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Fujito H, Nagashima K, Saito Y, Mizobuchi S, Fukumoto K, Wakamatsu Y, Arai R, Watanabe R, Murata N, Toyama K, Kitano D, Fukamachi D, Yoda S, Okumura Y. Optimal timing of electrical cardioversion for acute decompensated heart failure caused by atrial arrhythmias: The earlier, the better? Heart Vessels 2024; 39:714-724. [PMID: 38656612 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-024-02393-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The optimal timing for electrical cardioversion (ECV) in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) with atrial arrhythmias (AAs) is unknown. Here, we retrospectively evaluated the impact of ECV timing on SR maintenance, hospitalization duration, and cardiac function in patients with ADHF and AAs. Between October 2017 and December 2022, ECV was attempted in 73 patients (62 with atrial fibrillation and 11 with atrial flutter). Patients were classified into two groups based on the median number of days from hospitalization to ECV, as follows: early ECV (within 8 days, n = 38) and delayed ECV (9 days or more, n = 35). The primary endpoint was very short-term and short-term ECV failure (unsuccessful cardioversion and AA recurrence during hospitalization and within one month after ECV). Secondary endpoints included (1) acute ECV success, (2) ECVs attempted, (3) periprocedural complications, (4) transthoracic echocardiographic parameter changes within two months following successful ECV, and (5) hospitalization duration. ECV successfully restored SR in 62 of 73 patients (85%), with 10 (14%) requiring multiple ECV attempts (≥ 3), and periprocedural complications occurring in six (8%). Very short-term and short-term ECV failure occurred without between-group differences (51% vs. 63%, P = 0.87 and 61% vs. 72%, P = 0.43, respectively). Among 37 patients who underwent echocardiography before and after ECV success, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) significantly increased (38% [31-52] to 51% [39-63], P = 0.008) between admission and follow-up. Additionally, hospital stay length was shorter in the early ECV group than in the delayed ECV group (14 days [12-21] vs. 17 days [15-26], P < 0.001). Hospital stay duration was also correlated with days from admission to ECV (Spearman's ρ = 0.47, P < 0.001). In clinical practice, early ECV was associated with a shortened hospitalization duration and significantly increased LVEF in patients with ADHF and AAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidesato Fujito
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Koichi Nagashima
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Yuki Saito
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Saki Mizobuchi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Katsunori Fukumoto
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yuji Wakamatsu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Riku Arai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Ryuta Watanabe
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Murata
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Kazuto Toyama
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kitano
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Daisuke Fukamachi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Shunichi Yoda
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yasuo Okumura
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, 30-1 Ohyaguchi-kamicho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
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Dehghani MR, Safarzadeh N, Shariati A, Rezaei Y. Predictors of long-term outcomes in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation undergoing electrical cardioversion. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2024; 16:21-27. [PMID: 38584655 PMCID: PMC10997977 DOI: 10.34172/jcvtr.32913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cardioversion for atrial fibrillation (AF) is routinely implemented in daily practice; however, it can be associated with the development of recurrent AF. In this study we aimed to evaluate the predictors of AF recurrence after electrical cardioversion, and to compare the outcomes of patients with or without AF recurrence during follow-up. Methods Patients with persistent AF were enrolled from March 2015 to September 2018. Patients with recurrent AF within 6 months after the index cardioversion were considered as AF recurrence (AFR) group, and those with normal sinus rhythm were defined as normal sinus rhythm (NSR) group. Thereafter, all patients were followed up for the incidence of adverse events, including death, requiring dialysis, coronary artery intervention/surgeries, cerebrovascular events, heart failure, and recurrent AF beyond 6 months. Results Of 129 patients, 11 patients had failed cardioversion and 7 patients lost to follow-up. So, 34 and 77 patients were categorized as the NSR and the AFR groups. During a median follow-up time of 54 (46-75) months, there was a trend for a higher incidence of major adverse events in the AFR group compared to the NSR group (P=0.063). Lower body mass index (odds ratio [OR] 0.885, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.794-0.986, P=0.027) and coarse AF before the index cardioversion (OR 3.846, 95% CI 1.189-12.443, P=0.025) were the independent predictors of recurrent AF. Conclusion In patients with persistent AF undergoing cardioversion, the presence of coarse AF and the lower values of body mass index were found to be associated with the AF recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Dehghani
- Department of Cardiology, Seyyed-al-Shohada Heart Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Navideh Safarzadeh
- Department of Cardiology, Seyyed-al-Shohada Heart Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Akram Shariati
- Department of Cardiology, Seyyed-al-Shohada Heart Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Yousef Rezaei
- Heart Valve Disease Research Center, Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Behyan Clinic, Pardis New Town, Tehran, Iran
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Luik A, Schmidt K, Haas A, Unger L, Tzamalis P, Brüggenjürgen B. Ablation of Left Atrial Tachycardia following Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: 12-Month Success Rates. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11041047. [PMID: 35207318 PMCID: PMC8874450 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11041047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment of atrial tachycardia following catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation is often challenging. Electrophysiological studies using high-resolution 3D mapping systems have contributed significantly to their understanding, and new ablation approaches have shown high rates of acute terminations with low recurrences for the clinical AT. However, patient populations are very heterogeneous, and long-term data of the freedom from any atrial tachycardia or any arrhythmia are still sparse. To evaluate long-term success, a unified patient population and predefined ablation strategies are preferred. In this study, we present 12-month success and mean 30 month follow-up data of catheter ablation of left atrial tachycardia. All 35 patients had a history of pulmonary vein isolation (PVI), 71% of which had a previous substrate modification. A total of 54 ATs, with a mean cycle length 297 ± 86 ms, 31 macro-reentries, and 4 localized reentries, were targeted. The ablation strategy to be used was given by the study protocol, depending on the type of reentry and the number of critical isthmuses. All available ablation strategies were included: standard (anatomical) lines, individual lines, critical isthmuses, and focal ablation. All ATs were terminated by ablation. A total of 91% terminated upon the first ablation strategy. Freedom from any AT after 12 months was 82%, and from any arrhythmia, it was 77%. The multi-procedure success after 30 months was 65% for any AT and 55% for any arrhythmia. In conclusion, individual ablation strategies based on the reentry mechanism and the number of critical isthmuses seems promising and demonstrates a high long-term clinical success. Tachycardia comprising a single critical isthmus can be ablated by critical isthmus ablation only. These patients present with the highest 12-month and long-term success rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Luik
- Karlsruhe Municipal Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Freiburg, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany; (K.S.); (A.H.); (P.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-721-9740
| | - Kerstin Schmidt
- Karlsruhe Municipal Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Freiburg, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany; (K.S.); (A.H.); (P.T.)
