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Dalgaard F, Fudim M, Al-Khatib SM, Friedman DJ, Abraham WT, Cleland JGF, Curtis AB, Gold MR, Kutyifa V, Linde C, Young J, Ali-Ahmed F, Tang A, Olivas-Martinez A, Inoue LY, Sanders GD. Cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with a prior history of atrial fibrillation: Insights from four major clinical trials. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2023; 34:1914-1924. [PMID: 37522254 PMCID: PMC10529427 DOI: 10.1111/jce.16022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the association of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) on outcomes among participants with and without a history of atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS Individual-patient-data from four randomized trials investigating CRT-Defibrillators (COMPANION, MADIT-CRT, REVERSE) or CRT-Pacemakers (COMPANION, MIRACLE) were analyzed. Outcomes were time to a composite of heart failure hospitalization or all-cause mortality or to all-cause mortality alone. The association of CRT on outcomes for patients with and without a history of AF was assessed using a Bayesian-Weibull survival regression model adjusting for baseline characteristics. RESULTS Of 3964 patients included, 586 (14.8%) had a history of AF; 2245 (66%) were randomized to CRT. Overall, CRT reduced the risk of the primary composite endpoint (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.69, 95% credible interval [CI]: 0.56-0.81). The effect was similar (posterior probability of no interaction = 0.26) in patients with (HR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.55-1.10) and without a history of AF (HR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.55-0.80). In these four trials, CRT did not reduce mortality overall (HR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.66-1.01) without evidence of interaction (posterior probability of no interaction = 0.14) for patients with (HR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.70-1.74) or without a history of AF (HR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.60-0.97). CONCLUSION The association of CRT on the composite endpoint or mortality was not statistically different for patients with or without a history of AF, but this could reflect inadequate power. Our results call for trials to confirm the benefit of CRT recipients with a history of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Dalgaard
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Nykøbing Falster Sygehus, Nykøbing, Denmark
| | - Marat Fudim
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Sana M. Al-Khatib
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Daniel J. Friedman
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - William T. Abraham
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - John G. F. Cleland
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | | | - Valentina Kutyifa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center Rochester, NY
| | - Cecilia Linde
- Karolinska Institutet and Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - James Young
- Cleveland Clinic, Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Fatima Ali-Ahmed
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Anthony Tang
- Department of Medicine, Western University, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Gillian D. Sanders
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Duke-Margolis Center for Health Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Evidence Synthesis Group, Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
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Valzania C, Massaro G, Spadotto A, Muraglia L, Frisoni J, Martignani C, Ziacchi M, Diemberger I, Fanti S, Boriani G, Biffi M, Galié N. Ten-year follow-up of cardiac resynchronization therapy patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy assessed by radionuclide angiography: a single-center cohort study. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2022; 64:723-731. [PMID: 35175490 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-022-01117-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Relatively few data are available on long-term survival and incidence of ventricular arrhythmias in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) patients. We investigated long-term outcomes of CRT patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy stratified as responders or non-responders according to radionuclide angiography. METHODS Fifty patients with non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy undergoing CRT were assessed by equilibrium Tc99 radionuclide angiography with bicycle exercise at baseline and after 3 months. Intra- and interventricular dyssynchrony were derived by Fourier phase analysis. Patient clinical outcome was assessed after 10 years. RESULTS At 3 months, 50% of patients were identified as CRT responders according to an increase in LV ejection fraction ≥ 5%. During a follow-up of 109 ± 48 months, 30% of patients died and 6% underwent heart transplantation. Age and history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were found to be predictors of all-cause mortality. CRT responders showed lower risk of death from cardiac causes than non-responders. At follow-up, 38% of patients presented at least one episode of sustained ventricular tachycardia, with a similar percentage between responders and non-responders. CONCLUSION At long-term follow-up, non-ischemic CRT recipients identified as responders by radionuclide angiography were found to be at lower risk of worsening heart failure death than non-responders. Long-term risk for sustained ventricular arrhythmia was similar between CRT responders and non-responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Valzania
- Department of Cardiology, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Di Bologna, Policlinico Di S.Orsola, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giulia Massaro
- Department of Cardiology, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Di Bologna, Policlinico Di S.Orsola, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Spadotto
- Department of Cardiology, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Di Bologna, Policlinico Di S.Orsola, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Muraglia
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Di Bologna, Policlinico Di S.Orsola, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jessica Frisoni
- Department of Cardiology, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Di Bologna, Policlinico Di S.Orsola, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristian Martignani
- Department of Cardiology, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Di Bologna, Policlinico Di S.Orsola, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Ziacchi
- Department of Cardiology, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Di Bologna, Policlinico Di S.Orsola, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Igor Diemberger
- Department of Cardiology, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Di Bologna, Policlinico Di S.Orsola, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Fanti
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Di Bologna, Policlinico Di S.Orsola, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Boriani
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Polyclinic of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Mauro Biffi
- Department of Cardiology, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Di Bologna, Policlinico Di S.Orsola, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nazzareno Galié
- Department of Cardiology, IRCCS, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Di Bologna, Policlinico Di S.Orsola, Via Massarenti 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy.,Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Ikeya Y, Saito Y, Nakai T, Kogawa R, Otsuka N, Wakamatsu Y, Kurokawa S, Ohkubo K, Nagashima K, Okumura Y. Prognostic importance of the Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score in patients undergoing cardiac resynchronisation therapy. Open Heart 2021; 8:openhrt-2021-001740. [PMID: 34711651 PMCID: PMC8557277 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2021-001740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Malnutrition is common and associated with worse clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF). The Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score is an integrated index for evaluating diverse aspects of the complex mechanism of malnutrition. However, the relationship between the severity of malnutrition assessed by the CONUT score and clinical outcomes of HF patients receiving cardiac resynchronisation therapy (CRT) has not been fully clarified. Methods Clinical records of 263 patients who underwent pacemaker or defibrillator implantation for CRT between March 2003 and October 2020 were retrospectively evaluated. The CONUT score was calculated from laboratory data obtained before CRT device implantation. Patients were divided into three groups: normal nutrition (CONUT scores 0–1, n=58), mild malnutrition (CONUT scores 2–4, n=132) and moderate or severe malnutrition (CONUT scores 5–12, n=73). The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Results The moderate or severe malnutrition group had a lower body mass index, more advanced New York Heart Association functional class, higher Clinical Frailty Scale score, lower levels of haemoglobin and higher levels of N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide (all p<0.05). In the moderate or severe malnutrition group, the CRT response rate was significantly lower than for the other two groups (p=0.001). During a median follow-up period of 31 (10–67) months, 103 (39.1%) patients died. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the moderate or severe malnutrition group had a significantly higher mortality rate (log-rank p<0.001). A higher CONUT score and CONUT score ≥5 remained significantly associated with all-cause mortality after adjusting for previously reported clinically relevant factors and the conventional risk score (VALID-CRT risk score) (all p<0.05). Conclusions A higher CONUT score before CRT device implantation was strongly associated with HF severity, frailty, lower CRT response rate and subsequent long-term all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukitoshi Ikeya
- Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Saito
- Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiko Nakai
- Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rikitake Kogawa
- Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Otsuka
- Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Wakamatsu
- Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kurokawa
- Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kimie Ohkubo
- Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Nagashima
- Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Okumura
- Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Jędrzejczyk-Patej E, Mazurek M, Kotalczyk A, Kowalska W, Konieczny-Kozielska A, Kozielski J, Podolecki T, Szulik M, Sokal A, Kowalski O, Kalarus Z, Średniawa B, Lenarczyk R. Upgrade from implantable cardioverter-defibrillator vs. de novo implantation of cardiac resynchronization therapy: long-term outcomes. Europace 2021; 23:113-122. [PMID: 33257952 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euaa339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To assess and compare long-term mortality and predictors thereof in de novo cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators (CRT-D) vs. upgrade from an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) to CRT-D. METHODS AND RESULTS Study population consisted of 595 consecutive patients with CRT-D implanted between 2002 and 2015 in a tertiary care, university hospital, in a densely inhabited, urban region of Poland [480 subjects (84.3%) with CRT-D de novo implantation; 115 patients (15.7%) upgraded from ICD to CRT-D]. In a median observation of 1692 days (range 457-3067), all-cause mortality for de novo CRT-D vs. CRT-D upgrade was 35.5% vs. 43.5%, respectively (P = 0.045). On multivariable regression analysis including all CRT recipients, the previously implanted ICD was an independent predictor for death [hazard ratio (HR) 1.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.10-2.29, P = 0.02]. For those, who were upgraded from ICD to CRT-D, the independent predictors for all-cause death were as follows: creatinine level (HR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.02, P = 0.01), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.11, P = 0.002), New York Heart Association (NYHA) IV class at baseline (HR 2.36, 95% CI 1.00-5.53, P = 0.049) and cardiac device-related infective endocarditis during follow-up (HR 2.42, 95% CI 1.02-5.75, P = 0.046). A new CRT scale (Creatinine ≥150 μmol/L; Remodelling, left ventricular end-systolic ≥59 mm; Threshold for NYHA, NYHA = IV) showed high prediction for mortality in CRT-D upgrades (AUC 0.70, 95% CI 0.59-0.80, P = 0.0007). CONCLUSION All-cause mortality in patients upgraded from ICD is significantly higher compared with de novo CRT-D implantations and reaches almost 45% within 4.5 years. A new CRT scale (Creatinine; Remodelling; Threshold for NYHA) has been proposed to help survival prediction following CRT upgrade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Jędrzejczyk-Patej
- Department of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Diseases and Electrotherapy, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Michał Mazurek
- Department of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Diseases and Electrotherapy, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kotalczyk
- Department of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Diseases and Electrotherapy, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Wiktoria Kowalska
- Students Scientific Society, Department of Cardiology, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Konieczny-Kozielska
- Students Scientific Society, Department of Cardiology, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jonasz Kozielski
- Students Scientific Society, Department of Cardiology, Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Tomasz Podolecki
- Department of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Diseases and Electrotherapy, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Mariola Szulik
- Department of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Diseases and Electrotherapy, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Adam Sokal
- Department of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Diseases and Electrotherapy, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Oskar Kowalski
- Department of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Diseases and Electrotherapy, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Kalarus
- Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Department of Cardiology, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Beata Średniawa
- Division of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Department of Cardiology, Silesian Center for Heart Diseases, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Radosław Lenarczyk
- Department of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Diseases and Electrotherapy, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases, Skłodowskiej-Curie 9, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
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Cardiac resynchronization therapy with or without defibrillation: a long-standing debate. Cardiol Rev 2021; 30:221-233. [PMID: 33758120 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) was shown to improve cardiac function, reduce heart failure hospitalizations, improve quality of life and prolong survival in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction and intraventricular conduction disturbances, mainly left bundle branch block, on optimal medical therapy with ACE-inhibitors, β-blockers and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists up-titrated to maximum tolerated evidence-based doses. CRT can be achieved by means of pacemaker systems (CRT-P) or devices with defibrillation capabilities (CRT-D). CRT-Ds offer an undoubted advantage in the prevention of arrhythmic death, but such an advantage may be of lesser degree in non-ischemic heart failure aetiologies. Moreover, the higher CRT-D hardware complexity compared to CRT-P may predispose to device/lead malfunctions and the higher current drainage may cause a shorter battery duration with consequent premature replacements and the well-known incremental complications. In a period of financial constraints, also device costs should be carefully evaluated, with recent reports suggesting that CRT-Ps may be favoured over CRT-Ds in patients with non-ischemic cardiomyopathy and no prior history of cardiac arrhythmias from a cost-effectiveness point of view. The choice between a CRT-P or a CRT-D device should be patient-tailored whenever straightforward defibrillator indications are not present. The Goldenberg score may facilitate this decision-making process in ambiguous settings. Age, comorbidities, kidney disease, atrial fibrillation, advanced functional class, inappropriate therapy risk, implantable device infections and malfunctions are factors potentially reducing the expected benefit from defibrillating capabilities. Future prospective, randomized controlled trials are warranted to directly compare the efficacy and safety of CRT-Ps and CRT-Ds.
