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Tang J, Zhang Q, Peng S, Li H, Hu W, Hao M, Liu Y, Sun M, Cao W, Yin N, Liu X, Xu T. Differences in global, regional, and national time trends in disability-adjusted life years for atrial fibrillation and flutter, 1990-2019: an age-period-cohort analysis from the 2019 global burden of disease study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2024; 11:1401722. [PMID: 39267808 PMCID: PMC11390633 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1401722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation and flutter, collectively referred to as AF/AFL, pose substantial public health challenges across nations of different economic statuses. Abjective This research is intended to assess the discrepancies in global, regional, and national trends in DALYs for atrial fibrillation and flutter throughout 1990 and 2019. Methods The GBD 2019 report included statistics on AF/AFL. An age-period-cohort (APC) model was used to calculate the changes in DALYs from ages 30 to 34 years up to 95 + years. The model calculated both net drifts and local drifts in DALYs. In addition, we analysed the relative risks for certain time periods and birth cohorts from 1990 to 2019 in order to assess their impact. In order to measure the changes over time in the age-standardized rate (ASR) of DALYs caused by AF/AFL, we calculated the average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) based on age, gender, socio-demographic index (SDI), and location. This approach enables us to analyse the impact of age, period, and cohort on trends in DALYs, which may uncover disparities in the management of AF/AFL. Results The global number of DALYs cases was 8,393,635 [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 6,693,987 to 10,541,461], indicating a 121.6% rise (95% UI: 111.5 to 132.0) compared to 1990. From 1990 to 2019, the worldwide ASR of DALYs decreased by 2.61% (95% UI -6.9 to 1.3). However, the other SDI quintiles, except for high SDI and high-middle SDI, had an increase. During the last three decades, high-income nations in the Asia Pacific region had the most significant reduction in ASR of DALYs, whereas Central Asia experienced the highest rise (with a net drift of -0.9% [95% Confidence Interval (CI): -1.0 to -0.9] and 0.6% [95% CI: 0.5 to 0.7], respectively). Approximately 50% of the burden of AF/AFL has been transferred from areas with high and high-middle SDI to those with lower SDI. There was an inverse relationship between the AAPC and the SDI. In addition, men and older individuals were shown to have a greater burden of AF/AFL DALYs. Conclusion The findings of this research demonstrate that the worldwide impact of AF/AFL remains significant and increasing, with the burden differing depending on SDI. The exhaustive and comparable estimates provided by these results may contribute to international efforts to attain equitable AF/AFL control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tang
- Department of Scientific Research, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Qingwei Zhang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Key Laboratory Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ministry of Health, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Shengxian Peng
- Department of Scientific Research, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Huan Li
- Chongqing College of Electronic Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Weike Hu
- Department of Scientific Research, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Min Hao
- Department of Scientific Research, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Scientific Research, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Mengyan Sun
- Department of Continuing Education, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Wenzhai Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, China
| | - Niying Yin
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian, China
| | - Xiaozhu Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Te Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Antony Sheron V, Gooden TE, Uruthirakumar P, Shribavan K, Guruparan M, Subaschandren K, Lip GYH, Nirantharakumar K, Thomas GN, Surenthirakumaran R, Kumarendran B, Manaseki-Holland S. The pathway to diagnosis and follow-up care for atrial fibrillation in Sri Lanka: a descriptive longitudinal study. NIHR OPEN RESEARCH 2024; 3:63. [PMID: 39139280 PMCID: PMC11320028 DOI: 10.3310/nihropenres.13497.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Background Early diagnosis and continuity of care is vital for atrial fibrillation (AF), to reduce stroke ; There is a lack of understanding of when and how AF is being diagnosed and managed the care pathway) in in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We aimed to identify the AF care pathway in Northern Province, Sri Lanka and determine how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the care pathway. Methods This descriptive longitudinal study utilised two quantitative questionnaires to evaluate the AF pathway: The first questionnaire (baseline) was used to identify where AF was being diagnosed and the second questionnaire (3 months following baseline) was used to identify where and how often AF follow-up care was being received. How the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the care pathway was asked in the second questionnaire. We aimed to recruit 236 adults (≥18 years) with AF from Jaffna Teaching Hospital. Data were collected between October 2020 and June 2021 and analysed using descriptive statistics. Results 151 participants were recruited (median age 57 years; 70% female). Most participants were diagnosed in the accident & emergency (38%) or inpatient department (26%), followed by an outpatient department (19%) or private facility (16%). Nearly all (97%) participants received follow-up care during the study period, with an average of 1.3 AF-related healthcare visits per person for a month; most visited an outpatient department (88%). The COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted 39% of participants' care: healthcare visits were reduced or, delayed or medications were unattainable, and longer intervals between blood tests were experienced; however, 24% of participants were able to receive their medication by ambulance, public health staff or post during lockdowns. Conclusions Primary care was not involved in the diagnosis of AF, indicating that most diagnoses occurr after a medical emergency. The frequency of blood tests was lower than the guideline recommendations of one per month which could in-part be due to the adverse impacts of the pandemic. Strengthening primary and community-based care may enable early diagnosis and improve continuity of care during and beyond future healthcare crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vethanayagam Antony Sheron
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, Northern Province, 40000, Sri Lanka
| | - Tiffany E. Gooden
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Powsiga Uruthirakumar
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, Northern Province, 40000, Sri Lanka
| | - Kanesamoorthy Shribavan
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, Northern Province, 40000, Sri Lanka
| | - Mahesan Guruparan
- Department of Cardiology, Teaching Hospital Jaffna, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, Northern Province, 40000, Sri Lanka
| | - Kumaran Subaschandren
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, Northern Province, 40000, Sri Lanka
| | - Gregory Y. H. Lip
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, B15 2TT, UK
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England, L2 2QP, UK
- Danish Center for Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg Universitet, Aalborg, North Denmark Region, DK - 9100, Denmark
| | | | - G. Neil Thomas
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rajendra Surenthirakumaran
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, Northern Province, 40000, Sri Lanka
| | - Balachandran Kumarendran
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, Northern Province, 40000, Sri Lanka
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Semira Manaseki-Holland
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, B15 2TT, UK
| | - NIHR Global Health Research Group on Atrial Fibrillation Management
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, Northern Province, 40000, Sri Lanka
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Cardiology, Teaching Hospital Jaffna, University of Jaffna, Jaffna, Northern Province, 40000, Sri Lanka
