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Ložek M, Kovanda J, Kubuš P, Vrbík M, Lhotská L, Lumens J, Delhaas T, Janoušek J. How to assess and treat right ventricular electromechanical dyssynchrony in post-repair tetralogy of Fallot: insights from imaging, invasive studies, and computational modelling. Europace 2024; 26:euae024. [PMID: 38266248 PMCID: PMC10838147 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Right bundle branch block (RBBB) and resulting right ventricular (RV) electromechanical discoordination are thought to play a role in the disease process of subpulmonary RV dysfunction that frequently occur post-repair tetralogy of Fallot (ToF). We sought to describe this disease entity, the role of pulmonary re-valvulation, and the potential added value of RV cardiac resynchronization therapy (RV-CRT). METHODS Two patients with repaired ToF, complete RBBB, pulmonary regurgitation, and significantly decreased RV function underwent echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and an invasive study to evaluate the potential for RV-CRT as part of the management strategy. The data were used to personalize the CircAdapt model of the human heart and circulation. Resulting Digital Twins were analysed to quantify the relative effects of RV pressure and volume overload and to predict the effect of RV-CRT. RESULTS Echocardiography showed components of a classic RV dyssynchrony pattern which could be reversed by RV-CRT during invasive study and resulted in acute improvement in RV systolic function. The Digital Twins confirmed a contribution of electromechanical RV dyssynchrony to RV dysfunction and suggested improvement of RV contraction efficiency after RV-CRT. The one patient who underwent successful permanent RV-CRT as part of the pulmonary re-valvulation procedure carried improvements that were in line with the predictions based on his Digital Twin. CONCLUSION An integrative diagnostic approach to RV dysfunction, including the construction of Digital Twins may help to identify candidates for RV-CRT as part of the lifetime management of ToF and similar congenital heart lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Ložek
- Children's Heart Center, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Kateřinská 1660/32, 121 08 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Kovanda
- Children's Heart Center, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Kubuš
- Children's Heart Center, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Vrbík
- Children's Heart Center, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Lhotská
- Czech Institute of Informatics, Robotics, and Cybernetics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Jugoslávských partyzánů 1580/3, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Joost Lumens
- Maastricht University Medical Center, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Universiteitssingel 50, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Tammo Delhaas
- Maastricht University Medical Center, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Universiteitssingel 50, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Janoušek
- Children's Heart Center, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, V Úvalu 84, 150 06 Prague, Czech Republic
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Remme CA, Heijman J, Gomez AM, Zaza A, Odening KE. 25 years of basic and translational science in EP Europace: novel insights into arrhythmia mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. Europace 2023; 25:euad210. [PMID: 37622575 PMCID: PMC10450791 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euad210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last 25 years, EP Europace has published more than 300 basic and translational science articles covering different arrhythmia types (ranging from atrial fibrillation to ventricular tachyarrhythmias), different diseases predisposing to arrhythmia formation (such as genetic arrhythmia disorders and heart failure), and different interventional and pharmacological anti-arrhythmic treatment strategies (ranging from pacing and defibrillation to different ablation approaches and novel drug-therapies). These studies have been conducted in cellular models, small and large animal models, and in the last couple of years increasingly in silico using computational approaches. In sum, these articles have contributed substantially to our pathophysiological understanding of arrhythmia mechanisms and treatment options; many of which have made their way into clinical applications. This review discusses a representative selection of EP Europace manuscripts covering the topics of pacing and ablation, atrial fibrillation, heart failure and pro-arrhythmic ventricular remodelling, ion channel (dys)function and pharmacology, inherited arrhythmia syndromes, and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathies, highlighting some of the advances of the past 25 years. Given the increasingly recognized complexity and multidisciplinary nature of arrhythmogenesis and continued technological developments, basic and translational electrophysiological research is key advancing the field. EP Europace aims to further increase its contribution to the discovery of arrhythmia mechanisms and the implementation of mechanism-based precision therapy approaches in arrhythmia management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol Ann Remme
