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Gautschi J, Lätsch D. The effectiveness of interventions to prevent and reduce child maltreatment in high-income countries: An umbrella review. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 153:106845. [PMID: 38761720 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2024.106845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades, many interventions targeting the occurrence (primary prevention) or the recurrence (secondary prevention) of child abuse and neglect have been tested. Findings have been synthesized in several meta-analyses and systematic reviews. However, the range of interventions addressed in these studies is very broad, and an integrative assessment of this large spectrum is lacking. OBJECTIVE Focusing on high-income countries, we ask (i) what is known about the effectiveness of interventions to prevent or reduce child abuse and neglect and (ii) how robust this evidence is. METHODS A systematic review of systematic reviews, called an umbrella review, was conducted. Ten databases on OvidSP and Web of Science were searched up until April 2023. Narrative synthesis was used to document the publications' findings. RESULTS 44 publications were included in the umbrella review. We did not find that any type of intervention had a clear, consistent, and robust track record of preventing or reducing the occurrence of child abuse and neglect. Rather, publications examining the effectiveness of interventions in all areas frequently reported non-existent, small or inconsistent effects. However, positive effects for particular interventions in specific settings did emerge. Research methodologies showed several and often severe problems. CONCLUSIONS We suggest several measures to improve the quality of research and call on practitioners to be persistent in developing more effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Gautschi
- Zurich University of Applied Sciences ZHAW, School of Social Work, Institute of Childhood, Youth, and Family, Pfingstweidstrasse 96, CH-8037 Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - David Lätsch
- Zurich University of Applied Sciences ZHAW, School of Social Work, Institute of Childhood, Youth, and Family, Pfingstweidstrasse 96, CH-8037 Zürich, Switzerland.
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2
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Janczewski C, Mersky J, Plummer Lee C. Intergenerational transmission of child protective services involvement: Exploring the role of ACEs and domestic violence among families who receive home visiting services. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2023; 144:106384. [PMID: 37542996 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with negative outcomes over the life course and across generations, including domestic violence (DV) and child maltreatment. However, no studies have examined the connection between parents' ACEs and their child's risk of child protective services (CPS) involvement or possible mechanisms of transmission. OBJECTIVE In addition to describing the prevalence and correlates of CPS involvement, our primary aims are to test whether parental adversity in childhood is associated with CPS involvement and whether DV victimization mediates the ACE-CPS association. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING The sample included 3039 primary caregivers and 3343 children served by home visiting programs in Wisconsin between 2014 and 2019. METHODS Using matched home visiting and CPS records, we generated prevalence estimates of screened-in CPS reports and assessed bivariate associations between CPS involvement and ACEs, DV, and household demographics. We then conducted a two-stage path analysis to test the association between ACEs and CPS involvement and whether DV mediated the ACE-CPS association. RESULTS Overall, 22.8 % of caregivers had a screened-in report. Prevalence rates were higher among women who endured ACEs and DV, and they varied by demographic characteristics. ACEs were directly linked to DV and CPS involvement, and there was an indirect pathway linking ACEs to CPS involvement through DV exposure. CONCLUSIONS Home visiting programs serve families that frequently interact with the child welfare system. By enhancing the trauma-responsive potential of these interventions, it may be possible to interrupt intergenerational mechanisms that contribute to child abuse and neglect and CPS involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Janczewski
- Helen Bader School of Social Welfare, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2400 E. Hartford Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States of America.