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England, L2 2QP, UK
- Danish Center for Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg Universitet, Aalborg, North Denmark Region, DK - 9100, Denmark
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Quang Ho TH, Ton MT, Nguyen VL, Pham HM, Hoang SV, Vo NT, Nguyen TQ, Pham LT, Mai TD, Nguyen TH. Selection of Non-vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulant for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Based on Patient Profile: Perspectives from Vietnamese Experts. Part 1. Eur Cardiol 2023; 18:e61. [PMID: 38174217 PMCID: PMC10762681 DOI: 10.15420/ecr.2023.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In Asia, especially Vietnam, AF is a common arrhythmia and is linked to a higher risk of stroke and systemic embolism. Anticoagulation therapy for stroke prevention in AF patients can result in bleeding complications. To effectively manage AF, adopting appropriate anticoagulation and addressing modifiable risk factors are crucial. Vietnamese clinicians are particularly interested in non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs), a recent development in AF treatment. However, the lack of head-to-head trials comparing NOACs makes selecting a specific NOAC challenging. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the available clinical evidence on NOACs for stroke prevention in AF to assist clinicians in making informed decisions and improving treatment outcomes in patients with AF. The first part of this review will present the current landscape of AF in Vietnam, focusing on AF prevalence and highlighting gaps in clinical practice. Furthermore, this part extensively discusses the anticoagulation strategy for both primary and secondary stroke prevention in AF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hung Manh Pham
- Vietnam Heart Institute, Bach Mai HospitalHanoi, Vietnam
- Hanoi Medical UniversityHanoi, Vietnam
| | - Sy Van Hoang
- Cardiovascular Department, Cho Ray HospitalHo Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh CityHo Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nhan Thanh Vo
- Cardiovascular Department, Cho Ray HospitalHo Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Cardiovascular Center, Vinmec HospitalHo Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Linh Tran Pham
- Vietnam Heart Institute, Bach Mai HospitalHanoi, Vietnam
| | - Ton Duy Mai
- Hanoi Medical UniversityHanoi, Vietnam
- Stroke Center, Bach Mai HospitalHanoi, Vietnam
- VNU-University of Medicine and PharmacyHanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thang Huy Nguyen
- Cerebrovascular Disease Department, People’s 115 HospitalHo Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Pham Ngoc Thach University of MedicineHo Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Denas G, Zoppellaro G, Granziera S, Pagliani L, Noventa F, Iliceto S, Pengo V. Very Elderly Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Treated With Edoxaban: Impact of Frailty on Outcomes. JACC. ADVANCES 2023; 2:100569. [PMID: 38939480 PMCID: PMC11198574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2023.100569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Background Age and frailty are associated with underuse of anticoagulation in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Objectives This study aimed at assessing major clinical outcomes in very elderly patients with AF treated with recommended dose edoxaban and look for a possible relation with frailty measured by a validated score. Methods This prospective multicenter cohort study enrolled consecutive very elderly (age ≥80 years) anticoagulation-naïve patients starting recommended doses of edoxaban. Upon entry into the study, patients were categorized into nonfrail, prefrail and frail with the SHARE-FI (Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe-Frailty Index) score. The primary outcome was a composite incidence of stroke/systemic embolism, major bleeding, clinically relevant nonmajor bleeding, and death between frail and fitter patients over 2 years follow-up. Secondary outcomes were frailty-related incidence of the individual components part of the composite outcome. Results Of the 180 screened patients, 176 were enrolled in the study. Of these, 58 (32.9%) were frail, 35 (19.8%) prefrail, and 83 (47.2%) nonfrail. The composite outcome occurred in 49 patients (18.9% per patient-year). No difference in the primary endpoint between frail and fitter patients (incidence rate ratio: 1.2; 95% CI: 0.6-2.2) was observed. On multivariable analysis, anemia was significantly related to the primary outcome (HR: 3.6; 95% CI: 1.8-7.3; P < 0.001), while frailty was not (frail vs nonfrail HR: 0.9; 95% CI: 0.5-1.8). No difference across frailty categories of the individual components of composite events was observed, except for death. Conclusions Anticoagulation with recommended dose edoxaban is feasible in very elderly patients with AF even if frail. (ESCAPE [Edoxaban and Frailty in Senior Individuals]; NCT03524924).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gentian Denas
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, Cardiology Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Cardiology Unit, High Specialization Rehabilitation Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | | | - Serena Granziera
- Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, “Villa Salus” Hospital, Mestre, Italy
| | - Leopoldo Pagliani
- Cardiology Unit, High Specialization Rehabilitation Hospital, Treviso, Italy
| | | | - Sabino Iliceto
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, Cardiology Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Vittorio Pengo
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, Cardiology Clinic, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Koo GPY, Zheng H, Aik JCL, Tan BYQ, Sharma VK, Sia CH, Ong MEH, Ho AFW. Clustering of Environmental Parameters and the Risk of Acute Ischaemic Stroke. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4979. [PMID: 36981888 PMCID: PMC10049712 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20064979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) risk on days with similar environmental profiles remains unknown. We investigated the association between clusters of days with similar environmental parameters and AIS incidence in Singapore. We grouped calendar days from 2010 to 2015 with similar rainfall, temperature, wind speed, and Pollutant Standards Index (PSI) using k-means clustering. Three distinct clusters were formed 'Cluster 1' containing high wind speed, 'Cluster 2' having high rainfall, and 'Cluster 3' having high temperatures and PSI. We aggregated the number of AIS episodes over the same period with the clusters and analysed their association using a conditional Poisson regression in a time-stratified case-crossover design. Comparing the three clusters, Cluster 3 had the highest AIS occurrence (IRR 1.09; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-1.13), with no significant difference between Clusters 1 and 2. Subgroup analyses in Cluster 3 showed that AIS risk was amplified in the elderly (≥65 years old), non-smokers, and those without a history of ischaemic heart disease/atrial fibrillation/vascular heart disease/peripheral vascular disease. In conclusion, we found that AIS incidence may be higher on days with higher temperatures and PSI. These findings have important public health implications for AIS prevention and health services delivery during at-risk days, such as during the seasonal transboundary haze.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Huili Zheng
- National Registry of Diseases Officer, Health Promotion Board, Singapore 168937, Singapore
| | - Joel C. L. Aik
- Environmental Epidemiology and Toxicology Division, Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, Singapore 228231, Singapore
- Pre-Hospital & Emergency Research Center, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Y. Q. Tan
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Vijay K. Sharma
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore 119074, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Ching Hui Sia
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore 119074, Singapore
| | - Marcus E. H. Ong
- Health Services & Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
| | - Andrew F. W. Ho
- Pre-Hospital & Emergency Research Center, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore 169608, Singapore
- Centre of Population Health Research and Implementation, SingHealth Regional Health System, Singapore 168753, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore
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Krittayaphong R, Boonyapiphat T, Aroonsiriwattana S, Ngamjanyaporn P, Lip GYH. Causes of death of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation in Asians. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282455. [PMID: 36857361 PMCID: PMC9977019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the causes of death among Asian non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) patients who were registered in a nationwide AF registry, and to investigate the differences in the causes of death in AF patients compared between those who were taking and not taking oral anticoagulant (OAC). METHODS The COhort of antithrombotic use and Optimal INR Level in patients with non-valvular Atrial Fibrillation in Thailand (COOL-AF) study enrolled non-valvular AF patients from 27 centers in Thailand during 2014-2017 to create the COOL-AF Thailand registry. Cause of death was classified as cardiovascular (CV) death, non-CV death, or undetermined cause of death. All events were evaluated and verified by an independent adjudication committee. RESULTS There was a total of 3,405 patients (mean age: 67.8 years, 41.8% female), and the mean follow-up duration was 31.8±8.7 months. Three hundred and eighty patients (11.2%) died during follow-up. CV death, non-CV death, and undetermined cause accounted for 121 (31.8%), 189 (49.7%), and 70 (18.4%) patients, respectively. Of those with a known cause of death, heart failure (10%), intracranial hemorrhage (ICH; 10%), sudden cardiac death (6.8%), and ischemic stroke (5.8%) were the most often observed causes of death. Concerning non-CV death, infection/sepsis (27.7%), cancer (5.5%), respiratory (5.2%), and major bleeding (4.5%) were the most prevalent causes of death. The use and type of OAC were found to be major determinants of ICH and major bleeding incidence. CONCLUSION Death due to ischemic stroke was responsible for only 4.7% of all deaths in Asian AF patients. Non-CV death, such as infection/sepsis or malignancy, was more far more prevalent than CV death in Asian AF patients. An improved integrated care approach is needed to reduce the prevalence of non-CV death in Asian AF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungroj Krittayaphong
- Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
| | | | | | | | - Gregory Y. H. Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at the University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and the Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Yamashita T, Kimura T, Ikemura N, Niimi N, Tsuzuki I, Seki Y, Ibe S, Hashimoto K, Miyama H, Fujisawa T, Katsumata Y, Tanimoto K, Nagami K, Suzuki M, Kohsaka S, Fukuda K, Takatsuki S. Characteristics and health-status outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation detected via health screening. Clin Cardiol 2022; 46:32-40. [PMID: 36300885 PMCID: PMC9849435 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) is important. Japan has a universal screening system, and regular health screening (HS) is available to support AF detection without a hospital visit. However, health-related outcomes and other characteristics of HS-detected and conventionally diagnosed AF remain unknown. HYPOTHESIS That the characteristics and health-related outcomes of patients with HS-detected AF may differ from those of patients whose AF was detected by other procedures. METHODS In total, 3318 consecutive newly referred AF cases were enrolled; demographic characteristics and health-related and clinical outcomes were compared between two groups created based on the mode of AF detection (the HS and non-HS groups). Health-related outcomes were assessed using the AF Effect on QualiTy-of-life (AFEQT) questionnaire at baseline and after 1 year of follow-up. RESULTS AF was detected by HS in 25.0% of patients; these patients had lower CHADS2 scores (1.01 vs. 1.50, p < .001), higher prevalence of persistent AF (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval; 2.21, 1.88-2.60) and asymptomatic presentation (3.19, 2.71-3.76), and better baseline QoL scores (83.6 vs. 75.0; p < .001). Catheter ablation was more frequently performed in the HS group at follow-up (44.4% vs. 34.1%; p < .001). At 1-year follow-up, the AFEQT scores of the HS group were significantly better in most subdomains. CONCLUSIONS In the Japanese registry, AF was detected via HS in 25% of patients referred to specialty centers for management. Notably, the overall health status of patients with HS-detected AF improved after medical interventions, including catheter ablations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takehiro Kimura
- Department of CardiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Nobuhiro Ikemura
- Department of CardiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Nozomi Niimi
- Department of CardiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Ippei Tsuzuki
- Department of CardiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yuta Seki
- Department of CardiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Susumu Ibe
- Department of CardiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Department of CardiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Miyama
- Department of CardiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Taishi Fujisawa
- Department of CardiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | | | | | | | - Masahiro Suzuki
- Department of CardiologyNational Hospital Organization Saitama HospitalTokyoJapan
| | - Shun Kohsaka
- Department of CardiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of CardiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Seiji Takatsuki
- Department of CardiologyKeio University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
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Ma C, Lin JL, Bai R, Sun Y, Nam GB, Stewart J, Wieloch M, Zhu J. Effect of Dronedarone in the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation in the Asian Population: Post Hoc Analysis of the ATHENA Trial. Clin Ther 2022; 44:1203-1213. [PMID: 35927094 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Limited data are available on the impact of dronedarone treatment in Asian patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) or atrial flutter (AFL). This post hoc analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of dronedarone compared with placebo in populations from Asian and non-Asian regions randomized in the ATHENA trial (A Placebo-Controlled, Double-blind, Parallel Arm Trial to Assess the Efficacy of Dronedarone 400 mg BID for the Prevention of CV Hospitalization or Death From Any Cause in Patients With AF/AFL). METHODS Time to first hospitalization for cardiovascular events or death from any cause (primary outcome) and time to first AF/AFL event recurrence (secondary outcome) were analyzed by Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression. FINDINGS The risk of experiencing the primary composite outcome was significantly lower in the dronedarone-treated patients in both the Asian (hazard ratio = 0.541; 95% CI, 0.320-0.914]) and non-Asian (hazard ratio = 0.768; 95% CI, 0.696-0.848) populations than in the placebo-treated patients. The median time to the first AF/AFL event recurrence was longer in the dronedarone-treated population than in the placebo-treated populations: 183 vs 92 days (P = 0.165) in the Asian population and 534 vs 196 days (P < 0.001) in the non-Asian population. Treatment-emergent adverse events in Asian (81.2% vs 78.4%) and non-Asian (71.4% vs 68.7%) populations and serious treatment-emergent adverse events in Asian (14.3% vs 15.7%) and non-Asian (20.3% vs 21.5%) patients were comparable in patients taking dronedarone compared with those taking placebo. IMPLICATION Efficacy and tolerability of dronedarone were consistent in the Asian population compared with the non-Asian population in the ATHENA trial. These finding may aid Asian health care professionals to select the appropriate first-line treatment for Asian patients with AF/AFL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changsheng Ma
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing
| | - Jiunn-Lee Lin
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
| | - Rong Bai
- Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Clinical Research Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, Beijing
| | - Yihong Sun
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing
| | | | | | - Mattias Wieloch
- Sanofi, Paris; Center for Thrombosis and Haemostasis, Lund University, Malmö.
