anafje M. A recurrent typical angina pectoris without any finding in coronary angiography: Microvascular angina. Clin Case Rep 2024; 12:e9475. [PMID: 39430923 PMCID: PMC11486911 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.9475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/23/2024] [Indexed: 10/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Key Clinical Message Microvascular angina (MVA) can present with recurrent chest pain and normal coronary angiography. Recognizing MVA is crucial as it significantly impacts patient morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and management with antianginal medications are essential for improving outcomes and quality of life. Abstract Cardiovascular diseases are still the main cause of death in many parts of the world. Chest pain and dyspnea are always concerning due to the implications of cardiovascular disease. However, in patients with the involvement of the small coronary vessels (Microvascular Angina), symptoms might be recurrent and persistent despite the presence of normal coronary vessel evaluations. A 45-year-old man with a 25-year smoking history presented with recurrent chest pain, especially during physical activity, and mild shortness of breath. He was admitted, and a coronary angiography the next day appeared normal. However, a cardiac PET scan revealed the involvement of small coronary vessels not visible on angiography. The Patient was a 45-year-old man who presented with recurrent chest pain, more prominent during physical activity. He also had mild shortness of breath. The patient was admitted, and the next day, he underwent normal coronary angiography. The cardiac positron emission tomography (PET scan) showed the involvement of small coronary vessels that were not obvious on angiography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Taheri
- Cedars‐Sinai Smidt Heart InstituteLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Maryam Taheri
- Faculty of Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical SciencesHamadanIran
| | - Pouya Ebrahimi
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Disease Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | - Parnian Soltani
- Tehran Heart Center, Cardiovascular Disease Research InstituteTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
| | | | - Mohsen Anafje
- Cardiogenetic Research Center, Rajaei Cardiovascular Medical and Research CenterIran University of Medical SciencesTehranIran
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24
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Steinberg RS, Dragan A, Mehta PK, Toleva O. Coronary microvascular disease in women: epidemiology, mechanisms, evaluation, and treatment. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2024; 102:594-606. [PMID: 38728748 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) involves functional or structural abnormalities of the coronary microvasculature resulting in dysregulation of coronary blood flow (CBF) in response to myocardial oxygen demand. This perfusion mismatch causes myocardial ischemia, which manifests in patients as microvascular angina (MVA). CMD can be diagnosed non-invasively via multiple imaging techniques or invasively using coronary function testing (CFT), which assists in determining the specific mechanisms involving endothelium-independent and dependent epicardial and microcirculation domains. Unlike traditional coronary artery disease (CAD), CMD can often occur in patients without obstructive atherosclerotic epicardial disease, which can make the diagnosis of CMD difficult. Moreover, MVA due to CMD is more prevalent in women and carries increased risk of future cardiovascular events. Successful treatment of symptomatic CMD is often patient-specific risk factor and endotype targeted. This article aims to review newly identified mechanisms and novel treatment strategies for managing CMD, and outline sex-specific differences in the presentation and pathophysiology of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Steinberg
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine,Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Anamaria Dragan
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine,Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Puja K Mehta
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Olga Toleva
- Emory University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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25
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Vrints C, Andreotti F, Koskinas KC, Rossello X, Adamo M, Ainslie J, Banning AP, Budaj A, Buechel RR, Chiariello GA, Chieffo A, Christodorescu RM, Deaton C, Doenst T, Jones HW, Kunadian V, Mehilli J, Milojevic M, Piek JJ, Pugliese F, Rubboli A, Semb AG, Senior R, Ten Berg JM, Van Belle E, Van Craenenbroeck EM, Vidal-Perez R, Winther S. 2024 ESC Guidelines for the management of chronic coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J 2024; 45:3415-3537. [PMID: 39210710 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
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26
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Pelliccia F, Camici PG. Unraveling the Mysteries Surrounding Takotsubo Syndrome: Insights From a 30-Year Journey. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024; 84:1190-1192. [PMID: 39217548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.06.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo G Camici
- Vita-Salute University and IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
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27
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Liu X, Li C, Zhang Q, Meng Q, Zhang H, Li Z. Comparative study of myocardial perfusion and coronary flow velocity reserve derived from adenosine triphosphate stress myocardial contrast echocardiography in coronary lesions with no/mild stenosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1353736. [PMID: 39380633 PMCID: PMC11460289 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1353736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Qualitative myocardial perfusion (QMP) derived from myocardial contrast echocardiography reflects the capillary flow, while coronary flow velocity reserve from Doppler spectrum (D-CFVR) of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) is used to assess coronary microvascular function, particularly after excluding severe epicardial coronary stenosis. The present study aimed to assess the relationship of QMP and D-CFVR in detecting coronary microvascular disease (CMVD) by using adenosine triphosphate stress myocardial contrast echocardiography (ATP stress MCE). Methods and results Seventy-two patients (mean age: 54.22 ± 12.78 years) with chest pain and <50% coronary stenosis diagnosed by quantitative coronary angiography or dual-source CT underwent ATP stress MCE. The distribution of myocardial perfusion and CFVR value was estimated by experienced physicians. Of the 72 LAD with 0%-50% diameter stenosis, 15 (21%) exhibited abnormal CFVR and 31 (43%) displayed abnormal perfusion with ATP stress MCE. Eleven of the 15 LAD territories (73%) with abnormal CFVR values showed abnormal perfusion. However, CFVR was considered normal in 20 LAD territories (35%), despite the presence of perfusion defect in the territory. Conclusion Abnormal myocardial perfusion during ATP stress MCE was found in a sizable percentage of patients in whom CFVR of the supplying vessel was considered normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuebing Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Non-Invasive Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Ultrasound in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Biomechanics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunmei Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Non-Invasive Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Ultrasound in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Biomechanics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingfeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Non-Invasive Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Ultrasound in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Biomechanics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qingguo Meng
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Non-Invasive Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Ultrasound in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Biomechanics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Non-Invasive Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Ultrasound in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Biomechanics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaohuan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound and Non-Invasive Cardiology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Ultrasound in Cardiac Electrophysiology and Biomechanics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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28
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Sueda S, Sakaue T. The Need for Separate Testing with Acetylcholine for the Assessment of Endothelial Dysfunction and Coronary Artery Spasm. Eur Cardiol 2024; 19:e17. [PMID: 39449721 PMCID: PMC11499973 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2022.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Intracoronary acetylcholine (ACH) testing is clinically useful to diagnose the presence of the coronary vasomotor disorders coronary endothelial dysfunction and coronary epicardial/microvascular spasm. In Western countries, continuous intracoronary injection of ACH for 2-3 minutes without a pacemaker is the usual method, while rapid injection of ACH for 20-30 seconds with a pacemaker is the traditional procedure in Japan. Coronary microvascular spasm is often observed in Western populations, whereas coronary epicardial spasm is frequently seen in Japanese subjects. Methodological differences between Western and Japanese protocols may lead to the opposite prevalence of coronary vasomotor disorders. This article discusses the optimal method for diagnosing endothelial dysfunction and epicardial/microvascular spasm based on previous reports, and compares intracoronary ACH testing performed by Western cardiologists with that by Japanese physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shozo Sueda
- Department of Cardiology, Ehime Niihama Prefectural HospitalNiihama, Japan
| | - Tomoki Sakaue
- Department of Cardiology, Yawatahama City General HospitalYawatahama, Japan