| | - Annika Haas
- Karlsruhe Municipal Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Freiburg, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany; (K.S.); (A.H.); (P.T.)
| | - Laura Unger
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany;
| | - Panagiotis Tzamalis
- Karlsruhe Municipal Hospital, Academic Teaching Hospital of the University of Freiburg, 76133 Karlsruhe, Germany; (K.S.); (A.H.); (P.T.)
| | - Bernd Brüggenjürgen
- Institute for Health Services Research and Technical Orthopaedics, Hanover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany;
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Lucà F, Giubilato S, Di Fusco SA, Piccioni L, Rao CM, Iorio A, Cipolletta L, D’Elia E, Gelsomino S, Rossini R, Colivicchi F, Gulizia MM. Anticoagulation in Atrial Fibrillation Cardioversion: What Is Crucial to Take into Account. J Clin Med 2021; 10:3212. [PMID: 34361996 PMCID: PMC8348761 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10153212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic dilemma between rhythm and rate control in the management of atrial fibrillation (AF) is still unresolved and electrical or pharmacological cardioversion (CV) frequently represents a useful strategy. The most recent guidelines recommend anticoagulation according to individual thromboembolic risk. Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) have been routinely used to prevent thromboembolic events. Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) represent a significant advance due to their more predictable therapeutic effect and more favorable hemorrhagic risk profile. In hemodynamically unstable patients, an emergency electrical cardioversion (ECV) must be performed. In this situation, intravenous heparin or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) should be administered before CV. In patients with AF occurring within less than 48 h, synchronized direct ECV should be the elective procedure, as it restores sinus rhythm quicker and more successfully than pharmacological cardioversion (PCV) and is associated with shorter length of hospitalization. Patients with acute onset AF were traditionally considered at lower risk of thromboembolic events due to the shorter time for atrial thrombus formation. In patients with hemodynamic stability and AF for more than 48 h, an ECV should be planned after at least 3 weeks of anticoagulation therapy. Alternatively, transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) to rule out left atrial appendage thrombus (LAAT) should be performed, followed by ECV and anticoagulation for at least 4 weeks. Theoretically, the standardized use of TEE before CV allows a better stratification of thromboembolic risk, although data available to date are not univocal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Lucà
- Division of Cardiology, Big Metropolitan Hospital, Bianchi Melacrino Morelli, 89129 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Simona Giubilato
- Division of Cardiology, Cannizzaro Hospital, 95121 Catania, Italy;
| | | | - Laura Piccioni
- Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Departiment, Civile Giuseppe Mazzini Hospital, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Carmelo Massimiliano Rao
- Division of Cardiology, Big Metropolitan Hospital, Bianchi Melacrino Morelli, 89129 Reggio Calabria, Italy;
| | - Annamaria Iorio
- Division of Cardiology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, 24127 Bergamo, Italy; (A.I.); (E.D.)
| | - Laura Cipolletta
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Ancona University Hospital, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Emilia D’Elia
- Division of Cardiology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, 24127 Bergamo, Italy; (A.I.); (E.D.)