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Heart Centre, Academic Medical Center, Room K2-104.2, Meibergdreef 11, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Heart Failure & Arrhythmias, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jordi Heijman
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ana M Gomez
- Signaling and Cardiovascular Pathophysiology, UMR-S 1180, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400 Orsay, France
| | - Antonio Zaza
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Katja E Odening
- Translational Cardiology, Department of Cardiology and Department of Physiology, Inselspital University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
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3
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Meiburg R, Rijks JHJ, Beela AS, Bressi E, Grieco D, Delhaas T, Luermans JGLM, Prinzen FW, Vernooy K, Lumens J. Comparison of novel ventricular pacing strategies using an electro-mechanical simulation platform. Europace 2023; 25:euad144. [PMID: 37306315 PMCID: PMC10259067 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euad144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Focus of pacemaker therapy is shifting from right ventricular (RV) apex pacing (RVAP) and biventricular pacing (BiVP) to conduction system pacing. Direct comparison between the different pacing modalities and their consequences to cardiac pump function is difficult, due to the practical implications and confounding variables. Computational modelling and simulation provide the opportunity to compare electrical, mechanical, and haemodynamic consequences in the same virtual heart. METHODS AND RESULTS Using the same single cardiac geometry, electrical activation maps following the different pacing strategies were calculated using an Eikonal model on a three-dimensional geometry, which were then used as input for a lumped mechanical and haemodynamic model (CircAdapt). We then compared simulated strain, regional myocardial work, and haemodynamic function for each pacing strategy. Selective His-bundle pacing (HBP) best replicated physiological electrical activation and led to the most homogeneous mechanical behaviour. Selective left bundle branch (LBB) pacing led to good left ventricular (LV) function but significantly increased RV load. RV activation times were reduced in non-selective LBB pacing (nsLBBP), reducing RV load but increasing heterogeneity in LV contraction. LV septal pacing led to a slower LV and more heterogeneous LV activation than nsLBBP, while RV activation was similar. BiVP led to a synchronous LV-RV, but resulted in a heterogeneous contraction. RVAP led to the slowest and most heterogeneous contraction. Haemodynamic differences were small compared to differences in local wall behaviour. CONCLUSION Using a computational modelling framework, we investigated the mechanical and haemodynamic outcome of the prevailing pacing strategies in hearts with normal electrical and mechanical function. For this class of patients, nsLBBP was the best compromise between LV and RV function if HBP is not possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roel Meiburg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jesse H J Rijks
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ahmed S Beela
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Edoardo Bressi
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Policlinico Casilino of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Domenico Grieco
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Policlinico Casilino of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tammo Delhaas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Justin G LM Luermans
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Centre (Radboudumc), Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frits W Prinzen
- Department of Physiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kevin Vernooy
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Lumens
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 40, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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4
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Melki L, Tourni M, Wang DY, Weber R, Wan EY, Konofagou EE. A new Electromechanical Wave Imaging dispersion metric for the characterization of ventricular activation in different Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy pacing schemes. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2022; 70:853-859. [PMID: 36049009 PMCID: PMC9975111 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2022.3203653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Conventional biventricular (BiV) pacing cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an established treatment for heart failure patients. Recently, multiple novel CRT delivering technologies such as His-Bundle pacing have been investigated as alternative pacing strategies for optimal treatment benefit. Electromechanical Wave Imaging (EWI), a high frame-rate echocardiography-based modality, is capable of visualizing the change from dyssynchronous activation to resynchronized BiV-paced ventricles in 3D. This proof-of-concept study introduces a new EWI-based dispersion metric to further characterize ventricular activation. Patients with His-Bundle device implantation (n=4), left-bundle branch block (n=10), right-ventricular (RV) pacing (n=10), or BiV