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Komatsu T, Okada A, Shoda M, Tanaka K, Kobayashi H, Oguchi Y, Saigusa T, Ebisawa S, Motoki H, Kuwahara K. Outcome of transvenous lead extraction in nonagenarians: A single-center retrospective study. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2024; 47:1293-1299. [PMID: 39161131 DOI: 10.1111/pace.15062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) for cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED)-related infections has increased. The incidence of TLE in nonagenarians is low, with limited reports outlining the outcomes of this procedure. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to clarify the outcomes of TLE in nonagenarians. METHODS Patients with TLE treated at our hospital between 2014 and 2023 were retrospectively examined; patient characteristics, device type, indications, procedures, complications, and clinical data of nonagenarians were analyzed. RESULTS Of 12 patients with 24 leads (active fixation lead, n = 11; passive fixation lead, n = 13) who underwent TLE, the indication for TLE was infection (pocket infection, n = 8; sepsis, n = 4). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most frequently identified causative agent (n = 4). The median patient age was 91 years; five patients were female. The median lead dwell time was 9 years. Excimer laser sheath (16 leads), mechanical sheath (five leads), Evolution RL (one lead), and manual traction (two leads) were employed in TLE. The procedure was successful in all patients, and only one had a minor complication. Six patients required CIED re-implantation, and leadless pacemakers were selected for five patients. The 30-day mortality after TLE was 0%. CONCLUSION TLE can be safely performed in nonagenarians. The decision to perform TLE should not be based on old age alone; the suitability of removing infected CIEDs should be determined based on each patient's condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshinori Komatsu
- Department of Cardiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Ayako Okada
- Department of Cardiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Morio Shoda
- Department of Cardiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiu Tanaka
- Department of Cardiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hideki Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Oguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Saigusa
- Department of Cardiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ebisawa
- Department of Cardiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Motoki
- Department of Cardiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kuwahara
- Department of Cardiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
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Nowosielecka D, Jacheć W, Stefańczyk Dzida M, Polewczyk A, Mościcka D, Nowosielecka A, Kutarski A. What Important Information Does Transesophageal Echocardiography Provide When Performed before Transvenous Lead Extraction? J Clin Med 2024; 13:5278. [PMID: 39274491 PMCID: PMC11396690 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13175278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 08/25/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is mandatory before transvenous lead extraction (TLE), but its usefulness remains underestimated. This study aims to describe the broad range of TEE findings in TLE candidates, as well as their influence on procedure complexity, major complications (MCs) and long-term survival. Methods: Preoperative TEE was performed in 1191 patients undergoing TLE. Results: Lead thickening (OR = 1.536; p = 0.007), lead adhesion to heart structures (OR = 2.531; p < 0.001) and abnormally long lead loops (OR = 1.632; p = 0.006) increased the complexity of TLE. Vegetation-like masses on the lead (OR = 4.080; p = 0.44), lead thickening (OR = 2.389; p = 0.049) and lead adhesion to heart structures (OR = 6.341; p < 0.001) increased the rate of MCs. The presence of vegetations (HR = 7.254; p < 0.001) was the strongest predictor of death during a 1-year follow-up period. Conclusions: TEE before TLE provides a lot of important information for the operator. Apart from the visualization of possible vegetations, it can also detect various forms of lead-related scar tissue. Build-up of scar tissue and the presence of long lead loops are associated with increased complexity of the procedure and risk of MCs. Preoperative TEE performed outside the operating room may have an impact on the clinical decision-making process, such as transferring potentially more difficult patients to a more experienced center or having the procedure performed by the most experienced operator. Moreover, the presence of masses or vegetations on the leads significantly increases 1-year and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Nowosielecka
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Pope John Paul II Province Hospital, 22-400 Zamość, Poland
- Department of Cardiology, The Pope John Paul II Province Hospital, 22-400 Zamość, Poland
| | - Wojciech Jacheć
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | | | - Anna Polewczyk
- Department of Physiology, Pathopysiology and Clinical Immunology, Collegium Medicum of Jan Kochanowski University, 25-369 Kielce, Poland
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Swietokrzyskie Cardiology Center, 25-736 Kielce, Poland
| | - Dominika Mościcka
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Tallahassee Memorial HealthCare, Florida State University, 1300 Miccosukee Road Tallahassee, Tallahassee, FL 32308, USA
| | - Agnieszka Nowosielecka
- Department of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, The A. Falkiewicz Specialist Hospital, 52-114 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kutarski
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
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Azari A, Kristjánsdóttir I, Gatti P, Berge A, Gadler F. Long- and short-term outcomes after transvenous lead extraction in a large single-centre patient cohort using the clinical frailty scale as a risk assessment tool. Indian Pacing Electrophysiol J 2024; 24:263-270. [PMID: 38992492 DOI: 10.1016/j.ipej.2024.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The rate of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantations and the need for transvenous lead extraction (TLE) are growing worldwide. This study examined a large Swedish cohort with the aim of identifying possible predictors of post-TLE mortality with special focus on systemic infection patients and frailty. METHODS This was a single centre study. Records of patients undergoing TLE between 2010 and 2018 were analysed. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare baseline characteristics of patients with different indications and identify risk factors of 30-day and 1-year mortality. RESULTS A total of 893 patients were identified. Local infection was the dominant indication and pacemaker was the most common CIED. The mean age was 65 ± 16 years, 73 % were male and median follow-up was 3.9 years. Heart failure was the most common comorbidity. Patients with systemic infection were significantly older, frailer and had significantly higher levels of comorbidities. 30-day mortality and 1-year mortality rates were 2.5 % and 9.9 %, respectively. Systemic infection and chronic kidney disease (CKD) were independently associated with 30-day and 1-year mortality. Clinical frailty scale (CFS) 5-7 correlated independently with 1-year mortality in the entire cohort and specifically in systemic infection patients. CKD, cardiac resynchronization therapy and CFS 5-7 were significant risk factors for long-term mortality (death >1 year after TLE) in multivariable analysis. CONCLUSIONS Systemic infection, kidney failure in addition to the novel parameter of frailty were associated with post-TLE all-cause mortality. These risk factors should be considered during pre-procedure risk stratification to improve post-TLE outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Azari
- Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Cardiology Department, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | | | - Paolo Gatti
- Karolinska Institute, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Berge
- Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Department of Infectious Diseases, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Gadler
- Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Cardiology Department, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden
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Akcay M, Yuksel S. Percutaneous Extraction of Transvenous Permanent Pacemaker/Defibrillator Leads-A Single-Center Experience. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:1360. [PMID: 39202640 PMCID: PMC11356401 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60081360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The number of cardiac pacemakers being used has increased in recent decades, and this increase has led to a rise in device-related complications, requiring percutaneous device extraction. Our aim was to present our single-center clinical experience in percutaneous lead extractions. Materials and Methods: We analyzed an observational retrospective cohort study of 93 patients for the transvenous removal of a total of 163 endocardial leads. We evaluated the device details, indications, lead characteristics, extraction methods, complications, reimplantation procedure, follow-up data, effectiveness, and safety. Results: Patients' mean age was 68.6 ± 11.6 years. Lead extraction indications were pocket infection in 33 (35.5%), lead dysfunction in 33 (35.5%), and system upgrade in 21 (23%) cases, and lead endocarditis in 6 (6%) cases. The duration from implantation to extraction time was a detected median of 43 (24-87) months. The most common retracted lead type was the RV defibrillator lead (62%), and the lead fixation type was active for one hundred (61%) patients. A new device was inserted in 74 (80%) patients, and the device type was most commonly a CRT-D (61%). Patients were followed up at a median of 17 (8-36) months, and 18 patients (19%) died at follow-up. Complete procedural success was obtained in 78 (84%) patients, and clinical procedural success was obtained in 83 (89%) patients. Procedural failure was detected in 15 (16%) patients. Major and minor complications were detected in 10 (11%) and 6 (6.5%) patients, respectively. The most common minor complication was pocket hematoma. Conclusions: Our experience suggests that transvenous lead extraction has a high success rate with an acceptable risk of procedural complications. The simple manual traction method has a high rate of procedural success, despite a high dwell time of the lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Akcay
- Department of Cardiology, Ondokuz Mayıs University School of Medicine, Samsun 55139, Turkey;
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Kiblboeck D, Blessberger H, Ebner J, Boetscher J, Maier J, Reiter C, Kellermair J, Steinwender C, Saleh K. Feasibility, timing and outcome of leadless cardiac pacemaker implantation in patients undergoing cardiac implantable electronic device extraction. Clin Res Cardiol 2024:10.1007/s00392-024-02516-0. [PMID: 39133337 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-024-02516-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients requiring extraction of infected or dysfunctional cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) have high morbidity and mortality. The Micra™ leadless cardiac pacemaker (LCP) may be beneficial for patients requiring permanent pacemaker therapy after CIED extraction. METHODS This study aimed to assess the feasibility, timing and outcomes of LCP implantation in patients who underwent CIED extraction due to infection or dysfunction. The local Micra™ LCP registry was reviewed for LCP implantations and CIED extractions. RESULTS Micra™ LCP implantation was scheduled for 48 consecutive patients (21 women, 44%) undergoing CIED extraction for infection (n = 38, 79%) or dysfunction (n = 10, 21%), and feasible in 47 (98%). Complete CIED removal was feasible in 44 patients (92%) and in 37/38 patients with infected CIED (97%). Overall, 32 LCP (67%) were implanted in a single procedure: 3 (6%) before and 13 (27%) after CIED extraction. LCP were implanted in a single procedure in 24/38 patients (63%) with infected CIED and in 8/10 patients (80%) with dysfunctional CIED. The in-hospital mortality rate was 6% (n = 3), and the survival rates at 30 days, 90 days and 1 year were 94% (n = 45/48), 90% (n = 43/48), and 85% (n = 41/48), respectively. No recurrent LCP-related mortality or infections occurred during a median follow-up of 15 (interquartile range, 12-41) months. CONCLUSION Two-thirds of LCPs could be implanted in a single procedure with CIED extraction; no recurrent infections were detected. Overall, Micra™ LCP implantation in patients requiring CIED extraction was feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kiblboeck
- Department of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, Krankenhausstr. 9, 4020, Linz, Austria.
| | - Hermann Blessberger
- Department of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, Krankenhausstr. 9, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Jakob Ebner
- Department of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, Krankenhausstr. 9, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Jakob Boetscher
- Department of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, Krankenhausstr. 9, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Julian Maier
- Department of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, Krankenhausstr. 9, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Christian Reiter
- Department of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, Krankenhausstr. 9, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Joerg Kellermair
- Department of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, Krankenhausstr. 9, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Clemens Steinwender
- Department of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, Krankenhausstr. 9, 4020, Linz, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Karim Saleh
- Department of Cardiology, Kepler University Hospital, Medical Faculty, Johannes Kepler University, Krankenhausstr. 9, 4020, Linz, Austria
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Khalil C, Lazar S, Megaly M, Mekritthikrai R, Vipparthy SC, Doukky R, Mortada ME, Huang HD, Sharma PS. Trends and outcomes of inpatient cardiac implantable electronic device transvenous lead extractions: a nationwide analysis. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2024:10.1007/s10840-024-01891-y. [PMID: 39105957 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-024-01891-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Higher rates of CIED implantations have been associated with an increased rate of lead failures and complications resulting in higher rates of transvenous lead extractions (TLE). OBJECTIVE To assess the trends TLE admissions and evaluate the patient related predictors of safety outcomes. METHODS National Readmission Database was queried to identify patients who underwent TLE from January 2016 to December 2019. We conducted a multivariate regression analysis to identify variables associated with in-hospital mortality in patients undergoing TLE. Additionally, we compared trends and outcomes of TLE among patients with prior sternotomy versus those without prior sternotomy and analyzed sex-based differences among patients undergoing TLE. RESULTS We identified 30,128 hospitalizations for TLE. The index admission in-hospital mortality rate was 3.21% with cardiac tamponade happening in 1.46% of the admissions. Age, infective endocarditis, CKD, congestive heart failure and anemia were associated with higher in-hospital mortality rates. There was a lower rate of in-hospital mortality in patients with history of prior sternotomy versus patients without (OR 0.72, CI: 0.59-0.87, p-value < 0.001). There was no difference in in-hospital mortality rate between males and females. Females had a shorter length and a higher cost of stay when compared to male gender. CONCLUSION TLE admissions continue to increase. Overall rates of mortality and complications are relatively low. Patients with prior sternotomy had better outcomes and less complications when compared to those without prior sternotomy. Female gender is associated with higher rates of cardiac tamponade, yet shorter length of stay with lower cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charl Khalil
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Section of Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1717 W Congress Pkwy/suite 317 Kellogg, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Wisconsin, USA.
| | - Sorin Lazar
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael Megaly
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Raktham Mekritthikrai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sharath C Vipparthy
- Section of Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1717 W Congress Pkwy/suite 317 Kellogg, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Rami Doukky
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mohammad E Mortada
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Aurora St. Luke's Medical Center, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Henry D Huang
- Section of Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1717 W Congress Pkwy/suite 317 Kellogg, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Parikshit S Sharma
- Section of Electrophysiology, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, 1717 W Congress Pkwy/suite 317 Kellogg, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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Wang J, Zhang H, Wan W, Yang H, Zhao J. Advances in nanotechnological approaches for the detection of early markers associated with severe cardiac ailments. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2024; 19:1487-1506. [PMID: 39121377 PMCID: PMC11318751 DOI: 10.1080/17435889.2024.2364581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Mortality from cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for over 30% of all deaths globally, necessitating reliable diagnostic tools. Prompt identification and precise diagnosis are critical for effective personalized treatment. Nanotechnology offers promising applications in diagnostics, biosensing and drug delivery for prevalent cardiovascular diseases. Its integration into cardiovascular care enhances diagnostic accuracy, enabling early intervention and tailored treatment plans. By leveraging nanoscale innovations, healthcare professionals can address the complexities of CVD progression and customize interventions based on individual patient needs. Ongoing advancements in nanotechnology continue to shape the landscape of cardiovascular medicine, offering potential for improved patient outcomes and reduced mortality rates from these pervasive diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Cardiac Care Unit, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Yeda Hospital, Yantai, Shangdong, 264006, China
| | - Weiping Wan
- Department of Ultrasound, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Haijiao Yang
- Department of Cardiac Care Unit, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, 264003, China
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Tan MC, Ang QX, Yeo YH, Thong JY, Tolat A, Scott LR, Lee JZ. Effect of age on in-hospital outcomes of transvenous lead extraction for infected cardiac implantable electronic device. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2024; 47:577-582. [PMID: 38319639 DOI: 10.1111/pace.14939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The real-world data on the safety profile of transvenous lead extraction (TLE) for infected cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) among elderly patients is not well-established. This study aimed to evaluate the hospital outcomes between patients of different age groups who underwent TLE for infected CIED. METHOD Using the Nationwide Readmissions Database, our study included patients aged ≥18 years who underwent TLE for infected CIED between 2017 and 2020. We divided the patients into four groups: Group A. Young (<50 years), Group B. Young intermediate (50-69 years old), Group C. Older intermediate (70-79 years old), and Group D. Octogenarian (≥80 years old). We then analyzed the in-hospital outcome and 30-day readmission between these age groups. RESULTS A total of 10,928 patients who were admitted for TLE of infected CIED were included in this study: 982 (9.0%) patients in group A, 4,234 (38.7%) patients in group B, 3,204 (29.3%) patients in group C and 2,508 (23.0%) of patients in group D. Our study demonstrated that the risk of early mortality increased with older age (Group B vs. Group A: OR: 1.92, 95% CI: 1.19-3.09, p < .01; Group C vs. Group A: OR: 2.47, 95% CI: 1.51-4.04, p < .01; Group D vs. Group A: OR: 2.82, 95% CI: 1.69-4.72, p < .01). The risk of non-home discharge also increased in elderly groups (Group B vs. Group A: OR: 1.89; 95% CI: 1.52-2.36; p < .01; Group C vs. Group A: OR: 2.82; 95% CI 2.24-3.56; p < .01; Group D vs. Group A: OR: 4.16; 95% CI: 3.28-5.28; p < .01). There was no significant difference in hospitalization length and 30-day readmission between different age groups. Apart from a higher rate of open heart surgery in group A, the procedural complications were comparable between these age groups. CONCLUSION Elderly patients had worse in-hospital outcomes in early mortality and non-home discharge following the TLE for infected CIED. There was no significant difference between elderly and non-elderly groups in prolonged hospital stay and 30-day readmission. Elderly patients did not have a higher risk of procedural complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Choon Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, New York Medical College at Saint Michael's Medical Center, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Qi Xuan Ang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sparrow Health System and Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Yong Hao Yeo
- Department of Internal Medicine/Pediatrics, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA
| | - Jia Yean Thong
- Fudan University Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Aneesh Tolat
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hartford Healthcare/University of Connecticut, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Luis R Scott
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Justin Z Lee
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Gładysz-Wańha S, Joniec M, Wańha W, Piłat E, Drzewiecka A, Gardas R, Biernat J, Węglarzy A, Gołba KS. Transvenous lead extraction safety and efficacy in infected and noninfected patients using mechanical-only tools: Prospective registry from a high-volume center. Heart Rhythm 2024; 21:427-435. [PMID: 38157921 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2023.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) is a well-established treatment option for patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) complications. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of TLE in CIED infection and non-CIED infection patients. METHODS Consecutive patients who underwent TLE between 2016 and 2022 entered the EXTRACT Registry. Models of prediction were constructed for periprocedural clinical and procedural success and the incidence of major complications, including death in 30 days. RESULTS The registry enrolled 504 patients (mean age 66.6 ± 12.8 years; 65.7% male). Complete procedural success was achieved in 474 patients (94.0%) and clinical success in 492 patients (97.6%). The total number of major and minor complications was 16 (3.2%) and 51 (10%), respectively. Three patients (0.6%) died during the procedure. New York Heart Association functional class IV and C-reactive protein levels defined before the procedure were independent predictors of any major complication, including death in 30 days in CIED infection patients. The time since the last preceding procedure and platelet count before the procedure were independent predictors of any major complication, including death in 30 days in non-CIED infection patients. CONCLUSIONS TLE is safe and successfully performed in most patients, with a low major complication rate. CIED infection patients demonstrate better periprocedural clinical success and complete procedural success. However, CIED infection predicts higher 30-day mortality compared with non-CIED infection patients. Predictors of any major complication, including death in 30 days, differ between CIED infection and non-CIED infection patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylwia Gładysz-Wańha
- Department of Electrocardiology and Heart Failure, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Department of Electrocardiology, Upper Silesian Medical Center of the Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Doctoral School of the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland.