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Cai M, Hua W, Zhang N, Yang S, Hu Y, Gu M, Niu H, Zhang S. A prognostic nomogram for event-free survival in patients with atrial fibrillation before cardiac resynchronization therapy. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:221. [PMID: 32404049 PMCID: PMC7222436 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01502-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF), one of the most common comorbidities of heart failure (HF), is associated with worse long-term prognosis in HF patients receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). However, there is still no convenient tool to identify CRT candidates with AF who are at high risk of mortality and hospitalization due to HF. Methods We included 152 consecutive patients with AF for CRT in our hospital from January 2009 to July 2019. Multiple imputation was used for missing values. With imputed datasets, a multivariate Cox regression model was performed for variable selection using the backward stepwise method to predict all-cause mortality and HF readmissions. A nomogram and nomogram-based scoring system were constructed from the selected predictors. Then, internal validation and calibration were achieved by the bootstrap method, deriving the corrected concordance index and calibration curves. Sensitivity analysis was also performed to validate our selected predictors. Results Five predictors were incorporated in the nomogram, including N-terminal pro brain natriuretic protein (NT-proBNP) > 1745 pg/mL, history of syncope, previous pulmonary hypertension, moderate or severe tricuspid regurgitation, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) > 4 mIU/L. The concordance index (0.70, 95% CI 0.62–0.77), corrected concordance index (0.67, 95% CI 0.59–0.74) and calibration curve showed optimal discrimination and calibration of the established nomogram. A significant difference in overall event-free survival was recognized by the nomogram-derived scores for patients with high risk (> 50 points), intermediate risk (21–50 points) and low risk (0–20 points) before CRT. Conclusion Our internally validated nomogram may be an applicable tool for the early risk stratification of CRT candidates with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsi Cai
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Fuwai Hospital, No. 167, Beilishi Rd, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Wei Hua
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Fuwai Hospital, No. 167, Beilishi Rd, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China.
| | - Nixiao Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Fuwai Hospital, No. 167, Beilishi Rd, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Shengwen Yang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Fuwai Hospital, No. 167, Beilishi Rd, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Yiran Hu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Fuwai Hospital, No. 167, Beilishi Rd, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Min Gu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Fuwai Hospital, No. 167, Beilishi Rd, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Hongxia Niu
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Fuwai Hospital, No. 167, Beilishi Rd, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Fuwai Hospital, No. 167, Beilishi Rd, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100037, China
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Yang S, Liu Z, Li W, Hu Y, Liu S, Jing R, Hua W. Validation of Three European Risk Scores to Predict Long-Term Outcomes for Patients Receiving Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in an Asian Population. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2020; 14:754-760. [PMID: 32372168 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-020-09999-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To validate externally and recalibrate three European risk scores for all-cause mortality and transplantation in patients receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in an Asian population. Data were collected at our institution between January 2010 and December 2017. The primary endpoints were all-cause mortality and heart transplantation. Of the 506 patients who were followed for 2 years, 104 reached the primary endpoint. The Kaplan-Meier event-free survival analysis, stratified according to the three scores, yielded significant results (log-rank test, all P < 0.05), with a good fit between the predicted and observed event rates (Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test, all P > 0.05). The ScREEN score yielded the best discriminatory power for the primary endpoints compared with the VALID-CRT and EAARN scores. ScREEN was the best predictor of all-cause mortality and heart transplantation. Risk scores based on different populations should be selected cautiously. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Zhimin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Wenran Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Division and Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, BNRist, Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yiran Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Shangyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Ran Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100039, China
| | - Wei Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100039, China.
- , Beijing, China.
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Barra S, Providência R, Narayanan K, Boveda S, Duehmke R, Garcia R, Leyva F, Roger V, Jouven X, Agarwal S, Levy WC, Marijon E. Time trends in sudden cardiac death risk in heart failure patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy: a systematic review. Eur Heart J 2019; 41:1976-1986. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
While data from randomized trials suggest a declining incidence of sudden cardiac death (SCD) among heart failure patients, the extent to which such a trend is present among patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has not been evaluated. We therefore assessed changes in SCD incidence, and associated factors, in CRT recipients over the last 20 years.
Methods and results
Literature search from inception to 30 April 2018 for observational and randomized studies involving CRT patients, with or without defibrillator, providing specific cause-of-death data. Sudden cardiac death was the primary endpoint. For each study, rate of SCD per 1000 patient-years of follow-up was calculated. Trend line graphs were subsequently constructed to assess change in SCD rates over time, which were further analysed by device type, patient characteristics, and medical therapy. Fifty-three studies, comprising 22 351 patients with 60 879 patient-years of follow-up and a total of 585 SCD, were included. There was a gradual decrease in SCD rates since the early 2000s in both randomized and observational studies, with rates falling more than four-fold. The rate of decline in SCD was steeper than that of all-cause mortality, and accordingly, the proportion of deaths which were due to SCD declined over the years. The magnitude of absolute decline in SCD was more prominent among CRT-pacemaker (CRT-P) patients compared to those receiving CRT-defibrillator (CRT-D), with the difference in SCD rates between CRT-P and CRT-D decreasing considerably over time. There was a progressive increase in age, use of beta-blockers, and left ventricular ejection fraction, and conversely, a decrease in QRS duration and antiarrhythmic drug use.