pacing (n=15) were imaged, as well as four volunteers in normal sinus rhythm (NSR). EWI successfully mapped the ventricular activation resulting from His-Bundle pacing. Additionally, very similar activation patterns were obtained in the NSR subjects, confirming recovery of physiological activation with His pacing. The dispersion metric was the most sensitive EWI-based metric that identified His pacing as the most efficient treatment (lowest activation time spread), followed by BiV and RV pacing. More specifically, the dispersion metric significantly (p 0.005) distinguished His pacing from the other two pacing schemes as well as LBBB. The initial findings presented herein indicate that EWI and its new dispersion metric may provide a useful resynchronization evaluation clinical tool in CRT patients under both novel His-Bundle pacing and more conventional BiV pacing strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Y. Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University
| | - Rachel Weber
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University
| | - Elaine Y. Wan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Columbia University
| | - Elisa E. Konofagou
- Biomedical Engineering and Radiology Departments, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032 USA
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De Regibus V, Biffi M, Infusino T, Savastano S, Landolina M, Palmisano P, Foti R, Facchin D, Dello Russo A, Urraro F, Ziacchi M. Long‐term follow‐up of patients with a quadripolar active fixation left ventricular lead. An Italian multicenter experience. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2022; 33:1567-1575. [DOI: 10.1111/jce.15574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Biffi
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria S. Orsola‐MalpighiBolognaItaly
| | | | - S. Savastano
- Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
| | | | - P. Palmisano
- Cardiology Unit, “Card. G. Panico” HospitalTricaseItaly
| | - R. Foti
- Ospedale San VincenzoTaorminaItaly
| | - D. Facchin
- SOC Cardiologia ‐ Dipartimento Cardiotoracico ‐ Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale – Udine
| | - A. Dello Russo
- Ospedali Riuniti 'Umberto I GM Lancisi SalesiAnconaItaly
| | - F. Urraro
- Azienda Ospedaliera G. RummoBeneventoItaly
| | - M. Ziacchi
- Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria S. Orsola‐MalpighiBolognaItaly
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6
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Sterliński M, Zakrzewska-Koperska J, Maciąg A, Sokal A, Osca-Asensi J, Wang L, Spyropoulou V, Maus B, Lemme F, Okafor O, Stegemann B, Cornelussen R, Leyva F. Acute Hemodynamic Effects of Simultaneous and Sequential Multi-Point Pacing in Heart Failure Patients With an Expected Higher Rate of Sub-response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy: Results of Multicenter SYNSEQ Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:901267. [PMID: 35647062 PMCID: PMC9133424 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.901267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the SYNSEQ (Left Ventricular Synchronous vs. Sequential MultiSpot Pacing for CRT) study was to evaluate the acute hemodynamic response (AHR) of simultaneous (3P-MPP syn) or sequential (3P-MPP seq) multi-3-point-left-ventricular (LV) pacing vs. single point pacing (SPP) in a group of patients at risk of a suboptimal response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Twenty five patients with myocardial scar or QRS ≤ 150 or the absence of LBBB (age: 66 ± 12 years, QRS: 159 ± 12 ms, NYHA class II/III, LVEF ≤ 35%) underwent acute hemodynamic assessment by LV + dP/dtmax with a variety of LV pacing configurations at an optimized AV delay. The change in LV + dP/dt max (%ΔLV + dP/dt max) with 3P-MPP syn (15.6%, 95% CI: 8.8%-22.5%) was neither statistically significantly different to 3P-MPP seq (11.8%, 95% CI: 7.6-16.0%) nor to SPP basal (11.5%, 95% CI:7.1-15.9%) or SPP mid (12.2%, 95% CI:7.9-16.5%), but higher than SPP apical (10.6%, 95% CI:5.3-15.9%, p = 0.03). AHR (defined as a %ΔLV + dP/dt max ≥ 10%) varied between pacing configurations: 36% (9/25) for SPP apical, 44% (11/25) for SPP basal, 54% (13/24) for SPP mid, 56% (14/25) for 3P-MPP syn and 48% (11/23) for 3P-MPP seq.Fifteen patients (15/25, 60%) had an AHR in at least one pacing configuration. AHR was observed in 10/13 (77%) patients with a LBBB but only in 5/12 (42%) patients with a non-LBBB (p = 0.11). To conclude, simultaneous or sequential multipoint pacing compared to single point pacing did not improve the acute hemodynamic effect in a suboptimal CRT response population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Sterliński
- First Department of Arrhythmia, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Zakrzewska-Koperska
- First Department of Arrhythmia, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
- *Correspondence: Joanna Zakrzewska-Koperska
| | - Aleksander Maciąg
- Second Department of Arrhythmia, National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Sokal
- Department of Cardiology, Congenital Heart Diseases and Electrotherapy, Silesian Center of Heart Disease, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Joaquin Osca-Asensi
- Cardiology Department, University and Polytechnic Hospital la Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Lingwei Wang