| | - Michał Joniec
- Department of Electrocardiology and Heart Failure, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Department of Electrocardiology, Upper Silesian Medical Center of the Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Doctoral School of the Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wańha
- Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Diseases, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Eugeniusz Piłat
- Department of Electrocardiology, Upper Silesian Medical Center of the Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Drzewiecka
- Department of Electrocardiology, Upper Silesian Medical Center of the Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Rafał Gardas
- Department of Electrocardiology and Heart Failure, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Department of Electrocardiology, Upper Silesian Medical Center of the Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Jolanta Biernat
- Department of Electrocardiology, Upper Silesian Medical Center of the Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Węglarzy
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care with Cardiac Supervision, Upper Silesian Medical Center of the Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Krzysztof S Gołba
- Department of Electrocardiology and Heart Failure, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Department of Electrocardiology, Upper Silesian Medical Center of the Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Talaei F, Ang QX, Tan MC, Hassan M, Scott L, Cha YM, Lee JZ, Tamirisa K. Impact of infective versus sterile transvenous lead removal on 30-day outcomes in cardiac implantable electronic devices. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2024:10.1007/s10840-024-01775-1. [PMID: 38459202 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-024-01775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transvenous lead removal (TLR) is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. This study sought to evaluate the impact of TLR on in-hospital mortality and outcomes in patients with and without CIED infection. METHODS From January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2020, we utilized the nationally representative, all-payer, Nationwide Readmissions Database to assess patients who underwent TLR. We categorized TLR as indicated for infection, if the patient had a diagnosis of bacteremia, sepsis, or endocarditis during the initial admission. Conversely, if none of these conditions were present, TLR was considered sterile. The impact of infective vs sterile indications of TLR on mortality and major adverse events was studied. RESULTS Out of the total 25,144 patients who underwent TLR, 14,030 (55.8%) received TLR based on sterile indications, while 11,114 (44.2%) received TLR due to device infection, with 40.5% having systemic infection and 59.5% having isolated pocket infection. TLR due to infective indications was associated with a significant in-hospital mortality (5.59% vs 1.13%; OR = 5.16; 95% CI 4.33-6.16; p < 0.001). Moreover, when compared with sterile indications, TLR performed due to device infection was associated with a considerable risk of thromboembolic events including pulmonary embolism and stroke (OR = 3.80; 95% CI 3.23-4.47, p < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference in the conversion to open heart surgery (1.72% vs. 1.47%, p < 0.111), and infection was not an independent predictor of cardiac (OR = 1.12; 95% CI 0.97-1.29) or vascular complications (OR = 1.12; 95% CI 0.73-1.72) between the two groups. CONCLUSION Higher in-hospital mortality and rates of thromboembolic events associated with TLR resulting from infective indications may warrant further pursuing this diagnosis in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Talaei
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, McLaren Health System and Michigan State University, Flint, MI, USA
| | - Qi-Xuan Ang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sparrow Health System and Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Min-Choon Tan
- Department of Internal Medicine, New York Medical College at Saint Michael's Medical Center, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Mustafa Hassan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, McLaren Health System and Michigan State University, Flint, MI, USA
| | - Luis Scott
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Yong-Mei Cha
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Justin Z Lee
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kamala Tamirisa
- Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, Austin and Dallas, TX, USA.
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11
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Maclean E, Mahtani K, Honarbakhsh S, Butcher C, Ahluwalia N, Dennis AS, Creta A, Finlay M, Elliott M, Mehta V, Wijesuriya N, Shaikh O, Zaw Y, Ogbedeh C, Gautam V, Lambiase PD, Schilling RJ, Earley MJ, Moore P, Muthumala A, Sporton SC, Hunter RJ, Rinaldi CA, Behar J, Martin C, Monkhouse C, Chow A. The BLISTER Score: A Novel, Externally Validated Tool for Predicting Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infections, and Its Cost-Utility Implications for Antimicrobial Envelope Use. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2024; 17:e012446. [PMID: 38258308 PMCID: PMC10949977 DOI: 10.1161/circep.123.012446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial envelopes reduce the incidence of cardiac implantable electronic device infections, but their cost restricts routine use in the United Kingdom. Risk scoring could help to identify which patients would most benefit from this technology. METHODS A novel risk score (BLISTER [Blood results, Long procedure time, Immunosuppressed, Sixty years old (or younger), Type of procedure, Early re-intervention, Repeat procedure]) was derived from multivariate analysis of factors associated with cardiac implantable electronic device infection. Diagnostic utility was assessed against the existing PADIT score (Prior procedure, Age, Depressed renal function, Immunocompromised, Type of procedure) in both standard and high-risk external validation cohorts, and cost-utility models examined different BLISTER and PADIT score thresholds for TYRX (Medtronic; Minneapolis, MN) antimicrobial envelope allocation. RESULTS In a derivation cohort (n=7383), cardiac implantable electronic device infection occurred in 59 individuals within 12 months of a procedure (event rate, 0.8%). In addition to the PADIT score constituents, lead extraction (hazard ratio, 3.3 [95% CI, 1.9-6.1]; P<0.0001), C-reactive protein >50 mg/L (hazard ratio, 3.0 [95% CI, 1.4-6.4]; P=0.005), reintervention within 2 years (hazard ratio, 10.1 [95% CI, 5.6-17.9]; P<0.0001), and top-quartile procedure duration (hazard ratio, 2.6 [95% CI, 1.6-4.1]; P=0.001) were independent predictors of infection. The BLISTER score demonstrated superior discriminative performance versus PADIT in the standard risk (n=2854, event rate: 0.8%, area under the curve, 0.82 versus 0.71; P=0.001) and high-risk validation cohorts (n=1961, event rate: 2.0%, area under the curve, 0.77 versus 0.69; P=0.001), and in all patients (n=12 198, event rate: 1%, area under the curve, 0.8 versus 0.75, P=0.002). In decision-analytic modeling, the optimum scenario assigned antimicrobial envelopes to patients with BLISTER scores ≥6 (10.8%), delivering a significant reduction in infections (relative risk reduction, 30%; P=0.036) within the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence cost-utility thresholds (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, £18 446). CONCLUSIONS The BLISTER score (https://qxmd.com/calculate/calculator_876/the-blister-score-for-cied-infection) was a valid predictor of cardiac implantable electronic device infection, and could facilitate cost-effective antimicrobial envelope allocation to high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edd Maclean
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom (E.M., K.M., S.H., C.B., N.A., A.S.C.D., A.C., M.F., P.D.L., R.J.S., M.J.E., P.M., A.M., S.C.E.S., R.J.H., C. Monkhouse, A.C.)
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (E.M., S.H., N.A., R.J.S., R.J.H., A. Chow)
| | - Karishma Mahtani
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom (E.M., K.M., S.H., C.B., N.A., A.S.C.D., A.C., M.F., P.D.L., R.J.S., M.J.E., P.M., A.M., S.C.E.S., R.J.H., C. Monkhouse, A.C.)
| | - Shohreh Honarbakhsh
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom (E.M., K.M., S.H., C.B., N.A., A.S.C.D., A.C., M.F., P.D.L., R.J.S., M.J.E., P.M., A.M., S.C.E.S., R.J.H., C. Monkhouse, A.C.)
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (E.M., S.H., N.A., R.J.S., R.J.H., A. Chow)
| | - Charles Butcher
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom (E.M., K.M., S.H., C.B., N.A., A.S.C.D., A.C., M.F., P.D.L., R.J.S., M.J.E., P.M., A.M., S.C.E.S., R.J.H., C. Monkhouse, A.C.)
| | - Nikhil Ahluwalia
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom (E.M., K.M., S.H., C.B., N.A., A.S.C.D., A.C., M.F., P.D.L., R.J.S., M.J.E., P.M., A.M., S.C.E.S., R.J.H., C. Monkhouse, A.C.)
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (E.M., S.H., N.A., R.J.S., R.J.H., A. Chow)
| | - Adam S.C. Dennis
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom (E.M., K.M., S.H., C.B., N.A., A.S.C.D., A.C., M.F., P.D.L., R.J.S., M.J.E., P.M., A.M., S.C.E.S., R.J.H., C. Monkhouse, A.C.)
| | - Antonio Creta
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom (E.M., K.M., S.H., C.B., N.A., A.S.C.D., A.C., M.F., P.D.L., R.J.S., M.J.E., P.M., A.M., S.C.E.S., R.J.H., C. Monkhouse, A.C.)
| | - Malcolm Finlay
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom (E.M., K.M., S.H., C.B., N.A., A.S.C.D., A.C., M.F., P.D.L., R.J.S., M.J.E., P.M., A.M., S.C.E.S., R.J.H., C. Monkhouse, A.C.)
| | - Mark Elliott
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom (M.E., V.M., N.W., C.A.R., J.B.)
| | - Vishal Mehta
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom (M.E., V.M., N.W., C.A.R., J.B.)
| | - Nadeev Wijesuriya
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom (M.E., V.M., N.W., C.A.R., J.B.)
| | - Omar Shaikh
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (O.S., Y.Z., C.O., V.G., C. Martin)
| | - Yom Zaw
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (O.S., Y.Z., C.O., V.G., C. Martin)
| | - Chizute Ogbedeh
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (O.S., Y.Z., C.O., V.G., C. Martin)
| | - Vasu Gautam
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (O.S., Y.Z., C.O., V.G., C. Martin)
| | - Pier D. Lambiase
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom (E.M., K.M., S.H., C.B., N.A., A.S.C.D., A.C., M.F., P.D.L., R.J.S., M.J.E., P.M., A.M., S.C.E.S., R.J.H., C. Monkhouse, A.C.)
| | - Richard J. Schilling
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom (E.M., K.M., S.H., C.B., N.A., A.S.C.D., A.C., M.F., P.D.L., R.J.S., M.J.E., P.M., A.M., S.C.E.S., R.J.H., C. Monkhouse, A.C.)
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (E.M., S.H., N.A., R.J.S., R.J.H., A. Chow)
| | - Mark J. Earley
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom (E.M., K.M., S.H., C.B., N.A., A.S.C.D., A.C., M.F., P.D.L., R.J.S., M.J.E., P.M., A.M., S.C.E.S., R.J.H., C. Monkhouse, A.C.)
| | - Philip Moore
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom (E.M., K.M., S.H., C.B., N.A., A.S.C.D., A.C., M.F., P.D.L., R.J.S., M.J.E., P.M., A.M., S.C.E.S., R.J.H., C. Monkhouse, A.C.)
| | - Amal Muthumala
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom (E.M., K.M., S.H., C.B., N.A., A.S.C.D., A.C., M.F., P.D.L., R.J.S., M.J.E., P.M., A.M., S.C.E.S., R.J.H., C. Monkhouse, A.C.)
| | - Simon C.E. Sporton
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom (E.M., K.M., S.H., C.B., N.A., A.S.C.D., A.C., M.F., P.D.L., R.J.S., M.J.E., P.M., A.M., S.C.E.S., R.J.H., C. Monkhouse, A.C.)
| | - Ross J. Hunter
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom (E.M., K.M., S.H., C.B., N.A., A.S.C.D., A.C., M.F., P.D.L., R.J.S., M.J.E., P.M., A.M., S.C.E.S., R.J.H., C. Monkhouse, A.C.)
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (E.M., S.H., N.A., R.J.S., R.J.H., A. Chow)
| | - Christopher A. Rinaldi
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom (M.E., V.M., N.W., C.A.R., J.B.)
| | - Jonathan Behar
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, St. Thomas’ Hospital, London, United Kingdom (M.E., V.M., N.W., C.A.R., J.B.)
| | - Claire Martin
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Royal Papworth Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom (O.S., Y.Z., C.O., V.G., C. Martin)
| | - Christopher Monkhouse
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom (E.M., K.M., S.H., C.B., N.A., A.S.C.D., A.C., M.F., P.D.L., R.J.S., M.J.E., P.M., A.M., S.C.E.S., R.J.H., C. Monkhouse, A.C.)
| | - Anthony Chow
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Barts Heart Centre, St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, London, United Kingdom (E.M., K.M., S.H., C.B., N.A., A.S.C.D., A.C., M.F., P.D.L., R.J.S., M.J.E., P.M., A.M., S.C.E.S., R.J.H., C. Monkhouse, A.C.)
