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Xing Y, Yang K, Lu A, Mackie K, Guo F. Sensors and Devices Guided by Artificial Intelligence for Personalized Pain Medicine. CYBORG AND BIONIC SYSTEMS 2024; 5:0160. [PMID: 39282019 PMCID: PMC11395709 DOI: 10.34133/cbsystems.0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Personalized pain medicine aims to tailor pain treatment strategies for the specific needs and characteristics of an individual patient, holding the potential for improving treatment outcomes, reducing side effects, and enhancing patient satisfaction. Despite existing pain markers and treatments, challenges remain in understanding, detecting, and treating complex pain conditions. Here, we review recent engineering efforts in developing various sensors and devices for addressing challenges in the personalized treatment of pain. We summarize the basics of pain pathology and introduce various sensors and devices for pain monitoring, assessment, and relief. We also discuss advancements taking advantage of rapidly developing medical artificial intelligence (AI), such as AI-based analgesia devices, wearable sensors, and healthcare systems. We believe that these innovative technologies may lead to more precise and responsive personalized medicine, greatly improved patient quality of life, increased efficiency of medical systems, and reducing the incidence of addiction and substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yantao Xing
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Kaiyuan Yang
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Albert Lu
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
- Culver Academies High School, Culver, IN 46511, USA
| | - Ken Mackie
- Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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Windecker S, Gilard M, Achenbach S, Cribier A, Delgado V, Deych N, Drossart I, Eltchaninoff H, Fraser AG, Goncalves A, Hindricks G, Holborow R, Kappetein AP, Kilmartin J, Kurucova J, Lüscher TF, Mehran R, O'Connor DB, Perkins M, Samset E, von Bardeleben RS, Weidinger F. Device innovation in cardiovascular medicine: a report from the European Society of Cardiology Cardiovascular Round Table. Eur Heart J 2024; 45:1104-1115. [PMID: 38366821 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehae069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Research performed in Europe has driven cardiovascular device innovation. This includes, but is not limited to, percutaneous coronary intervention, cardiac imaging, transcatheter heart valve implantation, and device therapy of cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure. An important part of future medical progress involves the evolution of medical technology and the ongoing development of artificial intelligence and machine learning. There is a need to foster an environment conducive to medical technology development and validation so that Europe can continue to play a major role in device innovation while providing high standards of safety. This paper summarizes viewpoints on the topic of device innovation in cardiovascular medicine at the European Society of Cardiology Cardiovascular Round Table, a strategic forum for high-level dialogue to discuss issues related to the future of cardiovascular health in Europe. Devices are developed and improved through an iterative process throughout their lifecycle. Early feasibility studies demonstrate proof of concept and help to optimize the design of a device. If successful, this should ideally be followed by randomized clinical trials comparing novel devices vs. accepted standards of care when available and the collection of post-market real-world evidence through registries. Unfortunately, standardized procedures for feasibility studies across various device categories have not yet been implemented in Europe. Cardiovascular imaging can be used to diagnose and characterize patients for interventions to improve procedural results and to monitor devices long term after implantation. Randomized clinical trials often use cardiac imaging-based inclusion criteria, while less frequently trials randomize patients to compare the diagnostic or prognostic value of different modalities. Applications using machine learning are increasingly important, but specific regulatory standards and pathways remain in development in both Europe and the USA. Standards are also needed for smart devices and digital technologies that support device-driven biomonitoring. Changes in device regulation introduced by the European Union aim to improve clinical evidence, transparency, and safety, but they may impact the speed of innovation, access, and availability. Device development programmes including dialogue on unmet needs and advice on study designs must be driven by a community of physicians, trialists, patients, regulators, payers, and industry to ensure that patients have access to innovative care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Windecker
- Department of Cardiology, Bern University Hospital, Inselspital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martine Gilard
- Département de Cardiologie, Hospital La Cavale Blanche, La Cavale Blanche Hospital Boulevard Tanguy Prigent, 29200 Brest, France
| | - Stephan Achenbach
- Department of Cardiology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Alain Cribier
- Department of Cardiology, Inserm U1096, Univ Rouen Normandie, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Victoria Delgado
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Nataliya Deych
- Regulatory Affairs, Edwards Lifesciences, Nyon, Switzerland
| | | | - Hélène Eltchaninoff
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Charles Nicolle, Rouen, France
| | - Alan G Fraser
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | - Alexandra Goncalves
- Precision Diagnostics, Philips, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto Medical School, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gerhard Hindricks
- Department of Cardiology, German Heart Center Charite, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Jana Kurucova
- Transcatheter Heart Valve Division, Edwards Lifesciences, Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Brompton and Harefield Hospitals and Imperial College and King's College, London, UK
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roxana Mehran
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Mark Perkins
- GE Healthcare Cardiology Solutions, Harrogate, UK
| | - Eigil Samset
- GE Healthcare Cardiology Solutions, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Franz Weidinger
- 2nd Medical Department with Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Klinik Landstrasse, Vienna, Austria
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In the midst of regulatory turmoil: Is the new European medical device regulation likely to achieve its main goals? Health Policy 2022; 126:1233-1240. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2022.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ren K, Duan W, Liang Z, Yu B, Li B, Jin Z, Zhao Y, Xue C, Yu S, Liu J, Wei X. Glutaraldehyde and 2,3-butanediol treatment of bovine pericardium for aortic valve bioprosthesis in sheep: a preliminary study. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1668. [PMID: 33490180 PMCID: PMC7812161 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Background Bovine pericardium can be used for cardiovascular repair surgeries, but challenges involving biocompatibility and durability remain. This study aimed to carry out pre-clinical testing of aortic valve replacement using an aortic valve prosthesis made of bovine pericardium modified with glutaraldehyde (GA) and 2,3-butanediol (BD). Methods The mechanical, plasma protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, collagenase digestion, and ninhydrin properties of the material (control vs. GA vs. GA + BD) were tested. All 3 tissues were implanted in rats and observed after 8 weeks under microscopy with alizarin red staining for calcification. Aortic valves made from the fully-treated material were implanted in sheep. A commercial bioprosthesis was used as control. Effectiveness and safety indicators were observed at 180 days after implantation. Results Compared with the control group, the GA + BD material showed higher elongation at breaking and tensile load (both P<0.05), lower plasma protein adsorption, lower platelet adhesion, lower collagenase digestion, lower ninhydrin value, and higher cross-linking (all P<0.05). After implantation in rat models, the GA + BD material showed little or no dissolution; there was no obvious calcification; and it was surrounded by a small amount of fibrosis, with peripheral capillary proliferation. After implantation in sheep models, the aortic valve leaflets of the experimental animals freely opened and closed, their surface was smooth, and no abnormal echo was observed. The echocardiographic results and hemodynamic were comparable between the two groups. All safety parameters were normal. Conclusions Modification of bovine pericardium with GA and BD results in a biomaterial with favorable properties for use as an aortic valve prosthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ren
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weixun Duan
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhuowen Liang