| | - Joshua Mersky
- Helen Bader School of Social Welfare, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2400 E. Hartford Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States of America
| | - CheinTi Plummer Lee
- Helen Bader School of Social Welfare, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2400 E. Hartford Ave., Milwaukee, WI 53211, United States of America
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Alexander KA, Sharps P, Addison H, Bertrand D, Bauman A, Braithwaite-Hall M, Yarandi HN, Callwood G, Jemmott LS, Campbell JC. Development of an HIV/STI and partner violence health promotion intervention for abused US Virgin Islands women. Health Promot Int 2023; 38:daad072. [PMID: 37440255 PMCID: PMC10340080 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daad072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Women in the US Virgin Islands (USVI) experience intimate partner violence (IPV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) at disproportionate rates compared to women on the US mainland. Women in violent relationships report experiencing controlling behaviours that decrease their ability to negotiate for sex using condoms or to prevent unwanted pregnancies. Though several evidence-based interventions exist to prevent either IPV or HIV, few address them through an integrated health promotion approach or attend to particular USVI cultural mores. This article describes the systematic development of a theory based, culturally tailored, integrated health promotion intervention that addresses IPV and HIV among USVI women experiencing abuse. The process included: (i) identifying and integrating evidence-based health promotion interventions, (ii) conducting formative research using focus groups, (iii) synthesizing focus group data to inform intervention development and (iv) developing a culturally and linguistically appropriate intervention specific to the needs and concerns of USVI women. The Empowered Sisters Project: Making Choices Reducing Risks (ESP) was developed through this research. ESP is a three-session health promotion curriculum focussed on enhancing sexual health and safety among women experiencing abuse. The ESP intervention components included promoting condom use, increasing IPV and HIV knowledge and developing a personalized safety plan. Health professionals facilitated individual intervention sessions using culturally tailored visual media and scripts. This program focussed on experiences of women living in the USVI and has implications for utility across the Caribbean diaspora.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phyllis Sharps
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Helena Addison
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Aletha Bauman
- School of Nursing, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Croix, United States Virgin Islands
| | | | | | - Gloria Callwood
- School of Nursing, University of the Virgin Islands, St. Thomas, United States Virgin Islands
| | - Loretta S Jemmott
- College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Wong SC, Do PH, Eisner M, Hughes C, Valdebenito S, Murray AL. An Umbrella Review of the Literature on Perinatal Domestic Violence: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Possible Outcomes and Interventions. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2023; 24:1712-1726. [PMID: 35343325 DOI: 10.1177/15248380221080455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal domestic violence (P-DV) is a common form of violence experienced by women and is associated with adverse impacts on their own physical and mental health and that of their offspring. Illuminating the risk factors for, potential effects of, and promising interventions to reduce P-DV is essential for informing policies to tackle P-DV and mitigate its negative impacts. This umbrella review of recent high-quality systematic reviews and meta-analyses of worldwide research on P-DV provides a systematic synthesis of current knowledge relating to the prevalence, risk factors for, possible outcomes of and interventions to reduce and prevent P-DV. 13 reviews identified through systematic searches of computerised databases, manual search and expert consultation met our inclusion criteria (i.e. English systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses that were from recent 10 years, focused on women exposed to P-DV, assessed risk factors, possible outcomes and/or interventions, and were of fair to high methodological quality). Our results suggest that while there is a growing understanding of risk factors and possible outcomes of P-DV, this knowledge has thus far not been translated well into effective interventions. P-DV intervention programmes that have been subject to rigorous evaluation are mostly relatively narrow in scope and could benefit from targeting a wider range of maternal and child wellbeing outcomes, and perpetrator, relationship and community risk factors. The overall quality of the evidence syntheses in this field is reasonable; however, future studies should involve multiple reviewers at all key stages of systematic reviews and meta-analyses to help enhance reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siu-Ching Wong
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh
- Centre for Family Research, University of Cambridge
| | - Phuc Huyen Do
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology
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Brown SM, Rhoades GK, Marti CN, Lewis T. The Co-Occurrence of Child Maltreatment and Intimate Partner Violence in Families: Effects on Children's Externalizing Behavior Problems. CHILD MALTREATMENT 2021; 26:363-375. [PMID: 33438463 PMCID: PMC8275675 DOI: 10.1177/1077559520985934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Children exposed to maltreatment are at risk of experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) and behavioral problems. This study examined different forms of family violence that co-occur and their relationship to children's externalizing behaviors across developmental stages (early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence). Longitudinal data (N = 1,987) at baseline and 18 months and 36 months post-baseline from the NSCAW II were used. Mixture modeling was employed in which latent class models estimated subgroups of children who experienced co-occurring forms of family violence; regression models estimated which subgroups of children were at risk of externalizing behaviors. Three latent classes were identified across developmental stages: high family violence, low family violence, and child physical abuse and psychological aggression. For children in early childhood, a fourth class was identified: partner and child physical abuse and child psychological aggression. Results from regression models revealed differences in externalizing scores by class membership across developmental age groups and over time. That distinct classes of child maltreatment and IPV co-occur and differentially impact children's behavior suggests a need for strong prevention and intervention responses to address children's dual maltreatment and IPV exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M. Brown
- School of Social Work, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | | | - Terri Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Easterbrooks MA, Fauth RC, Lamoreau R. Effects of a Home Visiting Program on Parenting: Mediating Role of Intimate Partner Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP803-NP823. [PMID: 29294954 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517736879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Young women aged 18 to 24 years are in the highest risk group for intimate partner violence (IPV), and adolescent mothers are at particularly high risk for IPV and for risky health behaviors. Exposure to IPV may contribute to parenting stress and risky behaviors, and may compromise parenting behavior and healthy child development. The present study examined whether program effects of a statewide home visiting program for adolescent parents on young mothers' parenting stress and risky behaviors measured 2 years post program enrollment were mediated by program effects on their exposure to IPV measured 1 year post enrollment. Using longitudinal data from a subsample of young mothers (n = 448; 58% program, 42% control) who participated in a randomized controlled trial evaluation of a statewide home visiting program, Healthy Families Massachusetts (HFM), we estimated path analyses to examine whether home visiting program effects observed on IPV mediated home visiting program effects on subsequent assessments of parenting distress and mothers' risky behaviors. Findings indicated that IPV mediated associations between home visiting program effects on mothers' parenting distress and risky behavior. Although most newborn home visiting programs do not have an explicitly stated goal of reducing IPV, helping mothers and their partners to reduce violent behavior can have further-reaching impacts on other key goals of home visiting programs, such as parenting stress and risky behaviors.
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The Effect of a Supportive-Educational Intervention on Maternal-Fetal Attachment of Pregnant Women Facing Domestic Violence: A Randomized Controlled Trial. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/ijpbs.92070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Hughes K, Bellis MA, Sethi D, Andrew R, Yon Y, Wood S, Ford K, Baban A, Boderscova L, Kachaeva M, Makaruk K, Markovic M, Povilaitis R, Raleva M, Terzic N, Veleminsky M, Włodarczyk J, Zakhozha V. Adverse childhood experiences, childhood relationships and associated substance use and mental health in young Europeans. Eur J Public Health 2019; 29:741-747. [PMID: 30897194 PMCID: PMC6660110 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can increase risks of health-harming behaviours and poor health throughout life. While increases in risk may be affected by resilience resources such as supportive childhood relationships, to date few studies have explored these effects. METHODS We combined data from cross-sectional ACE studies among young adults (n = 14 661) in educational institutions in 10 European countries. Nine ACE types, childhood relationships and six health outcomes (early alcohol initiation, problem alcohol use, smoking, drug use, therapy, suicide attempt) were explored. Multivariate modelling estimated relationships between ACE counts, supportive childhood relationships and health outcomes. RESULTS Almost half (46.2%) of participants reported ≥1 ACE and 5.6% reported ≥4 ACEs. Risks of all outcomes increased with ACE count. In individuals with ≥4 ACEs (vs. 0 ACEs), adjusted odds ratios ranged from 2.01 (95% CIs: 1.70-2.38) for smoking to 17.68 (95% CIs: 12.93-24.17) for suicide attempt. Supportive childhood relationships were independently associated with moderating risks of smoking, problem alcohol use, therapy and suicide attempt. In those with ≥4 ACEs, adjusted proportions reporting suicide attempt reduced from 23% with low supportive childhood relationships to 13% with higher support. Equivalent reductions were 25% to 20% for therapy, 23% to 17% for problem drinking and 34% to 32% for smoking. CONCLUSIONS ACEs are strongly associated with substance use and mental illness. Harmful relationships are moderated by resilience factors such as supportive childhood relationships. Whilst ACEs continue to affect many children, better prevention measures and interventions that enhance resilience to the life-long impacts of toxic childhood stress are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Hughes