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom (E.M., S.H., N.A., R.J.S., R.J.H., A. Chow)
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12
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Al-Maisary S, Romano G, Karck M, De Simone R, Kremer J, Arif R. Octogenarian patients and laser-assisted lead extraction: Should we put a limit? PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284802. [PMID: 37862289 PMCID: PMC10588874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transvenous laser lead extraction (TLE) for cardiac implantable electric devices (CIED) is a challenging procedure especially if performed in octogenarians. In this study we evaluated the safety and efficacy of transvenous laser lead extraction in elderly patients. METHODS This is a retrospective study of octogenarian patients who underwent laser-assisted lead extraction (LLE) (GlideLight laser sheath, Philips, San Diego, USA). 270 Consecutive patients were included. Patients were divided into two groups. Octogenarian group and non-octogenarian group. The Data was gathered from patients treated between September 2013 and January 2020 and is retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Of 270 consecutive patients, 38 (14.0%) were 80 years old or more. The total number of the extracted leads was 556 among which 84(15.0%) from the Octogenarian group. From these leads were 155 single coil leads, 82 dual coil leads, 129 right ventricular pacing leads, 155 right atrial leads, and 35 left ventricular leads. In the Octogenarian group the number of removed leads was as follows: 13 single coil leads, 10 dual coil leads, 28 right ventricular pacing leads, 28 right atrial leads and 5 left ventricular leads. No mortality was recorded in the Octogenarian group. One patient in the YG suffered from a superior vena cava tear and one patient suffered from pulmonary embolism. CONCLUSION In octogenarian laser assisted lead extraction patients is a safe and effective procedure. No increase in morbidity, mortality or perioperative complication could be recorded in this group. Age should not be a limiting factor to perform this procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer Al-Maisary
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Romano
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Karck
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Raffaele De Simone
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jamila Kremer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rawa Arif
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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13
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Talaei F, Tan MC, Trongtorsak A, Lee JZ, Rattanawong P. Heart failure is associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality after transvenous lead extraction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Arrhythm 2023; 39:596-606. [PMID: 37560268 PMCID: PMC10407184 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) is increasingly considered in cardiac implantable electronic device management. Heart failure (HF) might be associated with mortality risks after the TLE procedure. This study aims to assess mortality risk in HF patients undergoing TLE. Method We searched MEDLINE and Embase databases from inception to June 2022 to identify articles that included patients with and without HF who underwent TLE, which reported mortality in both groups. The pooled effect size was calculated with a random-effects model and 95% CI to compare post-TLE mortality between the two groups. Results Eleven studies were included in the analysis. Each left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) increased by 1% was associated with reduced mortality by 2% (HR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.97-0.99, I 2 = 74.9%, p < .01). The presence of HF compared to those without HF was associated with higher mortality rates (OR: 3.04, 95% CI: 2.56-3.61, I 2 = 0.0%, p < .531). There was a significant increase in the mortality rates in patients with New York Heart Association (NYHA) function class III (OR: 2.29, 95% CI: 1.29-4.06, I 2 = 0.0%, p = .498) and NYHA IV (OR: 8.5, 95% CI: 2.98-24.3, I 2 = 0.0%, p = .997). Conclusions Our study found that post-TLE mortality decreases by 2% as LVEF increases by 1%, also mortality is higher in patients with NYHA III and IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Talaei
- Department of Internal MedicineMcLaren Flint HospitalFlintMichiganUSA
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseasesMayo ClinicPhoenixArizonaUSA
| | - Min C. Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseasesMayo ClinicPhoenixArizonaUSA
- Department of Internal MedicineNew York Medical College at Saint Michael's Medical CenterNewarkNew JerseyUSA
| | - Angkawipa Trongtorsak
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVirginiaUSA
| | - Justin Z. Lee
- Department of Cardiovascular DiseasesMayo ClinicPhoenixArizonaUSA
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Pattara Rattanawong
- Demoulas Center for Cardiac ArrhythmiasMassachusetts General Hospital Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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14
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Okada A, Higuchi S, Shoda M, Tabata H, Kataoka S, Shoin W, Kobayashi H, Okano T, Yoshie K, Kato K, Saigusa T, Ebisawa S, Motoki H, Kuwahara K. Utility of a multipurpose catheter for transvenous extraction of old broken leads: A novel technique for fragile leads. Heart Rhythm 2023; 20:976-981. [PMID: 37001747 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2023.03.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transvenous lead extraction has been possible since the 1980s. However, complications during lead extraction, such as the distal end fragment of the lead remaining in the myocardium or venous system and injury to the veins or heart, have been reported. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine our method for complete removal of a separated lead, as extraction of long-term implanted devices is difficult using standard methods and may require additional procedures. The removal of leads with inner conductor coil and lead tip separated from outer insulation, conductor coil, and proximal ring electrode using a multipurpose catheter is reported. METHODS In total, 345 consecutive patients who underwent transvenous lead extraction (TLE) from April 2014 to March 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Lead characteristics, device type, and indications for extraction were further analyzed in 20 patients who developed separation of the proximal ring electrode and outer conductor coil from the inner conductor and distal tip at the time of extraction. RESULTS Extractions were performed using an excimer laser sheath laser and a Byrd polypropylene telescoping sheath (n = 15); laser, Byrd polypropylene telescoping sheath, and Evolution RL (n = 2); laser and Evolution RL (n = 3); Byrd polypropylene telescoping sheath and Evolution RL (n = 1); Byrd polypropylene telescoping sheath only (n = 4); and Evolution RL only (n = 2). Twenty-seven leads implanted for more than 10 years had lead separation. A multipurpose catheter was used to protect the fragile leads from further damage. All leads were completely extracted. CONCLUSION All distal tip-to-proximal ring electrode separated leads were successfully removed using laser and other sheaths with the assistance of a multipurpose catheter, without any part of the leads remaining in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Okada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Satoshi Higuchi
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Morio Shoda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan; Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Tabata
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Shohei Kataoka
- Department of Cardiology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Shoin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hideki Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takahiro Okano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Koji Yoshie
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Ken Kato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan; Department of Cardiology, Tama Metropolitan Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Saigusa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ebisawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Motoki
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kuwahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Nagano, Japan
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15
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Togashi S, Isawa T, Honda T, Furuya K, Yamaya K, Taguri M, Toyoda S. Regional Disparities in Transvenous Lead Extraction for Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infection in Japan - A Descriptive Study Using the National Database Open Data. Circ J 2023; 87:1000-1006. [PMID: 37197942 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-23-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because the penetration of transvenous lead extraction (TLE) for cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection has not been investigated in Japan, we conducted a population-based, retrospective, descriptive study to evaluate regional disparities in the use of TLE for CIED infection and the potential undertreatment of CIED infection using a nationwide insurance claims database. METHODS AND RESULTS Patients who underwent CIED implantation or generator exchange and TLE between April 2018 and March 2020 were identified. Moreover, the penetration ratio of TLE for CIED infection in each prefecture was estimated. CIED implantation and TLE were most prevalent in the age categories of 80-89 years (40.3%) and 80-89 years (36.9%), respectively. There was no correlation between the number of CIED implantations and that of TLE (rho=-0.087, 95% confidence interval -0.374 to 0.211, P=0.56). The median penetration ratio was 0.00 (interquartile range 0.00-1.29). Of the 47 prefectures, 6, comprising Okinawa, Miyagi, Okayama, Fukuoka, Tokyo, and Osaka, showed a penetration ratio ≥2.00. CONCLUSIONS Our study data indicated great regional disparities in the penetration of TLE and potential undertreatment of CIED infection in Japan. Additional measures are needed to address these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Togashi
- Center for Outcomes Research and Economic Evaluation for Health, National Institute of Public Health
- Department of Nursing Care, Sendai Kousei Hospital
| | | | - Taku Honda
- Department of Cardiology, Sendai Kousei Hospital
| | - Kenichi Furuya
- Department of Medical Technology, Sendai Kousei Hospital
| | - Kazuhiro Yamaya
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Sendai Kousei Hospital
| | | | - Shigeru Toyoda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University
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Akhtar Z, Sohal M, Sheppard MN, Gallagher MM. Transvenous Lead Extraction: Work in Progress. Eur Cardiol 2023; 18:e44. [PMID: 37456768 PMCID: PMC10345938 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2023.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac implantable electronic devices are the cornerstone of cardiac rhythm management, with a significant number of implantations annually. A rising prevalence of cardiac implantable electronic devices coupled with widening indications for device removal has fuelled a demand for transvenous lead extraction (TLE). With advancement of tools and techniques, the safety and efficacy profile of TLE has significantly improved since its inception. Despite these advances, TLE continues to carry risk of significant complications, including a superior vena cava injury and mortality. However, innovative approaches to lead extraction, including the use of the jugular and femoral accesses, offers potential for further gains in safety and efficacy. In this review, the indications and risks of TLE are discussed while examining the evolution of this procedure from simple traction to advanced methodologies, which have contributed to a significant improvement in safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaki Akhtar
- Department of Cardiology, St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondon, UK
| | - Manav Sohal
- Department of Cardiology, St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondon, UK
| | - Mary N Sheppard
- Cardiac Risk in the Young, Cardiovascular Pathology Unit, St George's University of LondonLondon, UK
| | - Mark M Gallagher
- Department of Cardiology, St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation TrustLondon, UK
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Kutarski A, Jacheć W, Polewczyk A, Nowosielecka D. Incomplete Lead Removal During the Extraction Procedure: Predisposing Factors and Impact on Long-Term Survival in Infectious and Non-Infectious Cases: Analysis of 3741 Procedures. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082837. [PMID: 37109174 PMCID: PMC10144379 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term significance of lead remnants (LR) following transvenous lead extraction (TLE) remains disputable, especially in infectious patients. METHODS Retrospective analysis of 3741 TLEs focused on the relationship between LR and procedure complexity, complications and long-term survival. RESULTS The study group consisted of 156 individuals with LR (4.17%), and the control group consisted of 3585 patients with completely removed lead(s). In a multivariable model, a younger patient age at CIED implantation, more CIED procedures and procedure complexity were independent risk factors for retention of non-removable LR. Although patients with LR showed better survival outcomes following TLE (log rank p = 0.041 for non-infectious group and p = 0.017 for infectious group), multivariable Cox regression analysis did not confirm the prognostic significance of LR either in non-infectious [HR = 0.777; p = 0.262], infectious [HR = 0.983; p = 0.934] or the entire group of patients [HR = 0.858; p = 0.321]. CONCLUSIONS 1. Non-removable LRs are encountered in 4.17% of patients. 2. CIED infection has no influence on retention of LRs, but younger patient age, multiple CIED-related procedures and higher levels of procedure complexity are independent risk factors for the presence of LR. 3. Better survival outcomes following TLE in patients with LRs are not the effects of their presence but younger patient and better health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Kutarski
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Wojciech Jacheć
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Anna Polewczyk
- Department of Medicine and Health Sciences, The Jan Kochanowski University, 25-369 Kielce, Poland
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Świętokrzyskie Center of Cardiology, 25-736 Kielce, Poland
| | - Dorota Nowosielecka
- Department of Cardiology, The Pope John Paul II Province Hospital, 22-400 Zamość, Poland
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The Pope John Paul II Province Hospital, 22-400 Zamość, Poland
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Chaudhry U, Borgquist R, Smith JG, Mörtsell D. Efficacy of the antibacterial envelope to prevent cardiac implantable electronic device infection in a high-risk population. Europace 2022; 24:1973-1980. [PMID: 35989511 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Infection is a serious complication of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) therapy. An antibiotic-eluting absorbable envelope has been developed to reduce the infection rate, but studies investigating the efficacy and a reasonable number needed to treat in high-risk populations for infections are limited. METHODS AND RESULTS One hundred and forty-four patients undergoing CIED implantation who received the antibacterial envelope were compared with a matched cohort of 382 CIED patients from our institution. The primary outcome was the occurrence of local infection, and secondary outcomes were any CIED-related local or systemic infections, including endocarditis, and all-cause mortality. The results were stratified by a risk score for CIED infection, PADIT. The envelope group had a higher PADIT score, 5.9 ± 3.1 vs. 3.9 ± 3.0 (P < 0.0001). For the primary endpoint, no local infections occurred in the envelope group, compared with 2.6% in the control group (P = 0.04), with a more pronounced difference in the stratum with a high (>7 points) PADIT score, 0 vs. 9.9% (P = 0.01). The total CIED-related infections were similar between groups, 6.3% compared with 5.0% (P = 0.567). Mortality after 1600 days of follow-up did not differ between groups, 22.9 vs. 26.4%, P = 0.475. CONCLUSION Our study confirms the clinical efficacy of an antibacterial envelope in the prevention of local CIED infection in patients with a higher risk according to the PADIT score. In an effort to improve cost-benefit ratios, ration of use guided by the PADIT score is advocated. Further prospective randomized studies in high-risk populations are called for.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Chaudhry
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Getingevägen 4, 222 41 Lund, Sweden
| | - Rasmus Borgquist
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Getingevägen 4, 222 41 Lund, Sweden
| | - J Gustav Smith
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Getingevägen 4, 222 41 Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund University Diabetes Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,The Wallenberg Laboratory/Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Mörtsell
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Getingevägen 4, 222 41 Lund, Sweden
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Koplan BA, Kapur S. Transvenous Lead Extraction: Toward a Better Understanding of Mortality Outcomes. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2022; 8:1576-1578. [PMID: 36543508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2022.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Koplan
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Sunil Kapur
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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20
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Lee JZ, Tan MC, Karikalan S, Deshmukh AJ, Sorajja D, Valverde A, Srivathsan K, Scott L, Kusumoto FM, Friedman PA, Asirvatham SJ, Mulpuru SK, Cha YM. Causes of Early Mortality After Transvenous Lead Removal. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2022; 8:1566-1575. [PMID: 36543507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recognition of the causes of early mortality (≤30 days) after transvenous lead removal (TLR) is an essential step for the development of quality improvement programs. OBJECTIVES This study sought to determine the causes of early mortality after TLR and to further understand the circumstances surrounding death after TLR. METHODS A retrospective analysis was performed of all patients undergoing TLR from January 1, 2001, to January 1, 2021, at the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, Minnesota; Phoenix, Arizona; and Jacksonville, Florida). Causes of death were identified through a detailed chart review of the electronic health record from within the Mayo Clinic system and outside records when available. The causes of death were further characterized based on whether it was related to the TLR procedure. RESULTS A total of 2,319 patients were included in the study. The overall 30-day all-cause mortality rate was 3% (n = 69). Among all 30-day deaths, infection was the most common primary cause of death (42%). This was followed by decompensated heart failure (17%), procedure-related death (10%), sudden cardiac arrest (7%), and respiratory failure (6%). The 30-day mortality rate directly due to complications associated with the TLR procedure was 0.3%. One-third of deaths (33%) occurred after discharge from the index hospitalization; among these, 43% were readmitted before their death, 35% died at home or at a nursing facility, and 22% were discharged on comfort care and died in hospice. The main reasons for readmission before death were sepsis and decompensated heart failure. CONCLUSIONS The majority (90%) of 30-day mortality after TLR was not due to complications associated with TLR procedures. The primary causes were infection and decompensated heart failure. This highlights the importance of increased emphasis on postprocedure management of infection and heart failure to reduce postoperative mortality, including after hospital discharge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Z Lee
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA.
| | - Min-Choon Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Suganya Karikalan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Abhishek J Deshmukh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dan Sorajja
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Arturo Valverde
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Luis Scott
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Fred M Kusumoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA
| | - Paul A Friedman
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Samuel J Asirvatham
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Siva K Mulpuru
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Yong-Mei Cha
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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21
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Ngiam JN, Liong TS, Sim MY, Chew NWS, Sia CH, Chan SP, Lim TW, Yeo TC, Tambyah PA, Loh PH, Poh KK, Kong WKF. Risk Factors for Mortality in Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device (CIED) Infections: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11113063. [PMID: 35683451 PMCID: PMC9181812 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Infections following cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) implantation can require surgical device removal and often results in significant cost, morbidity, and potentially mortality. We aimed to systemically review the literature and identify risk factors associated with mortality following CIED infection. Methods: Electronic searches (up to June 2021) were performed on PubMed and Scopus. Twelve studies (10 retrospective, 2 prospective cohort studies) were included for analysis. Meta-analysis was conducted with the restricted maximum likelihood method, with mortality as the outcome. The overall mortality was 13.7% (438/1398) following CIED infection. Results: On meta-analysis, the male sex (OR 0.77, 95%CI 0.57–1.01, I2 = 2.2%) appeared to have lower odds for mortality, while diabetes mellitus appeared to be associated with higher mortality (OR 1.47, 95%CI 0.67–3.26, I2 = 81.4%), although these trends did not reach statistical significance. Staphylococcus aureus as the causative organism (OR 2.71, 95%CI 1.76–4.19, I2 = 0.0%), presence of heart failure (OR 1.92, 95%CI 1.42–4.19, I2 = 0.0%) and embolic phenomena (OR 4.00, 95%CI 1.67–9.56, I2 = 69.8%) were associated with higher mortality. Surgical removal of CIED was associated with lower mortality compared with conservative management with antibiotics alone (OR 0.22, 95%CI 0.09–0.50, I2 = 62.8%). Conclusion: We identified important risk factors associated with mortality in CIED infections, including Staphyloccocus aureus as the causative organism, and the presence of complications, such as heart failure and embolic phenomena. Surgery, where possible, was associated with better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghao Nicholas Ngiam
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (J.N.N.); (P.A.T.)
| | - Tze Sian Liong
- Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (T.S.L.); (M.Y.S.)
| | - Meng Ying Sim
- Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (T.S.L.); (M.Y.S.)
| | - Nicholas W. S. Chew
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (N.W.S.C.); (C.-H.S.); (T.W.L.); (T.-C.Y.); (P.H.L.); (K.K.P.)
| | - Ching-Hui Sia
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (N.W.S.C.); (C.-H.S.); (T.W.L.); (T.-C.Y.); (P.H.L.); (K.K.P.)
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore;
| | - Siew Pang Chan
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore;
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Toon Wei Lim
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (N.W.S.C.); (C.-H.S.); (T.W.L.); (T.-C.Y.); (P.H.L.); (K.K.P.)
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore;
| | - Tiong-Cheng Yeo
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (N.W.S.C.); (C.-H.S.); (T.W.L.); (T.-C.Y.); (P.H.L.); (K.K.P.)
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore;
| | - Paul Anantharajah Tambyah
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, National University Health System, Singapore 119228, Singapore; (J.N.N.); (P.A.T.)
