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Zeng A, Tang Q, O'Hagan E, McCaffery K, Ijaz K, Quiroz JC, Kocaballi AB, Rezazadegan D, Trivedi R, Siette J, Shaw T, Makeham M, Thiagalingam A, Chow CK, Laranjo L. Use of digital patient decision-support tools for atrial fibrillation treatments: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Evid Based Med 2024:bmjebm-2023-112820. [PMID: 38950915 DOI: 10.1136/bmjebm-2023-112820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of digital patient decision-support tools for atrial fibrillation (AF) treatment decisions in adults with AF. STUDY DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Eligible randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluated digital patient decision-support tools for AF treatment decisions in adults with AF. INFORMATION SOURCES We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Scopus from 2005 to 2023.Risk-of-bias (RoB) assessment: We assessed RoB using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2 for RCTs and cluster RCT and the ROBINS-I tool for quasi-experimental studies. SYNTHESIS OF RESULTS We used random effects meta-analysis to synthesise decisional conflict and patient knowledge outcomes reported in RCTs. We performed narrative synthesis for all outcomes. The main outcomes of interest were decisional conflict and patient knowledge. RESULTS 13 articles, reporting on 11 studies (4 RCTs, 1 cluster RCT and 6 quasi-experimental) met the inclusion criteria. There were 2714 participants across all studies (2372 in RCTs), of which 26% were women and the mean age was 71 years. Socioeconomically disadvantaged groups were poorly represented in the included studies. Seven studies (n=2508) focused on non-valvular AF and the mean CHAD2DS2-VASc across studies was 3.2 and for HAS-BLED 1.9. All tools focused on decisions regarding thromboembolic stroke prevention and most enabled calculation of individualised stroke risk. Tools were heterogeneous in features and functions; four tools were patient decision aids. The readability of content was reported in one study. Meta-analyses showed a reduction in decisional conflict (4 RCTs (n=2167); standardised mean difference -0.19; 95% CI -0.30 to -0.08; p=0.001; I2=26.5%; moderate certainty evidence) corresponding to a decrease in 12.4 units on a scale of 0 to 100 (95% CI -19.5 to -5.2) and improvement in patient knowledge (2 RCTs (n=1057); risk difference 0.72, 95% CI 0.68, 0.76, p<0.001; I2=0%; low certainty evidence) favouring digital patient decision-support tools compared with usual care. Four of the 11 tools were publicly available and 3 had been implemented in healthcare delivery. CONCLUSIONS In the context of stroke prevention in AF, digital patient decision-support tools likely reduce decisional conflict and may result in little to no change in patient knowledge, compared with usual care. Future studies should leverage digital capabilities for increased personalisation and interactivity of the tools, with better consideration of health literacy and equity aspects. Additional robust trials and implementation studies are warranted. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020218025.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Zeng
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Queenie Tang
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Edel O'Hagan
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kirsten McCaffery
- Sydney Health Literacy Lab, School of Public Health, The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kiran Ijaz
- Affective Interactions lab, School of Architecture, Design and Planning, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Juan C Quiroz
- Centre for Big Data Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ahmet Baki Kocaballi
- School of Computer Science, Faculty of Engineering & Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dana Rezazadegan
- Department of Computing Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ritu Trivedi
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joyce Siette
- The MARCS Institute for Brain, Behaviour and Development, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy Shaw
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Meredith Makeham
- The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aravinda Thiagalingam
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Clara K Chow
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Liliana Laranjo
- Westmead Applied Research Centre, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Reading Turchioe M, Mangal S. Health literacy, numeracy, graph literacy, and digital literacy: an overview of definitions, evaluation methods, and best practices. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2024; 23:423-428. [PMID: 37590968 PMCID: PMC11129894 DOI: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvad085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Health literacy is an important skill for people receiving care. Those with limited literacy face disparities in their care and health outcomes when strategies for addressing literacy are not used when delivering health information. In this article, we introduce the importance of considering health literacy, defining it and related concepts including numeracy, graph literacy, and digital literacy, and discuss open questions about measuring health literacy in clinical care. Finally, we present best practices, including assuming 'universal precautions', carefully considering wording, leveraging visualizations, recognizing cultural differences in interpretation, providing guidance on pilot testing, and considering digital literacy when developing electronic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sabrina Mangal
- University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA, USA
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Park M, Doan TTT, Jung J, Giap TTT, Kim J. Decision aids for promoting shared decision-making: A review of systematic reviews. Nurs Health Sci 2024; 26:e13071. [PMID: 38356102 DOI: 10.1111/nhs.13071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