- Public Health Wales, WHO Collaborating Centre on Investment for Health and Well-being, Wrexham, UK
- College of Human Sciences, Bangor University, Wrexham, UK
| | - Mark A Bellis
- Public Health Wales, WHO Collaborating Centre on Investment for Health and Well-being, Wrexham, UK
- College of Human Sciences, Bangor University, Wrexham, UK
| | - Dinesh Sethi
- Division of Non-Communicable Diseases and Promoting Health through the Life-Course, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rachel Andrew
- Public Health Wales, WHO Collaborating Centre on Investment for Health and Well-being, Wrexham, UK
| | - Yongjie Yon
- Division of Non-Communicable Diseases and Promoting Health through the Life-Course, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sara Wood
- Public Health Wales, WHO Collaborating Centre on Investment for Health and Well-being, Wrexham, UK
| | - Kat Ford
- College of Human Sciences, Bangor University, Wrexham, UK
| | - Adriana Baban
- Department of Psychology, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Margarita Kachaeva
- Forensic Psychiatric Department, V. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Centre for Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Marija Markovic
- Centre for Promotion of Health, Institute of Public Health of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Marija Raleva
- University Clinic of Psychiatry, School of Medicine—Skopje, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Natasa Terzic
- Center for Health System Development, Institute of Public Health of Montenegro, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Milos Veleminsky
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
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Jack SM, Boyle M, McKee C, Ford-Gilboe M, Wathen CN, Scribano P, Davidov D, McNaughton D, O’Brien R, Johnston C, Gasbarro M, Tanaka M, Kimber M, Coben J, Olds DL, MacMillan HL. Effect of Addition of an Intimate Partner Violence Intervention to a Nurse Home Visitation Program on Maternal Quality of Life: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA 2019; 321:1576-1585. [PMID: 31012933 PMCID: PMC6487547 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2019.3211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health problem with significant adverse consequences for women and children. Past evaluations of a nurse home visitation program for pregnant women and first-time mothers experiencing social and economic disadvantage have not consistently shown reductions in IPV. OBJECTIVE To determine the effect on maternal quality of life of a nurse home visitation program augmented by an IPV intervention, compared with the nurse home visitation program alone. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Cluster-based, single-blind, randomized clinical trial at 15 sites in 8 US states (May 2011-May 2015) enrolling 492 socially disadvantaged pregnant women (≥16 years) participating in a 2.5-year nurse home visitation program. INTERVENTIONS In augmented program sites (n = 229 participants across 7 sites), nurses received intensive IPV education and delivered an IPV intervention that included a clinical pathway to guide assessment and tailor care focused on safety planning, violence awareness, self-efficacy, and referral to social supports. The standard program (n = 263 participants across 8 sites) included limited questions about violence exposure and information for abused women but no standardized IPV training for nurses. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF; range, 0-400; higher score indicates better quality of life) obtained through interviews at baseline and every 6 months until 24 months after delivery. From 17 prespecified secondary outcomes, 7 secondary end points are reported, including scores on the Composite Abuse Scale, SPAN (Startle, Physiological Arousal, Anger, and Numbness), Prime-MD Patient Health Questionnaire, TWEAK (Tolerance/Worry About Drinking/Eye-Opener/Amnesia/C[K]ut Down on Drinking), Drug Abuse Severity Test, and the 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (physical and mental health), version 2. RESULTS Among 492 participants enrolled (mean age, 20.4 years), 421 (86%) completed the trial. Quality of life improved from baseline to 24 months in both groups (change in WHOQOL-BREF scores from 299.5 [SD, 54.4] to 308.2 [SD, 52.6] in the augmented program group vs from 293.6 [SD, 56.4] to 316.4 [SD, 57.5] in the standard program group). Based on multilevel growth curve analysis, there was no statistically significant difference between groups (modeled score difference, -4.9 [95% CI, -16.5 to 6.7]). There were no statistically significant differences between study groups in any of the secondary participant end points. There were no adverse events recorded in either group. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Among pregnant women experiencing social and economic disadvantage and preparing to parent for the first time, augmentation of a nurse home visitation program with a comprehensive IPV intervention, compared with the home visitation program alone, did not significantly improve quality of life at 24 months after delivery. These findings do not support the use of this intervention. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01372098.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M. Jack
- School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Boyle