Conclusion
Sudden cardiac death rates have progressively declined in the CRT heart failure population over time, with the difference between CRT-D vs. CRT-P recipients narrowing considerably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Barra
- Cardiology Department, Hospital da Luz Arrabida, Praceta de Henrique Moreira 150, 4400-346 V. N. Gaia, Portugal
- Cardiology Department, V. N. Gaia Hospital Center, Rua Conceição Fernandes 4434-502 V. N. Gaia, Portugal
- Cardiology Department, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Papworth Rd, Cambridge CB2 0AY, UK
| | - Rui Providência
- Cardiology Department, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, W Smithfield, London EC1A 7BE, UK
| | - Kumar Narayanan
- Cardiology Department, Medicover Hospitals, Hyderabad, India
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (Inserm U970), Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, 56 Rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Serge Boveda
- Cardiology Department, Clinique Pasteur, 45 Avenue de Lombez - BP 27617 - 31076 TOULOUSE, 31300 Toulouse, France
| | - Rudolf Duehmke
- Cardiology Department, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Papworth Rd, Cambridge CB2 0AY, UK
- Cardiology Department, James Paget University Hospital, Lowestoft Road Gorleston-on-Sea, Great Yarmouth NR31 6LA, UK
| | - Rodrigue Garcia
- Cardiology Department, Poitiers University Hospital, 2 Rue de la Milétrie, 86021 Poitiers, France
| | - Francisco Leyva
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston University Medical School, 295 Aston Express Way, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
- Cardiology Department, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - Véronique Roger
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xavier Jouven
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (Inserm U970), Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, 56 Rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
- Cardiology Department, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, 20 Rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, 12 Rue de l'École de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Sharad Agarwal
- Cardiology Department, Royal Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Papworth Rd, Cambridge CB2 0AY, UK
| | - Wayne C Levy
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Eloi Marijon
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center (Inserm U970), Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, 56 Rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
- Cardiology Department, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, 20 Rue Leblanc, 75015 Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, 12 Rue de l'École de Médecine, 75006 Paris, France
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9
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Bertaglia E, Arena G, Pecora D, Reggiani A, D'Onofrio A, Palmisano P, De Simone A, Caico SI, Marini M, Maglia G, Ferraro A, Solimene F, Cecchetto A, Malacrida M, Botto GL, Lunati M, Stabile G. The VALID-CRT risk score reliably predicts response and outcome of cardiac resynchronization therapy in a real-world population. Clin Cardiol 2019; 42:919-924. [PMID: 31301152 PMCID: PMC6788573 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to confirm the value of the VALID-cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) risk score in predicting outcome and to assess its association with clinical response (CR) in an unselected real-world CRT population. METHODS AND RESULTS The present analysis comprised all consecutive CRT patients (pts) enrolled in the CRT-MORE registry from 2011 to 2013. Pts were stratified into five groups (quintiles 1-5) according to the VALID-CRT risk predictor index applied to the CRT-MORE population. In the analysis of clinical outcome, adverse events comprised death from any cause and non-fatal heart failure (HF) events requiring hospitalization. CR at 12-month follow-up was also assessed. We enrolled 905 pts. During a median follow-up of 1005 [627-1361] days, 134 patients died, and 79 had at least one HF hospitalization. At 12 months, 69% of pts displayed an improvement in their CR. The mean VALID-CRT risk score derived from the CRT-MOdular Registry (MORE) population was 0.317, ranging from -0.419 in Q1 to 2.59 in Q5. The risk-stratification algorithm was able to predict total mortality after CRT (survival ranging from 93%-Q1 to 77%-Q5; hazards ratio [HR] = 1.42, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25-1.61, P < .0001), and HF hospitalization (ranging from 95% to 90%; HR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.06-1.45, P = .009). CR was significantly lower in pts with a high-to-very high risk profile (Q4-5) than in pts with a low-to-intermediate risk profile (Q1-2-3) (55% vs 79%, P < .0001). CONCLUSION The VALID-CRT risk-stratification algorithm reliably predicts outcome and CRT response after CRT in an unselected, real-world population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuele Bertaglia
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Pietro Palmisano
- Cardiology Unit, 'Card. G. Panico' Hospital, Tricase (LE), Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Giovanni L Botto
- U.O. Electrophysiology, ASST Rhodense, Rho-Garbagnate Milanese (MI), Italy
| | - Maurizio Lunati
- Cardiotoracovascular Department, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
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10
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El Mahdiui M, van der Bijl P, Abou R, Ajmone Marsan N, Delgado V, Bax JJ. Global Left Ventricular Myocardial Work Efficiency in Healthy Individuals and Patients with Cardiovascular Disease. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2019; 32:1120-1127. [PMID: 31279618 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2019.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global left ventricular (LV) myocardial work efficiency, the ratio of constructive to wasted work in all LV segments, reflects the efficiency by which mechanical energy is expended during the cardiac cycle. Global LV myocardial work efficiency can be derived from LV pressure-strain loop analysis incorporating both noninvasively estimated blood pressure recordings and echocardiographic strain data. The aim of this study was to characterize global LV myocardial work efficiency in healthy individuals and patients with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors or overt cardiac disease. METHODS We retrospectively included healthy individuals without structural heart disease or CV risk factors, who were selected from an ongoing database of normal individuals, and matched for age and sex with (1) individuals without structural heart disease but with CV risk factors, (2) postinfarct patients without heart failure, and (3) heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). Global LV myocardial work efficiency was estimated with a proprietary algorithm from speckle-tracking strain analyses, as well as noninvasive blood pressure measurements. RESULTS In total, 120 individuals (44% male, 53 ± 13 years) were included (n = 30 per group). In healthy individuals without structural heart disease or CV risk factors, global LV myocardial work efficiency was 96.0% (interquartile range, 95.0%-96.3%). Myocardial efficiency of the LV did not differ significantly between individuals without structural heart disease and those with CV risk factors (96.0% vs 96.0%; P = .589). Global LV myocardial work efficiency, however, was significantly decreased in postinfarct patients (96.0% vs 93.0%, P < .001) and in those with HFrEF (96.0% vs 69.0%; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS While global LV myocardial work efficiency was similar in normal individuals and in those with CV risk factors, it was decreased in postinfarct and HFrEF patients. The global LV myocardial work efficiency values presented here show distinct patterns in different cardiac pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed El Mahdiui
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter van der Bijl
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rachid Abou
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Ajmone Marsan
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Victoria Delgado
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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11
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Leyva F, Zegard A, Taylor R, Foley PWX, Umar F, Patel K, Panting J, Ferro CJ, Chalil S, Marshall H, Qiu T. Renal function and the long-term clinical outcomes of cardiac resynchronization therapy with or without defibrillation. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2019; 42:595-602. [PMID: 30873640 PMCID: PMC6850577 DOI: 10.1111/pace.13659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aims Patients with moderate‐to‐severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) are underrepresented in clinical trials of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)‐defibrillation (CRT‐D) or CRT‐pacing (CRT‐P). We sought to determine whether outcomes after CRT‐D are better than after CRT‐P over a wide spectrum of CKD. Methods and Results Clinical events were quantified in relation to preimplant estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) after CRT‐D (n = 410 [39.2%]) or CRT‐P (n = 636 [60.8%]) implantation. Over a follow‐up period of 3.7 years (median, interquartile range: 2.1–5.7), the eGFR < 60 group (n = 598) had a higher risk of total mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 1.28; P = 0.017), total mortality or heart failure (HF) hospitalization (aHR: 1.32; P = 0.004), total mortality or hospitalization for major adverse cardiac events (MACEs, aHR: 1.34; P = 0.002), and cardiac mortality (aHR: 1.33; P = 0.036), compared to the eGFR ≥ 60 group (n = 448), after covariate adjustment. In analyses of CRT‐D versus CRT‐P, CRT‐D was associated with a lower risk of total mortality (eGFR ≥ 60 HR: 0.65; P = 0.028; eGFR < 60 HR: 0.64, P = 0.002), total mortality or HF hospitalization (eGFR ≥ 60 aHR: 0.66; P = 0.021; eGFR < 60 aHR: 0.69, P = 0.007), total mortality or hospitalization for MACEs (eGFR ≥ 60 aHR: 0.70; P = 0.039; eGFR < 60 aHR: 0.69, P = 0.005), and cardiac mortality (eGFR ≥ 60 aHR: 0.60; P = 0.026; eGFR < 60 aHR: 0.55; P = 0.003). Conclusion In CRT recipients, moderate CKD is associated with a higher mortality and morbidity compared to normal renal function or mild CKD. Despite less favorable absolute outcomes, patients with moderate CKD had better outcomes after CRT‐D than after CRT‐P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Leyva
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Abbasin Zegard
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Robin Taylor
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul W X Foley
- Great Western Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Swindon, United Kingdom
| | - Fraz Umar
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kiran Patel
- Good Hope Hospital, Sutton Coldfield, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Panting
- Good Hope Hospital, Sutton Coldfield, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Charles J Ferro
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shajil Chalil
- Blackpool Royal Infirmary, Blackpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Tian Qiu
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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12
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van der Bijl P, Khidir MJ, Leung M, Yilmaz D, Mertens B, Ajmone Marsan N, Delgado V, Bax JJ. Reduced left ventricular mechanical dispersion at 6 months follow-up after cardiac resynchronization therapy is associated with superior long-term outcome. Heart Rhythm 2018; 15:1683-1689. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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13
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Zweerink A, Wu L, de Roest GJ, Nijveldt R, de Cock CC, van Rossum AC, Allaart CP. Improved patient selection for cardiac resynchronization therapy by normalization of QRS duration to left ventricular dimension. Europace 2018; 19:1508-1513. [PMID: 27707784 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euw265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims This study evaluates the relative importance of two components of QRS prolongation, myocardial conduction velocity and travel distance of the electrical wave front (i.e. path length), for the prediction of acute response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in left bundle branch block (LBBB) patients. Methods and results Thirty-two CRT candidates (ejection fraction <35%, LBBB) underwent cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging to provide detailed information on left ventricular (LV) dimensions. Left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) was used as a primary measure for path length, subsequently QRSd was normalized to LV dimension (i.e. QRSd divided by LVEDV) to adjust for conduction path length. Invasive pressure-volume loop analysis at baseline and during CRT was used to assess acute pump function improvement, expressed as LV stroke work (SW) change. During CRT, SW improved by +38 ± 46% (P < 0.001). The baseline LVEDV was positively related to QRSd (R = 0.36, P = 0.044). Despite this association, a paradoxical inverse relation was found between LVEDV and SW improvement during CRT (R = -0.40; P = 0.025). Baseline unadjusted QRSd was found to be unrelated to SW changes during CRT (R = 0.16; P = 0.383), whereas normalized QRSd (QRSd/LVEDV) yielded a strong correlation with CRT response (R = 0.49; P = 0.005). Other measures of LV dimension, including LV length, LV diameter, and LV end-systolic volume, showed similar relations with normalized QRSd and SW improvement. Conclusion Since normalized QRSd reflects myocardial conduction properties, these findings suggest that myocardial conduction velocity rather than increased path length mainly determines response to CRT. Normalizing QRSd to LV dimension might provide a relatively simple method to improve patient selection for CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zweerink