- Medicine Institute of Orthopedics, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Buying Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhengxiao Jin
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yimin Zhao
- Jiahe Zhongbang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Chao Xue
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shiqiang Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jincheng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xufeng Wei
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Byrne RA. Medical device regulation in Europe - what is changing and how can I become more involved? EUROINTERVENTION 2020; 15:647-649. [PMID: 31625911 DOI: 10.4244/eijv15i8a118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Camm AJ. Do Data Derived From Registries Help or Confuse the Assessment of Left Atrial Appendage Closure? J Am Coll Cardiol 2019; 74:2890-2892. [PMID: 31806132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A John Camm
- St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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Ren Y, Fagette PH, Hall CL, Broers H, Grainger DW, Van Der Mei HC, Busscher HJ. Clinical translation of the assets of biomedical engineering – a retrospective analysis with looks to the future. Expert Rev Med Devices 2019; 16:913-922. [DOI: 10.1080/17434440.2019.1685869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yijin Ren
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H. Fagette
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Connie L. Hall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, NJ, USA
| | - Herman Broers
- Willem Kolff Foundation (Kampen, NL), Zwolle, The Netherlands
| | - David W. Grainger
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, and of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Henny C. Van Der Mei
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henk J. Busscher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Groningen and University Medical Center Groningen, W. J. Kolff Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Fraser AG, Butchart EG, Szymański P, Caiani EG, Crosby S, Kearney P, Van de Werf F. The need for transparency of clinical evidence for medical devices in Europe. Lancet 2018; 392:521-530. [PMID: 30017550 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31270-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
To use medical devices rationally, health-care professionals must base their choices of which devices to recommend for individual patients on an objective appraisal of their safety and clinical efficacy. The evidence submitted by manufacturers when seeking approval of their high-risk devices must be publicly available, including technical performance and premarket clinical studies. Giving physicians access to this information supplements the peer-reviewed scientific literature and might be essential for comparing alternative devices within any class. Interested patients should be encouraged to review the evidence for any device that has been recommended for them. The new EU law on medical devices states that the manufacturer is to prepare a summary of the evidence for any implantable or high-risk device. Defining its content, however, has been delegated to implementing legislation, which is now being considered. From a clinical perspective, it is imperative that all evidence reviewed by notified bodies and regulatory authorities is disclosed-with the exception, if justified, only of technical specifications that are considered confidential or manufacturing details that are protected as intellectual property-and public access to this evidence must be guaranteed by EU law. From ethical and other perspectives, there are no grounds for less clinical evidence being available to health-care professionals about the medical devices that they use than is already available for new pharmaceutical products. Full transparency is needed; without it, informed decisions relating to the use of new medical devices will remain impossible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan G Fraser
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Eric G Butchart
- Retired Consultant Cardiothoracic Surgeon, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Enrico G Caiani
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and e-Health, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Peter Kearney
- Department of Cardiology, Cork University Hospital, Wilton, Cork, Ireland
| | - Frans Van de Werf
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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9
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Fraser AG. A manifesto for cardiovascular imaging: addressing the human factor. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2018; 18:1311-1321. [PMID: 29029029 PMCID: PMC5837338 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jex216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Our use of modern cardiovascular imaging tools has not kept pace with their technological development. Diagnostic errors are common but seldom investigated systematically. Rather than more impressive pictures, our main goal should be more precise tests of function which we select because their appropriate use has therapeutic implications which in turn have a beneficial impact on morbidity or mortality. We should practise analytical thinking, use checklists to avoid diagnostic pitfalls, and apply strategies that will reduce biases and avoid overdiagnosis. We should develop normative databases, so that we can apply diagnostic algorithms that take account of variations with age and risk factors and that allow us to calculate pre-test probability and report the post-test probability of disease. We should report the imprecision of a test, or its confidence limits, so that reference change values can be considered in daily clinical practice. We should develop decision support tools to improve the quality and interpretation of diagnostic imaging, so that we choose the single best test irrespective of modality. New imaging tools should be evaluated rigorously, so that their diagnostic performance is established before they are widely disseminated; this should be a shared responsibility of manufacturers with clinicians, leading to cost-effective implementation. Trials should evaluate diagnostic strategies against independent reference criteria. We should exploit advances in machine learning to analyse digital data sets and identify those features that best predict prognosis or responses to treatment. Addressing these human factors will reap benefit for patients, while technological advances continue unpredictably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan G Fraser
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.,Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK.,Division of Cardiovascular Imaging and Dynamics, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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10
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Szymanski P, Leggeri I, Kautzner J, Fraser AG. The new European regulatory framework for medical devices: opportunities for engagement by electrophysiologists. Europace 2018; 20:902-905. [PMID: 29244116 DOI: 10.1093/europace/eux344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Szymanski
- Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland.,ESC EU Regulatory Affairs Committee on Medical Devices, The European Heart House, 2035 Route des Colles, Les Templiers, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Ilaria Leggeri
- Advocacy and Representation Division, European Society of Cardiology, The European Heart House, 2035 Route des Colles, Les Templiers, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Josef Kautzner
- ESC EU Regulatory Affairs Committee on Medical Devices, The European Heart House, 2035 Route des Colles, Les Templiers, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France.,Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Charles University Medical School I, Videnska 1958/9, CZ-140 21 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alan G Fraser
- ESC EU Regulatory Affairs Committee on Medical Devices, The European Heart House, 2035 Route des Colles, Les Templiers, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France.,Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.,Wales Heart Research Institute, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, CF14 4XN Cardiff, Wales, UK
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Musumeci L, Jacques N, Hego A, Nchimi A, Lancellotti P, Oury C. Prosthetic Aortic Valves: Challenges and Solutions. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:46. [PMID: 29868612 PMCID: PMC5961329 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aortic Valve Disease (AVD) is the most common Valvular Heart Disease (VHD), affecting millions of people worldwide. Severe AVD is treated in most cases with prosthetic aortic valve replacement, which involves the substitution of the native aortic valve with a prosthetic one. In this review we will discuss the different types of prosthetic aortic valves available for implantation and the challenges faced by patients, medical doctors, researchers and manufacturers, as well as the approaches that are taken to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Musumeci