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christine McKee
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marilyn Ford-Gilboe
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - C. Nadine Wathen
- Arthur Labatt Family School of Nursing, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Faculty of Information and Media Studies, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Philip Scribano
- The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Clinical Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Danielle Davidov
- Department of Emergency Medicine, West Virginia University, Morgantown
- School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown
| | - Diane McNaughton
- Department of Community, Systems, and Mental Health Nursing, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ruth O’Brien
- College of Nursing, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Denver
| | - Carolyn Johnston
- Nurse-Family Partnership National Service Office, Denver, Colorado
| | - Mariarosa Gasbarro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver
| | - Masako Tanaka
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa Kimber
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jeffrey Coben
- School of Public Health, West Virginia University, Morgantown
| | - David L. Olds
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver
| | - Harriet L. MacMillan
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Offord Centre for Child Studies, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Sapkota D, Baird K, Saito A, Anderson D. Interventions for reducing and/or controlling domestic violence among pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. Syst Rev 2019; 8:79. [PMID: 30940204 PMCID: PMC6889323 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-0998-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Domestic violence (DV) during pregnancy is recognized as a global health problem associated with serious health consequences for both the mother and her baby. Several interventions aimed at addressing DV around the time of pregnancy have been developed in the last decade, but they are primarily from developed countries. Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) are facing both a mounting burden of DV as well as severe resource constraints that keep them from emulating some of the effective interventions implemented in developed settings. A systematic review was conducted to examine the approaches and effects of interventions designed for reducing or controlling DV among pregnant women in LMICs. METHODS Electronic databases were systematically searched, and the search was augmented by bibliographic reviews and expert consultations. Two reviewers assessed eligibility and quality of the studies and extracted data independently. The third reviewer was involved to resolve any discrepancies between the reviewers. Due to the limited number of studies and varied outcomes, a meta-analysis was not possible. Primary outcomes of this review included frequency and/or severity of DV and secondary outcomes included mental health, safety behaviours, and use of community resources. In addition, findings from the critical appraisal of studies were utilised to inform the initial draft of Theory of Change (ToC). RESULTS Only five studies (two randomized trials and three non-randomized trials) met the eligibility criteria. The interventions consisting of supportive counselling demonstrated a reduction in DV and an improvement in use of safety behaviours. One study has embedded the DV intervention into an existing program on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Limited evidence could be drawn for outcomes such as quality of life and the use of community resources. DISCUSSION This review attempted to address the knowledge gap by collating evidence on interventions aimed at addressing DV among pregnant women in LMICs. The development of a ToC was critical in understanding how certain activities led to the desired outcomes. This ToC can guide the design of future research and development of practice guidelines. The participatory involvement of the stakeholders is recommended to refine the current ToC to support its further development for practice. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO, CRD42017073938.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Sapkota
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia. .,Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal. .,Gold Coast University Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Kathleen Baird
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,Women's Wellness Research Program, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Amornrat Saito
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Debra Anderson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,Gold Coast University Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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11