- Department of Cardiology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Wu
- Department of Cardiology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G J de Roest
- Department of Cardiology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R Nijveldt
- Department of Cardiology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C C de Cock
- Department of Cardiology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A C van Rossum
- Department of Cardiology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C P Allaart
- Department of Cardiology, VU University Medical Center, De Boelelaan 1118, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute for Cardiovascular Research (ICaR-VU), VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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14
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Khidir MJH, Abou R, Yilmaz D, Ajmone Marsan N, Delgado V, Bax JJ. Prognostic value of global longitudinal strain in heart failure patients treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy. Heart Rhythm 2018; 15:1533-1539. [PMID: 29604420 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2018.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial fibrosis (macroscopic scar or diffuse reactive fibrosis) is one of the determinants of impaired left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) in heart failure (HF) patients. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic value of LV GLS in HF patients treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). METHODS The study included 829 HF patients (mean age 64.6 ± 10.4 years; 72% men) treated with CRT. Before CRT implantation, LV GLS was assessed using 2-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography. The primary endpoint was the combination of all-cause mortality, heart transplantation, and LV assist device implantation. The secondary endpoint was the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias or appropriate implantable defibrillator device therapies. RESULTS During follow-up, 332 patients reached the primary endpoint, and 233 presented with the secondary endpoint. Patients were divided according to LV GLS quartiles. Patients with the most impaired LV GLS quartile had a 2-fold higher risk of reaching the combined endpoint compared with patients in the best LV GLS quartile (hazard ratio [HR] 2.088; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.555-2.804; P <.001). LV GLS was significantly associated with the combined endpoint (HR 1.075; 95% CI 1.020-1.133; P = .007) after adjusting for clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic characteristics. Although patients in the most impaired LV GLS quartile showed higher event rates for the secondary endpoint compared with the other groups, LV GLS was not independently associated with the secondary endpoint (HR 1.047; 95% CI 0.989-1.107; P = .115). CONCLUSION In this large cohort of CRT patients, baseline LV GLS was independently associated with the combined endpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mand J H Khidir
- Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rachid Abou
- Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Dilek Yilmaz
- Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Ajmone Marsan
- Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Victoria Delgado
- Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Heart Lung Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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15
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Daubert C, Behar N, Martins RP, Mabo P, Leclercq C. Avoiding non-responders to cardiac resynchronization therapy: a practical guide. Eur Heart J 2018; 38:1463-1472. [PMID: 27371720 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Over two decades after the introduction of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) into clinical practice, ∼30% of candidates continue to fail to respond to this highly effective treatment of drug-refractory heart failure (HF). Since the causes of this non-response (NR) are multifactorial, it will require multidisciplinary efforts to overcome. Progress has, thus far, been slowed by several factors, ranging from a lack of consensus regarding the definition of NR and technological limitations to the delivery of therapy. We critically review the various endpoints that have been used in landmark clinical trials of CRT, and the variability in response rates that has been observed as a result of these different investigational designs, different sample populations enrolled and different means of therapy delivered, including new means of multisite and left ventricular endocardial simulation. Precise recommendations are offered regarding the optimal device programming, use of telemonitoring and optimization of management of HF. Potentially reversible causes of NR to CRT are reviewed, with emphasis on loss of biventricular stimulation due to competing arrhythmias. The prevention of NR to CRT is essential to improve the overall performance of this treatment and lower its risk-benefit ratio. These objectives require collaborative efforts by the HF team, the electrophysiologists and the cardiac imaging experts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claude Daubert
- School of medicine, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France.,LTSI INSERM U1099, Rennes, France
| | - Nathalie Behar
- Cardiology and vascular diseases Division, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Raphaël P Martins
- School of medicine, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France.,LTSI INSERM U1099, Rennes, France.,Cardiology and vascular diseases Division, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Philippe Mabo
- School of medicine, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France.,LTSI INSERM U1099, Rennes, France.,Cardiology and vascular diseases Division, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - Christophe Leclercq
- School of medicine, Rennes 1 University, Rennes, France.,LTSI INSERM U1099, Rennes, France.,Cardiology and vascular diseases Division, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
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16
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Kalscheur MM, Kipp RT, Tattersall MC, Mei C, Buhr KA, DeMets DL, Field ME, Eckhardt LL, Page CD. Machine Learning Algorithm Predicts Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Outcomes: Lessons From the COMPANION Trial. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2018; 11:e005499. [PMID: 29326129 PMCID: PMC5769699 DOI: 10.1161/circep.117.005499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) reduces morbidity and mortality in heart failure patients with reduced left ventricular function and intraventricular conduction delay. However, individual outcomes vary significantly. This study sought to use a machine learning algorithm to develop a model to predict outcomes after CRT. METHODS AND RESULTS Models were developed with machine learning algorithms to predict all-cause mortality or heart failure hospitalization at 12 months post-CRT in the COMPANION trial (Comparison of Medical Therapy, Pacing, and Defibrillation in Heart Failure). The best performing model was developed with the random forest algorithm. The ability of this model to predict all-cause mortality or heart failure hospitalization and all-cause mortality alone was compared with discrimination obtained using a combination of bundle branch block morphology and QRS duration. In the 595 patients with CRT-defibrillator in the COMPANION trial, 105 deaths occurred (median follow-up, 15.7 months). The survival difference across subgroups differentiated by bundle branch block morphology and QRS duration did not reach significance (P=0.08). The random forest model produced quartiles of patients with an 8-fold difference in survival between those with the highest and lowest predicted probability for events (hazard ratio, 7.96; P<0.0001). The model also discriminated the risk of the composite end point of all-cause mortality or heart failure hospitalization better than subgroups based on bundle branch block morphology and QRS duration. CONCLUSIONS In the COMPANION trial, a machine learning algorithm produced a model that predicted clinical outcomes after CRT. Applied before device implant, this model may better differentiate outcomes over current clinical discriminators and improve shared decision-making with patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Kalscheur
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health (M.M.K., R.T.K., M.C.T., M.E.F., L.L.E.), Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (C.M., K.A.B., D.L.D., C.D.P.), University of Wisconsin Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (C.M.), and Department of Computer Sciences (C.D.P.), University of Wisconsin-Madison.
| | - Ryan T Kipp
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health (M.M.K., R.T.K., M.C.T., M.E.F., L.L.E.), Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (C.M., K.A.B., D.L.D., C.D.P.), University of Wisconsin Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (C.M.), and Department of Computer Sciences (C.D.P.), University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Matthew C Tattersall
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health (M.M.K., R.T.K., M.C.T., M.E.F., L.L.E.), Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (C.M., K.A.B., D.L.D., C.D.P.), University of Wisconsin Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (C.M.), and Department of Computer Sciences (C.D.P.), University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Chaoqun Mei
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health (M.M.K., R.T.K., M.C.T., M.E.F., L.L.E.), Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (C.M., K.A.B., D.L.D., C.D.P.), University of Wisconsin Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (C.M.), and Department of Computer Sciences (C.D.P.), University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Kevin A Buhr
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health (M.M.K., R.T.K., M.C.T., M.E.F., L.L.E.), Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (C.M., K.A.B., D.L.D., C.D.P.), University of Wisconsin Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (C.M.), and Department of Computer Sciences (C.D.P.), University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - David L DeMets
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health (M.M.K., R.T.K., M.C.T., M.E.F., L.L.E.), Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (C.M., K.A.B., D.L.D., C.D.P.), University of Wisconsin Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (C.M.), and Department of Computer Sciences (C.D.P.), University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Michael E Field
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health (M.M.K., R.T.K., M.C.T., M.E.F., L.L.E.), Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (C.M., K.A.B., D.L.D., C.D.P.), University of Wisconsin Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (C.M.), and Department of Computer Sciences (C.D.P.), University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Lee L Eckhardt
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health (M.M.K., R.T.K., M.C.T., M.E.F., L.L.E.), Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (C.M., K.A.B., D.L.D., C.D.P.), University of Wisconsin Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (C.M.), and Department of Computer Sciences (C.D.P.), University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - C David Page
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health (M.M.K., R.T.K., M.C.T., M.E.F., L.L.E.), Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics (C.M., K.A.B., D.L.D., C.D.P.), University of Wisconsin Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (C.M.), and Department of Computer Sciences (C.D.P.), University of Wisconsin-Madison
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17
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Höke U, Mertens B, Khidir MJH, Schalij MJ, Bax JJ, Delgado V, Ajmone Marsan N. Usefulness of the CRT-SCORE for Shared Decision Making in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy in Patients With a Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction of ≤35. Am J Cardiol 2017; 120:2008-2016. [PMID: 29031415 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Individualized estimation of prognosis after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) remains challenging. Our aim was to develop a multiparametric prognostic risk score (CRT-SCORE) that could be used for patient-specific clinical shared decision making about CRT implantation. The CRT-SCORE was derived from an ongoing CRT registry, including 1,053 consecutive patients (age 67 ± 10 years, 76% male). Using preimplantation variables, 100 multiple imputed datasets were generated for model calibration. Based on multivariate Cox regression models, cross-validated linear prognostic scores were calculated, as well as survival fractions at 1 and 5 years. Specifically, the CRT-SCORE was calculated using atrioventricular junction ablation, age, gender, etiology, New York Heart Association class, diabetes, hemoglobin level, renal function, left bundle branch block, QRS duration, atrial fibrillation, left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions, and mitral regurgitation, and showed a good discriminative ability (areas under the curve 0.773 at 1 year and 0.748 at 5 years). During the long-term follow-up (median 60 months, interquartile range 31 to 85), all-cause mortality was observed in 494 (47%) patients. Based on the distribution of the CRT-SCORE, lower- and higher-risk patient groups were identified. Estimated mean survival rates of 98% at 1 year and 92% at 5 years were observed in the lowest 5% risk group (L5 CRT-SCORE: -4.42 to -1.60), whereas the highest 5% risk group (H5 CRT-SCORE: 1.44 to 2.89) showed poor survival rates: 78% at 1 year and 22% at 5 years. In conclusion, the CRT-SCORE allows accurate prediction of 1- and 5-year survival rates after CRT using readily available and CRT-specific clinical, electrocardiographic, and echocardiographic parameters. The model may assist clinicians in counseling patients and in decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulas Höke