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Valvular Heart Disease, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège Hospital, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Jacques
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Valvular Heart Disease, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège Hospital, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Hego
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Valvular Heart Disease, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège Hospital, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alain Nchimi
- Department of Cardiology, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège Hospital, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
| | - Patrizio Lancellotti
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Valvular Heart Disease, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège Hospital, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Cardiology, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège Hospital, Heart Valve Clinic, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium.,Gruppo Villa Maria Care and Research, Anthea Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Cécile Oury
- Laboratory of Thrombosis and Hemostasis and Valvular Heart Disease, GIGA Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Liège Hospital, CHU Sart Tilman, Liège, Belgium
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Muskens IS, Gupta S, Hulsbergen A, Moojen WA, Broekman ML. Introduction of Novel Medical Devices in Surgery: Ethical Challenges of Current Oversight and Regulation. J Am Coll Surg 2017; 225:558-565. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2017.07.1068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Murphy GJ, Mumford AD, Rogers CA, Wordsworth S, Stokes EA, Verheyden V, Kumar T, Harris J, Clayton G, Ellis L, Plummer Z, Dott W, Serraino F, Wozniak M, Morris T, Nath M, Sterne JA, Angelini GD, Reeves BC. Diagnostic and therapeutic medical devices for safer blood management in cardiac surgery: systematic reviews, observational studies and randomised controlled trials. PROGRAMME GRANTS FOR APPLIED RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.3310/pgfar05170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundAnaemia, coagulopathic bleeding and transfusion are strongly associated with organ failure, sepsis and death following cardiac surgery.ObjectiveTo evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of medical devices used as diagnostic and therapeutic tools for the management of anaemia and bleeding in cardiac surgery.Methods and resultsWorkstream 1 – in the COagulation and Platelet laboratory Testing in Cardiac surgery (COPTIC) study we demonstrated that risk assessment using baseline clinical factors predicted bleeding with a high degree of accuracy. The results from point-of-care (POC) platelet aggregometry or viscoelastometry tests or an expanded range of laboratory reference tests for coagulopathy did not improve predictive accuracy beyond that achieved with the clinical risk score alone. The routine use of POC tests was not cost-effective. A systematic review concluded that POC-based algorithms are not clinically effective. We developed two new clinical risk prediction scores for transfusion and bleeding that are available as e-calculators. Workstream 2 – in the PAtient-SPecific Oxygen monitoring to Reduce blood Transfusion during heart surgery (PASPORT) trial and a systematic review we demonstrated that personalised near-infrared spectroscopy-based algorithms for the optimisation of tissue oxygenation, or as indicators for red cell transfusion, were neither clinically effective nor cost-effective. Workstream 3 – in the REDWASH trial we failed to demonstrate a reduction in inflammation or organ injury in recipients of mechanically washed red cells compared with standard (unwashed) red cells.LimitationsExisting studies evaluating the predictive accuracy or effectiveness of POC tests of coagulopathy or near-infrared spectroscopy were at high risk of bias. Interventions that alter red cell transfusion exposure, a common surrogate outcome in most trials, were not found to be clinically effective.ConclusionsA systematic assessment of devices in clinical use as blood management adjuncts in cardiac surgery did not demonstrate clinical effectiveness or cost-effectiveness. The contribution of anaemia and coagulopathy to adverse clinical outcomes following cardiac surgery remains poorly understood. Further research to define the pathogenesis of these conditions may lead to more accurate diagnoses, more effective treatments and potentially improved clinical outcomes.Study registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN20778544 (COPTIC study) and PROSPERO CRD42016033831 (systematic review) (workstream 1); Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN23557269 (PASPORT trial) and PROSPERO CRD4201502769 (systematic review) (workstream 2); and Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN27076315 (REDWASH trial) (workstream 3).FundingThis project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Programme Grants for Applied Research programme and will be published in full inProgramme Grants for Applied Research; Vol. 5, No. 17. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin J Murphy
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Andrew D Mumford
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Chris A Rogers
- Clinical Trials and Evaluation Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Sarah Wordsworth
- Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Elizabeth A Stokes
- Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Veerle Verheyden
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Tracy Kumar
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jessica Harris
- Clinical Trials and Evaluation Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gemma Clayton
- Clinical Trials and Evaluation Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lucy Ellis
- Clinical Trials and Evaluation Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Zoe Plummer
- Clinical Trials and Evaluation Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - William Dott
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Filiberto Serraino
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Marcin Wozniak
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Tom Morris
- Leicester Clinical Trials Unit, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Mintu Nath
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Jonathan A Sterne
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Gianni D Angelini
- Bristol Heart Institute, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Barnaby C Reeves
- Clinical Trials and Evaluation Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Zippel C, Bohnet-Joschko S. Post market surveillance in the german medical device sector – current state and future perspectives. Health Policy 2017; 121:880-886. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Stern AD, Kramer DB, Ouellet M, Kesselheim AS. Review times and adverse events for cardiovascular devices. Nat Biomed Eng 2017; 1:0013. [PMID: 31249727 PMCID: PMC6597013 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-016-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Shorter regulatory review times for high-risk cardiovascular devices correlate with the likelihood of reports of adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Dora Stern
- Harvard Business School, Soldiers Field Road, Boston, Massachusetts 02163, USA
- Ariadne Labs at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and the Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Daniel B. Kramer
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Program On Regulation, Therapeutics, And Law (PORTAL), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Richard and Susan Smith Center for Outcomes Research in Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Melissa Ouellet
- Harvard Business School, Soldiers Field Road, Boston, Massachusetts 02163, USA
| | - Aaron S. Kesselheim
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Program On Regulation, Therapeutics, And Law (PORTAL), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Clinical research challenges in the era of cardiovascular medical devices. POLISH JOURNAL OF THORACIC AND CARDIOVASCULAR SURGERY 2016; 13:236-241. [PMID: 27785138 PMCID: PMC5071591 DOI: 10.5114/kitp.2016.62612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
New therapeutic alternatives, such as innovative medical devices, are frequently the only treatment options left for patients when other efficient medical modalities are lacking or insufficient. Development of novel devices, which are safe and effective, requires understanding of complex premarket and postmarket provisions, including characteristics of clinical trials. Speeding up patient access to new technologies may imply the need to make choices in terms of extent and robustness of clinical evaluation without losing the patient safety perspective. In such situations, some challenges can readily arise due to existing methodological solutions and aspects of current legislation in the field. In this context, some challenges, occurring at various stages of the device lifecycle, will be presented in order to observe the changes and hopefully to contribute to better knowledge and improvements in the area.
