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Sarmikasoglou E, Sumadong P, Roesch LF, Halima S, Hikita C, Watanabe T, Faciola A. Effects of monensin and cashew nut-shell extract on bacterial community composition in a dual-flow continuous culture system. Transl Anim Sci 2023; 8:txad148. [PMID: 38221956 PMCID: PMC10787353 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txad148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of including monensin and two doses of CNSE in a high producing dairy cow diet on ruminal bacterial communities. A dual-flow continuous culture system was used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin Square design. A basal diet was formulated to meet the requirements of a cow producing 45 kg of milk per d (17% crude protein and 27% starch). There were four experimental treatments: the basal diet without any feed additive (CON), 2.5 μM monensin (MON), 100 ppm CNSE granule (CNSE100), and 200 ppm CNSE granule (CNSE200). Samples were collected from the fluid and solid effluents at 3, 6, and 9 h after feeding; a composite of all time points was made for each fermenter within their respective fractions. Bacterial community composition was analyzed by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Treatment responses for bacterial community structure were analyzed with the PERMANOVA test run with the R Vegan package. Treatment responses for correlations were analyzed with the CORR procedure of SAS. Orthogonal contrasts were used to test the effects of (1) ADD (CON vs. MON, CNSE100, and CNSE200); (2) MCN (MON vs. CNSE100 and CNSE200); and (3) DOSE (CNSE100 vs. CNSE200). Significance was declared at P ≤ 0.05. We observed that the relative abundance of Sharpea (P < 0.01), Mailhella (P = 0.05), Ruminococcus (P = 0.03), Eubacterium (P = 0.01), and Coprococcus (P < 0.01) from the liquid fraction and the relative abundance of Ruminococcus (P = 0.03) and Catonella (P = 0.02) from the solid fraction decreased, while the relative abundance of Syntrophococcus (P = 0.02) increased in response to MON when compared to CNSE treatments. Our results demonstrate that CNSE and monensin have similar effects on the major ruminal bacterial genera, while some differences were observed in some minor genera. Overall, the tested additives would affect the ruminal fermentation in a similar pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios Sarmikasoglou
- Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611 FL, USA
| | - Phussorn Sumadong
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611 FL, USA
- Department of Animal Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Luiz Fernando Roesch
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32603 FL, USA
| | - Sultana Halima
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611 FL, USA
| | - Chie Hikita
- Product Development Department, SDS Biotech K.K., Tokyo 101-0022, Japan
| | - Tomonori Watanabe
- Product Development Department, SDS Biotech K.K., Tokyo 101-0022, Japan
| | - Antonio P Faciola
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611 FL, USA
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Hua D, Hendriks WH, Zhao Y, Xue F, Wang Y, Jiang L, Xiong B, Pellikaan WF. Glucogenic and lipogenic diets affect in vitro ruminal microbiota and metabolites differently. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1039217. [PMID: 36590412 PMCID: PMC9800790 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1039217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of two glucogenic diets (C: ground corn and corn silage; S: steam-flaked corn and corn silage) and a lipogenic diet (L: sugar beet pulp and alfalfa silage) on the ruminal bacterial and archaeal structures, the metabolomic products, and gas production after 48 h in vitro fermentation with rumen fluid of dairy cows. Compared to the C and S diets, the L dietary treatment leaded to a lower dry matter digestibility (DMD), lower propionate production and ammonia-nitrogen concentration. The two glucogenic diets performed worse in controlling methane and lactic acid production compared to the L diet. The S diet produced the greatest cumulative gas volume at any time points during incubation compared to the C and L diet. The metabolomics analysis revealed that the lipid digestion especially the fatty acid metabolism was improved, but the amino acid digestion was weakened in the L treatment than in other treatments. Differences in rumen fermentation characteristics were associated with (or resulting from) changes in the relative abundance of bacterial and archaeal genera. The rumen fluid fermented with L diet had a significantly higher number of cellulolytic bacteria, including the genera of Ruminococcus, Butyrivibrio, Eubacterium, Lachnospira, unclassified Lachnospiraceae, and unclassified Ruminococcaceae. The relative abundances of amylolytic bacteria genera including Selenomonas_1, Ruminobacter, and Succinivibrionaceae_UCG-002 were higher in samples for diets C and S. The results indicated that the two glucogenic diets leaded to a higher relative abundance of bacteria which functions in succinate pathway resulting in a higher propionate production. The steam-flaked corn diet had a higher gas production and lower level of metabolites in fatty acids and amino acids. Most highly abundant bacteria were observed to be not sensitive to dietary alterations of starch and fiber, except for several amylolytic bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria. These finding offered new insights on the digesting preference of ruminal bacteria, which can assist to improve the rumen functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengke Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Wouter H. Hendriks
- Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Yiguang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fuguang Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cattle Nutrition, Beijing Agricultural College, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Linshu Jiang,
| | - Benhai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China,Benhai Xiong,
| | - Wilbert F. Pellikaan
- Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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Feed Safety and the Development of Poultry Intestinal Microbiota. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202890. [PMID: 36290275 PMCID: PMC9598862 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Intensive gut colonisation of animals starts immediately after birth or hatch. Oral route of colonisation, and consequently the first feed, plays a significant role in the continual defining of the intestinal microbial community. The feed can influence colonisation in two ways: providing the microbial inoculum and providing the nutritional requirements that suit a specific type of microbes. In combination with environmental factors, feed shapes animal’s future health and performance from the first day of life. The objective of this review was to investigate feed safety aspects of animal nutrition from the gut colonisation aspect. Abstract The first feed offered to young chicks is likely the most important meal in their life. The complex gut colonisation process is determined with early exposure and during the first days of life before the microbial community is formed. Therefore, providing access to high-quality feed and an environment enriched in the beneficial and deprived of pathogenic microorganisms during this period is critical. Feed often carries a complex microbial community that can contain major poultry pathogens and a range of chemical contaminants such as heavy metals, mycotoxins, pesticides and herbicides, which, although present in minute amounts, can have a profound effect on the development of the microbial community and have a permanent effect on bird’s overall health and performance. The magnitude of their interference with gut colonisation in livestock is yet to be determined. Here, we present the animal feed quality issues that can significantly influence the microbial community development, thus severely affecting the bird’s health and performance.