In the context of shared decision-making (SDM), experts have advocated the use of validated decision aids (DAs) as valuable tools for facilitating SDM in various healthcare scenarios. This comprehensive review attempts to analyze a vast corpus of DA research by performing thorough searches across four prominent databases (PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science). Independent reviewers selected relevant reviews, extracted data, and assessed review quality using the AMSTAR II tool. A total of 34 systematic reviews were identified and evaluated in this review, encompassing a wide range of outcomes associated with using DAs. These outcomes include patient knowledge, patient involvement in SDM, decision conflict, decision regret, satisfaction, and adherence. In addition, DAs positively affect healthcare provider outcomes by increasing satisfaction, reducing decision conflicts, and lengthening clinical consultations. This review highlights the need for additional research in specific contexts such as long-term care, mental health, and reproductive health to better understand the benefits and challenges of implementing DAs in these settings. Such research can contribute to the improvement of SDM practices and patient-centered care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myonghwa Park
- Education and Research Center for Evidence-Based Nursing Knowledge, College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Thao Thi-Thu Doan
- Education and Research Center for Evidence-Based Nursing Knowledge, College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Faculty of Nursing, Hai Phong University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hai Phong, Vietnam
| | - Jihye Jung
- Education and Research Center for Evidence-Based Nursing Knowledge, College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi-Thanh-Tinh Giap
- Education and Research Center for Evidence-Based Nursing Knowledge, College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- College of Health Sciences, Vin University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jinju Kim
- Education and Research Center for Evidence-Based Nursing Knowledge, College of Nursing, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Joglar JA, Chung MK, Armbruster AL, Benjamin EJ, Chyou JY, Cronin EM, Deswal A, Eckhardt LL, Goldberger ZD, Gopinathannair R, Gorenek B, Hess PL, Hlatky M, Hogan G, Ibeh C, Indik JH, Kido K, Kusumoto F, Link MS, Linta KT, Marcus GM, McCarthy PM, Patel N, Patton KK, Perez MV, Piccini JP, Russo AM, Sanders P, Streur MM, Thomas KL, Times S, Tisdale JE, Valente AM, Van Wagoner DR. 2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation 2024; 149:e1-e156. [PMID: 38033089 PMCID: PMC11095842 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 192.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
AIM The "2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation" provides recommendations to guide clinicians in the treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted from May 12, 2022, to November 3, 2022, encompassing studies, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and other selected databases relevant to this guideline. Additional relevant studies, published through November 2022, during the guideline writing process, were also considered by the writing committee and added to the evidence tables, where appropriate. STRUCTURE Atrial fibrillation is the most sustained common arrhythmia, and its incidence and prevalence are increasing in the United States and globally. Recommendations from the "2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation" and the "2019 AHA/ACC/HRS Focused Update of the 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation" have been updated with new evidence to guide clinicians. In addition, new recommendations addressing atrial fibrillation and thromboembolic risk assessment, anticoagulation, left atrial appendage occlusion, atrial fibrillation catheter or surgical ablation, and risk factor modification and atrial fibrillation prevention have been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anita Deswal
- ACC/AHA Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines liaison
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul L Hess
- ACC/AHA Joint Committee on Performance Measures liaison
| | | | | | | | | | - Kazuhiko Kido
- American College of Clinical Pharmacy representative
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Joglar JA, Chung MK, Armbruster AL, Benjamin EJ, Chyou JY, Cronin EM, Deswal A, Eckhardt LL, Goldberger ZD, Gopinathannair R, Gorenek B, Hess PL, Hlatky M, Hogan G, Ibeh C, Indik JH, Kido K, Kusumoto F, Link MS, Linta KT, Marcus GM, McCarthy PM, Patel N, Patton KK, Perez MV, Piccini JP, Russo AM, Sanders P, Streur MM, Thomas KL, Times S, Tisdale JE, Valente AM, Van Wagoner DR. 2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024; 83:109-279. [PMID: 38043043 PMCID: PMC11104284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM The "2023 ACC/AHA/ACCP/HRS Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation" provides recommendations to guide clinicians in the treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was conducted from May 12, 2022, to November 3, 2022, encompassing studies, reviews, and other evidence conducted on human subjects that were published in English from PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, and other selected databases relevant to this guideline. Additional relevant studies, published through November 2022, during the guideline writing process, were also considered by the writing committee and added to the evidence tables, where appropriate. STRUCTURE Atrial fibrillation is the most sustained common arrhythmia, and its incidence and prevalence are increasing in the United States and globally. Recommendations from the "2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation" and the "2019 AHA/ACC/HRS Focused Update of the 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation" have been updated with new evidence to guide clinicians. In addition, new recommendations addressing atrial fibrillation and thromboembolic risk assessment, anticoagulation, left atrial appendage occlusion, atrial fibrillation catheter or surgical ablation, and risk factor modification and atrial fibrillation prevention have been developed.