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Jia Y, Hu Y, Yang L, Diao X, Li Y, Wang Y, Wang R, Cao J, Li S. Prognostic value of transient ischemic dilatation by 13N-ammonia PET MPI for short-term outcomes in patients with non-obstructive CAD. Ann Nucl Med 2024:10.1007/s12149-024-01976-8. [PMID: 39251470 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-024-01976-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Transient ischaemic dilatation (TID) had incremental diagnostic and prognostic value in obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), but its clinical significance in patients with non-obstructive CAD remains unknown. We aimed to explore the prognostic value of TID in patients with non-obstructive CAD by 13N-ammonia PET imaging. METHODS We retrospectively studied 131 consecutive patients with non-obstructive CAD undergoing one-day rest-stress 13N-ammonia PET myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). TID was automatically generated using CardIQ Physio software. The receiver operative characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the optimal threshold of TID. The follow-up outcome was major adverse cardiac events (MACE), a composite of re-hospitalization for heart failure or unstable angina, late revascularization, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and cardiac death. Cardiac event-free survivals for normal and abnormal TID were compared using Kaplan-Meier plots and log-rank tests. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 42.08 ± 17.67 months, 22 (16.7%) patients occurred MACE. The optimal cut-off value of TID was 1.03 based on MACE. Our preliminary outcome analysis suggests that TID-abnormal subjects had a lower overall survival probability. Furthermore, our multivariate analysis reveals abnormal TID was the only independent predictor for MACE in non-obstructive CAD. In the subgroup analysis, an abnormal TID was an independent predictor for MACE in patients with abnormal perfusion patterns. CONCLUSION Among patients with non-obstructive CAD, PET-derived TID ≥ 1.03 may identify those with a high risk of subsequent MACE independently. It was also an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in patients with abnormal perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Jia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yingqi Hu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lihong Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- School of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xin Diao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanhui Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ruonan Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianbo Cao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Sijin Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Molecular Imaging of Precision Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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Jansen TPJ, Gietman O, Crooijmans C, Bourich J, Elias-Smale S, van Royen N, Thijssen D, Damman P, Dimitriu-Leen AC. The influence of sympathetic triggering by handgrip exercise on coronary vasoreactivity and complaints in patients with angina and non-obstructive coronary arteries: a proof-of-concept study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2024; 31:1547-1549. [PMID: 38978208 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwae207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Tijn P J Jansen
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf Gietman
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Caïa Crooijmans
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Jihane Bourich
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Suzette Elias-Smale
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Niels van Royen
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Dick Thijssen
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Damman
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
| | - Aukelien C Dimitriu-Leen
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Geert Grooteplein Zuid 10, Nijmegen, 6525 GA, The Netherlands
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Woźniak P, Iwańczyk S, Błaszyk M, Stępień K, Lesiak M, Mularek-Kubzdela T, Araszkiewicz A. Coronary Artery Aneurysm or Ectasia as a Form of Coronary Artery Remodeling: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnostics, Complications, and Treatment. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1984. [PMID: 39335497 PMCID: PMC11428638 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12091984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery aneurysm or ectasia (CAAE) is a term that includes both coronary artery ectasia (CAE) and coronary artery aneurysm (CAA), despite distinct phenotypes and definitions. This anomaly can be found in 0.15-5.3% of coronary angiography. CAE is a diffuse dilatation of the coronary artery at least 1.5 times wider than the diameter of the normal coronary artery in a patient with a length of over 20 mm or greater than one-third of the vessel. CAE can be further subdivided into diffuse and focal dilations by the number and the length of the dilated vessels. Histologically, it presents with extensive destruction of musculoelastic elements, marked degradation of collagen and elastic fibers, and disruption of the elastic lamina. Conversely, CAA is a focal lesion manifesting as focal dilatation, which can be fusiform (if the longitudinal diameter is greater than the transverse) or saccular (if the longitudinal diameter is smaller than the transverse). Giant CAA is defined as a 4-fold enlargement of the vessel diameter and is observed in only 0.02% of patients after coronary. An aneurysmal lesion can be either single or multiple. It can be either a congenital or acquired phenomenon. The pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the formation of CAAE are not well understood. Atherosclerosis is the most common etiology of CAAE in adults, while Kawasaki disease is the most common in children. Other etiological factors include systemic connective tissue diseases, infectious diseases, vasculitis, congenital anomalies, genetic factors, and idiopathic CAA. Invasive assessment of CAAE is based on coronary angiography. Coronary computed tomography (CT) is a noninvasive method that enables accurate evaluation of aneurysm size and location. The most common complications are coronary spasm, local thrombosis, distal embolization, coronary artery rupture, and compression of adjacent structures by giant coronary aneurysms. The approach to each patient with CAAE should depend on the severity of symptoms, anatomical structure, size, and location of the aneurysm. Treatment methods should be carefully considered to avoid possible complications of CAAE. Simultaneously, we should not unnecessarily expose the patient to the risk of intervention or surgical treatment. Patients can be offered conservative or invasive treatment. However, there are still numerous controversies and ambiguities regarding the etiology, prognosis, and treatment of patients with coronary artery aneurysms. This study summarizes the current knowledge about this disease's etiology, pathogenesis, and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Woźniak
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Długa 1/2 Street, 61-848 Poznań, Poland
| | - Sylwia Iwańczyk
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Długa 1/2 Street, 61-848 Poznań, Poland
| | - Maciej Błaszyk
- Department of Radiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Konrad Stępień
- Department of Coronary Artery Disease and Heart Failure, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Prądnicka 80 Street, 31-202 Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Lesiak
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Długa 1/2 Street, 61-848 Poznań, Poland
| | - Tatiana Mularek-Kubzdela
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Długa 1/2 Street, 61-848 Poznań, Poland
| | - Aleksander Araszkiewicz
- 1st Department of Cardiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Długa 1/2 Street, 61-848 Poznań, Poland
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Kong B, Fei H, Cheng S, Ma H, Yin H, Li M, Liu Q, Liu Y, Bai B, Liu F, Guo L, Geng Q. Mental Stress-Induced Myocardial Ischemia Detected by Global Longitudinal Strain and Quantitative Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography in Women With Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2024; 37:894-905. [PMID: 38761987 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2024.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The utility of radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging including positron emission tomography (PET) for diagnosing mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia (MSIMI) is clinically restricted. This study aims to assess the diagnostic performance of novel echocardiographic techniques, including automated strain and quantitative myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) with dedicated software and deep neural network model, for MSIMI detection. The secondary objective was to explore the correlation between changes in myocardial blood flow and MSIMI. METHODS Seventy-two female patients ages 18 to 75 with angina and nonobstructive coronary artery disease (ANOCA) and 23 healthy controls were prospectively recruited. Both echocardiography with contrast agent and PET imaging were performed during structured mental stress testing. Mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia was defined as a summed difference score ≥3 on PET. Echocardiographic parameters including left ventricular global longitudinal strain, β, and A × β were obtained, and their trends during mental stress testing were observed. ΔGLS was defined as the ratio of difference between global longitudinal strain values at stress and rest to the rest data. β reserve and A×β reserve were respectively calculated. RESULTS Thirty-two ANOCA patients (44%) and 1 control (4%) were diagnosed with MSIMI (P < .01). For ANOCA patients with MSIMI, left ventricular GLS, β, and A × β declined to varied extents during mental stress testing compared with those without MSIMI and the controls (P < .05). Bland-Altman plots demonstrated good consistency between β reserve and A × β reserve output by the deep neural network model and iMCE software. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed that ΔGLS, β reserve, and A × β reserve demonstrated favorable ability to predict MSIMI, especially the combination of A × β reserve using iMCE analysis and ΔGLS (area under the curve, 0.94; sensitivity, 83%; specificity, 97%). CONCLUSIONS Novel technologies in echocardiography exhibit the potential to be a clinical alternative to cardiac PET for effectively detecting MSIMI. Attenuated myocardial blood flow response during structured mental stress testing was correlated with MSIMI, providing a reasonable explanation for the chest discomfort persisting in ANOCA women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Kong
- Department of Echocardiography, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwen Fei
- Department of Echocardiography, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyao Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingqi Li
- Department of Ultrasonography, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Quanjun Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Bingqing Bai
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fengyao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingshan Geng
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Cardiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China.