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Sarich JM, Stanford K, Schwartzkopf-Genswein KS, Gruninger RJ, McAllister TA, Meale SJ, Blakley BR, Penner GB, Ribeiro GO. Effect of Ergot Alkaloids and a Mycotoxin Deactivating Product on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation Using the Rumen Simulation Technique (RUSITEC). J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6617437. [PMID: 35748808 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) was used to investigate the effect of ergot alkaloids (EA) and a mycotoxin deactivating product (Biomin AA; MDP) on nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation parameters, total gas, methane, and microbial nitrogen production. Ruminal fermentation vessels received a feedlot finishing diet of 90:10 concentrate:barley silage (DM basis). Using a randomized complete block design, treatments were assigned (n = 4 vessels/treatment) within two RUSITEC apparatuses in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Treatments included: 1) control (CON) diet (no EA and no MDP); 2) CON diet + 1 g/d MDP; 3) CON diet + 20 mg/kg EA; and 4) CON diet + 20 mg/kg EA + 1 g/d MDP. The study was conducted over 14 d with 7 d of adaptation and 7 d of sample collection. Data were analyzed in SAS using PROC MIXED including fixed effects of EA, MDP, and the EA×MDP interaction. Random effects included RUSITEC apparatus and cow rumen inoculum (n = 4). Ergot alkaloids decreased dry matter (DMD) (P = 0.01; 87.9 vs. 87.2%) and organic matter disappearance (OMD) (P = 0.02; 88.8 vs. 88.4%). Inclusion of MDP increased OMD (P = 0.01; 88.3 vs. 88.9%). Neutral detergent fiber disappearance (NDFD) was improved with MDP; however, an EA×MDP interaction was observed with MDP increasing (P < 0.001) NDFD more with EA diet compared to CON. Acetate proportion decreased (P = 0.01) and isovalerate increased (P = 0.03) with EA. Consequently, acetate:propionate was reduced (P = 0.03) with EA. Inclusion of MDP increased total volatile fatty acid (VFA) production (P < 0.001), and proportions of acetate (P = 0.03) and propionate (P = 0.03), and decreased valerate (P < 0.001), isovalerate (P = 0.04), and caproate (P = 0.002). Treatments did not affect (P ≥ 0.17) ammonia, total gas, or methane production (mg/d or mg/g of organic matter fermented). The inclusion of MDP reduced (P < 0.001) microbial nitrogen (MN) production in the effluent and increased (P = 0.01) feed particle bound MN. Consequently, total MN decreased (P = 0.001) with MDP. In all treatments, the dominant microbial phyla were Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Proteobacteria, and the major microbial genus was Prevotella. Inclusion of MDP further increased the abundance of Bacteroidota (P = 0.04) as it increased both Prevotella (P = 0.04) and Prevotellaceae_UCG-003 (P = 0.001). In conclusion, EA reduced OMD and acetate production due to impaired rumen function, these responses were successfully reversed by the addition of MDP.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Sarich
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - K Stanford
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - K S Schwartzkopf-Genswein
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - R J Gruninger
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | - T A McAllister
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - S J Meale
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld Queensland, Australia
| | - B R Blakley
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - G B Penner
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - G O Ribeiro
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Gaffney J, Embree J, Gilmore S, Embree M. Ruminococcus bovis sp. nov., a novel species of amylolytic Ruminococcus isolated from the rumen of a dairy cow. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 34379583 PMCID: PMC8513621 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes JE7A12T (=ATCC TSD-225T=NCTC 14479T), an isolate from the ruminal content of a dairy cow. Phenotypic and genotypic traits of the isolate were explored. JE7A12T was found to be a strictly anaerobic, catalase-negative, oxidase-negative, coccoid bacterium that grows in chains. The API 50 CH carbon source assay detected fermentation of d-glucose, d-fructose, d-galactose, glycogen and starch. HPLC showed acetate to be the major fermentation product as a result of carbohydrate fermentation. Phylogenetic analysis of JE7A12T based on 16S rRNA nucleotide sequence and amino acid sequences from the whole genome indicated a divergent lineage from the closest neighbours in the genus Ruminococcus. The results of 16S rRNA sequence comparison, whole genome average nucleotide identity (ANI) and DNA G+C content data indicate that JE7A12T represents a novel species which we propose the name Ruminococcus bovis with JE7A12T as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Gaffney
- Native Microbials, 10255 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Jordan Embree
- Native Microbials, 10255 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Sean Gilmore
- Native Microbials, 10255 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
| | - Mallory Embree
- Native Microbials, 10255 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA
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6