- Section of Arrhythmias, Department of Cardiology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Baerbel Maus
- Bakken Research Center, Medtronic plc, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Francesca Lemme
- Bakken Research Center, Medtronic plc, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Osita Okafor
- Queen Elisabeth Hospital, Birmingham University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Berthold Stegemann
- Aston Medical School, Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Francisco Leyva
- Aston Medical School, Aston Medical Research Institute, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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7
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Karabelas E, Gsell MA, Haase G, Plank G, Augustin CM. An accurate, robust, and efficient finite element framework with applications to anisotropic, nearly and fully incompressible elasticity. COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING 2022; 394:114887. [PMID: 35432634 PMCID: PMC7612621 DOI: 10.1016/j.cma.2022.114887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Fiber-reinforced soft biological tissues are typically modeled as hyperelastic, anisotropic, and nearly incompressible materials. To enforce incompressibility a multiplicative split of the deformation gradient into a volumetric and an isochoric part is a very common approach. However, the finite element analysis of such problems often suffers from severe volumetric locking effects and numerical instabilities. In this paper, we present novel methods to overcome volumetric locking phenomena for using stabilized P1-P1 elements. We introduce different stabilization techniques and demonstrate the high robustness and computational efficiency of the chosen methods. In two benchmark problems from the literature as well as an advanced application to cardiac electromechanics, we compare the approach to standard linear elements and show the accuracy and versatility of the methods to simulate anisotropic, nearly and fully incompressible materials. We demonstrate the potential of this numerical framework to accelerate accurate simulations of biological tissues to the extent of enabling patient-specific parameterization studies, where numerous forward simulations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elias Karabelas
- Institute for Mathematics and Scientific Computing, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Matthias A.F. Gsell
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Division of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gundolf Haase
- Institute for Mathematics and Scientific Computing, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gernot Plank
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Division of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christoph M. Augustin
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Division of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Graz, Austria
- Correspondence to: Gottfried Schatz Research Center: Division of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstrasse 6/IV, Graz 8010, Austria. (C.M. Augustin)
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8
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Fan L, Choy JS, Raissi F, Kassab GS, Lee LC. Optimization of cardiac resynchronization therapy based on a cardiac electromechanics-perfusion computational model. Comput Biol Med 2022; 141:105050. [PMID: 34823858 PMCID: PMC8810745 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.105050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an established treatment for left bundle branch block (LBBB) resulting in mechanical dyssynchrony. Approximately 1/3 of patients with CRT, however, are non-responders. To understand factors affecting CRT response, an electromechanics-perfusion computational model based on animal-specific left ventricular (LV) geometry and coronary vascular networks located in the septum and LV free wall is developed. The model considers contractility-flow and preload-activation time relationships, and is calibrated to simultaneously match the experimental measurements in terms of the LV pressure, volume waveforms and total coronary flow in the left anterior descending and left circumflex territories from 2 swine models under right atrium and right ventricular pacing. The model is then applied to investigate the responses of CRT indexed by peak LV pressure and (dP/dt)max at multiple pacing sites with different degrees of perfusion in the LV free wall. Without the presence of ischemia, the model predicts that basal-lateral endocardial region is the optimal pacing site that can best improve (dP/dt)max by 20%, and is associated with the shortest activation time. In the presence of ischemia, a non-ischemic region becomes the optimal pacing site when coronary flow in the ischemic region fell below 30% of its original value. Pacing at the ischemic region produces little response at that perfusion level. The optimal pacing site is associated with one that optimizes the LV activation time. These findings suggest that CRT response is affected by both pacing site and coronary perfusion, which may have clinical implication in improving CRT responder rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Jenny S Choy
- California Medical Innovations Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Farshad Raissi