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Benenati S, Campo G, Seitun S, Caglioni S, Leone AM, Porto I. Ischemia with non-obstructive coronary artery (INOCA): Non-invasive versus invasive techniques for diagnosis and the role of #FullPhysiology. Eur J Intern Med 2024; 127:15-24. [PMID: 39039011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2024.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Ischemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA) is an increasingly recognized entity. It encompasses different pathophysiological subtypes (i.e., endotypes), including coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), vasospastic angina (VSA) and mixed entities resulting from the variable combination of both. Diagnosing INOCA and precisely characterizing the endotype allows for accurate medical treatment and has proven prognostic implications. A breadth of diagnostic technique is available, ranging from non-invasive approaches to invasive coronary angiography adjuvated by functional assessment and provocative tests. This review summarizes the strength and limitations of these methodologies and provides the rationale for the routine referral for invasive angiography and functional assessment in this subset of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Benenati
- Department of Internal Medicine (Di.M.I.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gianluca Campo
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona (FE), Italy
| | - Sara Seitun
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Serena Caglioni
- Cardiology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona (FE), Italy
| | - Antonio Maria Leone
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; Center of Excellence in Cardiovascular Sciences, Ospedale Isola Tiberina - Gemelli Isola, Roma
| | - Italo Porto
- Department of Internal Medicine (Di.M.I.), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; Cardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, IRCCS Italian Cardiology Network, Genova, Italy.
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Pompei G, Ganzorig N, Kotanidis CP, Alkhalil M, Collet C, Sinha A, Perera D, Beltrame J, Kunadian V. Novel diagnostic approaches and management of coronary microvascular dysfunction. Am J Prev Cardiol 2024; 19:100712. [PMID: 39161975 PMCID: PMC11332818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanism underlying ischaemic heart disease (IHD) has been primarily attributed to obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). However, non-obstructive coronary arteries are identified in >50% of patients undergoing elective coronary angiography, recently leading to growing interest in the investigation and management of angina/ischaemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries (ANOCA/INOCA). INOCA is an umbrella term encompassing a multiple spectrum of possible pathogenetic entities, including coronary vasomotor disorders which consist of two major endotypes: coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) and vasospastic angina. Both conditions can coexist and be associated with concomitant obstructive CAD. Particularly, CMD refers to myocardial ischaemia due to reduced vasodilatory capacity of coronary microcirculation secondary to structural remodelling or impaired resting microvascular tone (functional) or a combination of both. CMD is not a benign condition and is more prevalent in women presenting with chronic coronary syndrome compared to men. In this setting, an impaired coronary flow reserve has been associated with increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events. ANOCA/INOCA patients also experience impaired quality of life and associated increased healthcare costs. Therefore, research in this scenario has led to better definition, classification, and prognostic stratification based on the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. The development and validation of non-invasive imaging modalities, invasive coronary vasomotor function testing and angiography-derived indices provide a comprehensive characterisation of CMD. The present narrative review aims to summarise current data relating to the diagnostic approach to CMD and provides details on the sequence that therapeutic management should follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziella Pompei
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NewcastleUniversity, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Cardiovascular Institute, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Ferrara, Cona, FE, Italy
| | - Nandine Ganzorig
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NewcastleUniversity, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Christos P. Kotanidis
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NewcastleUniversity, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Cardiothoracic Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Alkhalil
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NewcastleUniversity, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Cardiothoracic Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Collet
- Cardiovascular Center Aalst, OLV Clinic, Aalst, Belgium
| | - Aish Sinha
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Divaka Perera
- School of Cardiovascular Medicine and Sciences, British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - John Beltrame
- Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital & The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Vijay Kunadian
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, NewcastleUniversity, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Cardiothoracic Centre, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Spiro J, Ford TJ, Yong A, Zeitz C, Beltrame JF. Protocol Variation in Functional Coronary Angiography Among Patients With Suspected Angina With Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries: A Nationwide Snapshot of Current Practice Within Australia and New Zealand. Heart Lung Circ 2024; 33:1287-1296. [PMID: 38951052 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2024.04.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional coronary angiography (FCA) for endotype characterisation (vasospastic angina [VSA], coronary microvascular disease [CMD], or mixed) is recommended among patients with angina with non-obstructive coronary arteries. Whilst clear diagnostic criteria for VSA and CMD exist, there is no standardised FCA protocol. Variations in testing protocol may limit the widespread uptake of testing, generalisability of results, and expansion of collaborative research. At present, there are no data describing protocol variation across an entire geographic region. Therefore, we aimed to capture current practice variations in the approach to FCA to improve access and standardisation for diagnosis of coronary vasomotor disorders in Australia and New Zealand. METHOD Between July 2022 and July 2023, we conducted a national survey across all centres in Australia and New Zealand with an active FCA program. The survey captured attitudes towards FCA and protocols used for diagnosis of coronary vasomotor disorders at 33 hospitals across Australia and New Zealand. RESULTS Survey responses were received from 39 clinicians from 33 centres, with representation from centres within all Australian states and territories and both North and South Islands of New Zealand. A total of 21 centres were identified as having an active FCA program. In general, respondents agreed that comprehensive physiology testing helped inform clinical management. Barriers to program expansion included cost, additional catheter laboratory time, and the absence of an agreed-upon national protocol. Across the clinical sites, there were significant variations in testing protocol, including the technique used (Doppler vs thermodilution), order of testing (hyperaemia resistance indices first vs vasomotor function testing first), rate and dose of acetylcholine administration, routine use of temporary pacing wire, and routine single vs multivessel testing. Overall, testing was performed relatively infrequently, with very little follow-on FCA performed, despite nearly all respondents believing this would be clinically useful. CONCLUSIONS This survey demonstrates, for the first time, variations in FCA protocol among testing centres across two entire countries. Furthermore, whilst FCA was deemed clinically important, testing was performed relatively infrequently with little or no follow-on testing. Development and adoption of a standardised national FCA protocol may help improve patient access to testing and facilitate further collaborative research within Australia and New Zealand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Spiro