| | - Jun Zhu
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing
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9
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Liu PY, Choi EK, Kim TS, Kuo JY, Lee JM, On YK, Park SW, Park HW, Shin DG, Wang L, Yen HW, Lee MH. XaMINA: A Real-World, Prospective, Observational Study of Treatment-Naïve Patients Treated with Rivaroxaban for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation in Asia. Adv Ther 2022; 39:3316-3333. [PMID: 35616848 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-022-02102-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism have been demonstrated in Asian and non-Asian patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) in multiple studies. However, limited published data exist on its use specifically in treatment-naïve patients from the Asia region. Patients in South Korea and Taiwan can now receive rivaroxaban as first-line therapy, allowing for data generation in this patient group. METHODS XaMINA was a prospective, real-world, multicenter, single-arm, observational cohort study of patients with NVAF in South Korea and Taiwan naïve to anticoagulation and initiating rivaroxaban. The primary outcome was major bleeding; secondary outcomes included all-cause mortality, symptomatic thromboembolic events, and treatment persistence. RESULTS In total, 1094 patients were included and the follow-up was 1 year. The baseline mean CHADS2 score was 1.63 ± 0.98, mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 2.92 ± 1.42, and mean HAS-BLED score was 1.00 ± 0.75. The primary outcome occurred in 20 (1.8%) patients [incidence rate 2.1 events per 100 patient-years (95% CI 1.35-3.25)]. Thromboembolic events occurred in 9 (0.8%) patients, of whom 5 (0.5%) had stroke, 3 (0.3%) myocardial infarction, and 1 (0.1%) a transient ischemic attack. There were no cases of non-central nervous system systemic embolism, and 735 (67.2%) patients persisted with rivaroxaban treatment for 1 year. CONCLUSION XaMINA demonstrated low incidence rates of major bleeding events and thromboembolic events in patients with NVAF newly initiating rivaroxaban in South Korea and Taiwan, consistent with previous real-world studies reconfirming the results of the ROCKET AF study. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier NCT03284762) on 15 September 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping-Yen Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Eue-Keun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Seok Kim
- The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jen-Yuan Kuo
- Division of Cardiology, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jung Myung Lee
- Kyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Keun On
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Dong-Gu Shin
- Yeungnam University Medical Center, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Lili Wang
- Bayer (South East Asia) Pte Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Moon-Hyoung Lee
- Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Sinchon-dong, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Pacheco C, Mullen KA, Coutinho T, Jaffer S, Parry M, Van Spall HG, Clavel MA, Edwards JD, Sedlak T, Norris CM, Dhukai A, Grewal J, Mulvagh SL. The Canadian Women's Heart Health Alliance Atlas on the Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Cardiovascular Disease in Women - Chapter 5: Sex- and Gender-Unique Manifestations of Cardiovascular Disease. CJC Open 2022; 4:243-262. [PMID: 35386135 PMCID: PMC8978072 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This Atlas chapter summarizes sex- and some gender-associated, and unique aspects and manifestations of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in women. CVD is the primary cause of premature death in women in Canada and numerous sex-specific differences related to symptoms and pathophysiology exist. A review of the literature was done to identify sex-specific differences in symptoms, pathophysiology, and unique manifestations of CVD in women. Although women with ischemic heart disease might present with chest pain, the description of symptoms, delay between symptom onset and seeking medical attention, and prodromal symptoms are often different in women, compared with men. Nonatherosclerotic causes of angina and myocardial infarction, such as spontaneous coronary artery dissection are predominantly identified in women. Obstructive and nonobstructive coronary artery disease, aortic aneurysmal disease, and peripheral artery disease have worse outcomes in women compared with men. Sex differences exist in valvular heart disease and cardiomyopathies. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is more often diagnosed in women, who experience better survival after a heart failure diagnosis. Stroke might occur across the lifespan in women, who are at higher risk of stroke-related disability and age-specific mortality. Sex- and gender-unique differences exist in symptoms and pathophysiology of CVD in women. These differences must be considered when evaluating CVD manifestations, because they affect management and prognosis of cardiovascular conditions in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Pacheco
- Hôpital Pierre-Boucher, Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CHUM), Longueuil, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kerri-Anne Mullen
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, Canadian Women’s Heart Health Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thais Coutinho
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, Canadian Women’s Heart Health Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shahin Jaffer
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Monica Parry
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Marie-Annick Clavel
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec - Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jodi D. Edwards
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiac Prevention and Rehabilitation, Canadian Women’s Heart Health Centre, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tara Sedlak
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Colleen M. Norris
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Abida Dhukai
- Lawrence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jasmine Grewal
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sharon L. Mulvagh
- Division of Cardiology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Zawawi NA, Abdul Halim Zaki I, Ming LC, Goh HP, Zulkifly HH. Anticoagulation Control in Different Ethnic Groups Receiving Vitamin K Antagonist for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:736143. [PMID: 34869639 PMCID: PMC8635010 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.736143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K antagonist such as warfarin reduces the risk of stroke in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients. Since warfarin has a narrow therapeutic index, its administration needs to be regularly monitored to avoid any adverse clinical outcomes such as stroke and bleeding. The quality of anticoagulation control with warfarin therapy can be measured by using time in therapeutic range (TTR). This review focuses on the prevalence of AF, quality of anticoagulation control (TTR) and adverse clinical outcome in AF patients within different ethnic groups receiving warfarin therapy for stroke prevention. A literature search was conducted in Embase and PubMed using keywords of “prevalence,” “atrial fibrillation,” “stroke prevention,” “oral anticoagulants,” “warfarin,” “ethnicities,” “race” “time in therapeutic range,” “adverse clinical outcome,” “stroke, bleeding.” Articles published by 1st February 2020 were included. Forty-one studies were included in the final review consisting of AF prevalence (n = 14 studies), time in therapeutic range (n = 18 studies), adverse clinical outcome (n = 9 studies) within different ethnic groups. Findings indicate that higher prevalence of AF but better anticoagulation control among the Whites as compared to other ethnicities. Of note, non-whites had higher risk of strokes and bleeding outcomes while on warfarin therapy. Addressing disparities in prevention and healthcare resource allocation could potentially improve AF-related outcomes in minorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Azyyati Zawawi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Fakulti Farmasi, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Izzati Abdul Halim Zaki
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Fakulti Farmasi, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia.,Cardiology Therapeutics Research Group, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
| | - Long Chiau Ming
- Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah (PAPRSB) Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
| | - Hui Poh Goh
- Pengiran Anak Puteri Rashidah Sa'adatul Bolkiah (PAPRSB) Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, Brunei
| | - Hanis Hanum Zulkifly
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Fakulti Farmasi, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia.,Cardiology Therapeutics Research Group, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Bandar Puncak Alam, Malaysia
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12