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Welch CB, Lourenco JM, Krause TR, Seidel DS, Fluharty FL, Pringle TD, Callaway TR. Evaluation of the Fecal Bacterial Communities of Angus Steers With Divergent Feed Efficiencies Across the Lifespan From Weaning to Slaughter. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:597405. [PMID: 34268344 PMCID: PMC8275654 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.597405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have examined the link between the presence of specific gastrointestinal bacteria and the feed efficiency of cattle. However, cattle undergo dietary changes during their productive life which can cause fluctuations in their microbial consortium. The objective of the present study was to assess changes in the fecal microbiome of beef steers genetically selected to be divergent in feedlot feed efficiency, to determine whether differences in their fecal microbiomes could be detected as early as weaning, and continued throughout the rearing process regardless of dietary changes. Fecal samples were collected at weaning, yearling age, and slaughter for a group of 63 steers. Based on their feedlot-finishing performance, the steers were selected and divided into two groups according to their residual feed intake (RFI): efficient steers (low-RFI; n = 7) and inefficient steers (high-RFI; n = 8). To ascertain the fecal microbial consortium and volatile fatty acid (VFA) content, 16S rRNA gene sequencing and VFA analysis were performed. Overall, bacterial evenness and diversity were greater at weaning compared to yearling and slaughter for both efficiency groups (P < 0.001). Feedlot RFI linearly decreased as both Shannon diversity and Ruminococcaceae abundance increased (R2 = 65.6 and 60.7%, respectively). Abundances of Ruminococcaceae, Rikenellaceae, and Christensenellaceae were higher at weaning vs. yearling age and slaughter (P < 0.001); moreover, these families were consistently more abundant in the feces of the low-RFI steers (for most of the timepoints evaluated; P ≤ 0.05), compared to the high-RFI steers. Conversely, abundances of Bifidobacteriaceae were numerically higher in the feces of the high-RFI steers throughout their lifespan. Total VFA concentrations increased at slaughter compared to weaning and yearling for both efficiency groups (P < 0.001). The acetate:propionate ratio decreased linearly (P < 0.001) throughout the life of the steers regardless of their efficiency, reflective of dietary changes. Our results indicate that despite fluctuations due to animal age and dietary changes, specific bacterial families may be correlated with feed efficiency of steers. Furthermore, such differences may be identifiable at earlier stages of the production cycle, potentially as early as weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina B Welch
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jeferson M Lourenco
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Taylor R Krause
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Darren S Seidel
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Francis L Fluharty
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - T Dean Pringle
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Todd R Callaway
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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7
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Zhang Y, Wang C, Peng A, Zhang H, Wang H. Metagenomic Insight: Dietary Thiamine Supplementation Promoted the Growth of Carbohydrate-Associated Microorganisms and Enzymes in the Rumen of Saanen Goats Fed High-Concentrate Diets. Microorganisms 2021; 9:632. [PMID: 33803603 PMCID: PMC8003091 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) is often caused by feeding a high-concentrate diet in intensive ruminant production. Although previous studies have shown that dietary thiamine supplementation can effectively increase rumen pH and modify rumen fermentation, the effect of thiamine supplementation on rumen carbohydrate-related microorganisms and enzymes in goats under SARA conditions remain unclear. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary thiamine supplementation on carbohydrate-associated microorganisms and enzymes in the rumen of Saanen goats fed high-concentrate diets. Nine healthy mid-lactating Saanen goats in parity 1 or 2 were randomly assigned into three treatments: A control diet (CON; concentrate:forage (30:70)), a high-concentrate diet (HC; concentrate:forage (70:30)), and a high-concentrate diet with 200 mg of thiamine/kg of DMI (HCT; concentrate:forage (70:30)). Compared with the HC group, dietary thiamine supplementation improved ruminal microbes associated with fiber, including Prevotella, Fibrobacter, Neocallimastix, and Piromyces (p < 0.05). In addition, an increase in the relative abundance of enzymes involved in both fiber degradation and starch degradation, such as CBM16, GH3, and GH97, was observed in the HCT treatment. (p < 0.05). Thus, thiamine supplementation can improve carbohydrate metabolism by increasing the abundance of the microorganisms and enzymes involved in carbohydrate degradation. In conclusion, this study revealed the relationship between ruminal microbiota and enzymes, and these findings contributed to solving the problems arising from the high-concentrate feeding in ruminant production and to providing a new perspective on ruminant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (A.P.); (H.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, M Block, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia;
| | - Along Peng
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (A.P.); (H.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (A.P.); (H.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Hongrong Wang
- Laboratory of Metabolic Manipulation of Herbivorous Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Z.); (A.P.); (H.Z.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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Characterization of a recombinant zein-degrading protease from Zea mays by Pichia pastoris and its effects on enzymatic hydrolysis of corn starch. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:3287-3293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.08.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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9