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Hwang TJ, Sokolov E, Franklin JM, Kesselheim AS. Comparison of rates of safety issues and reporting of trial outcomes for medical devices approved in the European Union and United States: cohort study. BMJ 2016; 353:i3323. [PMID: 27352914 PMCID: PMC4925918 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.i3323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate safety alerts and recalls, publication of key trial outcomes, and subsequent US approval of high profile medical devices introduced in the European Union. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING Novel cardiovascular, orthopedic, and neurologic devices approved in the EU through Conformité Européenne marking between 2005 and 2010. DATA SOURCES Public and commercial databases searched up to January 2016 for press releases and announcements of approvals; public Food and Drug Administration and European regulatory authority databases for US approvals and safety alerts and recalls; and Medline, Embase, and Web of Science for peer reviewed publications. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES We categorized the novelty of the devices in the study sample as a "major innovation" or an "other change," and extracted descriptive data about the devices and information on any safety alerts and withdrawals. Linear regression models examined factors associated with differential EU and US approvals. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate factors associated with safety alerts and recalls and the publication of trial outcomes for devices categorized as major innovations. Models controlled for time, therapeutic category, regulatory pathway, size of sponsoring company, and indicator variables for devices approved first in the EU and devices approved only in the EU. RESULTS 67% (206/309) of devices identified were approved in both the US and the EU, of which 63% (129/206) were approved first in the EU. The unadjusted rate of safety alerts and recalls for devices approved first in the EU was 27% (62/232) compared with 14% (11/77) for devices approved first in the US. The adjusted hazard ratio for safety alerts and recalls was 2.9 (95% confidence interval 1.4 to 6.2) for devices approved first in the EU. The results of pivotal trials were published for 49% (37/75) of devices categorized as major innovations, with an overall publication rate of 37% five years after approval. CONCLUSIONS Devices approved first in the EU are associated with an increased risk of post-marketing safety alerts and recalls. Poor trial publication rates mean that patients and clinicians need greater regulatory transparency to make informed decisions about treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Hwang
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA Program on Regulation, Therapeutics, and Law (PORTAL), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elisaveta Sokolov
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jessica M Franklin
- Program on Regulation, Therapeutics, and Law (PORTAL), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron S Kesselheim
- Program on Regulation, Therapeutics, and Law (PORTAL), Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Lüscher TF. Use, complications, and outcome of novel therapeutic interventions. Eur Heart J 2016; 37:121-3. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Pinto F, Fraser AG, Kautzner J, Kreutzer K, Piat S, Siebert M, Vardas P, Windecker S. Barriers to cardiovascular device innovation in Europe. Eur Heart J 2015; 37:140-4. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Byrne RA, Serruys PW, Baumbach A, Escaned J, Fajadet J, James S, Joner M, Oktay S, Jüni P, Kastrati A, Sianos G, Stefanini GG, Wijns W, Windecker S. Report of a European Society of Cardiology-European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions task force on the evaluation of coronary stents in Europe: executive summary. Eur Heart J 2015; 36:2608-20. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Arjunon S, Ardana PH, Saikrishnan N, Madhani S, Foster B, Glezer A, Yoganathan AP. Design of a pulsatile flow facility to evaluate thrombogenic potential of implantable cardiac devices. J Biomech Eng 2015; 137:045001. [PMID: 25587891 DOI: 10.1115/1.4029579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Due to expensive nature of clinical trials, implantable cardiac devices should first be extensively characterized in vitro. Prosthetic heart valves (PHVs), an important class of these devices, have been shown to be associated with thromboembolic complications. Although various in vitro systems have been designed to quantify blood-cell damage and platelet activation caused by nonphysiological hemodynamic shear stresses in these PHVs, very few systems attempt to characterize both blood damage and fluid dynamics aspects of PHVs in the same test system. Various numerical modeling methodologies are also evolving to simulate the structural mechanics, fluid mechanics, and blood damage aspects of these devices. This article presents a completely hemocompatible small-volume test-platform that can be used for thrombogenicity studies and experimental fluid mechanics characterization. Using a programmable piston pump to drive freshly drawn human blood inside a cylindrical column, the presented system can simulate various physiological and pathophysiological conditions in testing PHVs. The system includes a modular device-mounting chamber, and in this presented case, a 23 mm St. Jude Medical (SJM) Regents® mechanical heart valve (MHV) in aortic position was used as the test device. The system was validated for its capability to quantify blood damage by measuring blood damage induced by the tester itself (using freshly drawn whole human blood). Blood damage levels were ascertained through clinically relevant assays on human blood while fluid dynamics were characterized using time-resolved particle image velocimetry (PIV) using a blood-mimicking fluid. Blood damage induced by the tester itself, assessed through Thrombin-anti-Thrombin (TAT), Prothrombin factor 1.2 (PF1.2), and hemolysis (Drabkins assay), was within clinically accepted levels. The hydrodynamic performance of the tester showed consistent, repeatable physiological pressure and flow conditions. In addition, the system contains proximity sensors to accurately capture leaflet motion during the entire cardiac cycle. The PIV results showed skewing of the leakage jet, caused by the asymmetric closing of the two leaflets. All these results are critical to characterizing the blood damage and fluid dynamics characteristics of the SJM Regents® MHV, proving the utility of this tester as a precise system for assessing the hemodynamics and thrombogenicity for various PHVs.