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Hsieh HL, Kao CW, Cheng SM, Chang YC. A Web-Based Integrated Management Program for Improving Medication Adherence and Quality of Life, and Reducing Readmission in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e30107. [PMID: 34550084 PMCID: PMC8495568 DOI: 10.2196/30107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Atrial fibrillation (AF) is related to a variety of chronic diseases and life-threatening complications. It is estimated that by 2050, there will be 72 million patients with AF in Asia, of which 2.9 million will have AF-associated stroke. AF has become a major issue for health care systems. OBJECTIVE We aimed to evaluate the effects of a web-based integrated management program on improving coping strategies, medication adherence, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in patients with AF, and to detect the effect on decreasing readmission events. METHODS The parallel-group, single-blind, prospective randomized controlled trial recruited patients with AF from a medical center in northern Taiwan and divided them randomly into intervention and control groups. Patients in the intervention group received the web-based integrated management program, whereas those in the control group received usual care. The measurement tools included the Brief Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE) scale, Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS), the three-level version of the EuroQoL five-dimension self-report questionnaire (EQ-5D-3L), and readmission events 2 years after initiating the intervention. Data were collected at 4 instances (baseline, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months after initiating the intervention), and analyzed with generalized estimating equations (GEEs). RESULTS A total of 231 patients were recruited and allocated into an intervention (n=115) or control (n=116) group. The mean age of participants was 73.08 (SD 11.71) years. Most participants were diagnosed with paroxysmal AF (171/231, 74%), and the most frequent comorbidity was hypertension (162/231, 70.1%). Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed significantly greater improvement in approach coping strategies, medication adherence, and HRQoL at 1, 3, and 6 months (all P<.05). In addition, the intervention group showed significantly fewer readmission events within 2 years (OR 0.406, P=.03), compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS The web-based integrated management program can significantly improve patients' coping strategy and medication adherence. Therefore, it can empower patients to maintain disease stability, which is a major factor in improving their HRQoL and reducing readmission events within 2 years. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04813094; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04813094.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ling Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wen Kao
- School of Nursing, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Meng Cheng
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Cune Chang
- Department of Mathematics, Tamkang University, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Krittayaphong R, Phrommintikul A, Winijkul A, Methavigul K, Komoltri C, Kaewkumdee P, Yindeengam A. Influence of gender on the clinical outcomes of Asian non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients: insights from the prospective multicentre COOL-AF registry. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e043862. [PMID: 33958338 PMCID: PMC8103947 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effect of gender on clinical outcomes of Asian non-valvular atrial fibrillation patients. DESIGN This is a cohort study. SETTING 27 university and regional hospitals in Thailand. PARTICIPANTS Patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES MEASURES The clinical outcomes were ischaemic stroke/transient ischaemic attack (TIA), major bleeding, intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH), heart failure and death. Follow-up data were recorded every 6 months until 3 years. Differences in clinical outcomes between males and females were determined. Multivariate analysis was performed to assess the effect of gender on clinical outcomes. Survival analysis and log-rank test were performed to determine the time-dependent effect of clinical outcomes, and the difference between males and females. Effect of oral anticoagulant (OAC) on outcomes and net clinical benefit of OAC was assessed. The analysis was performed both for the whole dataset and propensity score matching with multiple imputation. RESULTS A total of 3402 patients (mean age: 67.4±11.3 years; 58.2% male) were included. Average follow-up duration 25.7±10.6 months (7192.6 persons-year). Rate of ischaemic stroke/TIA, major bleeding, ICH, heart failure and death were 1.43 (1.17-1.74), 2.11 (1.79-2.48), 0.70 (0.52-0.92), 3.03 (2.64-3.46) and 3.77 (3.33-4.25) per 100 person-years. Females had increased risk for ischaemic stroke/TIA and heart failure and males had increased risk for major bleeding and ICH. Ischaemic stroke/TIA risk in females and major bleeding and ICH risk in males remained even after correction for age, comorbid conditions and anticoagulation treatment. OAC reduced the risk of ischaemic stroke/TIA in males and females, and markedly increased the risk of major bleeding and ICH in males. CONCLUSIONS Females had a higher risk of ischaemic stroke/TIA and heart failure, and a lower risk of major bleeding and ICH compared with males. OAC reduced risk of ischaemic stroke/TIA in females, and markedly increased risk of major bleeding and ICH in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungroj Krittayaphong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Arintaya Phrommintikul
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Arjbordin Winijkul
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Chulalak Komoltri
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pontawee Kaewkumdee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ahthit Yindeengam
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Mahidol University Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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14
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Li X, Pathadka S, Man KKC, Ng VWS, Siu CW, Wong ICK, Chan EW, Lau WCY. Comparative Outcomes Between Direct Oral Anticoagulants, Warfarin, and Antiplatelet Monotherapy Among Chinese Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Drug Saf 2020; 43:1023-1033. [DOI: 10.1007/s40264-020-00961-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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15
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Ikemura N, Spertus JA, Kimura T, Mahaffey K, Piccini JP, Inohara T, Ueda I, Tanimoto K, Suzuki M, Nakamura I, Akaishi M, Mitamura H, Fukuda K, Takatsuki S, Kohsaka S. Cohort profile: patient characteristics and quality-of-life measurements for newly-referred patients with atrial fibrillation-Keio interhospital Cardiovascular Studies-atrial fibrillation (KiCS-AF). BMJ Open 2019; 9:e032746. [PMID: 31857312 PMCID: PMC6936990 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Besides the high rates of morbidity and mortality, atrial fibrillation (AF) is also associated with impairment of quality-of-life (QOL). However, reports covering non-selected AF population within Asian countries remain scarce. The objective of the Keio interhospital Cardiovascular Studies-atrial fibrillation (KiCS-AF) registry is to clarify the baseline and QOL profiles of the AF patients at the time of initial referral to identify areas for improvement and country-specific gaps. PARTICIPANTS The KiCS-AF registry is a multicentre, prospective cohort study designed to specifically recruit AF patients newly referred to the 11 network hospitals within the Kanto area of Japan. The registry completed its enrolment in June 2018. All patients were requested to answer the Atrial Fibrillation Effect on Quality-of-Life (AFEQT) questionnaire both at baseline and 1 year, with planned clinical follow-up for 5 years. The registry also assessed individual treatment strategies including rate and rhythm control, stroke prophylaxis, and their impacts on patient-reported QOL. FINDINGS TO DATE As of December 2016, 2464 AF patients were registered; their mean age was 67.1 years (SD, 11.7), majority (69.7%; n=1717) were men and 49.2% presented with paroxysmal AF. The mean CHA2DS2-VASc (cardiac failure or dysfunction, hypertension, age ≥75 years, diabetes, stroke including vascular disease, age 65-74 years, and sex category [female]) score was 2.3 (SD, 1.6) and oral anticoagulant therapy was used for 88.6% of patients with CHA2DS2-VASc scores ≥2. The median AFEQT-overall summary score was 79.1 (IQR, 66.6-89.1). Roughly 50% had significantly impaired QOL (ie, AFEQT <80) at baseline. Currently, 2307 eligible patients (93.6%) have completed the 1-year follow-up, of which 2072 patients (89.8%) answered the second AFEQT questionnaire. FUTURE PLANS The KiCS-AF allowed for extensive investigation of AF-related QOL in a non-selected population with long-term follow-up using a rigorously validated QOL assessment tool. Almost half of patients had impaired QOL at baseline. Further investigations aimed at providing care and improving patient-reported QOL are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiro Ikemura