| | - Sandro Gelsomino
- Cardiothoracic Department, Maastricht University Hospital, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Roberta Rossini
- Division of Cardiology, S. Croce e Carle Hospital, 12100 Cuneo, Italy;
| | - Furio Colivicchi
- Division of Cardiology, S. Filippo Neri Hospital, 00135 Roma, Italy; (S.A.D.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Michele Massimo Gulizia
- Division of Cardiology, Garibaldi-Nesima Hospital, 95123 Catania, Italy;
- Heart Care Foundation, 50121 Florence, Italy
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Ebner B, Grant J, Vincent L, Maning J, Olorunfemi O, Olarte N, Colombo R, Lambrakos L, Mendoza I. Comparison of in-hospital outcomes of patients undergoing catheter ablation for typical versus atypical atrial flutter. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2021; 63:295-302. [PMID: 33770337 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-021-00982-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catheter ablation (CA) is indicated as definitive therapy for patients with either typical or atypical atrial flutter (TAFlutter and AAFlutter, respectively) which is unresponsive to medical therapy. There is a paucity of data regarding in-hospital outcomes of patients undergoing CA. METHODS Retrospective study using the NIS to identify patients ≥18 years who underwent CA between 2015 and 2017. Individuals were identified using ICD-10-CM/PCS for TAFlutter, AAFlutter, and CA. RESULTS A total of 17,390 patients underwent CA for Aflutter (33% AAFlutter and 67% TAFlutter). The TAFlutter group was younger (mean 65.9 years vs. 67.2 years), with less females (30% vs. 43%, p ≤ 0.001 for both) compared to the AAFlutter group. The TAFlutter group had a higher rate of diabetes, tobacco use, obesity, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p ≤ 0.001 for all). The AAFlutter cohort had increased prior strokes and atrial fibrillation (p ≤ 0.001 for both). The mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was found to be 2.3 in AAFlutter compared to 2.1 in TAFlutter (p ≤ 0.001). There were significantly higher proportions of thromboembolic events, transfusions, and longer length of stay in the TAFlutter group (p ≤ 0.001 for all) with the AAFlutter group having significantly higher rates of cardioversion, implantation of cardiac devices, and increased hospital charges (p ≤ 0.001 for all); no significant difference was found in mortality after controlling for comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS We found higher complication rates in CA for patients with TAFlutter, but no difference in in-hospital all-cause mortality. Variation in CA depending upon the mechanism of AFlutter may underlie these differences, and warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Ebner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami Hospital Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Memorial Hospital, 1611 NW 12th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
| | - Jelani Grant
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami Hospital Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Memorial Hospital, 1611 NW 12th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Louis Vincent
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami Hospital Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Memorial Hospital, 1611 NW 12th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Jennifer Maning
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami Hospital Miller School of Medicine/Jackson Memorial Hospital, 1611 NW 12th Avenue, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Odunayo Olorunfemi
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Neal Olarte
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rosario Colombo
- Cardiovascular Division, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Litsa Lambrakos
- Cardiovascular Division, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ivan Mendoza
- Cardiovascular Division, Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
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Comentarios a la guía ESC 2019 sobre taquicardia supraventricular. Rev Esp Cardiol (Engl Ed) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2019.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Arribas F, Brugada J, Brugada J, Almendral J, Arbelo E, Díaz Infante E, García-Cosío F, Lospitao S, Merino JL, Ormaetxe JM, Osca J, Tercedor L, Pedrote A, Andrés Lahuerta A, Barón G, Escobar C, Fiol M, Fortuny E, González Torrecilla E, Rodríguez Font E, Ruiz Granel R, Arribas F, Berga Congost G, Bueno H, Evangelista A, Ferreira-González I, Jiménez Navarro M, Marín F, Pérez de Isla L, Sambola A, Vázquez R, Viana-Tejedor A, Ibáñez B, Alfonso F. Comments on the 2019 ESC guidelines on supraventricular tachycardia. REVISTA ESPANOLA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH ED.) 2020; 73:445-451. [PMID: 32349912 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2019.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
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Goldenthal IL, Sciacca RR, Riga T, Bakken S, Baumeister M, Biviano AB, Dizon JM, Wang D, Wang KC, Whang W, Hickey KT, Garan H. Recurrent atrial fibrillation/flutter detection after ablation or cardioversion using the AliveCor KardiaMobile device: iHEART results. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2019; 30:2220-2228. [PMID: 31507001 PMCID: PMC6819233 DOI: 10.1111/jce.14160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the impact of daily ECG (electrocardiogram) self-recordings on time to documented recurrent atrial fibrillation (AF) or atrial flutter (AFL) and time to treatment of recurrent arrhythmia in patients undergoing catheter radiofrequency ablation (RFA) or direct current cardioversion (DCCV) for AF/AFL. BACKGROUND AF recurrence rates after RFA and DCCV are 20% to 45% and 60% to 80%, respectively. Randomized trials comparing mobile ECG devices to standard of care have not been performed in an AF/AFL population after treatment. METHODS Of 262 patients consented, 238 were randomized to either standard of care (123) or to receive the iHEART intervention (115). Patients in the intervention group were provided with and trained to use an AliveCor KardiaMobile ECG monitor, and were instructed to take and transmit daily ECG recordings. Data were collected from transmitted ECG recordings and patients' electronic health records. RESULTS In a multivariate Cox model, the likelihood of recurrence detection was greater in the intervention group (hazard ratio = 1.56, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-2.30, P = .024). Hazard ratios did not differ significantly for RFA and DCCV procedures. Recurrence during the first month after ablation strongly predicted later recurrence (hazard ratio = 4.53, 95% CI: 2.05-10.00, P = .0006). Time from detection to treatment was shorter for the control group (hazard ratio = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.57-2.92, P < .0001). CONCLUSIONS The use of mobile ECG self-recording devices allows for earlier detection of AF/AFL recurrence and may empower patients to engage in shared health decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac L. Goldenthal