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia; University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Thomas J Ford
- Department of Cardiology, Gosford Hospital, Central Coast Local Health District, Gosford, NSW, Australia
| | - Andy Yong
- Department of Cardiology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chris Zeitz
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Adelaide Hospital and The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia; University of Adelaide, Basil Hetzel Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - John F Beltrame
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Adelaide Hospital and The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia; University of Adelaide, Basil Hetzel Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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Sueda S, Hayashi Y, Ono H, Okabe H, Sakaue T, Ikeda S. Lack of Class I Vasoreactivity Testing for Diagnosing Patients With Coronary Artery Spasm. Clin Cardiol 2024; 47:e70004. [PMID: 39192815 DOI: 10.1002/clc.70004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vasoreactivity testing, such as intracoronary acetylcholine (ACh) or ergometrine (EM), is defined as Class I for the diagnosis of patients with vasospastic angina (VSA) according to recommendations from the Coronary Vasomotion Disorders International Study (COVADIS) group and guidelines from the Japanese Circulation Society (JCS). HYPOTHESIS Although vasoreactivity testing is a clinically useful tool, it carries some risks and limitations in diagnosing coronary artery spasm. METHODS Previous reports on vasoreactivity testing for diagnosing the presence of coronary spasm are summarized from the perspective of Class I. RESULTS There are several problems such as reproducibility, underestimation, overestimation, and inconclusive/nonspecific results associated with daily spasm. Because provoked spasm caused by intracoronary ACh is not always similar to that caused by intracoronary EM, possibly due to different mediators, supplementary use of these vasoreactivity tests is necessary for cardiologists to diagnose VSA when a provoked spasm is not revealed by each vasoactive agent. CONCLUSIONS Cardiologists should understand the imperfection of these vasoreactivity tests when diagnosing patients with VSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shozo Sueda
- Department of Cardiology, Minami Matsuyama Hospital, Matsuyma City, Ehime, Japan
| | - Yutaka Hayashi
- Department of Cardiology, Minami Matsuyama Hospital, Matsuyma City, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ono
- Department of Cardiology, Ehime Prefectural Niihama Hospital, Niihama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Hikaru Okabe
- Department of Cardiology, Ehime Prefectural Niihama Hospital, Niihama, Ehime, Japan
| | - Tomoki Sakaue
- Department of Cardiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Touon-shi, Ehime, Japan
| | - Shuntaro Ikeda
- Department of Cardiology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Touon-shi, Ehime, Japan
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Allan TE, Mayer MM, Miner SE, Patel H, Patel AR, Balkhy HH, Paul JD, Shah AP, Nathan S, Blair JE. Prevalence of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction and Epicardial Spasm in Patients With Angina and Myocardial Bridge. JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CARDIOVASCULAR ANGIOGRAPHY & INTERVENTIONS 2024; 3:102196. [PMID: 39575216 PMCID: PMC11576376 DOI: 10.1016/j.jscai.2024.102196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 11/24/2024]
Abstract
Background Myocardial bridges (MB) are prevalent but not universally associated with angina. The mechanisms linking MB and angina are poorly defined. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of epicardial spasm, microvascular spasm, and/or endothelium-independent coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) in patients with MB which might explain symptoms. Methods Patients with known MB and chest pain at the University of Chicago Medical Center between 2020-2023 were included. All patients underwent dobutamine testing with measurement of resting full-cycle ratio to determine hemodynamic significance (resting full-cycle ratio ≤0.76). Endothelium-independent CMD was defined as coronary flow reserve <2.0 or index of microvascular resistance ≥25 on adenosine testing. Microvascular spasm was defined as chest pain and electrocardiogram changes with nonischemic fractional flow reserve with acetylcholine. Epicardial spasm was defined as dynamic stenosis of >90% of the epicardial vessel or ischemic fractional flow reserve (≤0.8) with acetylcholine. Results A total of 30 patients (mean age, 47 ± 10 years; 60% female) with MB were studied. Endothelium-independent CMD, microvascular spasm, and epicardial spasm occurred commonly in 60%, 29%, and 37% of patients respectively, with 77% having at least one abnormality. The MB was hemodynamically significant in 47% of patients, and the prevalence of these coexisting conditions was not affected by hemodynamic significance. Conclusions Epicardial spasm, microvascular spasm, and endothelium-independent CMD are prevalent in patients presenting with known MB and chest pain irrespective of the hemodynamic significance of the bridge. Invasive coronary function testing may play an important role in uncovering alternative explanations for angina in patients with known MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess E. Allan
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Michael M. Mayer
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Steven E.S. Miner
- Division of Cardiology, Southlake Regional Health Centre, Newmarket, Ontario, Canada
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hena Patel
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Amit R. Patel
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Husam H. Balkhy
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jonathan D. Paul
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Atman P. Shah
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sandeep Nathan
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John E.A. Blair
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Ito T, Yokoi M, Kitada S, Kawada Y, Mizoguchi T, Kikuchi S, Goto T, Seo Y. Increased circulating levels of malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein in patients with coronary microvascular dysfunction. J Clin Lipidol 2024; 18:e756-e763. [PMID: 39278779 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacl.2024.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is associated with angina symptoms and adverse clinical outcomes in patients without obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). Malondialdehyde-modified low-density lipoprotein (MDA-LDL) is reportedly a marker of the initiation and acceleration of epicardial coronary atherosclerosis. However, its impact on CMD remains unclear. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the relationship between CMD and MDA-LDL levels. METHODS This study included 95 patients who did not receive lipid-lowering medications and had no obstructive CAD. Obstructive CAD was defined as >50% diameter reduction on coronary angiography or fractional flow reserve of ≤0.80. We retrospectively analyzed coronary flow reserve (CFR), index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR), and MDA-LDL levels. CMD was defined as either CFR <2.0 or IMR ≥25. RESULTS CMD was observed in 29 (31%) patients. MDA-LDL levels were significantly higher in patients with CMD than in those without CMD (124.8 ± 37.6 vs. 95.3 ± 29.5 U/L; p < 0.01). Univariable logistic regression analysis indicated a significant relationship between CMD and MDA-LDL levels (odds ratio (OR): 1.03; p < 0.01). In the multivariable model, MDA-LDL levels were significantly associated with CMD (OR: 1.02; p < 0.01). Regression analysis showed a significant correlation between MDA-LDL levels and CFR (r = -0.42, p < 0.01) and IMR (r = 0.35, p < 0.01). In the multiple regression analysis, MDA-LDL levels were independently associated with CFR (β = -0.30, p < 0.01) and IMR (β = 0.26, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION MDA-LDL levels were associated with CMD in patients without obstructive CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Ito
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan (Drs Ito, Yokoi, Kitada, Kawada, Mizoguchi, Kikuchi, Goto, and Seo).