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - John A Spertus
- Cardiovascular Research, Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Takehiro Kimura
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenneth Mahaffey
- Stanford Center for Clinical Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jonathan P Piccini
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Taku Inohara
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Division of Cardiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ikuko Ueda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kojiro Tanimoto
- Department of Cardiology, National Hospital Organisation Tokyo Medical Center, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Suzuki
- Department of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Saitama Hospital, Wako, Japan
| | - Iwao Nakamura
- Department of Cardiology, Hino Shiritsu Byoin, Hino, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Akaishi
- Department of Cardiology, Tokai University Tokyo Hospital, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Mitamura
- Department of Cardiology, Tachikawa Hospital, Tachikawa, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiichi Fukuda
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Seiji Takatsuki
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shun Kohsaka
- Department of Cardiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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16
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Miyazawa K, Ogawa H, Mazurek M, Shantsila E, Lane DA, Wolff A, Akao M, Lip GYH. Guideline-Adherent Treatment for Stroke and Death in Atrial Fibrillation Patients From UK and Japanese AF Registries. Circ J 2019; 83:2434-2442. [PMID: 31694989 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-19-0546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guideline-adherent antithrombotic treatment (ATT) reduces the risk of stroke and death in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the effect of ATT adherence among different ethnicities remains uncertain. We compared the prognosis of AF patients in Japan and the UK according to guideline adherence status.Methods and Results:We compared the clinical characteristics and outcomes of AF patients from the Fushimi AF registry (Japan; n=4,239) and the Darlington AF registry (UK; n=2,259). ATT adherence was assessed against the Japanese Circulation Society Guidelines and UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines. The rates of guideline-adherent ATT were 58.6% and 50.8% in the Fushimi and Darlington registries, respectively. There was no significant difference in 1-year stroke rates between Fushimi and Darlington (2.6% vs. 3.0%, P=0.342). On multivariate logistic regression analysis, non-guideline adherent-ATT was significantly associated with an increased risk of stroke (odds ratio [OR]: 1.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.21-2.34, P=0.002 for undertreatment, OR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.19-3.80, P=0.010 for overtreatment). No significant interaction for ATT and the 2 populations was found in the incidence of stroke, all-cause death, and the composite outcome. CONCLUSIONS Approximately half of the AF patients received optimal ATT according to guideline recommendations, which was associated with a lower risk of stroke. Furthermore, there was no interaction for the 2 populations and the influence of ATT adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Miyazawa
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham
| | - Hisashi Ogawa
- Department of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center
| | - Michał Mazurek
- Department of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Diseases and Electrotherapy, Silesian Centre for Heart Diseases
| | | | - Deirdre A Lane
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham.,Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital.,Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University
| | - Andreas Wolff
- Whinfield Medical Practice.,Division of Family Practice, Chilliwack General Hospital
| | - Masaharu Akao
- Department of Cardiology, National Hospital Organization Kyoto Medical Center
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham.,Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital.,Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University
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17
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Should Every Patient With Atrial Fibrillation and a CHA2DS2-VASc Score of 1 Be Anticoagulated? A Systematic Review of 37,030 Patients. Cardiol Rev 2019; 27:249-255. [DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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18
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Kampouraki E, Kamali F. Pharmacogenetics of anticoagulants used for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2019; 15:449-458. [PMID: 31120800 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2019.1623878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The inclusion of pharmacogenetics alongside clinical information in anticoagulant therapy offers the opportunity for a tailored approach to treatment according to individual patient characteristics. Areas covered: Literature was searched using PubMed database, focusing on pharmacogenetics of oral anticoagulants. Original research articles and review articles in English language were included in the literature reviewed. This article includes all information available for the genetic cause of inter-individual variability in anticoagulation response to oral anticoagulant drugs. The pharmacogenetics of VKAs and NOACs are described in detail. Expert opinion: There have been numerous studies focusing on the pharmacogenetics of VKAs, particularly warfarin. Current evidence suggests that known genetic and clinical factors explain a large proportion of the inter-individual variability in response to warfarin. Pharmacogenetic-based algorithms have been validated to determine their clinical utility with equivocal results. To date, only a limited number of mostly small studies on the pharmacogenetics of NOACs exists. The latter have highlighted genetic polymorphisms in specific genes that may affect clinical outcomes. Further evaluations of these polymorphisms are needed before firm conclusions can be drawn about the significance of pharmacogenetics on NOAC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanouela Kampouraki
- a Institute of Cellular Medicine within Faculty of Medical Sciences , Newcastle University , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
| | - Farhad Kamali
- b Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, NHS Foundation Trust , Newcastle upon Tyne , UK
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19
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Ding WY, Khan AA, Gupta D, Lip GYH. Short-Term Outcomes in Newly Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation and Chronic Kidney Disease: How Important Is Ethnicity? J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e011953. [PMID: 30717613 PMCID: PMC6405578 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.119.011953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
See Article by Goto et al.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wern Yew Ding
- 1 Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital Liverpool United Kingdom
| | - Ahsan A Khan
- 1 Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital Liverpool United Kingdom
| | - Dhiraj Gupta
- 1 Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital Liverpool United Kingdom
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- 1 Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science University of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital Liverpool United Kingdom.,2 Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit Department of Clinical Medicine Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark
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20