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Hua D, Zhao Y, Nan X, Xue F, Wang Y, Jiang L, Xiong B. Effect of different glucogenic to lipogenic nutrient ratios on rumen fermentation and bacterial community in vitro. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:1868-1882. [PMID: 32998176 PMCID: PMC8247007 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Aims This study was to investigate the effect of different ratios of glucogenic to lipogenic nutrients on rumen fermentation and the corresponding ruminal bacterial communities. Methods and Results Four diets, including glucogenic diet (G), lipogenic diet (L), two mixed diets: GL1 (G: L = 2 : 1) and GL2 (G:L = 1 : 2), served as substrates and were incubated with rumen fluid in vitro. The results revealed that the gas production, dry matter digestibility and propionate proportion were significantly increased by the G diet than others. The G diet increased the bacterial genera of Succinivibrionaceae_UCG_002, Succinivibrio, Selenomonas_1 and Ruminobacter but decreased some cellulolytic bacteria including the Eubacterium and several genera in family Ruminococcaceae than others. Conclusions When the glucogenic nutrient was above 1/3 of the dietary energy source among the four diets, the in vitro incubation had a higher feed digestibility and lower acetate to propionate ratio. Bacterial genera, including Selenomonas, Succinivibrio, Ruminobacter, certain genera in Ruminococcaceae, Christensenellaceae_R‐7_group and Eubacterium, were more sensitive to the glucogenic to lipogenic nutrients ratio. Significance and Impact of the Study The present study provides a new perspective about the effect of dietary glucogenic to lipogenic ingredient ratios on rumen metabolism by comparing end‐products, gas production and bacterial composition via an in vitro technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,Animal Nutrition Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Y Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - X Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - F Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Y Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - L Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cattle Nutrition, Beijing Agricultural College, Beijing, China
| | - B Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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10
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Khongpradit A, Boonsaen P, Homwong N, Suzuki Y, Koike S, Sawanon S, Kobayashi Y. Effect of pineapple stem starch feeding on rumen microbial fermentation, blood lipid profile, and growth performance of fattening cattle. Anim Sci J 2020; 91:e13459. [PMID: 32996271 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pineapple stem starch (PS) was evaluated for its suitability as a new starch source in concentrate for fattening cattle, based on the growth performance, blood profile, and rumen parameters of 36 steers in a 206-day feeding study. PS was formulated as a 40% concentrate and fed with forage in comparison with ground corn (GC) and ground cassava (CA) formulated at the same level. PS feeding improved weight gain and feed conversion ratio without affecting feed intake. PS did not obviously influence blood lipid profiles throughout the experiment. Ruminal concentration of total short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) increased with PS without affecting SCFA composition throughout the feeding study. Rumen amylolytic group, especially Ruminococcus bromii, was dominant in the rumen microbial community, and showed increased abundance by PS feeding throughout the experiment. These results clearly indicate the potential of PS as a useful starch source for fattening cattle in terms of rumen fermentation and growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anchalee Khongpradit
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Phoompong Boonsaen
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Nitipong Homwong
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Koike
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Suriya Sawanon
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture at Kamphaeng Saen, Kasetsart University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Yasuo Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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11
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Lin L, Wang Y, Xu L, Liu J, Zhu W, Mao S. Microbiome-host co-oscillation patterns in remodeling of colonic homeostasis during adaptation to a high-grain diet in a sheep model. Anim Microbiome 2020; 2:22. [PMID: 33499965 PMCID: PMC7807687 DOI: 10.1186/s42523-020-00041-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ruminant gastrointestinal tract homeostasis deploys interactive microbiome-host metabolic communication and signaling axes to underpin the fitness of the host. After this stable niche is destroyed by environmental triggers, remodeling of homeostasis can occur as a spontaneous physiological compensatory actor. RESULTS In this study, 20 sheep were randomly divided into four groups: a hay-fed control (CON) group and a high-grain (HG) diet group for 7, 14, or 28 days. Then, we examined 16S rRNA gene sequences and transcriptome sequences to outline the microbiome-host co-oscillation patterns in remodeling of colonic homeostasis in a sheep model during adaptation to a HG diet. Our data revealed that with durations of an HG diet, the higher starch levels directly affected the colonic lumen environment (lower pH and higher fermentation parameters), which in turn filtered lumen-specific functional taxonomic groups (HG-sensitive and HG-tolerant taxa). The colonic epithelium then gave rise to a new niche that triggered endoplasmic reticulum stress to activate unfolded protein response, if the duration of endoplasmic reticulum stress was overlong, this process would regulate cell apoptosis (Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and TNFRSF21) to achieve a functional transformation. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide a holistic view of the colonic microbial assemblages and epithelium functional profile co-oscillation patterns in remodeling of colonic homeostasis during adaptation to an HG diet in a sheep model. These findings also provide a proof of concept that the microbe-host collaboration is vital for maintaining hindgut homeostasis to adapt to dietary dichotomies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration center of Animal Science, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Centre for ruminant nutrition and feed engineering technology research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yue Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration center of Animal Science, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Centre for ruminant nutrition and feed engineering technology research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Lei Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration center of Animal Science, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Centre for ruminant nutrition and feed engineering technology research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Junhua Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration center of Animal Science, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Centre for ruminant nutrition and feed engineering technology research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration center of Animal Science, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Centre for ruminant nutrition and feed engineering technology research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Shengyong Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, National Experimental Teaching Demonstration center of Animal Science, National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Centre for ruminant nutrition and feed engineering technology research, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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12
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Zhao F, Heidrich ES, Curtis TP, Dolfing J. Understanding the complexity of wastewater: The combined impacts of carbohydrates and sulphate on the performance of bioelectrochemical systems. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 176:115737. [PMID: 32240846 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) have long been viewed as a promising wastewater treatment technology. However, in reality, the performance of bioelectrochemical systems fed with real (and therefore complex) wastewaters is often disappointing. We have sought to investigate the combined impacts of complex substrates and presence of electron acceptors. In particular, this study illustrates and systematically evaluates the disparity in performance between a BES acclimatised with acetate and those acclimatised with more complex carbohydrates (glucose, sucrose or starch) and in the presence and absence of sulphate. Relative to acetate only, operating with complex carbohydrates reduced current by 73%-87% and coulombic efficiency by 4%-50%. Acclimation with complex carbohydrates seriously impeded the colonisation anode by Geobacteraceae, resulting in substantially reduced capacity to produce current (60.2% on average). Combined acclimation with sulphate further reduced current by 35% on average, and resulted in a total reduction of 83%-93% relative to the acetate control. However, the presence of an electrogenic sulphide-sulphur shuttle meant sulphate had little effect on the coulombic efficiency of the BES. The results indicate that a reduction in current and coulombic efficiency is, at present, an unavoidable consequence of operating a BES fed with complex wastewater. Researchers, designers and policy makers should incorporate such losses in both their plans and their prognostications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Zhao
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, UK
| | - Elizabeth S Heidrich
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, UK
| | - Thomas P Curtis
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, UK
| | - Jan Dolfing
- School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, NE1 7RU, England, UK.
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Variance of Zein Protein and Starch Granule Morphology between Corn and Steam Flaked Products Determined Starch Ruminal Degradability Through Altering Starch Hydrolyzing Bacteria Attachment. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9090626. [PMID: 31470611 PMCID: PMC6769831 DOI: 10.3390/ani9090626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study investigated differences of γ-zein protein contents and starch granule characteristics between raw and steam flaked corns and their influences on ruminal starch hydrolyzing bacteria (SHB) attached to corn grain. Two types of raw (Corn1 and Corn2) and their steam-flaked products (SFCorn1 and SFCorn2) were applied to explore physiochemical structures and SHB attachment. SDS-PAGE was conducted to detect γ-zein protein patterns, scanning electron microscope, and small angle X-ray scattering were performed to obtain starch granule morphology, while crystallinity, DQ starch, and DAPI staining were applied to quantify SHB. The steam flaking process destroyed γ-zein proteins and gelatinized starch granules. The median particle size of Corn1 and Corn2 starch granules increased from 17.8 and 18.0 μm to 30.8 and 26.0 μm, but crystallinity decreased from 22.0 and 25.0% to 9.9 and 16.9%, respectively. The percentage of SHB attached to Corn1 residues decreased (p = 0.01) after 4 h incubation, but SHB attached to SFCorn1 residues increased (p = 0.03) after 12 h incubation. Thus, the differences of γ-zein proteins and starch granule physiochemical structures between raw and steam flaked corn played an important role in improving the rate and extent of starch ruminal degradation through altering the process of SHB attached to corn.