- Department of Medicine ‐ CardiologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew York
| | | | - Teresa Riga
- Department of Medicine ‐ CardiologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew York
| | | | - Maurita Baumeister
- Department of Medicine ‐ CardiologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew York
| | - Angelo B. Biviano
- Department of Medicine ‐ CardiologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew York
| | - Jose M. Dizon
- Department of Medicine ‐ CardiologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew York
| | - Daniel Wang
- Department of Medicine ‐ CardiologyWhite Plains HospitalNew YorkNew York
| | - Ketty C Wang
- Columbia University School of NursingNew YorkNew York
| | - William Whang
- Department of Medicine ‐ CardiologyIcahn School of MedicineNew YorkNew York
| | | | - Hasan Garan
- Department of Medicine ‐ CardiologyColumbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkNew York
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Hickey KT, Wan E, Garan H, Biviano AB, Morrow JP, Sciacca RR, Reading M, Koleck TA, Caceres B, Zhang Y, Goldenthal I, Riga TC, Masterson Creber R. A Nurse-led Approach to Improving Cardiac Lifestyle Modification in an Atrial Fibrillation Population. J Innov Card Rhythm Manag 2019; 10:3826-3835. [PMID: 32494426 PMCID: PMC7252822 DOI: 10.19102/icrm.2019.100902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major public health problem and the most common cardiac arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice at this time. AF is associated with numerous symptoms such as palpitations, shortness of breath, and fatigue, which can significantly reduce health-related quality of life and result in serious adverse cardiac outcomes. In light of this, the aim of the present pilot study was to test the feasibility of implementing a mobile health (mHealth) lifestyle intervention titled "Atrial Fibrillation and Cardiac Health: Targeting Improving Outcomes via a Nurse-Led Intervention (ACTION)," with the goal of improving cardiac health measures, AF symptom recognition, and self-management. As part of this study, participants self-identified cardiac health goals at enrollment. The nurse used web-based resources from the American Heart Association (Dallas, TX, USA), which included the Life's Simple 7® My Life Check® assessment, to quantify current lifestyle behavior change needs. Furthermore, on the My AFib Experience™ website (American Heart Association, Dallas, TX, USA), the patient used a symptom tracker tool to capture the date, time, frequency, and type of AF symptoms, and these data were subsequently reviewed by the cardiac nurse. Throughout the six-month intervention period, the cardiac nurse used a motivational interviewing approach to support participants' cardiac health goals. Ultimately, the ACTION intervention was tested in 53 individuals with AF (mean age: 59 ± 11 years; 76% male). Participants were predominantly overweight/obese (79%), had a history of hypertension (62%) or hyperlipidemia (61%), and reported being physically inactive/not preforming any type of regular exercise (52%). The majority (88%) of the participants had one or more Life's Simple 7® measures that could be improved. Most of the participants (98%) liked having a dedicated nurse to work with them on a biweekly basis via the mHealth portal. The most commonly self-reported symptoms were palpitations, fatigue/exercise intolerance, and dyspnea. Seventy percent of the participants had an improvement in their weight and blood pressure as documented within the electronic health record as well as a corresponding improvement in their Life's Simple 7® score at six months. On average, there was a three-pound (1.36-kg) decrease in weight and a 5-mmHg decrease in systolic blood pressure between baseline and at six months. In conclusion, this pilot work provides initial evidence regarding the feasibility of implementing the ACTION intervention and supports testing the ACTION intervention in a larger cohort of AF patients to inform existing AF guidelines and build an evidence base for reducing AF burden through lifestyle modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen T. Hickey
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elaine Wan
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hasan Garan
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - John P. Morrow
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Meghan Reading
- Department of Health Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Billy Caceres
- Department of Nursing, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yiyi Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Teresa C. Riga
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruth Masterson Creber
- Department of Health Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Jacobs V, T May H, L Bair T, G Crandall B, J Cutler DO M, D Day J, Le V, Mallender C, S Osborn J, Weiss JP, Bunch TJ. The Impact of Repeated Cardioversions for Atrial Fibrillation on Stroke, Hospitalizations, and Catheter Ablation Outcomes. J Atr Fibrillation 2019; 11:2164. [PMID: 31384369 DOI: 10.4022/jafib.2164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term outcomes after direct current cardioversion (DCCV) in patients that receive anticoagulation have demonstrated to have no adverse sequela. Less is known about the impact on atrial fibrillation (AF) outcomes and resource utilization of repeated DCCVs that are often required for long-term rhythm control. METHODS A total of 4,135 AF patients >18 years of age that underwent DCCV with long-term system follow-up were evaluated. Patients were stratified by the number of DCCVs received: 1 (n=2,201), 2-4 (n=1,748), and ≥5 (n=186). Multivariable Cox hazard regression was used to determine the association of DCCV categories to the outcomes of death, AF hospitalization, AF ablation, DCCVs, and stroke/transient ischemic attack. RESULTS The average follow-up of the patient population was 1,633.1±1,232.9 (median: 1,438.0) days. Patients who underwent 2-4 and ≥5 DCCVs had more comorbidities, namely hypertension, hyperlipidemia and heart failure. Anticoagulation use was common at the time of DCCV in all groups (89.1%, 91.2%, 91.9%, p=0.06) and amiodarone use increased with increasing DCCV category (30.1%, 43.4%, 52.2, p<0.0001). At 5 years, patients that received more DCCVs had higher rates of repeat DCCVs, AF hospitalizations, and ablations. Stroke rates were not increased. Though not statistically significant, 5-year death was increased when comparing DCCV >5 vs. 1, (HR=1.32 [0.89-1.94], p=0.17). CONCLUSIONS This study found that the increasing number of DCCVs, despite escalation of other pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies, is a long-term independent risk factor for repeat DCCVs, ablations, and AF hospitalizations among AF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Jacobs
- Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, Utah
| | - Heidi T May
- Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, Utah
| | - Tami L Bair
- Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, Utah
| | - Brian G Crandall
- Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, Utah
| | - Michael J Cutler DO
- Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, Utah
| | - John D Day
- Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, Utah
| | - Viet Le
- Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, Utah
| | - Charles Mallender
- Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, Utah
| | - Jeffrey S Osborn
- Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, Utah
| | - J Peter Weiss
- Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, Utah
| | - T Jared Bunch
- Intermountain Medical Center Heart Institute, Intermountain Medical Center, Murray, Utah.,Stanford University, Department of Internal Medicine, Palo Alto, California
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11
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Katritsis DG, Boriani G, Cosio FG, Hindricks G, Jaïs P, Josephson ME, Keegan R, Kim YH, Knight BP, Kuck KH, Lane DA, Lip GYH, Malmborg H, Oral H, Pappone C, Themistoclakis S, Wood KA, Blomström-Lundqvist C, Gorenek B, Dagres N, Dan GA, Vos MA, Kudaiberdieva G, Crijns H, Roberts-Thomson K, Lin YJ, Vanegas D, Caorsi WR, Cronin E, Rickard J. European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) consensus document on the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, endorsed by Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), and Sociedad Latinoamericana de Estimulación Cardiaca y Electrofisiologia (SOLAECE). Europace 2018; 19:465-511. [PMID: 27856540 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euw301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Demosthenes G Katritsis
- Athens Euroclinic, Athens, Greece; and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giuseppe Boriani
- Cardiology Department, Modena University Hospital, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | | | | | - Pierre Jaïs
- University of Bordeaux, CHU Bordeaux, LIRYC, France
| | | | - Roberto Keegan
- Hospital Privado del Sur y Hospital Español, Bahia Blanca, Argentina
| | - Young-Hoon Kim
- Korea University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Deirdre A Lane
- Asklepios Hospital St Georg, Hamburg, Germany.,University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Science, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK; and Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- University of Birmingham Institute of Cardiovascular Science, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK; and Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Helena Malmborg
- Department of Cardiology and Medical Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hakan Oral
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carlo Pappone
- IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Bulent Gorenek
- Cardiology Department, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | | | - Gheorge-Andrei Dan
- Colentina University Hospital, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marc A Vos
- Department of Medical Physiology, Division Heart and Lungs, Umc Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Harry Crijns
- Mastricht University Medical Centre, Cardiology & CARIM, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Diego Vanegas
- Hospital Militar Central - Unidad de Electrofisiologìa - FUNDARRITMIA, Bogotà, Colombia
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12
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Ecker V, Knoery C, Rushworth G, Rudd I, Ortner A, Begley D, Leslie SJ. A review of factors associated with maintenance of sinus rhythm after elective electrical cardioversion for atrial fibrillation. Clin Cardiol 2018; 41:862-870. [PMID: 29878481 DOI: 10.1002/clc.22931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation is the most common heart-rhythm disorder, affecting about 1.5% to 2% of the population with an increased risk of mortality and morbidity due to stroke, thromboembolism, and heart failure. If the conversion back to sinus rhythm does not happen spontaneously, pharmacological or electrical cardioversion (ECV) is the next available treatment options for some patients. However, the long-term success following ECV is variable. This review describes the factors that are associated with maintenance of sinus rhythm following ECV and proposes a clinical strategy based on the available evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Ecker
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-Universität, Graz, Austria
| | - Charles Knoery
- NHS Highland, Assynt House, Beechwood Park, Inverness, UK
| | - Gordon Rushworth
- NHS Highland, Assynt House, Beechwood Park, Inverness, UK.,Highland Pharmacy Education & Research Centre, Centre for Health Science, Inverness, UK
| | - Ian Rudd
- NHS Highland, Assynt House, Beechwood Park, Inverness, UK
| | - Astrid Ortner
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-Universität, Graz, Austria
| | - David Begley
- Cardiac Department, Royal Papworth Hospital, Papworth Everard, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen J Leslie
- NHS Highland, Assynt House, Beechwood Park, Inverness, UK.,Department of Diabetes & Cardiovascular Science, University of the Highlands and Islands, Centre for Health Science, Inverness, UK
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13
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Mulukutla S, Althouse AD, Jain SK, Saba S. Increased left atrial size is associated with higher atrial fibrillation recurrence in patients treated with antiarrhythmic medications. Clin Cardiol 2018; 41:825-829. [PMID: 29672879 DOI: 10.1002/clc.22964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is highly prevalent, and antiarrhythmic therapy is often used to help with rhythm control. Some common echocardiographic parameters may be useful in predicting AF recurrence among these patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between 3 common echocardiographic parameters (left atrial [LA] size, left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF], and mitral regurgitation [MR]) and AF recurrence among patients treated with antiarrhythmic medications. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that LA size, LVEF, and severity of MR are predictors of AF recurrence in this population. METHODS A real-world cohort of AF patients who had transthoracic echocardiograms was analyzed. Data on LA size, LVEF, and MR were collected retrospectively from echocardiography reports. Patients were followed from the time of the echocardiogram until first recurrence of AF. RESULTS A total of 2522 patients had echocardiography reports available for review. LA size showed the strongest prognostic relationship with AF recurrence; neither LVEF nor MR was significantly associated with AF recurrence. These results persisted after adjusting for age, sex, race, tobacco use, alcohol use, drug use, body mass index, and Charlson Comorbidity Index in a multivariable model. CONCLUSIONS In a cohort of patients treated with antiarrhythmic medications that had transthoracic echocardiogram data, LA size was a significant predictor of AF recurrence. The clinical utility of this finding would be strengthened by replication in a multicenter setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saarang Mulukutla
- UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew D Althouse
- UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sandeep K Jain
- UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Samir Saba
- UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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14
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Abstract
Clinical electrophysiology has made the traditional classification of rapid atrial rhythms into flutter and tachycardia of little clinical use. Electrophysiological studies have defined multiple mechanisms of tachycardia, both re-entrant and focal, with varying ECG morphologies and rates, authenticated by the results of catheter ablation of the focal triggers or critical isthmuses of re-entry circuits. In patients without a history of heart disease, cardiac surgery or catheter ablation, typical flutter ECG remains predictive of a right atrial re-entry circuit dependent on the inferior vena cava-tricuspid isthmus that can be very effectively treated by ablation, although late incidence of atrial fibrillation remains a problem. Secondary prevention, based on the treatment of associated atrial fibrillation risk factors, is emerging as a therapeutic option. In patients subjected to cardiac surgery or catheter ablation for the treatment of atrial fibrillation or showing atypical ECG patterns, macro-re-entrant and focal tachycardia mechanisms can be very complex and electrophysiological studies are necessary to guide ablation treatment in poorly tolerated cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco G Cosío
- Getafe University Hospital, European University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Rush KL, Hatt L, Shay M, Gorman N, Laberge CG, Reid RC, Wilson R. The Stressors and Coping Strategies of Older Adults With Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Prior to and Following Direct Current Cardioversion. J Appl Gerontol 2015; 36:1145-1165. [DOI: 10.1177/0733464815608495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective:The purpose of this study was to explore the stressors and coping strategies of older adults with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) before and after direct current cardioversion. Method: The study used a qualitative descriptive design. Sixteen patients were recruited through an AF clinic to participate in individual interviews prior to the cardioversion and at 6 and 12 weeks post procedure. Results: Pre-cardioversion, older adults experienced symptom and health care–related stressors superimposed on existing non-AF stressors. They used a range of emotion and problem-focused coping. Non-AF stressors increased post procedure at the same time that participants perceived less need for coping strategies with a return to regular rhythm. Discussion: There was a shift from AF to non-AF related stressors following the cardioversion but a decrease in coping strategies. Older adults with AF should be encouraged to maintain use of coping strategies to manage ongoing stress and reduce the risk of AF recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy L. Rush
- University of British Columbia–Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Linda Hatt
- University of British Columbia–Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Matt Shay
- University of British Columbia–Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Nicole Gorman
- Atrial Fibrillation Clinic, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Carol G. Laberge
- University of British Columbia–Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
- Royal Inland Hospital, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
| | - R. Colin Reid
- University of British Columbia–Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Ryan Wilson
- University of British Columbia–Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
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16
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Müller P, Schiedat F, Dietrich JW, Shin DI, Kara K, Mügge A, Deneke T. Reverse atrial remodeling in patients who maintain sinus rhythm after electrical cardioversion: evidence derived from the measurement of total atrial conduction time assessed by PA-TDI interval. J Echocardiogr 2014; 12:142-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s12574-014-0227-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Müller P, Schiedat F, Bialek A, Bösche L, Ewers A, Kara K, Dietrich JW, Mügge A, Deneke T. Total atrial conduction time assessed by tissue doppler imaging (PA-TDI Interval) to predict early recurrence of persistent atrial fibrillation after successful electrical cardioversion. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2013; 25:161-7. [PMID: 24118306 DOI: 10.1111/jce.12306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate whether total atrial conduction time (TACT) assessed via tissue Doppler imaging (PA-TDI interval) can identify patients with early recurrent atrial fibrillation (ERAF) after successful direct-current electrical cardioversion (CV) of persistent atrial fibrillation (persPAF). METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 54 patients without antiarrhythmic drug medication (mean ± SD: 66 ± 10.4 years; 33% women) with persPAF and successful CV were enrolled between May 2012 and May 2013. TACT was measured 6 hours after successful CV in the left atrium by tissue Doppler imaging (PA-TDI interval). ERAF was determined via Holter-electrocardiogram over a period of 7 days after CV. Receiver opearting characteristic analysis was used to determine an optimal cutoff value of PA-TDI interval for prognosis of ERAF. Based on this result, recurrence-free survival was assessed with Mantel-Haenszel's log-rank test. ERAF occurred in 23 patients (43%). PA-TDI interval was longer in patients with ERAF compared to those who maintained sinus rhythm (mean ± SD: 163.5 ± 11.1 vs 132.3 ± 11.2 milliseconds; P < 0.00001). At the cutoff value of 152 milliseconds, PA-TDI interval sensitivity and specificity related to ERAF were 87% and 100%, respectively. CONCLUSION Measuring PA-TDI interval may help to predict ERAF after successful CV in patients with persAF.