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands (ICIN), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Mertens
- Medical Statistics Department, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mand J H Khidir
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Schalij
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Victoria Delgado
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Ajmone Marsan
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Leyva F, Zegard A, Qiu T, Acquaye E, Ferrante G, Walton J, Marshall H. Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Using Quadripolar Versus Non-Quadripolar Left Ventricular Leads Programmed to Biventricular Pacing With Single-Site Left Ventricular Pacing: Impact on Survival and Heart Failure Hospitalization. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:e007026. [PMID: 29042422 PMCID: PMC5721885 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), quadripolar (QUAD) left ventricular (LV) leads are less prone to postoperative complications than non-QUAD leads. Some studies have suggested better clinical outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS Clinical events were assessed in 847 patients after CRT-pacing or CRT-defibrillation using either QUAD (n=287) or non-QUAD (n=560), programmed to single-site site LV pacing. Over a follow-up period of 3.2 years (median [interquartile range, 1.90-5.0]), QUAD was associated with a lower total mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.20-0.52), cardiac mortality (aHR: 0.36, 95% CI, 0.20-0.65), and heart failure (HF) hospitalization (aHR: 0.62, 95% CI, 0.39-0.99), after adjustment for age, sex, New York Heart Association class, HF etiology, device type (CRT-pacing or CRT-defibrillation), comorbidities, atrial rhythm, medication, left ventricular ejection fraction, and creatinine. Death from pump failure was lower with QUAD (aHR: 0.33; 95% CI, 0.18-0.62), but no group differences emerged with respect to sudden cardiac death. There were no differences in implant-related complications. Re-interventions for LV displacement or phrenic nerve stimulation, which were lower with QUAD, predicted total mortality (aHR: 1.68, 95% CI, 1.11-2.54), cardiac mortality (aHR: 2.61, 95% CI, 1.66-4.11) and HF hospitalization (aHR: 2.09, 95% CI, 1.22-3.58). CONCLUSIONS CRT using QUAD, programmed to biventricular pacing with single-site LV pacing, is associated with a lower total mortality, cardiac mortality, and HF hospitalization. These trends were observed for both CRT-defibrillation and CRT-pacing, after adjustment for HF cause and other confounders. Re-intervention for LV lead displacement or phrenic nerve stimulation was associated with worse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Leyva
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Abbasin Zegard
- Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston Medical School, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Tian Qiu
- Quality and Outcomes Research Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Jamie Walton
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Howard Marshall
- Quality and Outcomes Research Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Barra S, Providência R, Duehmke R, Boveda S, Begley D, Grace A, Narayanan K, Tang A, Marijon E, Agarwal S. Cause-of-death analysis in patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy with or without a defibrillator: a systematic review and proportional meta-analysis. Europace 2017; 20:481-491. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eux094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Barra
- Cardiology Department, Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB23 3RE, UK
| | - Rui Providência
- Cardiology Department, Barts Heart Centre, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Rudolf Duehmke
- Cardiology Department, Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB23 3RE, UK
| | - Serge Boveda
- Cardiology Department, Clinique Pasteur, Toulouse, France
| | - David Begley
- Cardiology Department, Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB23 3RE, UK
| | - Andrew Grace
- Cardiology Department, Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB23 3RE, UK
| | | | - Anthony Tang
- Cardiology Department, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eloi Marijon
- Paris Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Paris, France
- Cardiology Department, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France
- Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Sharad Agarwal
- Cardiology Department, Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge CB23 3RE, UK
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20
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Impact of baseline renal function on all-cause mortality in patients who underwent cardiac resynchronization therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Arrhythm 2017; 33:417-423. [PMID: 29021843 PMCID: PMC5634685 DOI: 10.1016/j.joa.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves both morbidity and mortality in selected patients with heart failure and increased QRS duration. However, chronic kidney disease (CKD) may have an adverse effect on patient outcome. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the existing data regarding the impact of baseline renal function on all-cause mortality in patients who underwent CRT. METHODS Medline database was searched systematically, and studies evaluating the effect of baseline renal function on all-cause mortality in patients who underwent CRT were retrieved. We performed three separate analyses according to the comparison groups included in each study. Data were analyzed using Review Manager software (RevMan version 5.3; Oxford, UK). RESULTS We included 16 relevant studies in our analysis. Specifically, 13 studies showed a statistically significant higher risk of all-cause mortality in patients with impaired baseline renal function who underwent CRT. The remaining three studies did not show a statistically significant result. The quantitative synthesis of five studies showed a 19% decrease in all-cause mortality per 10-unit increment in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) [HR: 0.81, 95% CI (0.73-0.90), p<0.01, 86% I2]. Additionally, we demonstrated that patients with an eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m2 had an all-cause mortality rate of 66% [HR: 1.66, 95% CI (1.37-2.02), p<0.01, 0% I2], which was higher than in those with an eGFR≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2. CONCLUSION Baseline renal dysfunction has an adverse effect on-all cause mortality in patients who underwent CRT.
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21
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Nauffal V, Zhang Y, Tanawuttiwat T, Blasco-Colmenares E, Rickard J, Marine JE, Butcher B, Norgard S, Dickfeld TM, Ellenbogen KA, Guallar E, Tomaselli GF, Cheng A. Clinical decision tool for CRT-P vs. CRT-D implantation: Findings from PROSE-ICD. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175205. [PMID: 28388657 PMCID: PMC5384669 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) devices reduce mortality through pacing-induced cardiac resynchronization and implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy for ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). Whether certain factors can predict if patients will benefit more from implantation of CRT pacemakers (CRT-P) or CRT defibrillators (CRT-D) remains unclear. Methods and results We followed 305 primary prevention CRT-D recipients for the two primary outcomes of HF hospitalization and ICD therapy for VAs. Serum biomarkers, electrocardiographic and clinical variables were collected prior to implant. Multivariable analysis using Cox-proportional hazards model was used to fit the final models. Among 282 patients with follow-up outcome data, 75 (26.6%) were hospitalized for HF and 31 (11%) received appropriate ICD therapy. Independent predictors of HF hospitalization were atrial fibrillation (HR = 1.8 (1.1,2.9)), NYHA class III/IV (HR = 2.2 (1.3,3.6)), ejection fraction <20% (HR = 1.7 (1.1,2.7)), HS-IL6 >4.03pg/ml (HR = 1.7 (1.1,2.9)) and hemoglobin (<12g/dl) (HR = 2.2 (1.3,3.6)). Independent predictors of appropriate therapy included BUN >20mg/dL (HR = 3.0 (1.3,7.1)), HS-CRP >9.42mg/L (HR = 2.3 (1.1,4.7)), no beta blocker therapy (HR = 3.2 (1.4,7.1)) and hematocrit ≥38% (HR = 2.7 (1.03,7.0)). Patients with 0–1 risk factors for appropriate therapy (IR 1 per 100 person-years) and ≥3 risk factors for HF hospitalization (IR 23 per 100-person-years) were more likely to die prior to receiving an appropriate ICD therapy. Conclusions Clinical and biomarker data can risk stratify CRT patients for HF progression and VAs. These findings may help characterize subgroups of patients that may benefit more from the use of CRT-P vs. CRT-D systems. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00733590
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Nauffal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Yiyi Zhang
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tanyanan Tanawuttiwat
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Elena Blasco-Colmenares
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John Rickard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Joseph E. Marine
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Barbara Butcher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sanaz Norgard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Timm-Michael Dickfeld
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kenneth A. Ellenbogen
- Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Eliseo Guallar
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Gordon F. Tomaselli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Alan Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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22
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Abstract
Nonresponse to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is still a major issue in therapy expansion. The description of fast, simple, cost-effective methods to optimize CRT could help in adapting pacing intervals to individual patients. A better understanding of the importance of appropriate patient selection, left ventricular lead placement, and device programming, together with a multidisciplinary approach and an optimal follow-up of the patients, may reduce the percentage of nonresponders.
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Affiliation(s)
- José María Tolosana
- Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, Barcelona, Catalonia 08036, Spain
| | - Lluís Mont
- Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Villarroel 170, Barcelona, Catalonia 08036, Spain.
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23
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Lopes C, Pereira T, Barra S. Cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis. Rev Port Cardiol 2016; 33:717-25. [PMID: 25457476 DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To combine the results of the best scientific evidence in order to compare the effects of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in heart failure patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and in sinus rhythm (SR) and to determine the effect of atrioventricular nodal ablation in AF patients. METHODS The electronic databases PubMed, B-On and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched, and manual searches were performed, for randomized controlled trials and cohort studies up to November 2012. The endpoints analyzed were all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and response to CRT. RESULTS We included 19 studies involving 5324 patients: 1399 in AF and 3925 in SR. All-cause mortality was more likely in patients with AF compared to patients in SR (OR = 1.69; 95% CI: 1.20–2.37; p = 0.002). There were no statistically significant differences in cardiovascular mortality (OR = 1.36; 95% CI: 0.92–2.01; p = 0.12). AF was associated with an increased likelihood of lack of response to CRT (OR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.15–1.73; p = 0.001). Among subjects with AF, ablation of the atrioventricular node was associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality (OR = 0.42; 95% CI: 0.22–0.80; p = 0.008), cardiovascular death (OR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.20–0.75; p = 0.005) and the number of non-responders to CRT (OR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.10–0.90; p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS The presence of AF is associated with increased likelihood of all-cause death and non-response to CRT, compared to patients in SR. However, many patients with AF benefit from CRT. Atrioventricular nodal ablation appears to increase the benefits of CRT in patients with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Lopes
- Escola Superior de Tecnologia das Saúde de Coimbra, Departamento de Cardiopneumologia, Coimbra, Portugal.