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Lik Chuan Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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9
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Abstract
The treatment of individual patients in cardiology practice increasingly relies on advanced imaging, genetic screening and devices. As the amount of imaging and other diagnostic data increases, paralleled by the greater capacity to personalize treatment, the difficulty of using the full array of measurements of a patient to determine an optimal treatment seems also to be paradoxically increasing. Computational models are progressively addressing this issue by providing a common framework for integrating multiple data sets from individual patients. These models, which are based on physiology and physics rather than on population statistics, enable computational simulations to reveal diagnostic information that would have otherwise remained concealed and to predict treatment outcomes for individual patients. The inherent need for patient-specific models in cardiology is clear and is driving the rapid development of tools and techniques for creating personalized methods to guide pharmaceutical therapy, deployment of devices and surgical interventions.
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10
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Carpio EF, Gomez JF, Sebastian R, Lopez-Perez A, Castellanos E, Almendral J, Ferrero JM, Trenor B. Optimization of Lead Placement in the Right Ventricle During Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy. A Simulation Study. Front Physiol 2019; 10:74. [PMID: 30804805 PMCID: PMC6378298 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients suffering from heart failure and left bundle branch block show electrical ventricular dyssynchrony causing an abnormal blood pumping. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is recommended for these patients. Patients with positive therapy response normally present QRS shortening and an increased left ventricle (LV) ejection fraction. However, around one third do not respond favorably. Therefore, optimal location of pacing leads, timing delays between leads and/or choosing related biomarkers is crucial to achieve the best possible degree of ventricular synchrony during CRT application. In this study, computational modeling is used to predict the optimal location and delay of pacing leads to improve CRT response. We use a 3D electrophysiological computational model of the heart and torso to get insight into the changes in the activation patterns obtained when the heart is paced from different regions and for different atrioventricular and interventricular delays. The model represents a heart with left bundle branch block and heart failure, and allows a detailed and accurate analysis of the electrical changes observed simultaneously in the myocardium and in the QRS complex computed in the precordial leads. Computational simulations were performed using a modified version of the O'Hara et al. action potential model, the most recent mathematical model developed for human ventricular electrophysiology. The optimal location for the pacing leads was determined by QRS maximal reduction. Additionally, the influence of Purkinje system on CRT response was assessed and correlation analysis between several parameters of the QRS was made. Simulation results showed that the right ventricle (RV) upper septum near the outflow tract is an alternative location to the RV apical lead. Furthermore, LV endocardial pacing provided better results as compared to epicardial stimulation. Finally, the time to reach the 90% of the QRS area was a good predictor of the instant at which 90% of the ventricular tissue was activated. Thus, the time to reach the 90% of the QRS area is suggested as an additional index to assess CRT effectiveness to improve biventricular synchrony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edison F Carpio
- Centre for Research and Innovation in Bioengineering (Ci2B), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan F Gomez
- Centre for Research and Innovation in Bioengineering (Ci2B), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Sebastian
- Computational Multiscale Simulation Lab (CoMMLab), Department of Computer Science, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lopez-Perez
- Centre for Research and Innovation in Bioengineering (Ci2B), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eduardo Castellanos
- Electrophysiology Laboratory and Arrhythmia Unit, Grupo HM Hospitales, Hospital Monteprincipe, University CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Almendral
- Electrophysiology Laboratory and Arrhythmia Unit, Grupo HM Hospitales, Hospital Monteprincipe, University CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Ferrero
- Centre for Research and Innovation in Bioengineering (Ci2B), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Beatriz Trenor
- Centre for Research and Innovation in Bioengineering (Ci2B), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
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11