| | - Masashi Yokoi
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan (Drs Ito, Yokoi, Kitada, Kawada, Mizoguchi, Kikuchi, Goto, and Seo)
| | - Shuichi Kitada
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan (Drs Ito, Yokoi, Kitada, Kawada, Mizoguchi, Kikuchi, Goto, and Seo)
| | - Yu Kawada
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan (Drs Ito, Yokoi, Kitada, Kawada, Mizoguchi, Kikuchi, Goto, and Seo)
| | - Tatsuya Mizoguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan (Drs Ito, Yokoi, Kitada, Kawada, Mizoguchi, Kikuchi, Goto, and Seo)
| | - Shohei Kikuchi
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan (Drs Ito, Yokoi, Kitada, Kawada, Mizoguchi, Kikuchi, Goto, and Seo)
| | - Toshihiko Goto
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan (Drs Ito, Yokoi, Kitada, Kawada, Mizoguchi, Kikuchi, Goto, and Seo)
| | - Yoshihiro Seo
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan (Drs Ito, Yokoi, Kitada, Kawada, Mizoguchi, Kikuchi, Goto, and Seo)
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Unkun T, Demirci K, Fidan S, Derebey ST, Sengör BG, Yılmaz C, Efe SC, Alıcı G, Özkan B, Karagöz A. Usability of myocardial work parameters in demonstrating myocardial involvement in INOCA patients. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2024; 52:827-836. [PMID: 38701116 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial work (MW) is a novel echocardiographic modality, which has been shown to have diagnostic and prognostic values in patients with cardiovascular diseases, patients with obstructive coronary artery disease, in particular. However, only a handful of studies have examined the MW analysis in ischemia with nonobstructive coronary artery (INOCA) disease. This study, therefore, aimed to detect the early left ventricular involvement in INOCA patients diagnosed by an invasive coronary angiography performing the MW analysis. METHODS This study included a total of 119 patients with nonobstructive coronary artery disease diagnosed by invasive coronary angiography, who were checked for prior ischemia tests performing myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. Out of these 119 patients, 49 patients developed ischemia (i.e., ischemic group) diagnosed using cardiac single-photon emission computed tomography, whereas 70 patients did not (i.e., nonischemic group). The subjects were divided into three groups based on the global MW tertiles. The groups were compared in terms of the conventional, longitudinal strain, and MW findings by conducting echocardiographic examinations. RESULTS The study subjects were divided into three groups based on the global constrictive work (GCW) value. The three groups were not statistically different in terms of the mean age of the patients (53.0 ± 12 vs. 52.4 ± 13.3 vs. 52.1 ± 12.3; p = 0.96). Furthermore, the three groups were not statistically different regarding the gender, height, weight, and laboratory parameters of the patients except albumin. There was no statistically difference among the tertiles of GCW groups in the measurements of cardiac chambers, LA diameter, interventricular septum, E wave, and A wave. Also, there was no statistical difference in tissue Doppler recordings. The parameters associated with MW were examined, three groups were not statistically different in terms of the global waste work (GWW) (116 ± 92, 122 ± 73, 135 ± 62, p = 0.52, respectively). In contrast, the three groups were different regarding the Global work index (GWI) (1716 ± 300, 1999 ± 130, 2253 ± 195, p < 0.001, respectively), GCW (1888 ± 206, 2298 ± 75, 2614 ± 155, p < 0.001, respectively), and Global work efficiency parameters (92.8 ± 3.6, 94.4 ± 3.2, 95.1 ± 1.8 p = 0.004, respectively). CONCLUSION It was concluded that the MW parameters GCW and GWI may have been used for predicting INOCA in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Unkun
- Department of Cardiology, Kartal Kosuyolu Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Koray Demirci
- Department of Cardiology, Kartal Kosuyolu Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Fidan
- Department of Cardiology, Kartal Kosuyolu Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Büsra Güvendi Sengör
- Department of Cardiology, Kartal Kosuyolu Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cemalettin Yılmaz
- Department of Cardiology, Kartal Kosuyolu Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Süleyman Cagan Efe
- Department of Cardiology, Kartal Kosuyolu Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gokhan Alıcı
- Department of Cardiology, Kartal Kosuyolu Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Birol Özkan
- Department of Cardiology, Kartal Kosuyolu Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Karagöz
- Department of Cardiology, Kartal Kosuyolu Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
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Zhang Y, Pu J, Niu T, Fang J, Chen D, Yidilisi A, Zheng Y, Lu J, Hu Y, Koo BK, Xiang J, Wang J, Jiang J. Prognostic Value of Coronary Angiography-Derived Index of Microcirculatory Resistance in Non-ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2024; 17:1874-1886. [PMID: 39115479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2024.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The index of microcirculatory resistance is a reliable measure for evaluating coronary microvasculature, but its prognostic value in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) remains unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic impact of postpercutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) angiography-derived index of microcirculatory resistance (angio-IMR) in patients with NSTEMI. METHODS The culprit vessel's angio-IMR was measured after PCI in 2,212 NSTEMI patients at 3 sites. The primary endpoint was 2-year major adverse cardiac events (MACEs), defined as a composite of cardiac death, readmission for heart failure, myocardial reinfarction, and target vessel revascularization. RESULTS The mean post-PCI angio-IMR was 20.63 ± 4.17 in NSTEMI patients. A total of 206 patients were categorized as the high post-PCI angio-IMR group according to maximally selected log-rank statistics. Patients with angio-IMR >25 showed a higher rate of MACEs than those with angio-IMR ≤25 (32.52% vs 9.37%; P < 0.001). Post-PCI angio-IMR >25 was an independent predictor of MACEs (HR: 4.230; 95% CI: 3.151-5.679; P < 0.001) and showed incremental prognostic value compared with conventional risk factors (AUC: 0.774 vs 0.716; P < 0.001; net reclassification index: 0.317; P < 0.001; integrated discrimination improvement: 0.075; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing PCI for NSTEMI, an increased post-PCI angio-IMR is associated with a higher risk of MACEs. The addition of post-PCI angio-IMR into conventional risk factors significantly improves the ability to reclassify patients and estimate the risk of MACEs. (Angiograph-Derived Index of Microcirculatory Resistance in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction; NCT05696379).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tiesheng Niu
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiacheng Fang
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Delong Chen
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Abuduwufuer Yidilisi
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiyue Zheng
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia Lu
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yumeng Hu
- ArteryFlow Technology Co, Ltd, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bon-Kwon Koo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Jian'an Wang
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Jun Jiang
- Department of Cardiology of The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of Transvascular Implantation Devices, Hangzhou, China; Cardiovascular Key Laboratory Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China.
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Chen M, Hao J, Zhang C. Exceptionally rare MINOCA: a case of acute myocardial infarction following surgery for Stanford type A aortic dissection. J Cardiothorac Surg 2024; 19:485. [PMID: 39169413 PMCID: PMC11337637 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-024-02979-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aortic dissection is a severe cardiovascular condition associated with high mortality rates, particularly in cases of Stanford type A aortic dissection (TAAD). Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) following surgery for TAAD is rare but potentially fatal. CASE PRESENTATION A 69-year-old woman presented with sudden chest pain and was diagnosed with acute TAAD. Emergency surgery was performed, during which complications arose, including significant hemodynamic instability. Despite efforts to manage the patient's condition postoperatively, she developed hemodynamic instability and myocardial infarction, leading to cardiogenic shock. MINOCA was diagnosed based on clinical presentation, echocardiographic findings, and coronary angiography ruling out significant stenosis or occlusion. The patient's condition deteriorated despite aggressive treatment, ultimately resulting in death. CONCLUSION MINOCA following surgery for TAAD is a rare but serious complication. Vigilant postoperative monitoring and timely intervention are essential for identifying and managing acute cardiac dysfunction in these patients. Further research is required to improve outcomes in this challenging clinical scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoyun Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
| | - Junhai Hao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China
| | - Chongjian Zhang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiac Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, 510080, P.R. China.