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24
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Nauffal V, Tanawuttiwat T, Zhang Y, Rickard J, Marine JE, Butcher B, Norgard S, Dickfeld T, Ellenbogen KA, Guallar E, Tomaselli GF, Cheng A. Predictors of mortality, LVAD implant, or heart transplant in primary prevention cardiac resynchronization therapy recipients: The HF-CRT score. Heart Rhythm 2015; 12:2387-94. [PMID: 26190316 PMCID: PMC4656051 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) reduces morbidity and mortality among individuals with dyssynchronous systolic heart failure (HF). However, patient outcomes vary, with some at higher risk than others for HF progression and death. OBJECTIVE To develop a risk prediction score incorporating variables associated with mortality, left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implant, or heart transplant in recipients of a primary prevention cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator (CRT-D). METHODS We followed 305 CRT-D patients from the Prospective Observational Study of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators for the composite outcome of all-cause mortality, LVAD implant, or heart transplant soon after device implantation. Serum biomarkers and electrocardiographic and clinical variables were collected at implant. Multivariable analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model with stepwise selection method was used to fit the final model. RESULTS Among 305 patients, 53 experienced the composite endpoint. In multivariable analysis, 5 independent predictors ("HF-CRT") were identified: high-sensitivity C-reactive protein >9.42 ng/L (HR = 2.5 [1.4, 4.5]), New York Heart Association functional class III/IV (HR = 2.3 [1.2, 4.5]), creatinine >1.2 mg/dL (HR = 2.7 [1.4, 5.1]), red blood cell count <4.3 × 10(6)/μL (HR = 2.4 [1.3, 4.7]), and cardiac troponin T >28 ng/L (HR = 2.7 [1.4, 5.2]). One point was attributed to each predictor and 3 score categories were identified. Patients with scores 0-1, 2-3, and 4-5 had a 3-year cumulative event-free survival of 96.8%, 79.7%, and 35.2%, respectively (log-rank, P < .001). CONCLUSION A simple score combining clinical and readily available biomarker data can risk-stratify CRT patients for HF progression and death. These findings may help identify patients who are in need of closer monitoring or early application of more aggressive circulatory support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Nauffal
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Yiyi Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John Rickard
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joseph E Marine
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Barbara Butcher
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sanaz Norgard
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Timm Dickfeld
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Eliseo Guallar
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gordon F Tomaselli
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alan Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes, Baltimore, Maryland.
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25
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Abstract
Nonresponse to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is still a major issue in therapy expansion. The description of fast, simple, cost-effective methods to optimize CRT could help in adapting pacing intervals to individual patients. A better understanding of the importance of appropriate patient selection, left ventricular lead placement, and device programming, together with a multidisciplinary approach and an optimal follow-up of the patients, may reduce the percentage of nonresponders.
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26
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Boriani G, Savelieva I, Dan GA, Deharo JC, Ferro C, Israel CW, Lane DA, La Manna G, Morton J, Mitjans AM, Vos MA, Turakhia MP, Lip GY. Chronic kidney disease in patients with cardiac rhythm disturbances or implantable electrical devices: clinical significance and implications for decision making-a position paper of the European Heart Rhythm Association endorsed by the Heart Rhythm Society and the Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society. Europace 2015; 17:1169-96. [PMID: 26108808 PMCID: PMC6281310 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euv202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Boriani
- Corresponding author. Giuseppe Boriani, Institute of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy. Tel: +39 051 349858; fax: +39 051 344859. E-mail address:
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Trucco E, Tolosana JM, Castel MÁ, Batlle M, Borràs R, Sitges M, Guash E, Matas M, Arbelo E, Berruezo A, Brugada J, Mont L. Plasma tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 a predictor of long-term mortality in patients treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy. Europace 2015; 18:232-7. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euv054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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28
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Herz ND, Engeda J, Zusterzeel R, Sanders WE, O'Callaghan KM, Strauss DG, Jacobs SB, Selzman KA, Piña IL, Caños DA. Sex differences in device therapy for heart failure: utilization, outcomes, and adverse events. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2015; 24:261-71. [PMID: 25793483 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2014.4980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple studies of heart failure patients demonstrated significant improvement in exercise capacity, quality of life, cardiac left ventricular function, and survival from cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), but the underenrollment of women in these studies is notable. Etiological and pathophysiological differences may result in different outcomes in response to this treatment by sex. The observed disproportionate representation of women suggests that many women with heart failure either do not meet current clinical criteria to receive CRT in trials or are not properly recruited and maintained in these studies. METHODS We performed a systematic literature review through May 2014 of clinical trials and registries of CRT use that stratified outcomes by sex or reported percent women included. One-hundred eighty-three studies contained sex-specific information. RESULTS Ninety percent of the studies evaluated included ≤ 35% women. Fifty-six articles included effectiveness data that reported response with regard to specific outcome parameters. When compared with men, women exhibited more dramatic improvement in specific parameters. In the studies reporting hazard ratios for hospitalization or death, women generally had greater benefit from CRT. CONCLUSIONS Our review confirms women are markedly underrepresented in CRT trials, and when a CRT device is implanted, women have a therapeutic response that is equivalent to or better than in men, while there is no difference in adverse events reported by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi D Herz
- Center for Devices and Radiological Health, United States Food and Drug Administration , Silver Spring, Maryland
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29
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Luscher TF. Novel prognostic markers and treatment options in heart failure: from palliative to regenerative medicine. Eur Heart J 2015; 36:699-701. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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30
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Upadhyay GA, Chatterjee NA, Kandala J, Friedman DJ, Park MY, Tabtabai SR, Hung J, Singh JP. Assessing mitral regurgitation in the prediction of clinical outcome after cardiac resynchronization therapy. Heart Rhythm 2015; 12:1201-8. [PMID: 25708879 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) has been shown to reduce mitral regurgitation (MR), although the clinical impact of this improvement remains uncertain. OBJECTIVES We sought to evaluate the impact of MR improvement on clinical outcome after CRT and to assess predictors and mechanism for change in MR. METHODS This was a cohort study of patients undergoing CRT for conventional indications with baseline and follow-up echocardiography (at 6 months). MR severity was classified into 4 grades. The primary end point was time to all-cause death or time to first heart failure (HF) hospitalization assessed at 3 years. RESULTS A total of 439 patients were included: median age was 70.2 years, 90 (20.5%) were women, 255 (58.1%) with ischemic cardiomyopathy, and mean QRS width was 162 ms. Worsening severity of baseline MR was independently predictive of HF or all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 1.33; 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.75; P = .042). Reduction in MR after CRT was significantly associated with lower HF hospitalization and improved survival (hazard ratio 0.65; 95% confidence interval 0.49-0.85; P = .002). Degree of baseline MR and longer surface QRS to left ventricular lead time were significant predictors of MR change. Patients with MR reduction exhibited lower mitral valve tenting area (P < .001) and coaptation height (P < .001) than those with stable or worsening MR, suggestive of improved ventricular geometry as a mechanism for change in MR. CONCLUSION Degree of baseline MR and change in MR after CRT predicted all-cause mortality and HF hospitalization at 3 years. Longer surface QRS to left ventricular lead time at implant may be a means to target MR improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav A Upadhyay
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Heart Rhythm Center, Section of Cardiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Jagdesh Kandala
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel J Friedman
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mi-Young Park
- Echocardiography Laboratory of the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Judy Hung
- Echocardiography Laboratory of the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jagmeet P Singh
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
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31
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Sagara K. Ventriculoventricular delay optimization of a cardiac resynchronization device. J Arrhythm 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joa.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
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32
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Lopes C, Pereira T, Barra S. Cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis. REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CARDIOLOGIA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.repce.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Khatib M, Tolosana JM, Trucco E, Borràs R, Castel A, Berruezo A, Doltra A, Sitges M, Arbelo E, Matas M, Brugada J, Mont L. EAARN score, a predictive score for mortality in patients receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy based on pre-implantation risk factors. Eur J Heart Fail 2014; 16:802-9. [PMID: 24863467 PMCID: PMC4312943 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The beneficial effects of CRT in patients with advanced heart failure, wide QRS, and low LVEF have been clearly established. Nevertheless, mortality remains high in some patients. The aims of our study were to identify the predictors of mortality in patients treated with CRT and to design a risk score for mortality. METHODS AND RESULTS A cohort of 608 consecutive patients treated with CRT from 2000 to 2011 in our centre was prospectively analysed. Baseline clinical and echocardiography variables were analysed and mortality data were collected. During a mean follow-up of 36.2 ± 29.2 months, 174 patients died: 123/174 (71%) due to cardiovascular causes, 25/174 (14%) non-cardiac causes, and 26/174 (15%) unknown aetiology. In a multivariate analysis the predictors of mortality were NYHA class IV [hazard ratio (HR) 2.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.7-3.7, P < 0.001], glomerular filtration rate (GFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 (HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.14-2.30, P = 0.008), AF (HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.19-2.3, P = 0.01), age ≥70 years (HR 1.44, (95% CI 1.04-2.00, P = 0.02), and LVEF <22% (HR 1.83, 95% CI 1.33-2.52, P ≤ 0.001). The EAARN score (EF, Age, AF, Renal dysfunction, NYHA class IV) summarizes the predictors. Each additional predictor increased the mortality: one predictor, HR 3.28 (95% CI 1.37-7.8, P = 0.008); two, HR 5.23 (95% CI 2.24-12.10, P < 0.001); three, HR 9.63 (95% CI 4.1-22.60, P < 0.001); and four or more, HR 14.38 (95% CI 5.8-35.65, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION The predictors of mortality have a significant add-on predictive effect on mortality. The EAARN score could be useful to stratify the prognosis of CRT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malek Khatib
- Thorax Institute, Cardiology Department, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Auger D, Hoke U, Thijssen J, Abate E, Yiu KH, Ewe SH, Witkowski TG, Leong DP, Holman ER, Ajmone Marsan N, Schalij MJ, Bax JJ, Delgado V. Effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy on the sequence of mechanical activation assessed by two-dimensional radial strain imaging. Am J Cardiol 2014; 113:982-7. [PMID: 24462070 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2013.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) induces left ventricular (LV) reverse remodeling by synchronizing LV mechanical activation. We evaluated changes in segmental LV activation after CRT and related them to CRT response. A total of 292 patients with heart failure (65 ± 10 years, 77% men) treated with CRT underwent baseline echocardiographic assessment of LV volumes and ejection fraction. Time-to-peak radial strain was measured for 6 midventricular LV segments with speckle-tracking strain imaging. Moreover, the time difference between the peak radial strain of the anteroseptal and the posterior segments was calculated to obtain LV dyssynchrony. After 6 months, LV volumes, segmental LV mechanical activation timings, and LV dyssynchrony were reassessed. Response to CRT was defined as ≥15% decrease in LV end-systolic volume at 6-month follow-up. Responders (n = 177) showed LV resynchronization 6 months after CRT (LV dyssynchrony from 200 ± 127 to 85 ± 86 ms; p <0.001) by earlier activation of the posterior segment (from 438 ± 141 to 394 ± 132 ms; p = 0.001) and delayed activation of the anteroseptal segment (from 295 ± 155 to 407 ± 138 ms; p <0.001). In contrast, nonresponders (n = 115) experienced an increase in LV dyssynchrony 6 months after CRT (from 106 ± 86 to 155 ± 112 ms; p = 0.001) with an earlier activation of posterior wall (from 391 ± 139 to 355 ± 136 ms; p = 0.039) that did not match the delayed anteroseptal activation (from 360 ± 148 to 415 ± 122 ms; p = 0.001). In conclusion, responders to CRT showed LV resynchronization through balanced lateral and anteroseptal activations. In nonresponders, LV dyssynchrony remains, by posterior wall preactivation and noncompensatory delayed septal wall activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Auger
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Ulas Hoke
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joep Thijssen
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Abate
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kai-Hang Yiu
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - See Hooi Ewe
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tomasz G Witkowski
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Darryl P Leong
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eduard R Holman
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nina Ajmone Marsan
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martin J Schalij
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J Bax
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Victoria Delgado
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Kristiansen H, Vollan G, Hovstad T, Keilegavlen H, Faerestrand S. A randomized study of haemodynamic effects and left ventricular dyssynchrony in right ventricular apical vs. high posterior septal pacing in cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur J Heart Fail 2014; 14:506-16. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfr162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H.M. Kristiansen
- Department of Heart Disease; Haukeland University Hospital; 5021 Bergen Norway
- Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - G. Vollan
- Department of Heart Disease; Haukeland University Hospital; 5021 Bergen Norway
| | - T. Hovstad
- Department of Heart Disease; Haukeland University Hospital; 5021 Bergen Norway
| | - H. Keilegavlen
- Department of Heart Disease; Haukeland University Hospital; 5021 Bergen Norway
| | - S. Faerestrand
- Department of Heart Disease; Haukeland University Hospital; 5021 Bergen Norway
- Institute of Medicine, University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
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Tolosana JM, Trucco E, Mont L. Complete atrioventricular block does reduce mortality in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy: reply. Eur J Heart Fail 2014; 16:115. [PMID: 24453103 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- José M Tolosana
- Thorax Institute Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 08036, Spain.