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore;
- Infectious Diseases Translational Research Programme, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Poay Huan Loh
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (N.W.S.C.); (C.-H.S.); (T.W.L.); (T.-C.Y.); (P.H.L.); (K.K.P.)
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore;
| | - Kian Keong Poh
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (N.W.S.C.); (C.-H.S.); (T.W.L.); (T.-C.Y.); (P.H.L.); (K.K.P.)
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore;
| | - William K. F. Kong
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, National University Health System, Singapore 119074, Singapore; (N.W.S.C.); (C.-H.S.); (T.W.L.); (T.-C.Y.); (P.H.L.); (K.K.P.)
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-67722476; Fax: +65-68722998
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22
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Wang L, Hai T, Feng Y, Han Q, Li Y, Ju H, Jiang Y, Li X, Ze F, Liu G, Jiang L. The clinical role of transesophageal echocardiography during transvenous lead extraction. Echocardiography 2021; 38:1552-1557. [PMID: 34510520 DOI: 10.1111/echo.15171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is commonly used during cardiothoracic procedures. TEE has also become standard during transvenous lead extraction (TLE) procedures, but its effect and role have not been optimally defined. The goal of this study is to identify how TEE was used during TLE at our institute and review its utility. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed high-risk patients undergoing TLE, for whom more complications during extraction procedures, from June 2012 to September 2020. The patients were divided into TEE group and non-TEE group according to real-time TEE monitoring. We compared the rate of procedural success, complications between two groups and concluded the clinical utility of TEE during TLE. RESULTS A total of 195 patients were included (105 in TEE group vs 90 in non-TEE group), the rate of procedure success (97.8% vs 96.5%, p = 0.41) and complications during extraction (8.6% vs 12.2%, p = 0.40, major complication 5.7% vs 12.2%, p = 0.11, minor complication 2.9% vs 0%, p = 0.30) were comparable. In TEE group, 12 patients (11.4%) received following benefits: altering surgical plans, guiding subsequent therapy strategies, and rapidly diagnosing complications, moreover no complications occurred from TEE. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that real-time monitoring by TEE cannot change the rate of procedural success and complication during TLE; however, TEE provides valuable information to instruct clinical therapy and improves the safety of TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Hai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - QiaoYu Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - YaRu Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - XueBin Li
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Ze
- Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - LuYang Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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23
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Reimplantation and long-term mortality after transvenous lead extraction in a high-risk, single-center cohort. J Interv Card Electrophysiol 2021; 66:847-855. [PMID: 33723694 DOI: 10.1007/s10840-021-00974-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The use of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) has increased significantly over the last decades. With the development of transvenous lead extraction (TLE), procedural success rates also improved; however, data regarding long-term outcomes are still limited. The aim of our study was to analyze the outcomes after TLE, including reimplantation data, all-cause and cause-specific mortality. METHODS Data from consecutive patients undergoing TLE in our institution between 2012 and 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Periprocedural, 30-day, long-term, and cause-specific mortalities were calculated. We examined the original and the revised CIED indications and survival rate of patients with or without reimplantation. RESULTS A total of 150 patients (age 66 ± 14 years) with 308 leads (dwelling time 7.8 ± 6.3 years) underwent TLE due to pocket infection (n = 105, 70%), endocarditis (n = 35, 23%), or non-infectious indications (n = 10, 7%). All-cause mortality data were available for all patients, detailed reimplantation data in 98 cases. Procedural death rate was 2% (n = 3), 30-day mortality rate 2.6% (n = 4). During the 3.5 ± 2.4 years of follow-up, 44 patients died. Arrhythmia, as the direct cause of death, was absent. Cardiovascular cause was responsible for mortality in 25%. There was no significant survival difference between groups with or without reimplantation (p = 0.136). CONCLUSIONS Despite the high number of pocket and systemic infection and long dwelling times in our cohort, the short- and long-term mortality after TLE proved to be favorable. Moreover, survival without a new device was not worse compared to patients who underwent a reimplantation procedure. Our study underlines the importance of individual reassessment of the original CIED indication, to avoid unnecessary reimplantation.
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24
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Prognostic Value of Preoperative Echocardiographic Findings in Patients Undergoing Transvenous Lead Extraction. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041862. [PMID: 33672931 PMCID: PMC7918219 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: In patients referred for transvenous lead extraction (TLE) transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) often reveals abnormalities related to chronically indwelling endocardial leads. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the results of pre-operative TEE might influence the long-term prognosis. (2) Methods: We analyzed data from 936 TEE examinations performed at a high volume center in patients referred for TLE from 2015 to 2019. The follow-up was 566.2 ± 224.5 days. (3) Results: Multivariate analysis of TEE parameters showed that vegetations (HR = 2.631 [1.738–3.983]; p < 0.001) and tricuspid valve (TV) dysfunction unrelated to the endocardial lead (HR = 1.481 [1.261–1.740]; p < 0.001) were associated with increased risk for long-term mortality. Presence of fibrous tissue binding sites between the lead and the superior vena cava (SVC) and/or right atrium (RA) wall (HR = 0.285; p = 0.035), presence of penetration or perforation of the lead through the cardiac wall up to the epicardium (HR = 0.496; p = 0.035) and presence of excessive lead loops (HR = 0.528; p = 0.026) showed a better prognosis. After adjustment the statistical model with recognized poor prognosis factors only vegetations were confirmed as a risk factor (HR = 2.613; p = 0.039). A better prognosis was observed in patients with fibrous tissue binding sites between the lead and the superior vena cava (SVC) and/or right atrium (RA) wall (HR = 0.270; p = 0.040). (4) Conclusions: Non-modifiable factors may have a negative influence on long-term survival after TLE. Various forms of connective tissue overgrowth and abnormal course of the leads modifiable by TLE can be a factor of better prognosis after TLE.
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Salvage of Exposed Cardiac Implants Using Fasciocutaneous Rotation Flaps. Ann Plast Surg 2021; 84:85-89. [PMID: 31524640 DOI: 10.1097/sap.0000000000001985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Implantation rates of cardiac implantable electrophysiological devices (CIEDs) are rising, mainly because of the expansion of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators indications for primary prevention. As the CIED usage increases, CIED-related complications are also in rise. Transvenous approach and laser utilization techniques are replacing the open heart surgeries, for removal of CIED systems that are suspected to be infected. In this study, we aimed to share our new method of fasciocutaneous flap coverage results of patients with exposed CIED systems who were not eligible for the CIED replacement surgery for various reasons. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients operated with rotational fasciocutaneous flaps with addition of pectoralis fascia, owing to their exposed CIEDs between June 2016 and January 2019, were enlisted. Patients with signs of infection whether systemic or limited to the CIED pocket with or without positive blood cultures were referred to infectious diseases department and not included in this study. Patients included in the study were evaluated retrospectively in terms of demographic data, implanted CIED type, time elapsed from implantation to exposure, from referral to flap coverage operation, total follow-up time, survival ratios during follow-up, and complications related to flap coverage operation. In addition, indications for CIED implantation, patient comorbidities, and culture results obtained from the capsule encompassing the CIED battery unit were included to the evaluation. RESULTS A total of 13 patients with exposed CIEDs have undergone total capsulectomy and CIED system coverage with rotational fasciocutaneous flaps. The mean patient age ± SD was 60.2 ± 13.4 years. The average time elapsed from CIED implantation to exposure was 27.3 ± 15.4 months. The average time spanned from initial referral to operation was 6 ± 1.6 days. The most prevalent comorbidity was diabetes mellitus. The average time elapsed during operation for pectoral fascia incorporated rotation flaps was 90 ± 10.6 minutes. Coagulase negative staphylococci were the dominant species (46.5%) obtained from capsule cultures. Apart from 1 case of hematoma, no early or late operation-related complication was encountered. CONCLUSIONS A more precise definition of contamination and infection has to be made in guidelines, which may lead the first group to be treated without extraction. Surgical method defined in this study can be used for the treatment of patients in contaminated CIED subgroup, conserving individuals from risks of device extraction.
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Safe and effective transvenous lead extraction for elderly patients utilizing non-laser and laser tools: a single-center experience in Japan. Heart Vessels 2021; 36:882-889. [PMID: 33394103 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-020-01761-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) for cardiac implantable electric device (CIED) infection is becoming increasingly common, but is believed to be particularly risky in elderly patients. This study aimed to clarify the safety and effectiveness of TLE in the elderly, evaluating the use of both non-laser and laser extraction tools. We retrospectively analyzed the characteristics, device type, indications, procedures, and clinical results in younger (YG; age: 15-79 years; n = 48) and elderly groups (EG; age: ≥ 80 years; n = 27) of patients who underwent percutaneous TLE between April 2014 and December 2019 at our hospital. The average age was 68 and 88 years in the YG and EG, respectively. Indications for TLE were infection in 33 (68.8%) patients and other in 15 (30.6%) patients in the YG, and infection in all 27 (100%) EG patients. Bloodstream infection was detected in 9 and 4 patients in the YG and EG, respectively, with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis being the most common causative pathogen. All TLE procedures were performed under general anesthesia in an operating room with cardiovascular surgeon backup. An excimer laser sheath (76 leads), a laser followed by a mechanical sheath (45 leads), Evolution RL® (17 leads), a mechanical sheath (9 leads), and manual traction (one lead) were employed to extract a total of 148 leads (98 and 50 in the YG and EG, respectively). A mechanical sheath or Evolution RL® was more frequently used in the YG. The respective average implantation durations in the YG and EG were 5.3 and 5.0 years, respectively, which were comparable (p = 0.46). Procedural success rates were identical between the YG and EG (99% vs. 100%, respectively). There was only one procedure-related complication in the entire cohort (cardiac tamponade in a YG patient). Taken together, the success rates of TLE were high in the EG, with no complications, with extraction being the indication for infection in all EG patients. Percutaneous TLE was safe and effective in elderly patients using both non-laser and laser techniques.
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Di Cori A, Auricchio A, Regoli F, Blomström-Lundqvist C, Butter C, Dagres N, Deharo JC, Maggioni AP, Kutarski A, Kennergren C, Laroche C, Rinaldi CA, Dovellini EV, Golzio PG, Thøgersen AM, Bongiorni MG. Clinical impact of antithrombotic therapy in transvenous lead extraction complications: a sub-analysis from the ESC-EORP EHRA ELECTRa (European Lead Extraction ConTRolled) Registry. Europace 2020; 21:1096-1105. [PMID: 31505593 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euz062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS A sub-analysis of the ESC-EHRA European Lead Extraction ConTRolled (ELECTRa) Registry to evaluate the clinical impact of antithrombotic (AT) on transvenous lead extraction (TLE) safety and efficacy. METHODS AND RESULTS ELECTRa outcomes were compared between patients without AT therapy (No AT Group) and with different pre-operative AT regimens, including antiplatelets (AP), anticoagulants (AC), or both (AP + AC). Out of 3510 pts, 2398 (68%) were under AT pre-operatively. AT patients were older with more comorbidities (P < 0.0001). AT subgroups, defined as AP, AC, or AP + AC, were 1096 (31.2%), 985 (28%), and 317 (9%), respectively. Regarding AP patients, 1413 (40%) were under AP, 1292 (91%) with a single AP, interrupted in 26% about 3.8 ± 3.7 days before TLE. In total, 1302 (37%) patients were under AC, 881 vitamin K antagonist (68%), 221 (17%) direct oral anticoagulants, 155 (12%) low weight molecular heparin, and 45 (3.5%) unfractionated heparin. AC was 'interrupted without bridging' in 696 (54%) and 'interrupted with bridging' in 504 (39%) about 3.3 ± 2.3 days before TLE, and 'continued' in 87 (7%). TLE success rate was high in all subgroups. Only overall in-hospital death (1.4%), but not the procedure-related one, was higher in the AT subgroups (P = 0.0500). Age >65 years and New York Heart Association Class III/IV, but not AT regimens, were independent predictors of death for any cause. Haematomas were more frequent in AT subgroups, especially in AC 'continued' (P = 0.025), whereas pulmonary embolism in the No-AT (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS AT minimization is safe in patients undergoing TLE. AT does not seem to predict death but identifies a subset of fragile patients with a worse in-hospital TLE outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Di Cori
- Second Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiac-Thoracic & Vascular, Azienda Ospedaliera Pisana, Via Paradisa 2, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - François Regoli
- Fondazione Cardiocentro Ticino, Via Tesserete 48, Lugano, Italy
| | | | - Christian Butter
- Department of Cardiology, Heart Center Brandenburg in Bernau/Berlin & Brandenburg Medical School, Ladeburger Straße 17, Bernau, Germany
| | - Nikolaos Dagres
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jean-Claude Deharo
- CHU La Timone, Cardiologie, Service du prof Deharo, 264 Rue Saint Pierre, Marseille, France
| | - Aldo P Maggioni
- EURObservational Research Programme (EORP), European Society of Cardiology, 2035 routes des Colles, Sophia Antipolis, France.,ANMCO Research Center, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrzej Kutarski
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczerskiego Street Nr 8, Lublin, Poland
| | - Charles Kennergren
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sahlgrenska/SU, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - Cécile Laroche
- EURObservational Research Programme (EORP), European Society of Cardiology, 2035 routes des Colles, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | | | - Emilio Vincenzo Dovellini
- Department of Interventional Cardiology, Cardiothoracic and Vascular, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Pier Giorgio Golzio
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, A.O.U. Citta della Salute e della Scienza di Torino Molinette, Corso Bramente 88, Torino, Italy
| | | | - Maria Grazia Bongiorni
- Second Division of Cardiology, Department of Cardiac-Thoracic & Vascular, Azienda Ospedaliera Pisana, Via Paradisa 2, Pisa, Italy
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Lin AY, Lupercio F, Ho G, Pollema T, Pretorius V, Birgersdotter-Green U. Safety and Efficacy of Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Extraction in Elderly Patients: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. Heart Rhythm O2 2020; 1:250-258. [PMID: 33604584 PMCID: PMC7889020 DOI: 10.1016/j.hroo.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Transvenous lead extraction of cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) has been proven safe in the general patient population with the advances in extraction techniques. Octogenarians present a unique challenge given their comorbidities and the perceived increase in morbidity and mortality. Objective To assess the safety and outcomes of CIED extraction in octogenarians to younger patients. Methods We performed an extensive literature search and systematic review of studies that compared CIED extraction in octogenarians versus non-octogenarians. We separately assessed the rate of complete procedure success, clinical success, procedural mortality, major and minor complications. Risk ratio (RR) 95% confidence intervals were measured using the Mantel-Haenszel method. The random effects model was used due to heterogeneity across study cohorts. Results Seven studies with a total of 4,182 patients were included. There was no difference between octogenarians and non-octogenarians in complete procedure success (RR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00 - 1.02, p = 0.19) and clinical success (RR 1.01, 95% CI 1.00 - 1.01, p = 0.13). There was also no difference in procedural mortality (RR 1.43, 95% CI 0.46 - 4.39, p = 0.54), major complication (RR 1.40, 95% CI 0.68 - 2.88, p = 0.36), and minor complication (RR 1.43, 95% CI 0.90 - 2.29, p = 0.13). Conclusion In this study, there was no evidence to suggest a difference in procedural success and complication rates between octogenarians and younger patients. Transvenous lead extraction can be performed safely and effectively in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Y Lin
- Division of Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Florentino Lupercio
- Division of Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Gordon Ho
- Division of Cardiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Travis Pollema
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Victor Pretorius
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Mittal S, Wilkoff BL, Kennergren C, Poole JE, Corey R, Bracke FA, Curnis A, Addo K, Martinez-Arraras J, Issa ZF, Redpath C, Moubarak J, Khelae SK, Boersma LV, Korantzopoulos P, Krueger J, Lande JD, Morss GM, Seshadri S, Tarakji KG. The World-wide Randomized Antibiotic Envelope Infection Prevention (WRAP-IT) trial: Long-term follow-up. Heart Rhythm 2020; 17:1115-1122. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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30
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Aleong RG, Zipse MM, Tompkins C, Aftab M, Varosy P, Sauer W, Kao D. Analysis of Outcomes in 8304 Patients Undergoing Lead Extraction for Infection. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 9:e011473. [PMID: 32192410 PMCID: PMC7428595 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.011473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Patients undergoing lead extraction for infected devices have worse outcomes compared with those with noninfected devices. We assessed predictors of in-hospital mortality and procedure-related major adverse events (MAEs) in a large cohort undergoing lead extraction. Methods and Results Deidentified hospital records procedure from 7 states between 1994 and 2013 were aggregated and International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) procedure codes were used to identify hospital records reporting lead extraction. MAEs included death, cardiac tamponade, hemothorax, and need for emergent cardiac surgery. Predictors of in-hospital MAEs for infected compared with noninfected leads were identified using multivariate regression. Associations between outcomes and specific microbe were also assessed. In total, 57 220 discharges specified lead extraction. Infected leads accounted for the minority of total lead extractions compared with fractured leads (16.1 versus 59.8%, 25.7% not reported). There were 3298 MAEs (5.8%) including 980 deaths (1.7%). Multivariate predictors of MAE included black race, atrial fibrillation, anemia, heart failure, and admission via either hospital transfer or emergency department versus home (all P<0.001). Infected leads were associated with an increased risk of death (4.6% versus 0.9%, P<0.001) compared with leads with fracture only. Among patients with microbial data, staphylococcal infection was most common, whereas streptococcal infection was associated with the worst outcomes. Conclusions Patients undergoing extraction of infected leads have higher in-hospital mortality and adverse events compared with noninfected leads. Streptococcus, anemia, and heart failure are predictors of adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan G Aleong
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology University of Colorado Hospital Aurora CO
| | - Matthew M Zipse
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology University of Colorado Hospital Aurora CO
| | - Christine Tompkins
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology University of Colorado Hospital Aurora CO
| | - Muhammad Aftab
- Department of Surgery Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery University of Colorado Denver CO
| | - Paul Varosy
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology University of Colorado Hospital Aurora CO
| | - William Sauer
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology University of Colorado Hospital Aurora CO
| | - David Kao
- Section of Cardiac Electrophysiology University of Colorado Hospital Aurora CO
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31
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Milman A, Zahavi G, Meitus A, Kariv S, Shafir Y, Glikson M, Luria D, Beinart R, Nof E. Predictors of short-term mortality in patients undergoing a successful uncomplicated extraction procedure. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2020; 31:1155-1162. [PMID: 32141635 DOI: 10.1111/jce.14436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognosis of patients with untreated cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection is poor. Whether removal of all leads by a successful transvenous lead extraction (TLE) procedure changes the prognosis is unclear. OBJECTIVE To identify predictors of mortality in patients with CIED infection despite successful TLE. METHODS Retrospective single-center analysis of prospectively collected database from consecutive patients undergoing TLE at our center. Predictors for mortality were identified and a score predicting high mortality rate was calculated. RESULTS A total of 371 consecutive patients underwent TLE, of whom 337 (90.8%) had complete hardware removal. Most were extracted due to infectious causes (81.3%). Approximately one-third (35%) died during a mean follow-up of 1056 ± 868 days. There was significantly higher mortality observed in the infectious group. Multivariate logistic regression models for infectious group only identified creatinine and albumin measurements as risk markers for 30 days mortality (odds ratio [OR], 1.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-2.38; P = .003 and OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.16-0.97; P = .039, respectively). A risk score was created based on cutoff values of creatinine ≥2md/dL (1 point) and albumin ≤3.5 g/dL (1 point). A value of 2 points predicted a 50% chance of 30-day mortality and a 75% chance of 1-year mortality (P < .0001 for both). CONCLUSIONS Creatinine and albumin can be used as a combined risk score to successfully identify patients at risk of death despite undergoing a successful TLE procedure for infectious reasons. This score could help decision making when contemplating on conservative antibiotic treatment vs TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Milman
- Leviev Heart Institute, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Guy Zahavi
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Amit Meitus
- Leviev Heart Institute, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Saar Kariv
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yuval Shafir
- Leviev Heart Institute, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Glikson
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,The Jesselson Integrated Heart Center, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - David Luria
- Jerusalem Medical School, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel.,Heart Institute, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Roy Beinart
- Leviev Heart Institute, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eyal Nof
- Leviev Heart Institute, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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32
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Bontempi L, Curnis A, Della Bella P, Cerini M, Radinovic A, Inama L, Melillo F, Salghetti F, Marzi A, Gargaro A, Giacopelli D, Mazzone P. The MB score: a new risk stratification index to predict the need for advanced tools in lead extraction procedures. Europace 2020; 22:613-621. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euaa027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
A validated risk stratification schema for transvenous lead extraction (TLE) could improve the management of these procedures. We aimed to derive and validate a scoring system to efficiently predict the need for advanced tools to achieve TLE success.