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Schols MWA, Serie CMB, Broers NJ, de Ruiter C. Factor analysis and predictive validity of the Early Risks of Physical Abuse and Neglect Scale (ERPANS): A prospective study in Dutch public youth healthcare. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 88:71-83. [PMID: 30447504 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Early detection of child abuse risk factors in families of new-born babies is an important task of the public youth health care system in the Netherlands. The Early Risks of Physical Abuse and Neglect Scale (ERPANS) was originally developed in Belgium as an observation scale for public child healthcare nurses. The present longitudinal study is an independent prospective validation of the ERPANS in a Dutch community sample (N = 1257) of families with a new-born. Results showed a commonality of underlying subsets of items belonging to the 'Disturbed parent-child relationship' and 'Psychological problems' factors, but the factor 'Communication problems' of the original ERPANS could not be replicated. We found that parental psychological problems were a significant predictor of family problems, including involvement of child protection authorities, at an average follow-up of 22 months. Parents who reported feeling unloved by their own parents were at higher risk of reports of serious concern to child protection authorities at 22 months after birth. These findings support the utility of at least a subset of the ERPANS items as a screening tool for child abuse risk in preventive public youth health care for new-born babies. Our research adds to a growing body of evidence which points to the importance of parental mental health problems and adverse childhood experiences as precursors to child abuse risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Colinda M B Serie
- Maastricht University, Netherlands and Catholic University Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Darj E, Wijewardena K, Lindmark G, Axemo P. 'Even though a man takes the major role, he has no right to abuse': future male leaders' views on gender-based violence in Sri Lanka. Glob Health Action 2018; 10:1348692. [PMID: 28753081 PMCID: PMC5645713 DOI: 10.1080/16549716.2017.1348692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Distinct gender roles influence gender inequality and build the foundation for gender-based violence. Violence against women is a major public health problem in all societies, and a violation of human rights. Prevalence surveys on gender-based violence have been published from Sri Lanka, but qualitative studies on men’s perceptions are lacking. Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore young educated Sri Lankan men’s perceptions of violence against women. Methods: Seven focus-group discussions were held. Men at the end of their university studies were purposefully selected. A topic guide was used, covering various scenarios of violence against women. Qualitative content analysis was carried out. Results: Four categories were developed through the analytic process: fixed gender roles – patriarchal values are accepted in society, female mobility control, and slowly changing attitudes; violence not accepted but still exists – sexual harassment exists everywhere, different laws for different people, female tolerance of violence, and men’s right to punish; multiple factors cause violence – alcohol, violent behavior is inherited, violence culturally accepted, low education, and lack of communication; and prevention of violence against women – both parents must engage and socialize girls and boys equally, life skills education, premarital counselling, working places value clarification, and more women in politics and boards are suggested. Conclusions: Medical and management students, possible future male leaders of the country, have suggestions of prevention strategies in life skills to reduce gender-based violence and to increase knowledge of health consequences with the aim of changing attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Darj
- a Department of Women's and Children's Health , International and Maternal Child Health, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden.,b Department of Public Health and Nursing , NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology , Trondheim , Norway.,c Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , St Olav's Hospital , Trondheim , Norway
| | - Kumudu Wijewardena
- d Department of Community Medicine Health , University of Sri Jayewardenepura , Colombo , Sri Lanka
| | - Gunilla Lindmark
- a Department of Women's and Children's Health , International and Maternal Child Health, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Pia Axemo
- a Department of Women's and Children's Health , International and Maternal Child Health, Uppsala University , Uppsala , Sweden
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Wolfenden L, Albers B, Shlonsky A. PROTOCOL: Strategies for scaling up the implementation of interventions in social welfare: protocol for a systematic review. CAMPBELL SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2018; 14:1-33. [PMID: 37131378 PMCID: PMC8428002 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
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Sapkota D, Baird K, Saito A, Anderson D. Interventions for domestic violence among pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2017; 6:254. [PMID: 29233167 PMCID: PMC5727941 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-017-0657-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Violence during pregnancy is a global problem, associated with serious health risks for both the mother and baby. Evaluation of interventions targeted for reducing or controlling domestic violence (DV) is still in its infancy, and the majority of findings are primarily from high-income countries (HICs). Therefore, there is an urgent need for generating evidence of DV interventions among pregnant women in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines will be employed to structure the review. A comprehensive search will be carried out via electronic databases including MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and The Cochrane library. Gray literature will also be scrutinized for potential articles. An optimal search strategy has been developed following consultations with subject-matter experts and librarians. This search strategy will be adapted to the different