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Lin L, Xie F, Sun D, Liu J, Zhu W, Mao S. Ruminal microbiome-host crosstalk stimulates the development of the ruminal epithelium in a lamb model. MICROBIOME 2019; 7:83. [PMID: 31159860 PMCID: PMC6547527 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-019-0701-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of the rumen is an important physiological challenge for young ruminants. Previous studies have shown that starter feeding can effectively facilitate the growth and development of the rumen in ruminants. However, the mechanism through which starter feeding stimulates the development of the rumen is not clear. Here, we performed an integrated analysis in ruminal microbiota and a host transcriptomic profile in a lamb model with the intervention of starter feed to understand the ruminal microbiome-host crosstalk in stimulating the development of the ruminal epithelium. RESULTS Decreased ruminal pH and increased acetate and butyrate concentrations in the rumen, followed by increasing rumen organ index, were observed in lambs supplemented with starter. Using metagenome sequencing in combination with 16S rRNA and 18S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, the results showed the abundance of acetate-producing Mitsuokella spp., lactate-producing Sharpea spp., lactate-utilizing Megasphaera spp., and Entodinium spp. was enriched in rumen microbial communities in the starter-feed group. The abundances of genes involved in sugar degradation were decreased in starter-feed lambs, but the GH13 encoding α-amylase was obviously increased. Rumen epithelial transcriptome analysis revealed that seven differentially expressed genes, including MAPK1, PIK3CB, TNFSF10, ITGA6, SNAI2, SAV1, and DLG, related to the cell growth module were upregulated, and BAD's promotion of cell death was downregulated. Correlation analysis revealed that the increase in the concentrations of acetate and butyrate significantly correlated with the expression of these genes, which indicates acetate and butyrate likely acted as important drivers in the ruminal microbiome-host crosstalk. CONCLUSIONS The present study comprehensively describes the symbiotic relationship between the rumen microbiota and the host in lambs after starter feeding. Our data demonstrates that the microbiome-driven generation of acetate and butyrate mediated the growth-related genes' regulation of the growth-associated signalling pathway in the ruminal epithelium. These co-development networks regulated many physiological processes in the epithelium, including papillae morphology and rumen epithelial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Lin
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Fei Xie
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Daming Sun
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Junhua Liu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Shengyong Mao
- Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
- National Center for International Research on Animal Gut Nutrition, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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15
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Liu J, Bian G, Sun D, Zhu W, Mao S. Starter feeding altered ruminal epithelial bacterial communities and some key immune-related genes' expression before weaning in lambs. J Anim Sci 2017; 95:910-921. [PMID: 28380582 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016.0985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To characterize changes in ruminal epithelial bacterial communities and immune-related gene expression during concentrate starter feeding before weaning in lambs, 6 pairs of 10-d-old Hu lamb twins were selected: 1 kid received milk (M, = 6), and the other received milk plus starter (M+S, = 6). All lambs received hay and water ad libitum and were slaughtered at 56-d-old. Their rumen fluid was collected to determine ruminal pH and VFA levels; rumen epithelia were collected to characterize their bacterial communities using Illumina MiSeq sequencing and to determine mRNA expression of immune-related genes using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Results showed that starter feeding caused a decreased ruminal pH ( = 0.004) and increased concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and total VFA ( < 0.001). Principal coordinate analysis and analysis of molecular variance revealed that starter feeding affected ruminal epithelial bacterial communities in the lambs ( = 0.001), with higher relative abundance of dominant taxa , unclassified BS11 gut group, , unclassified Synergistaceae, , , , , and ( < 0.05) but lesser relative abundance of , unclassified Bacteroidales, unclassified Candidate, unclassified RF9, and ( < 0.05). Additionally, a phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states analysis indicated that starter feeding markedly increased relative abundance values of dominant ruminal epithelial bacterial-inferred genes related to other ion-coupled transporters, pentose and glucuronate interconversions, glycosyltransferases, other glycan degradation, AA metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism, biotin metabolism, glycosphingolipid biosynthesis-globo series, and lysosome ( < 0.05) but decreased relative abundance values of genes related to carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes and energy metabolism ( < 0.05) in the lambs. The qRT-PCR results showed that starter feeding decreased the relative mRNA expression of IL-6 ( = 0.003), IL-10 ( = 0.013), and interferon γ ( = 0.003). Collectively, this study showed that starter feeding could alter ruminal epithelial bacterial communities and some key immune-related genes' expression in preweaned lambs. All these responses of ruminal epithelial bacteria and the immune system would be beneficial for starter-fed lambs to be weaned.