Methods and results
Between November 2013 and March 2018, 1960 leads were extracted in 973 consecutive TLE procedures in two national referral sites using a stepwise approach. A procedure was defined as advanced extraction if required the use of powered sheaths and/or snares. The study population was a posteriori 1:1 randomized in derivation and validation cohorts. In the derivation cohort, presence of more than two targeted leads (odds ratio [OR] 1.76, P = 0.049), 3-year-old (OR 3.04, P = 0.001), 5-year-old (OR 3.48, P < 0.001), 10-year-old (OR 3.58, P = 0.008) oldest lead, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (OR 3.84, P < 0.001), and passive fixation lead (OR 1.91, P = 0.032) were selected by a stepwise procedure and constituted the MB score showing a C-statistics of 0.82. In the validation group, the MB score was significantly associated with the risk of advanced extraction (OR 2.40, 95% confidence interval 2.02-2.86, P < 0.001) and showed an increase in event rate with increasing score. A low value (threshold = 1) ensured 100% sensibility and 100% negative predictive value, while a high value (threshold = 5) allowed a specificity of 92.8% and a positive predictive value of 91.9%.
Conclusion
In this study, we developed and tested a simple point-based scoring system able to efficiently identify patients at low and high risk of needing advanced tools during TLE procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Bontempi
- Division of Cardiology, Spedali Civili Hospital, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Curnis
- Division of Cardiology, Spedali Civili Hospital, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Manuel Cerini
- Division of Cardiology, Spedali Civili Hospital, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Lorenza Inama
- Division of Cardiology, Manerbio Hospital, Manerbio, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Salghetti
- Division of Cardiology, Spedali Civili Hospital, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Afzal MR, Daoud EG, Matre N, Shoben A, Burnside M, Gilliam C, Pinkhas D, Okabe T, Tyler J, Houmsse M, Kalbfleisch SS, Crestanello JA, Turner K, Weiss R, Hummel JD, Love CJ, Augostini RS. RIsk Stratification prior to lead Extraction and impact on major intraprocedural complications (RISE protocol). J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2019; 30:2453-2459. [DOI: 10.1111/jce.14151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad R. Afzal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Wexner Medical Center at the Ohio State University Medical Center Columbus Ohio
| | - Emile G. Daoud
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Wexner Medical Center at the Ohio State University Medical Center Columbus Ohio
| | - Nancy Matre
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Wexner Medical Center at the Ohio State University Medical Center Columbus Ohio
| | - Abigail Shoben
- Department of Public Health, Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health The Ohio State University Columbus Ohio
| | - Melissa Burnside
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Wexner Medical Center at the Ohio State University Medical Center Columbus Ohio
| | - Courtney Gilliam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Wexner Medical Center at the Ohio State University Medical Center Columbus Ohio
| | - Daniel Pinkhas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Wexner Medical Center at the Ohio State University Medical Center Columbus Ohio
| | - Toshimasa Okabe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Wexner Medical Center at the Ohio State University Medical Center Columbus Ohio
| | - Jaret Tyler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Wexner Medical Center at the Ohio State University Medical Center Columbus Ohio
| | - Mahmoud Houmsse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Wexner Medical Center at the Ohio State University Medical Center Columbus Ohio
| | - Steven S. Kalbfleisch
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Wexner Medical Center at the Ohio State University Medical Center Columbus Ohio
| | | | - Katja Turner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Electrophysiology Section, Division of Anesthesiology Ross Heart Hospital at the Ohio State University Medical Center Columbus Ohio
| | - Raul Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Wexner Medical Center at the Ohio State University Medical Center Columbus Ohio
| | - John D. Hummel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Wexner Medical Center at the Ohio State University Medical Center Columbus Ohio
| | - Charles J. Love
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore Maryland
| | - Ralph S. Augostini
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Wexner Medical Center at the Ohio State University Medical Center Columbus Ohio
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Nishii N, Morimoto Y, Miyoshi A, Tsukuda S, Miyamoto M, Kawada S, Nakagawa K, Watanabe A, Nakamura K, Morita H, Morimatsu H, Kusano N, Kasahara S, Shoda M, Ito H. Prognosis after lead extraction in patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices infection: Comparison of lead-related infective endocarditis with pocket infection in a Japanese single-center experience. J Arrhythm 2019; 35:654-663. [PMID: 31410236 PMCID: PMC6686345 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The increase in the use of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) has been associated with an increase in CIED-related infections. Transvenous lead extraction is safe and effective for patients with CIED-related infections; however, the mortality rate in these patients is high. The prognosis after transvenous lead extraction in Japanese patients, especially those with lead-related infective endocarditis, has not been evaluated. Then, the purpose of this study is to clarify the prognosis after transvenous lead extraction in Japanese patients with CIED-related infections at a single Japanese center. Methods A total of 107 patients who underwent transvenous lead extraction were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into a lead-related infective endocarditis group (n = 32) and a pocket infection group (n = 75). Procedure success rate and prognosis after lead extraction were evaluated between the two groups. Results Procedure success rate was not significantly different between the groups. There were no deaths associated with the procedure or with infection. The survival rate was not significantly different at 1 year or at a median of 816 days (lead-related infective endocarditis vs pocket infection; 93.7% vs 94.7%, P = 1.000; 78.1% vs 81.3%, P = 0.791) Time to reimplantation and duration of hospital stay and antibiotics therapy were significantly longer for patients with lead-related infective endocarditis. Conclusion In this study, the prognosis for patients with lead-related infective endocarditis after transvenous lead extraction was favorable. Thus, extraction should be strongly recommended, even if the general condition of the patient is poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Nishii
- Department of Cardiovascular Therapeutics Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Morimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Akihito Miyoshi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Saori Tsukuda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Masakazu Miyamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Satoshi Kawada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Koji Nakagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Atsuyuki Watanabe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Kazufumi Nakamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morita
- Department of Cardiovascular Therapeutics Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Hiroshi Morimatsu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Resuscitology Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Nobuchika Kusano
- Department of Infectious Disease Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Shingo Kasahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
| | - Morio Shoda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Tokyo Women's Medical University Tokyo Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ito
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Okayama Japan
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35
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Monfredi O, Love CJ. Lead extraction in patients with cardiac resynchronization therapy devices: are they worse than the others? Europace 2019; 21:842-843. [PMID: 30668860 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euy322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Monfredi
- Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 N Wolfe St/Halsted 500, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Charles J Love
- Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, 600 N. Wolfe St./Carnegie 584, Baltimore, MD, USA
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36
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Tarakji KG, Mittal S, Kennergren C, Corey R, Poole JE, Schloss E, Gallastegui J, Pickett RA, Evonich R, Philippon F, McComb JM, Roark SF, Sorrentino D, Sholevar D, Cronin E, Berman B, Riggio D, Biffi M, Khan H, Silver MT, Collier J, Eldadah Z, Wright DJ, Lande JD, Lexcen DR, Cheng A, Wilkoff BL. Antibacterial Envelope to Prevent Cardiac Implantable Device Infection. N Engl J Med 2019; 380:1895-1905. [PMID: 30883056 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1901111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infections after placement of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) are associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. There is limited evidence on prophylactic strategies, other than the use of preoperative antibiotics, to prevent such infections. METHODS We conducted a randomized, controlled clinical trial to assess the safety and efficacy of an absorbable, antibiotic-eluting envelope in reducing the incidence of infection associated with CIED implantations. Patients who were undergoing a CIED pocket revision, generator replacement, or system upgrade or an initial implantation of a cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator were randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, to receive the envelope or not. Standard-of-care strategies to prevent infection were used in all patients. The primary end point was infection resulting in system extraction or revision, long-term antibiotic therapy with infection recurrence, or death, within 12 months after the CIED implantation procedure. The secondary end point for safety was procedure-related or system-related complications within 12 months. RESULTS A total of 6983 patients underwent randomization: 3495 to the envelope group and 3488 to the control group. The primary end point occurred in 25 patients in the envelope group and 42 patients in the control group (12-month Kaplan-Meier estimated event rate, 0.7% and 1.2%, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.36 to 0.98; P = 0.04). The safety end point occurred in 201 patients in the envelope group and 236 patients in the control group (12-month Kaplan-Meier estimated event rate, 6.0% and 6.9%, respectively; hazard ratio, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.06; P<0.001 for noninferiority). The mean (±SD) duration of follow-up was 20.7±8.5 months. Major CIED-related infections through the entire follow-up period occurred in 32 patients in the envelope group and 51 patients in the control group (hazard ratio, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.40 to 0.98). CONCLUSIONS Adjunctive use of an antibacterial envelope resulted in a significantly lower incidence of major CIED infections than standard-of-care infection-prevention strategies alone, without a higher incidence of complications. (Funded by Medtronic; WRAP-IT ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02277990.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaldoun G Tarakji
- From the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.G.T., B.L.W.), and the Lindner Research Center, Cincinnati (E.S.) - both in Ohio; Valley Health System, Ridgewood (S.M.), and Lourdes Cardiology Services, Cherry Hill (D. Sholevar) - both in New Jersey; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden (C.K.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham (R.C.), and WakeMed Heart and Vascular, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh (M.T.S.) - both in North Carolina; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (J.E.P.); Clearwater Cardiovascular and Interventional Consultants, Safety Harbor (J.G.), and Cardiology Associates of Gainesville, Gainesville (S.F.R.) - both in Florida; Saint Thomas Research Institute, Nashville (R.A.P.); Upper Michigan Cardiovascular Associates, Marquette (R.E.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada (F.P.); the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne (J.M.M.), and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool (D.J.W.) - both in the United Kingdom; Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (D. Sorrentino); Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT (E.C.); Chula Vista Cardiac Center, Chula Vista, CA (B.B.); Arizona Arrhythmia Consultants, Scottsdale (D.R.); Policlinico Sant' Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Baylor Research Institute, Plano, TX (H.K.); Oklahoma Heart Hospital, Oklahoma City (J.C.); MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Washington, DC (Z.E.); and Medtronic, Mounds View, MN (J.D.L., D.R.L., A.C.)
| | - Suneet Mittal
- From the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.G.T., B.L.W.), and the Lindner Research Center, Cincinnati (E.S.) - both in Ohio; Valley Health System, Ridgewood (S.M.), and Lourdes Cardiology Services, Cherry Hill (D. Sholevar) - both in New Jersey; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden (C.K.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham (R.C.), and WakeMed Heart and Vascular, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh (M.T.S.) - both in North Carolina; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (J.E.P.); Clearwater Cardiovascular and Interventional Consultants, Safety Harbor (J.G.), and Cardiology Associates of Gainesville, Gainesville (S.F.R.) - both in Florida; Saint Thomas Research Institute, Nashville (R.A.P.); Upper Michigan Cardiovascular Associates, Marquette (R.E.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada (F.P.); the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne (J.M.M.), and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool (D.J.W.) - both in the United Kingdom; Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (D. Sorrentino); Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT (E.C.); Chula Vista Cardiac Center, Chula Vista, CA (B.B.); Arizona Arrhythmia Consultants, Scottsdale (D.R.); Policlinico Sant' Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Baylor Research Institute, Plano, TX (H.K.); Oklahoma Heart Hospital, Oklahoma City (J.C.); MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Washington, DC (Z.E.); and Medtronic, Mounds View, MN (J.D.L., D.R.L., A.C.)
| | - Charles Kennergren
- From the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.G.T., B.L.W.), and the Lindner Research Center, Cincinnati (E.S.) - both in Ohio; Valley Health System, Ridgewood (S.M.), and Lourdes Cardiology Services, Cherry Hill (D. Sholevar) - both in New Jersey; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden (C.K.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham (R.C.), and WakeMed Heart and Vascular, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh (M.T.S.) - both in North Carolina; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (J.E.P.); Clearwater Cardiovascular and Interventional Consultants, Safety Harbor (J.G.), and Cardiology Associates of Gainesville, Gainesville (S.F.R.) - both in Florida; Saint Thomas Research Institute, Nashville (R.A.P.); Upper Michigan Cardiovascular Associates, Marquette (R.E.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada (F.P.); the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne (J.M.M.), and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool (D.J.W.) - both in the United Kingdom; Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (D. Sorrentino); Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT (E.C.); Chula Vista Cardiac Center, Chula Vista, CA (B.B.); Arizona Arrhythmia Consultants, Scottsdale (D.R.); Policlinico Sant' Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Baylor Research Institute, Plano, TX (H.K.); Oklahoma Heart Hospital, Oklahoma City (J.C.); MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Washington, DC (Z.E.); and Medtronic, Mounds View, MN (J.D.L., D.R.L., A.C.)