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Gebreyohannes EA, Salter SM, Chalmers L, Radford J, Lee K, D’Lima D. Patients' Perspectives on Commencing Oral Anticoagulants in Atrial Fibrillation: An Exploratory Qualitative Descriptive Study. PHARMACY 2023; 11:153. [PMID: 37888498 PMCID: PMC10609834 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy11050153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral anticoagulants (OACs) are prescribed to patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) in order to lower stroke risk. However, patient refusal to commence OACs hinders effective anticoagulation. This study aimed to explore barriers and facilitators to patient agreement to commence OACs from the perspectives of patients with AF attending Australian general practices. METHODS A qualitative descriptive study utilising semi-structured individual interviews was conducted from March to July 2022. RESULTS Ten patients (60% male, median age = 78.5 years) completed interviews. Patients' passive roles in decision-making were identified as a facilitator. Other prominent facilitators included doctors explaining adequately and aligning their recommendations with patients' overall health goals, including the prevention of stroke and associated disabilities, and a clear understanding of the pros and cons of taking OACs. Reportedly insufficient explanation from doctors and the inconvenience associated with taking warfarin were identified as potential barriers. CONCLUSION Addressing factors that influence patient agreement to commence OACs should be an essential aspect of quality improvement interventions. Subsequent studies should also delve into the perspectives of eligible patients with AF who choose not to commence OACs as well as the perspectives of both patients and doctors regarding the decision to continue OAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eyob Alemayehu Gebreyohannes
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, WA, Australia (K.L.)
| | - Sandra M. Salter
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, WA, Australia (K.L.)
| | - Leanne Chalmers
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, WA, Australia
| | - Jan Radford
- Launceston Clinical School, Tasmanian School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Launceston 7250, TS, Australia;
| | - Kenneth Lee
- Division of Pharmacy, School of Allied Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley 6009, WA, Australia (K.L.)
| | - Danielle D’Lima
- Centre for Behaviour Change, Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London 181445, UK
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Rodriguez HP, Rubio K, Miller-Rosales C, Wood AJ. US practice adoption of patient-engagement strategies and spending for adults with diabetes and cardiovascular disease. HEALTH AFFAIRS SCHOLAR 2023; 1:qxad021. [PMID: 38770409 PMCID: PMC11103728 DOI: 10.1093/haschl/qxad021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Patient-engagement strategies are being encouraged by payers and governments, but with limited evidence about whether practice adoption of these strategies impacts utilization and spending. We examine the association of physician practice adoption of patient-engagement strategies (low vs moderate vs high) with potentially preventable utilization and total spending for patients with type 2 diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease using US physician practice survey (n = 2086) and Medicare fee-for-service (n = 736 269) data. In adjusted analyses, there were no differences in potentially preventable utilization associated with practice adoption of patient-engagement strategies. Compared with patients attributed to practices with moderate adoption, patients attributed to practices with high adoption had higher total spending ($26 364 vs $25 991; P < .05) driven by spending for long-term services and supports, including home health agency, long-term care, skilled nursing facilities, and hospice payments. In contrast, patients attributed to practices with low adoption had higher total spending ($26 481 vs $25 991; P < .01) driven by spending for tests and acute care and clinical access spending. The results highlight that stakeholders that encourage the use of patient-engagement strategies should not necessarily expect reduced spending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hector P Rodriguez
- Division of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 2121 Berkeley Way West #5427, Berkeley, CA 94704, United States
| | - Karl Rubio
- Division of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 2121 Berkeley Way West #5427, Berkeley, CA 94704, United States
| | - Chris Miller-Rosales
- Division of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 2121 Berkeley Way West #5427, Berkeley, CA 94704, United States
- Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School, 180 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Andrew J Wood
- Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Dartmouth College, 1 Medical Center Dr, Lebanon, NH 03756, United States
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Nunes JC, Baykaner T, Pundi K, DeSutter K, True Hills M, Mahaffey KW, Sears SF, Morin DP, Lin B, Wang PJ, Stafford RS. Design and development of a digital shared decision-making tool for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation. JAMIA Open 2023; 6:ooad003. [PMID: 36751465 PMCID: PMC9893868 DOI: 10.1093/jamiaopen/ooad003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Shared decision-making (SDM) is an approach in which patients and clinicians act as partners in making medical decisions. Patients receive the information needed to decide and are encouraged to balance risks, benefits, and preferences. Informative materials are vital to SDM. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and responsible for 10% of ischemic strokes, however 1/3 of patients are not on appropriate anticoagulation. Decision sharing may facilitate treatment acceptance, improving outcomes. Aims To develop a framework of the components needed to create novel SDM tools and to provide practical examples through a case-study of stroke prevention in AF. Methods We analyze the design values of a web-based SDM tool created to better inform AF patients about anticoagulation. The tool was developed in partnership with patient advocates, multi-disciplinary investigators, and private design firms. It was refined through iterative, recursive testing in patients with AF. Its effectiveness is being evaluated in a multisite clinical trial led by Stanford University and sponsored by the American Heart Association. Findings The main components considered when creating the Stanford AFib tool included: design and software; content identification; information delivery; inclusive communication, user engagement; patient feedback; clinician experience; and anticipation of implementation and dissemination. We also highlight the ethical principles underlying SDM; matters of diversity and inclusion, linguistic variety, accessibility, and health literacy. The Stanford AFib Guide patient tool is available at: https://afibguide.com and the clinician tool at https://afibguide.com/clinician. Conclusion Attention to a range of vital development and design factors can facilitate tool adoption and information acquisition by diverse cultural, educational, and socioeconomic subpopulations. With thoughtful design, digital tools may decrease decision regret and improve treatment outcomes across many decision-making situations in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Nunes
- Corresponding Author: Julio C. Nunes, MD, Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Stanford University, 3180 Porter Dr, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA; ,
| | - Tina Baykaner
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Krishna Pundi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Katie DeSutter
- Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | | | - Kenneth W Mahaffey
- Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Samuel F Sears
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel P Morin
- Cardiovascular Research, Ochsner Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Bryant Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Paul J Wang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Randall S Stafford
- Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
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9
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Oral anticoagulants: a systematic overview of reviews on efficacy and safety, genotyping, self-monitoring, and stakeholder experiences. Syst Rev 2022; 11:232. [PMID: 36303235 PMCID: PMC9615370 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-022-02098-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This systematic overview was commissioned by England's Department of Health and Social Care (DHSC) to assess the evidence on direct (previously 'novel') oral anticoagulants (OACs), compared with usual care, in adults, to prevent stroke related to atrial fibrillation (AF), and to prevent and treat venous thromboembolism (VTE). Specifically, to assess efficacy and safety, genotyping, self-monitoring, and patient and clinician experiences of OACs. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Embase, ASSIA, and CINAHL, in October, 2017, updated in November 2021. We included systematic reviews, published from 2014, in English, assessing OACs, in adults. We rated review quality using AMSTAR2 or the JBI checklist. Two reviewers extracted and synthesised the main findings from the included reviews. RESULTS We included 49 systematic reviews; one evaluated efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness, 17 assessed genotyping, 23 self-monitoring or adherence, and 15 experiences (seven assessed two topics). Generally, the direct OACs, particularly apixaban (5 mg twice daily), were more effective and safer than warfarin in preventing AF-related stroke. For VTE, there was little evidence of differences in efficacy between direct OACs and low-molecular-weight heparin (prevention), warfarin (treatment), and warfarin or aspirin (secondary prevention). The evidence suggested that some direct OACs may reduce the risk of bleeding, compared with warfarin. One review of genotype-guided warfarin dosing assessed AF patients; no significant differences in stroke prevention were reported. Education about OACs, in patients with AF, could improve adherence. Pharmacist management of coagulation may be better than primary care management. Patients were more adherent to direct OACs than warfarin. Drug efficacy was highly valued by patients and most clinicians, followed by safety. No other factors consistently affected patients' choice of anticoagulant and adherence to treatment. Patients were more satisfied with direct OACs than warfarin. CONCLUSIONS For stroke prevention in AF, direct OACs seem to be more effective and safer than usual care, and apixaban (5 mg twice daily) had the best profile. For VTE, there was no strong evidence that direct OACs were better than usual care. Education and pharmacist management could improve coagulation control. Both clinicians and patients rated efficacy and safety as the most important factors in managing AF and VTE. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42017084263-one deviation; efficacy and safety were from one review.
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Jennings C, Moons P, Hendriks J. Patients, family members, and health professionals making decisions together about starting blood thinning treatment to prevent stroke in patients with an irregular heart rhythm. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2022; 21:544-547. [PMID: 35942564 DOI: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvac058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catriona Jennings
- National Institute for Prevention and Cardiovascular Health, National University of Ireland, H91 FF68 Galway, Ireland
| | - Philip Moons
- KU Leuven Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.,Institute of Health and Care Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 41650 Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Cape Town, 7700 Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jeroen Hendriks
- Caring Futures Institute, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, SA 5000 Adelaide, Australia.,Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, SA 5001 Flinders, Australia
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