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Metatranscriptomic Profiling Reveals Linkages between the Active Rumen Microbiome and Feed Efficiency in Beef Cattle. Appl Environ Microbiol 2017; 83:AEM.00061-17. [PMID: 28235871 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00061-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploring compositional and functional characteristics of the rumen microbiome can improve the understanding of its role in rumen function and cattle feed efficiency. In this study, we applied metatranscriptomics to characterize the active rumen microbiomes of beef cattle with different feed efficiencies (efficient, n = 10; inefficient, n = 10) using total RNA sequencing. Active bacterial and archaeal compositions were estimated based on 16S rRNAs, and active microbial metabolic functions including carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) were assessed based on mRNAs from the same metatranscriptomic data sets. In total, six bacterial phyla (Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Spirochaetes, Cyanobacteria, and Synergistetes), eight bacterial families (Succinivibrionaceae, Prevotellaceae, Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Veillonellaceae, Spirochaetaceae, Dethiosulfovibrionaceae, and Mogibacteriaceae), four archaeal clades (Methanomassiliicoccales, Methanobrevibacter ruminantium, Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii, and Methanosphaera), 112 metabolic pathways, and 126 CAZymes were identified as core components of the active rumen microbiome. As determined by comparative analysis, three bacterial families (Lachnospiraceae, Lactobacillaceae, and Veillonellaceae) tended to be more abundant in low-feed-efficiency (inefficient) animals (P < 0.10), and one archaeal taxon (Methanomassiliicoccales) tended to be more abundant in high-feed-efficiency (efficient) cattle (P < 0.10). Meanwhile, 32 microbial metabolic pathways and 12 CAZymes were differentially abundant (linear discriminant analysis score of >2 with a P value of <0.05) between two groups. Among them, 30 metabolic pathways and 11 CAZymes were more abundant in the rumen of inefficient cattle, while 2 metabolic pathways and 1 CAZyme were more abundant in efficient animals. These findings suggest that the rumen microbiomes of inefficient cattle have more diverse activities than those of efficient cattle, which may be related to the host feed efficiency variation.IMPORTANCE This study applied total RNA-based metatranscriptomics and showed the linkage between the active rumen microbiome and feed efficiency (residual feed intake) in beef cattle. The data generated from the current study provide fundamental information on active rumen microbiome at both compositional and functional levels, which serve as a foundation to study rumen function and its role in cattle feed efficiency. The findings that the active rumen microbiome may contribute to variations in feed efficiency of beef cattle highlight the possibility of enhancing nutrient utilization and improve cattle feed efficiency through modification of rumen microbial functions.
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17
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Liu J, Bian G, Sun D, Zhu W, Mao S. Starter Feeding Supplementation Alters Colonic Mucosal Bacterial Communities and Modulates Mucosal Immune Homeostasis in Newborn Lambs. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:429. [PMID: 28382025 PMCID: PMC5361653 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of starter feeding supplementation on colonic mucosal bacterial communities and on mucosal immune homeostasis in pre-weaned lambs. We selected eight pairs of 10-day-old lamb twins. One twin was fed breast milk (M, n = 8), while the other was fed breast milk plus starter (M+S, n = 8). The lambs were sacrificed at 56 days age. Colonic content was collected to determine the pH and the concentrations of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and lactate. The colonic mucosa was harvested to characterize the bacterial communities using Illumina MiSeq sequencing and to determine mRNA expression levels of cytokines and toll-like receptors (TLR) using quantitative real-time PCR. The results show that starter feeding decreased luminal pH and increased the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, total VFA, and lactate in the colon. The principal coordinate analysis (PCA) and analysis of molecular variance show that starter feeding supplementation significantly affected the colonic mucosal bacterial communities with a higher relative abundance of the dominant taxa unclassified S24-7, Oscillibacter, Prevotella, Parabacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Ruminobacter, and Succinivibrio, and a lower proportion of unclassified Ruminococcaceae, RC9_gut_group, Blautia, Phocaeicola, Phascolarctobacterium, unclassified BS11_gut_group, unclassified family_XIII, and Campylobacter in lambs. Meanwhile, starter feeding decreased mRNA expression of TLR4 and cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ in colonic tissue. Furthermore, the changes in the colonic mucosal mRNA expression of TLR and cytokines were associated with changes in mucosal bacterial composition. These findings may provide new insights into colonic mucosal bacteria and immune homeostasis in developing lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Gaorui Bian
- Department of NGS Sequencing, Tianyi Health Sciences Institute Zhenjiang, China
| | - Daming Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
| | - Shengyong Mao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University Nanjing, China
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18
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Xia Y, Kong Y, Huang H, Yang HE, Forster R, McAllister TA. In situ identification and quantification of protein-hydrolyzing ruminal bacteria associated with the digestion of barley and corn grain. Can J Microbiol 2016; 62:1063-1067. [PMID: 27805413 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2016-0293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In this study, BODIPY FL DQ™ casein staining combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to detect and identify protein-hydrolyzing bacteria within biofilms that produced active cell-surface-associated serine- and metallo-proteases during the ruminal digestion of barley and corn grain in cows fed barley-based diets at 2 different levels. A doublet coccoid bacterial morphotype associated with barley and corn grain particles fluoresced after BODIPY FL DQ™ casein staining. Bacteria with this morphotype accounted for 3%-10% of the total bacteria attached to surface of cereal grain particles, possibly indicative of an important role in the hydrolysis of the protein matrix within the endosperm. However, the identity of these predominant proteolytic bacteria could not be determined using FISH. Quantitative FISH revealed that known proteolytic species, Prevotella ruminicola, Ruminobacter amylophilus, and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, were attached to particles of various cultivars of barley grain and corn, confirming their role in the proteolysis of cereal grains. Differences in chemical composition among different barley cultivars did not affect the composition of proteolytic bacterial populations. However, the concentrate level in the basal diet did have an impact on the relative abundance of proteolytic bacteria and thus possibly their overall contribution to the proteolysis of cereal grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xia