| | - Ralph Corey
- From the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.G.T., B.L.W.), and the Lindner Research Center, Cincinnati (E.S.) - both in Ohio; Valley Health System, Ridgewood (S.M.), and Lourdes Cardiology Services, Cherry Hill (D. Sholevar) - both in New Jersey; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden (C.K.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham (R.C.), and WakeMed Heart and Vascular, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh (M.T.S.) - both in North Carolina; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (J.E.P.); Clearwater Cardiovascular and Interventional Consultants, Safety Harbor (J.G.), and Cardiology Associates of Gainesville, Gainesville (S.F.R.) - both in Florida; Saint Thomas Research Institute, Nashville (R.A.P.); Upper Michigan Cardiovascular Associates, Marquette (R.E.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada (F.P.); the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne (J.M.M.), and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool (D.J.W.) - both in the United Kingdom; Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (D. Sorrentino); Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT (E.C.); Chula Vista Cardiac Center, Chula Vista, CA (B.B.); Arizona Arrhythmia Consultants, Scottsdale (D.R.); Policlinico Sant' Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Baylor Research Institute, Plano, TX (H.K.); Oklahoma Heart Hospital, Oklahoma City (J.C.); MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Washington, DC (Z.E.); and Medtronic, Mounds View, MN (J.D.L., D.R.L., A.C.)
| | - Jeanne E Poole
- From the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.G.T., B.L.W.), and the Lindner Research Center, Cincinnati (E.S.) - both in Ohio; Valley Health System, Ridgewood (S.M.), and Lourdes Cardiology Services, Cherry Hill (D. Sholevar) - both in New Jersey; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden (C.K.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham (R.C.), and WakeMed Heart and Vascular, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh (M.T.S.) - both in North Carolina; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (J.E.P.); Clearwater Cardiovascular and Interventional Consultants, Safety Harbor (J.G.), and Cardiology Associates of Gainesville, Gainesville (S.F.R.) - both in Florida; Saint Thomas Research Institute, Nashville (R.A.P.); Upper Michigan Cardiovascular Associates, Marquette (R.E.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada (F.P.); the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne (J.M.M.), and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool (D.J.W.) - both in the United Kingdom; Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (D. Sorrentino); Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT (E.C.); Chula Vista Cardiac Center, Chula Vista, CA (B.B.); Arizona Arrhythmia Consultants, Scottsdale (D.R.); Policlinico Sant' Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Baylor Research Institute, Plano, TX (H.K.); Oklahoma Heart Hospital, Oklahoma City (J.C.); MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Washington, DC (Z.E.); and Medtronic, Mounds View, MN (J.D.L., D.R.L., A.C.)
| | - Edward Schloss
- From the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.G.T., B.L.W.), and the Lindner Research Center, Cincinnati (E.S.) - both in Ohio; Valley Health System, Ridgewood (S.M.), and Lourdes Cardiology Services, Cherry Hill (D. Sholevar) - both in New Jersey; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden (C.K.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham (R.C.), and WakeMed Heart and Vascular, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh (M.T.S.) - both in North Carolina; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (J.E.P.); Clearwater Cardiovascular and Interventional Consultants, Safety Harbor (J.G.), and Cardiology Associates of Gainesville, Gainesville (S.F.R.) - both in Florida; Saint Thomas Research Institute, Nashville (R.A.P.); Upper Michigan Cardiovascular Associates, Marquette (R.E.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada (F.P.); the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne (J.M.M.), and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool (D.J.W.) - both in the United Kingdom; Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (D. Sorrentino); Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT (E.C.); Chula Vista Cardiac Center, Chula Vista, CA (B.B.); Arizona Arrhythmia Consultants, Scottsdale (D.R.); Policlinico Sant' Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Baylor Research Institute, Plano, TX (H.K.); Oklahoma Heart Hospital, Oklahoma City (J.C.); MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Washington, DC (Z.E.); and Medtronic, Mounds View, MN (J.D.L., D.R.L., A.C.)
| | - Jose Gallastegui
- From the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.G.T., B.L.W.), and the Lindner Research Center, Cincinnati (E.S.) - both in Ohio; Valley Health System, Ridgewood (S.M.), and Lourdes Cardiology Services, Cherry Hill (D. Sholevar) - both in New Jersey; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden (C.K.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham (R.C.), and WakeMed Heart and Vascular, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh (M.T.S.) - both in North Carolina; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (J.E.P.); Clearwater Cardiovascular and Interventional Consultants, Safety Harbor (J.G.), and Cardiology Associates of Gainesville, Gainesville (S.F.R.) - both in Florida; Saint Thomas Research Institute, Nashville (R.A.P.); Upper Michigan Cardiovascular Associates, Marquette (R.E.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada (F.P.); the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne (J.M.M.), and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool (D.J.W.) - both in the United Kingdom; Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (D. Sorrentino); Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT (E.C.); Chula Vista Cardiac Center, Chula Vista, CA (B.B.); Arizona Arrhythmia Consultants, Scottsdale (D.R.); Policlinico Sant' Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Baylor Research Institute, Plano, TX (H.K.); Oklahoma Heart Hospital, Oklahoma City (J.C.); MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Washington, DC (Z.E.); and Medtronic, Mounds View, MN (J.D.L., D.R.L., A.C.)
| | - Robert A Pickett
- From the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.G.T., B.L.W.), and the Lindner Research Center, Cincinnati (E.S.) - both in Ohio; Valley Health System, Ridgewood (S.M.), and Lourdes Cardiology Services, Cherry Hill (D. Sholevar) - both in New Jersey; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden (C.K.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham (R.C.), and WakeMed Heart and Vascular, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh (M.T.S.) - both in North Carolina; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (J.E.P.); Clearwater Cardiovascular and Interventional Consultants, Safety Harbor (J.G.), and Cardiology Associates of Gainesville, Gainesville (S.F.R.) - both in Florida; Saint Thomas Research Institute, Nashville (R.A.P.); Upper Michigan Cardiovascular Associates, Marquette (R.E.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada (F.P.); the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne (J.M.M.), and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool (D.J.W.) - both in the United Kingdom; Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (D. Sorrentino); Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT (E.C.); Chula Vista Cardiac Center, Chula Vista, CA (B.B.); Arizona Arrhythmia Consultants, Scottsdale (D.R.); Policlinico Sant' Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Baylor Research Institute, Plano, TX (H.K.); Oklahoma Heart Hospital, Oklahoma City (J.C.); MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Washington, DC (Z.E.); and Medtronic, Mounds View, MN (J.D.L., D.R.L., A.C.)
| | - Rudolph Evonich
- From the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.G.T., B.L.W.), and the Lindner Research Center, Cincinnati (E.S.) - both in Ohio; Valley Health System, Ridgewood (S.M.), and Lourdes Cardiology Services, Cherry Hill (D. Sholevar) - both in New Jersey; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden (C.K.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham (R.C.), and WakeMed Heart and Vascular, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh (M.T.S.) - both in North Carolina; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (J.E.P.); Clearwater Cardiovascular and Interventional Consultants, Safety Harbor (J.G.), and Cardiology Associates of Gainesville, Gainesville (S.F.R.) - both in Florida; Saint Thomas Research Institute, Nashville (R.A.P.); Upper Michigan Cardiovascular Associates, Marquette (R.E.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada (F.P.); the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne (J.M.M.), and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool (D.J.W.) - both in the United Kingdom; Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (D. Sorrentino); Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT (E.C.); Chula Vista Cardiac Center, Chula Vista, CA (B.B.); Arizona Arrhythmia Consultants, Scottsdale (D.R.); Policlinico Sant' Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Baylor Research Institute, Plano, TX (H.K.); Oklahoma Heart Hospital, Oklahoma City (J.C.); MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Washington, DC (Z.E.); and Medtronic, Mounds View, MN (J.D.L., D.R.L., A.C.)
| | - François Philippon
- From the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.G.T., B.L.W.), and the Lindner Research Center, Cincinnati (E.S.) - both in Ohio; Valley Health System, Ridgewood (S.M.), and Lourdes Cardiology Services, Cherry Hill (D. Sholevar) - both in New Jersey; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden (C.K.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham (R.C.), and WakeMed Heart and Vascular, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh (M.T.S.) - both in North Carolina; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (J.E.P.); Clearwater Cardiovascular and Interventional Consultants, Safety Harbor (J.G.), and Cardiology Associates of Gainesville, Gainesville (S.F.R.) - both in Florida; Saint Thomas Research Institute, Nashville (R.A.P.); Upper Michigan Cardiovascular Associates, Marquette (R.E.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada (F.P.); the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne (J.M.M.), and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool (D.J.W.) - both in the United Kingdom; Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (D. Sorrentino); Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT (E.C.); Chula Vista Cardiac Center, Chula Vista, CA (B.B.); Arizona Arrhythmia Consultants, Scottsdale (D.R.); Policlinico Sant' Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Baylor Research Institute, Plano, TX (H.K.); Oklahoma Heart Hospital, Oklahoma City (J.C.); MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Washington, DC (Z.E.); and Medtronic, Mounds View, MN (J.D.L., D.R.L., A.C.)
| | - Janet M McComb
- From the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.G.T., B.L.W.), and the Lindner Research Center, Cincinnati (E.S.) - both in Ohio; Valley Health System, Ridgewood (S.M.), and Lourdes Cardiology Services, Cherry Hill (D. Sholevar) - both in New Jersey; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden (C.K.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham (R.C.), and WakeMed Heart and Vascular, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh (M.T.S.) - both in North Carolina; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (J.E.P.); Clearwater Cardiovascular and Interventional Consultants, Safety Harbor (J.G.), and Cardiology Associates of Gainesville, Gainesville (S.F.R.) - both in Florida; Saint Thomas Research Institute, Nashville (R.A.P.); Upper Michigan Cardiovascular Associates, Marquette (R.E.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada (F.P.); the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne (J.M.M.), and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool (D.J.W.) - both in the United Kingdom; Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (D. Sorrentino); Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT (E.C.); Chula Vista Cardiac Center, Chula Vista, CA (B.B.); Arizona Arrhythmia Consultants, Scottsdale (D.R.); Policlinico Sant' Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Baylor Research Institute, Plano, TX (H.K.); Oklahoma Heart Hospital, Oklahoma City (J.C.); MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Washington, DC (Z.E.); and Medtronic, Mounds View, MN (J.D.L., D.R.L., A.C.)
| | - Steven F Roark
- From the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.G.T., B.L.W.), and the Lindner Research Center, Cincinnati (E.S.) - both in Ohio; Valley Health System, Ridgewood (S.M.), and Lourdes Cardiology Services, Cherry Hill (D. Sholevar) - both in New Jersey; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden (C.K.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham (R.C.), and WakeMed Heart and Vascular, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh (M.T.S.) - both in North Carolina; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (J.E.P.); Clearwater Cardiovascular and Interventional Consultants, Safety Harbor (J.G.), and Cardiology Associates of Gainesville, Gainesville (S.F.R.) - both in Florida; Saint Thomas Research Institute, Nashville (R.A.P.); Upper Michigan Cardiovascular Associates, Marquette (R.E.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada (F.P.); the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne (J.M.M.), and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool (D.J.W.) - both in the United Kingdom; Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (D. Sorrentino); Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT (E.C.); Chula Vista Cardiac Center, Chula Vista, CA (B.B.); Arizona Arrhythmia Consultants, Scottsdale (D.R.); Policlinico Sant' Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Baylor Research Institute, Plano, TX (H.K.); Oklahoma Heart Hospital, Oklahoma City (J.C.); MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Washington, DC (Z.E.); and Medtronic, Mounds View, MN (J.D.L., D.R.L., A.C.)
| | - Denise Sorrentino
- From the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.G.T., B.L.W.), and the Lindner Research Center, Cincinnati (E.S.) - both in Ohio; Valley Health System, Ridgewood (S.M.), and Lourdes Cardiology Services, Cherry Hill (D. Sholevar) - both in New Jersey; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden (C.K.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham (R.C.), and WakeMed Heart and Vascular, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh (M.T.S.) - both in North Carolina; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (J.E.P.); Clearwater Cardiovascular and Interventional Consultants, Safety Harbor (J.G.), and Cardiology Associates of Gainesville, Gainesville (S.F.R.) - both in Florida; Saint Thomas Research Institute, Nashville (R.A.P.); Upper Michigan Cardiovascular Associates, Marquette (R.E.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada (F.P.); the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne (J.M.M.), and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool (D.J.W.) - both in the United Kingdom; Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (D. Sorrentino); Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT (E.C.); Chula Vista Cardiac Center, Chula Vista, CA (B.B.); Arizona Arrhythmia Consultants, Scottsdale (D.R.); Policlinico Sant' Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Baylor Research Institute, Plano, TX (H.K.); Oklahoma Heart Hospital, Oklahoma City (J.C.); MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Washington, DC (Z.E.); and Medtronic, Mounds View, MN (J.D.L., D.R.L., A.C.)
| | - Darius Sholevar
- From the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.G.T., B.L.W.), and the Lindner Research Center, Cincinnati (E.S.) - both in Ohio; Valley Health System, Ridgewood (S.M.), and Lourdes Cardiology Services, Cherry Hill (D. Sholevar) - both in New Jersey; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden (C.K.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham (R.C.), and WakeMed Heart and Vascular, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh (M.T.S.) - both in North Carolina; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (J.E.P.); Clearwater Cardiovascular and Interventional Consultants, Safety Harbor (J.G.), and Cardiology Associates of Gainesville, Gainesville (S.F.R.) - both in Florida; Saint Thomas Research Institute, Nashville (R.A.P.); Upper Michigan Cardiovascular Associates, Marquette (R.E.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada (F.P.); the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne (J.M.M.), and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool (D.J.W.) - both in the United Kingdom; Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (D. Sorrentino); Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT (E.C.); Chula Vista Cardiac Center, Chula Vista, CA (B.B.); Arizona Arrhythmia Consultants, Scottsdale (D.R.); Policlinico Sant' Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Baylor Research Institute, Plano, TX (H.K.); Oklahoma Heart Hospital, Oklahoma City (J.C.); MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Washington, DC (Z.E.); and Medtronic, Mounds View, MN (J.D.L., D.R.L., A.C.)
| | - Edmond Cronin
- From the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.G.T., B.L.W.), and the Lindner Research Center, Cincinnati (E.S.) - both in Ohio; Valley Health System, Ridgewood (S.M.), and Lourdes Cardiology Services, Cherry Hill (D. Sholevar) - both in New Jersey; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden (C.K.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham (R.C.), and WakeMed Heart and Vascular, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh (M.T.S.) - both in North Carolina; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (J.E.P.); Clearwater Cardiovascular and Interventional Consultants, Safety Harbor (J.G.), and Cardiology Associates of Gainesville, Gainesville (S.F.R.) - both in Florida; Saint Thomas Research Institute, Nashville (R.A.P.); Upper Michigan Cardiovascular Associates, Marquette (R.E.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada (F.P.); the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne (J.M.M.), and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool (D.J.W.) - both in the United Kingdom; Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (D. Sorrentino); Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT (E.C.); Chula Vista Cardiac Center, Chula Vista, CA (B.B.); Arizona Arrhythmia Consultants, Scottsdale (D.R.); Policlinico Sant' Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Baylor Research Institute, Plano, TX (H.K.); Oklahoma Heart Hospital, Oklahoma City (J.C.); MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Washington, DC (Z.E.); and Medtronic, Mounds View, MN (J.D.L., D.R.L., A.C.)
| | - Brett Berman
- From the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.G.T., B.L.W.), and the Lindner Research Center, Cincinnati (E.S.) - both in Ohio; Valley Health System, Ridgewood (S.M.), and Lourdes Cardiology Services, Cherry Hill (D. Sholevar) - both in New Jersey; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden (C.K.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham (R.C.), and WakeMed Heart and Vascular, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh (M.T.S.) - both in North Carolina; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (J.E.P.); Clearwater Cardiovascular and Interventional Consultants, Safety Harbor (J.G.), and Cardiology Associates of Gainesville, Gainesville (S.F.R.) - both in Florida; Saint Thomas Research Institute, Nashville (R.A.P.); Upper Michigan Cardiovascular Associates, Marquette (R.E.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada (F.P.); the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne (J.M.M.), and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool (D.J.W.) - both in the United Kingdom; Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (D. Sorrentino); Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT (E.C.); Chula Vista Cardiac Center, Chula Vista, CA (B.B.); Arizona Arrhythmia Consultants, Scottsdale (D.R.); Policlinico Sant' Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Baylor Research Institute, Plano, TX (H.K.); Oklahoma Heart Hospital, Oklahoma City (J.C.); MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Washington, DC (Z.E.); and Medtronic, Mounds View, MN (J.D.L., D.R.L., A.C.)