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Krüger LJ, Evers SM, Hiligsmann M, Wild C. Divergent evidence requirements for authorization and reimbursement of high-risk medical devices – The European situation. HEALTH POLICY AND TECHNOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2014.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Wild C, Erdös J, Zechmeister I. Contrasting clinical evidence for market authorisation of cardio-vascular devices in Europe and the USA: a systematic analysis of 10 devices based on Austrian pre-reimbursement assessments. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2014; 14:154. [PMID: 25366498 PMCID: PMC4232631 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-14-154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND European medical device regulation is under scrutiny and will be re-regulated with stricter rules concerning requirements for clinical evidence for high-risk medical devices. It is the aim of this study to analyse the differences between Europe and USA in dealing with risks and benefits of new cardio-vascular devices. METHODS Since no information is available on clinical data used by the Notified Body for CE-marking, data from Austrian pre-reimbursement assessments close to European market approval were used as proxy and compared with clinical data available at time of market approval by FDA in the USA. RESULTS 10 cardio-vascular interventions with 27 newly CE approved medical devices were analysed. The time lag between market authorisation in Europe and in the USA is 3 to 7 years. Only 7 CE-marked devices also hold a FDA market approval, 7 further devices are in FDA approved ongoing efficacy trials. For 4 of the CE-marked devices the FDA market application or the approval-trial was either suspended due to efficacy or safety concerns or the approval was denied. Evidence available at time of CE-marking are most often case-series or small feasibility RCTs, while large RCTs and only in rare cases prospective cohort studies are the basis of FDA approvals. Additionally, the FDA often requires post-approval studies for high-risk devices. CONCLUSIONS Market authorisation based on mature clinical data deriving from larger RCTs and longer follow-ups do not only change the perspective on the risk-benefit ratio, but also secures real patient benefit and safety and assures payers of investing only in truly innovative devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Wild
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Health Technology Assessment (LBI-HTA), Garnisongasse 7/20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Judit Erdös
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Health Technology Assessment (LBI-HTA), Garnisongasse 7/20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingrid Zechmeister
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Health Technology Assessment (LBI-HTA), Garnisongasse 7/20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Meadows NA, Morrison A, Brindley DA, Schuh A, Barker RW. An evaluation of regulatory and commercial barriers to stratified medicine development and adoption. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2014; 15:6-12. [DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2014.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tarricone R, Torbica A, Ferré F, Drummond M. Generating appropriate clinical data for value assessment of medical devices: what role does regulation play? Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2014; 14:707-18. [DOI: 10.1586/14737167.2014.950233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Zannad F, Stough WG, Piña IL, Mehran R, Abraham WT, Anker SD, De Ferrari GM, Farb A, Geller NL, Kieval RS, Linde C, Redberg RF, Stein K, Vincent A, Woehrle H, Pocock SJ. Current challenges for clinical trials of cardiovascular medical devices. Int J Cardiol 2014; 175:30-7. [PMID: 24861254 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Several features of cardiovascular devices raise considerations for clinical trial conduct. Prospective, randomized, controlled trials remain the highest quality evidence for safety and effectiveness assessments, but, for instance, blinding may be challenging. In order to avoid bias and not confound data interpretation, the use of objective endpoints and blinding patients, study staff, core labs, and clinical endpoint committees to treatment assignment are helpful approaches. Anticipation of potential bias should be considered and planned for prospectively in a cardiovascular device trial. Prospective, single-arm studies (often referred to as registry studies) can provide additional data in some cases. They are subject to selection bias even when carefully designed; thus, they are generally not acceptable as the sole basis for pre-market approval of high risk cardiovascular devices. However, they complement the evidence base and fill the gaps unanswered by randomized trials. Registry studies present device safety and effectiveness in day-to-day clinical practice settings and detect rare adverse events in the post-market period. No single research design will be appropriate for every cardiovascular device or target patient population. The type of trial, appropriate control group, and optimal length of follow-up will depend on the specific device, its potential clinical benefits, the target patient population and the existence (or lack) of effective therapies, and its anticipated risks. Continued efforts on the part of investigators, the device industry, and government regulators are needed to reach the optimal approach for evaluating the safety and performance of innovative devices for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiez Zannad
- INSERM, Centre d'Investigation Clinique 9501 Unité 1116, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, France; Department of Cardiology, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France.