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Contemporary trend of reduced-dose non-vitamin K anticoagulants in Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation: A cross-sectional analysis of a multicenter outpatient registry. J Cardiol 2019; 73:14-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Lee WC, Fang CY, Chen YL, Fang HY, Chen HC, Liu WH, Fu M, Chen MC. Left Atrial or Left Atrial Appendage Thrombus Resolution After Adjustment of Oral Anticoagulant Treatment. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2018; 28:90-96. [PMID: 30301596 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are few reports about non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant (NOAC) treatment for resolution of left atrium (LA) or left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombus. LAA thrombus is an important cause of cardiogenic cerebral thromboembolism, and the detection rate increases due to more and more patients receiving catheter ablation. However, the results from NOAC use for LA or LAA thrombus are still unknown in real-world practice. The aim of this study was to discover the resolution of LA or LAA thrombus after anticoagulant treatment in real-world practice. METHOD From January 2013 to December 2016, a total 864 patients underwent transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and 41 cases of LA or LAA thrombus were detected in our hospital. Among them, a total of 22 patients underwent follow-up TEE to detect the resolution of LA or LAA thrombus. RESULT The average age of the study patients was 72.0 ± 11 years old, and 61% were male. The average CHA2DS2-VASc scores were 3.76 ± 2.01 points. A total of 22 patients underwent follow-up TEE, and 19 (86.4%) patients presented LA or LAA thrombus resolution. The average resolution duration was 258.47 ± 218.17 days. One-year all-cause mortality was 4.9%, and the incidence of ischemic stroke was 4.9%. Most physicians favored titration of the dosage of NOAC or warfarin in real-world practice. CONCLUSION In real-world practice, most physicians favored titration of the dosage of NOAC or warfarin for LA or LAA thrombus. LA or LAA thrombus could exist if the patient received a reduced dose of NOAC. High frequency of LAA or LA thrombi could resolve, and a low incidence of ischemic stroke occurred after adjustment of oral anticoagulant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chieh Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chih-Yuan Fang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yung-Lung Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsiu-Yu Fang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Huang-Chung Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hao Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Morgan Fu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Mien-Cheng Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Krittayaphong R, Winijkul A, Methavigul K, Wongtheptien W, Wongvipaporn C, Wisaratapong T, Kunjara-Na-Ayudhya R, Boonyaratvej S, Komoltri C, Kaewcomdee P, Yindeengam A, Sritara P. Risk profiles and pattern of antithrombotic use in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation in Thailand: a multicenter study. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2018; 18:174. [PMID: 30144802 PMCID: PMC6109333 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-018-0911-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Anticoagulation therapy is a standard treatment for stroke prevention in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) that have risk factors for stroke. However, anticoagulant increases the risk of bleeding, especially in Asians. We aimed to investigate the risk profiles and pattern of antithrombotic use in patients with NVAF in Thailand, and to study the reasons for not using warfarin in this patient population. Methods A nationwide multicenter registry of patients with NVAF was created that included data from 24 hospitals located across Thailand. Demographic data, atrial fibrillation-related data, comorbid conditions, use of antithrombotic drugs, and reasons for not using warfarin were collected. Data were recorded in a case record form and then transferred into a web-based system. Results A total of 3218 patients were included. Average age was 67.3 ± 11.3 years, and 58.2% were male. Average CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc, and HAS-BLED score was 1.8 ± 1.3, 3.0 ± 1.7, and 1.5 ± 1.0, respectively. Antiplatelet was used in 26.5% of patients, whereas anticoagulant was used in 75.3%. The main reasons for not using warfarin in those with CHA2DS2-VASc ≥2 included already taking antiplatelet (26.6%), patient preference (23.1%), and using non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) (22.7%). Anticoagulant was used in 32.3% of CHA2DS2-VASc 0, 56.8% of CHA2DS2-VASc 1, and 81.6% of CHA2DS2-VASc ≥2. The use of NOACs increased from 1.9% in 2014 to 25.6% in 2017. Conclusions Anticoagulation therapy was prescribed in 75.3% of patients with NVAF. Among those receiving anticoagulant, 90.9% used warfarin and 9.1% used NOACs. The use of NOACs increased over time. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12872-018-0911-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungroj Krittayaphong
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
| | - Arjbordin Winijkul
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Komsing Methavigul
- Department of Cardiology, Central Chest Institute of Thailand, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Chulalak Komoltri
- Department of Research Promotion, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pontawee Kaewcomdee
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Ahthit Yindeengam
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand
| | - Piyamitr Sritara
- Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Kim Y, Shim J, Tsai C, Wang C, Vilela G, Muengtaweepongsa S, Kurniawan M, Maskon O, Li Fern H, Nguyen TH, Thanachartwet T, Sim K, Camm AJ. XANAP: A real-world, prospective, observational study of patients treated with rivaroxaban for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation in Asia. J Arrhythm 2018; 34:418-427. [PMID: 30167013 PMCID: PMC6111488 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND ROCKET AF and its East Asian subanalysis demonstrated that rivaroxaban was non-inferior to warfarin for stroke/systemic embolism (SE) prevention in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), with a favorable benefit-risk profile. XANAP investigated the safety and effectiveness of rivaroxaban in routine care in Asia-Pacific. METHODS XANAP was a prospective, real-world, observational study in patients with NVAF newly starting rivaroxaban. Patients were followed at ~3-month intervals for 1 year, or for ≥30 days after permanent discontinuation. Primary outcomes were major bleeding events, adverse events (AEs), serious AEs and all-cause mortality; secondary outcomes included stroke/SE. Major outcomes were adjudicated centrally. RESULTS XANAP enrolled 2273 patients from 10 countries: mean age was 70.5 years and 58.1% were male. 49.8% of patients received rivaroxaban 20 mg once daily (od), 43.8% 15 mg od and 5.9% 10 mg od. Mean treatment duration was 296 days, and 72.8% of patients had received prior anticoagulation therapy. Co-morbidities included heart failure (20.1%), hypertension (73.6%), diabetes mellitus (26.6%), prior stroke/non-central nervous system SE/transient ischemic attack (32.8%) and myocardial infarction (3.8%). Mean CHADS2, CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores were 2.3, 3.7 and 2.1, respectively. The rates (events/100 patient-years [95% confidence interval]) of treatment-emergent major bleeding, stroke and all-cause mortality were 1.5 (1.0-2.1), 1.7 (1.2-2.5) and 2.0 (1.4-2.7), respectively. Persistence was 66.2% at the study end. CONCLUSIONS The real-world XANAP study demonstrated low rates of stroke and bleeding in rivaroxaban-treated patients with NVAF from Asia-Pacific. The results were consistent with the real-world XANTUS study and ROCKET AF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaemin Shim
- Korea University Medical CentreSeoulSouth Korea
| | | | - Chun‐Chieh Wang
- Chang Gung Memorial HospitalChang Gung UniversityTaoyuanTaiwan
| | | | | | - Mohammad Kurniawan
- Department of NeurologyFaculty of MedicineCipto Mangunkusumo National HospitalUniversitas IndonesiaJakartaIndonesia
| | - Oteh Maskon
- Department of MedicineNational University of Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC)Kuala LumpurMalaysia
| | - Hsu Li Fern
- Novena Heart CentreMount Elizabeth Novena Specialist CentreSingapore CitySingapore
| | - Thang Huy Nguyen
- Neurology DepartmentPham Ngoc Thach Medical UniversityHo Chi Minh CityVietnam
| | | | - Kenneth Sim
- Bayer (South East Asia) Pte LtdSingapore CitySingapore
| | - A. John Camm
- Cardiology Clinical Academic Group St. George'sUniversity of London and Imperial CollegeLondonUK
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Sex-Based Differences in Outcomes of Oral Anticoagulation in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018; 72:271-282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.04.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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The size of the renal artery orifice contributes to laterality of acute renal infarction. Clin Exp Nephrol 2018; 22:1128-1132. [PMID: 29572750 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-018-1566-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute renal infarction (ARI) is a rare disease with atrial fibrillation being its main cause. The possible laterality of ARI is controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the association between anatomical features of the renal arteries and ARI. METHODS This was a single-center cross-sectional study that evaluated the anatomical and clinical features of renal arteries. The anatomical features of the renal arteries were assessed using computed tomography. RESULTS A total of 46 patients (mean age 71.3 ± 14.0 years; men, 59%) were enrolled. ARI involved the left kidney in 63%, right kidney in 28%, and both kidneys in 9% of patients. The right renal artery orifice was often higher than that of the left renal artery (71%). The angle of divergence from the abdominal aorta was similar on both sides. The left renal artery orifice was larger than that of the right (83 ± 24, 72 ± 24 mm2; p = 0.03, respectively). A larger left orifice was present in 72% of all cases. ARI involved the side with the larger orifice in 64% of patients. CONCLUSION The size of the renal artery orifice may be a factor that contributes to the laterality of ARI. Assessment of anatomical features is important when considering the laterality of the disease.