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18
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Hirt LS, Gobin MS. Adjunctive Pharmacotherapy for Elective Direct Current Cardioversion in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. Cardiol Res 2012; 3:158-163. [PMID: 28348681 PMCID: PMC5358207 DOI: 10.4021/cr198w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Direct current cardioversion (DCCV) can restore sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), but the long term efficacy is poor. Pharmacological therapies may improve the initial success of the procedure, but whether long term maintenance of sinus rhythm can be improved is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate which pharmacotherapies, including antiarrhythmic and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibiting drugs, most successfully promotes sinus rhythm after elective DCCV in unselected patients with atrial fibrillation. METHODS A retrospective cohort was to study of AF patients attending or DCCV between Jan 2010 and Feb 2012. The data were analysed using multivariate logistical regression models. Initial success of DCCV was the dependent variable in the first analysis. Maintenance of sinus rhythm at follow up was the dependent variable in the second analysis. RESULTS One hundred and thirty patients were included in the first analysis, and 71 patients were included in the second analysis. The only association observed was a positive association between flecainide and an increased odds of maintaining sinus rhythm at follow up (OR 2.14, SE ± 0.93, P = 0.02) .Other antiarrhythmic drugs and RAAS inhibiting drugs had no association with an increased odds of successful DCCV or maintenance of sinus rhythm thereafter. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to demonstrate an association between flecainide and a increased odds of maintaining sinus rhythm after DCCV in the long term. This warrants further research, and should be taken into account when choosing adjunctive antiarrhythmic therapy for elective DCCV for AF.
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19
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Kinoshita M, Herges RM, Hodge DO, Friedman L, Ammash NM, Bruce CJ, Somers V, Malouf JF, Askelin J, Gilles JA, Gersh BJ, Friedman PA. Role of smoking in the recurrence of atrial arrhythmias after cardioversion. Am J Cardiol 2009; 104:678-82. [PMID: 19699344 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2009.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2009] [Revised: 04/26/2009] [Accepted: 04/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to determine whether smoking status affects the recurrence of atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter in patients after cardioversion. The clinical data of patients undergoing cardioversion for atrial flutter from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2005 were prospectively collected. Arrhythmia recurrences were detected by retrospective review of comprehensive medical records and were determined using electrocardiography. The smoking history was prospectively collected through a standardized clinical form and subsequently categorized as lifetime nonsmoker, exsmoker, or current smoker. Univariate and multivariate associations with end points for clinical and lifestyle variables were assessed with Cox proportional hazards models. Women who were current smokers at cardioversion had a greater risk of atrial arrhythmia recurrence than did nonsmokers (hazard ratio 1.71, 95% confidence interval 1.10 to 2.67, p = 0.02). The increased risk of arrhythmia recurrence in female smokers was not seen in male smokers. Compared to lifetime nonsmokers, the mortality hazard ratio among men was 1.18 (95% confidence interval 0.88 to 1.58; p = 0.28) in exsmokers and 1.93 (95% confidence interval 1.20 to 3.11; p = 0.007) in current smokers. The risk of death after cardioversion was not increased in women. In conclusion, smoking is an independent predictor of atrial arrhythmia recurrence after cardioversion in women; however, an increased mortality risk, but not arrhythmia recurrence risk, was seen in men.
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20
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Electrocardiographic markers of cardioversion success in patients with atrial fibrillation. South Med J 2009; 102:885-9. [PMID: 19668022 DOI: 10.1097/smj.0b013e3181afe5ef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL), the value of the 12-lead surface electrocardiogram (ECG) in predicting direct current cardioversion (DCCV) outcomes has not been thoroughly investigated. We sought to determine whether the type of atrial arrhythmia (AF versus AFL) and the characteristics of the atrial fibrillatory waves (fine versus coarse) on the surface ECG would help predict post DCCV outcomes. METHODS A total of 76 consecutive patients undergoing elective DCCV for persistent AF or AFL at the Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Medical Center were included in this retrospective cohort study. All patients had ECGs immediately and one month after DCCV. RESULTS Mean age was 67+/-8 years and 97% of the participants were male. DCCV was immediately successful in 64 (84%) patients. Of these, 35 (46%) remained in sinus rhythm at one month. DCCV was immediately successful in all patients (N 13) with fine AF versus 34/45 of those with coarse AF (P 0.05). Patients with fine AF were also more likely to remain in sinus rhythm at one-month follow up compared to those with coarse AF (8/13 versus 13/45; P 0.03). Also, at one-month follow up, the patients with AFL were more likely to maintain sinus rhythm than those with AF (14/18 of AFL versus 21/58 of AF; P 0.003). CONCLUSION The characteristics of the fibrillatory waves on surface ECG should be utilized to determine the success after DCCV in patients with AF and AFL.