databases. Experimental studies evaluating DV interventions among pregnant women from LMICs will be included in the review. The review will only include literature written in English. Two reviewers will independently screen and assess studies for inclusion in the review. A third author will resolve any discrepancies between the reviewers. Risk of bias will be assessed based on the Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool, and overall quality of the evidence will be judged using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. Findings will be presented with the narrative synthesis, and if applicable, they will be further quantified using random-effects meta-analysis. Effect size, risk ratio for dichotomous variables, and standardized mean differences for continuous variables will be calculated for each outcome using Review Manager 5.3. DISCUSSION Systematic reviews to evaluate the efficacy of interventions to address DV within the perinatal context have been limited. Hence, no one intervention has emerged as substantially effective towards addressing perinatal DV and associated health consequences. The evidence generated from this systematic review will inform researchers and policy makers about the effectiveness of existing DV interventions among pregnant women in LMICs and provide recommendations for future research in this area. This in turn will contribute towards violence prevention in LMICs. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42017073938.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diksha Sapkota
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia. .,Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Nepal.
| | - Kathleen Baird
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Amornrat Saito
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Debra Anderson
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia.,Women's Wellness Research Program, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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15
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Arboit J, Padoin SMDM, Vieira LB, Paula CCD, Costa MCD, Cortes LF. Health care for women in situations of violence: discoordination of network professionals. Rev Esc Enferm USP 2017; 51:e03207. [PMID: 28380159 DOI: 10.1590/s1980-220x2016113303207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To learn the conceptions and actions of health professionals on the care network for women in situations of violence. METHOD A qualitative, descriptive, exploratory study was conducted between April and July 2015 with the participation of 21 health professionals from four primary health care teams in a city of the central region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Data were collected by means of individual semi-structured interviews. Content analysis was used for data systematization. RESULTS Health professionals recognized the importance of the health care network for coping with the problem of violence against women. However, their conceptions and actions were limited by the discoordination or absence of integration among professionals and services of the care network. CONCLUSION The conceptions and actions of health professionals contribute to the discoordination among the services. It is necessary to reflect on the daily practices of care for women in situations of violence. OBJETIVO Conhecer as concepções e ações de profissionais de saúde sobre a rede de atenção às mulheres em situação de violência. MÉTODO Estudo qualitativo, descritivo e exploratório, realizado no período de abril a julho de 2015. Participaram 21 profissionais de saúde de quatro equipes da Atenção Primária à Saúde em um município da região central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A coleta de dados ocorreu mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas e individuais. Para sistematização dos dados, empregou-se a análise de conteúdo. RESULTADOS Os profissionais de saúde reconheciam a importância da rede de atenção à saúde no enfrentamento da problemática da violência contra as mulheres. Contudo, suas concepções e ações eram limitadas pela desarticulação ou ausência de integração entre os profissionais e serviços da rede de atenção. CONCLUSÃO As concepções e ações dos profissionais de saúde contribuem para a desarticulação entre os serviços. Faz-se necessário refletir acerca das práticas cotidianas de cuidados direcionados às mulheres em situação de violência.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Arboit
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Letícia Becker Vieira
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Escola de Enfermagem, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Marta Cocco da Costa
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Campus Palmeira das Missões, Palmeira das Missões, RS, Brazil
| | - Laura Ferreira Cortes
- Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Enfermagem, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Bacchus LJ, Colombini M, Contreras Urbina M, Howarth E, Gardner F, Annan J, Ashburn K, Madrid B, Levtov R, Watts C. Exploring opportunities for coordinated responses to intimate partner violence and child maltreatment in low and middle income countries: a scoping review. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2017; 22:135-165. [DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2016.1274410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Loraine J. Bacchus
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, Department of Global Health & Development, Gender Violence and Health Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Manuela Colombini