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Kohsaka S, Murata T, Izumi N, Katada J, Wang F, Terayama Y. Bleeding risk of apixaban, dabigatran, and low-dose rivaroxaban compared with warfarin in Japanese patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: a propensity matched analysis of administrative claims data. Curr Med Res Opin 2017; 33:1955-1963. [PMID: 28857611 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2017.1374935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is scarce evidence comparing novel oral anticoagulants (NOACs) with warfarin in real-world settings in Japan. This study compared the risk of bleeding events among patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) initiating treatment with NOACs versus warfarin. METHODS A retrospective cohort study was conducted using a de-identified electronic health record based database of health claims and Diagnosis Procedure Combination data from 275 consenting hospitals in Japan. NVAF patients newly initiated on oral anticoagulants were eligible. Based on the first prescription, patients were assigned to 5/2.5 mg BID apixaban, 150/110 mg BID dabigatran, 15/10 mg QD rivaroxaban (approved dose lower in Japan compared to Western countries [20/15 mg QD]) or warfarin groups. One-to-one propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance patient characteristics between warfarin and each NOAC. Patients were followed up to 1 year post-first prescription. RESULTS Among 38,662 eligible patients, a total of 5977, 5090, and 6726 matched pairs were identified for warfarin versus apixaban, warfarin versus dabigatran, and warfarin versus rivaroxaban, respectively after PSM. Compared to warfarin, apixaban (hazard ratio [HR] 0.586; 95% CI 0.421-0.815), dabigatran (HR 0.617; 0.425-0.895) and rivaroxaban (HR 0.693; 0.514-0.933) were associated with a significantly lower risk of major bleeding. The risk of any bleeding was significantly lower for apixaban (HR 0.782; 0.682-0.896), but not for dabigatran (HR 0.988; 0.860-1.135) or rivaroxaban (HR 0.938; 0.832-1.057) when comparing to warfarin. CONCLUSIONS Among Japanese patients with NVAF, treatment with apixaban 5/2.5 mg BID was associated with a significantly lower risk of major bleeding and any bleeding when compared to warfarin. Treatment with dabigatran 150/110 mg BID or rivaroxaban 15/10 mg QD was associated with a significantly lower risk of major bleeding, but not any bleeding, than warfarin. The potential benefit of individual NOACs in real-world practice needs to be assessed further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Kohsaka
- a Department of Cardiology , Keio University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | | | | | | | - Feng Wang
- d Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. , NY , USA
| | - Yasuo Terayama
- e Department of Gerontology , School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University , Iwate , Japan
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Wang KL, Chiu CC, Su-Yin Tan D, Lin CY, Lai EY, Goto S, Giugliano RP, Chiang CE. Once- or twice-daily non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in Asian patients with atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Formos Med Assoc 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
The group of new oral anticoagulants or NOACs, now termed direct oral anticoagulants or DOACs, with their favourable results from large scale phase III clinical trials, represent a major advancement and expanded armamentarium in antithrombotic therapy. Dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban and edoxaban are now in clinical routine use for prevention and treatment of arterial and venous thrombotic diseases as addressed in their clinical trials. Usage of the DOACs is expected to increase as clinicians gain more experience and reassurance with data from the real world studies which are generally consistent with that from clinical trials. Development of specific antidotes in management of bleeding complications and development of coagulation assays for their plasma levels will further boost the confidence in the DOACs. Nonetheless, there are still limitations associated with the DOACs. Many patients in need of anticoagulant therapy for indications not studied in the clinical trials will not be eligible for treatment with a DOAC. Conditions where more data is required include DOACs use in the paediatric age group, patients with atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease, thrombosis associated with the anti-phospholipid syndrome and cancer associated thrombosis. The affordability and access to these drugs may pose an issue for many patients under healthcare systems not providing for these medications. With four new anticoagulants coming onboard very quickly, the focus has shifted to the practical approach and management in real life as many clinicians are not yet familiar with the DOACs. Clinicians need to be educated on how to manage this new class for drugs, from choosing the appropriate drug to prevention and managing bleeding complications as a lack of knowledge and understanding in these drugs will lead to inappropriate use and compromise on patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Heng Lee
- Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, 20, College Road, Academia Level 3, Singapore, 169856 Singapore
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Okumura K, Aonuma K, Kumagai K, Hirao K, Inoue K, Kimura M, Miyauchi Y, Tsushima E. Efficacy and Safety of Rivaroxaban and Warfarin in the Perioperative Period of Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation – Outcome Analysis From a Prospective Multicenter Registry Study in Japan –. Circ J 2016; 80:2295-2301. [DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-16-0621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Okumura
- Division of Cardiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Kazutaka Aonuma
- Cardiovascular Division, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba
| | | | - Kenzo Hirao
- Heart Rhythm Center, Tokyo Medical and Dental University
| | - Koichi Inoue
- Cardiovascular Center, Sakurabashi Watanabe Hospital
| | - Masaomi Kimura
- Division of Cardiology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine
| | | | - Eiki Tsushima
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences
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