| | - Wendy Gattis Stough
- Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Buies Creek, NC, USA
| | - Ileana L Piña
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Roxana Mehran
- Cardiovascular Research Foundation, New York, NY, USA; Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - William T Abraham
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Applied Cachexia Research, Department of Cardiology, Charité Medical School, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Andrew Farb
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Nancy L Geller
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Cecilia Linde
- Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Holger Woehrle
- ResMed Science Center, ResMed, Martinsried, Germany; Sleep and Ventilation Center Blaubeuren/Lung Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stuart J Pocock
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Rejoinder. Indian Heart J 2014; 66:250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ihj.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Kynaston-Pearson F, Ashmore AM, Malak TT, Rombach I, Taylor A, Beard D, Arden NK, Price A, Prieto-Alhambra D, Judge A, Carr AJ, Glyn-Jones S. Primary hip replacement prostheses and their evidence base: systematic review of literature. BMJ 2013; 347:f6956. [PMID: 24355538 PMCID: PMC3898711 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.f6956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the extent to which prostheses with no readily available evidence to support their use are being implanted in primary total hip arthroplasty. DESIGN Systematic review of the literature. DATA SOURCES The 9th annual report of the National Joint Registry of England and Wales (NJR) was analysed to identify prostheses with an Orthopaedic Data Evaluation Panel rating of "unclassified" or "pre-entry" used in primary total hip arthroplasty in 2011. A systematic review of those prostheses was carried out using PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, OVID, and Google databases. STUDY SELECTION Prostheses used in primary total hip arthroplasty as published in the NJR's 9th annual report were analysed. Only literature that included the name of the prosthesis was included. Literature yielded in the search results was excluded if it reported animal, non-orthopaedic, non-total hip arthroplasty, or non-device related studies. RESULTS The systematic review found that 24% (57/235) of all hip replacement implants available to surgeons in the UK have no evidence for their clinical effectiveness. It also shows that 10,617 (7.8%) of the 136,593 components used in primary hip replacements in 2011 were implanted without readily identifiable evidence of clinical effectiveness. These comprised 157 cemented stems (0.5% of 34,655 implanted), 936 (2.8% of 33,367) uncemented stems, 1732 (7.1% of 24,349) cemented cups, and 7577 (17.1% of 44,222) uncemented cups. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that a considerable proportion of prostheses available to orthopaedic surgeons have no readily available evidence of clinical effectiveness to support their use. Concern exists about the current system of device regulation, and the need for a revised process for introducing new orthopaedic devices is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Kynaston-Pearson
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, The Old Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK
| | - A M Ashmore
- Oxford NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FF, UK
| | - T T Malak
- Oxford NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FF, UK
| | - I Rombach
- Oxford NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FF, UK
| | - A Taylor
- Oxford NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FF, UK
| | - D Beard
- Oxford NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FF, UK
| | - N K Arden
- Oxford NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FF, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - A Price
- Oxford NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FF, UK
| | - D Prieto-Alhambra
- Oxford NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FF, UK
| | - A Judge
- Oxford NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FF, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | - A J Carr
- Oxford NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FF, UK
| | - S Glyn-Jones
- Oxford NIHR Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FF, UK
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Boulton AJM. Registration and regulation of medical devices used in diabetes in Europe: need for radical reform. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2013; 1:270-2. [PMID: 24622409 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(13)70178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J M Boulton
- University of Manchester, Manchester, UK; Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester, UK; European Association for the Study of Diabetes, Dusseldorf 40591, Germany.
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Campillo-Artero C. A full-fledged overhaul is needed for a risk and value-based regulation of medical devices in Europe. Health Policy 2013; 113:38-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2013.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Tschöpe C, Kasner M. Can speckle-tracking imaging improve the reliability of echocardiographic parameters for outcome evaluation in clinical trials? Eur Heart J 2013; 35:605-7. [PMID: 24132189 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Tschöpe
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
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Polisena J, Forster AJ, Cimon K, Rabb D. Post-marketing surveillance in the published medical and grey literature for percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty catheters: a systematic review. Syst Rev 2013; 2:94. [PMID: 24112460 PMCID: PMC3853687 DOI: 10.1186/2046-4053-2-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-marketing surveillance (PMS) may identify rare serious incidents or adverse events due to the long-term use of a medical device, which was not captured in the pre-market process. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is a non-surgical procedure that uses a balloon-tipped catheter to enlarge a narrowed artery. In 2011, 1,942 adverse event reports related to the use of PTCA catheters were submitted to the FDA by the manufacturers, an increase from the 883 reported in 2008. The primary research objective is to conduct a systematic review of the published and grey literature published between 2007 and 2012 for the frequency of incidents, adverse events and malfunctions associated with the use of PTCA catheters in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Grey literature has not been commercially published. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and PubMed for medical literature on PMS for PTCA catheters in patients with CAD published between January 2007 and July 2012. We also searched the grey literature. RESULTS This review included 11 studies. The in-hospital adverse events reported were individual cases of myocardial infarction and hematoma. In studies of patients with coronary perforation, more patients with balloon angioplasty were identified compared with patients who required stenting. CONCLUSIONS Our systematic review illustrates that the volume and quality of PMS studies associated with the use of PTCA catheters in patients with CAD are low in the published and grey literature, and may not be useful sources of information for decisions on safety. In most studies, the objectives were not to monitor the long-term safety of the use of PTCA catheters in clinical practice. Future studies can explore the strengths and limitations of PMS databases administered by regulatory authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Polisena
- Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, 600-865 Carling Ave, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5S8, Canada.
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Fraser AG, Burch M. Establishing evidence for high-risk medical devices in orphan diseases. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2013; 44:840-2. [PMID: 23644713 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezt237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alan G Fraser
- Wales Heart Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Abstract
From its origins as six western European countries coming together to reduce trade barriers, the European Union (EU) has expanded, both geographically and in the scope of its actions, to become an important supranational body whose policies affect almost all aspects of the lives of its citizens. This influence extends to health and health services. The EU's formal responsibilities in health and health services are limited in scope, but, it has substantial indirect influence on them. In this paper, we describe the institutions of the EU, its legislative process, and the nature of European law as it affects free movement of the goods, people, and services that affect health or are necessary to deliver health care. We show how the influence of the EU goes far beyond the activities that are most visible to health professionals, such as research funding and public health programmes, and involves an extensive body of legislation that affects almost every aspect of health and health care.