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21
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Kirchhof P, Breithardt G. New concepts for old drugs to maintain sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 2007; 4:790-3. [PMID: 17556206 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2007.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2006] [Accepted: 01/15/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a chronic, often progressive disease. Despite the ongoing concerted effort to improve AF therapy, often there is no remedy for curing AF and preventing the deleterious effects of the arrhythmia on health. Antiarrhythmic drug therapy is likely to remain the mainstay of therapy for many patients in the foreseeable future. Available antiarrhythmic drugs are moderately effective, which is important for patients who respond, especially given the chronic and often progressive nature of the disease. This article describes emerging concepts under clinical evaluation that attempt to improve the safety of available antiarrhythmic drugs in the treatment of recurrent AF. Two concepts are reviewed: (1) combination of an antiarrhythmic drug with a calcium channel blocker to reduce proarrhythmic side effects, and (2) "intelligent" reduction of the duration of antiarrhythmic drug therapy targeted to periods of symptomatic or likely AF recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulus Kirchhof
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Hospital of the University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
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22
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Boriani G, Diemberger I, Biffi M, Domenichini G, Martignani C, Valzania C, Branzi A. Electrical cardioversion for persistent atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter in clinical practice: predictors of long-term outcome. Int J Clin Pract 2007; 61:748-56. [PMID: 17493088 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2007.01298.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the results of Atrial Fibrillation Follow-up Investigation of Rhythm Management and Rate Control versus Electrical Cardioversion for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation trials, which favour a general shift in atrial fibrillation (AF) therapeutic approach towards control of ventricular rate, a strategy based on restoration of sinus rhythm could still play a role in selected patients at lower risk of AF recurrence. We explored possible predictors of relapses after external electrical cardioversion among patients with persistent AF or atrial flutter (AFL). We analysed the clinical characteristics and conventional echocardiographic parameters of patients with persistent AF/AFL enrolled in an institutional electrical cardioversion programme. Among 242 patients (AF/AFL, 195/47; mean age 62+/-13 years), sinus rhythm was restored in 215 (89%) and maintained in 73 (34%) at a follow-up of 930 days (median). No baseline clinical/echocardiographic variables predicted acute efficacy of cardioversion at logistic regression analysis. However, two variables predicted long-term AF/AFL recurrence among patients with successful cardioversion at multivariate Cox's proportional hazards analysis: (i) duration of arrhythmia>or=1 year (HR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.29-3.33) and (ii) presence of previous cardioversion (HR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.17-2.38). These variables also presented high-positive predictive values (72% and 80% respectively). Whereas the high acute efficacy of electrical cardioversion (approximately 90%) does not appear to be predictable, two simple clinical variables could help identify patients at higher risk of long-term AF/AFL recurrence after successful electrical cardioversion. We think there could be a case for initially attempting external electrical cardioversion to patients who have had AF/AFL for <1 year. In such patients, the chance of long-term success appears to be relatively high.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Boriani
- Institute of Cardiology, University of Bologna, Azienda Ospedaliera S. Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy.
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23
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Da Costa A, Thévenin J, Roche F, Romeyer-Bouchard C, Abdellaoui L, Messier M, Denis L, Faure E, Gonthier R, Kruszynski G, Pages JM, Bonijoly S, Lamaison D, Defaye P, Barthélemy JC, Gouttard T, Isaaz K. Results From the Loire-Ardèche-Drôme-Isère-Puy-de-Dôme (LADIP) Trial on Atrial Flutter, a Multicentric Prospective Randomized Study Comparing Amiodarone and Radiofrequency Ablation After the First Episode of Symptomatic Atrial Flutter. Circulation 2006; 114:1676-81. [PMID: 17030680 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.106.638395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background—
There is no published randomized study comparing amiodarone therapy and radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFA) after only 1 episode of symptomatic atrial flutter (AFL). The aim of the Loire-Ardèche-Drôme-Isère-Puy-de-Dôme (LADIP) Trial of Atrial Flutter was 2-fold: (1) to prospectively compare first-line RFA (group I) versus cardioversion and amiodarone therapy (group II) after only 1 AFL episode; and (2) to determine the impact of both treatments on the long-term risk of subsequent atrial fibrillation (AF).
Methods and Results—
From October 2002 to February 2006, 104 patients (aged 78±5 years; 20 women) with AFL were included, with 52 patients in group I and 52 patients in group II. The cumulative risk of AFL or AF was interpreted with the use of Kaplan-Meier curves and compared by the log-rank test. Clinical presentation, echocardiographic data, and follow-up were as follows: age (78.5±5 versus 78±5 years), history of AF (27% versus 21.6%); structural heart disease (58% versus 65%), left ventricular ejection fraction (56±14% versus 54.5±14%), left atrial size (43±7 versus 43±6 mm), mean follow-up (13±6 versus 13±6 months;
P
=NS), recurrence of AFL (3.8% versus 29.5%;
P
<0.0001), and occurrence of significant AF beyond 10 minutes (25% versus 18%;
P
=0.3). Five complications (10%) were noted in group II (sick sinus syndrome in 2, hyperthyroidism in 1, and hypothyroidism in 2) and none in group I (0%) (
P
=0.03).
Conclusions—
RFA should be considered a first-line therapy even after the first episode of symptomatic AFL. There is a better long-term success rate, the same risk of subsequent AF, and fewer secondary effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Da Costa
- Division of Cardiology, University Jean Monnet in Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.
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