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, Department of Global Health & Development, Gender Violence and Health Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Emma Howarth
- NIHR CLAHRC East of England, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frances Gardner
- Centre for Evidence-Based Intervention, Department of Social Policy & Intervention, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jeannie Annan
- Research, Evaluation and Learning Unit, International Rescue Organisation, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kim Ashburn
- Institute for Reproductive Health, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Bernadette Madrid
- Child Protection Unit, University of Philippines, Quezon City, Philippines
| | | | - Charlotte Watts
- Faculty of Public Health and Policy, Department of Global Health & Development, Gender Violence and Health Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Bacchus LJ, Bullock L, Sharps P, Burnett C, Schminkey D, Buller AM, Campbell J. ‘Opening the door’: A qualitative interpretive study of women’s experiences of being asked about intimate partner violence and receiving an intervention during perinatal home visits in rural and urban settings in the USA. J Res Nurs 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1744987116649634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored women’s experiences of being screened for intimate partner violence and receiving an intervention during perinatal home visits in urban and rural settings in the USA. Twenty-six women were recruited from the DOVE (Domestic Violence Enhanced Home Visit) intervention trial to participate in a nested qualitative interpretive study. Women valued the opportunity to discuss their intimate partner violence experiences and access support. Disclosure was a staged process and home visitor communication style and the development of a trusting relationship were influencing factors. Safety planning was an important feature of the DOVE intervention, whether the abuse was past or ongoing. Women highlighted the need for post-abuse support services. Perinatal home visitors require training in intimate partner violence that supports the development of good communication skills and provides opportunities for experiential learning and feedback with regards to asking about and responding to intimate partner violence. Reinforcement training activities are necessary in order to enhance home visitor’s confidence and comfort, and sustain practice. Rigorous protocols are needed to ensure the safety of home visitors and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loraine J Bacchus
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK; University of Virginia, USA
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Guedes A, Bott S, Garcia-Moreno C, Colombini M. Bridging the gaps: a global review of intersections of violence against women and violence against children. Glob Health Action 2016; 9:31516. [PMID: 27329936 PMCID: PMC4916258 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v9.31516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The international community recognises violence against women (VAW) and violence against children (VAC) as global human rights and public health problems. Historically, research, programmes, and policies on these forms of violence followed parallel but distinct trajectories. Some have called for efforts to bridge these gaps, based in part on evidence that individuals and families often experience multiple forms of violence that may be difficult to address in isolation, and that violence in childhood elevates the risk of violence against women. Methods This article presents a narrative review of evidence on intersections between VAC and VAW – including sexual violence by non-partners, with an emphasis on low- and middle-income countries. Results We identify and review evidence for six intersections: 1) VAC and VAW have many shared risk factors. 2) Social norms often support VAW and VAC and discourage help-seeking. 3) Child maltreatment and partner violence often co-occur within the same household. 4) Both VAC and VAW can produce intergenerational effects. 5) Many forms of VAC and VAW have common and compounding consequences across the lifespan. 6) VAC and VAW intersect during adolescence, a time of heightened vulnerability to certain kinds of violence. Conclusions Evidence of common correlates suggests that consolidating efforts to address shared risk factors may help prevent both forms of violence. Common consequences and intergenerational effects suggest a need for more integrated early intervention. Adolescence falls between and within traditional domains of both fields and deserves greater attention. Opportunities for greater collaboration include preparing service providers to address multiple forms of violence, better coordination between services for women and for children, school-based strategies, parenting programmes, and programming for adolescent health and development. There is also a need for more coordination among researchers working on VAC and VAW as countries prepare to measure progress towards 2030 Sustainable Development Goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Guedes
- Family, Gender and Life Course Department, Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Americas, Washington, DC, USA;
| | - Sarah Bott
- Family, Gender and Life Course Department, Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, Regional Office for the Americas, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Claudia Garcia-Moreno
- Department of Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Manuela Colombini
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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