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Oancea AF, Morariu PC, Buburuz AM, Miftode IL, Miftode RS, Mitu O, Jigoranu A, Floria DE, Timpau A, Vata A, Plesca C, Botnariu G, Burlacu A, Scripcariu DV, Raluca M, Cuciureanu M, Tanase DM, Costache-Enache II, Floria M. Spectrum of Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease and Its Relationship with Atrial Fibrillation. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4921. [PMID: 39201063 PMCID: PMC11355151 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13164921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This article aims to analyze the relationship between non-obstructive coronary artery disease (NOCAD) and atrial fibrillation (AF), exploring the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms and implications for clinical management. NOCAD and AF are prevalent cardiovascular conditions that often coexist, yet their interrelation is not well understood. NOCAD can lead to ischemic necrosis of cardiomyocytes and their replacement with fibrous tissue, sustaining focal ectopic activity in atrial myocardium. Atrial fibrillation, on the other hand, the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia, is able to accelerate atherosclerosis and increase oxygen consumption in the myocardium, creating a mismatch between supply and demand, and thus promoting the development or worsening of coronary ischemia. Therefore, NOCAD and AF seem to be a complex interplay with one begets another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru-Florinel Oancea
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-F.O.); (R.S.M.); (O.M.); (A.J.); (D.-E.F.); (A.T.); (A.B.); (D.-V.S.); (D.M.T.); (I.I.C.-E.); (M.F.)
- Saint Spiridon Emergency Hospital, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Paula Cristina Morariu
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-F.O.); (R.S.M.); (O.M.); (A.J.); (D.-E.F.); (A.T.); (A.B.); (D.-V.S.); (D.M.T.); (I.I.C.-E.); (M.F.)
- Saint Spiridon Emergency Hospital, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Ana Maria Buburuz
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-F.O.); (R.S.M.); (O.M.); (A.J.); (D.-E.F.); (A.T.); (A.B.); (D.-V.S.); (D.M.T.); (I.I.C.-E.); (M.F.)
- Saint Spiridon Emergency Hospital, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Ionela-Larisa Miftode
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.-L.M.); (A.V.); (C.P.)
- St Parascheva Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 700116 Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu Stefan Miftode
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-F.O.); (R.S.M.); (O.M.); (A.J.); (D.-E.F.); (A.T.); (A.B.); (D.-V.S.); (D.M.T.); (I.I.C.-E.); (M.F.)
- Saint Spiridon Emergency Hospital, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Ovidiu Mitu
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-F.O.); (R.S.M.); (O.M.); (A.J.); (D.-E.F.); (A.T.); (A.B.); (D.-V.S.); (D.M.T.); (I.I.C.-E.); (M.F.)
- Saint Spiridon Emergency Hospital, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Alexandru Jigoranu
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-F.O.); (R.S.M.); (O.M.); (A.J.); (D.-E.F.); (A.T.); (A.B.); (D.-V.S.); (D.M.T.); (I.I.C.-E.); (M.F.)
- Saint Spiridon Emergency Hospital, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Diana-Elena Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-F.O.); (R.S.M.); (O.M.); (A.J.); (D.-E.F.); (A.T.); (A.B.); (D.-V.S.); (D.M.T.); (I.I.C.-E.); (M.F.)
- Saint Spiridon Emergency Hospital, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Amalia Timpau
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-F.O.); (R.S.M.); (O.M.); (A.J.); (D.-E.F.); (A.T.); (A.B.); (D.-V.S.); (D.M.T.); (I.I.C.-E.); (M.F.)
- Saint Spiridon Emergency Hospital, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Andrei Vata
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.-L.M.); (A.V.); (C.P.)
- St Parascheva Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 700116 Iasi, Romania
| | - Claudia Plesca
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (I.-L.M.); (A.V.); (C.P.)
- St Parascheva Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 700116 Iasi, Romania
| | - Gina Botnariu
- Saint Spiridon Emergency Hospital, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Unit of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandru Burlacu
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-F.O.); (R.S.M.); (O.M.); (A.J.); (D.-E.F.); (A.T.); (A.B.); (D.-V.S.); (D.M.T.); (I.I.C.-E.); (M.F.)
- Cardiovascular Disease Institute, 700503 Iasi, Romania
| | - Dragos-Viorel Scripcariu
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-F.O.); (R.S.M.); (O.M.); (A.J.); (D.-E.F.); (A.T.); (A.B.); (D.-V.S.); (D.M.T.); (I.I.C.-E.); (M.F.)
- Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mitea Raluca
- Faculty of Medicine Victor Papilian, University of Lucian Blaga, 550169 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Magdalena Cuciureanu
- Department of Pharmacology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Daniela Maria Tanase
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-F.O.); (R.S.M.); (O.M.); (A.J.); (D.-E.F.); (A.T.); (A.B.); (D.-V.S.); (D.M.T.); (I.I.C.-E.); (M.F.)
- Saint Spiridon Emergency Hospital, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Irina Iuliana Costache-Enache
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-F.O.); (R.S.M.); (O.M.); (A.J.); (D.-E.F.); (A.T.); (A.B.); (D.-V.S.); (D.M.T.); (I.I.C.-E.); (M.F.)
- Saint Spiridon Emergency Hospital, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Mariana Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (A.-F.O.); (R.S.M.); (O.M.); (A.J.); (D.-E.F.); (A.T.); (A.B.); (D.-V.S.); (D.M.T.); (I.I.C.-E.); (M.F.)