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Leyva F, Zegard A, Taylor RJ, Foley PWX, Umar F, Patel K, Panting J, van Dam P, Prinzen FW, Marshall H, Qiu T. Long-Term Outcomes of Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy Using Apical Versus Nonapical Left Ventricular Pacing. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e008508. [PMID: 30369313 PMCID: PMC6201398 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.008508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Background Experimental evidence indicates that left ventricular ( LV ) apical pacing is hemodynamically superior to nonapical LV pacing. Some studies have shown that an LV apical lead position is unfavorable in cardiac resynchronization therapy. We sought to determine whether an apical LV lead position influences cardiac mortality after cardiac resynchronization therapy. Methods and Results In this retrospective observational study, the primary end point of cardiac mortality was assessed in relation to longitudinal (basal, midventricular, or apical) and circumferential (anterior, lateral, or posterior) LV lead positions, as well as right ventricular (apical or septal), assigned using fluoroscopy. Lead positions were assessed in 1189 patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy implantation over 15 years. After a median follow-up of 6.0 years (interquartile range: 4.4-7.7 years), an apical LV lead position was associated with lower cardiac mortality than a nonapical position (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.74; 95% confidence interval, 0.56-0.99) after covariate adjustment. There were no differences in total mortality or heart failure hospitalization. Death from pump failure was lower with apical than nonapical positions (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.69; 95% confidence interval, 0.51-0.94). Compared with a basal position, an apical LV position was also associated with lower risk of sudden cardiac death (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.34; 95% confidence interval, 0.13-0.93). No differences emerged between circumferential LV lead positions or right ventricular positions with respect to any end point. Conclusions In recipients of cardiac resynchronization therapy, an apical LV lead position was associated with better long-term cardiac survival than a nonapical position. This effect was due to a lower risk of pump failure and sudden cardiac death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Leyva
- Aston Medical Research InstituteAston Medical SchoolAston UniversityBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Abbasin Zegard
- Aston Medical Research InstituteAston Medical SchoolAston UniversityBirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Robin J. Taylor
- Centre for Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of BirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Fraz Umar
- Centre for Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of BirminghamUnited Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Frits W. Prinzen
- Department of PhysiologyCardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM)MaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | | | - Tian Qiu
- Queen Elizabeth HospitalBirminghamUnited Kingdom
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Lee AWC, Costa CM, Strocchi M, Rinaldi CA, Niederer SA. Computational Modeling for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2018; 11:92-108. [PMID: 29327314 PMCID: PMC5908824 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-017-9779-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an effective treatment for heart failure (HF) patients with an electrical substrate pathology causing ventricular dyssynchrony. However 40-50% of patients do not respond to treatment. Cardiac modeling of the electrophysiology, electromechanics, and hemodynamics of the heart has been used to study mechanisms behind HF pathology and CRT response. Recently, multi-scale dyssynchronous HF models have been used to study optimal device settings and optimal lead locations, investigate the underlying cardiac pathophysiology, as well as investigate emerging technologies proposed to treat cardiac dyssynchrony. However the breadth of patient and experimental data required to create and parameterize these models and the computational resources required currently limits the use of these models to small patient numbers. In the future, once these technical challenges are overcome, biophysically based models of the heart have the potential to become a clinical tool to aid in the diagnosis and treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela W C Lee
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | | | - Marina Strocchi
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | | | - Steven A Niederer
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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13
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van Everdingen WM, Zweerink A, Cramer MJ, Doevendans PA, Nguyên UC, van Rossum AC, Prinzen FW, Vernooy K, Allaart CP, Meine M. Can We Use the Intrinsic Left Ventricular Delay (QLV) to Optimize the Pacing Configuration for Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy With a Quadripolar Left Ventricular Lead? Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2018; 11:e005912. [DOI: 10.1161/circep.117.005912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wouter M. van Everdingen
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (W.M.v.E., M.J.C., P.A.D., M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.Z., A.C.v.R., C.P.A.); Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands (U.C.N., K.V.); and Department of Physiology, CARIM (Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (U.C.N., F.W.P.)