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Stordeur S, Vinck I, Neyt M, Van Brabandt H, Hulstaert F. [Introduction of innovative high-risk medical devices in Europe: are clinical efficacy and safety guaranteed?]. Rev Epidemiol Sante Publique 2013; 61:105-10. [PMID: 23477881 DOI: 10.1016/j.respe.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Revised: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innovative high-risk medical devices, such as new types of heart valves or hip prostheses, become available on the European market more rapidly than in USA. This is due to the European legislation allowing early marketing of innovative high-risk medical devices before high-quality clinical evidence is obtained from randomized controlled trials. METHODS We studied the premarket clinical evaluation of innovative high-risk medical devices in Europe compared with the USA. We also discussed patient safety and the transparency of information. The literature and regulatory documents were checked. Representatives from industry, competent authorities, notified bodies, ethics committees, and health technology assessment agencies were consulted. RESULTS In contrast to the US, there is no requirement in Europe to demonstrate the clinical efficacy of high-risk devices in the premarket phase. For the patient, this implies earlier access to innovative technology, but at the risk of potential safety issues. At this moment, European requirements for clinical studies are lower for medical devices than for drugs, and data from premarket clinical trials are scarce or remain unpublished. The European Medical Device Directives are currently being reworked. CONCLUSIONS For innovative high-risk devices, and while awaiting a reworked Medical Device Directive, patient risk should be minimized by limiting the market introduction of novel high-risk devices with minimal clinical data to physicians with the necessary training and expertise. The new European legislation should require the premarket demonstration of clinical efficacy and safety, using a randomized controlled trial if possible, and a transparent clinical review, preferably centralized.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Stordeur
- Centre fédéral d'expertise des soins de santé/Belgian health care knowledge centre, boulevard du Botanique 55, 1000 Brussels, Belgium.
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Kirisits A, Redekop WK. The economic evaluation of medical devices: challenges ahead. APPLIED HEALTH ECONOMICS AND HEALTH POLICY 2013; 11:15-26. [PMID: 23329383 DOI: 10.1007/s40258-012-0006-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The economic evaluation of medical technology has evolved as a key element in supporting health budget allocation decisions. Among suppliers of innovation, the medical device industry is one of the most dynamic fields of medical progress with thousands of new products marketed every year. Accordingly, the broad variety of technologies covered by the umbrella term 'medical devices' have come under increasing scrutiny regarding their cost effectiveness. In the process, a number of device-specific factors have become apparent, each of which can complicate a thorough economic evaluation and limit its informative value. Some of these factors relate to specific characteristics of device functioning. Examples of such factors include the fact that most technologies require, or form part of, a procedure and that many devices have multiple indications or purposes. Others in turn reflect external conditions and are more general in character, such as the regulatory framework that a medical device manufacturer faces prior to market approval and the structure of the medical device industry. Drawing on the available literature, these complicating factors and their practical implications are discussed and used as a basis to elaborate on the emerging challenges for the economic evaluation of medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Kirisits
- Erasmus University Rotterdam, Institute of Health Policy and Management, The Netherlands
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Acker MA, Pagani FD, Stough WG, Mann DL, Jessup M, Kormos R, Slaughter MS, Baldwin T, Stevenson L, Aaronson KD, Miller L, Naftel D, Yancy C, Rogers J, Teuteberg J, Starling RC, Griffith B, Boyce S, Westaby S, Blume E, Wearden P, Higgins R, Mack M. Statement Regarding the Pre and Post Market Assessment of Durable, Implantable Ventricular Assist Devices in the United States. Circ Heart Fail 2013; 6:e1-e11. [DOI: 10.1161/hhf.0b013e318279f6b5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Acker
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MAA); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (FDP); Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Buies Creek, North Carolina (WGS); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (DLM); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MJ); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery,
| | - Francis D. Pagani
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MAA); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (FDP); Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Buies Creek, North Carolina (WGS); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (DLM); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MJ); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery,
| | - Wendy Gattis Stough
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MAA); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (FDP); Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Buies Creek, North Carolina (WGS); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (DLM); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MJ); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery,
| | - Douglas L. Mann
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MAA); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (FDP); Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Buies Creek, North Carolina (WGS); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (DLM); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MJ); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery,
| | - Mariell Jessup
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MAA); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (FDP); Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Buies Creek, North Carolina (WGS); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (DLM); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MJ); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery,
| | - Robert Kormos
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MAA); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (FDP); Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Buies Creek, North Carolina (WGS); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (DLM); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MJ); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery,
| | - Mark S. Slaughter
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MAA); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (FDP); Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Buies Creek, North Carolina (WGS); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (DLM); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MJ); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery,
| | - Timothy Baldwin
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MAA); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (FDP); Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Buies Creek, North Carolina (WGS); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (DLM); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MJ); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery,
| | - Lynne Stevenson
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MAA); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (FDP); Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Buies Creek, North Carolina (WGS); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (DLM); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MJ); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery,
| | - Keith D. Aaronson
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MAA); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (FDP); Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Buies Creek, North Carolina (WGS); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (DLM); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MJ); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery,
| | - Leslie Miller
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MAA); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (FDP); Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Buies Creek, North Carolina (WGS); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (DLM); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MJ); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery,
| | - David Naftel
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MAA); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (FDP); Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Buies Creek, North Carolina (WGS); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (DLM); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MJ); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery,
| | - Clyde Yancy
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MAA); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (FDP); Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Buies Creek, North Carolina (WGS); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (DLM); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MJ); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery,
| | - Joseph Rogers
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MAA); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (FDP); Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Buies Creek, North Carolina (WGS); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (DLM); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MJ); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery,
| | - Jeffrey Teuteberg
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MAA); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (FDP); Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Buies Creek, North Carolina (WGS); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (DLM); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MJ); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery,
| | - Randall C. Starling