| | - David Riggio
- From the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.G.T., B.L.W.), and the Lindner Research Center, Cincinnati (E.S.) - both in Ohio; Valley Health System, Ridgewood (S.M.), and Lourdes Cardiology Services, Cherry Hill (D. Sholevar) - both in New Jersey; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden (C.K.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham (R.C.), and WakeMed Heart and Vascular, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh (M.T.S.) - both in North Carolina; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (J.E.P.); Clearwater Cardiovascular and Interventional Consultants, Safety Harbor (J.G.), and Cardiology Associates of Gainesville, Gainesville (S.F.R.) - both in Florida; Saint Thomas Research Institute, Nashville (R.A.P.); Upper Michigan Cardiovascular Associates, Marquette (R.E.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada (F.P.); the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne (J.M.M.), and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool (D.J.W.) - both in the United Kingdom; Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (D. Sorrentino); Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT (E.C.); Chula Vista Cardiac Center, Chula Vista, CA (B.B.); Arizona Arrhythmia Consultants, Scottsdale (D.R.); Policlinico Sant' Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Baylor Research Institute, Plano, TX (H.K.); Oklahoma Heart Hospital, Oklahoma City (J.C.); MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Washington, DC (Z.E.); and Medtronic, Mounds View, MN (J.D.L., D.R.L., A.C.)
| | - Mauro Biffi
- From the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.G.T., B.L.W.), and the Lindner Research Center, Cincinnati (E.S.) - both in Ohio; Valley Health System, Ridgewood (S.M.), and Lourdes Cardiology Services, Cherry Hill (D. Sholevar) - both in New Jersey; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden (C.K.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham (R.C.), and WakeMed Heart and Vascular, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh (M.T.S.) - both in North Carolina; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (J.E.P.); Clearwater Cardiovascular and Interventional Consultants, Safety Harbor (J.G.), and Cardiology Associates of Gainesville, Gainesville (S.F.R.) - both in Florida; Saint Thomas Research Institute, Nashville (R.A.P.); Upper Michigan Cardiovascular Associates, Marquette (R.E.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada (F.P.); the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne (J.M.M.), and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool (D.J.W.) - both in the United Kingdom; Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (D. Sorrentino); Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT (E.C.); Chula Vista Cardiac Center, Chula Vista, CA (B.B.); Arizona Arrhythmia Consultants, Scottsdale (D.R.); Policlinico Sant' Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Baylor Research Institute, Plano, TX (H.K.); Oklahoma Heart Hospital, Oklahoma City (J.C.); MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Washington, DC (Z.E.); and Medtronic, Mounds View, MN (J.D.L., D.R.L., A.C.)
| | - Hafiza Khan
- From the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.G.T., B.L.W.), and the Lindner Research Center, Cincinnati (E.S.) - both in Ohio; Valley Health System, Ridgewood (S.M.), and Lourdes Cardiology Services, Cherry Hill (D. Sholevar) - both in New Jersey; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden (C.K.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham (R.C.), and WakeMed Heart and Vascular, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh (M.T.S.) - both in North Carolina; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (J.E.P.); Clearwater Cardiovascular and Interventional Consultants, Safety Harbor (J.G.), and Cardiology Associates of Gainesville, Gainesville (S.F.R.) - both in Florida; Saint Thomas Research Institute, Nashville (R.A.P.); Upper Michigan Cardiovascular Associates, Marquette (R.E.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada (F.P.); the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne (J.M.M.), and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool (D.J.W.) - both in the United Kingdom; Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (D. Sorrentino); Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT (E.C.); Chula Vista Cardiac Center, Chula Vista, CA (B.B.); Arizona Arrhythmia Consultants, Scottsdale (D.R.); Policlinico Sant' Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Baylor Research Institute, Plano, TX (H.K.); Oklahoma Heart Hospital, Oklahoma City (J.C.); MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Washington, DC (Z.E.); and Medtronic, Mounds View, MN (J.D.L., D.R.L., A.C.)
| | - Marc T Silver
- From the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.G.T., B.L.W.), and the Lindner Research Center, Cincinnati (E.S.) - both in Ohio; Valley Health System, Ridgewood (S.M.), and Lourdes Cardiology Services, Cherry Hill (D. Sholevar) - both in New Jersey; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden (C.K.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham (R.C.), and WakeMed Heart and Vascular, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh (M.T.S.) - both in North Carolina; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (J.E.P.); Clearwater Cardiovascular and Interventional Consultants, Safety Harbor (J.G.), and Cardiology Associates of Gainesville, Gainesville (S.F.R.) - both in Florida; Saint Thomas Research Institute, Nashville (R.A.P.); Upper Michigan Cardiovascular Associates, Marquette (R.E.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada (F.P.); the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne (J.M.M.), and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool (D.J.W.) - both in the United Kingdom; Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (D. Sorrentino); Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT (E.C.); Chula Vista Cardiac Center, Chula Vista, CA (B.B.); Arizona Arrhythmia Consultants, Scottsdale (D.R.); Policlinico Sant' Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Baylor Research Institute, Plano, TX (H.K.); Oklahoma Heart Hospital, Oklahoma City (J.C.); MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Washington, DC (Z.E.); and Medtronic, Mounds View, MN (J.D.L., D.R.L., A.C.)
| | - Jack Collier
- From the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.G.T., B.L.W.), and the Lindner Research Center, Cincinnati (E.S.) - both in Ohio; Valley Health System, Ridgewood (S.M.), and Lourdes Cardiology Services, Cherry Hill (D. Sholevar) - both in New Jersey; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden (C.K.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham (R.C.), and WakeMed Heart and Vascular, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh (M.T.S.) - both in North Carolina; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (J.E.P.); Clearwater Cardiovascular and Interventional Consultants, Safety Harbor (J.G.), and Cardiology Associates of Gainesville, Gainesville (S.F.R.) - both in Florida; Saint Thomas Research Institute, Nashville (R.A.P.); Upper Michigan Cardiovascular Associates, Marquette (R.E.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada (F.P.); the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne (J.M.M.), and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool (D.J.W.) - both in the United Kingdom; Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (D. Sorrentino); Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT (E.C.); Chula Vista Cardiac Center, Chula Vista, CA (B.B.); Arizona Arrhythmia Consultants, Scottsdale (D.R.); Policlinico Sant' Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Baylor Research Institute, Plano, TX (H.K.); Oklahoma Heart Hospital, Oklahoma City (J.C.); MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Washington, DC (Z.E.); and Medtronic, Mounds View, MN (J.D.L., D.R.L., A.C.)
| | - Zayd Eldadah
- From the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.G.T., B.L.W.), and the Lindner Research Center, Cincinnati (E.S.) - both in Ohio; Valley Health System, Ridgewood (S.M.), and Lourdes Cardiology Services, Cherry Hill (D. Sholevar) - both in New Jersey; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden (C.K.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham (R.C.), and WakeMed Heart and Vascular, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh (M.T.S.) - both in North Carolina; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (J.E.P.); Clearwater Cardiovascular and Interventional Consultants, Safety Harbor (J.G.), and Cardiology Associates of Gainesville, Gainesville (S.F.R.) - both in Florida; Saint Thomas Research Institute, Nashville (R.A.P.); Upper Michigan Cardiovascular Associates, Marquette (R.E.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada (F.P.); the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne (J.M.M.), and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool (D.J.W.) - both in the United Kingdom; Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (D. Sorrentino); Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT (E.C.); Chula Vista Cardiac Center, Chula Vista, CA (B.B.); Arizona Arrhythmia Consultants, Scottsdale (D.R.); Policlinico Sant' Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Baylor Research Institute, Plano, TX (H.K.); Oklahoma Heart Hospital, Oklahoma City (J.C.); MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Washington, DC (Z.E.); and Medtronic, Mounds View, MN (J.D.L., D.R.L., A.C.)
| | - David J Wright
- From the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.G.T., B.L.W.), and the Lindner Research Center, Cincinnati (E.S.) - both in Ohio; Valley Health System, Ridgewood (S.M.), and Lourdes Cardiology Services, Cherry Hill (D. Sholevar) - both in New Jersey; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden (C.K.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham (R.C.), and WakeMed Heart and Vascular, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh (M.T.S.) - both in North Carolina; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (J.E.P.); Clearwater Cardiovascular and Interventional Consultants, Safety Harbor (J.G.), and Cardiology Associates of Gainesville, Gainesville (S.F.R.) - both in Florida; Saint Thomas Research Institute, Nashville (R.A.P.); Upper Michigan Cardiovascular Associates, Marquette (R.E.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada (F.P.); the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne (J.M.M.), and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool (D.J.W.) - both in the United Kingdom; Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (D. Sorrentino); Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT (E.C.); Chula Vista Cardiac Center, Chula Vista, CA (B.B.); Arizona Arrhythmia Consultants, Scottsdale (D.R.); Policlinico Sant' Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Baylor Research Institute, Plano, TX (H.K.); Oklahoma Heart Hospital, Oklahoma City (J.C.); MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Washington, DC (Z.E.); and Medtronic, Mounds View, MN (J.D.L., D.R.L., A.C.)
| | - Jeff D Lande
- From the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.G.T., B.L.W.), and the Lindner Research Center, Cincinnati (E.S.) - both in Ohio; Valley Health System, Ridgewood (S.M.), and Lourdes Cardiology Services, Cherry Hill (D. Sholevar) - both in New Jersey; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden (C.K.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham (R.C.), and WakeMed Heart and Vascular, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh (M.T.S.) - both in North Carolina; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (J.E.P.); Clearwater Cardiovascular and Interventional Consultants, Safety Harbor (J.G.), and Cardiology Associates of Gainesville, Gainesville (S.F.R.) - both in Florida; Saint Thomas Research Institute, Nashville (R.A.P.); Upper Michigan Cardiovascular Associates, Marquette (R.E.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada (F.P.); the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne (J.M.M.), and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool (D.J.W.) - both in the United Kingdom; Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (D. Sorrentino); Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT (E.C.); Chula Vista Cardiac Center, Chula Vista, CA (B.B.); Arizona Arrhythmia Consultants, Scottsdale (D.R.); Policlinico Sant' Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Baylor Research Institute, Plano, TX (H.K.); Oklahoma Heart Hospital, Oklahoma City (J.C.); MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Washington, DC (Z.E.); and Medtronic, Mounds View, MN (J.D.L., D.R.L., A.C.)
| | - Daniel R Lexcen
- From the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.G.T., B.L.W.), and the Lindner Research Center, Cincinnati (E.S.) - both in Ohio; Valley Health System, Ridgewood (S.M.), and Lourdes Cardiology Services, Cherry Hill (D. Sholevar) - both in New Jersey; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden (C.K.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham (R.C.), and WakeMed Heart and Vascular, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh (M.T.S.) - both in North Carolina; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (J.E.P.); Clearwater Cardiovascular and Interventional Consultants, Safety Harbor (J.G.), and Cardiology Associates of Gainesville, Gainesville (S.F.R.) - both in Florida; Saint Thomas Research Institute, Nashville (R.A.P.); Upper Michigan Cardiovascular Associates, Marquette (R.E.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada (F.P.); the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne (J.M.M.), and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool (D.J.W.) - both in the United Kingdom; Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (D. Sorrentino); Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT (E.C.); Chula Vista Cardiac Center, Chula Vista, CA (B.B.); Arizona Arrhythmia Consultants, Scottsdale (D.R.); Policlinico Sant' Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Baylor Research Institute, Plano, TX (H.K.); Oklahoma Heart Hospital, Oklahoma City (J.C.); MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Washington, DC (Z.E.); and Medtronic, Mounds View, MN (J.D.L., D.R.L., A.C.)
| | - Alan Cheng
- From the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.G.T., B.L.W.), and the Lindner Research Center, Cincinnati (E.S.) - both in Ohio; Valley Health System, Ridgewood (S.M.), and Lourdes Cardiology Services, Cherry Hill (D. Sholevar) - both in New Jersey; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden (C.K.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham (R.C.), and WakeMed Heart and Vascular, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh (M.T.S.) - both in North Carolina; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (J.E.P.); Clearwater Cardiovascular and Interventional Consultants, Safety Harbor (J.G.), and Cardiology Associates of Gainesville, Gainesville (S.F.R.) - both in Florida; Saint Thomas Research Institute, Nashville (R.A.P.); Upper Michigan Cardiovascular Associates, Marquette (R.E.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada (F.P.); the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne (J.M.M.), and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool (D.J.W.) - both in the United Kingdom; Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (D. Sorrentino); Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT (E.C.); Chula Vista Cardiac Center, Chula Vista, CA (B.B.); Arizona Arrhythmia Consultants, Scottsdale (D.R.); Policlinico Sant' Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Baylor Research Institute, Plano, TX (H.K.); Oklahoma Heart Hospital, Oklahoma City (J.C.); MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Washington, DC (Z.E.); and Medtronic, Mounds View, MN (J.D.L., D.R.L., A.C.)
| | - Bruce L Wilkoff
- From the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (K.G.T., B.L.W.), and the Lindner Research Center, Cincinnati (E.S.) - both in Ohio; Valley Health System, Ridgewood (S.M.), and Lourdes Cardiology Services, Cherry Hill (D. Sholevar) - both in New Jersey; Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden (C.K.); Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham (R.C.), and WakeMed Heart and Vascular, WakeMed Health and Hospitals, Raleigh (M.T.S.) - both in North Carolina; University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle (J.E.P.); Clearwater Cardiovascular and Interventional Consultants, Safety Harbor (J.G.), and Cardiology Associates of Gainesville, Gainesville (S.F.R.) - both in Florida; Saint Thomas Research Institute, Nashville (R.A.P.); Upper Michigan Cardiovascular Associates, Marquette (R.E.); Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec, QC, Canada (F.P.); the Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne (J.M.M.), and Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool (D.J.W.) - both in the United Kingdom; Iowa Heart Center, West Des Moines (D. Sorrentino); Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT (E.C.); Chula Vista Cardiac Center, Chula Vista, CA (B.B.); Arizona Arrhythmia Consultants, Scottsdale (D.R.); Policlinico Sant' Orsola-Malpighi, Bologna, Italy (M.B.); Baylor Research Institute, Plano, TX (H.K.); Oklahoma Heart Hospital, Oklahoma City (J.C.); MedStar Heart and Vascular Institute, Washington, DC (Z.E.); and Medtronic, Mounds View, MN (J.D.L., D.R.L., A.C.)