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Combined management of atrial fibrillation and heart failure: case studies. Heart Fail Rev 2013; 19:331-9. [PMID: 24101029 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-013-9410-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) are omnipresent cardiovascular disorders with a substantial impact on morbidity and mortality. As both share common risk factors, their pathophysiology is highly interrelated and a lot of patients present with both conditions. Surprisingly, despite their high prevalence, there is a paucity of evidence regarding the optimal combined management of AF and HF. The initial treatment for new-onset AF in the context of HF should focus on anticoagulation, rate control and prompt electrical cardioversion in case of hemodynamic instability. Subsequently, attention should focus upon the underlying pathophysiological substrate. This often requires multidisciplinary collaboration, not only between different subspecialties of cardiology, but also among medical and paramedical caregivers, especially when underlying HF is present. AF often contributes to worsening HF symptoms, but options to maintain sinus rhythm are less successful in patients with structural heart disease. Therefore, rhythm control strategies, whether medical or through catheter/surgical ablation, should target specific groups of patients with a high likelihood of perceived benefit. Indeed, morbidity and mortality are similar with rate versus rhythm control in the general population. Carefully performed cardiac imaging is vital to select these cases that might benefit most from rhythm control. A special group of HF patients are the one with cardiac devices, as they can be continuously monitored, even through remote care systems. The latter likely involves dedicated nurse practitioners and general physicians. Again, a collaborative environment with a disease management strategy is needed to ensure an optimally working device and maximized benefits for the patient.
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Toniolo M, Zanotto G, Rossi A, Tomasi L, Prioli MA, Vassanelli C. Long-term independent predictors of positive response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2013; 14:301-7. [PMID: 22395028 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0b013e328351f243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is currently considered an important breakthrough in the treatment of selected patients with refractory heart failure. However, long-term predictors of mortality, morbidity and time to recovery of ventricular function for those patients who respond positively to CRT remain poorly investigated. METHODS This is a retrospective follow-up study involving one hospital. Between August 2004 and October 2008, 211 consecutive patients with refractory heart failure received a CRT device in the Cardiology Division of Ospedale Civile Maggiore in Verona. The clinical characteristics studied were age, sex, heart rhythm, left ventricular end-systolic volume/body surface area (LVESV/BSA), left ventricular ejection fraction, QRS duration, type of bundle-branch block, cause, New York Heart Failure Association functional class, pharmacological therapy and lead position. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of several baseline characteristics on long-term prognosis in heart failure patients treated with CRT. RESULTS Nonischemic cause, left bundle-branch block and a basal LVESV/BSA of 106 ml/m or less were the only independent predictors of a positive response to CRT (P < 0.005). Additionally, a reduction in LVESV/BSA after CRT was associated both with increased survival and reduced rehospitalization for heart failure (P < 0.005). CONCLUSION A better selection of patients on the basis of cause, type of bundle-branch block and basal LVESV/BSA can increase the number of patients that would benefit from CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Toniolo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Biomedical and Surgical Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Verbrugge FH, Dupont M, Rivero-Ayerza M, de Vusser P, Van Herendael H, Vercammen J, Jacobs L, Verhaert D, Vandervoort P, Tang WHW, Mullens W. Comorbidity significantly affects clinical outcome after cardiac resynchronization therapy regardless of ventricular remodeling. J Card Fail 2013; 18:845-53. [PMID: 23141857 DOI: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 09/14/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The influence of comorbid conditions on ventricular remodeling, functional status, and clinical outcome after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is insufficiently elucidated. METHODS AND RESULTS The influence of different comorbid conditions on left ventricular remodeling, improvement in New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class, hospitalizations for heart failure, and all-cause mortality after CRT implantation was analyzed in 172 consecutive patients (mean age 71 ± 9 y), implanted from October 2008 to April 2011 in a single tertiary care hospital. During mean follow-up of 18 ± 9 months, 21 patients died and 57 were admitted for heart failure. Left ventricular remodeling and improvement in NYHA functional class were independent from comorbidity burden. However, diabetes mellitus (hazard ratio [HR] 3.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24-9.65) and chronic kidney disease (HR 3.11, 95% CI 1.10-8.81) were predictors of all-cause mortality, and the presence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (HR 1.89, 95% CI 1.02-3.53) was independently associated with heart failure admissions. Importantly, those 3 comorbid conditions had an additive negative impact on survival and heart failure admissions, even in patients with reverse left ventricular remodeling. CONCLUSIONS Reverse ventricular remodeling and improvement in functional status after CRT implantation are independent from comorbidity burden. However, comorbid conditions remain important predictors of all-cause mortality and heart failure admissions.