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MAA); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (FDP); Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Buies Creek, North Carolina (WGS); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (DLM); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MJ); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery,
| | - Bartley Griffith
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MAA); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (FDP); Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Buies Creek, North Carolina (WGS); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (DLM); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MJ); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery,
| | - Steven Boyce
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MAA); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (FDP); Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Buies Creek, North Carolina (WGS); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (DLM); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MJ); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery,
| | - Stephen Westaby
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MAA); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (FDP); Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Buies Creek, North Carolina (WGS); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (DLM); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MJ); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery,
| | - Elizabeth Blume
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MAA); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (FDP); Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Buies Creek, North Carolina (WGS); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (DLM); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MJ); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery,
| | - Peter Wearden
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MAA); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (FDP); Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Buies Creek, North Carolina (WGS); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (DLM); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MJ); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery,
| | - Robert Higgins
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MAA); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (FDP); Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Buies Creek, North Carolina (WGS); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (DLM); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MJ); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery,
| | - Michael Mack
- From the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MAA); Department of Cardiac Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (FDP); Campbell University College of Pharmacy and Health Science, Buies Creek, North Carolina (WGS); Cardiovascular Division, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri (DLM); Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (MJ); Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery,
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Acker MA, Pagani FD, Stough WG, Mann DL, Jessup M, Kormos R, Slaughter MS, Baldwin T, Stevenson L, Aaronson KD, Miller L, Naftel D, Yancy C, Rogers J, Teuteberg J, Starling RC, Griffith B, Boyce S, Westaby S, Blume E, Wearden P, Higgins R, Mack M. Statement Regarding the Pre and Post Market Assessment of Durable, Implantable Ventricular Assist Devices in the United States: Executive Summary. Ann Thorac Surg 2012; 94:e163-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.09.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Acker MA, Pagani FD, Stough WG, Mann DL, Jessup M, Kormos R, Slaughter MS, Baldwin T, Stevenson L, Aaronson KD, Miller L, Naftel D, Yancy C, Rogers J, Teuteberg J, Starling RC, Griffith B, Boyce S, Westaby S, Blume E, Wearden P, Higgins R, Mack M. Statement Regarding the Pre and Post Market Assessment of Durable, Implantable Ventricular Assist Devices in the United States. Ann Thorac Surg 2012; 94:2147-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2012.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Statement regarding the pre and post market assessment of durable, implantable ventricular assist devices in the United States. J Heart Lung Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Acker MA, Pagani FD, Stough WG, Mann DL, Jessup M, Kormos R, Slaughter MS, Baldwin T, Stevenson L, Aaronson KD, Miller L, Naftel D, Yancy C, Rogers J, Teuteberg J, Starling RC, Griffith B, Boyce S, Westaby S, Blume E, Wearden P, Higgins R, Mack M. Statement regarding the pre and post market assessment of durable, implantable ventricular assist devices in the United States: executive summary. Circ Heart Fail 2012; 6:145-50. [PMID: 23149496 DOI: 10.1161/hhf.0b013e318279f55d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The incorporation of complex medical device technologies into clinical practice is governed by critical oversight of the US Food and Drug Administration. This regulatory process requires a judicious balance between assuring safety and efficacy, while providing efficient review to facilitate access to innovative therapies. Recent contrasting views of the regulatory process have emphasized the difficulties in obtaining an optimal balance. Mechanical circulatory support has evolved to become an important therapy for patients with advanced heart failure with the advent of more durable, implantable ventricular assist devices. The regulatory oversight of these new technologies has been difficult owing to the complexities of these devices, associated adverse event profile, and severity of illness of the intended patient population. Maintaining a regulatory environment to foster efficient introduction of safe and effective technologies is critical to the success of ventricular assist device therapy and the health of patients with advanced heart failure. Physicians representing key surgical and cardiology societies, and representatives from the Food and Drug Administration, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, Interagency Registry of Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support, and industry partners gathered to discuss relevant issues regarding the current regulatory environment assessing ventricular assist devices. The goal of the meeting was to explore innovative ways to foster the introduction of technologically advanced, safe, and effective ventricular assist devices. The following summary reflects opinions and conclusions endorsed by The Society of Thoracic Surgeons, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, American Heart Association, Heart Failure Society of America, International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation, and the Interagency Registry of Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Acker
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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PRE-MARKET CLINICAL EVALUATIONS OF INNOVATIVE HIGH-RISK MEDICAL DEVICES IN EUROPE. Int J Technol Assess Health Care 2012; 28:278-84. [DOI: 10.1017/s0266462312000335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: High-quality clinical evidence is most often lacking when novel high-risk devices enter the European market. At the same time, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) is often initiated as a requirement for obtaining market access in the US. Should coverage in Europe be postponed until RCT data are available? We studied the premarket clinical evaluation of innovative high-risk medical devices in Europe compared with the US, and with medicines, where appropriate.Methods: The literature and regulatory documents were checked. Representatives from industry, Competent Authorities, Notified Bodies, Ethics Committees, and HTA agencies were consulted. We also discuss patient safety and the transparency of information.Results: In contrast to the US, there is no requirement in Europe to demonstrate the clinical efficacy of high-risk devices in the premarket phase. Patients in Europe can thus have earlier access to a potentially lifesaving device, but at the risk of insufficiently documented efficacy and safety. Variations in the stringency of clinical reviews, both at the level of Notified Bodies and Competent Authorities, do not guarantee patient safety. We tried to document the design of premarket trials in Europe and number of patients exposed, but failed as this information is not made public. Furthermore, the Helsinki Declaration is not followed with respect to the registration and publication of premarket trials.Conclusions: For innovative high-risk devices, new EU legislation should require the premarket demonstration of clinical efficacy and safety, using an RCT if possible, and a transparent clinical review, preferably centralized.
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Stamenkovic S, Solesse A, Zanetti L, Zagury P, Vray M, Auquier P, Baumelou E, de Bels F, Bene MC, Bernard A, Boissel JP, Carrere MO, Czernichow P, Dervaux B, Eschwege E, Fabbro-Peray P, Falissard B, Fourrier A, Guillemot D, Lacoin F, Lapeyre-Mestre M, Maison P, Massol J, Oger E, Roudot-Thoraval F, Trouiller P, Vray M, Zureik M. Guide de la Haute autorité de santé (HAS) : les études post-inscription sur les technologies de santé (médicaments, dispositifs médicaux et actes) : principes et méthodes. Therapie 2012; 67:409-21. [DOI: 10.2515/therapie/2012065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Cuper N, de Graaff J, Hartman B, Verdaasdonk R, Kalkman C. Difficult arterial cannulation in children: is a near-infrared vascular imaging system the answer? †. Br J Anaesth 2012; 109:420-6. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aes193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Boulton AJM, Del Prato S. Regulation of medical devices used in diabetology in Europe: time for reform? Diabetologia 2012; 55:2295-7. [PMID: 22588587 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-012-2580-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Medical Device Innovation: Prospective Solutions for an Ecosystem in Crisis. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2012; 5:790-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2012.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Revised: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Margulescu AD. Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2012; 366:1060; author reply 1060-1. [PMID: 22417264 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc1200491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Kramer
- Harvard Medical School, and Cardiovascular Division, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
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