- Saint Spiridon Emergency Hospital, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
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Montone RA, Rinaldi R, Niccoli G, Andò G, Gragnano F, Piccolo R, Pelliccia F, Moscarella E, Zimarino M, Fabris E, de Rosa S, Calabrò P, Porto I, Burzotta F, Grigioni F, Barbato E, Chieffo A, Capodanno D, Al-Lamee R, Ford TJ, Brugaletta S, Indolfi C, Sinagra G, Perrone Filardi P, Crea F. Optimizing Management of Stable Angina: A Patient-Centered Approach Integrating Revascularization, Medical Therapy, and Lifestyle Interventions. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024; 84:744-760. [PMID: 39142729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2024.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Angina pectoris may arise from obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) or in the absence of significant CAD (ischemia with nonobstructed coronary arteries [INOCA]). Therapeutic strategies for patients with angina and obstructive CAD focus on reducing cardiovascular events and relieving symptoms, whereas in INOCA the focus shifts toward managing functional alterations of the coronary circulation. In obstructive CAD, coronary revascularization might improve angina status, although a significant percentage of patients present angina persistence or recurrence, suggesting the presence of functional mechanisms along with epicardial CAD. In patients with INOCA, performing a precise endotype diagnosis is crucial to allow a tailored therapy targeted toward the specific pathogenic mechanism. In this expert opinion paper, we review the evidence for the management of angina, highlighting the complementary role of coronary revascularization, optimal medical therapy, and lifestyle interventions and underscoring the importance of a personalized approach that targets the underlying pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco A Montone
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Rinaldi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; Hospital Clínic, Cardiovascular Clinic Institute, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Giuseppe Andò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, AOU Policlinico "Gaetano Martino," Messina, Italy
| | - Felice Gragnano
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Caserta, Italy; Division of Clinical Cardiology, AORN "Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano," Caserta, Italy
| | - Raffaele Piccolo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Pelliccia
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, "La Sapienza" University, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Moscarella
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Caserta, Italy; Division of Clinical Cardiology, AORN "Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano," Caserta, Italy
| | - Marco Zimarino
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "Gabriele d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy; Department of Cardiology, "SS. Annunziata Hospital," Abruzzo, Chieti, Italy
| | - Enrico Fabris
- Cardio-thoraco-vascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Salvatore de Rosa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Paolo Calabrò
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Caserta, Italy; Division of Clinical Cardiology, AORN "Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano," Caserta, Italy
| | - Italo Porto
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Burzotta
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Emanuele Barbato
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alaide Chieffo
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Davide Capodanno
- Division of Cardiology, A.O.U. Policlinico "G. Rodolico-San Marco," University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rasha Al-Lamee
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom J Ford
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Salvatore Brugaletta
- Hospital Clínic, Cardiovascular Clinic Institute, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ciro Indolfi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardio-thoraco-vascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy; Center of Excellence of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ospedale Isola Tiberina-Gemelli Isola, Rome, Italy
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Tawa M, Nakagawa K, Ohkita M. Efficacy of BAY 60-2770, a Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Activator, for Coronary Spasm in Animal Models. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2024; 390:280-287. [PMID: 38262743 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.123.001918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Ischemia with non-obstructive coronary arteries (INOCA), caused by coronary artery spasm, has gained increasing attention owing to the poor quality of life of impacted patients. Therapeutic options to address INOCA remain limited, and developing new therapeutic agents is desirable. Here, we examined whether soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) activators could be beneficial in preventing coronary spasms. In organ chamber experiments with isolated canine coronary arteries, prostaglandin F2 α -induced, endothelin-1-induced, 5-hydroxytryptamine-induced, and potassium chloride-induced contractions were suppressed by the sGC activator BAY 60-2770 (0.1, 1, and 10 nM). In isolated pig coronary arteries, BAY 60-2770 (0.1, 1, and 10 nM) could prolong the cycle length of phasic contractions induced by 3,4-diaminopyridine, as well as lower the peak and bottom tension of the contraction in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, BAY 60-2770 (1 pM-0.1 µM) evoked a concentration-related relaxation to a greater extent in small (first diagonal branch) coronary arteries than in large (left anterior descending) coronary arteries. In vasopressin-induced angina model rats, pretreatment with BAY 60-2770 (3 µg/kg) suppressed electrocardiogram S-wave depression induced by arginine vasopressin without affecting changes in mean blood pressure and heart rate. These findings suggest that BAY 60-2770 could be valuable in preventing both large and small coronary spasms. Therefore, sGC activators could represent a novel and efficacious therapeutic option for INOCA. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) activator BAY 60-2770 exerted antispastic effects on the coronary arteries in animal vasospasm models as proof-of-concept studies. These data can help to support potential clinical development with sGC activators, suitable for human use in patients with vasospastic angina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Tawa
- Department of Pathological and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan (M.T., K.N., M.O.)
| | - Keisuke Nakagawa
- Department of Pathological and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan (M.T., K.N., M.O.)
| | - Mamoru Ohkita
- Department of Pathological and Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan (M.T., K.N., M.O.)
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Bouisset F, Escaned J, Munhoz D, Mizukami T, Seki R, Salazar CH, Sonck J, Gonzalo N, De Bruyne B, Collet C. Microcirculatory status after intravascular lithotripsy: The MARVEL study. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2024:S1553-8389(24)00631-6. [PMID: 39181811 DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2024.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Frederic Bouisset
- Cardiovascular center OLV, Aalst, Belgium; Department of Cardiology, Toulouse university Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Javier Escaned
- Hospital Clinico Universitario San Carlos IDSCC, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Ruiko Seki
- Cardiovascular center OLV, Aalst, Belgium
| | - Carlos H Salazar
- Hospital Clinico Universitario San Carlos IDSCC, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Nieves Gonzalo
- Hospital Clinico Universitario San Carlos IDSCC, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Wang S, Huang X, Xiao Q, Xu Y, Wei X. Delayed ventricular septal rupture complicated with ventricular aneurysm in a case of myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:419. [PMID: 39134991 PMCID: PMC11321109 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-04100-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) is a rare cause of heart attack, which may not receive sufficient attention from patients during post-discharge treatment, especially among those with normal coronary angiography results. CASE PRESENTATION We present the case of a 65-year-old woman who was readmitted to the hospital with ventricular septal rupture (VSR) complicated by ventricular aneurysm, occurring 2 weeks after myocardial infarction. During the initial admission, coronary angiography revealed normal coronary arteries, leading to a diagnosis of MINOCA. Epicardial coronary vasospasm or coronary embolism was considered as potential causes; however, the patient did not adhere to standardized treatment upon initial discharge. The delayed VSR led to a decline in cardiac function but did not result in severe hemodynamic impairment. Following correction of heart failure with medications, the patient underwent percutaneous VSR repair 19 days after diagnosis and was discharged with a favorable recovery. CONCLUSIONS The occurrence of delayed VSR complicated with ventricular aneurysm in patients with MINOCA is rare, highlighting the possibility of serious complications in MINOCA cases. Both cardioprotective therapies and cause-targeted therapies are essential in the management of patients with MINOCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Wang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xu Huang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Qianfeng Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 37 Guoxue Road, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Mahmoudi Hamidabad N, Kanaji Y, Ozcan I, Sara JDS, Ahmad A, Lerman LO, Lerman A. Prognostic Implications of Resistive Reserve Ratio in Patients With Nonobstructive Coronary Artery Disease With Myocardial Bridging. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e035000. [PMID: 39082414 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.124.035000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial bridging (MB) is accompanied by the dynamic extravascular compression of epicardial coronary arteries, leading to intracoronary hemodynamic disturbance with abnormal coronary flow profiles. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic implications of resistive reserve ratio (RRR), a composite measure of flow and pressure parameters that represents the vasodilatory capacity of the coronary arteries, in patients with angina with nonobstructive coronary artery disease (ANOCA) and MB, in comparison with coronary flow reserve (CFR). METHODS AND RESULTS In this retrospective cohort study, we included patients with ANOCA who underwent coronary reactivity testing, where MB was identified by transient constriction in coronary artery segments between systole and diastole. Abnormal CFR and RRR were defined as <2.5 and <2.62, respectively. Major adverse cardiac events, including cardiovascular death, stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and late revascularization, served as outcomes. Among 1251 patients with ANOCA, 191 (15.3%) had MB. The prevalence of abnormal CFR or RRR was not significantly different between patients with and without MB (P=0.144 and P=0.398, respectively). Over a median follow-up time of 6.9 years, abnormal RRR predicted major adverse cardiac events in patients with MB (hazard ratio [HR], 4.38 [95% CI, 1.71-11.21]; P=0.002) and without MB (HR, 1.91 [95% CI, 1.38-2.64]; P<0.001). Abnormal CFR predicted major adverse cardiac events in patients without MB (HR, 2.15 [95% CI, 1.54-3.00]; P<0.001), whereas it was not predictive of major adverse cardiac events in patients with MB (HR, 2.29 [95% CI, 0.93-5.65]; P=0.073). CONCLUSIONS In patients with ANOCA and MB, impaired RRR was superior to impaired CFR in distinguishing patients at a higher risk of future adverse events, suggesting that RRR may serve as a risk stratification tool in patients with MB and ANOCA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yoshihisa Kanaji