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Tolosana JM, Trucco E, Khatib M, Doltra A, Borras R, Castel MÁ, Berruezo A, Arbelo E, Sitges M, Matas M, Guasch E, Brugada J, Mont L. Complete atrioventricular block does not reduce long-term mortality in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur J Heart Fail 2013; 15:1412-8. [PMID: 23845796 DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hft114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS A maximum percentage of ventricular pacing is mandatory to obtain a good response to CRT. Atrioventricular junction (AVJ) ablation has been recommended to attain this objective in patients with AF. THE AIMS OF OUR STUDY WERE (i) to determine whether the presence of complete AVJ block (induced or spontaneous) improves survival in patients with permanent AF treated with CRT and (ii) to analyse the predictors of mortality in AF patients treated with CRT. METHODS AND RESULTS From a series of 608 patients treated with CRT in our centre from 2000 to 2011, a cohort of 155 patients with permanent AF was analysed. Patients in AF were divided into two groups, AF + AVJ block [76 (49%)] and AF non-AVJ block [79 (51%)]. Mean follow-up was 30 months (interquartile range 13-51 months). During the follow-up, 62 patients died. Overall and cardiovascular mortality were similar between both groups: hazard ratio (HR) 0.85, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.51-1.39, P = 0.51 and HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.52-1.68, P = 0.82. Multivariate analysis identified three independent predictors of mortality: basal NYHA functional class IV (HR 2.25, 95% CI 1.12-4.22, P = 0.03), glomerular filtration rate (HR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96-0.99, P = 0.03), and LVEF (HR 0.94, 95% CI 0.89-0.99, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS AVJ block did not improve survival for patients in AF treated with CRT. Basal NYHA functional class IV, poor renal function, and LVEF were the independent predictors of mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M Tolosana
- Thorax Institute, Cardiology Department, Hospital Clinic, Universitat de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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Agacdiken A, Celikyurt U, Sahin T, Karauzum K, Vural A, Ural D. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts response to cardiac resynchronization therapy. Med Sci Monit 2013; 19:373-7. [PMID: 23686301 PMCID: PMC3663578 DOI: 10.12659/msm.883915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (N/L) ratio has been associated with adverse outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes and increased risk for long-term mortality in patients with acute decompensated heart failure. We aimed to investigate the prognostic value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio on response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy consecutive patients (mean age 58 ± 13 years; 40 men) undergoing CRT were included in the study. Hematological and echocardiographic parameters were measured before and 6 months after CRT. Echocardiographic response to CRT was defined as a ≥ 15% reduction in left ventricular end-systolic volume at 6-month follow-up. RESULTS After 6 months of CRT, 49 (70%) patients were responders. After 6 months, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) had significantly increased, from 21 ± 7% to 34 ± 11% in responder patients (p = 0.001). N/L ratio decreased significantly, from 2.4 ± 1 to 2.1 ± 0.7 in responders (p = 0.04). In multivariate analysis, significant associates of echocardiographic response to CRT was evaluated adjusting for age, etiology of cardiomyopathy, baseline LVEF, New York Heart Association functional class, C-reactive protein, and baseline N/L ratio. Baseline N/L ratio was the only predictor of response to CRT (OR 1.506, 95% CI, 1.011-2.243, p = 0.035). CONCLUSIONS N/L ratio at baseline could help to identify patients with response to CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysen Agacdiken
- Department of Cardiology, Kocaeli University Medical Faculty, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Höke U, Thijssen J, van Bommel RJ, van Erven L, van der Velde ET, Holman ER, Schalij MJ, Bax JJ, Delgado V, Marsan NA. Influence of diabetes on left ventricular systolic and diastolic function and on long-term outcome after cardiac resynchronization therapy. Diabetes Care 2013; 36:985-91. [PMID: 23223348 PMCID: PMC3609501 DOI: 10.2337/dc12-1116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The influence of diabetes on cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) remains unclear. The aims of the current study were to 1) assess the changes in left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function and 2) evaluate long-term prognosis in CRT recipients with diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 710 CRT recipients (171 with diabetes) were included from an ongoing registry. Echocardiographic evaluation, including LV systolic and diastolic function assessment, was performed at baseline and 6-month follow-up. Response to CRT was defined as a reduction of ≥15% in LV end-systolic volume (LVESV) at the 6-month follow-up. During long-term follow-up (median = 38 months), all-cause mortality (primary end point) and cardiac death or heart failure hospitalization (secondary end point) were recorded. RESULTS At the 6-month follow-up, significant LV reverse remodeling was observed both in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. However, the response to CRT occurred more frequently in non-diabetic patients than in diabetic patients (57 vs. 45%, P < 0.05). Furthermore, a significant improvement in LV diastolic function was observed both in diabetic and non-diabetic patients, but was more pronounced in non-diabetic patients. The determinants of the response to CRT among diabetic patients were LV dyssynchrony, ischemic cardiomyopathy, and insulin use. Both primary and secondary end points were more frequent in diabetic patients (P < 0.001). Particularly, diabetes was independently associated with all-cause mortality together with ischemic cardiomyopathy, renal function, LVESV, LV dyssynchrony, and LV diastolic dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Heart failure patients with diabetes exhibit significant improvements in LV systolic and diastolic function after CRT, although they are less pronounced than in non-diabetic patients. Diabetes was independently associated with all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulas Höke
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Jastrzebski M, Wiliński J, Fijorek K, Sondej T, Czarnecka D. Mortality and morbidity in cardiac resynchronization patients: impact of lead position, paced left ventricular QRS morphology and other characteristics on long-term outcome. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 15:258-65. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eus340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ståhlberg M, Lund LH, Zabarovskaja S, Gadler F, Braunschweig F, Linde C. Cardiac resynchronization therapy: a breakthrough in heart failure management. J Intern Med 2012; 272:330-43. [PMID: 22882554 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2012.02580.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure is now considered an epidemic. In patients with heart failure, electrical and mechanical dyssynchrony, evident primarily as prolongation of the QRS-complex on the surface electrocardiogram, is associated with detrimental effects on the cardiovascular system at several levels. In the past 10 years, studies have demonstrated that by stimulating both cardiac ventricles simultaneously, or almost simultaneously [cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT)], the adverse effects of dyssynchrony can be overcome. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of different aspects of CRT including the rationale behind and evidence for efficacy of the therapy. Issues with regard to gender effects and patient follow-up as well as a number of unresolved concerns will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ståhlberg
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abstract
Mechanical dyssynchrony is a common phenomenon in patients with congestive heart failure, which usually identified by noninvasive cardiac imaging tools such as echocardiography. It demonstrates electromechanical delay in some regions of the failing heart which in turn contributes to further impairment of cardiac function. The diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic values of mechanical dyssynchrony have been reported in a number of studies. Therefore, this review describes briefly the methods of measurement, but more importantly, explains the clinical implication of its assessment in heart failure related aspects including cardiac resynchronization therapy, functional mitral regurgitation, diastolic heart failure and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. ; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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JASTRZEBSKI MAREK, FIJOREK KAMIL, CZARNECKA DANUTA. Electrocardiographic Patterns during Left Ventricular Epicardial Pacing. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2012; 35:1361-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8159.2012.03504.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Xu GJ, Gan TY, Tang BP, Ma YT, Zhang Y, Li JX, Zhang YY, Wang J, Tang Q, Wang CM, Li YD, Zhang JH. Predictive factors and clinical effect of optimized cardiac resynchronization therapy. Exp Ther Med 2012; 5:355-361. [PMID: 23251298 PMCID: PMC3524119 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2012.802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) by intracardiac delay optimization using echocardiography. Sixty-five patients were implanted with a CRT device randomly assigned to receive simultaneous biventricular pacing or echo-optimized sequential CRT. Forty-two patients were defined as responders and 23 patients were classified as non-responders. During a 12-month follow-up period, the positive response rate, QRS duration, New York Heart Association class, mitral insufficiency grade, left ventricular end-systolic volume and LV end-diastolic volume were similar in the optimized and non-optimized groups (P>0.05), whereas 6-minute walking distance, quality-of-life score, left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction and aortic velocity time integral were significantly improved in the optimized group (P<0.05). The baseline QRS durations of the responders and non-responders were similar (P>0.05), whereas heart failure aetiology, clinical and echocardiographic measurements showed significant differences (P<0.05). The mean decrease in QRS duration after 12 months of CRT used for separating responders and non-responders was significantly different (P<0.05), and significant differences were observed in the mean decrease of QRS duration between responders and non-responders (P<0.05). Echocardiographic optimization may further improve the effectiveness of CRT. Moreover, severe mitral regurgitation and greater LV volume are likely to indicate a poor response to CRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Jun Xu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, P.R. China
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Kristiansen HM, Vollan G, Hovstad T, Keilegavlen H, Faerestrand S. The impact of left ventricular lead position on left ventricular reverse remodelling and improvement in mechanical dyssynchrony in cardiac resynchronization therapy. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2012; 13:991-1000. [PMID: 22677455 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jes114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the influence of left ventricular (LV) lead position on LV dyssynchrony in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). METHODS AND RESULTS The LV lead was prospectively targeted to the latest activated LV segment (concordant) evaluated by two-dimensional speckle tracking radial strain (ST-RS) echocardiography in 103 CRT recipients (67 ± 12 years). Mechanical dyssynchrony was assessed by anteroseptal-to-posterior (AS-P) delay and interventricular mechanical delay (IVMD). Concordant LV leads were obtained in 72 (70%) patients. Superior LV reverse remodelling (LV-RR; ≥ 15% LV end-systolic volume reduction at 6-month follow-up) was observed in the concordant LV leads compared with the discordant LV leads [51 (76%) vs. 13 (45%); P = 0.003]. Mechanical resynchronization responders (≥ 50% AS-P delay reduction at 6-month follow-up) obtained in the concordant LV leads [44 (66%)] was greater than in the discordant LV leads [10 (34%); P = 0.005]. The discordant LV leads located adjacent to the concordant LV leads (+1 segment; n = 22) and 2 segments apart (+2 segments; n = 9) were evaluated in a subgroup analysis. Mechanical resynchronization responders 6 months after CRT were as follows: in +1 segment [n = 10 (48%)] and in +2 segments (n = 0; P = 0.001). The concordant LV lead was the only independent predictor of LV-RR at 6-month follow-up (odds ratio, 4.177; P = 0.004). Independent predictors of mechanical resynchronization responders were AS-P delay (odds ratio, 1.007; P = 0.032), IVMD (odds ratio, 1.024; P = 0.038), and concordant LV lead (odds ratio, 4.691; P = 0.004). CONCLUSION Concordant LV leads in CRT provided more responders according to both LV reverse remodelling and mechanical resynchronization.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Kristiansen
- Department of Heart Disease, Haukeland University Hospital, Jonas Lies vei 65, 5021 Bergen, Norway.
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Relation of Dosing of the Renin–Angiotensin System Inhibitors After Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy to Long-Term Prognosis. Am J Cardiol 2012; 109:1619-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.01.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Tolosana JM, Arnau AM, Madrid AH, Macias A, Lozano IF, Osca J, Quesada A, Toquero J, Francés RM, Bolao IG, Berruezo A, Sitges M, Alcalá MG, Brugada J, Mont L. Cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation. Is it mandatory to ablate the atrioventricular junction to obtain a good response? Eur J Heart Fail 2012; 14:635-641. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfs024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- José María Tolosana
- Cardiology Department‐Thorax Institute. Hospital Clínic Universitat de Barcelona 08036 Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - Ana Martín Arnau
- Cardiology Department‐Thorax Institute. Hospital Clínic Universitat de Barcelona 08036 Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jorge Toquero
- Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Madrid Spain
| | | | | | - Antonio Berruezo
- Cardiology Department‐Thorax Institute. Hospital Clínic Universitat de Barcelona 08036 Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - Marta Sitges
- Cardiology Department‐Thorax Institute. Hospital Clínic Universitat de Barcelona 08036 Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | | | - Josep Brugada
- Cardiology Department‐Thorax Institute. Hospital Clínic Universitat de Barcelona 08036 Barcelona Catalonia Spain
| | - Lluís Mont
- Cardiology Department‐Thorax Institute. Hospital Clínic Universitat de Barcelona 08036 Barcelona Catalonia Spain
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