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Gould J, Klis M, Porter B, Sidhu BS, Sieniewicz BJ, Williams SE, Teall T, Webb J, Shetty A, Gill J, Rinaldi CA. Predictors of mortality and outcomes in transvenous lead extraction for systemic and local infection cohorts. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2018; 42:73-84. [DOI: 10.1111/pace.13542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Gould
- Department of Cardiology, Lower Ground Floor, South Wing; Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences; King's College London; London UK
| | - Magdalena Klis
- Department of Cardiology, Lower Ground Floor, South Wing; Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - Bradley Porter
- Department of Cardiology, Lower Ground Floor, South Wing; Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences; King's College London; London UK
| | - Baldeep S. Sidhu
- Department of Cardiology, Lower Ground Floor, South Wing; Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences; King's College London; London UK
| | - Benjamin J. Sieniewicz
- Department of Cardiology, Lower Ground Floor, South Wing; Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences; King's College London; London UK
| | - Steven E. Williams
- Department of Cardiology, Lower Ground Floor, South Wing; Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences; King's College London; London UK
| | - Thomas Teall
- Department of Cardiology, Lower Ground Floor, South Wing; Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences; King's College London; London UK
| | - Jessica Webb
- Department of Cardiology, Lower Ground Floor, South Wing; Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences; King's College London; London UK
| | - Anoop Shetty
- Department of Cardiology, Lower Ground Floor, South Wing; Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
| | - Jaswinder Gill
- Department of Cardiology, Lower Ground Floor, South Wing; Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences; King's College London; London UK
| | - Christopher A. Rinaldi
- Department of Cardiology, Lower Ground Floor, South Wing; Guy's and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust; London UK
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences; King's College London; London UK
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Al-Hijji MA, Killu AM, Yousefian O, Hodge DO, Park JY, Hebsur S, El Sabbagh A, Pretorius VG, Ackerman MJ, Friedman PA, Birgersdotter-Green U, Cha YM. Outcomes of lead extraction without subsequent device reimplantation. Europace 2018; 19:1527-1534. [PMID: 27707785 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euw184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Outcomes among patients who do not receive device reimplantation after cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) extraction have not been well studied. The present study aims to investigate the outcomes of patients without device reimplantation after lead extraction and device removal. Methods and results We retrospectively searched for consecutive patients who underwent CIED extraction at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN and University of California San Diego Medical Center from 2001 through 2012. Among the patients identified, we compared characteristics of those who did and did not have device reimplantation. The Kaplan-Meier survival was analysed. Among 678 patients, 97 patients had their device extracted without reimplantation during 1-year follow-up ('no-reimplant group'). Median age was younger in the no-reimplant group (60.7 vs. 70.6 years; P < 0.001). The reasons for no reimplantation were as follows: no longer meeting criteria for CIED (48%), inappropriate device indication at initial implantation (23%), patient preference (17%), and unresolved device complications (12%). Three major arrhythmias were reported in the no-reimplant group. Overall survival in the no-reimplant group was significantly lower than in the reimplant group (60 vs. 93%; P < 0.001). Ongoing device-related complications [hazard ratio (HR), 3.91; 95% CI, 1.74-8.81; P = 0.001], infection (HR, 3.06; 95% CI, 1.24-7.52; P = 0.02), and concurrent dialysis (HR, 2.74; 95% CI, 1.12-6.71; P = 0.03) were associated with increased mortality. Of 31 deaths in the no-reimplant group, 1 was secondary to cardiac arrhythmia. Conclusion Fourteen per cent of patients who had device extraction did not undergo reimplantation mainly because they no longer met CIED indications. The high mortality in these patients is related to device complications and comorbid conditions, whereas mortality associated with arrhythmia is rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Al-Hijji
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ammar M Killu
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Omid Yousefian
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of San Diego Medical Center, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - David O Hodge
- Biostatistics Unit, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FA, USA
| | - Jae Yoon Park
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Shrinivas Hebsur
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of San Diego Medical Center, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Abdallah El Sabbagh
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Victor G Pretorius
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of San Diego Medical Center, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Ackerman
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Paul A Friedman
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ulrika Birgersdotter-Green
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of San Diego Medical Center, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yong-Mei Cha
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Keiler J, Schulze M, Sombetzki M, Heller T, Tischer T, Grabow N, Wree A, Bänsch D. Neointimal fibrotic lead encapsulation - Clinical challenges and demands for implantable cardiac electronic devices. J Cardiol 2017; 70:7-17. [PMID: 28583688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2017.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Every tenth patient with a cardiac pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implanted is expected to have at least one lead problem in his lifetime. However, transvenous leads are often difficult to remove due to thrombotic obstruction or extensive neointimal fibrotic ingrowth. Despite its clinical significance, knowledge on lead-induced vascular fibrosis and neointimal lead encapsulation is sparse. Although leadless pacemakers are already available, their clinical operating range is limited. Therefore, lead/tissue interactions must be further improved in order to improve lead removals in particular. The published data on the coherences and issues related to lead associated vascular fibrosis and neointimal lead encapsulation are reviewed and discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Keiler
- Department of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany.
| | - Marko Schulze
- Department of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Martina Sombetzki
- Department for Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas Heller
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tina Tischer
- Heart Center Rostock, Department of Internal Medicine, Divisions of Cardiology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Niels Grabow
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Andreas Wree
- Department of Anatomy, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
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40
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Narducci ML, Di Monaco A, Pelargonio G, Leoncini E, Boccia S, Mollo R, Perna F, Bencardino G, Pennestrì F, Scoppettuolo G, Rebuzzi AG, Santangeli P, Di Biase L, Natale A, Crea F. Presence of 'ghosts' and mortality after transvenous lead extraction. Europace 2017; 19:432-440. [PMID: 27025772 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euw045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The number of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices has increased progressively, leading to an increased need for transvenous lead extraction (TLE) due to device infections. Previous studies described 'ghost' as a post-removal, new, tubular, mobile mass detected by echocardiography following the lead's intracardiac route in the right-sided heart chambers, associated with diagnosis of cardiac device-related infective endocarditis. We aimed to analyse the association between 'ghosts' assessed by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) and mortality in patients undergoing TLE. Methods and results We prospectively enrolled 217 patients (70 ± 13 years; 164 males) undergoing TLE for systemic infection (139), local device infection (67), and lead malfunction (11). All patients underwent TEE before and 48 h after TLE and ICE during TLE. Patients were allocated to two groups: either with (Group 1) or without (Group 2) post-procedural 'ghost'. Mid-term clinical follow-up was obtained in all patients (11 months, IQR 1-34 months). We identified 30 (14%) patients with 'ghost', after TLE. The significant predictors of 'ghost' were Charlson co-morbidity index (HR = 1.24, 95% CI 1.04-1.48, P = 0.03) and diagnosis of endocarditis assessed by ICE (HR = 1.82, 95% CI 1.01-3.29, P = 0.04). Mortality was higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 (28 vs. 5%; log-rank P < 0.001). Independent predictors of mid-term mortality were the presence of 'ghost' and systemic infection as the clinical presentation of device infection (HR = 3.47, 95% CI 1.18-10.18, P = 0.002; HR = 3.39, 95% CI 1.15-9.95, P = 0.001, respectively). Conclusion The presence of 'ghost' could be an independent predictor of mortality after TLE, thus identifying a subgroup of patients who need closer clinical surveillance to promptly detect any complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lucia Narducci
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Monaco
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gemma Pelargonio
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Emanuele Leoncini
- Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Boccia
- Section of Hygiene, Institute of Public Health, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Mollo
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Perna
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Bencardino
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Faustino Pennestrì
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Giuseppe Rebuzzi
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Pasquale Santangeli
- Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, St. David's Medical Center, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Luigi Di Biase
- Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, St. David's Medical Center, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Andrea Natale
- Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, St. David's Medical Center, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Filippo Crea
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Largo A. Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Jacheć W, Tomasik A, Polewczyk A, Kutarski A. Impact of ICD lead on the system durability, predictors of long-term survival following ICD system extraction. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2017; 40:1139-1146. [PMID: 28846144 DOI: 10.1111/pace.13173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) and cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT-D) systems are considered as having higher risk of complication and shorter durability but reasons of this multifactorial phenomenon remain unclear. We aimed to analyze this problem in population of patients with ICD leads referred for lead extraction (TLE). METHODS We have compared TLE indications, procedural results, and defined the long-term outcomes of TLE in patients with ICD/CRT-D devices (n = 482, ICD (+)) with lead extractions in patients with standard pacemakers (n = 1,402, ICD (-)). Demographic, clinical characteristics, and procedural outcomes were ascertained from single, primary operator registry. Long-term survival data were provided by the National Health Fund. RESULTS The ICD (+) subgroup had a significantly higher incidence rate of either infective or noninfective indications for TLE. The clinical success rate of extraction was 99.2% in ICD (+) versus 97.4% in ICD (-) (P = 0.05) at a complication rate of 1.04% versus 2.14% (NS), respectively. In the median follow-up of 3.39 years, 142 patients from the ICD (+) subgroup and 303 from the ICD (-) subgroup died. The highest mortality rate of 41.1% was observed in the ICD (+) subgroup with infective indications. Infection, renal failure, diabetes, and age were the multivariate factors associated with increased mortality in the ICD (+) subgroup. CONCLUSION ICD leads remain more vulnerable, with respect to mechanical failure and their propensity to infection, in comparison to pacing leads. Their TLE is very effective at least complication rate, when performed by a highly skilled and experienced operator. However, long-term mortality after their TLE is high and is affected mostly by infections or patient-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Jacheć
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical Faculty with Dentistry Division in Zabrze, Silesian Medical University, Katowice, Poland
| | - Andrzej Tomasik
- 2nd Department of Cardiology, Medical Faculty with Dentistry Division in Zabrze, Silesian Medical University, Katowice, Poland
| | - Anna Polewczyk
- 2nd Clinical Cardiology Department, Świętokrzyskie Cardiology Center, Kielce, Poland.,Department of Health Sciences, The Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
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2017 HRS expert consensus statement on cardiovascular implantable electronic device lead management and extraction. Heart Rhythm 2017; 14:e503-e551. [PMID: 28919379 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 736] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Diemberger I, Biffi M, Lorenzetti S, Martignani C, Raffaelli E, Ziacchi M, Rapezzi C, Pacini D, Boriani G. Predictors of long-term survival free from relapses after extraction of infected CIED. Europace 2017; 20:1018-1027. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/eux121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Igor Diemberger
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Via Massarenti n. 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Biffi
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Via Massarenti n. 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Lorenzetti
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Via Massarenti n. 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristian Martignani
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Via Massarenti n. 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Raffaelli
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Via Massarenti n. 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matteo Ziacchi
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Via Massarenti n. 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Rapezzi
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Via Massarenti n. 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Davide Pacini
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, S. Orsola Hospital, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna
| | - Giuseppe Boriani
- Institute of Cardiology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Policlinico S.Orsola-Malpighi, Via Massarenti n. 9, 40138, Bologna, Italy
- Cardiology Division, Department of Diagnostics, Clinical and Public Health Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Policlinico di Modena, Modena, Italy
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Oszczygieł E, Kutarski A, Oszczygieł A, Mańkowska-Załuska B, Chudzik M, Wranicz JK, Cygankiewicz I. Risk score to assess mortality risk in patients undergoing transvenous lead extraction. PACING AND CLINICAL ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY: PACE 2017; 40:918-923. [DOI: 10.1111/pace.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Oszczygieł
- Department of Cardiology and Heart Rhythm Disorders; Medical University; Łódź Poland
| | | | | | | | - Michał Chudzik
- Department of Electrocardiology; Medical University; Łódź Poland
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Younis A, Beinart R, Nehoray N, Asher E, Matetzky S, Beigel R, Wieder A, Glikson M, Nof E. Characterization of a previously unrecognized clinical phenomenon: Delayed shock after cardiac implantable electronic device extraction. Heart Rhythm 2017; 14:1552-1558. [PMID: 28552748 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transvenous lead extraction remains a challenging procedure with inherent risk and associated complications. OBJECTIVE We sought to characterize and evaluate predictors of delayed shock after transvenous lead extraction with no intraprocedural complications. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed data of 217 consecutive patients who underwent extraction between 2010 and 2015. The primary end point was sudden onset of shock more than 4 hours after the completion of the procedure. Shock was defined as at least 30 minutes of persistent hypotension, necessitating vasopressors. Patients with mechanical or hemorrhagic shock were excluded. RESULTS Seventeen patients (9%) developed delayed shock during the first 24 hours. Reasons for shock were sepsis (47%) or no apparent cause (53%). In multivariate analysis, patients with delayed shock had significantly lower glomerular filtration rate (median estimated glomerular filtration rate 53 mL/min vs 73 mL/min; P = .001), had more signs of systemic infection before extraction (fever, bacteremia, and leukocytosis; P < .05), and had more lead/tip remnants (29% vs 3%; P < .001). Patients presenting with delayed shock had significantly higher mortality rates at 1-year follow-up (10 [59%] vs 40 [23%], respectively; P < .01). Multivariate analysis adjusted for 1-year mortality risk was 114% higher (hazard ratio 2.14; 95% confidence interval 1.02-4.47; P < .05) in patients presenting with delayed shock. CONCLUSION We describe a previously unrecognized clinical phenomenon of delayed shock developing after extraction. Patients with predictors of this condition at baseline should be identified and followed up closely. Even with prompt treatment, long-term mortality rates remain high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Younis
- Leviev Heart Institute, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Roy Beinart
- Leviev Heart Institute, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nofrat Nehoray
- Emergency Department, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Elad Asher
- Leviev Heart Institute, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shlomy Matetzky
- Leviev Heart Institute, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Roy Beigel
- Leviev Heart Institute, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anat Wieder
- Infectious Department, Sheba Medical Center, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michael Glikson
- Leviev Heart Institute, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Eyal Nof
- Leviev Heart Institute, Sheba Medical Center and Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Azevedo AI, Primo J, Gonçalves H, Oliveira M, Adão L, Santos E, Ribeiro J, Fonseca M, Dias AV, Vouga L, Ribeiro VG. Lead Extraction of Cardiac Rhythm Devices: A Report of a Single-Center Experience. Front Cardiovasc Med 2017; 4:18. [PMID: 28451588 PMCID: PMC5390030 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2017.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction and objectives The rate of implanted cardiac electronic devices is increasing as is the need to manage long-term complications. Lead removal is becoming an effective approach to treat such complications. We present our experience in lead removal using different approaches, analyzing the predictors of the use of mechanical extractors/surgical removal. Methods Retrospective analysis of lead extractions in a series of 76 consecutive patients (mean age 70.4 ± 13.8 years, 73.7% men) between January 2009 and November 2015. Results One hundred thirty-five leads from permanent pacemakers (single chamber 19.7%; dual-chamber 61.8%), implantable cardioverter defibrillators (5.3%), and cardiac resynchronization devices (CRT-P 2.6%; CRT-D 7.9%) were removed, 72.5 ± 73.2 months after implantation. A total of 45.9% were ventricular leads, 40.0% atrial leads, 8.9% defibrillator leads, and 5.2% leads in the coronary sinus; 64.4% had passive fixation. The most common indications for removal were pocket infection (77.8%), infective endocarditis (9.6%), and lead dislodgement (3.7%). A total of 76.3% of the leads were explanted, 20.0% were extracted, and 3.7% were surgically removed. Extraction of the entire lead was achieved in 96.3% of the procedures. After logistic regression (age adjusted), time since implantation was the sole predictor of the need of mechanical extractors/surgical removal. All patients were discharged without major complications. There were no deaths at 30 days. Conclusion Our experience in lead removal was effective and safe. Performing these procedures by experienced electrophysiologists with an adequate cardiothoracic surgery team on standby to cope with any complications is required. Referral of high-risk patients to a high-volume center is recommended to optimize clinical success and minimize procedural complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Azevedo
- Cardiology, Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital Centre, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - João Primo
- Cardiology, Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital Centre, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Helena Gonçalves
- Cardiology, Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital Centre, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Marco Oliveira
- Cardiology, Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital Centre, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Luís Adão
- Cardiology, Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital Centre, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Elisabeth Santos
- Cardiology, Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital Centre, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - José Ribeiro
- Cardiology, Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital Centre, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Marlene Fonseca
- Cardiology, Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital Centre, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Adelaide V Dias
- Cardiology, Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital Centre, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Luís Vouga
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital Centre, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Vasco Gama Ribeiro
- Cardiology, Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho Hospital Centre, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
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Tarakji KG, Ellis CR, Defaye P, Kennergren C. Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infection in Patients at Risk. Arrhythm Electrophysiol Rev 2016; 5:65-71. [PMID: 27403296 DOI: 10.15420/aer.2015.27.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of infection following implantation of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) is increasing at a faster rate than that of device implantation. Patients with a CIED infection usually require hospitalisation and complete device and lead removal. A significant proportion die from their infection. Transvenous lead extraction (TLE) is associated with rare but serious complications including major vascular injury or cardiac perforation. Operator experience and advances in lead extraction methods, including laser technology and rotational sheaths, have resulted in procedures having a low risk of complication and mortality. Strategies for preventing CIED infections include intravenous antibiotics and aseptic surgical techniques. An additional method to reduce CIED infection may be the use of antibacterial TYRX™ envelope. Data from non-randomised cohort studies have indicated that antibacterial envelope use can reduce the incidence of CIED infection by more than 80 % in high-risk patients and a randomised clinical trial is ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher R Ellis
- Vanderbilt Heart and Vascular Institute at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, US
| | - Pascal Defaye
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, La Tronche, France
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Zaca V, Marcucci R, Parodi G, Limbruno U, Notarstefano P, Pieragnoli P, Di Cori A, Bongiorni MG, Casolo G. Management of antithrombotic therapy in patients undergoing electrophysiological device surgery. Europace 2015; 17:840-54. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euu357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Intravascular recovery of electrode fragments as a possible complication of transvenous removal intervention. Int J Cardiol 2014; 177:560-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.08.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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50
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Superior vena cava obstruction as late complication of biventricular pacemaker implantation: Surgical replacement of the malfunctioning previous leads. Int J Cardiol 2014; 176:e83-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.07.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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