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital Ibaraki Japan
| | - Ilke Ozcan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
| | | | - Ali Ahmad
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
| | - Lilach O Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Mayo Clinic Rochester MN
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Liu Y, Jiang W, Wang H, Xu M, Liao Y, Zhou H, Bai B, Liu F, Yin H, Liu Q, Liang Y, Yu X, Guo L, Wang S, Ma H, Geng Q. Objective Ischemia, Subjective Angina, and Psychological Distress in Angina With No Obstructive Coronary Disease. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e034644. [PMID: 39082421 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.124.034644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angina with no obstructive coronary disease (ANOCA) and ischemia with no obstructive coronary disease, prevalent yet underrecognized conditions, mostly affect women. Previous studies rarely distinguished between them. We aimed to compare the prevalence of objective ischemia through various examinations in women with ANOCA and assess the impact of objective and subjective ischemia on their mental health. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 84 eligible women with ANOCA and 42 controls underwent mental stress, pharmacological stress, exercise stress, and Holter testing. Objective evidence of myocardial ischemia was assessed by positron emission tomography-computed tomography and ECG, and subjective symptoms were graded using the Canadian Cardiovascular Society scale (CCS). Psychological assessments were conducted using 6 scales. Among 84 women with ANOCA, 37 (44%) received a diagnosis of ischemia with no obstructive coronary disease following mental stress testing, 20 (28.6%) through pharmacological stress testing, 14 (21.2%) via exercise stress testing, and 24 (32.9%) from Holter. Mental stress-induced myocardial ischemia was more prevalent (P<0.05). Among 54 patients with ANOCA who completed all tests, 30% showed no ischemia, and only 1 (1.9%) showed ischemia in all tests. In addition, patients with ANOCA had higher psychological scores than controls (P<0.01). No significant differences was observed in psychological scores between ANOCA with positive and negative ischemia test results (P>0.05). However, ANOCA with milder angina (CCS I) exhibited higher scores across the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version and a higher prevalence of Type D personality traits (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS In patients with ANOCA, the positive rate of myocardial ischemia exhibits variability among several noninvasive tests. A worsened psychological state is more closely linked to milder angina symptoms than to ischemia performance, highlighting the importance of focusing on symptom management in their psychological care. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03982901.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology) Shenzhen Guangdong China
- Department of Cardiology Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangzhou China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Duke University Medical Center Durham NC USA
| | - Haochen Wang
- Department of Cardiology Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangzhou China
| | - Mingyu Xu
- Department of Cardiology Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangzhou China
| | - Yingxue Liao
- Department of Cardiology Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangzhou China
| | - Haofeng Zhou
- Department of Cardiology Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangzhou China
| | - Bingqing Bai
- Department of Cardiology Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangzhou China
| | - Fengyao Liu
- Department of Cardiology Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangzhou China
| | - Han Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology) Shenzhen Guangdong China
- Department of Cardiology Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangzhou China
| | - Quanjun Liu
- Department of Cardiology Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangzhou China
| | - Yanting Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology) Shenzhen Guangdong China
- Department of Cardiology Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangzhou China
| | - Xueju Yu
- Department of Cardiology Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangzhou China
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Cardiology Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangzhou China
| | - Shuxia Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - Huan Ma
- Department of Cardiology Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangzhou China
| | - Qingshan Geng
- Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, Shenzhen Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology) Shenzhen Guangdong China
- Department of Cardiology Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangzhou China
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Bottardi A, Prado GFA, Lunardi M, Fezzi S, Pesarini G, Tavella D, Scarsini R, Ribichini F. Clinical Updates in Coronary Artery Disease: A Comprehensive Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4600. [PMID: 39200741 PMCID: PMC11354290 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13164600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant goals achieved in diagnosis and treatment in recent decades, coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a high mortality entity and continues to pose substantial challenges to healthcare systems globally. After the latest guidelines, novel data have emerged and have not been yet considered for routine practice. The scope of this review is to go beyond the guidelines, providing insights into the most recent clinical updates in CAD, focusing on non-invasive diagnostic techniques, risk stratification, medical management and interventional therapies in the acute and stable scenarios. Highlighting and synthesizing the latest developments in these areas, this review aims to contribute to the understanding and management of CAD helping healthcare providers worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bottardi
- Division of Cardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Department, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (A.B.); (G.F.A.P.); (S.F.); (G.P.); (D.T.); (R.S.); (F.R.)
| | - Guy F. A. Prado
- Division of Cardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Department, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (A.B.); (G.F.A.P.); (S.F.); (G.P.); (D.T.); (R.S.); (F.R.)
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mattia Lunardi
- Division of Cardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Department, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (A.B.); (G.F.A.P.); (S.F.); (G.P.); (D.T.); (R.S.); (F.R.)
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Fezzi
- Division of Cardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Department, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (A.B.); (G.F.A.P.); (S.F.); (G.P.); (D.T.); (R.S.); (F.R.)
| | - Gabriele Pesarini
- Division of Cardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Department, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (A.B.); (G.F.A.P.); (S.F.); (G.P.); (D.T.); (R.S.); (F.R.)
| | - Domenico Tavella
- Division of Cardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Department, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (A.B.); (G.F.A.P.); (S.F.); (G.P.); (D.T.); (R.S.); (F.R.)
| | - Roberto Scarsini
- Division of Cardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Department, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (A.B.); (G.F.A.P.); (S.F.); (G.P.); (D.T.); (R.S.); (F.R.)
| | - Flavio Ribichini
- Division of Cardiology, Cardio-Thoracic Department, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; (A.B.); (G.F.A.P.); (S.F.); (G.P.); (D.T.); (R.S.); (F.R.)
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50
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SenthilKumar G, Hammond ST, Zirgibel Z, Cohen KE, Beyer AM, Freed JK. Is the peripheral microcirculation a window into the human coronary microvasculature? J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024; 193:67-77. [PMID: 38848808 PMCID: PMC11260236 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence suggests a pivotal role for the microvasculature in the development of cardiovascular disease. A dysfunctional coronary microvascular network, specifically within endothelial cells-the inner most cell layer of vessels-is considered a strong, independent risk factor for future major adverse cardiac events. However, challenges exist with evaluating this critical vascular bed, as many of the currently available techniques are highly invasive and cost prohibitive. The more easily accessible peripheral microcirculation has surfaced as a potential surrogate in which to study mechanisms of coronary microvascular dysfunction and likewise may be used to predict poor cardiovascular outcomes. In this review, we critically evaluate a variety of prognostic, physiological, and mechanistic studies in humans to answer whether the peripheral microcirculation can add insight into coronary microvascular health. A conceptual framework is proposed that the health of the endothelium specifically may link the coronary and peripheral microvascular beds. This is supported by evidence showing a correlation between human coronary and peripheral endothelial function in vivo. Although not a replacement for investigating and understanding coronary microvascular function, the microvascular endothelium from the periphery responds similarly to (patho)physiological stress and may be leveraged to explore potential therapeutic pathways to mitigate stress-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopika SenthilKumar
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Stephen T Hammond
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Zachary Zirgibel
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Katie E Cohen
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Andreas M Beyer
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Julie K Freed
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States; Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States.
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