| | - Alwin Zweerink
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (W.M.v.E., M.J.C., P.A.D., M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.Z., A.C.v.R., C.P.A.); Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands (U.C.N., K.V.); and Department of Physiology, CARIM (Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (U.C.N., F.W.P.)
| | - Maarten J. Cramer
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (W.M.v.E., M.J.C., P.A.D., M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.Z., A.C.v.R., C.P.A.); Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands (U.C.N., K.V.); and Department of Physiology, CARIM (Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (U.C.N., F.W.P.)
| | - Pieter A. Doevendans
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (W.M.v.E., M.J.C., P.A.D., M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.Z., A.C.v.R., C.P.A.); Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands (U.C.N., K.V.); and Department of Physiology, CARIM (Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (U.C.N., F.W.P.)
| | - Uyên Châu Nguyên
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (W.M.v.E., M.J.C., P.A.D., M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.Z., A.C.v.R., C.P.A.); Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands (U.C.N., K.V.); and Department of Physiology, CARIM (Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (U.C.N., F.W.P.)
| | - Albert C. van Rossum
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (W.M.v.E., M.J.C., P.A.D., M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.Z., A.C.v.R., C.P.A.); Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands (U.C.N., K.V.); and Department of Physiology, CARIM (Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (U.C.N., F.W.P.)
| | - Frits W. Prinzen
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (W.M.v.E., M.J.C., P.A.D., M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.Z., A.C.v.R., C.P.A.); Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands (U.C.N., K.V.); and Department of Physiology, CARIM (Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (U.C.N., F.W.P.)
| | - Kevin Vernooy
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (W.M.v.E., M.J.C., P.A.D., M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.Z., A.C.v.R., C.P.A.); Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands (U.C.N., K.V.); and Department of Physiology, CARIM (Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (U.C.N., F.W.P.)
| | - Cornelis P. Allaart
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (W.M.v.E., M.J.C., P.A.D., M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.Z., A.C.v.R., C.P.A.); Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands (U.C.N., K.V.); and Department of Physiology, CARIM (Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (U.C.N., F.W.P.)
| | - Mathias Meine
- From the Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands (W.M.v.E., M.J.C., P.A.D., M.M.); Department of Cardiology, Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (A.Z., A.C.v.R., C.P.A.); Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, The Netherlands (U.C.N., K.V.); and Department of Physiology, CARIM (Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht), Maastricht University, The Netherlands (U.C.N., F.W.P.)
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14
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Clinical Applications of Patient-Specific Models: The Case for a Simple Approach. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2018; 11:71-79. [PMID: 29453747 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-018-9787-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past several decades, increasingly sophisticated models of the heart have provided important insights into cardiac physiology and are increasingly used to predict the impact of diseases and therapies on the heart. In an era of personalized medicine, many envision patient-specific computational models as a powerful tool for personalizing therapy. Yet the complexity of current models poses important challenges, including identifying model parameters and completing calculations quickly enough for routine clinical use. We propose that early clinical successes are likely to arise from an alternative approach: relatively simple, fast, phenomenologic models with a small number of parameters that can be easily (and automatically) customized. We discuss examples of simple yet foundational models that have already made a tremendous impact on clinical education and practice, and make the case that reducing rather than increasing model complexity may be the key to realizing the promise of patient-specific modeling for clinical applications.
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15
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Nguyên UC, Prinzen FW, Vernooy K. Left ventricular lead positioning in cardiac resynchronization therapy: Mission accomplished? Heart Rhythm 2017; 14:1373-1374. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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