- a Key laboratory of Special Biological Resource Development and Utilization of Universities of Yunnan Province, Kunming University, Kunming, People's Republic of China.,b Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Yunhong Kong
- a Key laboratory of Special Biological Resource Development and Utilization of Universities of Yunnan Province, Kunming University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Heping Huang
- a Key laboratory of Special Biological Resource Development and Utilization of Universities of Yunnan Province, Kunming University, Kunming, People's Republic of China
| | - Hee Eun Yang
- b Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Robert Forster
- b Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Tim A McAllister
- b Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB T1J 4B1, Canada
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19
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Li F, Henderson G, Sun X, Cox F, Janssen PH, Guan LL. Taxonomic Assessment of Rumen Microbiota Using Total RNA and Targeted Amplicon Sequencing Approaches. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:987. [PMID: 27446027 PMCID: PMC4916217 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Taxonomic characterization of active gastrointestinal microbiota is essential to detect shifts in microbial communities and functions under various conditions. This study aimed to identify and quantify potentially active rumen microbiota using total RNA sequencing and to compare the outcomes of this approach with the widely used targeted RNA/DNA amplicon sequencing technique. Total RNA isolated from rumen digesta samples from five beef steers was subjected to Illumina paired-end sequencing (RNA-seq), and bacterial and archaeal amplicons of partial 16S rRNA/rDNA were subjected to 454 pyrosequencing (RNA/DNA Amplicon-seq). Taxonomic assessments of the RNA-seq, RNA Amplicon-seq, and DNA Amplicon-seq datasets were performed using a pipeline developed in house. The detected major microbial phylotypes were common among the three datasets, with seven bacterial phyla, fifteen bacterial families, and five archaeal taxa commonly identified across all datasets. There were also unique microbial taxa detected in each dataset. Elusimicrobia and Verrucomicrobia phyla; Desulfovibrionaceae, Elusimicrobiaceae, and Sphaerochaetaceae families; and Methanobrevibacter woesei were only detected in the RNA-Seq and RNA Amplicon-seq datasets, whereas Streptococcaceae was only detected in the DNA Amplicon-seq dataset. In addition, the relative abundances of four bacterial phyla, eight bacterial families and one archaeal taxon were different among the three datasets. This is the first study to compare the outcomes of rumen microbiota profiling between RNA-seq and RNA/DNA Amplicon-seq datasets. Our results illustrate the differences between these methods in characterizing microbiota both qualitatively and quantitatively for the same sample, and so caution must be exercised when comparing data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyong Li
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gemma Henderson
- AgResearch Ltd., Grasslands Research Centre Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Xu Sun
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Faith Cox
- AgResearch Ltd., Grasslands Research Centre Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Peter H Janssen
- AgResearch Ltd., Grasslands Research Centre Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Le Luo Guan
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada
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20
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Pitta DW, Pinchak WE, Indugu N, Vecchiarelli B, Sinha R, Fulford JD. Metagenomic Analysis of the Rumen Microbiome of Steers with Wheat-Induced Frothy Bloat. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:689. [PMID: 27242715 PMCID: PMC4863135 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Frothy bloat is a serious metabolic disorder that affects stocker cattle grazing hard red winter wheat forage in the Southern Great Plains causing reduced performance, morbidity, and mortality. We hypothesize that a microbial dysbiosis develops in the rumen microbiome of stocker cattle when grazing on high quality winter wheat pasture that predisposes them to frothy bloat risk. In this study, rumen contents were harvested from six cannulated steers grazing hard red winter wheat (three with bloat score “2” and three with bloat score “0”), extracted for genomic DNA and subjected to 16S rDNA and shotgun sequencing on 454/Roche platform. Approximately 1.5 million reads were sequenced, assembled and assigned for phylogenetic and functional annotations. Bacteria predominated up to 84% of the sequences while archaea contributed to nearly 5% of the sequences. The abundance of archaea was higher in bloated animals (P < 0.05) and dominated by Methanobrevibacter. Predominant bacterial phyla were Firmicutes (65%), Actinobacteria (13%), Bacteroidetes (10%), and Proteobacteria (6%) across all samples. Genera from Firmicutes such as Clostridium, Eubacterium, and Butyrivibrio increased (P < 0.05) while Prevotella from Bacteroidetes decreased in bloated samples. Co-occurrence analysis revealed syntrophic associations between bacteria and archaea in non-bloated samples, however; such interactions faded in bloated samples. Functional annotations of assembled reads to Subsystems database revealed the abundance of several metabolic pathways, with carbohydrate and protein metabolism well represented. Assignment of contigs to CaZy database revealed a greater diversity of Glycosyl Hydrolases dominated by oligosaccharide breaking enzymes (>70%) in non-bloated samples. However, the abundance and diversity of CaZymes were greatly reduced in bloated samples indicating the disruption of carbohydrate metabolism. We conclude that mild to moderate frothy bloat results from tradeoffs both within and between microbial domains due to greater competition for substrates that are of limited availability as a result of biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Pitta
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | | | - N Indugu
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | - B Vecchiarelli
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Kennett Square, PA, USA
| | - R Sinha
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Kennett Square, PA, USA
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